Distant Reader - subject-toleration-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 13 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 708,364 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 54,489 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

will, religion, men, may, one, god, church, man, true, say, nature, power, make, shall, us, much, force, yet, now, use, must, way, therefore, people, without, good, things, many, magistrate, great, truth, thing, every, first, well, think, law, made, ye, body, take, reason, also, self, means, time, whether, another, necessary, government

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A third letter for toleration, to the author of the Third letter concerning toleration, A way to health, long life and happiness, or, A discourse of temperance and the particular nature of all things requisite for the life of man as all sorts of meats, drinks, air, exercise &c., with special directions how to use each of them to the best advantage of the body and mind : shewing from the true ground of nature whence most diseases proceed and how to prevent them : to which is added a treatise of most sorts of English herbs ... the whole treatise displaying the most hidden secrets of philosophy ... / communicated to the world for the general good by Thomas Tryon., and A third letter concerning toleration in defense of The argument of the letter concerning toleration, briefly consider''d and answer''d..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

true religion, bring men, tell us, use force, every one, make men, every man, national religion, let us, jesus christ, christian religion, pure spirits, national church, civil magistrate, church government, sufficient evidence, man may, one another, every thing, humane nature, made use, spirituous parts, natural heat, will find, early english, english books, humane means, mens souls, will say, make use, must needs, moderate penalties, false religions, must save, will make, right way, divine principle, two things, magistrate may, old testament, men consider, books online, one man, one thing, whole body, sufficient means, another place, ye may, tells us, desperately perverse

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Fifty questions propounded to the Assembly, to answer by the Scriptures: whether corporall pnnishments [sic] may be inflicted upon such as hold different opinions in religion. By S.R. A defence of the Duke of Buckingham, against the answer to his book, and the reply to his letter by the author of the late Considerations., and A way to health, long life and happiness, or, A discourse of temperance and the particular nature of all things requisite for the life of man as all sorts of meats, drinks, air, exercise &c., with special directions how to use each of them to the best advantage of the body and mind : shewing from the true ground of nature whence most diseases proceed and how to prevent them : to which is added a treatise of most sorts of English herbs ... the whole treatise displaying the most hidden secrets of philosophy ... / communicated to the world for the general good by Thomas Tryon..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, power, church, religion, people, man, magistrate, authority, world, law, government, truth, toleration, tcp, salvation, lord, liberty, laws, king, conscience, sun, spirit, sect, scripture, question, penalties, party, non, nature, nation, men, majesty, force, creation, covenant, civil, case, wrath, worship, words, word, way, water, violence, true, testament, stomach, state, spirits, soul

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be men, and A way to health, long life and happiness, or, A discourse of temperance and the particular nature of all things requisite for the life of man as all sorts of meats, drinks, air, exercise &c., with special directions how to use each of them to the best advantage of the body and mind : shewing from the true ground of nature whence most diseases proceed and how to prevent them : to which is added a treatise of most sorts of English herbs ... the whole treatise displaying the most hidden secrets of philosophy ... / communicated to the world for the general good by Thomas Tryon. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, religion, man, things, way, people, thing, power, truth, time, self, reason, nothing, t, nature, others, body, part, p., magistrate, use, one, words, end, place, means, matter, penalties, hath, none, argument, care, doth, cause, viz, conf, sorts, mind, scripture, right, parts, selves, toleration, kind, blood, case, sort, word, question, sin

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, do, was, were, say, make, being, had, has, did, think, been, does, made, take, bring, consider, use, know, said, tell, let, give, see, done, find, come, according, put, believe, given, used, taken, suppose, makes, having, speak, set, punish, ''s, prove, follow, am, left, go, shew, become

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, force, men, c., religion, nature, law, magistrate, power, p., lord, christ, man, 〉, ◊, ye, government, world, 〈, authority, conscience, spirit, king, liberty, spirits, flesh, england, doctrine, food, truth, toleration, salvation, magistrates, life, civil, hath, christian, national, means, gospel, true, error, laws, quality, n., party, word, body, ministers

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, you, they, their, i, them, his, he, your, we, our, him, us, themselves, my, me, its, himself, her, she, yours, ye, thy, one, theirs, thee, ours, mine, l, punish''d, ''s, whereof, u, ian, whosoever, unfurnish''d, levy''d, iudg''d, itself, is''t, hv''d, humour, hers, hee, ha, f, ce

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, true, own, many, great, good, same, more, necessary, much, first, little, most, sufficient, whole, strong, proper, natural, pure, several, very, common, better, particular, least, greater, false, gross, evil, best, free, few, like, able, right, sweet, moderate, divine, contrary, general, useful, outward, second, next, present, only, fierce, apt, certain

not, so, then, as, only, therefore, now, more, very, well, also, yet, up, much, here, too, most, out, never, even, first, far, thus, ever, all, again, there, indeed, rather, still, especially, else, in, down, at, certainly, together, away, long, already, secondly, on, no, always, otherwise, off, over, once, forth, often

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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