quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram	frequency
complete genome sequence of	99
of the human genome	61
genome sequence of the	56
in the case of	38
draft genome sequence of	37
as well as the	37
genome sequence of a	34
severe acute respiratory syndrome	33
as a result of	33
in the human genome	32
the human genome project	28
the genome sequence of	28
on the basis of	27
on the other hand	26
a large number of	25
can be used to	24
in the absence of	24
the genome of the	22
in addition to the	22
an important role in	21
in the context of	21
human immunodeficiency virus type	21
it is possible to	19
the complete genome sequence	19
complete genome sequences of	19
the size of the	18
in the united states	18
one of the most	18
into the host genome	17
in the presence of	17
at the same time	17
of the viral genome	17
in the genome of	17
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	15
for the development of	15
is one of the	15
the human genome and	15
the causative agent of	14
internal ribosomal entry site	14
it is important to	14
in the course of	14
national center for biotechnology	14
at the level of	13
of the genome of	13
the presence of a	13
the national center for	13
a wide range of	13
center for biotechnology information	13
a wide variety of	12
of the genome sequence	12
for the first time	12
the end of the	12
it is likely that	12
it should be noted	12
sequence of a novel	12
the number of genes	12
complete nucleotide sequence of	12
in the form of	11
it is possible that	11
in the field of	11
size of the insert	11
porcine reproductive and respiratory	11
reproductive and respiratory syndrome	11
the nature of the	10
the presence of the	10
should be noted that	10
in vitro and in	10
at the time of	10
for each of the	10
evolution of rna viruses	10
it is not clear	10
on the surface of	10
the development of a	10
vitro and in vivo	10
play a role in	10
the high mutation rate	10
in the number of	10
of quantitative trait loci	10
the context of the	10
play an important role	10
the formation of a	10
the rate at which	9
of the genome and	9
to the presence of	9
in contrast to the	9
china complete genome sequence	9
important role in the	9
local alignment search tool	9
of the poliovirus genome	9
the vast majority of	9
dna and rna viruses	9
in the development of	9
is the number of	9
has been shown to	9
to the development of	9
the fact that the	9
the diversity of the	9
the stability of inserted	9
in the consensus sequence	9
sequence of the human	9
the basis of the	9
the beginning of the	9
the development of new	9
has the potential to	9
in the near future	9
basic local alignment search	9
of mutations in the	9
in the formation of	9
human genome research institute	8
text text text text	8
and pan subsp pertenue	8
have been developed to	8
the majority of the	8
the frequency of the	8
and respiratory syndrome virus	8
genome sequence of an	8
has been shown that	8
of a foreign gene	8
to be involved in	8
surrounded by an envelope	8
the identification of the	8
the mechanism by which	8
the evolution of rna	8
of the influenza virus	8
round primers lpw lpw	8
of severe acute respiratory	8
is based on the	8
it has been shown	8
middle east respiratory syndrome	8
nucleotide sequence of the	8
sequencing the human genome	8
structure and function of	8
for the evolution of	8
bovine viral diarrhea virus	8
of hepatitis c virus	8
a result of the	8
of ancient pathogen genomes	8
to the human genome	8
the level of the	8
national human genome research	8
stability of inserted sequences	8
can also be used	8
the genetic basis of	8
the complexity of the	8
plays an important role	8
of an rna virus	8
as shown in figure	8
the evolutionary history of	8
for the discovery of	7
the national institutes of	7
the course of evolution	7
and analysis of the	7
were found to be	7
of high mutation rates	7
that most of the	7
and the development of	7
has led to the	7
amino acid substitutions in	7
and the ability to	7
regions of the genome	7
is present in the	7
of complete genome sequences	7
the national human genome	7
by the number of	7
the genome of a	7
it has been proposed	7
be found in the	7
genome sequence of mycobacterium	7
in the identification of	7
it is interesting to	7
of the genomes of	7
in the genomes of	7
due to the presence	7
to the evolution of	7
are likely to be	7
text text texttext text	7
have the potential to	7
relative abundance and relative	7
avian infectious bronchitis virus	7
the surface of the	7
the case of the	7
national institutes of health	7
on the one hand	7
sequence of the rice	7
the human genome was	7
the structure of the	7
analysis of the human	7
has been proposed that	7
can be used for	7
our understanding of the	7
it is necessary to	7
as in the case	7
mechanism of rna recombination	7
abundance and relative density	7
at the end of	7
the use of the	7
text texttext text text	7
of the inserted sequence	7
genome sequence of porcine	7
play important roles in	7
the most widely used	7
the start of the	7
assigned to an order	7
could be used to	7
rna recombination in poliovirus	7
the sequence of the	7
in the public domain	7
of a variety of	7
the results of the	7
of the immune response	7
for infectious disease research	7
the molecular basis of	7
simple sequence repeats in	7
the human genome is	7
be used as a	6
salmonella enterica serovar typhi	6
increase in the number	6
the extent to which	6
de novo assembly of	6
the time of writing	6
for a number of	6
the common ancestor of	6
it is difficult to	6
presence or absence of	6
to give rise to	6
in the host genome	6
an analysis of the	6
in the analysis of	6
high mutation rate of	6
with the size of	6
subsp pallidum and pan	6
an important factor in	6
encoded by the orf	6
with the advent of	6
sequencing and analysis of	6
east respiratory syndrome coronavirus	6
of the complete genome	6
one of the major	6
read and approved the	6
we would like to	6
acid substitutions in the	6
the genome sequences of	6
online version of this	6
southern china complete genome	6
in kb sliding windows	6
considered agents of bioterrorism	6
pan subsp pallidum and	6
of a viral genome	6
it has been estimated	6
to be able to	6
length of the genome	6
the fas ii system	6
similar to that of	6
with the development of	6
omics alv genome assembly	6
in southern china complete	6
sequence of yersinia pestis	6
malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum	6
alv genome assembly al	6
included on the array	6
of the bacterium in	6
have been identified in	6
the rest of the	6
was found to be	6
it is thought that	6
it would be interesting	6
the origin of the	6
the human genome in	6
is a prerequisite for	6
has been estimated that	6
of human adenovirus type	6
it is believed that	6
also be used to	6
genome sequence of yersinia	6
isolation and characterization of	6
and relative density of	6
of west nile virus	6
quantitative trait loci for	6
are the result of	6
to that of the	6
in hepatitis c virus	6
genome sequence of pseudomonas	6
is not assigned to	6
the function of the	6
of the mechanisms of	6
analysis of the genome	6
of the mutant spectrum	6
of simple sequence repeats	6
can be found in	6
texttext text text texttext	6
would be interesting to	6
nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage	6
human immunodefi ciency virus	6
most closely related to	6
it was shown that	6
genome sequence of staphylococcus	6
in the regulation of	6
is dependent on the	6
mutational analysis of the	6
as the number of	6
on taxonomy of viruses	6
in the process of	6
relative density of ssrs	6
has been applied to	6
the completion of the	6
in the same genome	6
a small number of	6
in the viral genome	6
the total number of	6
to the scientific community	6
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus	6
the accumulation of mutations	6
vectors of infectious diseases	6
for infectious disease diagnosis	6
in an rna virus	6
pallidum and pan subsp	6
invertebrate vectors of infectious	6
the type species of	6
each of the four	6
the study of ancient	6
of the university of	6
not assigned to an	6
as a means to	6
with the genome size	6
the number of genomes	6
the online version of	6
can be divided into	6
is similar to the	6
the coding region for	6
a measure of the	6
during the process of	5
in the generation of	5
resulted in the identification	5
authors read and approved	5
of the viral genomes	5
type species of the	5
a promising target for	5
influenza genome sequencing project	5
is an important factor	5
the human genome the	5
be related to the	5
would like to thank	5
the number of mutations	5
for the detection and	5
only a small fraction	5
as a function of	5
a web server for	5
molecular evolutionary genetics analysis	5
to better understand the	5
makes it possible to	5
may be able to	5
for dna and rna	5
a broad range of	5
discussed in the section	5
between mutation rate and	5
could lead to the	5
in physiology or medicine	5
the error rate of	5
without prior knowledge of	5
restricted to the human	5
provide an overview of	5
species of the genus	5
possible to identify the	5
mutation rates for rna	5
as part of the	5
of human immunodeficiency virus	5
between genome size and	5
the internal ribosomal entry	5
by at least one	5
the structure and function	5
is the result of	5
the increase of the	5
informatics for infectious disease	5
the presence or absence	5
are responsible for the	5
at the genome level	5
of murine hepatitis virus	5
clinical and public health	5
detection and genotyping of	5
of herpes simplex virus	5
that are difficult to	5
on the human genome	5
the amino acid sequences	5
of the malaria mosquito	5
that can be used	5
genome sequence of rickettsia	5
nobel prizes in physiology	5
for the analysis of	5
and the number of	5
coding region for the	5
in the current study	5
the frequency of recombination	5
on the nature of	5
are present in the	5
the mechanism of rna	5
better understanding of the	5
genetic variation of viruses	5
have been used to	5
of the poliovirus polyprotein	5
fold increase in mutation	5
interfering particles of poliovirus	5
the next generation of	5
the length of the	5
and the emergence of	5
initial sequencing and analysis	5
as well as for	5
it is also possible	5
of rna recombination in	5
be used to identify	5
as well as in	5
genome sequence of streptococcus	5
infectious disease research and	5
into the viral genome	5
defective interfering particles of	5
of the virus to	5
with the exception of	5
the organization of the	5
of the physical genome	5
mutation rates and frequencies	5
the relationship between the	5
version of this article	5
that rna viruses have	5
only one of the	5
mutations in the consensus	5
the genomes of the	5
interesting to note that	5
rates of rna viruses	5
at the protein level	5
it has been suggested	5
of rna viruses is	5
an increase in the	5
of viral rna genomes	5
type iii secretion system	5
the genomes of human	5
disease research and control	5
a key role in	5
committee on taxonomy of	5
the genome consists of	5
are more likely to	5
transcriptome map of h	5
at the beginning of	5
prizes in physiology or	5
the phylogenetic analysis of	5
of the immune system	5
causative agent of plague	5
in vivo and in	5
genome sequences of the	5
a small fraction of	5
with the goal of	5
of vesicular stomatitis virus	5
category a to c	5
sequence of escherichia coli	5
rate and genome size	5
for the generation of	5
the central nervous system	5
human malaria parasite plasmodium	5
the malaria mosquito anopheles	5
of genetic variation of	5
for the production of	5
the human genome sequence	5
be considered as a	5
of the number of	5
age of natural products	5
as well as other	5
sequencing of the human	5
the quality of the	5
led to the development	5
the orf of the	5
pigs in hong kong	5
human respiratory syncytial virus	5
of amino acid residues	5
all authors read and	5
is the type species	5
a fragment of the	5
cq and hz shx	5
the development of the	5
for the treatment of	5
in a variety of	5
through the use of	5
at the university of	5
at the origin of	5
mechanisms of genetic variation	5
and hepatitis c virus	5
little is known about	5
the ends of the	5
has been used to	5
in fecal samples of	5
is encoded by the	5
a region of the	5
of the evolution of	5
international committee on taxonomy	5
of the complexity of	5
by the fact that	5
is defined as the	5
in the history of	5
viruses and their hosts	5
has been suggested that	5
vivo and in vitro	5
as well as by	5
of the virus in	5
genome sequences of two	5
and approved the final	5
contributed to the evolution	5
the evolution of the	5
the genetic diversity of	5
a better understanding of	5
in the section on	5
vaccine for serogroup b	5
of the rice genome	5
seq based transcriptome map	5
in the evolution of	5
may cause several hemorrhagic	4
in amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus	4
be restricted to the	4
of the two strains	4
at both ends of	4
that can be exploited	4
from the perspective of	4
the sequences of the	4
the viral genome is	4
the presence of genes	4
is possible to assume	4
second round primers lpw	4
have been found to	4
must not be restricted	4
the basis of these	4
assembly of haemophilus influenzae	4
mutation rate of rna	4
the detection of a	4
turn of the century	4
the locations of genes	4
the ability of the	4
recognition of the cellular	4
in a number of	4
the course of the	4
a gene encoding a	4
the selection of the	4
is proportional to the	4
identification and characterization of	4
associated with severe acute	4
the internal ribosome entry	4
was approved by the	4
was to play a	4
the same as that	4
in infectious disease research	4
outer membrane vesicle vaccine	4
isolates of streptococcus agalactiae	4
of influenza a virus	4
it is not a	4
from a variety of	4
it has recently been	4
genome is composed of	4
development of a universal	4
in order to assess	4
there are a number	4
pathogenic isolates of streptococcus	4
may be due to	4
the history and development	4
studies have shown that	4
of genes involved in	4
from the human microbiome	4
from a total of	4
the coding potential of	4
on the development of	4
by grants from the	4
a comparison of the	4
of acute respiratory disease	4
will depend on the	4
have been shown to	4
by a variety of	4
to more than one	4
as a tool to	4
sequence of aedes aegypti	4
a variety of organisms	4
in the human population	4
size of the genome	4
investigate the relationship between	4
internal ribosome entry site	4
in any of the	4
the genome of an	4
of lateral gene transfer	4
at the roslin institute	4
a draft sequence of	4
the alignment of the	4
interactions in a viral	4
that the presence of	4
as well as to	4
not be restricted to	4
and development of infectious	4
pcr using first round	4
deletion of the inserted	4
of poliovirus defective interfering	4
minimum hitting set problem	4
national academy of sciences	4
viruses with segmented genomes	4
the protein coding genes	4
a virus with a	4
expression of a foreign	4
jx usa ak d	4
transfer of nuclei from	4
are a number of	4
of the black death	4
and sequencing the human	4
number of mutations in	4
from two or more	4
the characterization of the	4
of each of the	4
at the molecular level	4
for the study of	4
the scientific community and	4
well adapted to the	4
using first round primers	4
are known to be	4
allergy and infectious diseases	4
to the number of	4
of protein coding genes	4
on the identification of	4
high mutation rates of	4
approved the final manuscript	4
recombination in brome mosaic	4
and comparative analysis of	4
a critical role in	4
random sequencing and assembly	4
be used to predict	4
end of the rna	4
be the number of	4
in the clinic has	4
may be classifi ed	4
the early stages of	4
analysis of the genomes	4
a novel coronavirus associated	4
be included on the	4
of the decade in	4
the clinic has been	4
the nucleotide sequence of	4
the extent of genetic	4
the viability of the	4
functional elements in the	4
from the human genome	4
the high mutation rates	4
of oligonucleotide arrays in	4
causing acute respiratory disease	4
primers lpw lpw and	4
by the presence of	4
some of the most	4
h n avian influenza	4
nature of viral genome	4
of treponema pallidum subsp	4
nested pcr using first	4
platform for investigating biology	4
responsible for emerging and	4
of natural products discovery	4
can be transferred to	4
sequence of mycobacterium massiliense	4
diversity determines pathogenesis through	4
classifi cation of viruses	4
the primary structure of	4
the number of probes	4
that they have no	4
the university of california	4
lpw and second round	4
cooperative interactions in a	4
and second round primers	4
they found that the	4
role in study design	4
the dynamic nature of	4
first round primers lpw	4
of human influenza reveals	4
a and b in	4
the exon mutator phenotype	4
the office of technology	4
infectious agents and the	4
is determined by the	4
discussed in this chapter	4
the fourier spectral density	4
of infectious disease genomics	4
consists of a single	4
it becomes clear that	4
of the form k	4
will be able to	4
is associated with the	4
genome analysis of multiple	4
of haemophilus influenzae rd	4
the result of a	4
is not required for	4
be responsible for the	4
sabin strains of poliovirus	4
the dynamics of the	4
and assembly of haemophilus	4
genome sequence of aedes	4
the average number of	4
can be applied to	4
basis of resistance to	4
is possible that the	4
and evolution of picornaviruses	4
drug and vaccine development	4
sequence analysis of the	4
dna was extracted from	4
microorganisms considered agents of	4
the discovery of a	4
global burden of disease	4
the genetic composition of	4
no role in study	4
the understanding of the	4
is thought to be	4
have yet to be	4
pathogens as well as	4
have been used in	4
for emerging and re	4
it has been reported	4
of viral genome evolution	4
the sum of the	4
diversity within a species	4
the source of the	4
the stable transformation of	4
genome random sequencing and	4
used as vectors for	4
that need to be	4
gov dmid genomes mscs	4
number of core genes	4
the genome size and	4
of a virus to	4
sources of recurrent infections	4
whole genome tiling arrays	4
influenza reveals the dynamic	4
protein of amino acid	4
important to note that	4
sequencing of human influenza	4
that the number of	4
of the most common	4
genetic basis of resistance	4
genome sequence of corynebacterium	4
the molecular mechanisms of	4
of human respiratory syncytial	4
one of the first	4
by whole genome sequencing	4
a high mutation rate	4
consequences of high mutation	4
and amino acid sequences	4
sequencing and assembly of	4
resistance to malaria parasites	4
a powerful tool to	4
n avian influenza virus	4
history and development of	4
several hemorrhagic fever syndromes	4
mutations in the same	4
human genome and should	4
and the availability of	4
later in the decade	4
the vector biology network	4
the sequencing of the	4
that there is a	4
is referred to as	4
draft sequence of the	4
more closely related to	4
as the ability to	4
with respect to the	4
a member of the	4
novel coronavirus associated with	4
there is evidence that	4
the transition to wgs	4
the turn of the	4
that are associated with	4
the authors declare that	4
a large fraction of	4
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium	4
referred to as a	4
a limited number of	4
coronavirus associated with severe	4
cause several hemorrhagic fever	4
the variances of ssrs	4
nonhomologous rna recombination in	4
of the nascent strand	4
a study of the	4
dependent rna polymerase d	4
of the molecular mechanisms	4
had no role in	4
the location of the	4
of the correlation function	4
the genomic diversity of	4
of closely related viruses	4
of a viral infection	4
of all analyzed viruses	4
recombination in rna viruses	4
of multiple pathogenic isolates	4
of this type of	4
development of infectious disease	4
for a long time	4
there has been a	4
the human microbiome project	4
the replication of the	4
the section on genetics	4
on the stability of	4
recombination in a cell	4
can be exploited to	4
a consequence of the	4
of resistance to malaria	4
is the generation of	4
of the sars coronavirus	4
with severe acute respiratory	4
of the genome with	4
and the human genome	4
been shown to be	4
office of technology assessment	4
this means that the	4
human influenza reveals the	4
spectral density of the	4
and invertebrate vectors of	4
are surrounded by an	4
heterozygous and homozygous snps	4
associated with the human	4
to be infected with	4
mutation rate and genome	4
lpw lpw and second	4
are associated with the	4
accumulation of mutations in	4
rest of the genome	4
and consequences of high	4
vaccine against group b	4
in the replication of	4
the complete genomes of	4
of the international committee	4
pathogenesis through cooperative interactions	4
at risk of malaria	4
end of the nascent	4
events of genes or	4
in the late s	4
the best match to	4
the nobel prizes in	4
localization of viral proteins	4
the complete mitochondrial genomes	4
an example of a	4
both ends of the	4
sequences of the human	4
of the genome is	4
for the expression of	4
in the range of	4
rates for rna viruses	4
of coronavirus hku was	4
the exchange of genetic	4
is interesting to note	4
range of genome sizes	4
temporal signal in the	4
the relative abundance of	4
through cooperative interactions in	4
the identification of a	4
available evidence suggests that	4
as part of this	4
in a viral population	4
coronavirus hku in respiratory	4
we provide an overview	4
are thought to be	4
number of genes in	4
ongoing adaptation of sars	4
niaid category a to	4
on the type of	4
of nonreplicative rna recombination	4
food and drug administration	4
quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis	4
of the presence of	4
reveals the dynamic nature	4
are also responsible for	4
have been developed and	4
rna recombination in brome	4
for the microbial pan	4
a platform for investigating	4
dynamic nature of viral	4
phylogenetic analysis of the	4
to find the best	4
of a set of	4
are also known to	4
of gene expression in	4
the functional elements in	4
a portion of the	4
one or a few	4
used in this work	4
integration into the host	4
subcellular localization of viral	4
of the yeast genome	4
of genes that are	4
of recombination in rna	4
in the face of	4
is caused by a	4
which are present in	4
the capacity of the	4
of coronavirus hku in	4
the scientific community with	4
analysis of the complete	4
it cannot be excluded	4
by a number of	4
genome consists of a	4
example of this is	4
to the lack of	4
a number of different	4
until the th century	4
to investigate the relationship	4
an envelope derived from	4
the discovery of novel	4
of thousands of genes	4
internal initiation of translation	4
of escherichia coli k	4
scale sequencing of human	4
possible to assume that	4
for the detection of	4
can be achieved through	4
agent of chagas disease	4
identification of quantitative trait	4
rna viruses have evolved	4
the eradication of poliovirus	4
determines pathogenesis through cooperative	4
will be used to	4
than the number of	4
may have contributed to	4
drug and vaccine design	4
preferred sites of recombination	4
signal in the data	4
a large part of	4
of the national center	4
mutation rates of rna	4
analysis of multiple pathogenic	4
cannot be excluded that	4
that some of the	4
the severe acute respiratory	4
for novel pathogen discovery	4
the function of genes	4
mapping and sequencing the	4
population at risk of	4
the site of the	4
the etiological agent of	4
the stability of the	4
is important to note	4
through the study of	4
is shown in figure	4
of the insert and	4
also responsible for the	4
of a novel coronavirus	4
the two nasopharyngeal strains	4
of the protein coding	4
the differences of ssrs	4
is the most common	4
the most highly conserved	4
the development of high	4
comparative analysis of the	4
of the complete dataset	4
and an equine rhinovirus	4
to the identification of	4
of the same genome	4
implications for the microbial	4
genome and should include	4
core genome and singletons	4
ssrs and genome size	4
similar to each other	4
were not present in	4
the complete nucleotide sequence	4
the potential to be	4
genome sequence of escherichia	4
of two or more	4
is considered to be	4
the result of the	4
in brome mosaic virus	4
multiple pathogenic isolates of	4
from humans and pigs	4
at the national center	4
for the synthesis of	4
and the identification of	4
the recognition of the	4
recombination between rna genomes	4
the ssrs relative abundance	4
of intertypic poliovirus recombinants	4
the department of energy	4
neolithic and bronze age	4
proteins encoded by the	4
fecal samples of pigs	4
and genome size in	4
have been developed for	4
by an envelope derived	4
can be explained by	3
is likely to be	3
been found to be	3
for meningococci to escape	3
parts of the viral	3
the genome of simian	3
strategies for invertebrate vector	3
identified a potent and	3
controlled experiments to test	3
is now possible to	3
genetic diversity within a	3
include model organisms including	3
should be considered as	3
the first whole genome	3
the fidelity of the	3
strains cq and hz	3
on the rate at	3
the incomplete nascent strand	3
genetic information is stored	3
large part of the	3
in addition to these	3
viral genome acquires mutations	3
c cd pr cleavage	3
as the basis of	3
levels of ht sequencing	3
of yersinia pestis from	3
reads to a reference	3
accession jn plasmidincn plasmid	3
a single reference strain	3
promising target for the	3
has been demonstrated in	3
human genome project was	3
the th century ce	3
pr and d p	3
of adenovirus type in	3
was suggested to have	3
consists of transposable elements	3
wild mosquito populations by	3
are available at https	3
in the era of	3
for the purpose of	3
of the fact that	3
is available at https	3
the effect of any	3
to our understanding of	3
rotaviruses rva cowwt zaf	3
of vaccine candidates against	3
with the completion of	3
in vesicular stomatitis virus	3
is also important to	3
replicate their genomes via	3
of carrying the malaria	3
in addition to being	3
complexity of the genome	3
correlation between mutation rate	3
vaccines and drug targets	3
sequenced genome of the	3
associated bacterium isolated from	3
bovine rotaviruses rva cowwt	3
to run controlled experiments	3
has been regarded as	3
were found in the	3
high mutation rates for	3
database resources of the	3
caused by a single	3
the de novo assembly	3
the three poliovirus serotypes	3
an unbiased tiling of	3
and it is a	3
be part of the	3
proteins involved in the	3
virus replication and pathogenesis	3
and the united states	3
given the fact that	3
hgp must not be	3
in each of the	3
not found in the	3
random drift of genomes	3
of the two main	3
berlanda scorza et al	3
to be sequenced was	3
nucleotide and amino acid	3
functional and comparative genomics	3
at a very low	3
differences of ssrs abundance	3
the addition of an	3
engineered genotype into wild	3
involved in coronavirus rna	3
will be interesting to	3
state of the time	3
the form of a	3
the exponential regression decay	3
next generation sequencing of	3
rna and dna viruses	3
be involved in the	3
of heterozygous and homozygous	3
does not rely on	3
we found that the	3
is more closely related	3
the genome and the	3
be used to study	3
absence of pathogenicity islands	3
it is unlikely that	3
fourier spectral density of	3
there is a single	3
is more likely to	3
target for the development	3
an example of the	3
that some of these	3
is known about the	3
genome of the kinetoplastid	3
transesterification mechanism guided by	3
the genomes of these	3
of spontaneous mutation in	3
alignment with high accuracy	3
exoribonuclease that is critically	3
the expression of a	3
is important to remember	3
r niaid continues to	3
of the length of	3
highly sensitive to the	3
are unable to replicate	3
may be related to	3
in nodamura virus genome	3
for human immunodeficiency virus	3
information that can be	3
in the detection of	3
with high accuracy and	3
merck team identified a	3
expression of foreign proteins	3
long arm of chromosome	3
this article includes the	3
the importance of the	3
used by the virus	3
the existence of a	3
was established in to	3
in the mutation rate	3
was based on the	3
that is similar to	3
of pigs in hong	3
against serogroup b meningococcus	3
that are similar to	3
decreased in nsp exoribonuclease	3
of the mutation rate	3
can be seen in	3
in pais and gis	3
in order to survive	3
in the feces of	3
west nile virus rdrp	3
features of the genome	3
on the order of	3
all members of the	3
coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus	3
development of new strategies	3
the basis of their	3
are assigned to the	3
of the human malaria	3
the natural history of	3
genomic island prediction software	3
streptococcus vaccine by multiple	3
and assembly of the	3
ability to interact with	3
a hidden markov model	3
a powerful tool for	3
the average length of	3
number of targets per	3
genes have also been	3
of the genomic context	3
s n and s	3
mechanism by which the	3
the replication of rna	3
the virus to the	3
measure of the complexity	3
and salmonella enterica serovar	3
genera within the family	3
assemblies of yersinia pestis	3
this hypothesis is based	3
are members of the	3
to be associated with	3
article includes the following	3
the study of gene	3
african bovine rotaviruses rva	3
are difficult to maintain	3
adaptation to a new	3
to assume that the	3
is related to the	3
to the emergence of	3
for the majority of	3
was applied for the	3
high accuracy and high	3
has been widely detected	3
and its effect on	3
to mutagenic nucleotide analogs	3
sequence of a virulent	3
central dogma of molecular	3
for one of the	3
of the mitochondrial genome	3
clades a and b	3
molecular test by using	3
of the genome that	3
a knowledge base for	3
in size from to	3
a strain circulating in	3
it will be interesting	3
this is true for	3
test how to drive	3
drug targets against human	3
elements in animal genomes	3
declare that they have	3
the polysaccharide capsule is	3
the information provided by	3
to the central nervous	3
the human genome a	3
has a number of	3
hepatitis virus replication is	3
the performance of the	3
model of template switching	3
provide enormous opportunities for	3
seems to be a	3
complete genome sequence data	3
of whole genome sequences	3
critically involved in coronavirus	3
of the african trypanosome	3
is also capable of	3
understanding of the evolution	3
a viral genome acquires	3
pathogen genome is for	3
by multiple genome screen	3
due to polymerase slippage	3
understanding our genetic inheritance	3
regarded as a promising	3
the formation of an	3
the mutation rate of	3
in the human body	3
analysis of the polymerase	3
terminus of the polyprotein	3
exploration of sequence space	3
order to assess the	3
of other rna viruses	3
not a requirement for	3
viruses have evolved to	3
kinetic analysis of the	3
two or more parental	3
has yet to be	3
small number of genes	3
diagnosis and discovery of	3
protein encoded by the	3
by the world health	3
the analysis of genetic	3
for the spike protein	3
described in the following	3
hypothesis is based on	3
high fidelity of murine	3
has come to be	3
work was supported by	3
through a systematic screening	3
sequence and expression of	3
genomic diversity of the	3
that the majority of	3
likely to be a	3
sequence and genome organization	3
rna editing and ribosomal	3
can lead to a	3
of a large number	3
of influenza a viruses	3
a given number of	3
the s rrna gene	3
more complex than the	3
genetic diversity of sars	3
can be found at	3
of infl uenza a	3
it is becoming increasingly	3
can be isolated from	3
of poliovirus can be	3
be the set of	3
found to be highly	3
carrying the malaria parasite	3
by the end of	3
of bacteriophage phi x	3
integrate into the host	3
mutant with reduced sensitivity	3
the national cancer institute	3
all the other strains	3
the molecular biology of	3
of the whole virus	3
one of the two	3
of the picornavirus tree	3
the human immunodeficiency virus	3
the large amount of	3
poliovirus defective interfering particles	3
in the genbank database	3
sequence of the plant	3
in a matter of	3
virus in cell culture	3
universal vaccine for serogroup	3
of a virulent menb	3
genetic plasticities of the	3
can be carried out	3
the emergence of genomic	3
or ongoing genome projects	3
van voorhis et al	3
approaches as well as	3
at which a viral	3
novel vaccines and drug	3
map of the human	3
of the cellular receptor	3
neutral theory of molecular	3
nonreplicative homologous rna recombination	3
enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o	3
relationship between genome size	3
see the section on	3
hku has been widely	3
found in a wide	3
the production of a	3
is assigned to the	3
and it is the	3
a long time in	3
to the design of	3
of recombination in the	3
as a companion to	3
a recombination event that	3
ssrs relative abundance of	3
in accordance with the	3
the absence of a	3
have given rise to	3
beyond the scope of	3
number of new genes	3
the improvement of diagnosis	3
it is not the	3
each of the viral	3
genome as a reference	3
outbreak in southern china	3
the mechanisms by which	3
the subsets pan subsp	3
to gain further insights	3
thought to be involved	3
identification of a genome	3
humans and pigs in	3
for the whole genome	3
from a common ancestor	3
to the production of	3
fold increases in mutation	3
emergent acute respiratory disease	3
initial and final conditions	3
the analysis of the	3
content to a certain	3
provide insights into the	3
group b streptococcus vaccine	3
niaid continues to participate	3
of the viral polymerase	3
regard to jurisdictional claims	3
frequency of the deletion	3
and led to the	3
that of the human	3
comparison of the genome	3
was carried out in	3
of various types of	3
genes as well as	3
the expression of genes	3
genome is for infectious	3
a universal menb vaccine	3
of the genome sequences	3
functional elements in a	3
comes from studies of	3
springer nature remains neutral	3
sequences within the same	3
it is most likely	3
the world health organization	3
open reading frames of	3
of a bacterial gene	3
multiple sequence alignment with	3
to engineer a mosquito	3
has resulted in the	3
of the dicistronic virus	3
the measure of complexity	3
have no competing interests	3
of the original variables	3
remaining attached to the	3
they are able to	3
and the replacement of	3
to the stability of	3
there are more than	3
the completed or ongoing	3
infl uenza a virus	3
genomes of the two	3
have emerged as the	3
the porcine reproductive and	3
lumbricoides form a genetic	3
is not clear whether	3
the entire human genome	3
they have no competing	3
the score for a	3
there are fi ve	3
in the nucleus of	3
mutation rate of bacteriophage	3
the population genetic structure	3
of yersinia pestis in	3
it appears that the	3
and many of the	3
the increase in the	3
cost of dna sequencing	3
often referred to as	3
a minimum hitting set	3
of influenza a and	3
are consistent with a	3
of the poliovirus rna	3
have led to the	3
of the nasopharyngeal samples	3
database and analysis resource	3
the presence of large	3
of ht sequencing coverage	3
samples of pigs in	3
in other bacterial species	3
sequence of bacteriophage phi	3
the final version of	3
c pr and d	3
intertypic recombination in poliovirus	3
coronavirus hku has been	3
by the immune system	3
it has not been	3
within the same cell	3
the same amino acid	3
cellular and viral proteins	3
in spite of its	3
be due to the	3
the global distribution and	3
of rna viruses that	3
sequence database accession number	3
synonymous mutations involved neutral	3
rapid evolution of rna	3
bacteriophage phi x dna	3
strains that have been	3
the introduction of the	3
vesicular stomatitis virus and	3
of the plant growth	3
published maps and institutional	3
structure and complexity of	3
the institute for genomic	3
without the need for	3
for the use of	3
institute of allergy and	3
a significant role in	3
in the present study	3
is important for meningococci	3
using a minimal number	3
to the size of	3
natural history of the	3
of anopheline mosquitoes by	3
during the past years	3
in the foreseeable future	3
that the high mutation	3
flacherie virus of silkworm	3
of the replicative module	3
of the two virus	3
give rise to a	3
approach was applied for	3
bacterium isolated from vitis	3
hundreds of thousands of	3
claims in published maps	3
maps and institutional affiliations	3
isolates had been completely	3
that in addition to	3
and hz shx genomes	3
to be higher than	3
the influenza virus resource	3
of population structure using	3
of a universal group	3
of the same species	3
in genomes with size	3
application of oligonucleotide arrays	3
see materials and methods	3
for the stable transformation	3
coding regions of the	3
scale genotyping applications in	3
as it does not	3
promiscuous joining of rna	3
transformation of anopheline mosquitoes	3
was presumed to be	3
of bovine respiratory disease	3
isolated from vitis vinifera	3
for our understanding of	3
a part of the	3
for the selection of	3
is another example of	3
major goal of the	3
lumbricoides and ascaris suum	3
the development of vaccines	3
compared to that of	3
simple gene finding hmm	3
size is an important	3
environments in which they	3
and evolution of infectious	3
addition of an n	3
and should include model	3
human genome the sequence	3
from the command line	3
the relationship between ssrs	3
sites of recombination in	3
very high levels of	3
outbreak of acute respiratory	3
in response to the	3
in the spring of	3
of the viral swarm	3
for invertebrate vector control	3
the presence of multiple	3
new strategies for invertebrate	3
the human genome mapping	3
amino acid sequences of	3
at the start of	3
the virus and the	3
sequence of the nematode	3
of the microbial world	3
for the creation of	3
there are many other	3
to the formation of	3
the replacement of the	3
is possible to generate	3
molecular basis of genetic	3
the case of poliovirus	3
in the same year	3
pseudomonas aeruginosa siphophage mp	3
identification of vaccine candidates	3
completed or ongoing genome	3
of new strategies for	3
subsets pan subsp pallidum	3
for a variety of	3
of genes in the	3
for serogroup b meningococcus	3
of homologous recombination in	3
is the formation of	3
are likely to have	3
purged from the viral	3
vary inversely with the	3
of the polymerase encoded	3
for the variances of	3
the relative abundance and	3
a low rate of	3
jn plasmidincn plasmid prsb	3
the cystic fibrosis gene	3
to each other and	3
incorporation of an incorrect	3
dissecting the genetic basis	3
the th and th	3
rnas modified in the	3
evolution of rna genomes	3
grain protein content and	3
the population level and	3
the roslin institute university	3
influenza virus h n	3
to the reference strain	3
inference of population structure	3
squares fit of the	3
in the p region	3
a merck team identified	3
is often referred to	3
in the area of	3
that it is the	3
of the viruses that	3
as a first step	3
have major implications for	3
of human parainfl uenza	3
a single gene or	3
perigord black truffl e	3
are added to the	3
which is derived from	3
to jurisdictional claims in	3
one of the simplest	3
of the four nucleotides	3
a single nucleotide change	3
completion of the genome	3
the head of the	3
grants from the national	3
can be determined through	3
both strands of the	3
times larger than the	3
chinese virulent avian coronavirus	3
cov genomes from different	3
is derived from streptomyces	3
with high levels of	3
in a previous study	3
has been identified as	3
the oncogenic potential of	3
resources of the national	3
fruits of the hgp	3
regions in the genome	3
of novel vaccines and	3
morbidity and mortality rates	3
development of antimicrobial agents	3
dna sequence and expression	3
server for prediction of	3
to a query sequence	3
portion of the genome	3
with the addition of	3
minimal number of probes	3
of microorganisms considered agents	3
in the attenuation phenotype	3
as the source of	3
from a patient with	3
the international hapmap project	3
polymerase encoded by a	3
is much larger than	3
sequence of pseudomonas aeruginosa	3
the following figure supplement	3
genome consists of transposable	3
that many of the	3
number of probes required	3
discovery of infectious agents	3
the consensus sequence of	3
the dna in the	3
serogroup b meningococcus by	3
rna polymerase d p	3
the conserved sequences of	3
in a way that	3
is for infectious disease	3
will be required to	3
virus resource at the	3
fixation of mutations in	3
which belongs to the	3
in all virus genomes	3
the nucleotide sequences of	3
isolates with the homoplasy	3
differences in the presence	3
number of synonymous substitutions	3
recombination in poliovirus rna	3
genome size and mutation	3
agents and the development	3
has been firmly established	3
the adaptive value of	3
of the two nasopharyngeal	3
incapable of carrying the	3
diagnosis and treatment of	3
in the biological world	3
of horizontal gene transfer	3
african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei	3
synthesis of a complementary	3
were identified in the	3
of these strains in	3
and their application in	3
to be specific to	3
genetic recombination of poliovirus	3
our goal is to	3
mosquito incapable of carrying	3
vaccine candidates against serogroup	3
the coding sequence of	3
comparative analyses of the	3
of the virus and	3
for a wide range	3
from the bronze age	3
enterococcus faecalis strain np	3
the need for new	3
of this article includes	3
and rna virus evolution	3
expression of the b	3
had been completely sequenced	3
presence of the virus	3
is also possible to	3
draft genome sequences of	3
of evidence for proofreading	3
meningococci to escape from	3
derived from streptomyces platensis	3
and their hosts are	3
in nsp exoribonuclease mutants	3
also found that the	3
mechanisms associated with an	3
variances of ssrs content	3
completely sequenced pathogen genome	3
is most closely related	3
based on the genome	3
and expression of the	3
important to remember that	3
international human genome sequencing	3
is responsible for the	3
the genome is the	3
basic and applied research	3
to overcome this problem	3
on a single microarray	3
pathway in bacteria has	3
in the elucidation of	3
the neutral theory of	3
is regulated by a	3
a high proportion of	3
to the origin of	3
and discovery of infectious	3
characterization of the influenza	3
to be responsible for	3
to drive the engineered	3
to the type of	3
the analysis of quantitative	3
was also found to	3
is not the case	3
of targets per probe	3
by the orf of	3
higher morbidity and mortality	3
genetics and evolution of	3
important role in determining	3
a patent on a	3
is expected to be	3
in the vicinity of	3
candidates against serogroup b	3
inversely with the genome	3
be used in the	3
guided by secondary structure	3
nomoto and his colleagues	3
adapted to the environment	3
sequence of porcine deltacoronavirus	3
genome organization of the	3
acute respiratory disease in	3
been estimated that the	3
universal menb vaccine by	3
capsule is important for	3
institute for genomic research	3
with the value of	3
the human genome by	3
by the seventh segment	3
serial passaging in vitro	3
of genomic and epigenomic	3
of the genes in	3
malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae	3
becoming more and more	3
this indicates that the	3
sequence of the genome	3
the discovery of new	3
proteins are encoded by	3
as a promising target	3
one of the key	3
of amino acid sequences	3
and drug targets against	3
to the generation of	3
anterior horn motor neurons	3
rates of spontaneous mutation	3
to sequence the genome	3
as a powerful tool	3
are unlikely to be	3
from different geographical locations	3
cowwt zaf g p	3
and maintenance of the	3
front of the queue	3
basic tools for the	3
how to drive the	3
been widely detected in	3
the increased number of	3
the sum of all	3
a mosquito incapable of	3
which a viral genome	3
the rna genome of	3
the case of viruses	3
in the population of	3
authors declare no competing	3
it is also important	3
have been implicated in	3
of grain protein content	3
virus and the host	3
molecular epidemiology of adenovirus	3
with the human genome	3
of the same type	3
complete mitochondrial genome sequence	3
the number of ssrs	3
the foreign gene is	3
results indicated that the	3
with reduced sensitivity to	3
the difference between the	3
that could lead to	3
the section on evolution	3
found in the genomes	3
genome sequences of various	3
by only a single	3
analysis of quantitative traits	3
the genome of saccharomyces	3
is decreased in nsp	3
drive the engineered genotype	3
will have to be	3
transmission of genetic information	3
calculated by dividing the	3
a high frequency of	3
is possible to identify	3
to test how to	3
penton base and fiber	3
replication is decreased in	3
infectious flacherie virus of	3
between the genome size	3
an overview of the	3
of a gene that	3
selection in the process	3
includes the following figure	3
genotype into wild mosquito	3
as a tool for	3
start and stop codons	3
and the other two	3
in bacteria has been	3
rna virus error catastrophe	3
there will be no	3
of the entire genome	3
new member of the	3
of a genome is	3
discovery of an rna	3
can be used as	3
of new genes n	3
vaccine by multiple genome	3
the mutation rate is	3
modified vaccinia virus ankara	3
and function of the	3
play a significant role	3
stable transformation of anopheline	3
different parts of the	3
direct molecular test by	3
revealed by kinetic analysis	3
selection of the best	3
have been described for	3
humans and other vertebrate	3
genome size and the	3
of data and the	3
tomato spotted wilt virus	3
genome annotation transfer utility	3
is well adapted to	3
it is now possible	3
the survival of the	3
genome sequence of bacteriophage	3
can be defined as	3
a result of this	3
of recombination in poliovirus	3
of the molecular basis	3
and deletions in the	3
of the nematode c	3
genome of saccharomyces cerevisiae	3
for transgenic animal research	3
for proofreading mechanisms associated	3
the authors declare no	3
the number of sequences	3
of the spectral density	3
to be part of	3
genome to be sequenced	3
to reduce the incidence	3
nonreplicative rna recombination in	3
the immune system of	3
and genome organization of	3
the indispensable fatty acid	3
the mutation rates of	3
fidelity of the viral	3
enormous opportunities for the	3
present in the human	3
is packaged into a	3
importance of the genomic	3
to the fact that	3
the field of genomics	3
opportunities for the discovery	3
is surrounded by an	3
of mutational robustness in	3
fit of the exponential	3
as a consequence of	3
on a host cell	3
bacteria has been regarded	3
agents of bioterrorism and	3
to participate in the	3
across the whole genome	3
mechanisms of rna recombination	3
the coronavirus mouse hepatitis	3
between mutation and selection	3
genomes from different geographical	3
the stability of viral	3
directly from clinical samples	3
genome d is a	3
international sequence database accession	3
responsible for the variances	3
roslin institute university of	3
ssrs content to a	3
the number of new	3
virus replication is decreased	3
of ssrs content to	3
is limited by the	3
uptake in the clinic	3
b streptococcus vaccine by	3
the presence of mm	3
play a crucial role	3
is critically involved in	3
applied for the development	3
department of homeland security	3
immediate impact of a	3
to better comprehend the	3
complement of mycoplasma genitalium	3
the minimum hitting set	3
gb ssd block storage	3
accuracy and high throughput	3
relative to the reference	3
have been used for	3
rva cowwt zaf g	3
should include model organisms	3
can be regarded as	3
of the picornavirus genome	3
a virulent menb strain	3
whole genome sequences of	3
in coronavirus rna synthesis	3
known and novel viruses	3
a new model for	3
a high level of	3
targets against human pathogens	3
in the mutant spectrum	3
to enable them to	3
different levels of finishing	3
with regard to jurisdictional	3
of cellular and viral	3
the application of oligonucleotide	3
alignment of the sars	3
that could not be	3
be maintained in the	3
the front of the	3
associated with a new	3
epidemic diarrhea virus strain	3
growth of the number	3
and it has been	3
a high degree of	3
the development of antimicrobial	3
of a given species	3
and it is also	3
recombination of poliovirus in	3
switch from translation to	3
of synonymous and nonsynonymous	3
what is the chance	3
the cost of dna	3
region yield a variety	3
to the viral genome	3
are part of the	3
the molecular evolution of	3
nature remains neutral with	3
in published maps and	3
range in size from	3
the first five years	3
of porcine deltacoronavirus in	3
has been instrumental in	3
the african trypanosome trypanosoma	3
shown to be a	3
recombination a recombination event	3
mosquitoes by the year	3
the remainder of the	3
that have been sequenced	3
important for meningococci to	3
the relationship between genome	3
other coronavirus hku strains	3
in the evolutionary history	3
the protein encoded by	3
polysaccharide capsule is important	3
on the use of	3
proofreading mechanisms associated with	3
as well as on	3
same as that of	3
may be necessary to	3
size and mutation rates	3
genome sequence was determined	3
shed light on the	3
closely related to the	3
in the discovery of	3
the influenza virus polymerase	3
have been found in	3
genes related to the	3
mouth disease virus mutant	3
from the viral genome	3
accumulation of deleterious mutations	3
sequence of trypanosoma cruzi	3
in the camv genome	3
in the study of	3
nucleotide sequence of sv	3
can be visualized in	3
genome sequence of brucella	3
with the number of	3
there is also evidence	3
the human genome organization	3
the position of the	3
a minimal number of	3
is responsible for generating	3
variability of rna viruses	3
the expression profiles of	3
report of the international	3
is not a requirement	3
which is involved in	3
and the role of	3
murine hepatitis virus replication	3
the method of choice	3
the crystal structure of	3
of functional elements in	3
the extinction of infectivity	3
to rapidly adapt to	3
origin and evolution of	3
that genome size is	3
the results showed that	3
role in genome replication	3
a universal group b	3
the role of the	3
genome assemblies of yersinia	3
in the stationary state	3
was supported by the	3
between viruses and their	3
challenges need to be	3
increase in mutation rate	3
a reflection of the	3
the encode pilot project	3
has contributed to the	3
have been made to	3
to pais of subsp	3
a virus to a	3
took advantage of the	3
tools for the stable	3
more than a decade	3
genomes of rna viruses	3
disease caused by the	3
is a receptor for	3
of the viral rna	3
in one of the	3
neutral with regard to	3
remains neutral with regard	3
the core genome of	3
and the regulatory framework	3
of one of the	3
the mutant spectrum of	3
evidence for a transesterification	3
serve as templates for	3
the stability of genomic	3
national institute of allergy	3
model organisms including mouse	3
the ability of a	3
is similar to that	3
a potent and broad	3
and genotyping of viral	3
of a single gene	3
of the pcr products	3
ascaris lumbricoides and ascaris	3
genome sequencing projects for	3
of diagnosis and discovery	3
on a glass slide	3
indispensable fatty acid synthase	3
can lead to the	3
national microbial pathogen database	3
detection of viral pathogens	3
the generation of the	3
rates and frequencies for	3
k pol k d	3
regions of the viral	3
expression of a bacterial	3
of amino acid substitutions	3
despite the fact that	3
a protein of amino	3
new insights into the	3
the open reading frames	3
conserved noncoding sequences in	3
a major impact on	3
correlations in dna sequences	3
the origin of ichnoviruses	3
the engineered genotype into	3
the neutralization antigenic sites	3
genome size is an	3
the national institute of	3
genomes have been sequenced	3
genome and singletons of	3
not all of the	3
of the kinetoplastid parasite	3
immune response of the	3
the entire genome of	3
of rna viruses are	3
ssrs are not more	3
expression levels of genes	3
anopheline mosquitoes by the	3
a certain range of	3
of the best adapted	3
have evolved from a	3
with a measure of	3
at the ends of	3
identification of a universal	3
have the same function	3
virus mutant with reduced	3
are highly contagious pathogens	3
from vitis vinifera l	3
a completely sequenced pathogen	3
has been developed and	3
a higher mortality rate	3
of viral genome replication	3
the integrity of the	3
infecting vertebrates and invertebrates	3
b meningococcus by whole	3
mapping of quantitative trait	3
associated with an rna	3
of single nucleotide polymorphisms	3
a limited set of	3
of infectious agents and	3
replication of rna viruses	3
genome of the african	3
related to the genome	3
genome sequence of trypanosoma	3
an online blastn search	3
genome of simian virus	3
of the innate immune	3
in a viral rna	3
is not the only	3
of a strain of	3
the complete sequencing of	3
develop basic tools for	3
was considered to be	3
the pseudogenes in s	3
than that of the	3
of the remaining non	3
a systematic screening of	3
the malaria parasite by	3
in order to identify	3
this chapter discusses the	3
in a human host	3
and the presence of	3
an r package for	3
a single nucleotide resolution	3
there is also a	3
for the human genome	3
the detection and genotyping	3
is essential for replication	3
a special case of	3
as the improvement of	3
and it is not	3
encoded by the seventh	3
in at least one	3
mechanism guided by secondary	3
plant arabidopsis thaliana the	3
in southern china after	3
present in the reads	3
sequencing and comparative analysis	3
on the presence of	3
to escape from complement	3
by an envelope studded	3
of the limitations of	3
and genome segment reassortment	3
theory of molecular evolution	3
the nascent rna strand	3
the changes in the	3
the minimal gene complement	3
is also evidence that	3
nat rev genet doi	3
significant limitation of this	3
been regarded as a	3
over the course of	3
of the four bases	3
equal to the window	3
most recent common ancestor	3
of the sabin strains	3
to the requirement of	3
genes involved in the	3
of the incomplete nascent	3
the involvement of the	3
as described in the	3
is shown in fig	3
we find that the	3
by the action of	3
comparative genomic analysis of	3
of selection in the	3
genetic resistance to disease	3
are not more than	3
genome was determined in	3
fraction of the total	3
of the porcine reproductive	3
mitochondrial genome sequence of	3
a comprehensive resource for	3
institute university of edinburgh	3
and diversity of the	3
run controlled experiments to	3
attached to the nascent	3
test by using ribavirin	3
detection of coronavirus hku	3
it is essential for	3
can be obtained from	3
the genes responsible for	3
sequence accession jn plasmidincn	3
the number of synonymous	3
that they have an	3
known to be involved	3
of the coronavirus genome	3
genome the sequence of	3
to the accumulation of	3
human pathogens as well	3
be eliminated from the	3
hybridization of genomic dna	3
a crucial role in	3
as well as genes	3
as well as a	3
viruses as well as	3
sequenced pathogen genome is	3
we will discuss the	3
in terms of their	3
a single amino acid	3
we are grateful to	3
of the human body	3
the ability to infect	3
in some of the	3
mainly due to the	3
member of the species	3
of the stability of	3
genome size in riboviruses	3
response of the host	3
identification of viral pathogens	3
are discussed in this	3
error rate of the	3
and penton base genes	3
programmed dna elimination in	3
by kinetic analysis of	3
that is critically involved	3
in the subfamily paramyxovirinae	3
jq chn hebei sjz	3
relationships between viruses and	3
was one of the	3
transmission of yersinia pestis	3
influenza virus polymerase genes	3
on a single chip	3
experiments to test how	3
engineer a mosquito incapable	3
based transcriptome map of	3
draft of the human	3
a role in the	3
be interesting to study	3
ancient microbial data sets	3
and genetic plasticities of	3
to the site of	3
this work was supported	3
at least one of	3
international helminth genomes consortium	3
team identified a potent	3
rna viruses is a	3
to the window length	3
across the human genome	3
microbial pathogen database resource	3
at the center of	3
fidelity of murine hepatitis	3
of yersinia pestis subsp	3
functional and genetic plasticities	3
african swine fever virus	3
high number of mutations	3
also referred to as	3
impact of a completely	3
in the us and	3
influenza virus resource at	3
that the frequency of	3
the blood fluke schistosoma	3
biphasic dynamics of fitness	3
the frequency of single	3
at least one probe	3
the long arm of	3
nature of the genome	3
is thought that the	3
used to estimate the	3
comparison of complete genome	3
important roles in the	3
this may be a	3
sometimes referred to as	3
to the th century	3
sequence alignment with high	3
the mutation rate and	3
well as the improvement	3
it has been found	3
per genome replication event	3
of ssrs abundance among	3
noncoding region of poliovirus	3
that replicate their genomes	3
for the prediction of	3
reduced sensitivity to ribavirin	3
that is responsible for	3
the most commonly used	3
n and s n	3
belong to the family	3
the treatment of influenza	3
and the conservation of	3
jurisdictional claims in published	3
the genome of human	3
number of sequenced genomes	3
of the dpav genome	3
a protective immune response	3
against human pathogens as	3
for a transesterification mechanism	3
most immediate impact of	3
from one template to	3
disease virus mutant with	3
also will provide a	3
raises the possibility that	3
the next phase of	3
genes in pais and	3
in the increase of	3
and west nile virus	3
a new era of	3
while remaining attached to	3
to a certain degree	3
of the use of	3
through the analysis of	3
that make up the	3
and its application to	3
maximize the coding potential	3
to maximize the coding	3
with an rna virus	3
to vary inversely with	3
an important part of	3
etiologic agent of chagas	3
sequence of sv dna	3
an essential feature of	3
recombination between the two	3
a special type of	3
the generation of a	3
the site of insertion	3
as a common component	3
to join the hgp	3
in china complete genome	3
improvement of diagnosis and	3
has been reported that	3
in a bacterial genome	3
of worms isolated from	3
the attenuation phenotype of	3
end of the decade	3
is not possible to	3
burden of disease study	3
untranslated region yield a	3
discovery of a novel	3
be added to the	3
the national academy of	3
universal group b streptococcus	3
the need for a	3
of allergy and infectious	3
from the united states	3
no conflict of interest	3
human genome sequencing consortium	3
important factor in affecting	3
some of these viruses	3
an understanding of the	3
manual of clinical microbiology	3
standards in genomic sciences	3
only a small number	3
strains in the united	3
mutations in the poliovirus	3
evidence for proofreading mechanisms	3
a requirement for the	3
used to predict the	3
of a universal menb	3
genome acquires mutations per	3
to develop basic tools	3
with a high degree	3
yield a variety of	3
a universal vaccine for	3
from the surface of	3
are listed in table	3
at the turn of	3
form a genetic complex	3
and the evolution of	3
a new member of	3
genomes within the same	3
as a swarm of	3
type iii secretion systems	3
the human malaria parasite	3
that the error rate	3
the polymerase encoded by	3
of the sequences that	3
have been identified through	3
human immunodefi ciency viruses	3
integrates into the host	3
the protein coding region	3
african cassava mosaic virus	3
of large data sets	3
the evolution of picornaviruses	3
dna and rna genomes	3
of genetic variation can	3
which corresponds to the	3
genes in the genome	3
of an n th	3
a transesterification mechanism guided	3
the whole genome in	3
sequence accession cp mycobacterium	3
diarrhea virus strain aj	3
within each of the	3
fidelity revealed by kinetic	3
a plant rna virus	3
function and evolution of	3
minimal gene complement of	3
expressed in escherichia coli	3
can be attributed to	3
into wild mosquito populations	3
resource at the national	3
expression of the inserted	3
rna recombination in a	3
the most immediate impact	3
joining of rna pieces	3
of an outbreak of	3
small insertions and deletions	3
nasopharyngeal samples of pigs	3
one template to another	3
patent and trademark office	3
the variance of the	3
plays a key role	3
of a completely sequenced	3
whole genome sequencing of	3
the national microbial pathogen	3
discovery of novel vaccines	3
menb vaccine by novartis	3
plasticities of the poliovirus	3
an rna virus polymerase	3
of salmonella enterica serovar	3
the genomes of rna	3
the maximum likelihood phylogeny	3
the nasopharyngeal samples of	3
parts of the genome	3
will serve as a	3
the rule of six	3
probably the result of	3
infectious disease genomics are	3
global initiative on sharing	3
authors declare that they	3
the transmission of genetic	3
lack of evidence for	3
rate of rna viruses	3
various types of data	3
there is a low	3
number of viruses with	3
distributed throughout the genome	3
infectious rnas modified in	3
gene complement of mycoplasma	3
of the exponential regression	3
a variety of pseudorevertants	3
to a new host	3
the minimum number of	3
the direction of the	2
expedite the process of	2
were added to the	2
need to be resolved	2
sequence of salmonella enterica	2
is to define a	2
the role of vectorbase	2
for transient expression of	2
induce a protective immune	2
closely associated with the	2
reference viral genome in	2
evidence that some rna	2
histogram of offsets between	2
complicated by coexisting microorganisms	2
to the entire genome	2
has been relatively slow	2
sets of sequence reactions	2
of the transgenic animal	2
nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of	2
of chromosome structure and	2
mcv is the etiological	2
of various species of	2
as the result of	2
and their colleagues on	2
adenosine deaminase acting on	2
have been used successfully	2
in both coding and	2
base in genomic dna	2
have been completely sequenced	2
the sizes of the	2
and its major mosquito	2
the effectiveness of a	2
was described in the	2
and eukaryotic microorganisms than	2
as we already discussed	2
being a fixed determinant	2
of millions of years	2
rectangular coordinates composed of	2
discovered in specimens from	2
compared with all the	2
human genome project changed	2
genome is depicted as	2
there are grounds for	2
rna viruses are not	2
the zic gene family	2
of point mutations in	2
in areas of endemic	2
in the viral genomes	2
level and sequence across	2
of viral and host	2
mode of genome replication	2
are encoded by two	2
mutation rates in the	2
was also found that	2
the trait discovery and	2
a molecular marker of	2
to the protein encoded	2
infectious units per plaque	2
the united states detection	2
there are four genera	2
molecular biology and evolution	2
the transition from the	2
algorithms and tools are	2
complement in defense against	2
represent the first known	2
established in to accelerate	2
university of british columbia	2
in dna and rna	2
a result of imprecise	2
the computational search for	2
length of bp and	2
mutation in poliovirus rna	2
influenza a and b	2
the basis for the	2
deletions in itrs of	2
sequencing of a genome	2
virus coat protein gene	2
permanently debilitating or even	2
which do not normally	2
of the blood fluke	2
of the recombination events	2
technological update of molecular	2
from different mammalian species	2
of a virulence locus	2
available to the public	2
been identified through surveying	2
ii clinical results in	2
the panarray design algorithm	2
the genome of hadv	2
comments on the manuscript	2
the next few years	2
that are responsible for	2
comparative genomics of the	2
the best hit corresponding	2
class of mutation that	2
that appears to be	2
the key role of	2
using the example of	2
wide range of genome	2
influenza virus genome annotation	2
and bioinformatics analysis of	2
for critical reading of	2
a long history of	2
the accumulation of simple	2
species as to perform	2
antimicrobial agent can be	2
committee for meningococcal disease	2
many universities have already	2
more targeted and effective	2
rna that encodes only	2