quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
in the united states78
as a result of69
on the other hand53
for the detection of52
one of the most48
as well as the45
a l p r43
l p r e43
u r n a43
p r o o43
r o o f43
n a l p43
j o u r43
r n a l43
o u r n43
it is important to42
of escherichia coli o42
can be used to41
of enteric viruses in41
is one of the41
in the presence of36
in the case of36
of human enteric viruses35
and personal care products32
for the removal of32
in the form of31
a wide range of31
at the same time30
of the presence of29
human enteric viruses in28
in addition to the27
the surface of the26
pharmaceuticals and personal care25
of pathogens in water24
for the presence of24
a result of the24
in the absence of23
of indoor vertical farms22
severe acute respiratory syndrome22
for the degradation of22
on the basis of21
from large volumes of21
in the aquatic environment20
of hepatitis a virus20
quantitative microbial risk assessment20
who has granted medrxiv19
for this preprint this19
to display the preprint19
a wide variety of19
display the preprint in19
in water and wastewater19
the preprint in perpetuity19
detection of pathogens in19
is the author funder19
this preprint this version19
as part of the19
i i i i19
granted medrxiv a license19
license to display the19
has been shown to19
holder for this preprint19
a license to display19
medrxiv a license to19
copyright holder for this19
has granted medrxiv a19
preprint this version posted19
the copyright holder for19
made available under a18
is made available under18
can be found in18
available under a is18
under a is the18
license it is made18
a is the author18
indicators of fecal contamination18
it is made available18
international license it is18
the presence of viruses18
of viruses in water18
in the removal of18
the ph of the18
contamination of drinking water17
with the use of17
survival of escherichia coli17
as a source of17
enteric viruses in the17
of the most important17
on the survival of17
have the potential to17
can be used for16
in the water environment16
in terms of the16
exposure to enteric pathogens16
concentration of viruses from16
it is necessary to16
drinking water distribution systems16
the world health organization16
to the presence of16
at the end of15
in the following sections15
the nature of the15
detection of viruses in15
the use of a15
have been reported to15
of escherichia coli in15
it is estimated that15
large volumes of water15
detection of waterborne pathogens15
pathogens in the environment14
of bmps and mms14
can be used as14
there is a need14
associated with drinking water14
the presence of enteric14
methods for the detection14
of climate change on14
the use of the14
below the detection limit14
by the presence of14
for the development of14
in the umgeni river14
hepatitis a virus and14
survival of enteric viruses13
personal care products in13
on the surface of13
the number of bacteria13
viral pathogens in water13
the detection of waterborne13
water supply and sanitation13
the removal efficiency of13
of viruses from water13
the quality of the13
hepatitis a virus in13
of pathogens in the13
play a role in13
presence of enteric viruses13
for the treatment of13
for the protection of13
the rest of the12
the majority of the12
can be used in12
it is essential to12
the size of the12
of viral pathogens in12
detection of enteric viruses12
the pmma go film12
in the developing world12
have been shown to12
of water and wastewater12
were found to be12
and the presence of12
following treatment with undiluted12
and cf remained viable12
tc and cf remained12
the detection of viruses12
the spread of the12
the photocatalytic degradation of12
was found to be12
degradation of organic pollutants12
a function of the12
some of which are12
as an indicator of12
as well as in12
have been isolated from11
indicators of fecal pollution11
the uptake of bmps11
mitigation and adaptation strategies11
in drinking water distribution11
some of the most11
it is likely that11
as shown in table11
for up to days11
outbreak of hepatitis a11
ph of biscao water11
in the range of11
in the late s11
it was found that11
outbreaks associated with drinking11
of pharmaceuticals and personal11
parts of the world11
in the environment and11
water and wastewater treatment11
and the use of11
of fruits and vegetables11
the risk of illness11
been shown to be11
it should be noted11
the construction of the11
of filter run time10
as well as for10
in the degradation of10
is the most common10
detection and quantification of10
a one health approach10
this version posted april10
the presence of the10
the source of the10
in environmental water samples10
viable following treatment with10
effects of climate change10
the presence of sars10
cf remained viable following10
that need to be10
the end of the10
of the use of10
it is clear that10
of enteric pathogens in10
a large amount of10
in the use of10
remained viable following treatment10
a review of the10
drinking water in the10
important to note that10
may be related to10
sources and routes of10
cfu ml for tc10
recovery of viruses from10
in urban coastal zones10
as shown in fig10
ml for tc and10
for tc and cf10
global burden of disease10
as a function of10
as one of the10
in wastewater treatment plants10
viruses from water samples10
at the time of10
should be noted that10
with the presence of10
uptake of bmps and10
that can be used10
human enteric viruses and10
are considered to be10
an overview of the10
in the action labs10
presence of viruses in10
in the transmission of10
the cfu ml for10
the increase in the10
an indoor vertical farm10
with respect to the10
regions of the world10
viruses from large volumes10
regenerated cellulose hollow fiber10
present in the water9
and co in the9
of coliform bacteria in9
a large number of9
is likely to be9
enteric viruses in water9
indicators of water quality9
for the use of9
in tropical and subtropical9
in an attempt to9
water to the environment9
the most commonly used9
are listed in table9
over the course of9
this version posted june9
the fact that the9
have been proposed for9
in order to provide9
one of the major9
a significant role in9
as indicators of water9
be attributed to the9
virus removal efficiency of9
has the potential to9
national primary drinking water9
be related to the9
may be possible to9
have been used for9
have been used as9
that there is no9
the cause of the9
have been associated with9
to an increase in9
could be used to9
has been detected in9
a major cause of9
total and fecal coliforms9
to the fact that9
to be able to9
no conflict of interest9
have been used in9
is based on the9
have been proposed as9
it may be possible9
the results of the9
the incubation period of9
in drinking water systems9
that the number of9
impacts of climate change9
and hepatitis a virus9
the most widely used9
studies have shown that9
has been reported to9
of the effects of9
be used as an9
be used as a9
humic and fulvic acids9
the spread of covid9
more than of the9
information on form g9
surveillance for waterborne disease9
by the use of9
when the water composition9
and the ph of9
are shown in figure9
record this information on9
of indicator bacteria in9
in the field of9
on the occurrence of9
if there is a9
the world bank group9
because of the high9
in the spread of9
are presented in table9
guidelines for water reuse9
the authors declare no9
the risk of infection9
an increase in the8
panel on climate change8
biscao water and co8
the global burden of8
in drinking water that8
are more resistant to8
is important to note8
the presence of human8
forward the sustainable and8
the presence of a8
of a global resource8
a systematic review and8
ho og ge en8
systematic review and meta8
on the type of8
in biscao water and8
has been used to8
the sustainable and welcome8
burden of gi illness8
in the study area8
sustainable and welcome uses8
of the water supply8
of severe acute respiratory8
in order to be8
were below the detection8
in the ssan region8
p pa at th8
pa at th ho8
in order to remove8
the course of the8
dispersion and colloidal dispersion8
has been used for8
on the use of8
fate and transport of8
global atlas of excreta8
th ho og ge8
in the number of8
that there is a8
the degradation of ppcps8
viruses were detected in8
the development of a8
have been used to8
is referred to as8
from the world bank8
survival of indicator bacteria8
the removal of viruses8
developed and developing countries8
and can be used8
of hadvs and hpyvs8
against tc and cf8
in the context of8
american water works association8
of enteric viruses and8
of virus removal efficiency8
that have been used8
as an index of8
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus8
an indicator of fecal8
to the use of8
been proposed as indicators8
water and co in8
biscao dispersion and colloidal8
in the formation of8
is considered to be8
not certified by peer8
which was not certified8
was not certified by8
as the source of8
welcome uses of a8
poliovirus from tap water8
co in the air8
of fecal contamination in8
to safe drinking water8
surface area to volume8
with an increase in8
this information on form8
is a function of8
health risk assessment of8
at th ho og8
viruses in the water8
the tc and cf8
marine and estuarine waters8
is used as a8
in the marine environment8
moving forward the sustainable8
play an important role8
certified by peer review8
of tc and cf8
uses of a global8
in the design of8
results suggest that the8
it is possible that8
of the occurrence of8
that indoor vertical farms8
are known to be8
under visible light irradiation8
tc and cf following8
and welcome uses of8
in an indoor vertical8
and cf following treatment8
the presence of fecal8
within the range of8
a high level of7
in such a way7
to ensure that the7
the centers for disease7
the virus removal efficiency7
that most of the7
coliforms in fresh water7
and human health risk7
onto the surface of7
fecal contamination in the7
can be defined as7
compared to traditional farming7
indicator of fecal pollution7
on the fate of7
access to safe water7
interaction between ca ions7
united states environmental protection7
method for the detection7
may or may not7
the amount of water7
in many of the7
a result of their7
disease outbreaks associated with7
between ca ions in7
the number of fecal7
the ph of each7
biscao water was sprayed7
was used as the7
contamination in drinking water7
the water composition was7
and the number of7
been reported to be7
of the disease burden7
in treated drinking water7
a larger number of7
glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin7
in comparison to the7
is likely that the7
ions in biscao water7
the seven action labs7
have been reported in7
an outbreak of hepatitis7
an important role in7
cfu ml of tc7
in order to reduce7
from exposure to lids7
on the amount of7
on virus survival in7
associated with recreational water7
in the process of7
the difference between the7
meter of total freshwater7
are a number of7
drinking water and sanitation7
of bacteria in the7
affecting the survival of7
as well as a7
bacteria in sea water7
centers for disease control7
one of the key7
fate of escherichia coli7
in the production of7
cubic meter of total7
in the state of7
the consumption of contaminated7
as indicators of fecal7
the presence of pathogens7
of fecal indicator bacteria7
water in the united7
ml of tc and7
disease control and prevention7
the photocatalytic activity of7
human health risk assessment7
the number of people7
isolation and characterization of7
the safe use of7
bacteria and viruses in7
can also be used7
is the number of7
indoor vertical farms are7
under years of age7
area to volume ratio7
removal of viruses from7
been reported in the7
chromium in drinking water7
for the analysis of7
and indicator organisms in7
of total freshwater withdrawn7
in order to calculate7
it is evident that7
samples were collected from7
surface and ground water7
access to safe drinking7
used as indicators of7
for the concentration of7
intergovernmental panel on climate7
the extent of virus7
and there is a7
access to basic hand7
a case study of7
detection and identification of7
the survival of enteric7
on the go layer7
of viruses in the7
small round structured viruses7
obtained in each study7
sources and modes of7
the potential to reduce7
a key role in7
at room temperature for7
is a need to7
direct detection of pathogens7
the number of viruses7
o o f the7
in indoor vertical farms7
as well as by7
with the help of7
indoor vertical farms can7
the transmission of sars7
ca ions in biscao7
a better understanding of7
the presence of pathogenic7
in the face of7
per cubic meter of7
state of the art7
as part of a7
lower than the original7
states environmental protection agency7
the umgeni river at7
there are a number7
the complexity of the7
during the dry season7
is shown in figure7
by the water route7
bacterial and viral pathogens6
and colloidal dispersion were6
to deal with the6
is shown in fig6
the presence of organic6
safe use of wastewater6
colloidal dispersion were below6
there is the need6
as well as their6
viruses in environmental samples6
a leading cause of6
was measured over the6
an index of pollution6
spread of the virus6
is the most important6
was lower than the6
are more likely to6
the disease burden of6
biscao water on the6
low counts of tc6
for the identification of6
many parts of the6
as a set of6
of the wastewater treatment6
concentration of enteroviruses from6
it is important that6
of the united states6
will have to be6
in drinking water and6
the authors declare that6
play a significant role6
has led to the6
bacteria in the sea6
it is worth to6
is colorless and transparent6
of influenza a virus6
to the lack of6
it is possible to6
a growing number of6
for disease control and6
and the occurrence of6
occurrence of viruses in6
coliforms and fecal streptococci6
to the development of6
the location of the6
of fecal pollution in6
reduced to below the6
sources of contamination and6
the physical and chemical6
of the lack of6
which is one of6
from the umgeni river6
the effectiveness of the6
the risk of contracting6
indicate the presence of6
changes in land use6
a white powder coating6
from wastewater treatment plants6
cause any adverse noncarcinogenic6
r re em mo6
of enteric viruses from6
used to calculate the6
for the examination of6
were found in the6
of poliovirus from tap6
to be associated with6
in surface water and6
to the generation of6
positively charged microporous filters6
according to the manufacturer6
organisms for estuarine and6
of human adenoviruses and6
in a changing climate6
a crucial role in6
ff fe ec ct6
fecal streptococci and enterococci6
water as well as6
ov va al l6
wastewater reclamation and reuse6
original ph of biscao6
is known to be6
care must be taken6
is assumed to be6
measured over the course6
is of vital importance6
due to the fact6
the original ph of6
can be achieved by6
united states surveillance for6
value that was lower6
to be related to6
the millennium development goals6
water using positively charged6
a substantial amount of6
an increase in water6
immediately after spraying was6
in a number of6
and wastewater treatment plants6
of bacteria and viruses6
at high relative humidity6
for a long time6
drinking water supplies in6
is thought to be6
bacteriophages as indicators of6
the survival of escherichia6
rainforest in peninsular malaysia6
more likely to have6
public health impact of6
the impacts of the6
and outbreaks associated with6
as soon as possible6
that have been proposed6
by the united nations6
cause of the outbreak6
of the number of6
it is well known6
an evaluation of the6
ingestion of drinking water6
strategies that have been6
coastal waters has been6
n r re em6
of annual disease burden6
be used for the6
be a source of6
for rapid detection of6
order to calculate the6
ec ct t o6
a portion of the6
in light of the6
of water quality in6
van reis and zydney6
outbreak of pharyngoconjunctival fever6
it is of vital6
up to days in6
in sediment than in6
was reported to be6
fe ec ct t6
is due to the6
in soil and on6
in the treatment of6
the mean value of6
a state of emergency6
of the pmma go6
to determine whether the6
the activated sludge process6
expressed in terms of6
of drying biscao water6
t o of f6
ph of each wet6
effect of relative humidity6
indoor vertical farms have6
may be necessary to6
a number of studies6
in the st century6
ef ff fe ec6
as well as to6
water and waste water6
drinking water that is6
need to be considered6
are shown in table6
and in some cases6
factors affecting the survival6
the most probable number6
involves the use of6
factors such as the6
states surveillance for waterborne6
the ph of a6
dispersion were below the6
over the past decade6
over a period of6
indicator organisms for estuarine6
on the effects of6
the number of cases6
may need to be6
associated with exposure to6
in the course of6
than the original ph6
a high concentration of6
in drinking water treatment6
health and the environment6
re em mo ov6
a viable but non6
to be the most6
provide information on the6
the risk of contamination6
the disease burden from6
on the pmma go6
other areas of environmental6
of the st century6
that was lower than6
the time of the6
health risks associated with6
in each study is6
f fi il lt6
as the number of6
is well known that6
mo ov va al6
areas of environmental health6
for the first time6
in many parts of6
fecal contamination in drinking6
children under years of6
in england and wales6
to cause any adverse6
ingestion of contaminated water6
viruses in environmental water6
be associated with the6
with the exception of6
em mo ov va6
the quality of water6
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium6
fluorescence in situ hybridization6
of water quality and6
presence or absence of6
through the use of6
pathogen samples were collected6
enteric pathogen exposure assessments6
the adsorption of viruses6
in contact with the6
used as an indicator6
the use of water6
an example of a6
viruses in the environment6
the water supply and6
with little or no6
forest in peninsular malaysia6
was sprayed onto the6
photocatalytic degradation of organic6
h of filter run6
in spite of the6
viruses in water samples6
ct t o of6
tropical rainforest in peninsular6
at the expense of6
in order to meet6
of viruses from large6
a water quality indicator6
the draft cancer guidelines6
needs to be considered6
of emerging contaminants in6
times more likely to6
be one of the6
incubation period of the6
human enteric viruses are6
can be attributed to6
a value that was6
e ef ff fe6
is a need for6
in the development of6
by means of the6
there is a wide6
for the detection and6
for detection of human6
water samples seeded with6
the surface soil layer6
both tc and cf6
have been identified as6
that can be transmitted6
of cryptosporidium and giardia6
removal of pharmaceuticals and6
source and mode of6
are based on the6
are summarized in table6
and mode of contamination6
of the most common6
mortality of coliform bacteria6
primary drinking water regulations6
in fresh and marine6
a wastewater treatment plant6
of biscao water was6
for concentrating viruses from6
and coastal waters has6
to below the detection6
for the survival of6
us environmental protection agency6
cf following treatment with6
the aim of this6
counts of tc and6
the public health impact6
in the culture room6
the degradation of organic6
the use of this5
can be transmitted by5
the treatment of wastewater5
enteric viruses has been5
set of technical replicates5
each study is indicated5
examination of water and5
such as activated carbon5
at lower ph levels5
implications for public health5
generate larger biscao particles5
in contrast to the5
different water use behaviors5
methods for the examination5
in the dry season5
poliovirus concentration from tap5
gdp per cubic meter5
of the global population5
in the water supply5
colorless and transparent with5
in the gulf of5
for long periods of5
concentration of viruses in5
at the surface of5
added to ml of5
the effects of climate5
detection of human adenoviruses5
the intergovernmental panel on5
safe water and good5
the total lr value5
drinking water treatment technologies5
there is also a5
healing of pseudomonas aeruginosa5
of the most effective5
for a number of5
open marsh water management5
it is also possible5
the survival of fecal5
water was sprayed onto5
the supernatant of a5
have been developed for5
inactivation of giardia cysts5
the ecology of the5
have also been developed5
in terms of water5
effect of solar radiation5
care products in the5
been noted that the5
disease in the united5
can be divided into5
and the risk of5
presence of human enteric5
have been detected in5
reuse for human consumption5
the characteristics of the5
the results showed that5
in the area of5
for the safe use5
role in the spread5
og ge en n5
this means that the5
the vast majority of5
the effect of water5
for direct detection of5
a flow rate of5
as a case study5
a lack of information5
often referred to as5
transmission of viruses by5
in the middle of5
may be used as5
sanitation in developing countries5
would like to thank5
cfu ml of cf5
enteric viruses in oysters5
h and salmonella enterica5
for addressing climate change5
number in each study5
in the same way5
the development of an5
with stirring for h5
indicated in a parenthesis5
as the cause of5
from tap water using5
concentrating viruses from water5
concentration method for the5
survival of hepatitis a5
in any of the5
the public health risks5
and survival of enteric5
depending on the type5
in terms of their5
removal and or inactivation5
is an example of5
value of virus log5
the us environmental protection5
by a variety of5
showed that biscao water5
of drinking water sources5
hepatitis a associated with5
climate change and the5
drinking water treatment plant5
is the mean value5
can result in a5
the occurrence of enteric5
take into account the5
removal efficiency of norovirus5
da rocha et al5
authors declare no conflict5
of the filter media5
the urban water cycle5
procedure indicated in supplementary5
in a parenthesis next5
land application of wastewater5
ground and surface waters5
a detailed description of5
as a basis for5
be used in the5
during the rainy season5
be the most reliable5
a major role in5
and colloidal dispersion exhibited5
of biscao water and5
similar to that of5
the sensitivity of the5
for temperature and salinity5
clean and safe water5
chemical in drinking water5
the flint water crisis5
are one of the5
environmental science technology pubs5
health risks from exposure5
of indicator bacteria and5
is not expected to5
not expected to cause5
on the particle surface5
indoor vertical farms and5
of humic and fulvic5
are at risk of5
the survival time of5
a result of its5
it is worth noting5
on the efficacy of5
it has been reported5
samples were found positive5
of water molecules on5
per sample was determined5
black square is the5
declare no conflict of5
the selected water features5
of the water quality5
the case of the5
supernatant of a suspension5
in marine and estuarine5
pharmaceutical and personal care5
in the following section5
the direct detection of5
of the water and5
tem images of presumptive5
on the source of5
concentration from tap water5
in water and the5
global climate change and5
as well as other5
in favor of the5
use of nucleic acid5
on the presence of5
the ratio of the5
of natural organic matter5
bactericidal activities of biscao5
method for detection of5
the presence or absence5
of solar radiation on5
viruses and bacteria in5
be transmitted by water5
an interaction between ca5
the following equation is5
temperature of the water5
methods for detection of5
from the point of5
with electropositive adsorbent filters5
control the spread of5
when it comes to5
detection of enteroviruses in5
and the effect of5
ml of clean water5
used as a source5
have also been implicated5
to generate larger biscao5
must be considered in5
risks from exposure to5
the origin of the5
and good sanitary systems5
considered as part of5
viruses in water is5
and its impact on5
org est critical review5
adsorption of viruses onto5
of the target species5
that the majority of5
be found in the5
h of stirring in5
there are more than5
disease and outbreaks associated5
is consistent with the5
head of the bay5
discussed in the following5
can be employed to5
is obtained by the5
over the past years5
are several types of5
for simultaneous recovery of5
in the intestinal tract5
operating and maintenance costs5
expected to cause any5
of salmonella enterica serovar5
an indication of the5
of giardia and cryptosporidium5
human health and the5
this approach has been5
of a wastewater treatment5
the back skin of5
released from the contaminated5
the efficiency of the5
of the water is5
that is not expected5
smooth metal or plastic5
challenges to public health5
bmps and mms in5
the net photosynthetic rate5
with drinking water and5
due to the presence5
the water quality of5
it has been noted5
transparent with a ph5
are shown in fig5
the sample number in5
occurrence of enteric viruses5
on the effect of5
the spread of disease5
from plus lab corp5
calculation procedure indicated in5
of drinking water supplies5
activities of biscao water5
and or inactivation of5
is worth to mention5
hadvs and hpyvs in5
the head of the5
participation and water governance5
there are several types5
waterborne disease and outbreaks5
of biscao water on5
of viruses and bacteria5
ml of biscao water5
a tropical rainforest in5
be taken into consideration5
one health approach to5
enteric viruses in estuarine5
a parenthesis next to5
for detection and quantification5
contamination in the environment5
is indicated in a5
tc and cf were5
vary according to the5
order to reduce the5
obtained by the calculation5
of the umgeni river5
square is the mean5
to control the spread5
for the production of5
for direct potable reuse5
be taken into account5
and temperature on the5
on a daily basis5
in a way that5
for at least days5
standard methods for the5
indicated in supplementary materials5
this can be achieved5
in wastewater and sludge5
will depend on the5
enteric viruses in groundwater5
the burden of disease5
by means of a5
lt te er r5
the volume of water5
microbial source tracking markers5
of enteric pathogen exposure5
fecal coliforms and enterococci5
according to the world5
less than of the5
a change in the5
to the surface of5
is the use of5
improve the efficiency of5
study is indicated in5
physical and chemical characteristics5
fi il lt te5
of various organic pollutants5
water and agriculture policies5
of the mip family5
mean value of virus5
to the size of5
are referred to as5
water that is not5
and are present in5
on a large scale5
the concentration of a5
ambient water quality criteria5
of the akosombo dam5
indoor vertical farms is5
that the presence of5
less than that of5
and a bar indicates5
to concentrate viruses from5
the only way to5
a suspension of this5
was observed in the5
be defined as a5
more than half of5
used for this purpose5
to an average of5
of human pathogenic viruses5
total lr value is5
of drinking water treatment5
the source of contamination5
used for clothes washing5
most of the available5
may be useful to5
ranging in size from5
detection of vibrio cholerae5
be used to calculate5
has been demonstrated to5
reported in the literature5
is the result of5
the magnitude of the5
the use of nucleic5
with the number of5
and the lack of5
such a way that5
the examination of water5
use of water in5
in the food industry5
in typical drinking water5
these samples were collected5
should be taken into5
the main source of5
survival of pathogens in5
long periods of time5
world bank group report5
lr value is obtained5
per person per year5
of the pathogen feed5
occurrence of human enteric5
global warming climate change5
management of water resources5
and at the same5
a bar indicates confidence5
to be one of5
has been noted that5
of a tropical rainforest5
of microbial pathogens in5
present in the umgeni5
in the generation of5
to the risk of5
has been identified as5
in the calculation of5
for the enumeration of5
by an interaction between5
a set of technical5
to isolate and identify5
the field of water5
water with electropositive adsorbent5
the world health organisation5
human and animal feces5
associated with the use5
of human and animal5
fecal streptococci as indicators5
the severe acute respiratory5
of microbiological water quality5
of virus log reduction5
may be the most5
when biscao water was5
the calculation procedure indicated5
of urban coastal zones5
to be due to5
in developing countries is5
of bacterial pathogens in5
recovery efficiencies of hadvs5
of surface and ground5
enteric viruses and bacteriophages5
the scope of this5
as a means to5
the public water supply5
concentration of poliovirus from5
o f journal pre5
as shown in figure5
the number of colony5
bar indicates confidence interval5
increase in the number5
bmps and mms to5
by a factor of5
by the calculation procedure5
to indicate the presence5
and it has been5
for waterborne disease and5
a factor in the5
volume of water used5
o o f journal5
sample number in each5
source of the illness5
as a proxy for5
due to the high5
in the surface layer5
and transparent with a5
united nations world water5
to human health and5
are made up of5
with high concentrations of5
to increase in number5
may be useful for5
contamination of the environment5
it has been shown5
survival of human enteric5
the salable part of5
streptococci as indicators of5
of hepatitis a associated5
of the th century5
because of the lack5
a wide array of5
of science and technology5
in a variety of5
to improve water quality5
american public health association5
parenthesis next to ci5
in many developing countries5
affect the survival of5
generated by an interaction5
safe drinking water and5
the survival of the5
of a suspension of5
of colony forming units5
pathogenic bacteria and viruses5
internal measures of exposure5
next to ci values5
with special reference to5
tropical rain forest in5
have led to a5
of biscao and bisca5
samples were collected at5
at the exchange boundary5
coliform and fecal coliform5
also depends on the5
the removal of ppcps5
more resistant to chlorine5
and indicator bacteria in5
related to the presence5
il lt te er5
has been found to5
play a crucial role5
in raw and treated5
the survival of e5
of water used for5
polymerase chain reaction and5
in line with the5
white powder was insoluble5
the concentration of the5
will be able to5
value is obtained by5
at the start of5
with access to basic5
after a period of5
and the role of5
mean recovery efficiencies of5
for the recovery of5
the pmma go fibers5
of wastewater treatment plants5
between human and animal5
are the most common5
a limited number of5
it is recommended that5
estuarine and marine waters5
and treated drinking water4
the detection of the4
associated with a swimming4
water that had been4
increase in water composition4
elsewhere in this book4
the temperature of the4
that are known to4
untreated wastewater in australia4
not have access to4
food and agriculture organization4
risks to human health4
fresh and salt waters4
estuarine and coastal waters4
coli in drinking water4
proposed as indicators of4
indoor vertical farming is4
been isolated from seawater4
risk assessment of surface4
the united nations world4
to be used in4
of the most probable4
but not limited to4
is generally agreed that4
it has been suggested4
onto the back skin4
of quantitative microbial risk4
pros and cons of4
contamination of surface water4
water used for clothes4
coliform bacteria in seawater4
that are to be4
drinking water standards and4
of nitrogen and phosphorus4
to the reduction of4
in many areas of4
ministry of the environment4
as result of the4
of multiple microbe classes4
a transient reservoir for4
of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts4
on survival of indicator4
coliforms have been used4
of fecal pollution for4
the fate and transport4
the choice of the4
the fate of the4
persistence of poliovirus in4
to play a role4
of the incubation period4
likely to have been4
index of pollution of4
bottom water or sediment4
de flora et al4
enteric viruses of humans4
are not able to4
be present in water4
the total annual burden4
than in overlying water4
over the past decades4
adverse noncarcinogenic effects for4
similar observations on the4
term used to describe4
survival of escherichia coil4
is summarized in table4
of the risk of4
den untersuchungen der plankton4
water was exposed to4
protection of public health4
demonstrates that the conventional4
it is generally agreed4
water samples by the4
indicators of faecal pollution4
management for vector control4
and the type of4
a thin layer of4
may be used in4
for the treatment team4
the study revealed that4
of nucleic acid probes4
resistant to chlorine than4
in the environment as4
referred to as a4
statistically or biologically significant4
sealed in plastic bags4
surface and ground waters4
the efficacy of the4
for the purpose of4
at a flow rate4
in extremely high numbers4
may be found in4
water quality assessment tools4
water composition was vol4
there was no statistically4
impact of climate change4
is the sum of4
adapt to climate change4
of climate change and4
domestic and wild animals4
to drinking water sources4
that sediment was a4
virus concentration from water4
performed as a set4
cao and or ca4
on factors such as4
the bottom of the4
for carcinogen risk assessment4
the calculation of the4
there has been a4
a systematic review of4
heated scallop shell powder4
use of indicator organisms4
in river water samples4
influence the extent of4
of many of the4
a handheld odor meter4
have been applied to4
need to be performed4
of the water sample4
has been shown that4
the most effective and4
to water quality and4
tc and cf values4
coliforms in bottom sediments4
virus detection in water4
to a greater extent4
the united states in4
the direction of the4
for virus removal from4
total coliforms have been4
prevalence of schistosomiasis in4
of bacterial indicator organisms4
the occurrence of human4
particles or precipitates that4
an attempt to reduce4
to reduce the load4
enteric viruses in coastal4
viruses which may be4
mean and standard deviation4
the intestinal tract of4
has been reported by4
of land application of4
root to shoot ratio4
water supply or recreational4
that of biscao water4
of fecal pollution is4
public health safety of4
for each of the4
from the surface soil4
stage of pathogens entering4
first decade of the4
sediments than in sea4
the causative agent of4
the concentration of viruses4
the pressure of the4
figures and show the4
drinking water and recreational4
as indicators of the4
can be useful in4
the united states environmental4
to develop an integrated4
it is apparent that4
been applied to the4
is often necessary to4
viruses by the water4
the s in the4
well as in the4
the most important factor4
in arid and semiarid4
flora of the environment4
found to be a4
the ph decreased to4
for the inactivation of4
is the term used4
a critical review of4
as a general rule4
common in developing countries4
nature of the soil4
diatoms from polluted water4
for the determination of4
precipitates that provide hydroxyl4
to sea level rise4
reliable method for determining4
onto the surfaces of4
under the water evaporation4
the disease under investigation4
it is advisable to4
einiger alterer und neuerer4
comparative survival of indicator4
contained insoluble cao and4
enteric viruses in shellfish4
posed by the presence4
of escherichia coli and4
in a water sample4
it is also important4
keep in mind that4
produced by some strains4
to the spread of4
is also important to4
fate and transport models4
pathogens in water and4
images of drying biscao4
these results suggest that4
should be encouraged to4
in various parts of4
quality of irrigation water4
could be detected in4
the united states from4
in influent and effluent4
the bactericidal action of4
tap water with electropositive4
that the insoluble powder4
outbreaks associated with swimming4
although the presence of4
as a water quality4
it is difficult to4
considered in selecting an4
methods specific to evaluating4
have been implicated as4
most of the year4
recent work which shows4
this method involves the4
of the great lakes4
pathogens and indicators in4
can be classified into4
up to of the4
a fraction of the4
in different types of4
drinking water distribution system4
reject the null hypothesis4
to wash their hands4
reduce the amount of4
conducted to determine the4
water and sea water4
and the importance of4
the liquid became cloudy4
evaluation and human health4
the odor intensity was4
has been proposed for4
of bioshell calcium oxide4
many of these are4
times higher compared to4
one of the largest4
in the water sample4
that many of the4
newly developed epifluorescent immunofluorescent4
of vibrio cholerae in4
bacteria isolated from the4
viruses in environmental waters4
and modes of contamination4
spread of the disease4
a body of water4
of the most recent4
plays a key role4
the transmission of the4
at the university of4
for human enteric viruses4
surface of a surgical4
the relationship between the4
studies have demonstrated that4
can be combined with4
and the need for4
water resources control board4
protection equipment against airborne4
in the growth of4
on the theoretical side4
the hiv aids epidemic4
been identified as a4
a group of microorganisms4
has proven to be4
that the ability of4
was eliminated after min4
directly or indirectly affect4
the particle size of4
survive longer than fecal4
to enteric pathogens is4
a broad spectrum of4
waters has been reviewed4
on the quality of4
turn of the century4
this part of the4
in some sediments than4
all over the world4
include the use of4
indicators of virological quality4
were collected from the4
water and surface water4
the genus enterococcus nom4
the presence of viral4
and validation of a4
factor responsible for the4
techniques for the detection4
in the early s4
viruses from tap water4
drinking water sources from4
insoluble cao and or4
requires a lot of4
the first time in4
water works assoc doi4
measured using a handheld4
null hypothesis of no4
in shellfish and shellfish4
wounds in diabetic db4
viruses from environmental waters4
the removal of organic4
weakly acidic hypochlorous acid4
may not be as4
health risk associated with4
be used to indicate4
diluted biscao water and4
in relation to the4
reducing the impacts of4
of drinking water and4
for recovery of viruses4
it is concluded that4
on the persistence of4
fecal contamination in water4
the development of new4
for use in the4
the united states and4
methods for the enumeration4
of more than one4
room temperature for min4
of indicator microorganisms is4
and chemical characteristics of4
and finished drinking water4
perfringens as a water4
the basis of the4
and mms in the4
images of biscao water4
of most of the4
that the newly developed4
sprayed onto the back4
daily operation of wastewater4
seeded with human wastewater4
water and survival of4
umgeni river at the4
most reliable method for4
state water resources control4
sanitation needs to be4
was used as a4
are not the same4
to the genus enterococcus4
at the present time4
is shown in table4
the water volume of4
modes of contamination and4
a promising alternative to4
of viruses to the4
epifluorescent immunofluorescent direct detection4
potential water quality assessment4
fecal coliforms in fresh4
v v ethanol solution4
the number of new4
pathogens or toxic substances4
should be considered as4
little is known about4
interaction with the environment4
methods for recovery of4
on a continuous basis4
present in the environment4
threat to human health4
of coastal bathing waters4
reduce the transmission of4
products in the environment4
a summary of the4
protection of human health4
and cf values increased4
human enteric viruses has4
have been widely used4
significant role in the4
for determining public health4
in the coastal zone4
surveillance of viral pathogens4
degradation of various organic4
the objectives of the4
distribution of bacteria in4
alterer und neuerer untersuchungen4
to the formation of4
and nutritional interventions on4
to the effects of4
can be prepared by4
suggest that the newly4
measured by gdp per4
has not yet been4
the effect of temperature4
it is crucial to4
the late s and4
need to develop a4
in terms of its4
the terminal electron acceptor4
whereas low counts of4
found in the water4
to the go layer4
in the risk assessment4
of viruses in reclaimed4
whether there is an4
of f f fi4
diabetic db db mice4
focused on the effects4
decade of the st4
the recovery efficiencies of4
as well as an4
source of drinking water4
with soap and water4
following equation is used4
as well as its4
related issues in the4
have been found to4
values of virus removal4
the first decade of4
in most of the4
water quality effects of4
uv and visible light4
studies have confirmed that4
from tap water with4
and fecal coliforms are4
use of sewage sludge4
borne diseases produced by4
surface and groundwater resources4
several orders of magnitude4
ground water and surface4
although de flora et4
people living in africa4
study showed that biscao4
assessment of surface and4
to saving water if4
in water management and4
entering the marine environment4
of water in the4
the role of the4
impacts on ecosystems and4
in water from the4
in untreated wastewater in4
of a biscao suspension4
the change in the4
the number of persons4
due to the lack4
and bacteria in surface4
the number of projections4
the water use efficiency4
and potential water quality4
the h n virus4
the term used to4
that they have no4
concentration of a chemical4
be the most important4
crucial role in the4
dispersion contained insoluble cao4
water are shown in4
is not the only4
wastewater treatment plants as4
associated with swimming pools4
cannot be used to4
and other public places4
removal of organic pollutants4
environment may be the4
has been suggested as4
influent and effluent samples4
the use of fecal4
the pilot plant was4
viruses in surface water4
that are capable of4
of virological quality of4
associated with fresh produce4
climate change adaptation strategies4
in the treated water4
with a wide range4
the rhode river estuary4
and counting were performed4
an efficient and effective4
needs to be provided4
is a critical step4
the most reliable method4
the need to provide4
of the most commonly4
of human pathogens in4
infected wounds in diabetic4
methods for virus concentration4
suggest that the insoluble4
of primary contact water4
not be able to4
from the contaminated wood4
accounted for of the4
hazards in marine and4
a period of time4
disability adjusted life years4
of the environment must4
of bathing water quality4
of fecal contamination and4
of the masks and4
the go layer and4
removal of suspended solids4
the mean recovery efficiencies4
for viruses and that4
health problems associated with4
is a matter of4
in the synthesis of4
equivalent human dose from4
and analysis of a4
the extent to which4
which is within the4
are likely to be4
may be due to4
and the possibility of4
detection of indicator microorganisms4
the most important of4
the use of an4
stirring in ambient air4
the determination of the4
animals in aquatic environments4
in the era of4
over the last decades4
according to the who4
water and povidone iodine4
the formation of a4
public health problem in4
the survival of viruses4
integrated water resources management4
were detected in the4
of this review is4
for estuarine and coastal4
with an assumed di4
recycled hazardous waste materials4
be able to maintain4
from the fact that4
beyond the scope of4
somatic coliphages and f4
using positively charged microporous4
pathogen removal efficiency of4
using a handheld odor4
as a measure of4
be used to estimate4
of the atlantic ocean4
marine environment demonstrates that4
an assumed di of4
a large outbreak of4
indicators of the presence4
may be contaminated with4
an assessment of the4
on the in situ4
of biscao water for4
the newly developed epifluorescent4
been used for the4
in seawater survival of4
virological analysis of water4
over the next years4
depth of water uptake4
been suggested as better4
as is the case4
the stability of the4
of the variation in4
or precipitates that provide4
we would like to4
connected with each other4
stability of the pathogen4
any adverse noncarcinogenic effects4
in order to increase4
the results of these4
a chemical in drinking4
high surface area and4
internalization of escherichia coli4
viruses from water by4
ph of a biscao4
this review is to4
virus survival in soil4
with drinking water in4
as indicators of virological4
in contact with water4
of humans and animals4
the objective of this4
people with access to4
sci total environ doi4
of animal viruses in4
the percentage of the4
in the rest of4
the environment may be4
the microbicidal efficacy of4
the chemical composition of4
for the evaluation of4
has resulted in the4
samples by the viradel4
of graphitic carbon nitride4
surface area of the4
what will it take4
for enumeration of fecal4
has led to a4
detection and characterization of4
for the assessment of4
a lowland dipterocarp forest4
survival and persistence of4
are present in the4
have shown that the4
of a chemical in4
an integrated genotyping approach4
of the filter matrix4
could be attributed to4
it is recommended to4
the first step in4
virus removal in wastewater4
wa at te er4
efficacy of biscao water4
c ch ha ar4
be relied upon to4
is presented in table4
longer in some sediments4
ha is generally based4
pharyngoconjunctival fever caused by4
water for human consumption4
an analysis of the4
the microbiological safety of4
shows a viable but4
fold diluted biscao water4
the state of california4
a risk of infection4
w wa at te4
reservoir for viruses and4
on the level of4
play a major role4
is said to be4
children in developing countries4
ecosystem functions and services4
the middle of the4
has been described by4
due to their low4
incidence of disease in4
of avian influenza virus4
escherichia coli o in4
skin of hairless rat4
a water composition of4
hands with soap and4
natural flora of the4
for detecting viruses in4
or may not be4
waterborne disease outbreaks associated4
diseases that are caused4
in selecting an indicator4
been used as indicators4
enumeration of fecal coliforms4
can serve as a4
from environmental water samples4
environment must be considered4
for the control of4
referred to as the4
in a vacuum chamber4
case is a person4
guidelines for carcinogen risk4
when there is a4
members of the family4
powder obtained from biscao4
the source of infection4
fresh fruits and vegetables4
and quantification of sars4
the use of indicator4
of pathogens entering the4
contributed to the outbreak4
can be achieved through4
on the part of4
back skin of hairless4
enterococci have been suggested4
of escherichia coil in4
wastewater for human consumption4
a high risk of4
the efficiency of virus4
may act as a4
the various types of4
the purpose of the4
will need to be4
an epidemiological study of4
than in bottom water4
contamination and survival of4
sediment was a transient4
as enterococcus faecalis comb4
survival and transport of4
to wastewater treatment plants4
water treatment plants and4
a virus in environmental4
are discussed in the4
the distribution of bacteria4
of the intergovernmental panel4
biscao water and povidone4
and dissemination of human4
river water seeded with4
incubated at room temperature4
the water of the4
guidelines for the safe4
the temporal and spatial4
should be used to4
the selection of the4
in bottom water or4
by one of the4
into the aquatic environment4
has been used as4
j am water works4
it is the most4
f f fi il4
is characterized by a4
outbreaks associated with recreational4
to improve the efficiency4
cksichtigung einiger alterer und4
detected in the umgeni4
is the need for4
with a variety of4
the us epa guidelines4
is estimated that of4
direct detection of specific4
in each action lab4
to days in the4
the environmental sustainability of4
were performed as a4
the need for a4
in water are still4
multiple microbe classes from4
to the outside area4
the addition of go4
for waterborne disease outbreaks4
a sufficient number of4
be considered in selecting4
environment demonstrates that the4
and types of agents4
occurrence of enteroviruses in4
as well as on4
there are three main4
has been suggested that4
water and recreational water4
detection of escherichia coli4
of disaster incubation has4
by gdp per cubic4
for the photocatalytic degradation4
the bay of bengal4
presence of pathogens in4
and the effects of4
sediments on the survival4
isolated from seawater and4
and the temperature coefficient4
the contamination of the4
water not intended for4
a recent study has4
fecal coliforms in bottom4
with the aid of4
to air with stirring4
of waterborne disease outbreaks4
the provision of clean4
and escherichia coli o4
surface to volume ratio4
may be present in4
conventional detection of indicator4
an important indicator of4
the state of the4
coliforms in sea water4
municipal wastewater treatment plants4
hepatitis a virus from4
for the pmma go4
of viruses in soil4
of indicator organisms for4
and fecal streptococci as4
the use of masks4
it has also been4
of the total number4
the removal of these4
the fate of escherichia4
plating and counting were4
of biscao water are4
of fecal coliforms in4
the presence of indicator4
of the environment and4
tropical and subtropical regions4
after the construction of4
burden of disease and4
the office of water4
in sewage treatment plants4
and animals in aquatic4
a new tool for4
that the conventional detection4
would be necessary to4
water quality in the4
we can conclude that4
it is important for4
by the world health4
a small number of4
of the virus in4
developed epifluorescent immunofluorescent direct4
as well as those4
was no statistically significant4
transient reservoir for viruses4
viruses in shellfish and4
even in the absence4
which shows a viable4
if this is not4
have been suggested as4
health hazards in marine4
fecal and total coliforms4
been used in the4
and the loss of4
as the use of4
to take part in4
was supported by the4
toxicology of chemical mixtures4
development and application of4
e p pa at4
the photocatalytic performance of4
from great salt lake4
of a series of4
the survival of salmonella4
other human enteric viruses4
indicator microorganisms is misleading4
is also possible that4
veterinary and public health4
was exposed to air4
on the mortality of4
and colloidal dispersion contained4
in addition to these4
and shellfish harvesting waters4
of the rural communities4
have also been proposed4
public health hazards in4
to improve the water4
do not have a4
wetting and drying the4
contaminated food or water4
in reducing aerosol contamination4
from ten ill persons4
declare that they have4
removal efficiency in wastewater4
river water samples seeded4
likely to be reported4
a tropical rain forest4
by wetting and drying4
more than million people4
was added to the4
a broad range of4
there is a high4
of the action labs4
the agricultural use of4
of fecal coliforms and4
of pharmaceuticals in the4
obtained from the world4
photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals4
the adverse effects of4
was a transient reservoir4
the conventional detection of4
of wastewater reclamation systems4
will be used to4
concentration from water samples4
survival of viruses in4
used to account for4
indoor vertical farms use4
of a swimming pool4
reduce viability of cryptosporidium4
as can be seen4
colloidal dispersion contained insoluble4
the total water productivity4
burden of disease study4
deodorization and disinfection activities4
and the united states4
the microbiological quality of4
fish and seafood industry4
enteroviruses from large volumes4
a positive correlation between4
because of the higher4
in diabetic db db4
than in sea water4
operation of wastewater reclamation4
saving water if the4
studies of bathing water4
salable part of plants4
rapid breakthrough of a4
the lack of a4
removal efficiency of the4
the application of the4
that provide hydroxyl ions4
escherichia coli in seawater4
the study showed that4
is important to consider4
norovirus and hepatitis a4
of schistosomiasis in the4
in the seven action4
world water development report4
the health of the4
of relative humidity and4
in the province of4
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potential sources of contamination4
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isolation and identification of4
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comparison of methods for4
efficient use of water4
the spike proteins of4
selecting an indicator organism4
soil and on vegetables4
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tested in this study3
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potential adverse effects on3
jurisdictional claims in published3
mclg is set at3
noncarcinogenic effects for up3
nature remains neutral with3
al lu ua at3
burning of fossil fuels3
european food safety authority3
this is not always3
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frequency of clothes washing3
are shed in extremely3
is the most widely3
that burden is attributable3
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is caused by several3
no conflicts of interest3
associated with swimming in3
was set to mg3
can be introduced into3
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caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus3
of the nanofibrous membrane3
mms to protect drinking3
of antibiotic resistance genes3
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detecting viruses in environmental3
in the australian wet3
mode of contamination of3
what will likely be3
animal viruses in coastal3
of oxidation vulnerable viruses3
the surface charge of3
whether or not the3
in order to evaluate3
emissions from energy consumption3
virus removal in a3
of ghana water company3
in the piracicaba river3
the case of cholera3
effect of rainfall on3
of dissolved organic matter3
large volumes of freshwater3
both organic and inorganic3
a piece of wood3
before the construction of3
in their ability to3
the size range of3
by interaction of ca3
skin was measured over3
the ph to an3
are clinically compatible with3
to fruits and vegetables3
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parameters such as temperature3
burs under water cooling3
be incorporated into the3
volume from different water3
also found that the3
inflammation from use of3
need to be addressed3
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samples were collected for3
parts of form g3
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it can also be3
the slope of the3
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water use behavior was3
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c t values obtained3
the use of different3
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water quality in a3
the isolation and complete3
the original water sample3
the gross domestic product3
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confirm the presence of3
was insoluble in water3
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of disease caused by3
hepatitis a virus was3
of enteroviruses from water3
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functional groups on the3
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poliovirus in soil and3