quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
middle east respiratory syndrome77
severe acute respiratory syndrome68
j hosp infect doi62
east respiratory syndrome coronavirus54
n a l p44
p r o o44
r o o f44
u r n a44
a l p r44
l p r e44
r n a l44
j o u r44
o u r n44
neonatal intensive care unit35
infection prevention and control35
for the prevention of34
of personal protective equipment29
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus27
of severe acute respiratory24
reduce the risk of24
systematic review or a22
a systematic review or22
of middle east respiratory22
review or a meta21
the risk of cr21
decrease in ffr particle21
at the time of21
a neonatal intensive care21
in a neonatal intensive20
for disease control and20
was associated with a19
disease control and prevention19
or more of the18
the risk of infection18
total number of studies17
one or more of17
with the use of16
a systematic review of16
reducing the risk of16
has been shown to16
that the use of16
of the review questions15
the world health organization15
the intensive care unit15
more of the review15
associated urinary tract infections15
bsi and related complications15
during the study period14
centers for disease control14
with radiologically confirmed hap14
infectious diseases society of14
relates to infections associated14
clinical diagnosis of hap14
is written in english14
to infections associated with14
to reduce the risk14
as well as the14
a systematic review and13
in ffr particle filtration13
it is important to13
systematic review and meta13
in the context of12
liquid soap and water12
a risk factor for12
line removal and mortality12
outbreak in south korea12
premature line removal and12
national and international guidelines12
of this study was12
total number of articles12
in reducing the risk12
to improve hand hygiene12
in the intervention group12
official publication of the12
term indwelling urethral catheter12
of central venous catheters11
hands must be decontaminated11
in the incidence of11
and related complications including11
it was not possible11
central venous access device11
minimise the risk of11
the authors concluded that11
related complications including phlebitis11
in ffr particle penetration10
in the control group10
in the united states10
was not possible to10
use of personal protective10
in the intensive care10
were included in the10
review of the literature10
the risk of cauti10
suspected or confirmed covid10
this study was to10
of nosocomial infections in10
the risk of transmission10
a clinical diagnosis of10
urinary tract infections in10
studies have reported that10
term indwelling urethral catheters10
n filtering facepiece respirators10
the aim of this10
of vaporized h o10
occupational safety and health9
respiratory syndrome coronavirus in9
of the infectious diseases9
safety from infectious diseases9
the majority of studies9
in the absence of9
the middle east respiratory9
for the detection of9
of respiratory syncytial virus9
associated with the use9
a summary of the9
the first quarter of9
in the case of9
publication of the infectious9
an official publication of9
in the first quarter9
systematic review of the9
the department of health9
neonatal intensive care units9
the republic of korea9
the use of a9
the infectious diseases society9
in intensive care units9
use and disposal of9
in a hospital in8
aerosol and surface stability8
safe use and disposal8
in the republic of8
significant decrease in ffr8
articles that described primary8
and disposal of sharps8
a lower risk of8
a retrospective cohort study8
all articles that described8
ed any additional evidence8
been shown to be8
whilst updating our systematic8
journal of hospital infection8
for the use of8
to minimise the risk8
patients with radiologically confirmed8
with a reduction in8
was achieved through discussion8
infection control in the8
of safety from infectious8
of nosocomial transmission of8
no significant decrease in8
critically appraised by two8
acute respiratory syndrome in8
on the use of8
as compared with sars8
aim of this study8
and grading was achieved8
that described primary research8
and surface stability of8
surface stability of sars8
neither we nor hicpac8
there is no evidence8
of helicobacter pylori infection8
based on the best8
grading was achieved through8
to the use of8
does not appear to8
consensus and grading was8
compliance with hand hygiene8
and risk factors for7
rms that the article7
institute for occupational safety7
criteria were independently critically7
caring for patients with7
to inform one or7
a tertiary care hospital7
a small number of7
the end of the7
updating our systematic review7
were independently critically appraised7
for the decontamination of7
risk of transmission of7
including the above designs7
and the number of7
inform one or more7
in the presence of7
using sign and epoc7
in neonatal intensive care7
a randomized controlled trial7
what is the effectiveness7
studies selected for appraisal7
the course of the7
it is possible that7
is based on the7
should not be used7
for appraisal during sift7
to the rapidly evolving7
with no patient contact7
sign and epoc criteria7
penetration after three decontamination7
and the risk of7
the spread of infection7
central venous catheters in7
for occupational safety and7
appears to inform one7
as part of a7
informs one or more7
prevention and control of7
prevention of central venous7
have been shown to7
respiratory syncytial virus infection7
the prevention of catheter7
the prevention of cr7
guideline development advisory group7
after three decontamination cycles7
and appears to inform7
sift criteria were independently7
the infection control team7
number of studies selected7
outbreak of severe acute7
be aware of the7
selected for appraisal during7
were found to be7
serial intervals of six7
particle penetration after three7
the performance of the7
in health care settings7
the effectiveness of the7
the sift criteria were7
an intensive care unit7
and met the sift7
reduce the incidence of7
indicates that the article7
protective equipment should be7
the modified t system7
and informs one or7
abstract indicates that the7
the total number of7
of studies selected for7
effective in reducing the7
urinary tract infection in7
by two appraisers using7
met the sift criteria7
with suspected or confirmed7
over the course of7
two appraisers using sign7
appraisers using sign and7
for a clinical diagnosis7
national institute for occupational7
ffr particle penetration after7
appraised by two appraisers7
analysis and met the7
independently critically appraised by7
on the best critically6
need to be incorporated6
in this systematic review6
an ultrasonically activated stream6
aged less than two6
of central venous catheter6
recommendations are not detailed6
best critically appraised evidence6
this is indicated in6
improve hand hygiene compliance6
critically appraised evidence currently6
six to eight days6
some recommendations from the6
response to the rapidly6
and the use of6
compared the use of6
be incorporated into local6
of the hospital environment6
the best critically appraised6
number of articles retrieved6
shown to be effective6
of hand hygiene compliance6
of acceptable quality whilst6
as an alternative to6
it is likely that6
any additional evidence of6
associated with significantly lower6
are not detailed procedural6
audit and feedback of6
personal protective equipment should6
guidance is based on6
to ensure that the6
linked to each recommendation6
occupational health outpatient clinic6
at the same time6
may be due to6
evidence of acceptable quality6
n filtering facepiece respirator6
is indicated in the6
on the other hand6
these recommendations are not6
wearing a face mask6
a number of studies6
and class of supporting6
studies have shown that6
in order to prevent6
helicobacter pylori infection in6
for the removal of6
were associated with a6
during sift all articles6
can be used to6
healthcare workers should be6
the rapidly evolving epidemiology6
diseases society of america6
class of supporting evidence6
national nosocomial infections surveillance6
explicitly linked to each6
perception of safety from6
of hospital infection s6
tertiary care hospital in6
articles retrieved from sift6
there is a risk6
less than two years6
evidence explicitly linked to6
in accordance with the6
respiratory syncytial virus outbreak6
recommendations from the previous6
children aged less than6
indicated in the text6
bloodstream infections in the6
of filtering facepiece respirators6
as a result of6
insertion and maintenance of6
for filtering facepiece respirators6
a total of patients6
at the point of6
dependent on particle size6
the guideline development advisory6
is a risk of6
the risk of catheter6
have been revised to6
hands are visibly soiled6
quality whilst updating our6
to each recommendation is6
analysis including the above6
and need to be6
appraised evidence currently available6
with middle east respiratory6
and disinfection of toys6
none are regarded as6
the safe use and6
number of articles located6
incorporated into local guidelines6
impregnated central venous catheters6
one of the most6
of five decontamination methods6
appraisal during sift all6
in the prevention of6
the type and class6
of articles retrieved from6
of hospitalized patients with6
personal protective equipment for6
a wide range of6
more than of the6
passed the fit test6
with special reference to6
is the effectiveness of6
type and class of6
of urinary tract infections6
are regarded as optional6
each recommendation is described6
on the incidence of6
additional evidence of acceptable6
shown in table i6
of blood or body6
disinfection of n respirators6
the severe acute respiratory6
sift all articles that6
not included in the6
current national and international6
related bloodstream infections in6
tested positive for rsv6
group compared with the6
the occupational health outpatient6
to the spread of6
supporting evidence explicitly linked6
this guidance is based6
in jeddah and riyadh6
of the use of6
associated with radiologically confirmed6
by health care workers6
acceptable quality whilst updating6
cycle of vaporized h6
the singh thattha technique6
to be incorporated into6
not detailed procedural protocols6
of supporting evidence explicitly6
revised to improve clarity6
in the nursery environment6
were more likely to6
been revised to improve6
interventions to improve hand6
syncytial virus infection in6
tcid reduction in spiked5
in spiked influenza viral5
the health and safety5
located abstract indicates that5
a single cycle of5
of infection prevention and5
the use of abhr5
influenza a h n5
of an outbreak of5
hand hygiene in health5
spiked influenza viral load5
effective for the prevention5
course of the outbreak5
included in the study5
of studies accepted after5
evidence to suggest that5
of the insertion site5
in alcohol for patients5
in the neonatal unit5
prevalence of nosocomial infections5
catheter and drainage system5
cleaning and disinfection of5
respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection5
the neonatal intensive care5
abstract and full text5
from sift full text5
for middle east respiratory5
when hands are visibly5
removed as soon as5
accident and emergency department5
the recommendations are divided5
preventing nosocomial transmission of5
come into contact with5
log tcid reduction in5
for the purposes of5
changes in physical traits5
the risk of bacteriuria5
significantly reduce rates of5
of studies rejected after5
with liquid soap and5
and feedback of compliance5
in the present study5
to ensure that healthcare5
associated with a reduction5
trained and competent in5
and personal protective equipment5
based guidelines for preventing5
is presented in table5
the use of an5
alcohol for patients with5
a central venous catheter5
reported that use of5
use application of chlorhexidine5
rapidly evolving epidemiology of5
the top of the5
number of studies rejected5
kingdom of saudi arabia5
awareness of infection control5
transmission of infectious diseases5
from surgical stainless steel5
ed a systematic review5
the transmission dynamics of5
paediatric intensive care unit5
ultrasonically activated water stream5
ministry of health and5
epidemiological and clinical characteristics5
intensive care units in5
were excluded from the5
evolving epidemiology of the5
over a period of5
was found between the5
iodine in alcohol for5
application of chlorhexidine gluconate5
previous guidelines have been5
with sensitivity to chlorhexidine5
gluconate in isopropyl alcohol5
or potentially contaminated with5
evidence for the effectiveness5
before and after the5
has been described to5
an assessment of the5
was found to be5
guidelines have been revised5
systematic review of studies5
number of studies have5
in critically ill patients5
the idea model is5
staphylococcus aureus control in5
and clinical characteristics of5
investigated the use of5
there is evidence that5
case of middle east5
the intervention group and5
of articles located abstract5
the previous guidelines have5
escalating infection control response5
from the previous guidelines5
to be effective in5
of urinary tract infection5
a prospective study of5
the results of the5
efficacy and safety of5
the prevention of hcai5
studies accepted after critical5
a potential source of5
to hand hygiene guidelines5
aerosol penetration and airflow5
significant difference in the5
a prospective cohort study5
at c in air5
penetration and airflow resistance5
the use of chg5
the risk for cr5
retrieved from sift full5
hands of healthcare workers5
for patients with sensitivity5
resistant staphylococcus aureus in5
for helicobacter pylori infection5
level of occupational exposure5
of the coronavirus disease5
the evidence base for5
of n filtering facepiece5
in the rate of5
accepted after critical appraisal5
chlorhexidine gluconate in isopropyl5
reduces the risk of5
using the incidence decay5
the estimated r values5
risk of occupational exposure5
in the setting of5
a high risk of5
the removal of gloves5
epidemiology of the coronavirus5
protective equipment at work5
study that compared the5
what is the evidence5
prevalence of helicobacter pylori5
was similar to that5
is the most common5
the mers outbreak in5
among health care workers5
feedback of compliance with5
associated with a lower5
the prevalence of h5
increase the risk of5
the maternal genital tract5
articles located abstract indicates5
infection control response to5
of health care workers5
in the united kingdom5
of chlorhexidine gluconate in5
the incidence of catheter5
the incidence decay with5
at the insertion site5
date of symptom onset5
to surgical stainless steel5
on the day of5
in accordance with local5
following decontamination with a5
ed one systematic review5
e loss of bioefficiency5
rejected after critical appraisal5
number of studies accepted5
suggested that the use5
patients with sensitivity to5
seven and eight days5
the bioefficiency of the5
the risk of nosocomial5
and other respiratory viruses5
title abstract and full5
in an intensive care5
reduction in spiked influenza5
for severe acute respiratory5
cant difference in the5
that compared the use5
resistant staphylococcus aureus control5
adherence to hand hygiene5
recommendations are divided into5
should be used for5
with a central venous5
mers outbreak in korea5
be used as a5
control response to the5
of the patients with5
and full text review5
risk of nosocomial transmission5
was not associated with5
soiled or potentially contaminated5
from infectious diseases and5
in addition to the5
this is the first5
the proportion of subjects5
studies have investigated the5
povidone iodine in alcohol5
loss of human lives5
for the effectiveness of5
or povidone iodine in5
studies rejected after critical5
infections in the intensive5
healthcare workers should ensure4
patient contact or care4
about the importance of4
the stability of sars4
this study was performed4
in which more than4
for the insertion and4
are associated with a4
an emerging infectious disease4
attention to the tips4
of compliance with practice4
outbreaks and sporadic incidents4
on filtering facepiece respirator4
with soap and water4
for decontamination of n4
a novel coronavirus from4
coated urinary catheters in4
the current practice of4
tract infections in the4
infection and or colonisation4
and considerations during severe4
for central venous catheters4
samples from patients with4
in order to minimise4
continuing use or prompt4
decontamination methods for filtering4
policies for waste management4
surfaces of the hand4
colonisation when a suspected4
presented in table iii4
risk of infection with4
is no evidence that4
cases of infection and4
there was a significant4
before the peak in4
single cycle of vaporized4
in ksa and south4
appraisal total number of4
the context of the4
r values from the4
the areas between the4
the world health organisation4
incubated at room temperature4
into contact with all4
the high prevalence of4
foundation for statistical computing4
and related complications adverse4
transmission of microorganisms to4
h at c in4
national institute for health4
can be used for4
following the removal of4
does not mean that4
h n influenza virus4
the study period was4
central venous access devices4
with local policies for4
that there is no4
language and environment for4
be rubbed together vigorously4
hygiene in health care4
study was approved by4
particular attention to the4
of into the appropriate4
appropriate use and management4
be more effective than4
health and safety legislation4
filtering facepiece respirator fit4
must be worn where4
an experience in a4
rooms of patients with4
highly effective at inactivating4
we were unable to4
syndrome in hong kong4
with the index cases4
change in aerosol penetration4
to support the appropriate4
of infection associated with4
personal protective equipment at4
each episode of direct4
r foundation for statistical4
experience in a general4
as soon as possible4
this section discusses the4
for prevention of catheter4
the use of gloves4
reverse transcriptionepolymerase chain reaction4
syncytial virus outbreak in4
contamination may contribute to4
was approved by the4
use of surgical masks4
with the ultrasonically activated4
the appropriate use and4
five decontamination methods for4
for contact times of4
in the hospital and4
the use of respirator4
contact with the patient4
risk of exposure to4
disposed of into the4
after critical appraisal total4
the poorest communities of4
reducing the incidence of4
the tips of the4
on filtering facepiece respirators4
a fit factor following4
which more than of4
no change in aerosol4
with a hepa filter4
healthcare products regulatory agency4
the national institute for4
of an infection control4
recommendation has been made4
at the level of4
significantly lower levels of4
can survive in the4
for all healthcare workers4
or colonisation when a4
control practices advisory committee4
the spread of covid4
in the operating theatre4
venous and arterial catheters4
catheters for the prevention4
interventions to reduce the4
on the risk of4
of randomised controlled trials4
limitation of this study4
to the tips of4
sampling was undertaken using4
waste stream in accordance4
guidelines for preventing healthcare4
accordance with local policies4
in the clinical setting4
a suspected or known4
in a hospital with4
an infection control bundle4
decontamination of n ffrs4
intravenous antimicrobials for a4
rna was detected in4
in nhs hospitals in4
and after the intervention4
the outbreak of severe4
that the majority of4
respiratory syndrome in hong4
reported in table i4
for a minimum of4
environment for statistical computing4
related complications adverse events4
the time of admission4
nosocomial infection of s4
by severe acute respiratory4
a reduction in the4
proportion of subjects achieving4
concentration of the target4
ensure their timely removal4
contribute to the spread4
used to determine the4
should be rubbed together4
were obtained from the4
of liquid soap and4
in the developing world4
associated with increased risk4
a major role in4
appropriate waste stream in4
outbreak cluster in a4
patients with coronavirus disease4
local policies for waste4
lack of resources for4
the results of this4
associated with nosocomial infections4
central venous catheters for4
demonstrated a reduction in4
infection control practices advisory4
and the areas between4
and the potential for4
have been associated with4
where a new recommendation4
the accident and emergency4
institute for health and4
reduce the number of4
an increased risk of4
negative pressure isolation rooms4
infection in a neonatal4
and environmental contamination may4
wearing a surgical mask4
during the first days4
the performance of a4
should be aware of4
efficacy of various disinfectants4
of direct patient contact4
of a novel coronavirus4
patients and their attendants4
the prevalence of nosocomial4
directly observed hand hygiene4
as part of the4
of hepatitis c virus4
known pathogen can survive4
must come into contact4
transmission of severe acute4
of the middle east4
no conflicts of interest4
effective at inactivating hcov4
and environment for statistical4
risk of nosocomial infection4
was carried out using4
us centers for disease4
control or cohort studies4
cluster in a hospital4
cov outbreak in south4
the continuing use or4
in response to the4
with blood or body4
there are a number4
at the end of4
protective equipment for coronavirus4
of infection control practices4
the presence of sars4
nhs hospitals in england4
are a number of4
patients with suspected or4
episode of direct patient4
the appropriate waste stream4
medical gloves for single4
been shown to have4
duration of hospital stay4
of respiratory viral infections4
met the inclusion criteria4
been shown to reduce4
and central venous catheter4
to health care workers4
where there is a4
this study did not4
in the neonatal intensive4
section discusses the evidence4
the source of the4
critical appraisal total number4
transmission of coronavirus disease4
least one of the4
royal college of nursing4
parts of the world4
as a cause of4
hands should be rubbed4
intervals of six to4
the spread of the4
first quarter of to4
been shown to significantly4
suspected or known pathogen4
virus infection in a4
use or prompt the4
considerations during severe shortages4
in the rv group4
lumen central venous catheters4
into the appropriate waste4
for the purpose of4
paying particular attention to4
hand hygiene compliance and4
tissue culture infectious dose4
prompt the removal of4
that need to be4
symptomatic urinary tract infection4
patients treated for hap4
that the risk of4
air changes per hour4
sterilization of n respirators4
compliance with practice guidelines4
receiving intravenous antimicrobials for4
of the developing world4
skin or mucous membranes4
soap and water and4
has been suggested that4
pathogen can survive in4
a number of interventions4
shaffer re evaluation of4
environmental contamination may contribute4
evaluation of five decontamination4
outbreaks of rsv in4
respiratory syncytial virus in4
increased risk of covid4
the appropriate use of4
for up to days4
for the majority of4
patients with intravascular catheters4
may contribute to the4
a randomized clinical trial4
were found in the4
it has been suggested4
worn a surgical mask4
new recommendation has been4
respiratory syndrome coronavirus rna4
should be made available4
of the effect of4
a central venous access4
the routine use of4
associated with reductions in4
outbreaks in ksa and4
within h of admission4
hand hygiene compliance in4
the impact of the4
the majority of the4
between the number of4
highlights the importance of4
close contact with the4
detection of novel coronavirus4
of soap and water4
rate of infection in4
one of these studies4
other morbidities and mortality4
studies that compared the4
of nosocomial infection in4
is considered to be4
significantly lower rates of4
to the occupational health4
and or colonisation when4
reduce the spread of4
medicines and healthcare products4
in the control of4
to be associated with4
no significant differences in4
positive in of samples4
the inlet of the4
review the continuing use4
use of face masks4
thumbs and the areas4
filtering facepiece respirators after4
served as a control4
room temperature and c4
of infection and or4
direct patient contact or4
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus4
and infection control team4
operating at l min4
in the event of4
for hand hygiene and4
top of the head4
efficiency dependent on particle4
the use of ppe4
intervention group and from4
the thumbs and the4
were not included in4
equipment for coronavirus disease4
antimicrobials for a clinical4
when a suspected or4
more likely to have4
the point of care4
as a method of4
with tryptic soy agar4
detection of viral rna4
in terms of the4
or known pathogen can4
involving direct patient contact4
the efficiency of the4
workers should ensure that4
to reduce the incidence4
spread of infectious diseases4
the target pathogen e4
at room temperature and4
nosocomial transmission of coronavirus4
as a source of4
use and management of4
as a risk factor4
to prevent spread of4
to review the continuing4
o o f key4
we would like to4
infections in a neonatal4
reduction in the incidence4
test was used to4
and healthcare products regulatory4
performing the aseptic technique4
outbreak in the republic4
the infection prevention and4
the idea model was4
a new recommendation has4
there is a need4
survive in the environment4
e collection efficiency dependent4
selection and use of4
nosocomial infections surveillance system4
and ensure their timely4
fungal infections in neonates4
use of alcohol hand4
adverse events including phlebitis4
the ox serum broth4
the incidence of infection4
the insertion site is4
ksa and south korea4
there was no significant4
with at least one4
the nosocomial transmission of4
outbreak of rsv in4
stream in accordance with4
solution must come into4
studies have found that4
remain suspended in air4
in conjunction with the4
at least one of4
like to acknowledge the4
worn where there is4
a significant proportion of4
in rooms of patients4
collection efficiency dependent on4
of patients treated for4
decontamination with a disinfectant4
through the use of4
patients in separate rooms4
to natural rubber latex4
in a general ward4
the duration of catheterisation4
support the appropriate use4
was identified as a4
in england and wales4
outbreak of respiratory syncytial4
for patients in whom4
the incidence of nosocomial4
contamination of the hospital4
when compared to the4
with increased risk of4
reminders to review the4
or prompt the removal4
has been associated with4
of six to eight4
gloves for single use4
complications adverse events including4
be worn where there4
a language and environment4
are likely to be4
acquired urinary tract infections4
of infection control measures4
helicobacter pylori infection among4
methods for filtering facepiece4
a review of the4
be educated about the4
in the management of4
health care workers in4
for the spread of4
be in place to3
aseptic technique should be3
and south korean hospitals3
the prevention and control3
a large number of3
severity of underlying illness3
model to the cumulative3
of indwelling urinary catheters3
than two years admitted3
as one of the3
in the number of3
particle filtration log tcid3
guidelines on hand hygiene3
the mouth and nose3
respiratory virus shedding in3
in physical traits following3
at increased risk of3
dream lab one pte3
care personnel during exposures3
during the mers outbreak3
relatives and healthcare workers3
for the management of3
vitro and in vivo3
a tracheal aspirate sample3
strategy to reduce catheter3
there is limited evidence3
the medicines and healthcare3
the presence of viral3
hand hygiene and glove3
coated or impregnated with3
of a single ctns3
influenza pandemic in the3
for use against sars3
for mortality of adult3
incidence epidemic curves using3
effective hand hygiene and3
of the participants at3
research did not receive3
negative pressure isolation room3
of cleaning and disinfection3
personnel during exposures to3
appropriate respiratory protective equipment3
the complexity of the3
the level of the3
bsi in patients with3
the peak in admitted3
days in the first3
were found to reduce3
hand hygiene practice during3
in china during the3
risk factor for the3
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a reduction in catheter2
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via gradual geographic extension2
prevention of nosocomial outbreaks2
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largest outbreak cluster in2
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methods on filtering facepiece2
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ability of uas to2
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