bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
porcine epidemic	202
epidemic diarrhea	146
diarrhea virus	132
porcine deltacoronavirus	85
canine parvovirus	85
respiratory syndrome	83
infectious bronchitis	70
amino acid	68
united states	64
time rt	64
bronchitis virus	57
epidemic diarrhoea	56
phylogenetic analysis	53
complete genome	50
pcr assay	50
nucleic acid	49
clinical signs	49
syndrome coronavirus	48
south korea	48
respiratory disease	48
pedv strains	48
viral rna	46
indel strain	45
relative humidity	45
spike protein	44
diarrhoea virus	44
middle east	43
transbound emerg	41
doc id	40
rights reserved	40
cord uid	40
virus isolation	40
swine fever	40
dis doi	40
emerg dis	40
east respiratory	38
novel coronavirus	37
porcine circovirus	36
bovine respiratory	35
genome sequence	35
acute respiratory	34
ibv strains	33
contact pigs	33
transmissible gastroenteritis	32
phylogenetic tree	32
public health	32
positive control	30
infectious disease	30
gene sequences	30
faecal samples	30
infectious diseases	30
closely related	29
serum samples	29
severe acute	29
vibrio vulnificus	28
cell culture	28
ihr core	28
electronic microarray	28
genetic characterization	27
core capacities	27
porcine respiratory	27
pedv hljby	27
room temperature	26
direct contact	26
genbank accession	26
previously described	26
gastroenteritis virus	25
fever virus	25
vp gene	25
tibetan pigs	25
days post	25
bat coronavirus	25
classical swine	24
bovine coronavirus	24
mycoplasma bovis	23
indirect contact	23
molecular characterization	23
pcr assays	22
coronavirus hku	22
control group	22
field samples	22
bovine viral	22
viral diarrhea	21
vero cells	21
negative control	21
immunized sows	21
performed using	21
nucleotide sequence	21
bat cov	21
genetic diversity	20
syndrome virus	20
turkey coronavirus	20
virus infection	20
pathogen disease	20
described previously	20
time pcr	20
cpv strains	20
score negligible	19
circovirus type	19
score low	19
reverse transcription	19
nucleotide identity	19
supporting information	19
avian paramyxovirus	19
human coronavirus	19
world health	19
score score	19
sequence identity	18
avian coronaviruses	18
parvovirus type	18
machine learning	18
porcine reproductive	18
multiplex pcr	18
confirmed cases	18
disease virus	18
spike gene	18
positive samples	18
molecular epidemiology	18
sequence analysis	18
marine mammals	18
one health	18
nucleotide sequences	18
previous studies	17
dairy cows	17
polymerase chain	17
reverse transcriptase	17
coronavirus disease	17
avian infectious	17
pdcov strain	17
phylogenetic trees	17
genome sequences	16
respiratory coronavirus	16
emerging infectious	16
gene sequence	16
inactivated pdcov	16
member states	16
strain nh	16
early containment	16
gene source	16
influenza virus	16
southern china	16
amino acids	16
chain reaction	16
internal control	16
inoculated piglets	16
another study	16
respiratory tract	16
neonatal piglets	16
virus strain	16
newcastle disease	16
evolutionary genetics	15
samples collected	15
economic losses	15
authors declare	15
tour group	15
sequence alignment	15
life technologies	15
infected pigs	15
acid changes	15
saudi arabia	15
pdcov vaccine	15
global health	15
results suggest	15
legal imports	15
recombination events	14
gene rrt	14
step rt	14
jeju island	14
rectal swabs	14
buffered saline	14
core capacity	14
random forest	14
respiratory syncytial	14
african swine	14
piglets born	14
multiple sequence	14
molecular evolutionary	14
rna virus	14
animal health	14
newly identified	14
genetics analysis	14
social distancing	14
syncytial virus	14
pedv rna	14
sequence data	13
bat coronaviruses	13
dairy calves	13
logistic regression	13
phylogenetic analyses	13
enteric coronavirus	13
acid sequence	13
dairy cattle	13
length genome	13
suspected cases	13
feedlot cattle	13
swine farms	13
diarrhea viruses	13
passive immunity	13
biosecurity measures	13
tour groups	13
infectious virus	13
pedv strain	13
virus type	13
clinical samples	13
exponential growth	13
virus strains	13
eu member	13
wild birds	12
previously reported	12
animal products	12
first case	12
coronavirus spike	12
pulmonary disease	12
accession numbers	12
experimentally infected	12
sars coronavirus	12
porcine enteric	12
health care	12
avian influenza	12
hong kong	12
experimental conditions	12
inoculated group	12
score moderate	12
indel strains	12
igg antibodies	12
experimental infection	11
target viruses	11
mainland china	11
field isolates	11
nucleocapsid protein	11
field strains	11
airborne transmission	11
beef cattle	11
respiratory diseases	11
disease pathogen	11
extracted using	11
pcr kit	11
monoclonal antibodies	11
pig farms	11
joining method	11
old piglets	11
analysis based	11
analytical sensitivity	11
spike proteins	11
first report	11
border idte	11
hljby strain	11
results showed	11
swab samples	11
third countries	11
hepatitis virus	11
simultaneous detection	11
accession number	11
health organization	11
current study	11
porcine kobuvirus	10
asian origin	10
neutralizing antibodies	10
multiplex rt	10
bat covs	10
aa variant	10
sequence alignments	10
animal care	10
acid sequences	10
three samples	10
newborn piglets	10
index case	10
sdpp samples	10
small intestine	10
edible products	10
ns gene	10
old spf	10
complete genomes	10
guangdong province	10
accepted article	10
virus isolates	10
recombination event	10
pedv genome	10
distemper virus	10
tissue samples	10
present study	10
north america	10
binding domain	10
hku strain	10
ibv real	10
disease agents	10
animal subproducts	10
hubei province	9
immune response	9
pasteurella multocida	9
score high	9
tree based	9
pcr using	9
rna extraction	9
swine industry	9
target bacteria	9
live animals	9
mini kit	9
enteric disease	9
pigs inoculated	9
acid extraction	9
contact piglets	9
emerging diseases	9
identified ibv	9
south america	9
bat species	9
highly pathogenic	9
positive immunoreactivity	9
suckling piglets	9
bp region	9
agents associated	9
like bat	9
decision tree	9
pcr results	9
genome analysis	9
genetic analysis	9
whole genome	9
agarose gel	9
first week	9
international health	9
applied biosystems	9
health regulations	9
newly discovered	9
open reading	9
genbank database	9
human coronaviruses	9
wt vol	9
positive results	9
analysed using	8
diagnostic ibv	8
serially diluted	8
highly contagious	8
per million	8
previous study	8
swine acute	8
belgium score	8
cov sequences	8
total rna	8
diagnostic test	8
currently circulating	8
strain hku	8
deltacoronavirus strain	8
acute diarrhoea	8
equine coronavirus	8
health organisation	8
intestinal villi	8
deltacoronavirus supports	8
world organisation	8
kor knu	8
canine distemper	8
genomic sequences	8
infectious dose	8
rectal swab	8
independent variables	8
genotyping method	8
additional supporting	8
host cell	8
genome sequencing	8
microarray assay	8
supports bat	8
canine coronavirus	8
transport medium	8
reproduction number	8
host range	8
reverse primer	8
feed samples	8
viruses associated	8
plastic surface	8
nasal swabs	8
genus deltacoronavirus	8
pigs showed	8
transmission rate	8
familial transmission	8
corona virus	8
horizontal transmission	8
seven novel	8
new coronavirus	8
coronavirus infection	8
lamp assays	8
mouse hepatitis	8
climate change	8
rapid detection	8
two different	8
novel mammalian	8
negative controls	8
information may	8
four target	8
environmental conditions	8
pcr products	8
specific pathogen	8
pregnant sows	8
inoculated pigs	8
protein gene	8
like particles	8
swine influenza	8
csfv strains	8
feline coronavirus	8
decision trees	8
china date	8
high mortality	8
specific primers	8
molecular analysis	7
forward primer	7
genetic variation	7
analysis revealed	7
confirmed case	7
serial passages	7
primers used	7
live attenuated	7
livestock diseases	7
zero case	7
contact animals	7
aa substitutions	7
pedv antigen	7
epidemiological investigation	7
wild boars	7
extracted rna	7
realtime rt	7
isothermal amplification	7
protein genes	7
data generated	7
viral sequences	7
united kingdom	7
sequences using	7
mediated isothermal	7
insulated isothermal	7
pedv infection	7
primer pairs	7
orf ab	7
viral genome	7
blood agar	7
tissue culture	7
viral pathogens	7
enteric viruses	7
control measures	7
canine parvoviruses	7
stainless steel	7
three times	7
swine enteric	7
spf turkeys	7
south wales	7
dpi samples	7
days since	7
causative agent	7
specific pcr	7
rectal temperatures	7
type ii	7
free water	7
respiratory pathogens	7
tcid ml	7
two strains	7
high prevalence	7
infectious peritonitis	7
rna copies	7
family coronaviridae	7
may also	7
southern italy	7
also detected	7
antibody titres	7
close contact	7
log cp	7
vaccine strains	7
international committee	7
pedv outbreaks	7
unextracted serum	7
new south	7
feline infectious	7
control pigs	7
protective efficacy	7
results indicated	7
diarrhoeic cats	7
spike glycoprotein	7
pdcov strains	7
genome characterization	7
cpv variants	7
pigs infected	7
synonymous substitutions	7
pedv isolates	7
states porcine	7
dromedary camels	7
different species	7
time series	7
watery diarrhea	7
fisher scientific	7
entire genome	7
fekov strain	7
identical aa	7
risk factors	7
capture probes	6
like coronavirus	6
related coronavirus	6
aichi virus	6
respiratory viruses	6
di martino	6
severe diarrhoea	6
available data	6
european turkey	6
average temperature	6
climatic conditions	6
structural proteins	6
typical clinical	6
ibv present	6
lockdown days	6
gene rt	6
clinical symptoms	6
first description	6
sialic acid	6
moderate effect	6
capsid protein	6
incubation period	6
schmallenberg virus	6
health security	6
antigenic characterization	6
showed clinical	6
pathogenic avian	6
least one	6
pedv field	6
genetic evolution	6
experimental groups	6
preventive measures	6
van doremalen	6
completely decayed	6
reference strain	6
ibv genotypes	6
disease complex	6
encephalomyelitis virus	6
new species	6
viral genomic	6
conventional rt	6
tested positive	6
control piglets	6
pig industry	6
us strains	6
novel porcine	6
pandemic influenza	6
jung saif	6
contaminated feed	6
infectious agents	6
transmission route	6
isolation kit	6
veterinary clinics	6
receptor binding	6
pedv reference	6
related sequences	6
nt deletions	6
subgroup strains	6
weather observation	6
recombinant strains	6
epidemic diseases	6
analysis version	6
purified using	6
decision analysis	6
software version	6
transport vehicles	6
pedv variant	6
intestinal tissues	6
animal coronaviruses	6
hku hk	6
sensitivity analysis	6
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis	6
necrotizing bronchitis	6
positive using	6
per disease	6
domestic poultry	6
new variants	6
high level	6
also tested	6
bootstrap values	6
aa changes	6
histopathologic features	6
samples taken	6
electron microscopy	6
analysis complete	6
genetic characteristics	6
gii genogroup	6
primer pair	6
serial dilutions	6
found online	6
transcribed rna	6
million population	6
learning models	6
also identified	6
data analysis	6
korean swine	6
probes targeting	6
low temperature	6
early signs	6
intestinal tissue	6
animal species	6
bat sars	6
korean porcine	6
specific antibodies	6
acid analyzer	6
infected animals	6
strains representing	6
cloacal swabs	6
bootstrap replicates	6
disease control	6
houhai acupoint	6
wild animals	6
maximum likelihood	6
using trizol	6
viruses isolated	6
japanese encephalitis	6
dna polymerase	6
piglets introduced	6
pockit tm	6
alignment editor	6
turkey poults	6
respiratory symptoms	6
four viruses	6
molecular biology	6
study reported	6
dependent variable	6
novel avian	6
human sars	6
diarrhoea syndrome	6
virus taxonomy	6
parvovirus strains	6
weaned pigs	6
rna genome	6
copies ml	6
least six	5
viral antigen	5
days later	5
diarrhoeal disease	5
causing severe	5
virus genome	5
suspected case	5
genus alphacoronavirus	5
different branches	5
day post	5
severe respiratory	5
indel trial	5
three sdpp	5
countries like	5
diepholz han	5
different proteins	5
zoonotic diseases	5
different serotypes	5
salmonella enterica	5
cov infection	5
histopathologic findings	5
every hr	5
recent studies	5
reading frame	5
healthy pigs	5
minimum essential	5
bcov strains	5
den brand	5
ibv strain	5
also found	5
suckling pigs	5
cytopathic effect	5
spread across	5
throughput sequencing	5
constructed using	5
first detection	5
negative pressure	5
immunofluorescence assay	5
sequences obtained	5
independent branch	5
newly emerged	5
low effect	5
reading frames	5
increased imports	5
pedv antibodies	5
interstitial pneumonia	5
negative results	5
paramyxovirus type	5
sample types	5
large number	5
coronavirus strain	5
decayed completely	5
cdna fragments	5
disease emergence	5
aerosol transmission	5
inoculated groups	5
infectious doses	5
significantly different	5
epidemic intelligence	5
bacterial pathogens	5
lectin domain	5
comparative analysis	5
coronavirus outbreak	5
rotavirus group	5
disease outbreak	5
porcine plasma	5
infection control	5
pcr test	5
probe set	5
epithelial cells	5
viral nucleic	5
transmission dynamics	5
final extension	5
poultry industry	5
old neonatal	5
antigenic variants	5
deltacoronavirus associated	5
likely influence	5
type i	5
first reported	5
zoo animals	5
viral protein	5
avian coronavirus	5
health emergencies	5
porcine deltacoronaviruses	5
strain knu	5
better understand	5
coding gene	5
bovine herpesvirus	5
upper respiratory	5
complete nucleotide	5
using virus	5
locally acquired	5
obliterative bronchiolitis	5
strains identified	5
resources allocated	5
mortality rate	5
first detected	5
high levels	5
gi genogroup	5
livestock epidemic	5
vulnificus infection	5
van den	5
high influence	5
obtain results	5
dubious suspicious	5
care infrastructure	5
samples tested	5
european countries	5
overlapping cdna	5
protein sequences	5
nucleic acids	5
coronavirus oc	5
vp protein	5
transcriptase pcr	5
reproductive failure	5
lamina propria	5
highly sensitive	5
four piglets	5
present within	5
sdpp group	5
chinese academy	5
related bat	5
pcr analysis	5
bioassay experiment	5
fatality rate	5
results indicate	5
analysis tools	5
indel pigs	5
disease threat	5
quantitative rt	5
asian cpv	5
copies per	5
histopathologic patterns	5
genomic copies	5
also showed	5
diagnostic methods	5
isothermal pcr	5
genetic relatedness	5
inoculated piglet	5
swine virus	5
field cases	5
lee lee	5
na responses	5
natural host	5
disease outbreaks	5
results obtained	5
virus detection	5
grouped within	5
feed sample	5
data set	5
highest nucleotide	5
gel electrophoresis	5
significant role	5
neutralizing antibody	5
severe clinical	5
tm nucleic	5
infected individuals	5
six provinces	5
nc bat	5
pedv isolate	5
porcine hemagglutinating	5
bat faecal	5
detection limit	5
reference laboratory	5
parainfluenza virus	5
infecting horses	5
amplified using	5
bacterial targets	5
determined using	5
terrestrial wildlife	5
pcr reaction	5
spike genes	5
time reverse	5
mers coronavirus	5
reverse primers	5
time points	5
endemic outbreaks	5
days pi	5
strain cv	5
sequences showed	5
adult dairy	5
neutralizing epitopes	5
domestic livestock	5
canine kobuvirus	5
support vector	5
clinical diarrhoeal	5
propagative transmission	5
strains currently	5
intermediate hosts	5
porcine coronavirus	5
porcine rotavirus	5
analysed strains	5
pig farm	5
institutional animal	5
field conditions	5
two separate	5
rna viruses	5
recently reported	5
orf gene	5
emerged porcine	5
great britain	5
lower respiratory	4
viral agents	4
successfully detected	4
transmission routes	4
different pedv	4
unique aa	4
intestinal content	4
smart cycler	4
titres ranging	4
coronaviridae family	4
canine adenovirus	4
virus titre	4
remained healthy	4
lymphocytic cuffings	4
transboundary movements	4
microarray platform	4
virus neutralization	4
animal practice	4
expert elicitation	4
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	4
partial sequences	4
analysis showed	4
air samples	4
conventional pcr	4
italy introduction	4
paramyxovirus serotype	4
complete pedv	4
collected samples	4
analyses based	4
glycosylation sites	4
current understanding	4
gel supplemented	4
six weeks	4
parvovirus isolates	4
atypical pestivirus	4
china key	4
pcr detection	4
inbound flight	4
risk assessment	4
high temperature	4
vulnificus strains	4
brazilian bovine	4
thermal profile	4
indirect transmission	4
novel hemagglutination	4
cloning kit	4
negligible influence	4
weight loss	4
probe printing	4
transferrin receptor	4
sequencing analysis	4
threat events	4
pcr amplification	4
different subgroups	4
low relative	4
primer pedn	4
gene analysis	4
likelihood method	4
rna mini	4
molecular typing	4
european centre	4
supervised machine	4
disease score	4
recent study	4
state university	4
fragments spanning	4
may occur	4
animals excludes	4
bat faeces	4
case study	4
commercial movements	4
federal agency	4
chinese bcov	4
sense rna	4
trees based	4
elisa test	4
newly described	4
particle associated	4
multicriteria decision	4
histophilus somni	4
environmental factors	4
mild clinical	4
high effect	4
virus porcine	4
heilongjiang province	4
four genera	4
indel pedv	4
three genotypes	4
sun irradiance	4
capture probe	4
mg ml	4
spotted seal	4
modelling study	4
economic impact	4
avian avulavirus	4
limited information	4
cases per	4
information section	4
bovis pneumonia	4
wide range	4
pcr described	4
deduced amino	4
features associated	4
four bacteria	4
new cpv	4
potential hazard	4
recombinant events	4
lower relative	4
will provide	4
control piglet	4
hk bat	4
field sample	4
biological sequence	4
national budget	4
amplified sequences	4
novel canine	4
high probability	4
study provides	4
distilled water	4
comparative study	4
intestinal contents	4
growth model	4
sanger sequencing	4
swab material	4
showed signs	4
slide microarrays	4
fatal swine	4
ib outbreaks	4
tree analysis	4
chinese yaks	4
clinical material	4
bronchitis coronavirus	4
nsw government	4
serological cross	4
pedv belgorod	4
related gammacoronaviruses	4
generated using	4
animal models	4
antigenic variant	4
strains showed	4
reference sequences	4
poult enteritis	4
using bioedit	4
template control	4
necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia	4
windows nt	4
units ml	4
randomly assigned	4
analysis program	4
mortality rates	4
groups travelling	4
indel indirect	4
current covid	4
food chain	4
pedv shedding	4
friendly biological	4
intestinal tract	4
glycoprotein gene	4
specific rt	4
minor modifications	4
log reduction	4
hemagglutinin esterase	4
early detection	4
one step	4
western ontario	4
copy number	4
lower temperature	4
gamma distribution	4
ibv vaccine	4
pressure room	4
ethical approval	4
clinic assay	4
indel groups	4
type strains	4
guidelines page	4
transcription polymerase	4
five different	4
may contribute	4
length genomes	4
clinical disease	4
feline kobuvirus	4
unimmunized sows	4
affected countries	4
bovine serum	4
virus spread	4
harbin veterinary	4
horse sickness	4
experimentally inoculated	4
strains circulating	4
final concentration	4
molecular characteristics	4
enveloped viruses	4
untranslated region	4
modelling studies	4
virus shedding	4
acid change	4
us pdcov	4
international spread	4
enteric coronaviruses	4
ns protein	4
two studies	4
case occurrence	4
normal range	4
test sites	4
systematic review	4
fekov te	4
multiplex real	4
first time	4
completely inactivated	4
widely used	4
low influence	4
domain score	4
detection kit	4
sequenced using	4
risk factor	4
marine mammal	4
disease prioritization	4
different groups	4
china discovery	4
temperate regions	4
bootstrap analysis	4
allantoic fluid	4
microarray assays	4
viral particles	4
genus kobuvirus	4
notified cases	4
severe watery	4
positive faecal	4
nucleotide sequencing	4
antibody responses	4
recent years	4
streptococcus suis	4
serological survey	4
avian paramyxoviruses	4
immune system	4
genomic regions	4
sporadic outbreaks	4
essential medium	4
animals including	4
enveloped virus	4
african horse	4
epidemic strains	4
rapidly spread	4
shed virus	4
virus isolate	4
haemorrhagic septicaemia	4
attenuated vaccines	4
pcr may	4
culture isolate	4
serological evidence	4
coronavirus infectious	4
commonly associated	4
experimental animal	4
strains isolated	4
coding region	4
hyaline cartilage	4
ethidium bromide	4
spreading patterns	4
culture supernatants	4
virulent challenge	4
spread rapidly	4
magmax tm	4
attenuated ibv	4
several studies	4
two pairs	4
pigs porcine	4
control strategies	4
group transmission	4
belgorod dom	4
pdcov infections	4
border controls	4
discovered coronavirus	4
functional domains	4
health surveillance	4
marine animals	4
linked immunosorbent	4
research institute	4
swine production	4
antibody response	4
deltacoronavirus cell	4
cov strains	4
alignment aided	4
standard deviation	4
peritonitis virus	4
pcr primers	4
low levels	4
flexible strategies	4
serological data	4
predict early	4
sustainable development	4
assay used	4
viral isolation	4
real time	4
disease status	4
moderate influence	4
abandoned mine	4
quality analysis	4
farm density	4
rna extracted	4
neutralization tests	4
peribronchial lymphocytic	4
genetic material	4
mn antibody	4
automated electronic	4
complete decay	4
hr post	4
calculated using	4
infection containment	4
windows interface	4
isolates representing	4
person transmission	4
also obtained	4
gene conventional	4
early stage	4
monoclonal antibody	4
alveolar macrophage	4
air sampling	4
industry worldwide	4
rhinolophus ferrumequinum	4
ethical policies	4
travel restrictions	4
type isolated	4
commercial poultry	4
histopathological examination	4
sandwich elisa	4
elisa kit	4
four groups	4
across countries	4
recently described	4
fecal samples	4
final score	4
pedv genomes	4
hypervariable region	4
pcr reactions	4
nucleocapsid gene	4
determine whether	4
genereach usa	4
considered positive	4
reduced national	4
disease prevention	4
dmem containing	4
status due	4
small intestinal	4
author guidelines	4
qiagen rneasy	4
ontario index	4
two ib	4
southern brazil	4
wild boar	4
mortem examinations	4
rhinolophus bat	4
lyophilized reagents	4
pcr product	4
primary disease	4
san diego	4
excludes intermediate	4
qiaamp viral	4
assay accurately	4
four samples	4
fulton confer	4
veterinary research	4
veterinary record	4
cycler ii	4
first identified	4
sequence information	4
bvdv type	4
food animal	4
may suggest	4
using either	4
aligned nucleotide	4
novel threat	4
virus genetic	4
diagnostic laboratory	4
tissue tropisms	4
commercial kit	4
regression trees	4
bovine coronaviruses	4
reduced models	4
laboratory isolates	4
coronavirus family	4
retrospective investigation	4
variants circulating	4
indel inoculated	4
thermo fisher	4
necrohemorrhagic bronchitis	4
ibv serotypes	4
pedv positive	4
lg ml	4
swab specimens	4
csfv rna	4
pcv isolates	4
samples using	4
virus transmission	4
contaminated sdpp	4
pedvs responsible	4
like viruses	4
fekov rna	4
pathological changes	4
pet dog	4
elution buffer	4
important role	4
inactivated vaccine	4
first discovered	4
like particle	4
oral route	4
dried porcine	4
cfu ml	4
accurately detected	4
growth modelling	4
results revealed	4
dna rna	4
strain kor	4
correct size	4
apparently healthy	3
true positive	3
complex evolution	3
evolutionary analyses	3
sequence variations	3
necrotizing fasciitis	3
finishing pigs	3
including sars	3
study showed	3
coronavirus rna	3
vol vol	3
mouth disease	3
pcr cloning	3
ultraviolet radiation	3
control animals	3
immune responses	3
pdcov pedv	3
dnastar inc	3
values greater	3
composite measure	3
initially identified	3
evolutionary analysis	3
fattening pigs	3
genome organization	3
clustered within	3
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antigenic epitopes	3
chinese tour	3
data interpretation	3
six suspected	3
questionnaire assessment	3
pulmonary mycoplasmosis	3
virulent strains	3
numbers shown	3
bioassay piglets	3
fs oropharyngeal	3
three strains	3
genetically closely	3
direct transmission	3
sample collection	3
hobi atypical	3
infected birds	3
reaction buffer	3
reported case	3
ml orally	3
binding site	3
three fekov	3
correlation coefficient	3
infrastructure availability	3
hku strains	3
cov ppnt	3
van der	3
south africa	3
often fatal	3
encoded ns	3
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public domain	3
bioassay pigs	3
vaccine development	3
typical pedv	3
least days	3
substantial economic	3
novel ibv	3
using primer	3
single strain	3
aligned using	3
three control	3
provide protection	3
high genetic	3
partial vp	3
geographical distribution	3
bronchial epithelium	3
common risk	3
map position	3
phylogenetic relationships	3
igg antibody	3
china strain	3
transmission may	3
contact subjects	3
weak positive	3
increases infectivity	3
sichuan province	3
studies done	3
virulent pdcov	3
include watery	3
vitro transcription	3
observation stations	3
pcv cn	3
receptor recognition	3
commercial live	3
circulating widely	3
culture supernatant	3
global porcine	3
pigs shed	3
prince edward	3
secondary structures	3
initial stages	3
designed based	3
shedding periods	3
jackwood wit	3
three different	3
across computing	3
pedv subgroups	3
three cpv	3
hku ch	3
vesicular disease	3
major bat	3
two pens	3
promega italia	3
disease associated	3
cov infections	3
per site	3
cases reported	3
northern europe	3
conserved regions	3
two cows	3
common touch	3
mn assay	3
encoding gene	3
remained negative	3
human infections	3
biosafety level	3
domestic pig	3
environmental risk	3
confirmed covid	3
develop effective	3
consensus primer	3
article key	3
ch gd	3
experimental protocols	3
care committee	3
exhibited mild	3
human infection	3
viral diarrhoea	3
diagnostic tests	3
substitutions per	3
increased populations	3
forest algorithm	3
titre mouse	3
disease diagnosis	3
intestinal samples	3
faecal sample	3
pdcov cluster	3
species transmission	3
turnaround time	3
lm ibvrt	3
migratory wild	3
molecular evidence	3
longer time	3
two dogs	3
every increase	3
glass slide	3
dna sequence	3
states rapid	3
min followed	3
southern hemisphere	3
hence points	3
epidemiological status	3
strains recently	3
nc human	3
bacterial culture	3
received ml	3
rtqpcr assay	3
clustered together	3
using primers	3
significant economic	3
obtained using	3
cell fusion	3
giant panda	3
tibet plateau	3
corresponding author	3
cn fujian	3
map positions	3
evolutionary pattern	3
financial support	3
also sequenced	3
phoenix automated	3
piglets exhibited	3
swine herd	3
domain protein	3
enteric alphacoronavirus	3
nonstructural proteins	3
rapid diagnosis	3
different strains	3
recombinant strain	3
wildlife score	3
functional characterization	3
bronchial angiogenesis	3
alkaline ph	3
deaths per	3
antigen sandwich	3
genomic nucleotide	3
feed supplement	3
reemerging epizootic	3
pheasant coronavirus	3
technical assistance	3
two days	3
also included	3
pathogen associated	3
viruses including	3
serological negative	3
coronavirus nc	3
multiplex assay	3
qx strain	3
innate immune	3
small ruminants	3
protein expression	3
pdb database	3
sows post	3
may result	3
tissue kit	3
continuous surveillance	3
surface swabs	3
trial pigs	3
northwest china	3
acid extractions	3
strains within	3
alexa fluor	3
nephropathy syndrome	3
small intestines	3
oral transmission	3
cell antigenic	3
eight pathogens	3
contact group	3
field case	3
first contact	3
emerging ibv	3
pandemic strains	3
pcv capsid	3
bp fragment	3
nasal swab	3
panel included	3
mock group	3
ii pneumocytes	3
field strain	3
molecular testing	3
unrelated non	3
viruses porcine	3
national centre	3
takara bio	3
sdpp piglet	3
reed muench	3
piglets remained	3
uv radiation	3
air sampler	3
canine transferrin	3
distinct characteristics	3
instructions using	3
case reports	3
low probability	3
strain fr	3
lamp assay	3
studies conducted	3
european union	3
analysis using	3
useful tool	3
necked stint	3
pathogens involved	3
strong positive	3
per reaction	3
saif barnes	3
data indicate	3
body surface	3
sequences available	3
analysis across	3
pedv sequences	3
roc values	3
neighbouring countries	3
virus titres	3
pathogen free	3
foetal bovine	3
pedv genetic	3
future outbreaks	3
study found	3
per thousand	3
rneasy mini	3
poorly understood	3
human emergence	3
tagious enteric	3
faecal swabs	3
familial cluster	3
optical density	3
cell types	3
epidemiologically linked	3
positive correlation	3
viral entry	3
detect novel	3
syndrome caused	3
epizootic swine	3
pedv sequence	3
aa sequences	3
first clinical	3
moderate diarrhoea	3
rna polymerase	3
secreting cells	3
mallard hubei	3
study revealed	3
false negative	3
villus ratio	3
ry nc	3
coronaviruses molecular	3
genes revealed	3
case postcode	3
past decade	3
infected mice	3
isolate riyadh	3
use committee	3
different phylogenetic	3
ped include	3
bcov antisera	3
cell cultures	3
clinical lung	3
novel swine	3
family settings	3
enzyme mix	3
seeder pig	3
biological characteristics	3
acid levels	3
value chain	3
intestinal swab	3
old specific	3
aa identity	3
bd phoenix	3
acid homology	3
soft feces	3
using exponential	3
hunted wildlife	3
vortexed thoroughly	3
cells grown	3
computing platforms	3
infectious process	3
nt identity	3
animal model	3
sequences clustered	3
central china	3
coronavirus type	3
crude protein	3
last pcr	3
sequences revealed	3
field fekov	3
transcriptase polymerase	3
virulent cv	3
study reports	3
western europe	3
edward island	3
coronavirus infections	3
stool specimens	3
microscopic lesions	3
virus transport	3
results show	3
binding capacity	3
gave negative	3
cellular membranes	3
also observed	3
hunting activities	3
caswell archambault	3
emerging human	3
three primer	3
thank dr	3
also collected	3
strain isolated	3
indel trials	3
fagbohun omobowale	3
first infection	3
challenge experiment	3
virus classification	3
search tool	3
comparative analyses	3
bovine parainfluenza	3
french indel	3
fekov genome	3
riyadh ry	3
mammary gland	3
alphacoronavirus isolate	3
bio inc	3
ongoing surveillance	3
vesicular stomatitis	3
variant strain	3
porcine dermatitis	3
related porcine	3
ascaris suum	3
clinical cases	3
acute diarrhea	3
challenge group	3
fresh medium	3
different ibv	3
weakly visible	3
within us	3
viral dna	3
vaccine strain	3
based method	3
encoding sequence	3
authors confirm	3
deltacoronavirus infection	3
pcr testing	3
moving average	3
different environmental	3
new genotypes	3
producing countries	3
tge ped	3
ecov mn	3
fekov strains	3
recall values	3
miniopterus schreibersii	3
pcr system	3
full spike	3
nucleotide identities	3
study may	3
ped detection	3
strom paranjpye	3
viral disease	3
genetic relationships	3
diagnostic rt	3
negative rates	3
watery diarrhoea	3
samples used	3
mean score	3
nearly complete	3
assessed using	3
group contact	3
new pedv	3
still needs	3
positive feed	3
sequence similarity	3
assay detected	3
clarified supernatants	3
analysis also	3
seminested pcr	3
also used	3
culture passage	3
china since	3
long distances	3
us non	3
following thermal	3
dpi sample	3
african continent	3
second bioassay	3
regional outbreaks	3
individuals may	3
camel alphacoronavirus	3
feline diarrhoea	3
aa del	3
iga antibody	3
positive sera	3
horse sera	3
shedding time	3
transmission kinetics	3
age groups	3
low volume	3
highly likely	3
genetic drift	3
commonly infecting	3
kit according	3
chinese lineage	3
suppurative bronchopneumonia	3
domain weight	3
caecal tonsils	3
kit gotaq	3
subsequent sequencing	3
ibvrt primer	3
farmed animals	3
different geographical	3
extracted nucleic	3
murine hepatitis	3
vazyme biotech	3
environmental samples	3
largely unknown	3
phylogeny based	3
rna detected	3
virus isolated	3
genomic sequence	3
late january	3
first step	3
antigen retrieval	3
intestinal homogenates	3
virus spike	3
viral targets	3
pneumonia associated	3
challenge model	3
stomatitis virus	3
masters perlman	3
strains similar	3
analysis tool	3
tested feed	3
antibiotic cocktail	3
protective efficiency	3
migrating wild	3
outbreak among	3
assay using	3
experts per	3
vector machines	3
virus inactivation	3
viral infection	3
retrieval signal	3
cruise ship	3
virus vaccine	3
study demonstrated	3
total number	3
viral infections	3
dom strain	3
slide microarray	3
potential conflict	3
feed intake	3
period february	3
genetic organization	3
potential transmission	3
virus variants	3
dneasy blood	3
canine population	3
neutral ph	3
examinations performed	3
virus replication	3
specific igg	3
dairy herd	3
low pathogenic	3
total nucleic	3
iowa state	3
virus infectious	3
significant difference	3
one positive	3
strains detected	3
prioritization exercises	3
binding region	3
pcr successfully	3
health concern	3
recombination patterns	3
orf protein	3
immunosorbent assay	3
mild increase	3
different countries	3
seven open	3
healthcare infrastructure	3
aa residues	3
bp amplicon	3
ibv within	3
cpv dna	3
oropharyngeal swab	3
rna extracts	3
detection program	3
experimental studies	3
human ace	3
distinct subtypes	3
lin chen	3
one sample	3
disease spread	3
observation station	3
continuing evolution	3
study describes	3
polyprotein orf	3
endemic migrating	3
korean pdcov	3
highly con	3
nucleotide composition	3
multiple serotypes	3
bovis may	3
em structure	3
sequence library	3
clinical course	3
turbo dnase	3
group members	3
escherichia coli	3
novel paramyxoviruses	3
absolute humidity	3
approximately million	3
new variant	3
novel variants	3
bigger datasets	3
inflammatory cells	3
bat cvs	3
representative pedv	3
infected vero	3
italian canine	3
domain weighing	3
enterica serovar	3
plasmid containing	3
time needed	3
cdna synthesis	3
animal covs	3
virus stock	3
dependent rna	3
serum neutralization	3
traditional sanger	3
diversity among	3
cov spike	3
evaluated using	3
disease crises	3
livestock species	3
pathogens associated	3
one piglet	3
recombination using	3
nasal discharge	3
china complete	3
different ages	3
north american	3
times daily	3
current status	3
latency period	3
variant isolates	3
rna replication	3
relationships among	3
camel coronavirus	3
brush border	3
poultry farms	3
among swine	3
nsp del	3
mega version	3
animal facility	3
major species	3
kobuvirus polyprotein	3
fusion activity	3
genetically diverse	3
hvr ii	3
recombination detection	3
human population	3
negative bacteria	3
reduced model	3
parvoviruses prevalent	3
coron aviru	3
ibv isolates	3
subjects exposed	3
abi ht	3
two non	3
cell receptor	3
viral gene	3
ml pbs	3
chn gs	3
chinese provinces	3
geographic distribution	3
natural bat	3
three contacts	3
final volume	3
ml penicillin	3
virucidal efficacy	3
egg drop	3
continuous evolution	3
tested negative	3
bat habitats	3
international concern	3
commercial dairy	3
molecular analyses	3
strain hljby	3
amplicons generated	3
manuscript accepted	3
univariate analysis	3
huge economic	3
evidence suggests	3
three groups	3
maternally derived	3
feces beginning	3
human viruses	3
full length	3
masked civet	3
infected herds	3
genetic recombination	3
virus nc	3
bcov mn	3
modified real	3
swine respiratory	3
bat origin	3
culture infectious	3
first study	3
strain identification	3
assays using	3
intermediate host	3
parvovirus detection	3
miniprep kit	3
studies reported	3
predicted target	3
malayan pangolins	3
study aimed	3
rio grande	3
distributed within	3
two types	3
pig population	3
global pedv	3
cpv infection	3
diagnostic real	3
enteric pathogens	3
virus challenge	3
exponential moving	3
deficient biosecurity	3
eight farms	3
growth rate	3
serotypes aavv	3
mf bat	3
following criteria	3
influenza pandemic	3
warner oliver	3
control probes	3
prototype strain	3
pdcov isolates	3
multocida strains	3
private veterinary	3
minor groove	3
tested using	3
ontario pedv	3
orally inoculated	3
detected csfv	3
chain reactions	3
sequencing using	3
nipah disease	3
moderate probability	3
korean bats	3
results also	3
pdcov spike	3
first two	3
regression tree	3
positive sample	3
gastric tube	3
comprehensive review	3
infected ferret	3
groove binder	3
pedv variants	3
target species	3
conventional neonatal	3
ebola outbreak	3
samples positive	3
cattle influenza	3
pedv cv	3
serologically negative	3
health systems	3
indel direct	3
extraction kit	3
commonly found	3
stayed detectable	3
review committee	3
selected randomly	3
horseradish peroxidase	3
animal experiments	3
emerging zoonoses	3
distantly related	3
complete model	3
serovar choleraesuis	3
strain compared	3
day exponential	3
serum antibodies	3
study represents	3
enteritis complex	3
gastroenteritis coronavirus	3
virological testing	3
testing results	3
monitored daily	3
pdcov isolated	3
isolated strains	3
taqman rt	3
molecular survey	3
per population	3
global distribution	3
naturally infected	3
similar results	3
class i	2
pcr mix	2
global swine	2
genome detection	2
faecal suspensions	2
indel group	2
piglets inoculated	2
covlike bat	2
singleplex assays	2
information table	2
efficient transmission	2
coronavirus may	2
changes previously	2
neglected dimension	2
genome ac	2
calves mycoplasma	2
serological response	2
neutralization epitopes	2
improve screening	2
databases containing	2
ruminants first	2
immunohistochemical findings	2
will contribute	2
best split	2
zoonotic pathogens	2
panciera confer	2
measures depend	2
molecular diagnostic	2
variation among	2
diarrhoea coronavirus	2
taq dna	2
hsju shr	2
database using	2
tryptose phosphate	2
analyses suggested	2
individual i	2
pcr steps	2
pcr amplicons	2
nucleotide substitution	2
korea outbreak	2
target genes	2
viral enteritis	2
mucosal immune	2
three bvdv	2
suspicious reactor	2
approximately kb	2
available due	2
specific binding	2
statistical modelling	2
collected daily	2
representative strains	2
health outbreak	2
pedv genomic	2
outbreak dynamics	2
coronavirus associated	2
gastroenteritis symptoms	2
sc ky	2
official lists	2
ii strains	2
repeat region	2
heptad repeat	2
related cpv	2
pcr positive	2
high rate	2
family cluster	2
csf viruses	2
culture medium	2
canine rotavirus	2
diarrhoea severity	2
premature termination	2
statistical analyses	2
genera originate	2
related deaths	2
seats close	2
directions using	2
sustained contact	2
fluorescent intensity	2
pig inoculated	2
acute outbreaks	2
maintenance medium	2
strict accordance	2
dry milk	2
pcr control	2
pig herd	2
ala substitution	2
emergence enveloped	2
much less	2
newly emerging	2
ho cave	2
coinfection rate	2
equine dpp	2
pbs nonidet	2
joint mission	2
days postinoculation	2
two phylogenetic	2
negative samples	2
vulnificus biotype	2
domestic pigs	2
chinese passengers	2
short time	2
certain studies	2
likelihood model	2
outbreak originating	2
bungowannah virus	2
stool using	2
two decades	2
microbiology system	2
canine respiratory	2
ages porcine	2
paules fauci	2
coronavirus hemagglutinin	2
titre nrc	2
virulent strain	2
virus slips	2
strains shared	2
contained infectivity	2
analyses indicated	2
immune sera	2
unclarified emulsion	2
conducted using	2
lineage detected	2
novel corona	2
large phylogenies	2
current pandemic	2
shopping venue	2
two feed	2
new data	2
fold serial	2
amplicons formed	2
genomic dna	2
ncov outbreak	2
tcov study	2
family cases	2
intradomain weight	2
rate categories	2
mean pixel	2
brazil bovine	2
clinical status	2
field variants	2
stool samples	2
amplification assay	2
national health	2
mallard ducks	2
subsequent serial	2
per microliter	2
coronavirus rsshc	2
trizol ls	2
significant enteropathy	2
coronavirus wiv	2
invariant sites	2
ibv vaccines	2
nasal material	2
lung sections	2
pdcov exhibits	2
values calculated	2
lethal bacterium	2
rapid amplification	2
ped epizootics	2
using one	2
affected pigs	2
two pedv	2
measures taken	2
mixed infections	2
sequence mf	2
nsp genes	2
two animals	2
cases within	2
grey boxes	2
previous disease	2
chicken embryos	2
species farms	2
evolutionary dynamics	2
causes severe	2
institute wageningen	2
two new	2
encephalitis virus	2
challenged piglets	2
pattern based	2
disease viruses	2
laboratory analysis	2
two genotypes	2
reaction contained	2
emerging public	2
economically important	2
research data	2
short period	2
large roundworm	2
rna segments	2
depend mainly	2
personal hygiene	2
possible aerosol	2
national public	2
characteristic histopathologic	2
specific detection	2
generating strains	2
pestivirus strains	2
paraffin wax	2
ethical statement	2
garda world	2
linear regression	2
developing countries	2
infectious long	2
aligning dna	2
serious cases	2
rna load	2
washed three	2
gln arg	2
different routes	2
within enterocytes	2
cm distance	2
nicholas ayling	2
denaturing detergent	2
week postinoculation	2
egg production	2
korean prototype	2
previous issue	2
initial usa	2
histopathologic diagnosis	2
porcine bocavirus	2
sequences evidenced	2
points allocated	2
four bacterial	2
data sharing	2
global pdcov	2
eight subgenotypes	2
three contact	2
pathologic findings	2
nc porcine	2
detect new	2
prevention control	2
including ibv	2
tools distinct	2
fresh unextracted	2
stochastic algorithm	2
positive beginning	2
emerging coronaviruses	2
ranked high	2
among isolates	2
following inoculation	2
strains revealed	2
geographical origin	2
dna sequences	2
one representative	2
distance model	2
outbreak without	2
generalized additive	2
th passage	2
wound infection	2
became completely	2
positive intestinal	2
bacterial pathogen	2
length sequences	2
corresponding encoded	2
parvovirus high	2
acetylneuraminate lyase	2
systemic resilience	2
results may	2
mm dntp	2
canadian council	2
piglets nidovirales	2
reproductive syndrome	2
future analyses	2
precautionary measures	2
accessed march	2
shutting everything	2
perspective genome	2
demonstrated experimentally	2
deduced aa	2
events occurred	2
pandemic response	2
original sample	2
signs compared	2
taqman probe	2
purification kit	2
mannitol fructose	2
nc murine	2
numbers mk	2
per run	2
piglet formula	2
percentage reliability	2
chicken meat	2
unique gln	2
standard test	2
positive rt	2
viral spread	2
station closest	2
contains four	2
less clear	2
authors also	2
usa field	2
migratory birds	2
experimental animals	2
hvr iii	2
pathogenicity experiments	2
illness broilers	2
growth models	2
driven analysis	2
contagious nature	2
five samples	2
macrophage functions	2
changhee title	2
host spectra	2
beds per	2
eight piglets	2
concern novel	2
ml streptomycin	2
diagnostic evaluation	2
lung pathology	2
antibodies directed	2
vector system	2
time required	2
severe impact	2
caused substantial	2
chest ct	2
longitudinal study	2
multiplex pcrs	2
using bigdye	2
parvovirus circulation	2
first isolated	2
within days	2
virus genomes	2
gds mf	2
lower intestine	2
reactions consisted	2
domain databases	2
pcr amplicon	2
effective stochastic	2
villi damage	2
novel bovine	2
novel pedv	2
tissues sections	2
commercial milk	2
immunization group	2
early infection	2
since august	2
data suggest	2
street dogs	2
genotypes based	2
high pathogenicity	2
peste des	2
disease signs	2
pig producers	2
tissue cultured	2
provide additional	2
highest amino	2
shed infectious	2
one study	2
genetic relationship	2
histological lesions	2
feed group	2
eu bang	2
template molecules	2
guinea fowl	2
rna transcripts	2
parvovirus sequences	2
current situation	2
environmental stability	2
kxhxx motif	2
friendly microarray	2
cows without	2
personal communication	2
target step	2
id tm	2
reported longer	2
porcine ace	2
microarray technology	2
large multi	2
ped epidemics	2
copper nickel	2
sequence properties	2
sequences mega	2
log copies	2
pathogenicity evaluation	2
may likely	2
method based	2
dk services	2
changes resulted	2
adult cattle	2
publicly available	2
sagong lee	2
ml dose	2
new perspective	2
receptor specificity	2
one strain	2
may help	2
circovirus associated	2
easy vector	2
spot syndrome	2
gel band	2
feline population	2
diarrheal disease	2
mm mgcl	2
coronavirus related	2
formula every	2
virus entry	2
different parts	2
virulent genotype	2
detectable ecov	2
ibvrt taqman	2
derived antibodies	2
infectious individual	2
criteria related	2
porcine cell	2
sero titre	2
acute gastroenteritis	2
pigs showing	2
response variable	2
current biosecurity	2
samples contained	2
submitted samples	2
tree using	2
piglets porcine	2
first test	2
mallard jilin	2
extracted dna	2
faecal specimens	2
study will	2
wholesale market	2
inactivated genotype	2
northwestern china	2
susceptible population	2
statistical analysis	2
inoculated animals	2
host ranges	2
high sensitivity	2
good sanitary	2
humidity difference	2
detected strains	2
like virus	2
reduces virus	2
gross pathologic	2
anatomical changes	2
natural recombinant	2
swine farm	2
enterocytes observed	2
tm one	2
chinese pcv	2
fi value	2
fat dry	2
aerosolization time	2
genbank databases	2
human transmission	2
complete genomic	2
became undetectable	2
moribund layers	2
molecular investigation	2
protein coding	2
ecov strain	2
infected bird	2
capacities combined	2
limited role	2
within tour	2
prdc include	2
natural variant	2
negligible effect	2
closest sequence	2
thawed three	2
coronavirus porcine	2
meteorological variables	2
excretion detected	2
relative proportions	2
pressure cooker	2
faecal shedding	2
livestock score	2
ongoing crises	2
study period	2
electrophoretically driven	2
transmembrane protein	2
suckling piglet	2
identify countries	2
currently present	2
survive longer	2
reported cases	2
variations within	2
longer persistence	2
sars coronaviruses	2
pork industry	2
strains including	2
clustalx windows	2
groups received	2
less pathogenic	2
developed symptoms	2
koslov strain	2
qiagen one	2
may potentiate	2
pigs molecular	2
clear separation	2
four provinces	2
sly gene	2
discrete gamma	2
commercial broiler	2
isolate pdcov	2
frequently detected	2
respiratory system	2
pcr conditions	2
taxi driver	2
enhance current	2
ncov spike	2
development goals	2
inferred using	2
box unit	2
zoonotic coronavirus	2
amplified csfv	2
shimane isolated	2
outbound flight	2
lower mortality	2
viral shedding	2
early transmission	2
oc strain	2
indoor heating	2
au droit	2
field applications	2