This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| cord-252232-vgq6gjpx | Structural illustrations were prepared using the program Povscript[ 2] Evolutionary relationships between bat coronaviruses and their hosts POVScript?: a program for model and data visualization using persistence of vision raytracing Improved methods for building protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models |
| cord-258768-bjjfkfgg | Dual infection of gnotobiotic calves with bovine strains of group A and porcinelike group C rotaviruses influences pathogenesis of the group C rotavirus Evolution of canine parvoviruses-a need for new vaccines? |
| cord-006674-ywzpwlrb | Plasma xanthine oxidase activity in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome Superoxide radicals in MCMV pneumonitis 23 Is cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis in transplant recipients an immunopathological condition? |
| cord-271831-vekok62k | I feline coronavirus infection Natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease Effects of origin and state of differentiation of monocytes/ macrophages on their susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus( PRRSV) FIP, easy to diagnose? |
| cord-276630-qci7khki | New uses for old drugs Drug repositioning: Re- investigating existing drugs for new therapeutic indications Are the Statins promising antifungal agents against invasive candidiasis? |
| cord-261749-lq1ah16x | Virus nomenclature; continuing topicality Viral nomenclature, where next? |
| cord-272973-kzaowysv | The transfer of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM from serum to colostrum and milk in the sow Mucosal and systemic isotype- specific antibody responses and protection in conventional pigs exposed to virulent or attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus Does circulating antibody play a role in the protection of piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus? |
| cord-026518-xv03vpji | A single electroporation delivery of a DNA vaccine containing the hemagglutinin gene of Asian H5N1 avian influenza virus generated a protective antibody response in chickens against a North American virus strain Electric pulses applied prior to intramuscular DNA vaccination greatly improve the vaccine immunogenicity Impact of chicken- origin cells on adaptation of a low pathogenic influenza virus Newcastle disease virus: is an updated attenuated vaccine needed? |
| cord-272955-kkkrkgg1 | A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequence Neurologic disease due to adenovirus infection Characterizations of adenovirus type 41 isolates from children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, Vietnam, and Korea Two RT- PCR based assays to detect human matapneumovirus in nasopharyngeal aspirates Severe pneumonia due to adenovirus serotype 14: a new respiratory threat? |
| cord-265201-ab67pnct | These results compare favorably to those obtained for human coronavirus OC 43( 8), IBV( 14), bovine coronavirus LY-138( 7) and other murine eoronaviruses? |
| cord-262505-1ufgwxxg | mRNA structure and genetic localization of the sequence divergence from hepatotropic strai~? |
| cord-010900-2ie1v1wy | How can neuraminidase- based immunity contribute to better influenza virus vaccines? |
| cord-257859-9hmrt96h | Kobuvirus was the single identified enteric virus in four specimens, while a mixed infection with both pathogens( CCoV? |
| cord-004827-bnf3mvaf | ( Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore OK) asked"What determines the quasispecies population size? |
| cord-004827-bnf3mvaf | The question arose: how can one recognize if a calculated fold is real? |
| cord-006459-9kizif98 | All manipulations were performed under BSL-3? |
| cord-006459-9kizif98 | H3N2 influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: potential for genetic reassortment? |
| cord-006459-9kizif98 | The pulmonary circulation of homozygous or heterozygous eNOS- null mice is hyperresponsive to mild hypoxia Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the''internal''genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? |
| cord-266716-pghnl980 | Second, is the blockage of viral RNA formation a direct or indirect effect? |
| cord-266716-pghnl980 | Third, are there other viruses that are also inhibited by IBC? |
| cord-004749-wyzb8v4a | The common cold: control? |
| cord-269948-zfbu9646 | viruses increased in 2007 in South East Asia but decreased in Australia and some other countries Spot detection and image segmentation in DNA microarray data Two- sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: Comparison of seven methods Comparison of the MChip to viral culture, reverse transcription- PCR, and the QuickVue influenza A? |
| cord-032801-b2ncmkjg | Homozygous TBC1 domain- containing kinase( TBCK) mutation causes a novel lysosomal storage disease- a new type of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis( CLN15)? |
| cord-264392-he1vekrt | The gene start, stop and IGR sequences of NarPV are listed in Table 2( shown as cDNA sequence in the antigenome 5 0? |
| cord-264392-he1vekrt | and V(? 1 G) b |
| cord-283525-kvcqayl4 | A sample was considered positive if the OD was more than the mean background? |
| cord-293945-gyb9mjb5 | run real- time PCR approach Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro- inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ- free rats Interaction of probiotics and pathogensbenefits to human health? |
| cord-270473-5tok4mqk | Mammalian HSP40/ DNAJ homologs: cloning of novel cDNAs and a proposal for their classification and nomenclature Extramitochondrial localization of mortalin/ mthsp70/ PBP74/ GRP75 Interaction of erythropoietin RNA binding protein with erythropoietin RNA requires an association with heat shock protein 70 mtHSP70, HSP60 and HSP40 bind to the MHV Maturation of the polymerase polyprotein of the coronavirus MHV strain JHM involves a cascade of proteolytic processing events Cloning and some novel characteristics of mitochondrial Hsp70 from Chinese hamster cells Functional interaction of heat shock protein GroEL with an RNase E- like activity in Escherichia coli Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the 60-kDa heat shock chaperonin protein( Hsp60) in mammalian cells Mitochondrial- matrix proteins at unexpected locations: are they exported? |
| cord-294218-v4gjabp3 | E3 glycoproteins A routine technique for double- staining ultra- thin sections using uranyl and lead salts Proteolytic cleavage of E2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: host- dependent differences in proteolytic cleavage and cell fusion What regulates secretion of non- stored proteins by eukaryotic cells? |
| cord-276617-chgjpg0v | CD21? |
| cord-276617-chgjpg0v | In contrast, the ratio of sIg? |
| cord-276617-chgjpg0v | The ratio of sIg? |
| cord-276617-chgjpg0v | We reported previously that when the FIPV antigen was detected by the fluorescent antibody method, 10- 20% of cells were positive when SPF cat- derived alveolar macrophages were inoculated with FIPV? |
| cord-307408-6wfx0wey | L? |
| cord-324377-br2uorg8 | Beta- catenin signaling plays a disparate role in different phases of fracture repair: implications for therapy to improve bone healing Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by porcine parvovirus Evidence for immunisation failure in vaccinated adult dogs infected with canine parvovirus type 2c Severe parvovirus in a 12-year- old dog that had been repeatedly vaccinated Canine parvovirus- a review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c Long- term viremia and fecal shedding in pups after modified- live canine parvovirus vaccination Canine parvovirus infection: which diagnostic test for virus? |
| cord-294947-g4ntyddb | DNA or cDNA samples from the following viruses were used to evaluate the specificity of the nanoparticle- assisted RT- PCR assay: PPV, PCV2, PRRSV, CSFV, RV, TGEV, and? |
| cord-294947-g4ntyddb | PRV?. |
| cord-285547-7m3dh8hu | H9N2 influenza viruses from Israeli poultry: a five- year outbreak Human infection with an avian H9N2 influenza A virus in Hong Kong in 2003 H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses in poultry in Pakistan are closely related to the H9N2 viruses responsible for human infection in Hong Kong Continuing evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in Southeastern China Phylogeography and evolutionary history of reassortant H9N2 viruses with potential human health implications Genetic evolution of H9 subtype influenza viruses from live poultry markets in Shanghai Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the''internal''genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? |
| cord-285547-7m3dh8hu | The genesis and evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry from southern China Characterization of a non- pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a migratory duck flying from Siberia in Hokkaido Evaluation of the reverse transcription loopmediated isothermal amplification( RT- LAMP) as a screening method for the detection of influenza viruses in the fecal materials of water birds Genetic diversity of H9N2 influenza viruses from pigs in China: a potential threat to human health? |
| cord-285547-7m3dh8hu | The neighbor- joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains isolated from migratory waterfowl in Mongolia on the way back from the southern Asia to their northern territory Pandemic influenza: a zoonosis? |
| cord-315811-wpeac0lk | After adsorption for 1 h at 37 ° C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2, the inoculum was removed, and cells were washed twice with Dulbecco's phosphate- buffered saline( DPBS) without Mg 2? |
| cord-315811-wpeac0lk | and Ca 2? |
| cord-333331-ddcz7zck | Due to cutting in the region between B1 and B2, NheI- digestion bands were observed at approximately 250- 454( 225? 229) bp in the Pre- LAMP product, in contrast to 220- 400 bp in the AP- LAMP and AP- B3 LAMP products. |
| cord-327855-txryqil7 | involvement of RNase L, protein kinase R, and alternative pathways Activation of NF- κB by double- stranded RNA( dsRNA) in the absence of protein kinase R and RNase L demonstrates the existence of two separate dsRNA triggered antiviral programs Membrane permeability induced by hepatitis A virus proteins 2B and 2BC and proteolytic processing of HAV 2BC Replication of hepatitis A viruses with chimeric 5 nontranslated regions Cleavage of poly( A)-binding protein by coxsackievirus 2A protease in vitro and in vivo: another mechanism for host protein synthesis shutoff? |
| cord-322760-tsxniu3j | South Korea Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in health care workers Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection control: the missing piece? |
| cord-322760-tsxniu3j | The results showed a statistical difference in the distribution of the 0- 14, 15- 29, 30- 44, 45- 59, and 60? year- olds between the two groups( p= 0.000). |
| cord-316525-uadfehr6 | What is the molecular basis of recombination in SARS- CoV? |
| cord-341469-7guojyay | The molecular genetics of feline coronaviruses: comparative sequence analysis of the ORF7a/7b transcription unit of different biotypes Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus( PEDV) in Korea Coronavirus: organization, replication and expression of gene Single amino acid changes in the viral glycoprotein M affect induction of alpha interferon by the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus Luxury at a cost? |
| cord-341383-e2jrhycj | Estimates of world- wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections Emerging respiratory agents: new viruses for old diseases? |
| cord-338916-fqxjzavm | A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special? |
| cord-345856-ckm0ol20 | A Study of the effect of antiviral drugs on the reproduction of the respiratory syncytial virus by enzyme immunoassay Arbidol: a broad- spectrum antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion Antiviral chemotherapeutic agents against respiratory viruses: where are we now and what's in the pipeline? |
| cord-346928-g1dqiki6 | Two amino acid changes at the N- terminal of the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus spike protein result in the loss of enteric tropism Porcine pararotavirus: detection, differentiation from rotavirus, and pathogenesis in gnotobiotic pigs New porcine coronavirus? |
| cord-309145-6aqc074e | The poliovirus receptor protein is produced both as membrane- bound and secreted forms Lymphocyte activation by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein Is the acetylcholine receptor a rabies virus receptor? |
| cord-309145-6aqc074e | What should be called a lectin? |
| cord-318731-vlszl0i8 | RNA was extracted from fecal and organ samples using a previously established TaqMan- based real- time RT- PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of CCoV RNA[ 10].?? |
| cord-318731-vlszl0i8 | RNA was extracted from fecal and organ samples using a previously established TaqMan- based real- time RT- PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of CCoV RNA[ 10].?? |
| cord-318731-vlszl0i8 | The primers?? |
| cord-318731-vlszl0i8 | The primers?? |
| cord-292286-ygomb3oi | Computational screen and experimental validation of anti- influenza effects of quercetin and chlorogenic acid from traditional Chinese medicine Molecular docking of potential inhibitors for influenza H7N9 Quercetin: bioflavonoids as part of interferon- free hepatitis C therapy? |
| cord-292286-ygomb3oi | Further studies indicated that baicalin can directly induce IFN- c production in human CD4? |
| cord-292286-ygomb3oi | T cells and CD8? |
| cord-292286-ygomb3oi | The green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate inhibits Chikungunya virus infection Colonic metabolites of berry polyphenols: the missing link to biological activity? |
| cord-292286-ygomb3oi | show anti- Mayaro virus activity Effects of baicalein on Sendai virus in vivo are linked to serum baicalin and its inhibition of hemagglutinin- neuraminidase Chitosan nanoparticles enhance the intestinal absorption of the green tea catechins(?) |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | ( aa 499- 638) had eight different amino acids, and the The luminescence intensity was divided into four degrees:??? |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | ( aa 499- 638) had eight different amino acids, and the The luminescence intensity was divided into four degrees:??? |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | ( aa 499- 638) had eight different amino acids, and the The luminescence intensity was divided into four degrees:??? |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | , moderate;?, weak;-, negative epitope motif SS6( 764LQDGQVKI771) had two aa mutations between the two PEDV subtypes[ 19]. |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | , strong;?? |
| cord-302323-vvo8a4hp | , strong;?? |
| cord-346321-drhiqch0 | It has also been shown that Fc 7 R I and II are present on human macrophages and that mouse IgG 2a and IgG 1 bind well to the Fc? |
| cord-346321-drhiqch0 | MAb 3G8 is a mouse IgG 1 antibody that reacts with human Fc? |
| cord-346321-drhiqch0 | Therefore we assumed that mouse IgG 2a antibodies can bind Fc? |
| cord-346321-drhiqch0 | These results suggest that U937 cells of human origin have no virus receptor for FIPV, but Fc? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | As described previously, viperin inhibited the proliferation of PEDV.?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | As described previously, viperin inhibited the proliferation of PEDV.?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | This inhibition was not observed with the N- terminal fragment Vip1- 50 alone, but inhibition was still observed with the deletion mutants VipΔ1- 50, and VipΔ343- 362?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | This inhibition was not observed with the N- terminal fragment Vip1- 50 alone, but inhibition was still observed with the deletion mutants VipΔ1- 50, and VipΔ343- 362?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | We made three?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | We made three?? |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | truncated forms of the viperin gene, Vip1- 50, VipΔ1- 50, and VipΔ343- 362??. |
| cord-290819-zhywlf6r | truncated forms of the viperin gene, Vip1- 50, VipΔ1- 50, and VipΔ343- 362??. |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | ( quotation marks dropped:''KE261''? |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | Furthermore, as in other nomenclatures described above, it is unclear which vernacular name of a given animal ought to be used( for instance: should''cougar''be used, or should''puma,''''mountain lion''or''mountain cat''be chosen?). |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | However, its implementation is complicated by the requirement that virus species names be listed when in practice virus names are( and should be) used instead[ 4, 7, 15,[ 28][ 29][ 30] and the problem that host designation permits the use of non- standardized host names that lack specificity( such as''hot pepper''? |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | Instead, the authors provide simple examples for the''species of origin''denominator, such as''mouse''or''bat,''which could be more descriptive( which kind of''mouse''or''bat''?), given that there are over a thousand different animals assigned to a roughly equal number of different mouse and bat species. |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | Its disadvantages are that( a) it has become partially redundant because the three''antigenic types''of''influenza virus''have been reclassified as three different viruses belonging to three different species( influenza A/ B/ C virus, species Influenza A/ B/ C virus);( b) host designation permits the use of non- standardized animal names that lack specificity( such as''duck''? |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | Should all other biologists follow the lead of virologists and stop italicizing the names of living organisms? |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | which kind of duck?); and( c) it does not distinguish between strains and variants. |
| cord-329145-424vv8a8 | which kind of hot pepper?). |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | 2 h. Additionally, 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL in the absence of Ca 2? did not affect virus penetration. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Marine and colleagues demonstrated that recombinant porcine SP- D prevented the attachment of human seasonal H 1 N 1 and H 3 N 2 virus to receptors on epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract[? 36?]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Marine and colleagues demonstrated that recombinant porcine SP- D prevented the attachment of human seasonal H 1 N 1 and H 3 N 2 virus to receptors on epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract[? 36?]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | No significant difference was observed between 0 and 30 lg mL-1 of RpSP- A in the absence of Ca 2? |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | The mean viral titer in the presence of 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL with the addition of Ca 2? was 10 4.56 PFU mL |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | The protein RpSP- A was extracted and purified using a 1-mL- size Ni 2? |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | Treatment with 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL in the absence of Ca 2? was used as a negative control, and no inhibition was observed. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | We also found that RpSP- A exerts potent antiviral activity in a Ca 2?-dependent manner, indicating that RpSP- A may interact with PRRSV via the carbohydrate- recognition domain, which is consistent with previous studies[ 27, 28]. |
| cord-322593-bgm6smuo | but it was reduced to 10 4.03 PFU mL-1 in the presence of 30 lg of RpSP- A per mL with the addition of Ca 2? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | Oseltamivir and zanamivir are recommended for all individuals with suspected or confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization and patients in high- risk groups, such as children under the age of two years, adults 65 years or older, pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals, and?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | Oseltamivir and zanamivir are recommended for all individuals with suspected or confirmed influenza requiring hospitalization and patients in high- risk groups, such as children under the age of two years, adults 65 years or older, pregnant women, immunosuppressed individuals, and?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | The origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus: a continuing enigma Influenza: the mother of all pandemics Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918- 1920"Spanish"influenza pandemic Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes Is the gene pool of influenza viruses in shorebirds and gulls different from that in wild ducks? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | Usually,?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | Usually,?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | antiviral?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | antiviral?? |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | women who have given birth within the previous two weeks??. |
| cord-294323-mryiqmsw | women who have given birth within the previous two weeks??. |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Data from cellular immune responses to HEV suggest that the CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | In schizophrenia, increased levels of CD4? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | In the SZ group, 142 of 269( 52.8%) patients showed activation of T cells and increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | In the SZ group, 142 of 269( 52.8%) patients showed activation of T cells and increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | In the present study, the detection rate of anti- HEV IgG in schizophrenia patients with increased CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | In the present study, the detection rate of anti- HEV IgG in schizophrenia patients with increased CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Moreover, schizophrenia patients with increased CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Moreover, schizophrenia patients with increased CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Moreover, schizophrenic patients with increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Moreover, schizophrenic patients with increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Of five anti- HEV- IgM- positive samples, one sample with increased levels of ALT and AST, and an elevated CD4?/ |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute autochthonous hepatitis E Surveillance of hepatitis E virus in sewage and drinking water in a resettlement colony of Delhi: what has been the experience? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Significant differences were observed in serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 levels between the schizophrenia patients with higher values of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Significant differences were observed in serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 levels between the schizophrenia patients with higher values of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T cells and higher CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T cells and higher CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T cells([ 2.03), while only eight people in HC group had increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T cells([ 2.03), while only eight people in HC group had increased ratios of CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T- cell and CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T- cell count is significantly higher in recovered HEV- infected individuals than in acutely infected HEV patients and the general population, but the levels of CD4? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | T- cell, CD4? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | The CD3? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Thus, further well- designed studies should be carried out to analyze the relationships between CD4?/CD8? |
| cord-348179-i8w7huke | Thus, further well- designed studies should be carried out to analyze the relationships between CD4?/CD8? |