Distant Reader - subject-bishops-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 23 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,878,953 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 81,693 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, bishop, bishops, king, one, great, will, god, men, many, may, much, yet, time, good, first, made, man, pope, england, now, shall, also, de, christ, us, religion, lord, well, might, without, power, people, see, onely, make, must, council, ministers, non, therefore, say, others, arch, two, either, like, christian, true, though

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Hiera dakrya, Ecclesiae anglicanae suspiria, The tears, sighs, complaints, and prayers of the Church of England setting forth her former constitution, compared with her present condition : also the visible causes and probable cures of her distempers : in IV books / by John Gauden ..., The antipathie of the English lordly prelacie, both to regall monarchy, and civill unity: or, An historicall collection of the severall execrable treasons, conspiracies, rebellions, seditions, state-schismes, contumacies, oppressions, & anti-monarchicall practices, of our English, Brittish, French, Scottish, & Irish lordly prelates, against our kings, kingdomes, laws, liberties; and of the severall warres, and civill dissentions occasioned by them in, or against our realm, in former and latter ages Together with the judgement of our owne ancient writers, & most judicious authors, touching the pretended divine jurisdiction, the calling, lordlinesse, temporalities, wealth, secular imployments, trayterous practises, unprofitablenesse, and mischievousnesse of lordly prelates, both to King, state, Church; with an answer to the chiefe objections made for the divinity, or continuance of their lordly function. The first part. By William Prynne, late (and now againe) an utter-barester of Lincolnes Inne., and Church-history of the government of bishops and their councils abbreviated including the chief part of the government of Christian princes and popes, and a true account of the most troubling controversies and heresies till the Reformation ... / by Richard Baxter ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

james usher, reverend james, roman non, king henry, reformed religion, king edward, usher arch, right reverend, tells us, catholick church, true religion, lord primate, christian religion, jesus christ, must needs, general council, gods word, good men, let us, one another, common people, set forth, long time, holy ghost, cathedrall church, tell us, every one, take away, english books, early english, taken away, many things, king richard, whole church, consecrate bishop, good christians, french king, books online, every man, christian world, many times, may see, reformed church, king iohn, fox acts, primitive church, wise men, first bishop, arch bishop, saint andrewes

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The life of the Most Reverend Father in God, James Usher, late Lord Arch-Bishop of Armagh, primate and metropolitan of all Ireland with a Collection of three hundred letters between the said Lord Primate and most of the eminentest persons for piety and learning in his time ... / collected and published from original copies under their own hands, by Richard Parr ... A nevv discovery of old pontificall practises for the maintenance of the prelates authority and hierarchy. Evinced by their tyranicall persecution of that reverend, learned, pious, and worthy minister in Jesus Christ, Mr. John Udall, in the raigne of Queene Elizabeth. To give satisfaction to all those that blindely endeavour to uphold episcopall government, that their lordly rule in the purest times of the said queene, is the very same with that they have exercised ever since, even to these times. Together with the prelates devises to make him submit, and to subscribe to submissions of their own contriving and invention. And also King James his letter out of Scotland to the queene, in the behalfe of Mr. Vdall and all other persecuted ministers in her realme., and Reasons of the House of Commons why Bishops ought not to have votes in Parliament..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, king, lord, bishops, god, law, england, tcp, clergy, christian, canons, bishop, authority, arch, state, roman, religion, presbyters, power, parliament, ministers, majesty, london, christ, prince, prelates, people, office, iohn, henry, government, gospel, father, english, doctrine, doctor, council, churches, catholick, world, word, william, thomas, text, synod, pope, papists, order, majesties, laws

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and A catalogue of the bishops of England, since the first planting of Christian religion in this island together with a briefe history of their liues and memorable actions, so neere as can be gathered out of antiquity. By F.G. subdeane of Exceter. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, time, man, p., people, others, power, things, king, bishops, part, place, religion, church, way, kings, ad, order, day, nothing, thing, words, death, times, letter, hath, reason, years, world, life, name, self, cause, authority, matter, none, hands, grace, ministers, author, hee, persons, peace, work, word, lordship, body, mens, churches, honour

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, was, is, have, were, are, had, being, did, made, do, been, make, said, say, see, take, called, set, done, know, give, come, put, taken, let, sent, having, came, thought, found, died, think, find, am, according, received, 〈, brought, given, vnto, used, hath, learned, read, left, concerning, buried, held, gave

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, church, bishop, bishops, god, king, pope, england, christ, lord, c., ●, d., council, de, arch, a., mr., rome, hath, l., archbishop, ministers, iohn, christian, christians, churches, religion, clergy, henry, prelates, canterbury, london, james, yea, est, law, st., authority, reverend, popes, william, parliament, saint, presbyters, usher, gods, lords

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, he, it, they, their, i, them, him, you, our, your, we, my, me, us, themselves, her, himself, its, she, thy, thee, theirs, one, ours, mine, yours, vp, itself, ye, whereof, vnto, ●, myself, vvhat, there, s, iu, hee, diu, ''s, †, whosoever, non, hers, yeere, yee, quo, ourselves, imself

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, great, such, many, good, same, more, own, first, much, true, most, new, last, whole, little, holy, old, present, common, non, best, least, former, better, christian, ancient, publick, worthy, roman, able, wise, particular, late, very, second, few, greater, private, long, saith, -, next, high, necessary, greatest, full, excellent, due, like

not, so, then, now, very, also, as, more, most, well, much, onely, yet, up, therefore, there, thus, never, ever, here, even, only, out, first, too, rather, long, far, still, together, away, indeed, in, once, no, before, especially, again, all, down, almost, otherwise, off, over, thereof, forth, else, that, is, further

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.