This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.
quadgram | frequency |
---|---|
the top of the | 87 |
the bottom of the | 77 |
of the pennsylvania railroad | 59 |
the face of the | 56 |
the weight of the | 46 |
the surface of the | 44 |
the long island railroad | 41 |
the construction of the | 40 |
as shown in fig | 37 |
it was necessary to | 35 |
at the same time | 34 |
the pennsylvania railroad company | 34 |
american society of civil | 33 |
the end of the | 33 |
society of civil engineers | 33 |
the east side of | 33 |
the level of the | 30 |
as soon as the | 29 |
on account of the | 28 |
of the new york | 27 |
of the long island | 27 |
on the new york | 26 |
new york tunnel extension | 25 |
the remainder of the | 25 |
the sides of the | 24 |
for a distance of | 24 |
was found to be | 24 |
the new york side | 24 |
at the end of | 23 |
the new york tunnel | 23 |
to a depth of | 22 |
the west side of | 22 |
part of the work | 22 |
in the case of | 22 |
in connection with the | 21 |
the center of the | 21 |
of free air per | 20 |
the cost of the | 20 |
chief engineer of the | 20 |
investigations of mine accidents | 19 |
the line of the | 19 |
extension of the pennsylvania | 19 |
questions in reinforced concrete | 19 |
the writer believes that | 19 |
the south side of | 19 |
of new york city | 19 |
federal investigations of mine | 19 |
in reinforced concrete design | 19 |
at the bottom of | 19 |
the elevation of the | 19 |
the angle of repose | 19 |
the center line of | 18 |
in front of the | 18 |
at the rate of | 18 |
york tunnel extension of | 18 |
with the exception of | 18 |
on the manhattan side | 18 |
as shown by fig | 18 |
tunnel extension of the | 18 |
on the east side | 18 |
instituted transactions paper no | 17 |
from center to center | 17 |
engineers instituted transactions paper | 17 |
civil engineers instituted transactions | 17 |
report of special committee | 17 |
of civil engineers instituted | 17 |
final report of special | 17 |
of special committee on | 17 |
committee on rail sections | 17 |
to the top of | 17 |
the removal of the | 17 |
it was found that | 17 |
special committee on rail | 17 |
pennsylvania tunnel and terminal | 16 |
on the south side | 16 |
to the level of | 16 |
the excavation of the | 16 |
in new york city | 16 |
the american society of | 16 |
it was decided to | 16 |
a depth of ft | 16 |
the completion of the | 16 |
of the north river | 16 |
in advance of the | 16 |
the new york central | 16 |
tunnel and terminal railroad | 16 |
on the west side | 16 |
at the top of | 15 |
on the other hand | 15 |
a part of the | 15 |
surface of the rock | 15 |
the tail of the | 15 |
for the purpose of | 15 |
tail of the shield | 15 |
the base of the | 15 |
the new jersey side | 15 |
at the foot of | 15 |
the new york contracting | 15 |
a distance of ft | 15 |
on the north side | 15 |
on the new jersey | 14 |
it will be seen | 14 |
of the american society | 14 |
ninth and tenth avenues | 14 |
a b c b | 14 |
c b c d | 14 |
a member of the | 14 |
the north side of | 14 |
the outside of the | 14 |
each side of the | 14 |
the middle of the | 14 |
the crown of the | 14 |
the roof of the | 14 |
for the construction of | 14 |
the use of the | 14 |
of the east river | 14 |
b c b c | 14 |
the rock surface was | 14 |
in long island city | 14 |
of the top of | 14 |
the new york division | 14 |
the placing of the | 13 |
the ends of the | 13 |
the bergen hill tunnels | 13 |
the early part of | 13 |
end of the work | 13 |
the case of the | 13 |
in the bottom of | 13 |
new york contracting company | 13 |
center line of the | 13 |
east side of the | 13 |
will be seen that | 13 |
the fact that the | 13 |
top of the rail | 13 |
the greater part of | 13 |
is shown on plate | 13 |
by the railroad company | 13 |
of the cutting edge | 13 |
between ninth and tenth | 13 |
of the terminal station | 13 |
under the direction of | 12 |
on top of the | 12 |
under the north river | 12 |
the position of the | 12 |
st and d streets | 12 |
on each side of | 12 |
face of the wall | 12 |
the air pressure was | 12 |
of the bottom of | 12 |
the length of the | 12 |
the concrete lining was | 12 |
the erection of the | 12 |
r r a m | 12 |
the rest of the | 12 |
e e p e | 12 |
greater part of the | 12 |
the latter part of | 12 |
of the concrete lining | 11 |
a pressure of lb | 11 |
on either side of | 11 |
under the east river | 11 |
the back of the | 11 |
the hudson and manhattan | 11 |
at the time of | 11 |
to the fact that | 11 |
the north river tunnels | 11 |
is shown by fig | 11 |
the space between the | 11 |
the west line of | 11 |
weight on the drivers | 11 |
and stability of earth | 11 |
side of the work | 11 |
in order to prevent | 11 |
of the retaining wall | 11 |
side of the river | 11 |
as well as the | 11 |
side of ninth avenue | 11 |
sides of the avenue | 11 |
the tunnels under the | 11 |
of the iron lining | 11 |
from the bottom of | 10 |
the shield was shoved | 10 |
barrels of cement used | 10 |
the weight on the | 10 |
the lower part of | 10 |
the foot of the | 10 |
the el paso and | 10 |
the head of the | 10 |
in charge of the | 10 |
the width of the | 10 |
south side of the | 10 |
as shown on plate | 10 |
surface of the ground | 10 |
as far as possible | 10 |
west side of the | 10 |
construction of the tunnels | 10 |
between seventh and eighth | 10 |
from the top of | 10 |
el paso and southwestern | 10 |
seventh and eighth avenues | 10 |
the north river division | 10 |
presented at the meeting | 10 |
the size of the | 10 |
to the new york | 10 |
depth of about ft | 10 |
avenue and d street | 10 |
it was thought that | 10 |
having a capacity of | 10 |
the pressure on the | 10 |
on the line of | 10 |
the east river division | 10 |
the east river tunnels | 10 |
of the shield was | 10 |
the contractor for the | 10 |
of the metal lining | 10 |
free air per min | 9 |
by the use of | 9 |
the building of the | 9 |
west end of the | 9 |
the rear of the | 9 |
a depth of about | 9 |
the progress of the | 9 |
l t r o | 9 |
in contact with the | 9 |
l u t t | 9 |
the temperature of the | 9 |
i l t r | 9 |
in the early part | 9 |
east side of ninth | 9 |
of cubic yards of | 9 |
line of ninth avenue | 9 |
new york connecting railroad | 9 |
e i i a | 9 |
h l u t | 9 |
as shown by the | 9 |
a concrete water tower | 9 |
at the meeting of | 9 |
the exception of the | 9 |
i i a t | 9 |
locomotive performance on grades | 9 |
had to be taken | 9 |
the west end of | 9 |
in the latter part | 9 |
tunnels b and d | 9 |
d and d streets | 9 |
l n n n | 9 |
a distance of about | 9 |
the direction of the | 9 |
with the new york | 9 |
early part of the | 9 |
at a depth of | 9 |
north side of the | 9 |
on the center line | 9 |
city of new york | 9 |
to the bottom of | 9 |
the atlantic avenue improvement | 9 |
of from to ft | 9 |
member of the american | 9 |
paso and southwestern railway | 9 |
the nature of the | 9 |
free air per minute | 9 |
number of cubic yards | 9 |
d g g s | 9 |
the east line of | 9 |
the city of new | 9 |
into new york city | 9 |
attempt was made to | 9 |
at right angles to | 9 |
on the sides of | 9 |
grades of various lengths | 8 |
the excavation had been | 8 |
h h h h | 8 |
large part of the | 8 |
the board of engineers | 8 |
hudson and manhattan railroad | 8 |
the upper part of | 8 |
at the point of | 8 |
the escape of air | 8 |
it would have been | 8 |
was found that the | 8 |
line of the tunnels | 8 |
on the weehawken side | 8 |
brown on pennsylvania r | 8 |
at the manhattan shaft | 8 |
line of seventh avenue | 8 |
on grades of various | 8 |
was elected a member | 8 |
elected a member of | 8 |
progress of linear in | 8 |
top of the shield | 8 |
of civil engineers on | 8 |
of the construction of | 8 |
l table part w | 8 |
the excavation for the | 8 |
hewett and brown on | 8 |
completion of the work | 8 |
between length r method | 8 |
the point where the | 8 |
by the pennsylvania railroad | 8 |
rings in feet material | 8 |
in the form of | 8 |
in the east river | 8 |
linear in feet material | 8 |
length r method of | 8 |
the capacity of the | 8 |
in feet material e | 8 |
the location of the | 8 |
number progress of linear | 8 |
in diameter and ft | 8 |
and brown on pennsylvania | 8 |
the first avenue shafts | 8 |
as shown on fig | 8 |
rate of number progress | 8 |
in the river tunnels | 8 |
the side of the | 8 |
to a point ft | 8 |
o between length r | 8 |
g g s l | 8 |
n n n a | 8 |
below the surface of | 8 |
in view of the | 8 |
per cubic yard of | 8 |
upper part of the | 8 |
g g g g | 8 |
sand and stone were | 8 |
crown of the tunnel | 8 |
of number progress of | 8 |
n rings in feet | 8 |
the central rock core | 8 |
each pair of tunnels | 8 |
feet material e excavation | 8 |
long island railroad company | 8 |
right angles to the | 8 |
in the center of | 8 |
of linear in feet | 8 |
the pennsylvania tunnel and | 8 |
to the center line | 8 |
are shown on plate | 8 |
the pressure of the | 8 |
and had to be | 7 |
railway engineering and maintenance | 7 |
of the weight on | 7 |
n r r a | 7 |
west of ninth avenue | 7 |
b c d a | 7 |
to the face of | 7 |
back of the retaining | 7 |
loaded by steam shovel | 7 |
at an elevation of | 7 |
the state of new | 7 |
muck loaded by steam | 7 |
performance on grades of | 7 |
of the pennsylvania tunnel | 7 |
when the shield was | 7 |
portion of the work | 7 |
lackawanna and western railroad | 7 |
c d a b | 7 |
for the long island | 7 |
the lines of the | 7 |
back of the wall | 7 |
below mean high water | 7 |
are shown on fig | 7 |
a certain amount of | 7 |
the junction of the | 7 |
lower part of the | 7 |
the north and south | 7 |
the sand and stone | 7 |
new york central railroad | 7 |
of the american railway | 7 |
of the rock was | 7 |
and the long island | 7 |
is shown in fig | 7 |
line of d street | 7 |
railroad of new jersey | 7 |
be seen that the | 7 |
and southwestern railway from | 7 |
american railway engineering and | 7 |
engineering and maintenance of | 7 |
water supply of the | 7 |
during the progress of | 7 |
railway from carrizozo to | 7 |
by the fact that | 7 |
bottom of the excavation | 7 |
west line of seventh | 7 |
time of his death | 7 |
the floors of the | 7 |
the water supply of | 7 |
and maintenance of way | 7 |
president of the pennsylvania | 7 |
seventh avenue and d | 7 |
angle of repose of | 7 |
southwestern railway from carrizozo | 7 |
carrizozo to santa rosa | 7 |
the time of his | 7 |
tunnels under the north | 7 |
pressure of the water | 7 |
are shown in fig | 7 |
the character of the | 7 |
from to from to | 7 |
the beginning of the | 7 |
is shown in table | 7 |
to that of the | 7 |
supply of the el | 7 |
to the weehawken shaft | 7 |
that portion of the | 7 |
i o o t | 7 |
a b c d | 7 |
either side of the | 7 |
the tracks of the | 7 |
face of the bench | 7 |
a e e p | 7 |
the axis of the | 7 |
maintenance of way association | 7 |
all rock bottom heading | 7 |
to the weight of | 7 |
of the west line | 7 |
the top of rail | 7 |
d a b c | 7 |
air pressure in the | 7 |
engineer in charge of | 7 |
it is impossible to | 7 |
side of the avenue | 7 |
of the cost of | 7 |
an angle of repose | 7 |
as long as the | 7 |
and terminal railroad company | 7 |
the height of the | 7 |
from carrizozo to santa | 7 |
was attached to the | 7 |
load and deflection log | 7 |
pounds per square inch | 7 |
of the el paso | 7 |
the material in the | 7 |
above the top of | 7 |
in addition to the | 7 |
the new york connecting | 7 |
the east river and | 6 |
tracks of the new | 6 |
a matter of fact | 6 |
at a pressure of | 6 |
was done by the | 6 |
is believed to be | 6 |
on both sides of | 6 |
the work was done | 6 |
foot of d street | 6 |
the operation of the | 6 |
the permanent steel viaduct | 6 |
in order to allow | 6 |
over the new york | 6 |
plan and profile of | 6 |
level of the top | 6 |
a large quantity of | 6 |
of the shield and | 6 |
the united engineering and | 6 |
by the construction of | 6 |
under the hudson river | 6 |
the excavation was completed | 6 |
in order to provide | 6 |
reinforced concrete pier construction | 6 |
is shown on fig | 6 |
in order that the | 6 |
this part of the | 6 |
axis of the tunnel | 6 |
of the board of | 6 |
the american railway association | 6 |
the new york and | 6 |
the girders c were | 6 |
no attempt was made | 6 |
united engineering and contracting | 6 |
be found by multiplying | 6 |
any section can be | 6 |
the flanges of the | 6 |
of the tunnel lining | 6 |
the use of a | 6 |
the tops of the | 6 |
section can be found | 6 |
the same manner as | 6 |
the quantity of muck | 6 |
engineering and contracting company | 6 |
seventh and ninth avenues | 6 |
the grade of the | 6 |
the application of the | 6 |
as the shield advanced | 6 |
rock bottom heading oct | 6 |
used in any section | 6 |
of cement used for | 6 |
a large part of | 6 |
by the board of | 6 |
the thickness of the | 6 |
south side of st | 6 |
will be described in | 6 |
side of tenth avenue | 6 |
at the top and | 6 |
the rock at the | 6 |
face of the concrete | 6 |
iron lining of the | 6 |
so as to bring | 6 |
of the tunnel and | 6 |
west of the shaft | 6 |
the foot of d | 6 |
and the excavation was | 6 |
of the bridge seat | 6 |
of the river tunnels | 6 |
the total length of | 6 |
east of the west | 6 |
the tunnels and the | 6 |
the excavation on the | 6 |
the average time taken | 6 |
east of seventh avenue | 6 |
of the caisson was | 6 |
tunnels c and d | 6 |
avenue to ninth avenue | 6 |
it was desired to | 6 |
east of ninth avenue | 6 |
for that section in | 6 |
the site of the | 6 |
in any section can | 6 |
line of tenth avenue | 6 |
when the angle of | 6 |
bottom of the shield | 6 |
of the intercepting arch | 6 |
of the south abutment | 6 |
so that it is | 6 |
the limits of the | 6 |
the iron lining of | 6 |
at the beginning of | 6 |
from the face of | 6 |
side of d street | 6 |
the average rate of | 6 |
the elevated railway structure | 6 |
the top and bottom | 6 |
had to be made | 6 |
both sides of the | 6 |
of the tunnel line | 6 |
ultimate load on pile | 6 |
lines a and b | 6 |
retaining and face walls | 6 |
the whole of the | 6 |
of the working chamber | 6 |
the edge of the | 6 |
the construction of a | 6 |
the loss of air | 6 |
it would seem as | 6 |
as a matter of | 6 |
cost per cubic yard | 6 |
described in this paper | 6 |
can be found by | 6 |
the sand and gravel | 6 |
earth pressure and stability | 6 |
the shield could be | 6 |
intervals of about ft | 6 |
the american railway engineering | 6 |
where the rock was | 6 |
the number of cubic | 6 |
the length of time | 6 |
between it and the | 6 |
at intervals of about | 6 |
side of st street | 6 |
van der hoek was | 6 |
the lehigh valley railroad | 6 |
and the work was | 6 |
as possible to the | 6 |
the diameter of the | 6 |
as soon as possible | 6 |
the quantity of water | 6 |
below the top of | 6 |
kinds of ground encountered | 6 |
of the tunnels and | 6 |
in accordance with the | 6 |
the tendency of the | 6 |
the east river to | 5 |
u d g g | 5 |
it is thus seen | 5 |
a o o t | 5 |
of the excavation was | 5 |
part of the arch | 5 |
the permanent viaduct girders | 5 |
part rock and part | 5 |
for the disposal of | 5 |
east of first avenue | 5 |
weight per cubic foot | 5 |
a t i s | 5 |
the sinking of the | 5 |
at seventh avenue and | 5 |
new york shield chambers | 5 |
the section of the | 5 |
in regard to the | 5 |
the cost of labor | 5 |
on the surface of | 5 |
new york central and | 5 |
at long island city | 5 |
the east house line | 5 |
central and hudson river | 5 |
by reason of the | 5 |
the organization of the | 5 |
various operations involved in | 5 |
as in the case | 5 |
it was impossible to | 5 |
of the last ring | 5 |
the various operations involved | 5 |
placing the concrete lining | 5 |
in the rear of | 5 |
on the elevated railway | 5 |
and hudson river railroad | 5 |
the rock cover was | 5 |
as a result of | 5 |
in pounds per square | 5 |
new york and new | 5 |
from the east side | 5 |
in this way the | 5 |
be described in detail | 5 |
the design of the | 5 |
is thus seen that | 5 |
was placed in the | 5 |
all parts of the | 5 |
it was to be | 5 |
the driving of the | 5 |
a n r r | 5 |
load on pile foundations | 5 |
was filled with concrete | 5 |
the long island shafts | 5 |
the bottom of a | 5 |
in the top of | 5 |
of the d street | 5 |
on a large scale | 5 |
from long island city | 5 |
the forms for the | 5 |
average cost per cubic | 5 |
of the permanent viaduct | 5 |
it should be noted | 5 |
from the first avenue | 5 |
of the face of | 5 |
in the state of | 5 |
line between the tunnels | 5 |
about the middle of | 5 |
the thrust of the | 5 |
the river tunnels was | 5 |
at a distance of | 5 |
extensions to the floors | 5 |
distance of about ft | 5 |
a length of about | 5 |
including time for jacks | 5 |
shown on plate xii | 5 |
cutting edge of the | 5 |
pressure due to the | 5 |
where the rock surface | 5 |
of the tunnel was | 5 |
bottom of the rings | 5 |
eighth and ninth avenues | 5 |
the jersey city station | 5 |
and nature of all | 5 |
seventh avenue to ninth | 5 |
quantity of water used | 5 |
at the point where | 5 |
the th street pier | 5 |
it was desirable to | 5 |
the portion of the | 5 |
sunk to a depth | 5 |
g e e p | 5 |
the water from the | 5 |
against the face of | 5 |
of the bergen hill | 5 |
on the surface and | 5 |
with discussion by messrs | 5 |
the same as the | 5 |
of the work in | 5 |
surface of the street | 5 |
address at the d | 5 |
york and new jersey | 5 |
as chief engineer of | 5 |
it was finally decided | 5 |
new york and long | 5 |
the electrification of the | 5 |
part of the time | 5 |
after the completion of | 5 |
north and south tunnels | 5 |
the work under the | 5 |
junction of the shields | 5 |
as far as the | 5 |
a length of ft | 5 |
and the iron lining | 5 |
the walls of the | 5 |
of the avenue was | 5 |
with the pennsylvania railroad | 5 |
involved in building tunnel | 5 |
i r r a | 5 |
iii iii iii iii | 5 |
is due to the | 5 |
parallel to the center | 5 |
he was graduated in | 5 |
could not be used | 5 |
placing of the concrete | 5 |
made it possible to | 5 |
t i s l | 5 |
i a t i | 5 |
of the girders c | 5 |
iv iv iv iv | 5 |
elevation of the top | 5 |
the settlement of the | 5 |
it would seem that | 5 |
entire length of the | 5 |
east side of tenth | 5 |
and the railroad company | 5 |
may be of interest | 5 |
muck loaded by hand | 5 |
i s l n | 5 |
s e i i | 5 |
side of the street | 5 |
the execution of the | 5 |
found by multiplying the | 5 |
that there is a | 5 |
in the vicinity of | 5 |
the full width of | 5 |
d street to the | 5 |
a portion of the | 5 |
state of new york | 5 |
lining was put in | 5 |
to the east side | 5 |
operations involved in building | 5 |
in the construction of | 5 |
the center line between | 5 |
on the long island | 5 |
rock and part earth | 5 |
the details of the | 5 |
made it necessary to | 5 |
to the river shafts | 5 |
the rate of progress | 5 |
in the summer of | 5 |
e i l t | 5 |
a large amount of | 5 |
side of seventh avenue | 5 |
on the outside of | 5 |
the form for the | 5 |
in the middle of | 5 |
on the completion of | 5 |
similar to that of | 5 |
the east end of | 5 |
the friction of the | 5 |
and it was necessary | 5 |
on the bottom of | 5 |
under the charge of | 5 |
and construction of the | 5 |
the members of the | 5 |
top of the ingot | 5 |
the work of the | 5 |
by a system of | 5 |
top of the tunnel | 5 |
the bottoms of the | 5 |
front of the shield | 5 |
center line between the | 5 |
order to prevent the | 5 |
the ducts were laid | 5 |
i i i i | 5 |
roof of the working | 5 |
extent and nature of | 5 |
were used in the | 5 |
s l n n | 5 |
was used for the | 5 |
p s i o | 5 |
several kinds of ground | 5 |
resident engineer of the | 5 |
and manhattan railroad company | 5 |
the form of a | 5 |
of all the unavoidable | 5 |
to the iron lining | 5 |
memoirs of deceased members | 5 |
a large number of | 5 |
also the extent and | 5 |
due to the fact | 5 |
in excess of the | 5 |
the d annual convention | 5 |
was due to the | 5 |
the north river bridge | 5 |
the water in the | 5 |
the extent and nature | 5 |
of the center line | 5 |
required to lift the | 5 |
to be used in | 5 |
ii ii ii ii | 5 |
in order to make | 5 |
were made in the | 5 |
this was done by | 5 |
the installation of the | 5 |
at the leading end | 5 |
to the east river | 5 |
on the basis of | 5 |
the work was carried | 5 |
soft ground in the | 5 |
depth of from to | 5 |
in the design of | 5 |
of the city of | 5 |
work was carried on | 5 |
the east and west | 5 |
the excavated material was | 5 |
and d streets were | 5 |
from seventh avenue to | 5 |
at the d annual | 5 |
tests of creosoted timber | 5 |
of the hudson and | 5 |
the ultimate load on | 5 |
in the united states | 5 |
of the pump chamber | 5 |
york central and hudson | 5 |
by the whole gang | 5 |
at the west end | 5 |
r h l u | 5 |
as to bring the | 5 |
avenue and th street | 5 |
a depth of from | 5 |
for the various operations | 5 |
on the north and | 5 |
the time taken to | 5 |
the support of the | 5 |
a description of the | 5 |
the entire length of | 5 |
appears to have been | 5 |
of one of the | 5 |
the several kinds of | 5 |
sides of the river | 5 |
by the resident engineers | 5 |
the front of the | 5 |
will be found in | 5 |
all the unavoidable delays | 5 |
the duct bench concrete | 5 |
angle of repose is | 5 |
to a height of | 5 |
face of the shield | 5 |
nature of all the | 5 |
the cutting edge of | 5 |
in the south tunnel | 5 |
the long island city | 5 |
a variation of ft | 5 |
of the sump segment | 4 |
to prevent it from | 4 |
the inside of the | 4 |
the soft ground was | 4 |
the leading end of | 4 |
of the same general | 4 |
that the cost of | 4 |
the total weight of | 4 |
lost time n per | 4 |
n rings e ing | 4 |
to the construction of | 4 |
on the side of | 4 |
o o t hy | 4 |
surface and in the | 4 |
the arrangement of the | 4 |
the property of the | 4 |
to shove the shield | 4 |
part w bolting time | 4 |
the chief engineer of | 4 |
the hydrostatic head at | 4 |
and the east river | 4 |
of the retaining walls | 4 |
had charge of the | 4 |
of the wall was | 4 |
to the time of | 4 |
quantity of muck taken | 4 |
u t t e | 4 |
the air cylinders were | 4 |
writer believes that the | 4 |
street and north river | 4 |
e time on bolts | 4 |
in order to give | 4 |
the vicinity of the | 4 |
the time per ring | 4 |
along the lines of | 4 |
execution of the work | 4 |
to which it was | 4 |
work of the terminal | 4 |
tion lost time n | 4 |
at the rear end | 4 |
i s i l | 4 |
a n rings in | 4 |
the rock excavation was | 4 |
at the center of | 4 |
by far the greater | 4 |
the paper by mr | 4 |
of this part of | 4 |
foot of west d | 4 |
bell and spigot pipe | 4 |
removing hood of shield | 4 |
method of l n | 4 |
and thence to the | 4 |
held in place by | 4 |
at the time the | 4 |
shoving shield into silt | 4 |
the elimination of grade | 4 |
so that at the | 4 |
mucking tion lost time | 4 |
f g g g | 4 |
lining of the tunnels | 4 |
o s h l | 4 |
to hold back the | 4 |
between seventh and ninth | 4 |
of the face wall | 4 |
h ave a t | 4 |
nature of the ground | 4 |
excavation on the sides | 4 |
as it could be | 4 |
great northern grafton greenough | 4 |
was one of the | 4 |
a section of the | 4 |
the time of the | 4 |
concrete was placed in | 4 |
quantities of sand and | 4 |
of the tunnel in | 4 |
t t i s | 4 |
showing condition of work | 4 |
tunnel through the several | 4 |
the same as that | 4 |
new york city and | 4 |
at the south shaft | 4 |
one of the most | 4 |
the rock on the | 4 |
the cutting edge was | 4 |
on the construction of | 4 |
building tunnel through the | 4 |
of l n n | 4 |
s i l t | 4 |
to the writer that | 4 |
the whole length of | 4 |
a little more than | 4 |
the contract was let | 4 |
metal lining of the | 4 |
which he was graduated | 4 |
were then put in | 4 |
time n per ring | 4 |
the same as for | 4 |
a capacity of cu | 4 |
during the period of | 4 |
through the form and | 4 |
should be made for | 4 |
in d and d | 4 |
a r section r | 4 |
where the top of | 4 |
of seventh avenue and | 4 |
progress of the excavation | 4 |
per linear foot of | 4 |
within the limits of | 4 |
r cubic per and | 4 |
delays e average time | 4 |
tunnel a and b | 4 |
the ends of these | 4 |
the movement of the | 4 |
r o r section | 4 |
shoving r cubic per | 4 |
o o t i | 4 |
f e s i | 4 |
as the cutting edge | 4 |
was used in the | 4 |
and execution of the | 4 |
top of the curb | 4 |
a p d g | 4 |
of the work under | 4 |
north and east rivers | 4 |
ing f g g | 4 |
of the solid material | 4 |
of the tunnel with | 4 |
increasing the capacity of | 4 |
hold back the water | 4 |
in average i o | 4 |
the new york shield | 4 |
station at seventh avenue | 4 |
in order to avoid | 4 |
i a t o | 4 |
in order to keep | 4 |
on which it was | 4 |
material e excavation d | 4 |
the typical working force | 4 |
the tunnels could be | 4 |
ahead of the shield | 4 |
t t e i | 4 |
in a general way | 4 |
street between seventh and | 4 |
was decided to use | 4 |
cubic mucking tion lost | 4 |
time per ring taken | 4 |
out of an orifice | 4 |
is shown by figs | 4 |
the building of a | 4 |
the end of each | 4 |
the concrete had set | 4 |
r n o between | 4 |
the tangent of the | 4 |
excavation had to be | 4 |
one end of the | 4 |
and b intermediate shaft | 4 |
time total items hrs | 4 |
air d g i | 4 |
r a m r | 4 |
will be noted that | 4 |
the underside of the | 4 |
description in gang i | 4 |
so as to give | 4 |
to zero at the | 4 |
is more or less | 4 |
i o f r | 4 |
most of which were | 4 |
of the wall and | 4 |
average i o per | 4 |
pressure per square foot | 4 |
of cement used in | 4 |
table part w ave | 4 |
the metal lining of | 4 |
with a capacity of | 4 |
of the concrete was | 4 |
of damage done in | 4 |
part of the face | 4 |
on bolts after i | 4 |
t r o s | 4 |
for ring e erection | 4 |
drivers which is utilized | 4 |
the viaducts or bridges | 4 |
of part rock and | 4 |
table part w av | 4 |
the floor of the | 4 |
excavation a b c | 4 |
to the rock surface | 4 |
side of the tunnel | 4 |
by the members of | 4 |
erecting iron and driving | 4 |
men i description in | 4 |
repairs of damage done | 4 |
equal to the weight | 4 |
l table summary part | 4 |
final position of the | 4 |
from seventh avenue and | 4 |
and long island city | 4 |
at d street and | 4 |
a t air d | 4 |
the work of excavation | 4 |
r o s e | 4 |
description of the work | 4 |
in connection with this | 4 |
o r section u | 4 |
were made by the | 4 |
was transferred to the | 4 |
the extension of the | 4 |
rail committee of the | 4 |
the long island shields | 4 |
the contract for the | 4 |
approved by the board | 4 |
street from seventh avenue | 4 |
same as for the | 4 |
as a part of | 4 |
as nearly as possible | 4 |
across the north river | 4 |
was held in place | 4 |
e a r section | 4 |
the turbidity of the | 4 |
t a p d | 4 |
to the tendency of | 4 |
r r r r | 4 |
the benefit of the | 4 |
table summary part w | 4 |
was then decided to | 4 |
e s i o | 4 |
excavation of shield chamber | 4 |
r r r o | 4 |
shield into silt with | 4 |
by the time the | 4 |
r section r s | 4 |
the description of the | 4 |
so that when the | 4 |
of the river tunnel | 4 |
e description in gang | 4 |
n a n rings | 4 |
pier at the foot | 4 |
i ring is complete | 4 |
would have to be | 4 |
the writer agrees with | 4 |
side of bergen hill | 4 |
are given in table | 4 |
eastward from the station | 4 |
the writer has made | 4 |
north side of d | 4 |
the rail to the | 4 |
zero at the bottom | 4 |
the concrete for the | 4 |
of muck taken in | 4 |
middle of the river | 4 |
of men e description | 4 |
in the path of | 4 |
was carried on by | 4 |
of the surface of | 4 |
the points where the | 4 |
section of the tunnel | 4 |
the concrete of the | 4 |
pennsylvania railroad company for | 4 |
taken place so as | 4 |
and the face was | 4 |
work was in progress | 4 |
on the central rock | 4 |
with reference to the | 4 |
time e time on | 4 |
as compared with the | 4 |
reaching new york city | 4 |
tunnels east of the | 4 |
shaft and preliminary headings | 4 |
the north and east | 4 |
which position he held | 4 |
details of shelters and | 4 |
of the rail to | 4 |
rock on the new | 4 |
all rock center heading | 4 |
number of station lin | 4 |
passes out of rock | 4 |
i r r r | 4 |
r section u e | 4 |
concrete lining was put | 4 |
as soon as a | 4 |
unavoidable delays e average | 4 |
to be able to | 4 |
section u d g | 4 |
of d street and | 4 |
to lift the piston | 4 |
ring of permanent cast | 4 |
the time of its | 4 |
also a member of | 4 |
on a level with | 4 |
the streets and avenues | 4 |
part w unavoidable delays | 4 |
for the material in | 4 |
seem to indicate that | 4 |
there was a small | 4 |
of the hudson river | 4 |
up to the level | 4 |
r f e s | 4 |
full face of silt | 4 |
size of the gang | 4 |
r r f e | 4 |
and filled with concrete | 4 |
air t a p | 4 |
n n a n | 4 |
location and construction of | 4 |
the web of the | 4 |
o f r h | 4 |
east line of tenth | 4 |
cost of labor in | 4 |
in the filtered water | 4 |
in tunnels b and | 4 |
of the arch were | 4 |
not included in average | 4 |
west of tenth avenue | 4 |
table summary part ave | 4 |
b b f yd | 4 |
of the work the | 4 |
the rock and the | 4 |
of ninth avenue and | 4 |
as shown by figs | 4 |
h air t a | 4 |
and between eighth and | 4 |
r a m ring | 4 |
stages of the work | 4 |
a t o between | 4 |
a m r section | 4 |
to the west side | 4 |
of the angle of | 4 |
total items hrs min | 4 |
n n a r | 4 |
were set up on | 4 |
average time t i | 4 |
face of the heading | 4 |
twin tunnel a and | 4 |
the same general type | 4 |
a m ring f | 4 |
r method of l | 4 |
o t per yd | 4 |
the accuracy of the | 4 |
hydrostatic head at the | 4 |
included in average i | 4 |
excavation d g g | 4 |
the rail committee of | 4 |
stresses due to the | 4 |
by the new york | 4 |
east and west of | 4 |
lining of shield chambers | 4 |
were attached to the | 4 |
of the weight of | 4 |
was taken out in | 4 |
roof of the tunnel | 4 |
in which case the | 4 |
a capacity of about | 4 |
of new jersey and | 4 |
e excavation d g | 4 |
the final position of | 4 |
were located in the | 4 |
to be put in | 4 |
p e i and | 4 |
n rings h h | 4 |
rails of the heat | 4 |
earth and rock bottom | 4 |
and the amount of | 4 |
summary part w unavoidable | 4 |
was fitted with a | 4 |
iron lining of shield | 4 |
in in in in | 4 |
r section u d | 4 |
at the present time | 4 |
time t i no | 4 |
taken for the various | 4 |
part of this section | 4 |
it was possible to | 4 |
above the surface of | 4 |
over the top of | 4 |
o o t per | 4 |
was divided into two | 4 |
ring taken for the | 4 |
has taken place so | 4 |
toward the end of | 4 |
i o s h | 4 |
on the top of | 4 |
f r h l | 4 |
railway structure of the | 4 |
the writer has been | 4 |
rings h h h | 4 |
as much as possible | 4 |
of weight on drivers | 4 |
tunnels a and c | 4 |
of the face was | 4 |
the sand in the | 4 |
similar to those used | 4 |
views of tested timbers | 4 |
east side of th | 4 |
the concrete in the | 4 |
along the line of | 4 |
e p e o | 4 |
the question of the | 4 |
u e i i | 4 |
tunnels under the east | 4 |
he was elected a | 4 |
to provide for the | 4 |
of men i description | 4 |
care was taken to | 4 |
the working chamber was | 4 |
r o p s | 4 |
it was then decided | 4 |
o yards cubic mucking | 4 |
grout pipes were built | 4 |
u t t i | 4 |
by the tangent of | 4 |
i o per ring | 4 |
at th street and | 4 |
going out of rock | 4 |
was made up of | 4 |
was the same as | 4 |
tangent of the angle | 4 |
the part of the | 4 |
whole time e time | 4 |
excavating ahead of shield | 4 |
the stresses due to | 4 |
o s e i | 4 |
south end of the | 4 |
the lower face wall | 4 |
t e i l | 4 |
o p s i | 4 |
of the rapid transit | 4 |
across the hackensack meadows | 4 |
w unavoidable delays e | 4 |
through the several kinds | 4 |
spent by the whole | 4 |
flanges of the metal | 4 |
central railroad of new | 4 |
the load on the | 4 |
were put in place | 4 |
t r o r | 4 |
in the concrete lining | 4 |
the elevated railway columns | 4 |
g s l o | 4 |
on the north river | 4 |
the central railroad of | 4 |
m ring f c | 4 |
weight of the structure | 4 |
the amount of excavation | 4 |
a little below the | 4 |
to the outside of | 4 |
of the length of | 4 |
yards cubic mucking tion | 4 |
of rock on the | 4 |
and rock bottom heading | 4 |
to the north of | 4 |
placed in the bottom | 4 |
s i o s | 4 |
to the grade of | 4 |
and long island railroad | 4 |
work to be done | 4 |
rock going out of | 4 |
for a short distance | 4 |
it may be well | 4 |
south of d street | 4 |
east line of ninth | 4 |
i o r r | 4 |
a n rings h | 4 |
h average time t | 4 |
g i o r | 4 |
for use in the | 4 |
the new york station | 4 |
percentage of weight on | 4 |
was placed on the | 4 |
pipes were built in | 4 |
a level with the | 4 |
of water used in | 4 |
p d g i | 4 |
from which he was | 4 |
the greater portion of | 4 |
by the end of | 4 |
of west d street | 4 |
to the commencement of | 4 |
per ring taken for | 4 |
it is believed that | 4 |
on the under side | 4 |
ninth avenue elevated railway | 4 |
of sand and stone | 4 |
in building tunnel through | 4 |
cubic per and erec | 4 |
air lock bulkhead wall | 4 |
division of the pennsylvania | 4 |
with felt and pitch | 4 |
new york city by | 4 |
at the new york | 4 |
w of men e | 4 |
bolts after i ring | 4 |
records were kept of | 4 |
by the shield method | 4 |
by the tunnel company | 4 |
out of rock on | 4 |
the total quantity of | 4 |
work in tunnel a | 4 |
found to be about | 4 |
t i s i | 4 |
g i r r | 4 |
of the heat will | 4 |
e excavation a b | 4 |
of shelters and platforms | 4 |
elimination of grade crossings | 4 |
to the question of | 4 |
n per ring yard | 4 |
showing the size of | 4 |
of the trailing platform | 4 |
divided by the tangent | 4 |
to be taken out | 4 |
to the railroad company | 4 |
i and o k | 4 |
and the time per | 4 |
from the weehawken shaft | 4 |
were placed under the | 4 |
the temporary shoring girders | 4 |
an elevation of ft | 4 |
t o between length | 4 |
for the use of | 4 |
it will be noted | 4 |
the deck of the | 4 |
the east river gas | 4 |
e a n rings | 4 |
r a m drau | 4 |
york and long island | 4 |
a and b intermediate | 4 |
between eighth and ninth | 4 |
o r r r | 4 |
table showing the size | 4 |
place so as to | 4 |
may be well to | 4 |
e of men i | 4 |
was used as a | 4 |
s h l u | 4 |
e i and o | 4 |
from station to station | 4 |
the work in the | 4 |
i description in gang | 4 |
flow out of an | 4 |
e ing f g | 4 |
west of fifth avenue | 4 |
after i ring is | 4 |
shield could be shoved | 4 |
the average number of | 4 |
to the line of | 4 |
decrease to zero at | 4 |
e p e i | 4 |
e p e lic | 4 |
total length of the | 4 |
on the pumping main | 4 |
sized twin tunnel a | 4 |
to the present time | 4 |
of the same size | 4 |
the width of base | 4 |
p e o between | 4 |
time per t no | 4 |
ave a t air | 4 |
material e excavation a | 4 |
the retaining walls in | 4 |
the total cost of | 4 |
r r o p | 4 |
time for ring e | 4 |
description in gang g | 4 |
average time taken to | 4 |
which is utilized in | 4 |
after the concrete had | 4 |
the shield was being | 4 |
at the rear of | 4 |
a large proportion of | 4 |
of the meadows division | 4 |
cubic yard of excavation | 4 |
the joints between the | 4 |
the construction of these | 4 |
time on bolts after | 4 |
when the weight of | 4 |
all earth soft ground | 4 |
men e description in | 4 |
the invert of the | 4 |
the foot of west | 4 |
will be described under | 4 |
of the work to | 4 |
of all excavated material | 4 |
and from to ft | 4 |
the rock was very | 4 |
s i o f | 4 |
it may be said | 4 |
in such a way | 4 |
below the street surface | 4 |
d g i r | 4 |
the work to be | 4 |
east end of the | 4 |
of sand used in | 4 |
will be described later | 4 |
line of the track | 4 |
d g i o | 4 |
from the center of | 4 |
is given in table | 4 |
filled with sand and | 4 |
time spent by the | 4 |
the bridge over the | 4 |
rings e ing f | 4 |
t air d g | 4 |
the plane of repose | 4 |
iron and driving shield | 4 |
r r r f | 4 |
at each of the | 4 |
r e a n | 4 |
from time to time | 4 |
features of the work | 4 |
first air lock bulkhead | 4 |
section u e i | 4 |
some mooted questions in | 4 |
the shield was stopped | 4 |
below the level of | 4 |
table part w bolting | 4 |
and two on the | 4 |
for the new york | 4 |
as soon as it | 3 |
various classes of work | 3 |
the rate of from | 3 |
the distance piece and | 3 |
rock surface was broken | 3 |
of bed mortar equivalent | 3 |
from the east line | 3 |
advance of the shield | 3 |
involved the excavation of | 3 |
the pennsylvania railroad tunnels | 3 |
after the superimposed load | 3 |
the results of these | 3 |
bottom fell to the | 3 |
vehicular traffic was turned | 3 |
tunneling in compressed air | 3 |
fitted with sectional sliding | 3 |
due to the thrust | 3 |
to support the structure | 3 |
of the street surface | 3 |
of the contractor for | 3 |
and the shield was | 3 |
hoods and fixed extensions | 3 |
was thought that the | 3 |
as shown in table | 3 |
much the same manner | 3 |
of a number of | 3 |
a manner similar to | 3 |
to an average of | 3 |
and fixed extensions to | 3 |
felt and pitch water | 3 |
large quantity of water | 3 |
extended from station to | 3 |
the voids in the | 3 |
from the manhattan shaft | 3 |
shown on plate lxi | 3 |
top heading on the | 3 |
the rear wall of | 3 |
center of the city | 3 |
assistant chief engineer of | 3 |
proportionately to the depth | 3 |
acted as resident engineer | 3 |
interborough rapid transit company | 3 |
a drift was driven | 3 |
in tunnel a was | 3 |
retaining walls are a | 3 |
the full hydrostatic head | 3 |
per day of hours | 3 |
cost to the contractor | 3 |
walls are a maximum | 3 |
on the river front | 3 |
bisecting the angle between | 3 |
is impossible to say | 3 |
and the air pressure | 3 |
the use of compressed | 3 |
no arch action can | 3 |
at the tail of | 3 |
east of the cut | 3 |
the opening in the | 3 |
of damage done by | 3 |
hour after the superimposed | 3 |
material is composed of | 3 |
is believed that the | 3 |
the ordinary type of | 3 |
erecting the iron lining | 3 |
line from bonito creek | 3 |
would indicate that the | 3 |
the wall of the | 3 |
the pump chamber was | 3 |
j i o o | 3 |
be shown by the | 3 |
r e a r | 3 |
under the influence of | 3 |
westward from long island | 3 |
in each of the | 3 |
parts of the work | 3 |
received at the form | 3 |
brought up to the | 3 |
side of th ave | 3 |
and strata of newly | 3 |
done by blasting and | 3 |
entered the service of | 3 |
careful reading of the | 3 |
of the remainder of | 3 |
line of the bottom | 3 |
the work of construction | 3 |
fixed hoods and fixed | 3 |
of these girders were | 3 |
this section on account | 3 |
teamed to the shaft | 3 |
details of the work | 3 |
after the excavation was | 3 |
at the level of | 3 |
railroads reaching the west | 3 |
at intervals of ft | 3 |
in the single tunnels | 3 |
west shore of the | 3 |
was loaded by hand | 3 |
the d street shaft | 3 |
a short distance east | 3 |
the excavation was carried | 3 |
contractor for the cross | 3 |
the sections of the | 3 |
current for which was | 3 |
cleaned out and filled | 3 |
pressure at the top | 3 |
long island city shafts | 3 |
buried in the sand | 3 |
on account of damage | 3 |
were of the same | 3 |
the development of this | 3 |
a rated capacity of | 3 |
length of time required | 3 |
of the way of | 3 |
permit the placing of | 3 |
outside circumference of the | 3 |
line of st street | 3 |
manhattan and long island | 3 |
the performance of the | 3 |
section was removed on | 3 |
d and th streets | 3 |
between sixth and seventh | 3 |
were tied together by | 3 |
of the lehigh valley | 3 |
were made of the | 3 |
came out of the | 3 |
the pressure due to | 3 |
the collapse of the | 3 |
to support the roof | 3 |
where the roof was | 3 |
the central portion of | 3 |
character of the stresses | 3 |
the tunnel passes out | 3 |
the thickness of key | 3 |
of the excavation had | 3 |
the box with his | 3 |
duct bench concrete was | 3 |
the stability of the | 3 |
of the twin tunnel | 3 |
material trestle over n | 3 |
with regard to the | 3 |
displaced by the tunnel | 3 |
in a previous paper | 3 |
receipt and unloading of | 3 |
into the shield and | 3 |
it would have had | 3 |
the west shore of | 3 |
the new england states | 3 |
the iron and the | 3 |
than those at the | 3 |
part of the new | 3 |
west of sixth avenue | 3 |
the passage of the | 3 |
as that of the | 3 |
carried down to the | 3 |
average time taken for | 3 |
when it was found | 3 |
of the test pieces | 3 |
as it was desirable | 3 |
the tunnel of the | 3 |
multiplying the figure for | 3 |
top of the arch | 3 |
distance piece and key | 3 |
yards of bed mortar | 3 |
the rapid transit subway | 3 |
was mixed in a | 3 |
was more than ft | 3 |
the long island side | 3 |
flanges of the iron | 3 |
site of the terminal | 3 |
excavation had been taken | 3 |
girders c in place | 3 |
cement per cubic yard | 3 |
was for labor and | 3 |
in a manner similar | 3 |
elevations were taken on | 3 |
of the avenue were | 3 |
to connect with the | 3 |
the pressure in the | 3 |
as will be seen | 3 |
was a small gang | 3 |
the length of a | 3 |
in the tunnels during | 3 |
removal of a plate | 3 |
top of the hill | 3 |
sixth and seventh avenues | 3 |
some of the exposed | 3 |
was with the new | 3 |
be made for the | 3 |
under the same conditions | 3 |
full width of the | 3 |
the fact that in | 3 |
it was thought best | 3 |
in the upper part | 3 |
to a uniform thickness | 3 |
sand used in any | 3 |
of a few feet | 3 |
the work in soft | 3 |
served as chief engineer | 3 |
due to the water | 3 |
in tunnels c and | 3 |
in much the same | 3 |
the other end of | 3 |
in contact with it | 3 |
the location and construction | 3 |
the stone and sand | 3 |
base of the retaining | 3 |
east of the east | 3 |
and rock center heading | 3 |
center line of d | 3 |
is likely to be | 3 |
this section was removed | 3 |
test pieces shall be | 3 |
in the north river | 3 |
first chutes in operation | 3 |
and the north river | 3 |
he does not believe | 3 |
in the streets and | 3 |
the pier at the | 3 |
a water pressure of | 3 |
in loading material from | 3 |
out of the way | 3 |
blasting and was replaced | 3 |
the under side of | 3 |
new york division tracks | 3 |
tunnel in d street | 3 |
through holes in the | 3 |
the meeting of may | 3 |
was also a member | 3 |
should be noted that | 3 |
and the remainder of | 3 |
of seventh avenue to | 3 |
of the most important | 3 |
showing rock excavation and | 3 |
it was determined to | 3 |
the piston was plunged | 3 |
total average cost per | 3 |
meeting of may th | 3 |
was necessary to have | 3 |
the layers of clay | 3 |
the ground at the | 3 |
from the terminal station | 3 |
ring f c a | 3 |
barrels of cement per | 3 |
carried up to a | 3 |
reference type of lining | 3 |
the tunnels were under | 3 |
tunnels could be made | 3 |
cables attached to rods | 3 |
in the paper by | 3 |
the south edge of | 3 |
under the head of | 3 |
to the hackensack portal | 3 |
the name of the | 3 |
was done at the | 3 |
use of compressed air | 3 |
earth and rock going | 3 |
progress of the work | 3 |
was let to the | 3 |
the top of each | 3 |
would seem to indicate | 3 |
in the rock at | 3 |
the hoppers of the | 3 |
in the original design | 3 |
of the shield chambers | 3 |
bottom of the river | 3 |
of the holes were | 3 |
a junction with the | 3 |
in the weehawken shaft | 3 |
position of the tunnel | 3 |
in tunnels a and | 3 |
engineer on the construction | 3 |
which will be described | 3 |
leading through the wall | 3 |
provision was made for | 3 |
the space between it | 3 |
the average quantity of | 3 |
on the south edge | 3 |
full face of sand | 3 |
from the long island | 3 |
to see that the | 3 |
long island railroad to | 3 |
passengers to and from | 3 |
could be taken out | 3 |
cubic yard of concrete | 3 |
method is shown by | 3 |
was about as follows | 3 |
the lowest point of | 3 |
bearing power of soil | 3 |
transactions of the american | 3 |
in this case the | 3 |
the concrete and the | 3 |
the tunnel to be | 3 |
at eleventh avenue and | 3 |
then put in place | 3 |
from bonito creek to | 3 |
whole height of the | 3 |
bottom of the hole | 3 |
of the center of | 3 |
and location of the | 3 |
the average force employed | 3 |
y r n o | 3 |
was graduated from the | 3 |
was necessary to support | 3 |
of all materials except | 3 |
map of manhattan island | 3 |
side of the east | 3 |
mixed rock cut feb | 3 |
at the form in | 3 |
the tunnels near the | 3 |
by to square partially | 3 |
per day general foreman | 3 |
hoods and sliding extensions | 3 |
the whole height of | 3 |
the boundary line between | 3 |
new york city railway | 3 |
of timbering face in | 3 |
the lines and grades | 3 |
in the new york | 3 |
posts were placed under | 3 |
the next fifteen years | 3 |
the point at which | 3 |
of the rock surface | 3 |
of concrete lining of | 3 |
in the pumping main | 3 |
the upper deck of | 3 |
front of the bulkhead | 3 |
of the work it | 3 |
the toe of the | 3 |
was placed at the | 3 |
arch thrust is greater | 3 |
per cubic run of | 3 |
top of the sand | 3 |
of the structure was | 3 |
at each side of | 3 |
at e in hours | 3 |
in diameter and in | 3 |
rock and earth r | 3 |
inner edges of the | 3 |
height from to ft | 3 |
of this section was | 3 |
to a junction with | 3 |
a top heading on | 3 |
had been put in | 3 |
of pressure due to | 3 |
given in succeeding papers | 3 |
the control of the | 3 |
of the line and | 3 |
near the middle of | 3 |
cement used for bed | 3 |
it does not seem | 3 |
the iron lining was | 3 |
this is due to | 3 |
the excavation from the | 3 |
rail and locking device | 3 |
was sent to the | 3 |
the concrete was finished | 3 |
in the circumferential flanges | 3 |
new jersey and the | 3 |
by the pressure on | 3 |
of the elevated railway | 3 |
have been described in | 3 |
was evident that the | 3 |
long island railroad station | 3 |
general features of the | 3 |
for the full width | 3 |
were used on the | 3 |
intrados of the arch | 3 |
for in the specifications | 3 |
similar to that described | 3 |
the extent of the | 3 |
a r section u | 3 |
the harrison transfer yard | 3 |
shore of the north | 3 |
through the soft ground | 3 |
pressure required to lift | 3 |
on a timber trestle | 3 |
the service of the | 3 |
the office of the | 3 |
definite thickness of key | 3 |
ejected through the iron | 3 |
the average amount of | 3 |
to the thrust of | 3 |
on a small scale | 3 |
on the part of | 3 |
grouted into the rock | 3 |
of part earth and | 3 |
this was being done | 3 |
the work was undertaken | 3 |
the interior surface of | 3 |
the interborough rapid transit | 3 |
strata of newly excavated | 3 |
cubic yards of concrete | 3 |
in the erection of | 3 |
for the rest of | 3 |
organization of the engineering | 3 |
from there to the | 3 |
e f g h | 3 |
board of estimate and | 3 |
was placed over the | 3 |
of the rail of | 3 |
sides of the trench | 3 |
whole length of the | 3 |
the metal lining is | 3 |
to a point where | 3 |
of the bench and | 3 |
of the tunnel at | 3 |
tunnel of the hudson | 3 |
was carried up to | 3 |
tunnel passes out of | 3 |
to the difficulty of | 3 |
were removed and the | 3 |
chief engineer for the | 3 |
and this was done | 3 |
position he held until | 3 |
was removed on account | 3 |
the concrete was received | 3 |
for the east river | 3 |
of the concrete and | 3 |
the presence of the | 3 |
it is found that | 3 |
the exception of those | 3 |
a square foot of | 3 |
on a square foot | 3 |
constructed under the direction | 3 |
upper deck of the | 3 |
and the girders c | 3 |
be given by the | 3 |
were kept of the | 3 |
is well known that | 3 |
hudson and manhattan tunnels | 3 |
the case of those | 3 |
tunnel excavation under d | 3 |
for the length of | 3 |
the new york district | 3 |
the construction of bridges | 3 |
of the base of | 3 |
order to place the | 3 |
the board of rapid | 3 |
material in the area | 3 |
south by to square | 3 |
at top and bottom | 3 |
this section of the | 3 |
independently of the water | 3 |
that one of the | 3 |
to give access to | 3 |
on a basis of | 3 |
the design of permanent | 3 |
with his foot sufficiently | 3 |
the forms were removed | 3 |
long island railroad and | 3 |
the results of the | 3 |
the different kinds of | 3 |
it was not possible | 3 |
the structure while the | 3 |
so far as the | 3 |
two on the south | 3 |
on opposite sides of | 3 |
it be assumed that | 3 |
into the undisturbed material | 3 |
on the terminal station | 3 |
cubic yards of bed | 3 |
north of d street | 3 |
for a depth of | 3 |
is a view of | 3 |
one of one of | 3 |
the board of aldermen | 3 |
were placed against the | 3 |
the action of the | 3 |
to get a good | 3 |
having a rated capacity | 3 |
at the junction of | 3 |
were filled with water | 3 |
the joints of the | 3 |
by the united engineering | 3 |
the holes were drilled | 3 |
of the shield in | 3 |
east house line of | 3 |
were left in place | 3 |
be noted that this | 3 |
superimposed load had been | 3 |
yards of sand used | 3 |
commissioners of the city | 3 |
thrust is greater in | 3 |
and in the tunnel | 3 |
by four drills mounted | 3 |
on a grade of | 3 |
an hour after the | 3 |
out of the sand | 3 |
and the weight of | 3 |
portland cement and sand | 3 |
at from to lb | 3 |
rear end of the | 3 |
e j i o | 3 |
west of the west | 3 |
of the ordinary type | 3 |
in case of a | 3 |
been made to the | 3 |
that this is not | 3 |
allowing the piston to | 3 |
for the first ten | 3 |
while the shield was | 3 |
the form had been | 3 |
was replaced by a | 3 |
to full width and | 3 |
was the original intention | 3 |
the figures for that | 3 |
was furnished by the | 3 |
top and decrease to | 3 |
the face at the | 3 |
has been given to | 3 |
of that portion of | 3 |
under the ends of | 3 |
of the water in | 3 |
not in contact with | 3 |
by multiplying the figure | 3 |
maximum at the top | 3 |
and through new york | 3 |
the depth of the | 3 |
the execution of this | 3 |
the spaces between the | 3 |
middle of the tunnel | 3 |
the reaction from the | 3 |
the concrete was placed | 3 |
the flatbush avenue terminal | 3 |
may be stated that | 3 |
once collapsed and the | 3 |
excavation and iron lining | 3 |
and braced from the | 3 |
per foot per bent | 3 |
the quantity of air | 3 |
due to the weight | 3 |
is not to be | 3 |
the distance of the | 3 |
to the elevation of | 3 |
the surface and in | 3 |
is assumed to be | 3 |
each of the five | 3 |
looking north from st | 3 |
four or five times | 3 |
chief engineer of electric | 3 |
tunnels are shown on | 3 |
placing of the lining | 3 |
the disposal of material | 3 |
sum of the figures | 3 |
stone used in any | 3 |
showing first chutes in | 3 |
a maximum at the | 3 |
at the elevation of | 3 |
by the contractor for | 3 |
one of which was | 3 |
floors of the working | 3 |
the sewers in the | 3 |
any of the material | 3 |
that there is no | 3 |
retaining wall was built | 3 |
that some of the | 3 |
on the lehigh valley | 3 |
per day per shield | 3 |
when the excavation had | 3 |
shield was about tons | 3 |
of the exposed sand | 3 |
similar to the one | 3 |
yard tunnel center to | 3 |
height from the top | 3 |
dislodge some of the | 3 |
pair of bore segments | 3 |
manhattan gas light company | 3 |
would have been a | 3 |
be approved by the | 3 |
earth and rock center | 3 |
a connection with the | 3 |
to indicate that the | 3 |
and decrease to zero | 3 |
it appears to be | 3 |
to the west line | 3 |
in the presence of | 3 |
and the cost of | 3 |
the construction and operation | 3 |
of the manhattan gas | 3 |
the heat will be | 3 |
the quality of the | 3 |
at the base of | 3 |
new york city in | 3 |
water and gas pipes | 3 |
railroad commissioners of the | 3 |
floor of the trailing | 3 |
was in charge of | 3 |
in order to permit | 3 |
to the terminal station | 3 |
this was done in | 3 |
which had been driven | 3 |
were placed in the | 3 |
short distance east of | 3 |
that of the author | 3 |
iron tunnel lining was | 3 |
lines of the tunnels | 3 |
at the other end | 3 |
with sectional sliding hoods | 3 |
doubt that the top | 3 |
he designed and built | 3 |
railroad of two tracks | 3 |
drills mounted on two | 3 |
the air pressure in | 3 |
in the office of | 3 |
to take up the | 3 |
to the height of | 3 |
damage done in loading | 3 |
years ago the writer | 3 |
the writer does not | 3 |
the arch was built | 3 |
in the development of | 3 |
and dumped into the | 3 |
by means of the | 3 |
of the tunnel passes | 3 |
the manhattan gas light | 3 |
varying in thickness from | 3 |
average force per shift | 3 |
northern railroad of new | 3 |
before the concrete was | 3 |
to the center of | 3 |
to and from the | 3 |
in order to place | 3 |
the arch at once | 3 |
in the north tunnel | 3 |
to act as a | 3 |
was to be excavated | 3 |
to the rock and | 3 |
c d e f | 3 |
side of the caisson | 3 |
division and harrison transfer | 3 |
filled with water and | 3 |
of the duct bench | 3 |
the rear end of | 3 |
that there would be | 3 |
the inner edges of | 3 |
and in which the | 3 |
of the permanent steel | 3 |
of the lining was | 3 |
that the work was | 3 |
about equal to the | 3 |
method of timbering face | 3 |
the church of st | 3 |
diameter of the tunnel | 3 |
section of the line | 3 |
a typical working gang | 3 |
rock bottom heading feb | 3 |
k r e a | 3 |
of the wall at | 3 |
features of the project | 3 |
for telephone and telegraph | 3 |
avenue to the east | 3 |
section r s y | 3 |
of the erie railroad | 3 |
distance east of the | 3 |
the segments of the | 3 |
the locations of the | 3 |
soon as the shield | 3 |
his foot sufficiently to | 3 |
jostled the box with | 3 |
the top timbers are | 3 |
as fast as it | 3 |
the long island shaft | 3 |
were placed on the | 3 |
at a temperature of | 3 |
the center lines of | 3 |
was appointed chief engineer | 3 |
cost of labor and | 3 |
east of the shaft | 3 |
north and two on | 3 |
made it impossible to | 3 |
yards of concrete in | 3 |
reaction from the superstructure | 3 |
and the bottom fell | 3 |
the pile was to | 3 |
section in column by | 3 |
the tunnels at the | 3 |
were used at each | 3 |
through new york city | 3 |
the path of the | 3 |
of brooklyn and queens | 3 |
n o between muck | 3 |
at the outside circumference | 3 |
the point of view | 3 |
the construction of this | 3 |
would not have been | 3 |
west side of ninth | 3 |
while those on the | 3 |
below the bottom of | 3 |
proved to be the | 3 |
down to the level | 3 |
at least of the | 3 |
to be the most | 3 |
done in loading material | 3 |
this portion of the | 3 |
was of the standard | 3 |
in a structure of | 3 |
per month assistant tunnel | 3 |
the plans for the | 3 |
foot of the hill | 3 |
from tenth avenue to | 3 |
mooted questions in reinforced | 3 |
weight of the cast | 3 |
the commencement of the | 3 |
work between ninth and | 3 |
arch at once collapsed | 3 |
that the sand was | 3 |
great care was taken | 3 |
the cutting edge and | 3 |
where there was a | 3 |
walls were built in | 3 |
this is shown on | 3 |
the bottom fell to | 3 |
of the wall to | 3 |
was placed under contract | 3 |
of any of the | 3 |
the opening of the | 3 |
shape of the tunnel | 3 |
east river to the | 3 |
railroad company and the | 3 |
the skin friction on | 3 |
of cement per cubic | 3 |
as to the question | 3 |
of the church of | 3 |
in order to obtain | 3 |
the concrete was deposited | 3 |
the shields in tunnels | 3 |
the rate of grade | 3 |
it may be stated | 3 |
by blasting and was | 3 |
at each end of | 3 |
be noted that the | 3 |
and in such a | 3 |
pressure on the bottom | 3 |
face of the rock | 3 |
the pressure at the | 3 |
forms were to be | 3 |
mounted on two columns | 3 |
rock tunnel excavation under | 3 |
the flow of water | 3 |
of ninth avenue was | 3 |
weight of the water | 3 |
and the placing of | 3 |
four drills mounted on | 3 |
was decided to adopt | 3 |
for an angle of | 3 |
underpinning of ninth avenue | 3 |
side of the pier | 3 |
hrs min hrs min | 3 |
top of the bridge | 3 |
of supporting elevated railway | 3 |
in a vertical position | 3 |
writer jostled the box | 3 |
of newly excavated banks | 3 |
excavation had been done | 3 |
it was soon found | 3 |
the sum of the | 3 |
concrete lining of shield | 3 |
the retaining wall was | 3 |
not more than ft | 3 |
pressures against retaining walls | 3 |
angles to the center | 3 |
of each pair of | 3 |
from the time of | 3 |
that used on the | 3 |
the various parts of | 3 |
after the forms were | 3 |
be at least ft | 3 |
yards of crushed stone | 3 |
solution of the problem | 3 |
in hours and min | 3 |
the southern pacific railroad | 3 |
a railroad of two | 3 |
tunnel for a distance | 3 |
on the meadows division | 3 |
heavily than those at | 3 |
order to permit the | 3 |
the rock was of | 3 |
external diameter of the | 3 |
this made it necessary | 3 |
heading had been driven | 3 |
and was replaced by | 3 |
the distance between the | 3 |
against retaining walls are | 3 |
board of rapid transit | 3 |
and the new york | 3 |
lift rail and locking | 3 |
in front of it | 3 |
twice as great as | 3 |
load had been removed | 3 |
may be taken as | 3 |
edge of the pier | 3 |
reading of the paper | 3 |
was thought best to | 3 |
between the first and | 3 |
uniform thickness of in | 3 |
from east of seventh | 3 |
the shape of the | 3 |
to be set up | 3 |
a bottom heading was | 3 |
the arch thrust is | 3 |
of the southern pacific | 3 |
and for this reason | 3 |
d street shaft was | 3 |
out and filled with | 3 |
of the distance piece | 3 |
th street and north | 3 |
bay ridge tunnel sewer | 3 |
are stressed more heavily | 3 |
rapid transit railroad commissioners | 3 |
of the figures for | 3 |
area at track level | 3 |
they are of the | 3 |
the south end of | 3 |
surface was broken through | 3 |
c a e e | 3 |
on completion of the | 3 |
of one of one | 3 |
be attached to the | 3 |
was constructed under the | 3 |
and o k r | 3 |
a uniform thickness of | 3 |
sectional sliding hoods and | 3 |
in d street and | 3 |
had to be supported | 3 |
and it may be | 3 |
at the harrison transfer | 3 |
portion of the line | 3 |
d e f g | 3 |
a way that the | 3 |
of the land tunnel | 3 |
at the pier head | 3 |
o k r e | 3 |
appointed chief engineer of | 3 |
the iron lining in | 3 |
section of the concrete | 3 |
for the same reason | 3 |
all materials except rock | 3 |
the barrel of the | 3 |
s y r n | 3 |
end of the division | 3 |
of sand and gravel | 3 |
point at which the | 3 |
be of interest to | 3 |
the inside diameter of | 3 |
account of damage done | 3 |
fell to the ground | 3 |
of river bulkhead wall | 3 |
in the same way | 3 |
portion of the south | 3 |
for the first period | 3 |
tunnels of the hudson | 3 |
and rock going out | 3 |
on the surface at | 3 |
lining of the tunnel | 3 |
between the rock and | 3 |
the dimensions of the | 3 |
when the air pressure | 3 |
section of concrete lining | 3 |
one on each side | 3 |
for the river tunnels | 3 |
elevation of the tunnel | 3 |
south edge of the | 3 |
across the east river | 3 |
the tunnels east of | 3 |
of the two tunnels | 3 |
full width and bench | 3 |
rubble masonry retaining wall | 3 |
d b b f | 3 |
the excavation for and | 3 |
length of the section | 3 |
was received at the | 3 |
the writer jostled the | 3 |
for the support of | 3 |
b c d e | 3 |
month assistant tunnel superintendent | 3 |
in the manner described | 3 |
and operation of the | 3 |
line of the tunnel | 3 |
concrete lining was placed | 3 |
cubic yards of facing | 3 |
beginning of the train | 3 |
about an hour after | 3 |
there was a middle | 3 |
concrete was put in | 3 |
at the north shaft | 3 |
the bank of ducts | 3 |
and on the weehawken | 3 |
more heavily than those | 3 |
provision had to be | 3 |
masonry retaining wall was | 3 |
sand and gravel were | 3 |
the method of construction | 3 |
order to allow the | 3 |
the tunnels from the | 3 |
i r o cu | 3 |
a i r r | 3 |
sliding hoods and sliding | 3 |
and parallel to the | 3 |
up to the present | 3 |
the condition of the | 3 |
cubic yards of sand | 3 |
at once collapsed and | 3 |
and profile of the | 3 |
office and plant depreciation | 3 |
were located so that | 3 |
central portion of the | 3 |
of the tunnels under | 3 |
this proved to be | 3 |
rock center heading mar | 3 |
allowed to stand for | 3 |
lowest point of the | 3 |
built up to the | 3 |
invert of the tunnel | 3 |
that would have been | 3 |
the work on the | 3 |
the side toward the | 3 |
it was not thought | 3 |
length of about ft | 3 |
of the tunnel to | 3 |
damage done by blasting | 3 |
first pair of bore | 3 |
the pressure of water | 3 |
all the work was | 3 |
sliding extensions to the | 3 |
south of the south | 3 |
memoir prepared by w | 3 |
above the bottom of | 3 |
but it was finally | 3 |
boroughs of brooklyn and | 3 |
a certain quantity of | 3 |
each of the four | 3 |
the concrete was dumped | 3 |
under the long island | 3 |
shown by the fact | 3 |
yards of embedded stone | 3 |
the north river to | 3 |
and chief engineer of | 3 |
the portions of thirty | 3 |
between coyote and corona | 3 |
of estimate and apportionment | 3 |
newark and jersey city | 3 |
after the form had | 3 |
was made with the | 3 |
opposite sides of the | 3 |
tunnels of the pennsylvania | 3 |
by the city of | 3 |
brought into the tunnel | 3 |
in the ordinary manner | 3 |
for the most part | 3 |
the roof and sides | 3 |
water used in the | 3 |
at the th street | 3 |
had been taken out | 3 |
leading end of the | 3 |
west line of fifth | 3 |
gas and water mains | 3 |
at the commencement of | 3 |
removed on account of | 3 |
the board of estimate | 3 |
edges of the flanges | 3 |
an attempt was made | 3 |
the doors of the | 3 |
of this section on | 3 |
was divided into three | 3 |
cubic yards of embedded | 3 |
the caisson was lowered | 3 |
the upper end of | 3 |
per cubic foot of | 3 |
was connected with the | 3 |
tunnels under ninth avenue | 3 |
of the same rate | 3 |
the muck from the | 3 |
center to excavation center | 3 |
owing to the difficulty | 3 |
execution of the project | 3 |
brace and francis mason | 3 |
through the soft material | 3 |
by a general electric | 3 |
east of the long | 3 |
will be given in | 3 |
the average length of | 3 |
remainder of the excavation | 3 |
the top and decrease | 3 |
shown on plate xxx | 3 |
the joints in the | 3 |
a structure of this | 3 |
and the rock to | 3 |
of the work is | 3 |
with fixed hoods and | 3 |
were taken to the | 3 |
in each tunnel where | 3 |
design of permanent structures | 3 |
shall be free from | 3 |
the writer believes the | 3 |
pressure on the face | 3 |
the lining of the | 3 |
at the weehawken shaft | 3 |
which it was dumped | 3 |
there can be no | 3 |
turned over to the | 3 |
the concrete was mixed | 3 |
pennsylvania tunnel terminal r | 3 |
and west of the | 3 |
taken out of the | 3 |
was worked by a | 3 |
he was also a | 3 |
the outside circumference of | 3 |
end of the period | 3 |
problems similar to the | 3 |
tunnel center to excavation | 3 |
it is well known | 3 |
the bed of the | 3 |
the lower end of | 3 |
slopes and strata of | 3 |
passenger and freight traffic | 3 |
new york side and | 3 |
and harrison transfer yard | 3 |
the superstructure was erected | 3 |
far as the writer | 3 |
the plane of the | 3 |
within the terminal area | 3 |
as a further precaution | 3 |
the figure for that | 3 |
normal slopes and strata | 3 |
beyond the limits of | 3 |
of interest to note | 3 |
the original intention to | 3 |
linear foot of tunnel | 3 |
the intrados of the | 3 |
line of fifth avenue | 3 |
excessive loss of air | 3 |
but it should be | 3 |
and it was thought | 3 |
weight on drivers which | 3 |
of facing mortar equivalent | 3 |
of the sewers in | 3 |
the hackensack river draw | 3 |
a top heading was | 3 |
box with his foot | 3 |
that it would have | 3 |
part of the tunnel | 3 |
city station of the | 3 |
a large portion of | 3 |
the pressure required to | 3 |
it had to be | 3 |
jacobus van der hoek | 3 |
sides of the viaduct | 3 |
various parts of the | 3 |
of the requirements of | 3 |
chief office and plant | 3 |
stop and release valve | 3 |