bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
transmissible gastroenteritis	1113
gastroenteritis virus	725
tgev infection	503
porcine epidemic	351
infected cells	335
epidemic diarrhea	308
diarrhea virus	265
st cells	260
epithelial cells	238
porcine respiratory	223
respiratory coronavirus	204
gastroenteritis coronavirus	203
cell culture	191
respiratory syndrome	179
amino acid	175
spike protein	172
hepatitis virus	170
immune responses	164
mouse hepatitis	152
cell cycle	151
virus infection	149
immune response	142
cell line	134
neutralizing antibodies	134
cell lines	128
viral rna	125
porcine transmissible	114
rna synthesis	108
small intestine	107
three times	107
structural proteins	106
leader rna	106
genomic rna	105
doc id	103
intestinal epithelial	103
infectious bronchitis	103
cells infected	103
cord uid	103
monoclonal antibodies	103
cell surface	100
clinical signs	99
time rt	99
porcine reproductive	97
results showed	96
bronchitis virus	95
infectious peritonitis	93
tgev replication	93
feline infectious	92
syndrome virus	90
room temperature	90
viral replication	88
expression levels	87
nucleocapsid protein	87
virus replication	87
amino acids	86
goat anti	86
di rna	84
viral infection	83
murine coronavirus	82
western blot	82
tgev strains	79
tissue culture	78
swine enteric	77
enteric tropism	75
tgev strain	74
antigenic sites	74
sialic acid	73
membrane protein	72
present study	71
time pcr	71
tgev prcv	70
type i	70
pcr assay	70
previously described	69
bovine serum	69
severe acute	68
strand rna	68
virus particles	68
well plates	68
newborn piglets	67
acute respiratory	67
signaling pathway	67
lactogenic immunity	67
cell membrane	66
western blotting	65
important role	65
reverse transcription	65
human coronavirus	64
enteric coronavirus	64
significantly higher	63
virus entry	62
tgev pl	62
mucosal immune	62
negative control	62
mrna species	61
dko pigs	61
sequence analysis	61
monoclonal antibody	61
total rna	61
open reading	60
host cell	60
protein expression	59
cycle arrest	59
tgev entry	59
performed using	58
neutralizing antibody	58
rabbit anti	58
respiratory tract	58
cell cultures	57
rna viruses	57
control group	57
cell lysates	57
glucose uptake	57
porcine deltacoronavirus	56
united states	56
previous studies	56
pfu ml	55
host cells	55
culture medium	55
immune system	54
bovine coronavirus	54
rna genome	54
epithelial cell	54
electron microscopy	54
differentially expressed	54
peritonitis virus	54
escherichia coli	54
serum samples	53
transgenic plants	53
mg ml	52
subgenomic mrnas	52
washed three	52
antibody titers	51
spedv virus	51
influenza virus	51
three independent	51
induced apoptosis	51
syndrome coronavirus	51
days post	51
virus strains	50
coronavirus spike	50
recombinant lactobacillus	49
described previously	49
gnotobiotic pigs	48
epidemic diarrhoea	48
leader sequence	48
gene expression	47
rna polymerase	47
intestinal contents	47
nucleotide sequence	46
viral proteins	46
vero cells	46
old piglets	46
like particles	46
enteric coronaviruses	46
per well	46
tgev genome	45
buffered saline	45
cellular receptor	45
closely related	45
terminal domain	45
disease virus	44
gp fr	44
innate immune	44
independent experiments	44
receptor binding	44
virus strain	44
cell entry	44
reading frame	44
il rap	43
growth factor	43
coronavirus infection	43
antibody binding	43
plasma membrane	43
maternal antibodies	42
specific antibodies	42
suckling piglets	42
viral genome	42
determine whether	41
antibody responses	41
economic losses	41
antibody response	41
porcine intestinal	41
genome sequence	41
pedv infection	41
lactic acid	41
tgev miller	41
cellular proteins	41
complete genome	41
flow cytometry	41
tgev group	41
tgev purdue	41
passive immunity	40
oral immunization	40
prcv strains	40
dendritic cells	40
cell fusion	40
porcine coronavirus	40
porcine aminopeptidase	40
infection induces	40
rna replication	40
viral protein	39
pcr products	39
paneth cells	39
infected piglets	39
structural protein	39
cell proliferation	39
results suggest	39
lysis buffer	39
acid bacteria	39
orf gene	38
binding activity	38
rabbit igg	38
virus binding	38
binding domain	38
modified live	38
spike glycoprotein	38
may also	38
duplex undp	38
results indicate	38
copies ml	38
mucosal immunity	38
antigenic relationship	37
coronavirus transmissible	37
target cells	37
cells treated	37
cells expressing	37
spike gene	37
high levels	37
type ii	37
wt pigs	37
fetal bovine	37
viral antigens	37
tgev infected	36
taken together	36
conjugated goat	36
protein expressed	36
significantly increased	36
cells transfected	36
virus titers	36
nucleoprotein gene	36
virulent tgev	36
lamina propria	36
villous enterocytes	36
time points	36
tgev spike	36
lgr iscs	36
infected st	36
tgev antigen	36
per cent	35
reverse genetics	35
rna recombination	35
stranded rna	35
positive cells	35
molecular biology	35
expression vector	35
fusion protein	35
blot analysis	35
encephalomyelitis virus	34
neonatal piglets	34
intestinal epithelium	34
signaling pathways	34
vaccine candidate	34
gold nanoparticles	34
diarrhoea virus	34
pdcov infection	34
tgev particles	34
infectious virus	34
thermo scientific	34
binding site	34
rna virus	33
vaccinated animals	33
villous atrophy	33
virus neutralization	33
blocking elisa	33
purdue strain	33
mortality rate	33
di rnas	33
coronavirus nucleocapsid	33
vaccinia virus	32
endoplasmic reticulum	32
lipid rafts	32
subgenomic mrna	32
small intestinal	32
tgev rna	32
cell apoptosis	32
results indicated	32
rapid detection	32
protein levels	32
gel electrophoresis	32
family coronaviridae	32
coronavirus genome	32
epidermal growth	32
virus isolation	31
rna sequence	31
fecal samples	31
cytopathic effect	31
multiplex real	31
two different	31
pregnant sows	31
binding sites	31
mrna transcription	31
primary antibodies	30
equine influenza	30
tcid ml	30
high mortality	30
significant difference	30
membrane fusion	30
mitochondrial damage	30
infectious cdna	30
nonstructural protein	30
viral genomic	30
secondary antibody	30
polyacrylamide gel	30
protective immunity	30
canine coronavirus	30
immunized animals	29
plaque assay	29
recombinant viruses	29
stem cells	29
infected group	29
acid binding	29
previous study	29
tgev gene	29
heterologous gene	29
porcine enteric	29
washed twice	29
medium containing	29
calf serum	29
mrna synthesis	28
virus genome	28
analyzed using	28
fixed cells	28
major antigenic	28
acid sequence	28
acid changes	28
virus attachment	28
secondary antibodies	28
protein gene	28
factor receptor	28
colon epithelial	28
hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis	28
infected pk	28
golgi complex	28
virus titer	28
st cell	27
cdna clone	27
tgev antibodies	27
sa protein	27
post infection	27
expression systems	27
nucleic acid	27
human rotavirus	27
protein genes	27
statistically significant	27
infectious clone	27
reading frames	27
coronavirus infectious	27
notch signaling	27
avian infectious	27
lactobacillus plantarum	27
watery diarrhea	27
significant differences	27
coronavirus replication	27
fluorescence microscopy	27
cell types	27
virulent pedv	27
porcine coronaviruses	27
iga antibodies	26
copy number	26
virus type	26
coronavirus tgev	26
cell viability	26
gfp bac	26
rna sequences	26
infected cell	26
magnetic beads	26
specific antibody	26
swine transmissible	26
induced cell	26
additional file	26
pedv strain	26
mouse igg	26
pedv replication	26
pcr method	26
linked immunosorbent	26
authors declare	26
neutralising antibody	26
standard deviation	26
severe diarrhea	26
mouse monoclonal	26
pedv strains	25
tgev rbd	25
rna transcription	25
cholesterol depletion	25
tissue tropism	25
three days	25
fetal calf	25
mrna expression	25
mouse anti	25
coronavirus infections	25
horseradish peroxidase	25
similar results	25
sodium dodecyl	25
protein synthesis	25
cdna clones	25
acid sequences	25
murine hepatitis	25
pigs inoculated	25
apn positive	25
suspect results	25
tgev nucleoprotein	25
neonatal pigs	25
primary enterocytes	25
kidney cells	25
porcine kidney	25
clinical symptoms	25
enteric disease	25
data indicate	25
i interferon	25
purified tgev	25
cells per	25
cd ssc	24
negative cells	24
helper virus	24
viral infections	24
ileum epithelial	24
enveloped viruses	24
oral vaccine	24
viral antigen	24
recombinant virus	24
herpes simplex	24
major receptor	24
swine testis	24
live virus	24
immunosorbent assay	24
veroe cells	24
mesenteric lymph	24
probiotic bacteria	24
respiratory disease	24
vesicular stomatitis	24
coronaviridae family	24
restriction sites	24
cd cells	24
antiviral activity	24
targeted recombination	24
envelope protein	24
infected ipec	24
significantly different	24
rotavirus infection	24
lab strains	24
coronavirus rna	24
newborn pigs	24
multiplex rt	23
tgev vaccine	23
trizol reagent	23
specific primers	23
restriction endonuclease	23
empty vector	23
different time	23
clinical disease	23
crystal structure	23
sense rna	23
significantly lower	23
oral administration	23
ingezim corona	23
luciferase reporter	23
lymph nodes	23
viral envelope	23
kda protein	23
retinoic acid	23
virulent strain	23
tgev invasion	23
lactobacillus casei	23
coronavirus mouse	23
serum albumin	23
inflammatory response	23
stomatitis virus	23
prcv strain	23
related porcine	23
sars coronavirus	23
anpep ko	22
apn negative	22
rna interference	22
recombinant plasmids	22
peplomer protein	22
recent studies	22
study showed	22
human cytomegalovirus	22
mediated endocytosis	22
interfering rna	22
fluorescent antibody	22
highly conserved	22
recombinant plasmid	22
genbank accession	22
highly contagious	22
antigenically related	22
porcine enterocytes	22
dodecyl sulfate	22
porcine rotavirus	22
secreting cells	22
phage display	22
phylogenetic analysis	22
indirect immunofluorescence	22
confocal microscopy	22
surface antigen	22
cells compared	22
santa cruz	22
attenuated tgev	21
passive protection	21
induced ifn	21
suckling pigs	21
two types	21
may play	21
igg antibody	21
cell responses	21
corona diferencial	21
lymphoid tissues	21
antigenic site	21
tgev neutralizing	21
molecular weight	21
gene sequences	21
gene encoding	21
strand rnas	21
detected using	21
coronavirus mhv	21
nasal swabs	21
length cdna	21
tge virus	21
rna extraction	21
infected pigs	21
enteric viruses	21
subgenomic negative	21
significantly reduced	21
cell monolayers	21
viral particles	21
cells using	21
previously reported	21
optical density	20
enteric pathogens	20
virus spike	20
enteropathogenic coronavirus	20
ko pigs	20
serially diluted	20
prcv isolates	20
pigs infected	20
pcr using	20
immunofluorescence staining	20
dependent rna	20
protein level	20
chain reaction	20
acute diarrhea	20
virus vaccine	20
lactobacillus vaccine	20
primary porcine	20
major structural	20
conjugated secondary	20
whole virus	20
recombinant protein	20
polymerase chain	20
mm tris	20
functional receptor	20
fipv type	20
culture adapted	20
surface projections	20
gene sequence	20
simplex virus	20
porcine iecs	20
swine testicle	20
prrsv infection	20
induces cell	20
mrna start	19
fluorescence microscope	19
expression plasmid	19
fold higher	19
integral membrane	19
host range	19
human immunodeficiency	19
heterologous genes	19
pcr amplification	19
whether tgev	19
experimentally infected	19
gp ep	19
iga antibody	19
van der	19
stably expressing	19
actin cytoskeleton	19
probably due	19
infected animals	19
experimental infection	19
viral titers	19
agarose gel	19
also observed	19
swine industry	19
infection induced	19
miller strain	19
seven days	19
af mab	19
virus rna	19
pig kidney	19
orally administered	19
mouth disease	19
coronavirus related	19
determined using	19
three groups	19
ng ml	19
cell death	19
health care	19
log reduction	19
green fluorescence	19
like receptor	19
treated cells	19
fc receptor	19
four major	19
pig farms	19
serum antibodies	19
discontinuous transcription	19
specific inhibitor	19
cultured cells	19
immunodeficiency virus	18
point mutations	18
clinical samples	18
survival rate	18
goblet cells	18
life cycle	18
calculated using	18
also found	18
like protease	18
table i	18
coronavirus gene	18
packaging signal	18
lymph node	18
viral membrane	18
dmem containing	18
faecal samples	18
serum sample	18
two groups	18
tgev orf	18
molecular basis	18
detection limit	18
porcine circovirus	18
pfcrn expression	18
incubation period	18
field strains	18
apoptosis via	18
carcinoembryonic antigen	18
two viruses	18
three major	18
serum igg	18
antiviral effect	18
protein kinase	18
gastrointestinal tract	18
mapk pathway	18
stat signaling	18
promoter activity	18
gp ecto	18
prcv tgev	18
located within	18
pcr analysis	18
recombinant vaccinia	18
host interactions	18
pbs containing	18
coronavirus ibv	18
important roles	18
dependent manner	18
terminal half	18
consensus sequence	18
papn ectodomain	17
apn expression	17
pfcrn gene	17
pedv virus	17
innate immunity	17
polyclonal antibody	17
subunit vaccines	17
recombinant tgev	17
elisa kit	17
virus assembly	17
diferencial elisa	17
virus production	17
positive control	17
enterococcus faecium	17
lg ml	17
protease inhibitor	17
fecal shedding	17
gp protein	17
swinepox virus	17
results suggested	17
inhibitory effect	17
transcription factor	17
feline coronavirus	17
specific binding	17
tgev serum	17
rabbit polyclonal	17
ms ms	17
orally immunized	17
cellular immunity	17
enteric viral	17
like agent	17
results obtained	17
serum antibody	17
uninfected cells	17
fecal suspension	17
pcr product	17
previous reports	17
plasmid dna	17
svanovir tgev	17
control cells	17
mammalian cells	17
live attenuated	17
transfected cells	17
homing receptors	17
rna helicase	17
based real	17
sentinel pigs	17
reverse primer	17
start site	17
results demonstrated	17
dna sequencing	17
weaned pigs	17
commercially available	17
high level	17
inactivated virus	17
polymerase gene	16
vero adapted	16
crispr cas	16
renilla luciferase	16
systemic immune	16
alveolar macrophages	16
attenuated strains	16
bound tgev	16
essential medium	16
terminal region	16
different concentrations	16
protein interactions	16
induced mitochondrial	16
two amino	16
three commercial	16
intestinal cells	16
cycle progression	16
mrna levels	16
forward primer	16
culture supernatants	16
secondary structure	16
data suggest	16
sialic acids	16
strain purdue	16
genomic sequences	16
weaned piglets	16
reverse transcriptase	16
partial protection	16
protein induces	16
internal entry	16
porcine apn	16
live vaccine	16
virion assembly	16
mm nacl	16
viral challenge	16
protein may	16
infected bhk	16
defective interfering	16
avian coronaviruses	16
co incubator	16
statistical analysis	16
cell growth	16
causative agent	16
results show	16
indirect fluorescent	16
even though	16
cellular receptors	16
tyrosine kinase	16
yeast cells	16
well plate	16
high specificity	16
widely used	16
transferrin receptor	16
inoculated pigs	16
electron microscope	16
intestinal stem	16
foreign genes	16
canine parvovirus	16
tgev virions	16
tgev challenge	16
largest rna	16
cell signaling	16
entry receptor	16
human coronaviruses	16
signal peptide	16
expressed lncrnas	16
monoclonal anti	16
associated lymphoid	16
like cells	16
variant tgev	16
measured using	16
expression level	16
swine herds	16
life technologies	16
naturally occurring	15
polyclonal antibodies	15
antibody levels	15
accession number	15
oral corn	15
positive samples	15
buffer containing	15
simultaneous detection	15
live vaccines	15
protein assay	15
neutralizing epitopes	15
culture supernatant	15
proteomic analysis	15
expressed proteins	15
animals immunized	15
total protein	15
analysis using	15
expression system	15
indirect elisa	15
based vaccine	15
gene editing	15
wild type	15
science foundation	15
systemic immunity	15
isothermal amplification	15
coronavirus mrnas	15
virulent rv	15
ml penicillin	15
viral shedding	15
specific mabs	15
infected jejunum	15
pg ml	15
enteric covs	15
humoral immune	15
based vectors	15
via targeting	15
using monoclonal	15
play important	15
knockout pigs	15
us pedv	15
virus infectivity	15
murine coronaviruses	15
gnotobiotic pig	15
kindly provided	15
diagnostic sensitivity	15
transmission electron	15
weeks old	15
phosphate buffered	15
mortality rates	15
antigenic structure	15
cd cd	15
virus envelope	15
recombinant ad	15
molecular characterization	15
nuclear translocation	15
leaky scanning	15
luciferase activity	15
expression vectors	15
igg antibodies	15
mm edta	15
group coronaviruses	15
surface glycoprotein	15
analysis showed	15
elisa kits	15
expressing tgev	15
class i	15
virus vaccines	15
ab elisa	15
border membrane	15
pedv cv	15
cells stably	15
genetically engineered	15
parental viruses	15
responses induced	14
dmem supplemented	14
egfr receptor	14
considered significant	14
calf diarrhea	14
pk cells	14
molecular cloning	14
tgev vaccines	14
glucose absorption	14
bca protein	14
cells via	14
wnt agonist	14
derived vectors	14
adapted strain	14
treatment groups	14
mediated isothermal	14
ra plus	14
negative controls	14
infected swine	14
different coronaviruses	14
distilled water	14
oral vaccines	14
induces apoptosis	14
analytical specificity	14
cells showed	14
natural science	14
critical epitopes	14
mhv di	14
transcription factors	14
enteric tract	14
saturable binding	14
middle east	14
days cultivation	14
transferred onto	14
early stage	14
also showed	14
intestinal tissue	14
maintenance medium	14
acid residues	14
least three	14
virus neutralizing	14
porcine small	14
two strains	14
targeting shrna	14
strand cdna	14
nucleocapsid gene	14
piglets infected	14
mammary gland	14
antigenic determinants	14
protective efficacy	14
fold change	14
competition assay	14
vaccinated gilts	14
replicase gene	14
recent years	14
swinecheck tgev	14
gene products	14
papn cells	14
virus particle	14
source data	14
see ref	14
inactivated vaccines	14
immunized piglets	14
antigenic relationships	14
tlr expression	14
vectors expressing	14
target gene	14
active immunity	14
east respiratory	14
virus recovery	14
ts recombinants	14
contact time	14
protective immune	14
cv vero	14
viral determinants	14
cov infection	13
expressing pgpu	13
blocking elisas	13
i i	13
studies showed	13
virulent virus	13
subcellular localization	13
treatment group	13
casei shirota	13
low ph	13
considered statistically	13
prcv rbd	13
oral delivery	13
virus shedding	13
differential diagnosis	13
monkey kidney	13
susceptible cells	13
hx strain	13
oral route	13
protein bands	13
nitric oxide	13
dna fragment	13
attenuated virus	13
attenuated vaccine	13
indicated time	13
virus expressing	13
time quantitative	13
gfp nc	13
virus infections	13
via activation	13
north america	13
nucleocapsid proteins	13
veterinary medicine	13
brush border	13
fever virus	13
orf protein	13
antiviral effects	13
animal health	13
field isolates	13
intestinal mucosa	13
inoculated piglets	13
gibco brl	13
pbs group	13
inhibited tgev	13
plasmid ppg	13
virology doi	13
based vaccines	13
four structural	13
gene deletion	13
ml streptomycin	13
avian coronavirus	13
diarrhea coronavirus	13
egfr internalization	13
ii strain	13
tgev cdna	13
different cell	13
significantly enhanced	13
days postinoculation	13
casei vaccine	13
intestinal tract	13
mucosal surfaces	13
pig model	13
molecular mass	13
swine fever	13
prcv recombinant	13
swine testicular	13
cultured enterocytes	13
vaccine development	13
significantly inhibited	13
targeting shrnas	13
technical assistance	13
mice orally	13
new coronavirus	13
enteric infections	13
viral diarrhea	13
start codon	13
helicase ddx	13
natural host	13
canine coronaviruses	13
large white	13
group recombinants	13
virus may	13
neutralizing activity	13
recombinant swinepox	13
also detected	13
inhibitory activity	13
receptor recognition	13
cellular immune	13
plus tgev	13
type virus	13
start sites	13
among coronaviruses	13
leader sequences	12
conventional rt	12
error bars	12
pcr rt	12
terminal signal	12
farm animals	12
sequence data	12
quantitative pcr	12
extraction kit	12
prrsv gp	12
activated protein	12
fold lower	12
antibody detection	12
respiratory tropism	12
mhv strains	12
transiently transfected	12
specific receptors	12
immunized mice	12
per group	12
kidney cell	12
different virus	12
primed transcription	12
takes place	12
porcine parvovirus	12
pig industry	12
using anti	12
small membrane	12
weight loss	12
plasmids expressing	12
tgev inactivated	12
coronavirus defective	12
attenuated rv	12
ssc low	12
like particle	12
situ hybridization	12
avian influenza	12
using lipofectamine	12
two orfs	12
four groups	12
indicated times	12
tgev may	12
rna species	12
protein domains	12
tritrichomonas foetus	12
nonstructural proteins	12
culture plates	12
ribosomal entry	12
inactivated vaccine	12
piglets born	12
antiviral response	12
high titers	12
cytopathic effects	12
tgev genes	12
primary antibody	12
specific igg	12
labeled antibodies	12
lymphoid tissue	12
using real	12
subunit vaccine	12
post inoculation	12
intestinal homeostasis	12
result showed	12
antigenic cross	12
virus taxonomy	12
using trizol	12
capsid protein	12
viral entry	12
recombinase polymerase	12
competing interests	12
order nidovirales	12
permissive sites	12
elisa method	12
inactivated tgev	12
state university	12
also tested	12
results also	12
cells released	12
tgev proteins	12
per ml	12
tgev mrna	12
mice immunized	12
virus virulence	12
alpha interferon	12
molecular mechanisms	12
mock infected	12
protein encoded	12
polymerase amplification	12
mixed infection	12
control groups	12
co atmosphere	12
receptor tyrosine	12
egfp expression	12
real time	12
scale bar	12
directed mutagenesis	12
specific monoclonal	12
bacterial artificial	12
standard curves	12
actin filaments	12
samples collected	12
rna copies	12
per reaction	12
challenge virus	12
cleavage site	12
qpcr assay	12
entry process	12
intestinal iga	12
four times	12
pcr assays	12
elisa plates	12
tgev pedv	12
crypt cells	12
regulatory factor	12
gene source	12
dna polymerase	12
intestinal villi	12
viral nucleocapsid	12
first described	12
national natural	12
deletion mutant	12
pig herds	12
international committee	12
recombinant proteins	12
presenting cells	11
see section	11
serial dilutions	11
igg fitc	11
south korea	11
mediated signaling	11
th cells	11
gst pulldown	11
pedv orf	11
primers used	11
recombinant dna	11
hydrophobic protein	11
membrane glycoprotein	11
randomly divided	11
structural components	11
coronavirus isolates	11
contains two	11
viral enteritis	11
visualized using	11
cell type	11
high homology	11
animal experiments	11
secretory pathway	11
culture media	11
assay kit	11
recombinant elisa	11
cell tropism	11
three different	11
pathological changes	11
shaanxi strain	11
time reverse	11
results provide	11
sybr green	11
transmembrane glycoprotein	11
different groups	11
tgev infections	11
conventional pcr	11
matrix protein	11
attachment ability	11
obtained using	11
infection causes	11
five times	11
protein interaction	11
initiation factor	11
prcv isolate	11
upper respiratory	11
evolutionary relationship	11
enveloped virus	11
taqman probe	11
ribosomal frameshifting	11
total number	11
mitochondrial ca	11
positive results	11
may explain	11
inducing factor	11
probiotic strains	11
porcine cell	11
cofilin activity	11
porcine hemagglutinating	11
reduction factor	11
lg well	11
immune complexes	11
human cells	11
rna molecules	11
elisa using	11
interferon production	11
commonly used	11
transmembrane domain	11
culture fluid	11
like receptors	11
dna vaccine	11
initiation codon	11
luciferase assay	11
target genes	11
complementation groups	11
glucose transport	11
homology among	11
accession numbers	11
viral infectivity	11
enteric virus	11
feline enteric	11
performed according	11
rhamnosus gg	11
parental virus	11
digestive tract	11
mtt assay	11
cytokine responses	11
encoded proteins	11
genomic sequence	11
virus detection	11
known porcine	11
active site	11
cell supernatants	11
ssc high	11
field isolate	11
neonatal calf	11
confluent monolayers	11
protective effect	11
gal promoter	11
inhibits tgev	11
antigen alone	11
labeled tgev	11
molecular epidemiology	11
using tgev	11
replication cycle	11
thermo fisher	11
lentiviral particles	11
green fluorescent	11
cv fecal	11
mock control	11
serial passages	11
node cells	11
group showed	11
antigen expression	11
forming units	11
muench method	11
new insights	11
high morbidity	11
fusion sites	11
peplomer glycoprotein	11
statistical significance	11
receptor interaction	11
nervous system	11
potential role	11
cfu ml	11
protein fragments	11
treated viruses	11
ig sequences	11
investigated whether	11
oral tgev	11
od values	11
significantly decreased	11
days old	11
sample buffer	11
quantitative proteomic	11
detect tgev	11
egfp empty	11
southern china	10
wt group	10
tgev detection	10
tgev positive	10
potato tubers	10
secretory iga	10
evaluated using	10
dependent pathway	10
study group	10
binding specificity	10
containing fetal	10
virulent us	10
viral spike	10
recently reported	10
leukemia virus	10
sequence identity	10
virus vector	10
orf encodes	10
rbd tip	10
sucking piglets	10
unique restriction	10
results demonstrate	10
significantly increase	10
old pigs	10
specific mab	10
genome expression	10
viruses may	10
breeding farms	10
protein concentrations	10
virus vectors	10
mock group	10
mosaic virus	10
protein using	10
signal transduction	10
delivery systems	10
bars represent	10
ig site	10
accessory proteins	10
enters cells	10
protein result	10
highly virulent	10
administered orally	10
viral structural	10
rabies virus	10
among different	10
online version	10
cellular factors	10
sized rna	10
prcv infection	10
post transfection	10
rtgev viruses	10
binding proteins	10
viral disease	10
detection methods	10
spleen cells	10
nc sirna	10
extracted using	10
diagnostic specificity	10
growth kinetics	10
nucleic acids	10
detection system	10
subviral particles	10
genetic evolution	10
relationships among	10
investigate whether	10
vaccine group	10
feeder pigs	10
prrsv antigens	10
ccid ml	10
papn knockout	10
using two	10
feline coronaviruses	10
viral genes	10
recombination frequency	10
weaning mortality	10
primer sequences	10
pedv rna	10
binding region	10
neutralizing mabs	10
encoded nsp	10
quantitative rt	10
fluorescent protein	10
critical role	10
crystal structures	10
prime boost	10
different tgev	10
spike proteins	10
attachment sites	10
coronavirus membrane	10
adaptive immune	10
local immune	10
receptor determinants	10
pig farm	10
mouse model	10
data indicated	10
laboratory animals	10
goat serum	10
yeast two	10
large amounts	10
previous research	10
different species	10
natural infection	10
genetic markers	10
dii promoter	10
control gilts	10
large rna	10
coronavirus receptor	10
intestinal enterocytes	10
fipv strain	10
swine coronaviruses	10
genome encodes	10
antigen sites	10
swine herd	10
vaccinated sows	10
orally inoculated	10
circovirus type	10
stably expressed	10
purdue virus	10
sequence homology	10
tgev antigens	10
primary structure	10
endonuclease sites	10
mhv receptor	10
plaque assays	10
duplex mmps	10
culture system	10
mabs specific	10
highly pathogenic	10
swab fluids	10
single mmps	10
artificial chromosome	10
host innate	10
selective marker	10
data shown	10
recombinant strains	10
three recombinant	10
length genome	10
binding sequences	10
cellular processes	10
six times	10
veterinary microbiology	10
sars virus	10
dengue virus	10
classical swine	10
standard deviations	10
macrophage cell	10
protective lactogenic	10
surface receptors	10
culture infective	10
blood samples	10
infection may	10
cholera toxin	10
chimeric virus	10
coronavirus genes	10
aif translocation	10
tgev protein	10
antibody titer	10
genital tract	10
five piglets	10
subgenomic rna	10
recombination demonstrates	10
porcine ileum	10
whether mir	10
coronavirus transcription	10
viruses containing	10
foreign gene	10
plants expressing	10
additional receptor	10
synchronized cells	10
key role	10
strain miller	10
milk antibodies	10
copies per	10
deduced amino	10
coronavirus cell	10
infect cells	10
first time	10
pfcrn promoter	10
reverse transcribed	10
coronavirus leader	10
egfr expression	10
rtgev vectors	10
different types	10
tgev binding	10
tgev tmk	10
assay system	10
length glycoprotein	10
nuclear factor	10
tgev antibody	10
cellular mirnas	10
cdna synthesis	10
viral pathogenesis	10
findings suggest	10
hp attenuated	10
dendritic cell	10
small interfering	10
com scientificreports	10
pig igg	10
rv vaccines	9
virion proteins	9
propidium iodide	9
encephalitis virus	9
infective dose	9
antibody titres	9
might play	9
internal ribosomal	9
dna plasmids	9
antibody staining	9
labelled virus	9
rna dna	9
significant increase	9
virus tgev	9
infectious diseases	9
negative strand	9
soluble protein	9
green monkey	9
tissue sections	9
mab specific	9
mapk signaling	9
unpublished results	9
mad clone	9
restriction fragment	9
serum neutralization	9
intestinal glucose	9
prcv antibodies	9
attenuated strain	9
well culture	9
reproductive tract	9
pcr system	9
plantarum pca	9
blot assay	9
agarose beads	9
severe dehydration	9
transfection reagent	9
regulating sequences	9
virus budding	9
single amino	9
splenic lymphocytes	9
pcr detection	9
hyperimmune sera	9
culture collection	9
stress fibers	9
vero cell	9
conventional duplex	9
residues involved	9
expressing cells	9
cdna fragments	9
vaccine production	9
virus antigen	9
essential role	9
antigenic homology	9
viral rnas	9
labeled goat	9
virus cluster	9
akt pathway	9
codon usage	9
worth noting	9
simple method	9
sequence alignment	9
study provides	9
strain isolated	9
protein binding	9
whether ra	9
vaccine strains	9
cells grown	9
infectious disease	9
cell division	9
post seeding	9
tfr expression	9
based tgev	9
viral components	9
low level	9
attenuated vaccines	9
novel swine	9
cell migration	9
virus date	9
cells ml	9
moi tgev	9
cell adhesion	9
complete sequence	9
central nervous	9
free water	9
two weeks	9
spleen lymphocytes	9
containing rna	9
dna fragments	9
economic impact	9
protein interacts	9
nested rt	9
using specific	9
mimics control	9
fluorescein isothiocyanate	9
blotting using	9
terminal residues	9
animals showed	9
duplex pcr	9
selective pressure	9
untranslated region	9
different times	9
sirna targeting	9
dose dependent	9
specific iga	9
genomic dna	9
pathogenic coronavirus	9
terminal amino	9
egg yolk	9
recombinant lactic	9
group i	9
tgev infects	9
rna packaging	9
different strains	9
phosphorylated stat	9
large deletion	9
van nieuwstadt	9
small intestines	9
transcription start	9
high sensitivity	9
coronavirus nonstructural	9
strain pur	9
srcr domain	9
attenuated live	9
endogenous tfr	9
samhi fragment	9
genetic characterization	9
mediated elisa	9
double immunofluorescence	9
data demonstrate	9
tgev infectivity	9
corn vaccine	9
coli heat	9
infection caused	9
airborne virus	9
expressed using	9
decreased tgev	9
way analysis	9
viral glycoprotein	9
reduction factors	9
primers targeting	9
homing receptor	9
host antiviral	9
day post	9
porcine insulin	9
laser scanning	9
cells expressed	9
lymphoid cells	9
rotavirus strains	9
one day	9
targeted rna	9
minimum essential	9
immunized group	9
virus nucleocapsid	9
original us	9
expressing prrsv	9
mitochondrial function	9
apoptosis induced	9
antigens expressed	9
host immune	9
cell receptors	9
sequence requirement	9
virus suspension	9
fisher scientific	9
bf sha	9
reactive oxygen	9
significant changes	9
humoral response	9
low levels	9
assay reagent	9
coronavirus pur	9
human health	9
complete genomic	9
major cause	9
inoculated onto	9
porcine delta	9
serological tests	9
large number	9
tfr ab	9
normal cells	9
stable expression	9
final concentration	9
coronavirus assembly	9
virus yield	9
virulent strains	9
acetylneuraminic acid	9
pl pro	9
homologous recombination	9
infectious pedv	9
tgev seronegative	9
enhanced chemiluminescence	9
oxygen species	9
animal welfare	9
whole cell	9
vaccine efficacy	9
type iii	9
two days	9
cells fixed	9
weight gain	9
inhibit tgev	9
domestic animals	9
selected characteristics	9
immunofluorescence assay	9
high cells	9
animal care	9
enteric alphacoronavirus	9
apn receptor	9
coated pits	9
neonatal fc	9
membrane microdomains	9
following oral	9
mucosal adjuvants	9
standard procedures	9
antigenic domains	9
applied biosystems	9
treated tgev	9
prok i	9
viral titer	9
protein sequences	9
molecular features	9
inhibitory effects	9
containing mm	9
tgev causes	9
neutralization index	9
induced activation	9
common mucosal	9
mucosal vaccines	9
surface protein	9
low cells	9
protein concentration	9
cell lysate	9
animal coronaviruses	9
interspecies transmission	9
mass spectrometry	9
bone marrow	9
experiments using	9
quantitative real	9
prcv blocking	9
containing fbs	9
template rna	9
current study	9
mek erk	9
sequence comparison	9
virulent british	9
length infectious	9
pfu cell	9
unclassified mabs	9
uranyl acetate	9
neutralization titers	9
parental rtgev	9
fold dilutions	9
mhv strain	9
rpa assay	9
higher levels	9
two porcine	9
fitc labeled	8
similar observations	8
acid substitutions	8
table ii	8
jurisdictional claims	8
studies using	8
oral inoculation	8
binding domains	8
five days	8
intestinal segments	8
cytopathogenic virus	8
maize seed	8
like proteinase	8
anpep wt	8
small envelope	8
salmonella typhimurium	8
based duplex	8
coronaviruses date	8
phase arrest	8
newcastle disease	8
constructed using	8
two doses	8
sucrose gradient	8
unpublished data	8
viral life	8
tb wcl	8
binding assay	8
intracellular transport	8
radiolabelled virus	8
variant strains	8
glycosylation sites	8
per animal	8
may affect	8
solution containing	8
firefly luciferase	8
vaccine candidates	8
dry milk	8
shrnas targeting	8
reduced tgev	8
morphological changes	8
expressed mirnas	8
domain complexed	8
hamster kidney	8
related cov	8
significant economic	8
cov replication	8
fecal suspensions	8
long noncoding	8
protein complex	8
neutralizing epitope	8
described elsewhere	8
protein sequence	8
conformational changes	8
ii cd	8
coronavirus oc	8
industry worldwide	8
neonatal gnotobiotic	8
lentiviruses pseudotyped	8
ch gd	8
gene cassette	8
plaque formation	8
rectal swab	8
dna viruses	8
labile enterotoxin	8
supplementary file	8
virus genes	8
type culture	8
electron microscopic	8
studies demonstrated	8
smooth muscle	8
induce mucosal	8
restriction enzyme	8
naturally infected	8
proteins involved	8
analysis revealed	8
first inoculation	8
jnk phosphorylation	8
lung tissue	8
complete protection	8
mink sera	8
two cell	8
signaling technology	8
nasal shedding	8
infectious dose	8
cell extracts	8
including tgev	8
total soluble	8
lung damage	8
apoptotic rate	8
animal species	8
pedv entry	8
first step	8
particle associated	8
minimal essential	8
serologic cross	8
higher infection	8
act meth	8
purified using	8
od value	8
genetic analysis	8
surface expression	8
antigens induced	8
reduced clinical	8
virol doi	8
remains neutral	8
irrelevant sirna	8
knockdown cells	8
severe clinical	8
nuclear transfer	8
rpd cells	8
african green	8
genus deltacoronavirus	8
promotes transmissible	8
low cell	8
structural domains	8
attenuated salmonella	8
interfering rnas	8
springer nature	8
endocytic pathway	8
faecium ncimb	8
infected control	8
within orf	8
large surface	8
cellular vimentin	8
cov rt	8
rna genomes	8
tgev genomic	8
lymphocyte proliferation	8
new virus	8
alkaline phosphatase	8
vivo virus	8
may result	8
three weeks	8
coronavirus induces	8
high glucose	8
binding edge	8
antibodies induced	8
two tgev	8
antibody production	8
polyvinylidene difluoride	8
young pigs	8
high frequency	8
ml trypsin	8
mdbk cells	8
variant porcine	8
nidovirales order	8
mononuclear cells	8
prcv differential	8
conditioned medium	8
received ml	8
challenged animals	8
expression data	8
dko group	8
secondary structures	8
serologically related	8
economically important	8
five isolates	8
pgk promoter	8
virus expression	8
creative commons	8
ns proteins	8
associated protein	8
tmk strain	8
converting enzyme	8
apoptotic pathway	8
wt pams	8
recombinants ad	8
persistent infection	8
der zeijst	8
experimental pigs	8
crucial role	8
leader rnas	8
well tissue	8
equal volume	8
sg mutant	8
targeting rb	8
ucuaa repeats	8
loop structure	8
underlying mechanism	8
also known	8
weeks later	8
ribosomal frame	8
day old	8
premix ex	8
available data	8
glycolylneuraminic acid	8
field samples	8
cells transformed	8
higher expression	8
speed centrifugation	8
hours post	8
confocal laser	8
reduction assay	8
although tgev	8
aa residues	8
orf mabs	8
human aminopeptidase	8
tcid animal	8
coding sequence	8
following incubation	8
cell nuclei	8
antibodies containing	8
consensus sequences	8
mediated immune	8
pcr methods	8
recombinants expressing	8
infectious tgev	8
intestinal mucosal	8
might also	8
promotes tgev	8
fatal diarrhea	8
commercial blocking	8
compatible ends	8
recent study	8
rotavirus vp	8
sequence requirements	8
functional analysis	8
clinical specimens	8
genes encoding	8
immunoglobulin classes	8
protein binds	8
prcv seropositive	8
stably transformed	8
lactobacillus acidophilus	8
nucleotide sequences	8
sglt expression	8
supplementary material	8
sp antigen	8
genetic stability	8
competition elisa	8
competitive binding	8
better understanding	8
fecal swabs	8
norwalk virus	8
arch virol	8
ig sites	8
host proteins	8
zinc ion	8
test whether	8
second receptor	8
infection group	8
tgev induced	8
three piglets	8
positive serum	8
new england	8
reporter plasmids	8
neutralization determinants	8
gene product	8
virus isolates	8
many viruses	8
copy numbers	8
tropism determinant	8
using serum	8
causes severe	8
several studies	8
fixative preparation	8
antibody test	8
infection resulted	8
iga levels	8
also demonstrated	8
i virus	8
institutional affiliations	8
guinea pigs	8
papn protein	8
tgev grna	8
commercial tgev	8
functional domains	8
nitrocellulose membranes	8
effective vaccines	8
microbiol doi	8
cd knockout	8
per cell	8
strain cv	8
nucleotide differences	8
blank control	8
using purified	8
without fbs	8
control pigs	8
gene silencing	8
indicated primary	8
xhoi site	8
expression via	8
pigs porcine	8
extracellular region	8
scanning electron	8
culture infectious	8
incubated overnight	8
luciferase activities	8
virion envelope	8
influenza vaccine	8
pig production	8
rna extracted	8
four hours	8
previous work	8
polyacrylamide gels	8
virus common	8
animals infected	8
field conditions	8
vaccinated pigs	8
two piglets	8
newborn piglet	8
oral lactobacillus	8
virus capsid	8
structural polypeptides	8
uv light	8
deficient virus	8
tgev structural	8
published maps	8
human intestinal	8
intestinal crypt	8
fluorescent probe	8
old piglet	8
nature remains	8
five tgev	8
multiplex pcr	8
transmembrane protein	8
tgev polyclonal	8
available vaccines	8
enteric diseases	8
european countries	8
humoral immunity	7
samples using	7
older pigs	7
virus challenge	7
tract infections	7
stained cells	7
substrate solution	7
infected tissue	7
elisa test	7
differential detection	7
immunoelectron microscopy	7
iscs fate	7
coronavirus attachment	7
oronasally inoculated	7
one piglet	7
putative second	7
insect cells	7
altered mirnas	7
two distinct	7
ha antibody	7
porcine viruses	7
control serum	7
hybrid system	7
lncrna tcons	7
proteolytic processing	7
mhv infection	7
inflammatory responses	7
spei site	7
alphacoronavirus genus	7
european prcv	7
conjugated anti	7
relative gene	7
pregnant gilts	7
coronavirus species	7
two times	7
syncytium formation	7
microplate reader	7
nuclear extracts	7
specific siga	7
antiviral innate	7
infectious bursal	7
strain wh	7
another study	7
bovine rotavirus	7
size reduction	7
based elisa	7
rotavirus diarrhea	7
stop codon	7
miller strains	7
vectors based	7
kappab activation	7
specific probes	7
lactobacillus rhamnosus	7
bat coronaviruses	7
results support	7
epitopes recognized	7
spleen tissue	7
mhv rna	7
may represent	7
antibodies specific	7
specific neutralizing	7
virion rna	7
structural bases	7
genus alphacoronavirus	7
mm dtt	7
neutralising antibodies	7
unlike tgev	7
gene fragments	7
using recombinant	7
fusion activity	7
transcription loop	7
virus titration	7
units ml	7
baby pigs	7
mrna fusion	7
intestinal columnar	7
based multiplex	7
specific pathogen	7
value obtained	7
tgev coronavirus	7
mean values	7
based oral	7
medium supplemented	7
cells increased	7
swine population	7
coronavirus differs	7
adhesion molecule	7
may interact	7
phylogenetic tree	7
strain grown	7
frame shift	7
decreased significantly	7
following infection	7
enteric diarrhea	7
also evaluated	7
polyclonal anti	7
experimental data	7
conserved regions	7
using mabs	7
display library	7
orf sequence	7
expression plasmids	7
diseased pigs	7
minute contact	7
culture immunofluorescence	7
dna sequence	7
rna levels	7
ros release	7
plaque forming	7
tgev epitopes	7
two virus	7
turkey coronavirus	7
bacillus subtilis	7
cycle threshold	7
serological evidence	7
using either	7
alexa fluor	7
nsp protein	7
protein connect	7
polypeptide structure	7
repeated three	7
fold differences	7
viral invasion	7
tgev recombinants	7
microscopic lesions	7
ng per	7
sendai virus	7
british isolate	7
tagged pedv	7
red fluorescence	7
vaccination strategies	7
tgev virus	7
four genera	7
induces protective	7
pcr primers	7
barrier function	7
coronavirus jhm	7
response elicited	7
chemically synthesized	7
higher neutralizing	7
intestinal tissues	7
uninoculated sows	7
direct evidence	7
systematic assembly	7
confluent st	7
expression profiles	7
results revealed	7
mucosal tissues	7
tge viral	7
high mannose	7
virus transmissible	7
experimental conditions	7
infection activates	7
kbp samhi	7
vaccine antigens	7
binding residues	7
res doi	7
neutralization assay	7
reference strains	7
neonatal mortality	7
ig sequence	7
related viruses	7
host aminopeptidase	7
seronegative sows	7
gnotobiotic piglets	7
nebulizer suspension	7
contagious enteric	7
i ifn	7
molecular interactions	7
thermofisher scientific	7
infected tgev	7
master mix	7
complex binding	7
sulfate polyacrylamide	7
protein band	7
since tgev	7
six days	7
supplemental information	7
respiratory variant	7
us strains	7
sterile pbs	7
mutational analysis	7
late stage	7
body weights	7
gst pull	7
mediated pathways	7
surface receptor	7
catalytic triad	7
saccharomyces cerevisiae	7
vaccine delivery	7
virus structural	7
amersham international	7
data showed	7
acid identity	7
enterocyte fractions	7
target sizes	7
particles produced	7
recombinant porcine	7
based methods	7
monitored daily	7
tgev enteric	7
immunofluorescence assays	7
immune cells	7
th responses	7
wasting disease	7
experimental groups	7
ns protein	7
severe economic	7
infection efficiency	7
reaction system	7
test sample	7
damage via	7
protein translation	7
tyrosine kinases	7
entry mediated	7
inhibitor cocktail	7
cruz biotechnology	7
tgev replicates	7
target cell	7
th cell	7
separated proteins	7
viral load	7
genome rna	7
domain iv	7
cell fixation	7
days later	7
inductive site	7
local immunity	7
clinical cases	7
capped transcripts	7
england biolabs	7
lactobacillus strain	7
cell suspensions	7
baby hamster	7
cytokine expression	7
vp protein	7
golgi stack	7
stem cell	7
virus causes	7
using western	7
recombinant antigen	7
porcine alveolar	7
loading buffer	7
luciferase report	7
growth curve	7
mediated immunity	7
transcription recombinase	7
adult pigs	7
fcrn expression	7
cycle profiles	7
coronaviruses related	7
fusion proteins	7
free leader	7
tgev seropositive	7
protease activity	7
growth factors	7
us porcine	7
reporter gene	7
recombinant baculovirus	7
mab binding	7
outer membrane	7
virus isolated	7
binding assays	7
plant extracts	7
live tgev	7
strain jhm	7
virus enters	7
laser confocal	7
oral fluid	7
tgev co	7
proteolytic cleavage	7
influenza viruses	7
coronavirus subgenomic	7
diarrheal disease	7
corona virus	7
syncytia formation	7
gene using	7
many cell	7
litter survival	7
tgev infectious	7
nursing piglets	7
three structural	7
tgev concentrations	7
reproductive failure	7
aerosolization efficiency	7
cas system	7
veterinary diagnostic	7
correlated positively	7
plasmid containing	7
coronavirus mrna	7
young piglets	7
pig serum	7
sows inoculated	7
rna transcripts	7
early studies	7
attenuated rtgev	7
flanking sequences	7
way anova	7
antibody technique	7
genomic mrnas	7
signal transducer	7
cells without	7
iscs self	7
protein might	7
mesenchymal cells	7
reticulum stress	7
expressed tgev	7
antibodies directed	7
independent manner	7
every days	7
correct orientation	7
primary ileum	7
conformational change	7
cultured without	7
new porcine	7
promote tgev	7
subsequently infected	7
plaque reduction	7
virus growth	7
dewen title	7
infection control	7
pvdf membrane	7
experimentally inoculated	7
mucosal iga	7
plaque purified	7
ex taq	7
respiratory diseases	7
cellular entry	7
jhm strain	7
wide range	7
leader complex	7
also obtained	7
showed similar	7
interferon regulatory	7
competent cells	7
bursal disease	7
sybr premix	7
inoculated sows	7
genetics system	7
pig mortality	7
subgenomic rnas	7
coated onto	7
time point	7
human adenovirus	7
second orf	7
point mutation	7
group remained	7
commercial elisas	7
many years	7
various tgev	7
translation initiation	7
evidence suggests	7
stranded dna	7
phosphorylation level	7
relative expression	7
agricultural university	7
probe dylight	7
columnar epithelial	7
tgev alone	7
downstream signaling	7
egfr synergistically	7
stool samples	7
acting signals	7
envelope glycoproteins	7
rv inoculated	7
confer protection	7
kinase activity	7
may help	7
novel lncrnas	7
veterinary vaccines	7
rbd residues	7
mouse brain	7
also inhibited	7
amplification assay	7
minor structural	7
coronavirus genomes	7
farm animal	7
conjugated mouse	7
muscle actin	7
previous report	7
cause diarrhea	7
sindbis virus	7
cell monolayer	7
different stages	7
tgev tropism	7
clear whether	7
skim milk	7
length spike	7
intramuscular injection	7
respiratory infection	7
estimating fifty	7
may contribute	7
virus glycoprotein	7
cells loss	7
ma cells	7
airborne viruses	7
cdca expression	7
cell debris	7
neutralize tgev	7
partially purified	7
laboratory manual	7
largely unknown	7
american type	7
cells cultured	7
relatively high	7
samples containing	7
large quantities	6
gene stability	6
coronavirus neutralization	6
experimental animals	6
engineered virus	6
infectious bacterial	6
antigenic variation	6
data show	6
heilongjiang province	6
receptor regulates	6
equal amounts	6
following virus	6
determinants essential	6
kdel receptor	6
murine leukemia	6
known coronaviruses	6
prcv detection	6
cd cell	6
orf ab	6
major histocompatibility	6
endocytosis pathway	6
pathogens causing	6
diagnostic laboratory	6
neutralization test	6
side chains	6
times higher	6