Distant Reader - subject-governmentResistanceTo-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 17 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 324,410 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 19,082 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 88. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

non, roman, god, king, power, people, may, kings, will, laws, law, yet, men, must, shall, one, us, government, man, therefore, though, good, now, religion, made, make, without, resistance, great, right, authority, princes, first, prince, much, subjects, well, christ, might, obedience, also, take, church, time, reason, text, christians, powers, subject, every

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Of resisting the lavvfull magistrate under colour of religion and appendant to it, of the word keima, rendred damnation, Rom. 13, reprinted : also, [brace] of zelots among the Jewes, of taking up the crosse, a vindication of Christs reprehending St. Peter, from the exceptions of Mr. Marshall., The Scriptures plea for magistrates vvherein is shewed the unlawfulnesse of resisting the lawfull magistrate, under colour of religion., and Christianity, a doctrine of the cross, or, Passive obedience, under any pretended invasion of legal rights and liberties.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, passive obedience, higher powers, early english, english books, books online, every man, tells us, page images, text creation, creation partnership, must needs, shall receive, soveraign princes, new testament, common consent, soveraign power, supreme power, civil rights, master marshall, just right, old testament, primitive christians, every soul, let us, conscience sake, every one, saint peter, take away, among us, legal rights, christian religion, characters represented, image sets, represented either, tcp schema, high priest, civil right, make use, king iames, private persons, ye shall, may make, will never, without asking, god almighty, natural rights, private men, unjust violence, nothing else

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A vindication of the divines of the Church of England who have sworn allegiance to K. William & Q. Mary, from the imputations of apostasy and perjury, which are cast upon them upon that account, in the now publish''d History of passive obedience / by one of those divines. Seasonable reflections on a late pamphlet entituled A history of passive obedience since the Reformation wherein the true notion of passive obedience is settled and secured from the malicious interpretations of ill-designing men., and Christianity, a doctrine of the cross, or, Passive obedience, under any pretended invasion of legal rights and liberties.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

king, god, tcp, laws, power, government, roman, religion, prince, law, church, authority, world, subjects, resistance, people, obedience, kingdom, christians, tertullian, peter, parliament, objecter, non, men, man, war, sword, soveraign, son, saviour, rights, rebellion, reason, princes, powers, persons, peers, passive, pag, nature, nations, nation, mr., minister, marshall, majesty, magistrates, lord, land

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be non, and Independency examined, vnmasked, refuted, by twelve new particular interrogatories: detecting both the manifold absurdities, inconveniences that must necessarily attend it, to the great disturbance of church, state, the diminution, subversion of the lawfull undoubted power of all christian magistrates, parliaments, synods: and shaking the chiefe pillars, wherwith its patrons would support it. / By William Prynne of Lincolnes Inne, Esquier. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

kings, people, power, men, man, religion, subjects, time, laws, resistance, reason, things, thing, king, way, others, government, powers, case, right, words, place, p., text, nothing, ▪, authority, part, person, world, self, life, truth, obedience, death, -, consent, sword, force, word, persons, hand, end, arms, cause, liberty, hands, good, defence, one

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, do, did, being, made, make, been, has, take, resist, say, give, think, according, said, put, suffer, set, given, done, called, does, come, having, bound, let, see, obey, taken, ''s, know, says, defend, submit, thought, receive, find, keep, governed, consider, used, answer, use, govern

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, king, law, laws, c., 〉, power, prince, government, princes, christ, 〈, ◊, lord, christians, people, authority, church, kingdom, men, obedience, peter, resistance, doctrine, nature, israel, l., st., tcp, hath, christian, man, gods, david, parliament, justice, magistrates, rights, world, supreme, england, paul, text, religion, ●, saul, passive, thou, covenant, liberty

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, his, their, he, them, i, we, him, our, us, themselves, you, himself, my, your, me, its, her, thy, thee, theirs, she, one, ye, †, ours, ‖, ''em, ourselves, mine, elias, ●, yours, whereof, tamen, myself, levy''d, ib, hee, chrysost

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

roman, non, -, such, other, own, great, same, good, more, many, true, first, whole, much, subject, lawful, common, private, plain, necessary, particular, publick, new, lawfull, greater, very, contrary, free, unjust, higher, sure, best, natural, little, most, absolute, possible, least, last, general, illegal, civil, better, second, christian, present, early, right, wicked

not, so, then, as, therefore, now, only, yet, most, more, up, well, very, also, never, thus, out, onely, ever, even, much, here, just, first, too, indeed, still, certainly, away, far, always, is, that, in, down, there, else, thereof, no, rather, all, before, together, off, especially, again, thereby, †, otherwise, plainly

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.