trigram

This is a table of type trigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

trigram	frequency
the presence of	387
in this study	371
infectious bronchitis virus	305
porcine epidemic diarrhea	303
epidemic diarrhea virus	255
analysis of the	234
as well as	228
and respiratory syndrome	221
arch virol doi	216
of the virus	212
reproductive and respiratory	202
porcine reproductive and	201
mouse hepatitis virus	201
of the s	200
based on the	196
feline infectious peritonitis	183
in the presence	173
the present study	171
respiratory syndrome virus	169
the cells were	166
a n d	163
the s protein	161
data not shown	151
the detection of	147
according to the	145
of porcine epidemic	143
the s gene	139
transmissible gastroenteritis virus	136
of infectious bronchitis	132
avian infectious bronchitis	132
one of the	132
as described previously	129
in the present	129
t h e	127
the number of	126
sequence of the	122
shown in fig	119
end of the	118
for h at	117
it has been	116
found to be	114
sequences of the	113
the absence of	110
was detected in	110
as shown in	110
amino acid sequence	109
in the s	107
polymerase chain reaction	107
has been reported	104
phylogenetic analysis of	104
a and b	103
the united states	103
members of the	102
of the viral	102
been shown to	101
the amino acid	101
due to the	100
detected in the	98
for the detection	96
in order to	95
amino acid sequences	94
for min at	94
showed that the	93
and characterization of	93
at room temperature	93
to determine the	93
the use of	92
were obtained from	91
the effect of	90
in the absence	90
all of the	90
to that of	90
region of the	89
the end of	89
acute respiratory syndrome	88
that of the	88
has been shown	88
respiratory syndrome coronavirus	88
severe acute respiratory	88
closely related to	88
infectious peritonitis virus	86
was used to	86
in the united	84
p and p	83
sequence analysis of	83
the role of	82
was performed using	82
were infected with	82
was carried out	81
r n a	81
found in the	81
herpes simplex virus	80
influenza a virus	80
a total of	80
were found to	78
the prevalence of	78
involved in the	78
in the same	78
characterization of a	77
was used as	77
characterization of the	76
a t e	76
was added to	76
to those of	76
of porcine reproductive	75
as described above	75
the development of	75
of the genome	74
a number of	74
member of the	73
were detected in	72
this study was	72
cells infected with	71
of avian infectious	71
the addition of	70
of the family	70
hepatitis c virus	69
the production of	69
of a novel	69
a member of	68
the surface of	68
were used to	67
the pathogenesis of	67
rna was extracted	67
shown to be	67
used as a	67
have been reported	67
the replication of	66
used in this	66
t h a	66
e n t	66
most of the	66
was extracted from	66
in cell culture	65
as previously described	65
in addition to	65
a n t	65
was found to	64
the results of	64
the ability of	64
s gene of	64
to investigate the	64
mouth disease virus	64
those of the	64
any of the	63
vesicular stomatitis virus	63
h n influenza	62
the middle east	62
used in the	62
shown in table	61
cells were washed	61
obtained from the	61
of the n	61
changes in the	60
indicated that the	60
of feline infectious	60
of the orf	60
nucleotide sequence of	60
middle east respiratory	60
of the two	60
differences in the	59
there was no	59
were inoculated with	59
for detection of	59
pcr products were	59
east respiratory syndrome	59
t e d	59
part of the	58
on the other	58
were observed in	58
was used for	57
of these viruses	57
related to the	57
present in the	56
of influenza virus	56
were collected from	56
were carried out	56
similar to that	56
the sequence of	56
was isolated from	56
the level of	56
the cell surface	55
antiviral activity of	55
were subjected to	55
to be a	55
was obtained from	55
of mouse hepatitis	54
were used as	54
the n protein	54
of the genus	54
observed in the	54
were positive for	54
has not been	54
were treated with	54
the lack of	54
the other hand	54
comparison of the	54
this work was	53
cells were infected	53
molecular characterization of	53
compared to the	53
and stored at	53
on the surface	53
similar to those	53
and phylogenetic analysis	52
could not be	52
structural proteins of	52
was supported by	52
infectious bursal disease	52
are shown in	52
respiratory syncytial virus	52
than that of	51
of influenza a	51
structure of the	51
the virus was	51
conflict of interest	51
similar to the	51
was observed in	51
i t h	51
infected cells were	51
were used for	51
w i t	51
an important role	51
of transmissible gastroenteritis	50
associated with the	50
the majority of	50
infected with the	50
the amount of	50
have shown that	50
s and s	49
was determined by	49
three times with	49
genome sequence of	49
the plates were	49
the expression of	48
equine arteritis virus	48
h a t	48
with those of	48
in the case	48
virus infection in	48
in patients with	48
virus in the	48
in the middle	48
s protein of	47
the most common	47
suggest that the	47
none of the	47
of bovine coronavirus	47
the emergence of	47
were isolated from	47
washed three times	47
respiratory tract infections	47
isolation and characterization	47
the case of	47
appears to be	46
incubated for h	46
the formation of	46
hemorrhagic fever virus	46
of a new	46
were added to	46
nucleotide sequences of	45
indicate that the	45
important role in	45
was found in	45
it is possible	45
of respiratory viruses	45
t r a	45
the genbank database	45
the genome of	45
added to the	45
binding domain of	45
in response to	45
samples were collected	45
each of the	45
vero cells were	45
there was a	44
regions of the	44
and h n	44
was not detected	44
h n viruses	44
when compared to	44
the samples were	43
been reported to	43
of viral rna	43
portion of the	43
results showed that	43
of the same	43
of the porcine	43
in the cytoplasm	43
identification of a	43
isolated from the	43
the fact that	43
we found that	43
and incubated at	43
of the coronavirus	42
be due to	42
were incubated for	42
fetal bovine serum	42
viral rna was	42
of the viruses	42
the sequences of	42
a and cv	42
work was supported	42
the n gene	42
the percentage of	42
in vitro and	41
acid sequences of	41
monoclonal antibodies to	41
the ability to	41
were incubated at	41
with diarrhea in	41
the h n	41
f i p	41
cells were incubated	41
congo hemorrhagic fever	41
results suggest that	41
role in the	41
influenza a viruses	40
bursal disease virus	40
in contrast to	40
t t t	40
and in vivo	40
be involved in	40
has also been	40
were grown in	40
for the presence	40
of the three	40
clinical signs of	40
of this study	40
between the two	40
pi k akt	40
mouse spleen cells	40
of h n	40
were tested for	40
and amino acid	40
responsible for the	39
were determined by	39
t i o	39
i o n	39
the s glycoprotein	39
added to each	39
a variety of	39
the cleavage site	39
some of the	39
from the same	39
the infected cells	39
the s subunit	39
a role in	38
the small intestine	38
is possible that	38
belonging to the	38
development of a	38
the sensitivity of	38
compared with the	38
to evaluate the	38
g for min	38
n t i	38
is involved in	38
in our study	38
expression of the	38
revealed that the	38
protein of the	38
upper respiratory tract	38
of the protein	38
specificity of the	38
the s and	37
studies on the	37
the induction of	37
the nucleotide sequence	37
lower respiratory tract	37
in which the	37
the effects of	37
been reported in	37
genetic diversity of	37
the nucleotide sequences	37
the viral rna	37
to confirm the	37
suggested that the	37
balb c mice	37
located in the	37
results indicate that	37
expressed as the	37
identification of the	37
difference in the	37
were analyzed by	37
newcastle disease virus	37
the levels of	37
molecular epidemiology of	37
r a t	37
of the highest	36
were performed using	36
were washed with	36
of human metapneumovirus	36
h n and	36
mutations in the	36
the mechanism of	36
a t i	36
could be detected	36
the antiviral activity	36
for min and	36
has been suggested	36
proteins of the	36
listed in table	36
vitro and in	36
the existence of	36
in cell cultures	36
by electron microscopy	36
a i n	36
is the first	36
the structural proteins	36
were found in	36
considered to be	35
h after infection	35
the basis of	35
the viral genome	35
of the spike	35
b and c	35
the complete genome	35
on the basis	35
nm in diameter	35
a multiplicity of	35
cells in the	35
to be the	35
is associated with	35
for h and	35
fetal calf serum	35
the course of	35
the phylogenetic tree	35
hepatitis a virus	35
as a result	35
have also been	35
have not been	34
by centrifugation at	34
and identification of	34
appeared to be	34
p h a	34
multiplicity of infection	34
the pi k	34
to determine whether	34
was detected by	34
open reading frame	34
in vero cells	34
to each well	34
h n virus	34
kindly provided by	34
used as the	34
reciprocal of the	34
the reciprocal of	34
indicating that the	34
the synthesis of	34
but not in	34
an outbreak of	34
a concentration of	34
well as the	34
were used in	34
appear to be	34
was shown to	33
at the end	33
studies have shown	33
the identification of	33
as described in	33
a result of	33
g and g	33
understanding of the	33
activation of the	33
at the same	33
are associated with	33
resulted in a	33
isolated from a	33
of the disease	33
with pbs and	33
the family coronaviridae	33
open reading frames	33
western blot analysis	33
i and ii	33
such as the	33
t e r	33
as the reciprocal	33
the orf gene	33
increase in the	33
domain of the	33
in infected cells	33
an moi of	33
at a multiplicity	33
to identify the	33
of the small	33
the origin of	33
pedv s protein	33
this is the	32
of a coronavirus	32
of the infected	32
and the other	32
viruses of the	32
used for the	32
found that the	32
were incubated with	32
to assess the	32
were purchased from	32
suggests that the	32
in the feces	32
study was to	32
p a r	32
c and d	32
were maintained in	32
alignment of the	32
inoculated with the	32
p e d	32
m i n	32
at an moi	32
at a concentration	32
minute virus of	32
prrsv and pedv	32
of the rna	32
this suggests that	31
p e r	31
in south korea	31
provided by dr	31
deduced amino acid	31
the current study	31
belongs to the	31
cells were grown	31
of this article	31
approved by the	31
neonatal calf diarrhea	31
the nucleocapsid protein	31
of infected cells	31
korean ibv isolates	31
demonstrated that the	31
strand rna viruses	31
diarrhea virus in	31
in the field	31
play an important	31
suggesting that the	31
function of the	31
of the p	31
the plasma membrane	31
dependent rna polymerase	31
of the other	31
as determined by	31
the possibility that	31
processing of the	31
have been shown	31
neutralizing antibody titers	31
shown that the	31
in the genbank	31
the specificity of	31
the time of	31
per cent of	30
virus isolated from	30
is available to	30
included in the	30
of amino acids	30
of the complete	30
be used to	30
sensitivity of the	30
contains supplementary material	30
at the time	30
which is available	30
on the s	30
available to authorized	30
igg and iga	30
times with pbs	30
version of this	30
cells were then	30
washed twice with	30
analysis based on	30
consistent with the	30
as described by	30
the efficacy of	30
the online version	30
online version of	30
have been identified	30
antibodies to the	30
nucleotide and amino	30
viruses in the	30
the method of	30
amino acid changes	30
and centrifuged at	30
mice infected with	30
of infectious virus	30
was used in	30
to authorized users	30
derived from the	30
of the virion	30
the spike protein	29
have been described	29
terminus of the	29
in the pathogenesis	29
is one of	29
room temperature for	29
of infectious bursal	29
with acute respiratory	29
bovine serum albumin	29
domain of hdag	29
linked immunosorbent assay	29
molecular evolutionary genetics	29
coding region of	29
in the first	29
be detected in	29
were collected and	29
these results suggest	29
minimum essential medium	29
taxonomy of viruses	29
presence of the	29
high levels of	29
amino acid residues	29
of herpes simplex	29
higher than that	29
recombinant s protein	29
the pedv s	29
children with acute	29
with respect to	29
this study were	29
evolutionary genetics analysis	29
a phylogenetic tree	29
of hepatitis c	29
international committee on	29
the supernatant was	29
the structure of	29
with the same	29
on the cell	29
the international committee	28
porcine respiratory coronavirus	28
e d v	28
the ratio of	28
an increase in	28
of ctf virus	28
causative agent of	28
complete genome sequence	28
due to a	28
associated with a	28
to each other	28
the relationship between	28
in the virus	28
large number of	28
and stained with	28
data suggest that	28
electronic supplementary material	28
total rna was	28
the results showed	28
on taxonomy of	28
were cultured in	28
not detected in	28
serum samples were	28
followed by a	28
performed using the	28
and subjected to	28
i n e	28
gene of the	28
virus replication in	28
differentially expressed genes	28
of severe acute	27
of the four	27
was confirmed by	27
a series of	27
that had been	27
in terms of	27
of the most	27
committee on taxonomy	27
human immunodeficiency virus	27
can be used	27
the cell culture	27
were washed twice	27
in the viral	27
an equal volume	27
results of the	27
in agreement with	27
supported by the	27
has been described	27
in our laboratory	27
fecal samples were	27
the recombinant s	27
the isolation of	27
corresponding to the	27
the pcr products	27
the pathogenicity of	27
analysis was performed	27
is essential for	27
the porcine epidemic	27
depending on the	27
with the virus	27
m a n	27
activity of the	27
the incidence of	27
of the cell	27
been shown that	27
cleavage of the	27
from that of	27
infected with a	26
were shown to	26
are listed in	26
cells were cultured	26
based on a	26
in children with	26
plates were incubated	26
prior to infection	26
compared to those	26
supplemented with fetal	26
of the gene	26
the evolution of	26
of the m	26
the spread of	26
is the most	26
sequencing of the	26
were detected by	26
analysis showed that	26
the in vitro	26
orf and orf	26
k akt pathway	26
differences between the	26
were stained with	26
a mixture of	26
the purpose of	26
of porcine deltacoronavirus	26
were washed three	26
in the n	26
of the present	26
the most important	26
n and h	26
of the structural	26
experimental infection of	26
is important for	26
may be a	26
of the cells	26
respiratory tract infection	26
i t y	26
a previous study	26
half of the	26
of the amino	26
was performed by	26
determined by the	26
are involved in	26
seen in the	26
of vesicular stomatitis	26
t a n	26
by western blot	26
phylogenetic analysis based	25
type culture collection	25
pedv belgorod dom	25
of the host	25
the vp gene	25
of the pedv	25
the he protein	25
and expression of	25
has been demonstrated	25
results indicated that	25
were stored at	25
cells of the	25
cells were inoculated	25
cells were maintained	25
american type culture	25
binding to the	25
i p v	25
carried out in	25
a and o	25
been isolated from	25
the mixture was	25
x g for	25
respiratory viruses in	25
and incubated with	25
nucleotide sequence identity	25
clarified by centrifugation	25
days after infection	25
is required for	25
infection in the	25
previous studies have	25
the binding of	25
the function of	25
virus of canines	25
of the first	25
identified in the	25
of the mabs	25
the appearance of	25
of the e	25
m a b	25
c o n	25
of the vp	25
the viral envelope	25
in accordance with	25
fipv and fecv	25
and that the	25
amino acid identity	25
the activation of	25
from patients with	25
in the family	25
with ml of	25
report of the	25
h at room	24
as a receptor	24
has been proposed	24
that they have	24
by treatment with	24
are known to	24
been found to	24
pandemic h n	24
by the addition	24
of neutralizing antibodies	24
of the h	24
study of the	24
pedv field isolates	24
the respiratory tract	24
avian influenza viruses	24
been reported for	24
in the serum	24
of virus particles	24
equal volume of	24
of equine arteritis	24
to the virus	24
deletion in the	24
cells were treated	24
a large number	24
acute gastroenteritis in	24
is similar to	24
sequence of a	24
the degree of	24
well tissue culture	24
in the netherlands	24
proteolytic cleavage of	24
years of age	24
days after inoculation	24
strain of tgev	24
tree based on	24
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	24
detection of the	24
the authors declare	24
tobacco mosaic virus	24
as a control	24
reported to be	24
n e d	24
of canine parvovirus	24
e t h	24
not yet been	24
and incubated for	24
authors declare that	24
antigenically related to	24
in a previous	23
during the first	23
that the virus	23
semliki forest virus	23
well as in	23
were expressed as	23
performed using a	23
by the method	23
be associated with	23
in suckling mice	23
of the authors	23
antigenic relationship between	23
simplex virus type	23
movement proteins of	23
relationship between the	23
samples collected from	23
cells treated with	23
a titer of	23
is characterized by	23
in the number	23
is consistent with	23
most closely related	23
no significant difference	23
piglets born to	23
were able to	23
are summarized in	23
properties of the	23
in the region	23
that were positive	23
remains to be	23
hepatitis b virus	23
of the human	23
in the respiratory	23
in st cells	23
the cytoplasm of	23
s protein was	23
for minutes at	23
of the samples	23
with fetal bovine	23
antiviral effect of	23
nature of the	23
evolution of the	23
the results are	23
in the intestinal	23
in hong kong	23
were fixed in	23
it is not	23
ha and na	23
u m a	23
in cultured cells	23
agarose gel electrophoresis	23
fragment length polymorphism	23
were fixed with	23
compared with those	23
pcr assay for	23
coronavirus spike protein	23
difference between the	22
a c t	22
extracted from the	22
porcine alveolar macrophages	22
canine distemper virus	22
complete nucleotide sequence	22
evaluation of the	22
e d in	22
a comparison of	22
and eya virus	22
and in the	22
pcr was performed	22
hek t cells	22
the genomes of	22
i n g	22
at a dilution	22
in recent years	22
in mouse spleen	22
referred to as	22
c for min	22
isolation of a	22
be responsible for	22
the negative control	22
for the first	22
occurred in the	22
summarized in table	22
the interaction of	22
c t i	22
upstream of the	22
been detected in	22
and analyzed by	22
by any of	22
in the current	22
surface of the	22
binding of the	22
human coronavirus e	22
the infectivity of	22
n a t	22
effect of the	22
a dilution of	22
size of the	22
the reaction was	22
these two viruses	22
were compared with	22
a receptor for	22
porcine epidemic diarrhoea	22
the differences in	22
method for the	22
antiviral activity against	22
have been found	22
virus particles were	22
in ml of	22
followed by the	22
genome sequences of	22
may be due	22
each other and	22
n influenza virus	22
the feces of	22
murine hepatitis virus	22
colorado tick fever	22
a r e	22
of fipv infection	22
eya virus strain	22
indirect fluorescent antibody	22
in of the	22
known to be	22
and it was	22
simultaneous detection of	22
addition to the	22
infected cells at	22
the significance of	22
were performed in	22
genetic characterization of	22
spike protein of	22
in situ hybridization	22
did not show	22
with each other	22
assays were performed	22
samples that were	22
korean pedv field	21
it is also	21
in the usa	21
dilutions of the	21
of virus replication	21
were collected at	21
the orf la	21
play a role	21
would like to	21
c for minutes	21
care and use	21
genbank accession number	21
m o n	21
was performed as	21
is not a	21
are the most	21
of antibodies to	21
is an important	21
the host cell	21
g for minutes	21
washed with pbs	21
data indicate that	21
a simple method	21
and it is	21
of amino acid	21
amplification of the	21
cells were used	21
the endoplasmic reticulum	21
electron microscopy of	21
n d t	21
the concentration of	21
strain of porcine	21
cloned into the	21
terminal region of	21
to detect the	21
positive samples were	21
is critical for	21
infected vero cells	21
tested positive for	21
the same as	21
are closely related	21
detection of bovine	21
n t a	21
samples from the	21
molecular biology of	21
there is no	21
may also be	21
those of other	21
serial dilutions of	21
be detected by	21
and then incubated	21
to examine the	21
hepatitis delta virus	21
been reported that	21
of the international	21
the rate of	21
in the lung	21
acute respiratory tract	21
the causative agent	21
canine parvovirus type	21
neutralizing antibodies in	21
r p h	21
morbidity and mortality	21
we have previously	21
the cultures were	21
were examined for	21
intestinal epithelial cells	21
have been used	21
t h o	21
been observed in	21
likely to be	21
the e protein	21
and analysis of	21
in both the	21
with acute gastroenteritis	21
was purchased from	21
orf la protein	21
to the cell	21
and sequence analysis	21
which had been	21
cell lysates were	21
the study of	21
of monoclonal antibodies	21
associated with diarrhea	21
thought to be	20
and the results	20
in the orf	20
cent of the	20
n i n	20
detection of respiratory	20
the two isolates	20
or absence of	20
h n viral	20
of the major	20
need to be	20
does not contain	20
is present in	20
phosphate buffered saline	20
the distribution of	20
collected from the	20
used to determine	20
virus attachment and	20
phylogenetic tree based	20
these results indicate	20
genes of the	20
hepatitis virus strain	20
was associated with	20
suckling mouse brain	20
prior to the	20
carried out at	20
the age of	20
h a n	20
cells were fixed	20
is known to	20
and compared with	20
s gene sequences	20
antibody titers were	20
located at the	20
pcr assay panel	20
with an equal	20
the two viruses	20
b i t	20
sequence identity with	20
the nucleotide and	20
colostrum and milk	20
p r e	20
purified using a	20
to the same	20
it would be	20
may have been	20
n t r	20
in a dose	20
and evolution of	20
possible that the	20
t e s	20
this study are	20
the presence or	20
viral infections in	20
strains from the	20
s genes of	20
is shown in	20
assay for the	20
primers and probes	20
m e t	20
r a n	20
viral rna in	20
complete genome sequences	20
the vaccine strain	20
the same time	20
of porcine parvovirus	20
m h v	20
of influenza viruses	20
in vivo and	20
viruses have been	20
d t h	20
was resuspended in	20
in the small	20
in the culture	20
and found that	20
were present in	20
and the virus	20
they have no	20
t a i	20
have been isolated	20
assay was performed	20
of the experiment	20
thermo fisher scientific	20
more closely related	20
very similar to	20
it was found	20
in the cell	20
were the most	20
to bind to	20
influenza viruses in	20
immune response to	20
and of the	20
of infant mice	20
the first report	19
tissue culture plates	19
that have been	19
was performed on	19
were prepared from	19
the analysis of	19
b b i	19
p b s	19
d e d	19
these data suggest	19
to determine if	19
was the most	19
cell differentiation survival	19
a b b	19
was isolated in	19
to be involved	19
at h post	19
only in the	19
infectious bronchitis viruses	19
cells were collected	19
of murine coronavirus	19
the culture supernatant	19
was significantly higher	19
has been used	19
h u m	19
and has been	19
of antibody to	19
were not detected	19
of middle east	19
were analyzed using	19
results not shown	19
the occurrence of	19
with per cent	19
n influenza viruses	19
inhibition of the	19
not due to	19
is not known	19
of adult cattle	19
submitted to the	19
coronavirus infectious bronchitis	19
at different time	19
o n t	19
effect on the	19
experimentally infected with	19
with that of	19
it can be	19
molecular weights of	19
by means of	19
available in the	19
the region of	19
was similar to	19
in per cent	19
snap or la	19
antibodies in the	19
in gnotobiotic pigs	19
infected with prrsv	19
declare that they	19
sequences in the	19
mediated isothermal amplification	19
the hmg box	19
at h after	19
were mixed with	19
of the patients	19
of the animals	19
phylogenetic trees were	19
of the positive	19
expression levels of	19
were seen in	19
in the study	19
were determined using	19
results show that	19
that in the	19
vereflu tm assay	19
in central china	19
in the second	19
derived from a	19
were identified in	19
site of the	19
that there are	19
plates were washed	19
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis	19
no conflict of	19
used to detect	19
of pedv in	19
the immune response	19
was not observed	19
to analyze the	19
the difference in	19
and ll of	19
after inoculation with	19
origin of the	19
characteristics of the	19
vp and vp	19
present study was	19
then incubated with	19
the cause of	19
r a b	19
pleural effusion disease	19
was kindly provided	19
bhm and bj	19
role of the	19
infection of the	19
in the pcag	19
trees were constructed	19
presence or absence	19
restriction fragment length	19
were exposed to	19
better understanding of	19
tract infections in	19
recovered in the	18
s t r	18
to study the	18
ibv isolates were	18
dq ck ch	18
protein of pedv	18
isolated in the	18
was performed with	18
kipyv and wupyv	18
characterization of porcine	18
the virus is	18
in cats with	18
n protein of	18
of the cleavage	18
performed as described	18
there is a	18
acid sequence identity	18
the vereflu tm	18
the f gene	18
been identified in	18
to replicate in	18
it may be	18
is thought to	18
h o d	18
and vero cells	18
clone infected cells	18
of cellular cholesterol	18
with the exception	18
viral replication in	18
length genome sequence	18
of the original	18
from those of	18
is responsible for	18
to the s	18
the onset of	18
were identified as	18
as a template	18
of patients with	18
no effect on	18
hepatitis virus type	18
the s genes	18
by plaque assay	18
rpm for min	18
in the phylogenetic	18
than those of	18
arg dq ck	18
of the proteins	18
ml of the	18
their ability to	18
significantly higher than	18
infection with the	18
were observed for	18
in fecal samples	18
are similar to	18
synthesized in the	18
feline alveolar macrophages	18
relative to the	18
antibodies were detected	18
by monoclonal antibodies	18
infected cell lysates	18
epithelial cells of	18
in the supernatant	18
virus infection of	18
cell monolayers were	18
ctf virus and	18
there have been	18
to mouse hepatitis	18
result in the	18
korean ibv strains	18
because of the	18
were as follows	18
the immunogenicity of	18
the medium was	18
has been found	18
of the mhv	18
of the isolates	18
d n a	18
viruses isolated in	18
in this paper	18
further studies are	18
detected by the	18
that there was	18
of this virus	18
sequence similarity between	18
we did not	18
directed against the	18
dependent on the	18
the swine industry	18
the control of	18
bind to the	18
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus	18
respiratory disease in	18
been suggested to	18
was present in	18
with mouse hepatitis	18
virus and the	18
for an additional	18
are essential for	18
belong to the	18
major structural proteins	18
influenza virus and	18
with the cell	18
two of the	18
of tobacco mosaic	18
was extracted using	18
of canine coronavirus	18
was prepared from	18
in the control	18
in each group	18
of viral antigen	18
detection of human	18
the virus in	18
a per cent	18
of the full	18
of hepatitis a	18
a b s	18
t i v	18
u t e	18
children with artis	18
the slides were	18
the american type	18
of prrsv and	18
cleavage recognition site	18
the virus titer	17
were purified using	17
pedv vaccine strain	17
it was shown	17
and development of	17
r e d	17
of a virus	17
epidemic diarrhea viruses	17
transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus	17
a m i	17
field isolates of	17
rna in the	17
final concentration of	17
the entry of	17
and molecular characterization	17
i m m	17
at hours p	17
majority of the	17
acid sequence of	17
was identified in	17
were similar to	17
vero e cells	17
rna was detected	17
in association with	17
accordance with the	17
the association of	17
position of the	17
with regard to	17
in any of	17
virus titers were	17
the authors thank	17
of the strains	17
r e p	17
article does not	17
bovine viral diarrhea	17
m e d	17
after treatment with	17
samples were obtained	17
described in the	17
e d i	17
amino acid mutations	17
of the sars	17
the highest dilution	17
was mixed with	17
were obtained by	17
have been observed	17
of the wild	17
of the a	17
needs to be	17
of the capsid	17
was treated with	17
final extension at	17
crystal structure of	17
r e a	17
min at room	17
isolated in korea	17
sensitivity and specificity	17
of feline coronaviruses	17
detection of porcine	17
in cells infected	17
at least one	17
e p a	17
stage of infection	17
strains isolated in	17
are required to	17
are needed to	17
s proteins of	17
of the sequence	17
a better understanding	17
and function of	17
the proportion of	17
like to thank	17
the natural host	17
in combination with	17
n t e	17
a source of	17
were negative for	17
dependent enhancement of	17
the supernatants were	17
we report the	17
calf diarrhea coronavirus	17
ranging from to	17
of the antiviral	17
also detected in	17
may be the	17
a protein of	17
the s proteins	17
u t a	17
mrna expression levels	17
of virus in	17
and pathogenesis of	17
the spike glycoprotein	17
the influenza virus	17
contrast to the	17
h and h	17
each group were	17
the molecular biology	17
was assessed by	17
strains of ibv	17
by reverse transcription	17
a new coronavirus	17
of the genomic	17
the vp protein	17
performed by any	17
of other species	17
gene sequences of	17
the first time	17
multiple sequence alignment	17
change in the	17
pandemic influenza a	17
cov and mers	17
b u t	17
in some cases	17
titers in the	17
the results obtained	17
a group of	17
biological properties of	17
in relation to	17
has been observed	17
products of the	17
inhibitory effect on	17
replication of the	17
antibodies against the	17
of human adenovirus	17
viruses belonging to	17
was determined using	17
feline enteric coronavirus	17
been associated with	17
products were analyzed	17
the location of	17
the proteins were	17
minimal essential medium	17
molecular weight of	17
high degree of	17
the m protein	17
type i interferon	17
epidemic diarrhoea virus	17
replication in the	17
conjugated goat anti	17
bronchitis virus in	17
e d b	17
was prepared by	17
to the family	17
were challenged with	16
the phylogenetic analysis	16
in the early	16
influenza b virus	16
were examined by	16
sequence alignments were	16
was replaced with	16
gastroenteritis virus and	16
of the korean	16
a d e	16
spread of the	16
of the sequences	16
of all ages	16
disease in the	16
downstream of the	16
suckling mouse brains	16
are susceptible to	16
were resuspended in	16
in this report	16
the chimeric vlps	16
were observed between	16
it is likely	16
encoded by the	16
was incubated at	16
together with the	16
the alignment of	16
of the murine	16
o d y	16
n viral infection	16
which have been	16
the highest serum	16
also been reported	16
there are no	16
of viruses in	16
after infection and	16
infected cells was	16
presence of a	16
korean field isolates	16
using the maximum	16
respiratory tract disease	16
and the cells	16
has not yet	16
s e r	16
replication of prrsv	16
the antiviral effect	16
n gene of	16
the complete nucleotide	16
and the rna	16
amino acid substitutions	16
control and prevention	16
cats with fip	16
blood mononuclear cells	16
were prepared in	16
strains of infectious	16
of interest the	16
of the infection	16
with and without	16
h e n	16
in the future	16
the family reoviridae	16
s and n	16
our understanding of	16
in the lungs	16
fecal samples from	16
these results indicated	16
federal republic of	16
as a source	16
transcription polymerase chain	16
determined using a	16
the m gene	16
cloning and sequencing	16
the rest of	16
for min in	16
strains have been	16
reported that the	16
analysis of a	16
structure and function	16
there were no	16
virus replication and	16
to be positive	16
completion of the	16
of the b	16
aminopeptidase n is	16
hepatitis e virus	16
with feline infectious	16
the size of	16
i n u	16
detected in this	16
viral rna and	16
of diarrhea in	16
the importance of	16
of ibv in	16
when compared with	16
n d e	16
m a t	16
cell monolayers in	16
e a t	16
porcine deltacoronavirus strain	16
different time points	16
cell cultures were	16
we investigated the	16
it is a	16
to infection with	16
were also observed	16
was found that	16
porcine nidovirus infection	16
movement protein of	16
of the pcr	16
carried out by	16
to the genus	16
of the d	16
the culture medium	16
on the complete	16
epitopes on the	16
this article does	16
were compared to	16
plays an important	16
with the plasma	16
accession numbers are	16
was based on	16
of the six	16
red blood cells	16
tested for the	16
and in vitro	16
these results are	16
was defined as	16
found to have	16
not i site	16
studies of the	16
rna recombination in	16
to note that	16
carried out with	16
virus in a	16
were classified into	16
in the spike	16
a final extension	16
that the two	16
much higher than	16
like particles in	16
is dependent on	16
not contain any	16
to improve the	16
resulting in the	16
of viral replication	16
pcr products of	16
central nervous system	16
may not be	16
close to the	16
provided by the	16
and those of	16
of the cellular	16
have indicated that	16
the control group	16
antigen positive cells	16
syndrome virus in	16
and sg mrna	16
the d strain	16
s protein is	16
kb in length	16
viruses isolated from	16
some of these	16
infection of cells	16
of the various	16
p r o	16
were submitted to	16
using trizol reagent	15
recent studies have	15
the same group	15
lower than that	15
positive and negative	15
identical to that	15
the detection and	15
were infected at	15
m u n	15
acid sequence similarity	15
t r e	15
m m u	15
of hepatitis delta	15
observed for the	15
virus was isolated	15
expressed on the	15
defined as the	15
in serum and	15
in clinical samples	15
nde i fragment	15
based on these	15
a panel of	15
e and e	15
of fipv and	15
comparison with the	15
time reverse transcription	15
interest the authors	15
s glycoprotein of	15
phylogenetic tree was	15
i b o	15
materials and methods	15
t i b	15
tree was constructed	15
analysis revealed that	15
has been identified	15
tick fever virus	15
was shown that	15
f gene dna	15
first report of	15
was first reported	15
to our knowledge	15
b o d	15
w a s	15
medium supplemented with	15
of a recombinant	15
to per cent	15
of the manuscript	15
been found in	15
sodium dodecyl sulfate	15
pcd and vero	15
detection and genetic	15
length of the	15
were clarified by	15
indirect immunofluorescence assay	15
were coated with	15
level of the	15
parts of the	15
in the p	15
in pbs and	15
gene encoding the	15
recombination within the	15
was performed in	15
the virus to	15
the murine coronavirus	15
is related to	15
member viruses of	15
its ability to	15
the simultaneous detection	15
to the mhv	15
viruses associated with	15
the fecal samples	15
prevalence of respiratory	15
it should be	15
a set of	15
of the nucleotide	15
of the polymerase	15
were included in	15
antigenic relationship of	15
the possibility of	15
epidemic diarrhea in	15
republic of germany	15
incidence of covid	15
after infection with	15
the nature of	15
except for the	15
and genetic characterization	15
and sequencing of	15
the positive control	15
could be demonstrated	15
with ll of	15
observed in this	15
have no conflict	15
c e n	15
the preparation of	15
isolated in japan	15
pigs inoculated with	15
antibody titers to	15
of the surface	15
were isolated in	15
was also observed	15
of emc virus	15
which has been	15
virus and eya	15
genomic rna and	15
could be used	15
protein gene of	15
and use of	15
respiratory distress syndrome	15
under the conditions	15
the duration of	15
early stage of	15
bronchitis virus isolates	15
course of the	15
due to their	15
the need for	15
reverse transcription polymerase	15
were performed with	15
of the different	15
a template for	15
a negative control	15
incubated for min	15
by using the	15
was collected from	15
the generation of	15
of the g	15
with other viruses	15
are responsible for	15
classification and nomenclature	15
were identified by	15
in the genus	15
higher than those	15
use of a	15
than that in	15
national institute of	15
of cats with	15
be important for	15
disease control and	15
from the american	15
induction of ifn	15
viral protein synthesis	15
carried out using	15
swabs were collected	15
study on the	15
for h with	15
days after the	15
virus has been	15
the p region	15
indicates that the	15
h e m	15
be used for	15
results in the	15
purpose of this	15
in peripheral blood	15
detection of a	15
for at least	15
by using a	15
correlation between the	15
that h n	15
more than one	15
in china and	15
amino acids in	15
n u t	15
highest serum dilution	15
were transfected with	15
virus strain fr	15
in infant mice	15
and genetic diversity	15
calculated using the	15
classical and novel	15
diarrhea in swine	15
activity in the	15
by cycles of	15
isolates from the	15
of virus infection	15
at least two	15
influenza a and	15
of at least	15
of the feline	15
supplied by dr	15
were allowed to	15
kindly supplied by	15
the genome and	15
diarrhea virus infection	15
of the putative	15
differentiation survival factors	15
is likely to	15
seems to be	15
carried out as	15
in the nucleus	15
amino acids of	15
was centrifuged at	15
in the fecal	15
infected with pedv	14
of the primers	14
the extent of	14
and treated with	14
for the virus	14
and transmissible gastroenteritis	14
the length of	14
type and mutant	14
clinical signs and	14
virus nucleocapsid protein	14
united states and	14
and nasal swabs	14
by the neighbor	14
viral antigen was	14
different types of	14
viral particles were	14
containing per cent	14
of the mouse	14
stranded rna viruses	14
on bhk cells	14
i n t	14
the deduced amino	14
of less than	14
h prior to	14
of the hexon	14
suggested to be	14
study showed that	14
of veterinary medicine	14
contain any studies	14
the spike gene	14
of the l	14
of the villi	14
a novel coronavirus	14
determination of the	14
nt sequence identity	14
to serve as	14
determined to be	14
the partial s	14
of eya virus	14
followed by cycles	14
e r a	14
patients with acute	14
a portion of	14
on day p	14
h e d	14
of viral infection	14
linked to the	14
virus infection and	14
cytopathic effect in	14
that the s	14
of a canine	14
that they are	14
a p p	14
contribute to the	14
was expressed as	14
using the same	14
of viral dna	14
of ibv is	14
of avian influenza	14
i m a	14
strains in the	14
presence of trypsin	14
of the new	14
as a negative	14
of avian coronavirus	14
cells at hpi	14
not been reported	14
pellet was resuspended	14
transferred to a	14
in the other	14
is a member	14
of the predicted	14
of mice with	14
resulted in the	14
molecular characterization and	14
three independent experiments	14
in these experiments	14
capable of inducing	14
supported by a	14
cells were harvested	14
for disease control	14
t i n	14
d b y	14
the site of	14
hsp and hsp	14
of t h	14
was observed with	14
to be important	14
the stockholm agent	14
at least three	14
we thank dr	14
was conducted using	14
rna replication and	14
of the anti	14
the inhibition of	14
around the world	14
confirmed that the	14
effects of the	14
to that in	14
was provided by	14
significant difference in	14
multisystemic wasting syndrome	14
human and animal	14
to test the	14
was first detected	14
knu cells were	14
for h in	14
large amounts of	14
t a t	14
domestic ducks in	14
carried out to	14
small intestine of	14
be attributed to	14
within the same	14
not be detected	14
specific for the	14
rna extracted from	14
the care and	14
the monolayers were	14
the detection limit	14
are consistent with	14
was able to	14
were calculated using	14
the complete orf	14
for hours at	14
of the infectious	14
infected with mhv	14
serve as a	14
in fip cats	14
in the central	14
in the natural	14
cells were seeded	14
mixture was incubated	14
been used to	14
in a co	14
infectious virus was	14
reproductive failure in	14
only a few	14
sequences available in	14
that there is	14
and baff mrna	14
cell culture fluids	14
were tested by	14
the inhibitory effect	14
rna genome of	14
distribution of the	14
genbank accession no	14
of these two	14
chain reaction and	14
of g protein	14
titers were expressed	14
without affinity for	14
examined using a	14
multiple sequence alignments	14
of the fusion	14
the kinetics of	14
divided into three	14
within the s	14
s protein gene	14
a previous report	14
was no significant	14
n genes of	14
stranded rna genome	14
of in vitro	14
analysis of porcine	14
in a humidified	14
performed according to	14
viral diarrhea virus	14
it is unclear	14
the upper respiratory	14
porcine aminopeptidase n	14
monoclonal antibodies against	14
hours after inoculation	14
a t t	14
and tested for	14
this indicates that	14
for rain at	14
the serum of	14
serum samples from	14
the early stage	14
t h r	14
i u m	14
the form of	14
was observed between	14
incubated at room	14
resulting in a	14
first reported in	14
production of infectious	14
by indirect immunofluorescence	14
neutralizing antibodies against	14
at kennel a	14
studies are needed	14
for the development	14
the dub activity	14
we demonstrated that	14
of these proteins	14
not appear to	14
in this region	14
a review of	14
are present in	14
fragment of the	14
associated with severe	14
t u r	14
peripheral blood mononuclear	14
is an enveloped	14
of the ap	14
is the only	14
tissue culture fluid	14
by western blotting	14
h r o	14
is likely that	14
constructed using the	14
one of these	14
the virus and	14
in ll of	14
of the five	14
an additional h	14
divided into two	14
medium was replaced	14
using polymerase chain	14
the major structural	14
is based on	14
for the care	14
ml of a	14
it is important	13
terminal amino acids	13
animals performed by	13
economic losses in	13
the severity of	13
positive cells were	13
at intervals of	13
peritonitis virus infection	13
as compared to	13
reduction in the	13
was measured by	13
in the liver	13
wide variety of	13
genes of porcine	13
virus spike protein	13
i i f	13
in the form	13
the diagnosis of	13
positive in the	13
was approved by	13
titer in the	13
of the fecal	13
to reduce the	13
most similar to	13
serum samples collected	13
proteins encoded by	13
and the two	13
and cells were	13
p h f	13
consistent with previous	13
the homologous virus	13
immunodeficiency virus type	13
gene of infectious	13
were closely related	13
by the end	13
compared to that	13
the e glycoprotein	13
detection of antibody	13
deposited in the	13
as in the	13
inoculated orally with	13
hours after infection	13
might be a	13
genome of the	13
was performed at	13
of which are	13
excellent technical assistance	13
and iga antibodies	13
plays a role	13
of members of	13
between the s	13
was amplified using	13
respiratory tract of	13
is located in	13
detection of canine	13
with human participants	13
characteristics of a	13
of feline coronavirus	13
of both the	13
protein could be	13
to be determined	13
with respiratory tract	13
c for sec	13
h and then	13
was the only	13
in other countries	13
for the n	13
viral protein expression	13
s oligo ibv	13
relationship of the	13
to the viral	13
treated with trypsin	13
protein in the	13
from each other	13
clustered with the	13
were cloned into	13
were then washed	13
virus isolation and	13
led to the	13
in the jejunum	13
in the c	13
hare coltivirus s	13
virus titer was	13
induced by the	13
did not neutralize	13
like particles were	13
twice with pbs	13
can be detected	13
when synthesized in	13
california hare coltivirus	13
the action of	13
of newcastle disease	13
any studies with	13
with cold pbs	13
the exception of	13
the observation that	13
sites of the	13
v e r	13
significant differences in	13
v i t	13
number of virus	13
fatal and nonfatal	13
by the presence	13
the cell lysates	13
the peplomer protein	13
was also detected	13
the isolates were	13
it is interesting	13
considered statistically significant	13
bronchitis virus and	13
the cellular receptor	13
performed with the	13
bovine enteric coronavirus	13
of the substrate	13
the pattern of	13
the kakegawa strain	13
interferon induction in	13
by pcr using	13
virus in vitro	13
influenza h n	13
and pathogenicity of	13
the construction of	13
immune responses in	13
of each virus	13
u r e	13
identical to the	13
be related to	13
obtained from dr	13
distinct from the	13
of bovine torovirus	13
the growth of	13
and cloned into	13
fusion of the	13
of the entire	13
cell culture adapted	13
to those in	13
it was also	13
constructed by the	13
other members of	13
synthesis of the	13
entry into cells	13
the coat protein	13
in north america	13
emergence of a	13
under the same	13
ability of the	13
f infected cells	13
results were obtained	13
for m i	13
showed that all	13
at the indicated	13
the tissue culture	13
was obtained by	13
and analyzed using	13
of acute respiratory	13
are able to	13
the mpcr method	13
nucleocapsid protein of	13
is necessary for	13
the th passage	13
dna and rna	13
gene dna vaccine	13
from each group	13
these viruses in	13
i n i	13
virus titers in	13
the titer of	13
nucleic acids were	13
t t e	13
of p e	13
induction of interferon	13
infection resulted in	13
strain with a	13
t g e	13
a high degree	13
b and b	13
i v i	13
the size and	13
primers were designed	13
in this experiment	13
to amplify the	13
days of age	13
pcr product was	13
the n and	13
in suckling mouse	13
embryonated chicken eggs	13
from this study	13
from the other	13
using monoclonal antibodies	13
is a major	13
bovine coronavirus in	13
nucleotide sequences were	13
in a few	13
of the recombinant	13
to the high	13
variation in the	13
were unable to	13
ibv isolates in	13
designed based on	13
studies with human	13
comparative analysis of	13
or infected with	13
isolates and the	13
the mice were	13
should be considered	13
mabs to ep	13
in sera of	13
decrease in the	13
at the nucleotide	13
in the sera	13
lesions in the	13
a wide variety	13
national center for	13
hepatitis virus infection	13
r u m	13
the genomic rna	13
cells in a	13
and application of	13
was propagated in	13
structural protein of	13
cell cultures and	13
the university of	13
ck ch ldl	13
virulent and attenuated	13
the question of	13
were amplified by	13
of the movement	13
of orf and	13
were collected in	13
of the piglets	13
were examined using	13
cell fusion activity	13
the range of	13
strains of the	13
the virus particles	13
of human cytomegalovirus	13
school of medicine	13
significant economic losses	13
of pdcov in	13
all of these	13
from fip cats	13
than in the	13
as described elsewhere	13
predicted amino acid	13
was derived from	13
wide range of	13
sites in the	13
the discovery of	13
a r a	13
a lack of	13
of semliki forest	13
related to those	13
fold dilutions of	13
result of the	13
the nucleic acid	13
unique amino acid	13
the efficiency of	13
chinese ibv isolates	13
of n protein	13
losses to the	13
this study showed	13
the replication cycle	13
respiratory infections in	13
and used to	13
caused by the	13
first detected in	13
infection in a	13
proteins in the	13
presented in fig	12
not found in	12
blood samples were	12
findings indicate that	12
c mice were	12
on the viral	12
the genome sequence	12
the virulence of	12
the first passage	12
viral rna synthesis	12
with the other	12
of the peplomer	12
viral dna synthesis	12
were also detected	12
replication in vitro	12
of the control	12
large numbers of	12
detected in of	12
classified into the	12
of the bcv	12
reacted with the	12
dilution of the	12
the a and	12
the orf a	12
removal of the	12
as a new	12
a consequence of	12
but not at	12
isolated from an	12
in comparison to	12
little is known	12
of the ha	12
washed once with	12
infection in vitro	12
of up to	12
were incubated in	12
virus was detected	12
in the b	12
avian influenza virus	12
within the family	12
m a r	12
with the rna	12
on days and	12
the same manner	12
f ep group	12
using the following	12
expression of a	12
of movement proteins	12
the other two	12
pcr assay was	12
p a n	12
identical to those	12
was amplified by	12
in p b	12
e r u	12
nucleotide sequence and	12
e m o	12
evidence that the	12
cell culture and	12
nt and aa	12
and comparison with	12
of the assay	12
in suckling piglets	12
and n genes	12
of this protein	12
out of the	12
o u n	12
the genetic diversity	12
belonged to the	12
been reported previously	12
neutrophil survival factors	12
pcr purification kit	12
the first week	12
in the u	12
born to immunized	12
a combination of	12
in tissue culture	12
cells were examined	12
tumor necrosis factor	12
f and ifb	12
infected cp mice	12
of the vaccine	12
of the nucleocapsid	12
isolation of the	12
the region between	12
were calculated by	12
h n avian	12
mabs to the	12
prepared from the	12
was prepared as	12
associated with acute	12
and typing of	12
m u t	12
the membrane was	12
be found in	12
the antigenic relationship	12
r d e	12
a n y	12
was identified by	12
after incubation for	12
the loss of	12
after incubation at	12
cells were observed	12
e d a	12
a maximum of	12
ethical approval this	12
has been detected	12
the mhv n	12
present on the	12
of human coronavirus	12
lower than the	12
variations in the	12
cultures were incubated	12
the wells were	12
avian coronavirus ibv	12
virus is a	12
replication of porcine	12
genetic analysis of	12
immune responses to	12
at the amino	12
the molecular epidemiology	12
field strains from	12
different from that	12
c and c	12
of the rdrp	12
sasa quelpaertensis nakai	12
protein and the	12
deletions in the	12
basic amino acids	12