Distant Reader - subject-freedomOfReligion-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 75 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,511,356 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 20,151 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, may, men, religion, one, church, us, shall, say, true, man, must, christ, yet, power, now, law, things, conscience, make, good, without, much, truth, therefore, people, liberty, magistrate, way, faith, lord, many, first, made, great, force, well, thing, king, scripture, also, let, word, spirit, use, though, every, worship, time

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A free disputation against pretended liberty of conscience tending to resolve doubts moved by Mr. John Goodwin, John Baptist, Dr. Jer. Taylor, the Belgick Arminians, Socinians, and other authors contending for lawlesse liberty, or licentious toleration of sects and heresies. / By Samuel Rutherfurd professor of divinity in the University of St. Andrews., A third letter for toleration, to the author of the Third letter concerning toleration, and Truth and innocence vindicated in a survey of a discourse concerning ecclesiastical polity, and the authority of the civil magistrate over the consciences of subjects in matters of religion..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

true religion, english books, early english, books online, let us, tell us, jesus christ, every man, holy ghost, new testament, bring men, every one, page images, creation partnership, text creation, sound judgment, use force, christian religion, one another, christian liberty, make men, false teachers, reformed religion, must needs, penal laws, old testament, will never, characters represented, represented either, tcp schema, image sets, will say, national religion, true church, worship god, false prophets, man may, national church, tells us, made use, much less, christian magistrate, one thing, take away, every thing, men may, coercive power, lord jesus, without asking, mens souls

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are To the king''s most excellent majesty, the humble address of the cittizens and inhabitants that are of the Presbyterian perswasion in the city of Edinburgh and Cannongate. Their highness the Prince & Princess of Orange''s opinion about a general liberty of conscience, &c. being a collection of four select papers., and A short story of the rise, reign, and ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and libertines that infected the churches of New-England and how they were confuted by the assembly of ministers there as also of the magistrates proceedings in court against them : together with God''s strange remarkable judgements from heaven upon some of the chief fomenters of these opinions : and the lamentable death of Mrs. Hutchison : very fit for these times, here being the same errors amongst us, and acted by the same spirit : published at the instant request of sundry, by one that was an eye and ear-witness of the carriage of matters there..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, tcp, religion, lord, king, laws, power, law, spirit, people, majesty, magistrate, liberty, christian, christ, parliament, government, conscience, authority, gospel, world, scripture, protestants, man, covenant, truth, ministers, men, kingdom, england, court, worship, persecution, light, holy, hereticks, city, book, author, act, testament, state, souldiers, scriptures, salvation, rule, reformed, reformation, question

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Wholesome severity reconciled with Christian liberty, or, The true resolution of a present controversie concerning liberty of conscience here you have the question stated, the middle way betwixt popish tyrannie and schismatizing liberty approved and also confirmed from Scripture and the testimonies of divines, yea of whole churches : the chiefe arguments and exceptions used in the bloudy tenent, The compassionate samaritane, M.S. to A.S. &c., examined : eight distinctions added for qualifying and clearing the whole matter : and in conclusion a parænetick to the five apologists for choosing accommodation rather than toleration. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, religion, man, things, way, people, power, thing, truth, others, time, conscience, scripture, faith, reason, nothing, self, words, word, end, magistrate, part, hath, p., text, t, one, nature, author, place, none, matters, matter, day, death, use, sin, life, liberty, subjects, work, light, mind, kings, case, selves, worship, world, name, law

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, say, had, make, been, being, did, made, said, let, take, has, think, know, believe, give, see, come, according, done, put, given, consider, bring, use, find, having, am, tell, set, ''s, does, hath, called, left, go, concerning, used, judge, taken, suppose, punish, prove, found

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, christ, 〉, ◊, c., 〈, law, lord, religion, king, england, liberty, men, magistrate, hath, force, conscience, spirit, ye, ●, christian, power, tcp, christians, authority, gospel, laws, world, reformation, doctrine, government, faith, magistrates, holy, majesty, p., ministers, worship, truth, doctrin, man, thou, mr., act, parliament, english, gods, word, pag

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, you, their, his, them, i, he, we, our, your, him, us, my, themselves, me, himself, her, its, she, thy, ye, thee, yours, one, theirs, ours, mine, ''s, ''em, l, vp, hers, ourselves, elias, itself, u, herself, em, yourself, us''d, punish''d, non, myself, ●, whosoever, whereof, vnto, beg''d, yee

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, true, own, good, same, many, great, more, false, first, much, necessary, whole, free, contrary, little, least, new, present, common, most, particular, sufficient, greater, better, outward, last, several, general, second, early, old, right, very, former, best, proper, certain, like, sound, english, sure, wicked, late, civil, able, full, few, due

not, so, then, now, as, only, therefore, more, also, yet, well, most, up, never, here, very, much, out, ever, even, thus, far, again, too, onely, first, all, rather, in, there, indeed, no, still, away, at, down, otherwise, together, thereof, forth, just, off, once, else, on, long, truly, certainly, before, whatsoever

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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