This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| cord-023830-w218ogsk | Nucleic acid approaches for detection and identification of biological warfare and infectious disease agents Detection of respiratory viruses and subtype identification of influenza A viruses by GreeneChipResp oligonucleotide microarray Panmicrobial oligonucleotide array for diagnosis of infectious diseases Microarray technology: the future of blood testing? |
| cord-004914-cnz61qjy | The global mammal parasite database: an online resource for infectious disease records in wild primates Latitudinal gradients of parasite species richness in primates Infectious Diseases in Primates: Behaviour Ecology and Evolution Coevolution while you wait: Varroa jacobsoni, a new parasite of western honey bees Catastrophes after crossing species barriers Cross- species virus transmission and the emergence of new epidemic diseases Patterns of host specificity and transmission among parasites of free- living primates Infectious diseases and extinction risk in wild mammals Evolution of multiple components of virulence in Drosophila- nematode associations Effect of predator- prey phylogenetic similarity on the fitness consequences of predation: a trade- off between nutrition and disease? |
| cord-276966-wmelyonk | Which viral pathogens or virus infected cells are susceptible to memory T cell and memory B cells? |
| cord-297440-uw263cfc | Routine use of microbial whole genome sequencing in diagnostic and public health microbiology Whole- genome sequencing for analysis of an outbreak of meticillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a descriptive study Zero tolerance for healthcare- associated MRSA bacteraemia: is it realistic? |
| cord-018101-zd4v222b | The evolutionary significance of parasitism: Do parasite- driven genetic dynamics occur et silico? |
| cord-018101-zd4v222b | University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Are SARS superspreaders cloud adults? |
| cord-282628-6uoberfu | How do the virulence factors of shigella work together to cause disease? |
| cord-282628-6uoberfu | What is flux balance analysis? |
| cord-280107-tulne0v3 | A problem or Solution for Conservation? |
| cord-308089-q2w9fb0i | allele types in patients with Chlamydia- associated arthritis and other arthritides Sexual transmission and the natural history of human herpesvirus 8 infection Use of versant trade mark TMA and bDNA 3.0 assays to detect and quantify hepatitis C virus in semen Sexual transmission of hepatitis C and early intervention Detection and cellular localization of enterovirus RNA sequences in spinal cord of patients with ALS Risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with seropositivity for herpesviruses and echovirus-7 Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer's brain Herpesviruses in brain and Alzheimer's disease Infectious agents and multiple sclerosis- are Chlamydia pneumoniae and human herpes virus 6 involved? |
| cord-308089-q2w9fb0i | evidence for interaction of viral T- antigen and beta- catenin Hepatitis C virus infection and incident type 2 diabetes Is Crohn's disease caused by a mycobacterium? |
| cord-269607-xh1hu3k4 | Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetland Water microbiology, bacterial pathogens and water Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater Mechanisms of pathogenic virus removal in a full- scale membrane bioreactor A critical view of current state of phytotechnologies to remediate soils: still a promising tool? |
| cord-269607-xh1hu3k4 | Pathogens Constructed wetlandseare they safe in reducing protozoan parasites? |
| cord-297203-f3f31h4r | Replication- deficient ebolavirus as a vaccine candidate Single- dose immunization with virus replicon particles confers rapid robust protection against Rift Valley fever virus challenge Virus- like particles in vaccine development Virus- like particles as particulate vaccines Formulation and stabilization of recombinant protein based virus- like particle vaccines Vaccines for the 21st century DNA vaccines: recent developments and future possibilities DNA vaccines-back in the saddle again? |
| cord-297203-f3f31h4r | The yellow fever 17D virus as a platform for new live attenuated vaccines From research to hase III: preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine Creation of a recombinant Rift Valley fever virus with a two- segmented genome IRES dependent replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus makes it highly attenuated and incapable of replicating in mosquito cells IRES- based Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine candidate elicits protective immunity in mice Modulation of poliovirus replicative fitness in HeLa cells by deoptimization of synonymous codon usage in the capsid region Development of live attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization Adenoviruses as vaccine vectors Pre- existing immunity against Ad vectors: humoral, cellular, and innate response, what's important? |
| cord-294585-dl5v9p50 | the development of haemophilia A therapeutics-from whole blood transfusion to recombinant DNA to gene therapy Sterilization of hepatitis and HTLV- III viruses by exposure to tri( n- butyl) phosphate and sodium cholate Current status of solvent/ detergenttreated frozen plasma Venous thromboembolism associated with the management of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura A process for solvent/ detergent treatment of plasma for transfusion at blood centers using a disposable bag system Removal of small non- enveloped viruses by nanofiltration Virus inactivation in blood components by photoactive phenothiazine dyes Methylene blue treated fresh- frozen plasma: what is its contribution to blood safety? |
| cord-279376-0x4zrfw3 | Mystery of seasonality: getting the rhythm of nature What is a pathogen? |
| cord-299790-vciposnk | secondary bacterial pneumonia Influenza A virus facilitates Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission and disease Interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus: a mutually beneficial relationship? |
| cord-310439-z0bxsjug | The control of African cassava mosaic virus disease: Phytosanitation and/or resistance? |
| cord-330463-j4cf7vzs | Can microbial decontamination of indoor air reduce the risk for pathogen contamination of environmental surfaces? |
| cord-330463-j4cf7vzs | Humans differ in their personal microbial cloud the role of super- spreaders in infectious disease Secondary aerosolization of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in a contaminated US Senate Office Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study How much air do we breathe? |
| cord-031017-xjnbmah5 | Lessons from Prospective Sequencing of Salmonella Typhimurium in Australia Are public health professionals prepared for public health genomics? |
| cord-031017-xjnbmah5 | the phylogenetic analyses of virus permit to have an hindsight in paths of transmissionit is a very tricky topic in ethical and potentially legal aspects"Other"does the identification prove that the pathogen poses a risk?" |
| cord-295469-5an7836u | Can we use indoor fungi as bioindicators of indoor air quality? |
| cord-295469-5an7836u | The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E Effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rhinovirus-14 Influenza virus emitted by naturally- infected hosts in a healthcare setting Aerosol transmission of rhinovirus colds Viral Infections of humans: epidemiology and control Airborne rhinovirus detection and effect of ultraviolet irradiation on detection by a semi- nested RT- PCR assay Detection of airborne rhinovirus and its relation to outdoor air supply in office environments In China, students in crowded dormitories with a low ventilation rate have more common colds: evidence for airborne transmission How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? |
| cord-263484-afcgqjwq | The value of patient self- report for disease surveillance Using internet search queries for infectious disease surveillance: screening diseases for suitability Using social media for actionable disease surveillance and outbreak management: a systematic literature review Social media as a sentinel for disease surveillance: what does sociodemographic status have to do with It? |
| cord-263484-afcgqjwq | Will Ebola change the game? |
| cord-312161-egwo19oc | Are the improved sensitivity and decreased turnaround time worth the additional cost for water quality monitoring? |
| cord-312161-egwo19oc | Can current laboratory personnel be trained to perform some of these complex assays on a routine basis? |
| cord-312161-egwo19oc | What changes are necessary in water sampling, transport and storage? |
| cord-312161-egwo19oc | Which systems offer the greatest promise for more routine water pollution diagnoses? |
| cord-255230-i6q73bhs | Is the relationship between pathogen avoidance and ideological conservatism explained by sexual strategies? |
| cord-255230-i6q73bhs | Preliminary evidence for how the behavioral immune system pre- dicts juror decision- making Is the cure a wall? |
| cord-255230-i6q73bhs | The disgust scale: item analysis, factor structure, and suggestions for refinement Effects of concerns about pathogens on conservatism and anti- fat prejudice: are they mediated by moral intuitions? |
| cord-255230-i6q73bhs | Then, participants responded to the question"How likely are you to catch a disease from this person?" |
| cord-255230-i6q73bhs | contamination psychology predicts weight bias for women, not men Is obesity un- American? |
| cord-289443-46w52de3 | TLR4/ MD-2 Signatures of positive selection in Toll- like receptor( TLR) genes in mammals Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats'special'as reservoirs for emerging viruses? |
| cord-289443-46w52de3 | The Causes of Evolution( Longmans, Green,& Co,1932) Revenge of the phages: defeating bacterial defences Genomic variability as a driver of plant- pathogen coevolution? |
| cord-289443-46w52de3 | The dashed arrows and'?'indicate steps that lack clear molecular definition or are only inferred. |
| cord-289443-46w52de3 | Why then is human TRIM5 so highly inefficient against HIV-1? |
| cord-024652-4i6kktl0 | ( Theobroma cacao L.) Effect of salicylic acid and structurally related compounds in the accumulation of phytoalexins in cotyledons of common bean Phenylphenalenone phytoalexins, will they be a new type of fungicide? |
| cord-024652-4i6kktl0 | -France Induce systemic resistance and promotion of plant growth by Bacillus spp Antifungal activity of pisiferic acid derivatives against the rice blast fungus Functional moiety for the antifungal activity of phytocassane E, a diterpene phytoalexin from rice Phytoalexin induction in the sapwood of plants of the Maloideae( Rosaceae): biphenyls or dibenzofurans Structural and functional characterization of gene clusters directing non- ribosomal synthesis of bioactive lipopeptides in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Evaluation of essential oils and their components for broad- spectrum antifungal activity and control of late leaf spot and crown rot diseases in peanut Bryophytes, a potent source of drugs for tomorrow's medicine? |
| cord-024652-4i6kktl0 | The biocontrol effect of mycorrhization on soil borne fungal pathogens and the autoregulation of the AM symbiosis: one mechanism, two effects? |
| cord-024652-4i6kktl0 | The endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans Tit for tat? |
| cord-024652-4i6kktl0 | What is the significance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of many economically important crop plants? |
| cord-345799-i0j6tctr | First, does co- detection equal co- infection? |
| cord-345799-i0j6tctr | Second, and more practical, does codetection change the clinical outcome? |
| cord-009394-3jeexu27 | : What are the risks? |
| cord-009394-3jeexu27 | A probiotic trait? |
| cord-009394-3jeexu27 | Interrelated exposures influencing allergy, asthma, and obesity? |
| cord-009394-3jeexu27 | Protecting probiotic bacteria by microencapsulation: Challenges for industrial applications Interaction of probiotics and pathogens- Benefits to human health? |
| cord-307803-rlvk6bcx | How old are the major human pathogens? |
| cord-307803-rlvk6bcx | What are pathogens, and what have they done to and for us? |
| cord-307803-rlvk6bcx | What is the host range of pathogens? |
| cord-307803-rlvk6bcx | Where are the resistance- conferring genes in the human genome? |
| cord-355165-xc6ythgp | The contribution of respiratory pathogens to the seasonality of NHS Direct calls Seasonality of infectious diseases Seasonal variation in cause- specifi c mortality: are there high- risk groups? |
| cord-355165-xc6ythgp | results and application to disease surveillance Validation of syndromic surveillance for respiratory infections Developing a national primary care- based early warning system for health protection- a surveillance tool for the future? |
| cord-348819-gq7lp931 | Could ecologists be more random? |
| cord-348819-gq7lp931 | Microbiol Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover? |
| cord-348819-gq7lp931 | Straightforward alternatives to haphazard spatial sampling What is stirring in the reservoir? |
| cord-354254-89vjfkfd | Can a toilet promote virus transmission? |
| cord-354254-89vjfkfd | The impacts of roadside vegetation barriers on the dispersion of gaseous traffic pollution in urban street canyons Cfd simulation of air- steam flow with condensation Cfd modeling of a headbox with injecting dilution water in a central step diffusion tube A microfluidics- based on- chip impinger for airborne particle collection Can a toilet promote virus transmission? |
| cord-329149-1giy1fow | A secreted protein microarray platform for extracellular protein interaction discovery Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors Pathogen- derived immunomodulatory molecules: future immunotherapeutics? |
| cord-329149-1giy1fow | How do pathogens drive the evolution of paired receptors? |
| cord-329149-1giy1fow | How many drug targets are there? |
| cord-329149-1giy1fow | What have RNAi screens taught us about viral- host interactions? |
| cord-307874-0obomty2 | , do they exist? |
| cord-307874-0obomty2 | : what progress have we made in clinical diagnosis? |
| cord-307874-0obomty2 | The microbial flora of the respiratory tract in feedlot calves: associations between nasopharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures Agreement among 4 sampling methods to identify respiratory pathogens in dairy calves with acute bovine respiratory disease Sample collection for diagnostics of bovine respiratory diseases Respiratory disease in calves: microbiological investigations on trans- tracheally aspirated bronchoalveolar fluid and acute phase protein response Collection and interpretation of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of infectious and non- infectious lower airway disorders Factors associated with lung cytology as obtained by non- endoscopic broncho- alveolar lavage in grouphoused calves Effect of sedation on the intrapulmonary position of a bronchoalveolar lavage catheter in calves Influence of tilmicosin on quantified pulmonary concentrations of three bacterial pathogens in calves with naturallyoccurring bovine respiratory disease Mini- BAL, Blinded Bronchial Sampling, Blinded Protected Specimen Brush] to investigate for pulmonary infections, inflammation, and cellular and molecular markers: a narrative review Comparison of deep nasopharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage and transtracheal wash for the diagnosis of infectious bronchopneumonia in calves: which one is most animal friendly? |
| cord-307874-0obomty2 | What Progress Has Been Made in Infectious Diagnosis? |
| cord-307874-0obomty2 | What is the evidence that bovine coronavirus is a biologically significant respiratory pathogen in cattle? |
| cord-316999-712rit8h | A neglected concept in invasion ecology? |
| cord-316999-712rit8h | Parasites lost- do invaders miss the boat or drown on arrival? |
| cord-316999-712rit8h | The importance of disease- mediated invasions Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | Does it have a tendency for waterborne transmission? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | If it is directly transmitted, is it durable in the external environment? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | If it is transmitted sexually, is it mutation- prone with a tropism for critical cell types or does it have invasive or oncogenic tendencies? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | What Are the Sources and How Can They Be Spotted Quickly? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | haemophilus and mycoplasma genes Multi- drug resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1, forerunners of a new epidemic strain in Eastern India? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | í í Is it attendant- borne? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | í í Is it needle- borne? |
| cord-015484-t1zbpyin | í í Is it vector- borne with the ability to use humans as part of the life cycle? |
| cord-292031-weiwksh6 | : Can we kill them all? |
| cord-292031-weiwksh6 | : Is it possible? |
| cord-292031-weiwksh6 | The importance of the viable but non- culturable state in human bacterial pathogens Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria Viable but non- culturable forms of food and waterborne bacteria: Quo vadis? |
| cord-292031-weiwksh6 | Where do emerging pathogens come from? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | Archaea are interactive components of complex microbiomes Measuring the archaeome: detection and quantification of archaea signatures in the human body Uncovering Earth's virome Bacteriophage transcytosis provides a mechanism to cross epithelial cell layers Does the microbiome and virome contribute to myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | Bacteria- tohuman protein networks reveal origins of endogenous DNA damage Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | IMG/ VR: a database of cultured and uncultured DNA Viruses and retroviruses IMG/ VR Database Triples in Size Persistent elevated expression of cytokine transcripts in ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus in the absence of ganglionic replication or reactivation Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems Functional redundancy of soil microbiota-does more always mean better? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | Stealth Pathogens Parallels between post- polio fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a common pathophysiology? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | The Jarisch- Herxheimer reaction in syphilis: could molecular typing help to understand it better? |
| cord-282610-zim7nond | The human microbiome project Does blood of healthy subjects contain bacterial ribosomal DNA? |
| cord-346053-mk1mzc5z | How can we make sense of the processes that have led to the wide variety of pathogenicity factors in plant pathogens and that continue to drive the evolution of pathogens? |
| cord-346053-mk1mzc5z | How do pathogens, whether they parasitize plants or animals, acquire virulence to new hosts and resistance to the arms we deploy to control disease? |
| cord-346053-mk1mzc5z | The ABC transporter BcatrB affects the sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to the phytoalexin resveratol and the fungicide fenpiclonil Pathogenicity genes of phytopathogenic fungi Fungal LysM effectors: extinguishers of host immunity? |
| cord-346053-mk1mzc5z | The importance of fungal pectinolytic enzymes in plant invasion, host adaptability and symptom type Pathogenic fungi: leading or led by ambient pH? |
| cord-346053-mk1mzc5z | gypsophilae and betae, recently evolved pathogens? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | Are we measuring the right thing? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | Estimating phenotypic drug resistance from HIV-1 genotypes Mycobacterium du jour: what's on tomorrow's menu? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | How do we compare hundreds of bacterial genomes? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | Mauve: multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements Harnessing bioinformatics to discover new vaccines Integration of omics data: how well does it work for bacteria? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | Microb Infect Ten years of bacterial genome sequencing: comparative- genomics- based discoveries Integration and mining of malaria molecular, functional and pharamacological data: how far are we from a chemogenomic knowledge space? |
| cord-016588-f8uvhstb | What would you do if you could sequence everything? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | How can we be better prepared to identify emerging pathogens early? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | How many pathogenic viruses remain to be discovered? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | Is it feasible to predict which animal viruses have the potential to cause disease in humans? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | The global distribution and burden of dengue Airborne transmission of influenza A/ H5N1 virus between ferrets Role of receptor binding specificity in influenza A virus transmission and pathogenesis Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein Chikungunya virus adapts to tiger mosquito via evolutionary convergence: a sign of things to come? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | The human virome: new tools and concepts Human polyomaviruses in disease and cancer Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans Overviews of pathogen emergence: which pathogens emerge, when and why? |
| cord-256615-gvq8uyfk | What is the best strategy for identifying and limiting the menace from novel, zoonotic viruses? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | Are innate immune signaling pathways in plants and animals conserved? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | Food Standards Agency Isolation and Characterization of Various Microorganisms from Composts; its Value Addition to Control Fusarium WIlt of Solanum lycopersicum L.& Cloning and Expression of Heat Stress Resistance inducing Candidate Gene, ThPIL of Trichoderma harzianum( Doctoral dissertation Survival of Salmonellae on and in tomato plants from the time of inoculation at flowering and early stages of fruit development through fruit ripening Flies and Campylobacter infection of broiler flocks Outbreaks associated with fresh produce: incidence, growth, and survival of pathogens in fresh and fresh- cut produce A framework for developing research protocols for evaluation of microbial hazards and controls during production that pertain to the quality of agricultural water contacting fresh produce that may be consumed raw Rationing in Europe? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | How do plants achieve immunity? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | NZJAR( N Survival and transport of selected bacterial pathogens and indicator viruses under sandy aquifer conditions Listeria monocytogenes survival in soil and incidence in agricultural soils Bacillus cereus, the causative agent of an emetic type of food- borne illness Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | Why Such a Project? |
| cord-301767-1jv20em8 | a call for HACCP on farms? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | : Where are we now? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | A framework for comparing viral phylogenies and environmental landscape data Landscape- genetic analysis of population structure in the Texas gray fox oral rabies vaccination zone Going through the motions: Incorporating movement analyses into disease research Nonstationary patterns of isolation- by- distance: inferring measures of local genetic differentiation with Bayesian kriging Is there such a thing as landscape genetics? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | Combining landscape ecology and population genetics Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: A paradigm lost? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | Does inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity decrease disease resistance? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | How's the flu getting through? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations Simultaneously reconstructing viral cross- species transmission history and identifying the underlying constraints Urban landscapes can change virus gene flow and evolution in a fragmentationsensitive carnivore Linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveals subtype- specific transmission dynamics in African lions Towards an eco- phylogenetic framework for infectious disease ecology Clustering and assignment methods in landscape genetics Using spatial Bayesian methods to determine the genetic structure of a continuously distributed population: Clusters or isolation by distance? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | The role of landscape barriers and sex- biased dispersal Infectious disease transmission and contact networks in wildlife and livestock Network models: An underutilized tool in wildlife epidemiology? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | When is connectivity important? |
| cord-348841-qxkmngyk | applications Current status, future opportunities, and remaining challenges in landscape genetics Identifying future research needs in landscape genetics: Where to from here? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | Given these issues, could metagenomics replace conventional microbiological and molecular tests for infection? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience What is syndromic surveillance? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | The future: the sequencing singularity? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | What degree of sampling is required to capture potential spillovers 67? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | What is an early signal of patho gen emergence versus background microbial noise 65? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | Which emerging agents are capable of crossing the species barrier and causing human disease 74? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | Will Ebola change the game? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | where? |
| cord-339886-th1da1bb | zoonotic diseases without pandemic potential in need of innovative one health approaches Viral metagenomics on animals as a tool for the detection of zoonoses prior to human infection? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | : what have we learned about natural selection in 15 years? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Are there differences in immune function between continental and insular birds? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Biodiversity: a continuing source of novel drug leads Epidemic disease decimates amphibian abundance, species diversity, and evolutionary history in the highlands of central Panama Using habitat models to map diversity: pan- African species richness of ticks( Acari: Ixodida) revisited: or why are there so many kinds of parasites in'the garden of earthly delights Distribution of specialist and generalist species along spatial gradients of habitat disturbance and fragmentation Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication Population dynamics of pathogens with multiple host species Sacred cows and sympathetic squirrels: the importance of biological diversity to human health Homage to Linnaeus: how many parasites? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | But could this low exposure also induce evolutionary change in the ability of a host to respond to infection? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | C Cross- protection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 4 in rhesus macaques Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Could it be possible that specialist species also carry hemorrhagic fever viruses, only these viruses have not yet been identified? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Disease Ecology? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | How many hosts? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Infectious Disease Ecology? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Or is there something intrinsic in opportunistic species that makes them more likely to evolve and maintain hemorrhagic fever viruses( Mills 2006)? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Parasite diversity: an overlooked metric of parasite pressures? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Regarding the genetic diversity of host, an important issue is: to what extent does a reduction of this diversity impact the ability of the host population to response to infectious diseases? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Regarding the genetic diversity of host, an important issue is: to what extent does a reduction of this diversity impact the ability of the host population to response to infectious diseases? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Scientific evidence supporting both of these views is beginning to emerge, but the core question remains: how is biodiversity linked to infectious disease? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | The parasites of Homo sapiens: an annotated checklist of the protozoa, helminths and arthropods for which we are home Immunological change in a parasite- impoverished environment: divergent signals from four island taxa Effect of host diversity on disease dynamics Ecology: individuals, populations and communities Disease spread, susceptibility and infection intensity: vicious circles? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | This then raises the following question: to what extent does a reduction of the genetic diversity in a host species impact the ability of the host population to response to infectious diseases( May 1995)? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Virtues of being faithful: can we limit the genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | What could be the consequences of such a shift? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | What may happen in a world where increased movements of hosts and pathogens, high population densities, and rapidly changing environments increase contact rates, spread, and selective pressures on pathogens and hosts while at the same time a combination of low exposure to pathogen biodiversity and decreased genetic variability in some animals increases susceptibility to new diseases? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | Why are murid species associated with hemorrhagic fever more generalist than those which are not? |
| cord-016717-2twm4hmc | key: cord-016717- 2twm4hmc authors: Vourc’h, Gwenaël; Plantard, Olivier; Morand, Serge title: How Does Biodiversity Influence the Ecology of Infectious Disease? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | The Race between Infection and Immunity: How do Pathogens Set the Pace?by Davenport, M.P., Belz, G. T. and Ribeiro, R.M.,( 2009) |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | 1) Can you define these terms? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | 1) Can you define these terms? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Can You Extrapolate? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | How might they also help protect a host against intracellular pathogens? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Overview of the immune response Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system Friendly and dangerous signals: Is the tissue in control? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Section A 1) Can you define these terms? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What are three major differences between innate and adaptive immune responses? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What exactly triggers the initial response by the innate system? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What happens when the immune system is complete but malfunctions, or when its normal functioning has undesirable effects? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What is the difference between infection and disease? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What is the major difference between extracellular and intracellular pathogens? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What sort of DAMPs and/or PAMPs might be present in each case, and what sorts of immune responses might you expect to find in these patients? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | What was Koch's theory and why was it important? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Who coined the term"vaccination"and on what basis? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Why are B lymphocyte responses usually associated with defense against extracellular rather than intracellular pathogens? |
| cord-285778-80baxwgc | Would You Like To Read More? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | > Having chosen an antigen and presentation system, what is the best way to produce it on a large scale? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | A review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System database Vaccine safety surveillance using large linked databases: opportunities, hazards and proposed guidelines Permanent brain damage and pertussis vaccination: is the end of the saga in sight? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Can a specific antigen( or antigens) be identified that represents the target of protective host immune responses? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Can the pathogen be grown in culture? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Even larger phase IIb studies can provide additional data on vaccine safety and immunogenicity in subjects generally representative of those for whom the vaccine might be recommended, but importantly, also provide the first opportunity to address to answer the question,'Does this vaccine work in humans?' |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | If natural immunity capable of preventing re- infection follows an initial infection with the pathogen, can a specific host immune effector mechanism( e.g., antibody, CD8 T- cell) be identified as the likely agent( or'correlate') of immune protection? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | If so, can a threshold level of this specific immune correlate needed for protection from re- infection be defined? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | If so, does the pathogen cause such a life- threatening disease that an attenuated version of the virus would face an impossible barrier for demonstration of safety? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | If the infection occurs relatively rarely in an overall population, can a subset of the population be identified that has a higher risk of infection so as to accelerate the achievement of statistically significant protection? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | If the protective immune response is mediated by antibodies, can the target antigen( be it a protein or polysaccharide) be produced in scalable quantities in a form that mimics its native structure so that it can effectively elicit antibody responses that can block the key functional role(s) of the target molecule in the pathogen lifecycle or otherwise lead to the clearance of an incipient pathogen infection? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Is immunity to a given antigen associated with protection against disease following re- exposure in the context of natural infection? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Is the antigen of interest sufficiently immunogenic on its own, or is augmentation of the desired immune response by conjugation to a specific carrier or addition of an adjuvant necessary to elicit a sufficient and sufficiently durable immune response in individuals in the target population for vaccination? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Is this subset sufficiently similar to the rest of the population to enable extrapolation of the clinical results to the broader target population as a whole? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Recent advances in the development of HIV-1 vaccines using replication- incompetent adenovirus vectors One step forward, two steps back-will there ever be an AIDS vaccine? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | The MMR vaccination and autism controversy in United Kingdom 1998- 2005: inevitable community outrage or a failure of risk communication? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What are the major unmet medical and public health needs today? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What is known about the natural history and pathogenic mechanisms of the infection of interest? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What is the attack rate of the infection in the general population? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What is the most effective way to present the antigens of the pathogen of interest to the immune system? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What tests to evaluate vaccine immunogenicity will need to carried out on clinical samples obtained from participants in the clinical trials? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | What types of potential safety concerns can be anticipated for the vaccine in question? |
| cord-021966-5m21bsrw | Will measurement of antibody titers, T- cell responses, pathogen presence and quantity, pathogen serotype, and any other parameter peculiar to the disease in question represent the primary criteria for vaccine effect? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Could viruses contribute to the worldwide epidemic of obesity? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Do environments in infancy moderate the association between stress and inflammation in adulthood? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Does cytokine- induced depression differ from idiopathic major depression in medically healthy individuals? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Given evidence that anorexia may confer anti- pathogen effects( Raison and Miller, 2012), might similar benefits accrue to hyperphagia, especially in youth and females, under at least some evolutionarily relevant situations? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | How do viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | How might PATHOS- D theory seek to account for the existence of these reversed neurovegative symptoms, as well as their age and sex distribution? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | However, if this is indeed the case, why should we expect the immune changes seen in depression to be limited to circulating cytokines or CRP? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | However, what about the survival of the newborn, which reflects a significant investment on the mother's part in her long- term reproductive success? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | However, what should we make of the fact that multiple studies show that inflammatory markers are at least as elevated- and maybe more elevated- in manic episodes as they are during bipolar depressions( Goldstein et al, 2009)? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | In this context, might genes linking inflammation with mania have undergone positive selection by conferring increased protection against the wide range of infections to which manic behavior would have exposed an individual in the EEA? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | In what ways would elevated body temperature or reduced iron availability aid in negotiating relationships with other humans? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Mere visual perception of other people's disease symptoms facilitates a more aggressive immune response Pathogens, personality, and culture: disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience Combined dexamethasone/ corticotropin- releasing hormone test in acute and remitted manic patients, in acute depression, and in normal controls: I Who keeps children alive? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Might maternal depression contribute to the child's pathogen- host defense prospects? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Might the association serve adaptive purposes or is it better considered as an example of antagonistic pleiotropy? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Mol Psychiatry Malaise, melancholia and madness: the evolutionary legacy of an inflammatory bias Chronic interferon- alpha administration disrupts sleep continuity and depth in patients with hepatitis C: association with fatigue, motor slowing, and increased evening cortisol A bad case of the flu? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Similarly, if depression is simply a non- adaptive phenomenon, why would such ancient, highly conserved and highly complex physiological responses be associated with the disorder? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | So, can available data help us determine which theory is better supported? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | The relationship between post- natal depression and mother- child interaction The effect of acute psychological stress on circulating inflammatory factors in humans: a review and meta- analysis Functional disability and social conflict increase risk of depression in older adulthood among bolivian forager- farmers Depression as sickness behavior? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target Infectious disease and psychoneuroimmunology Viral obesity: fact or fiction? |
| cord-347946-i6kx3n6m | Why might younger individuals in general, and females in particular, be more likely to develop depressive conditions characterized by hypersomnia and hyperphagia? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | : Are exposure assessment methods potentially burdensome on the communities and individuals where they are conducted? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | : Can the exposure assessment quantify the relative contribution to total exposure by different transmission pathways? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | A Pilot Study on Integrating Videography and Environmental Microbial Sampling to Model Fecal Bacterial Exposures in Peri- Urban Tanzania Video Surveillance Captures Student Hand Hygiene Behavior, Reactivity to Observation, and Peer Influence in Kenyan Primary Schools Quantifying Contact with the Environment: Behaviors of Young Children in Accra Is Structured Observation a Valid Technique to Measure Handwashing Behavior? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Are the required materials bulky or dangerous to handle? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Do they involve an invasion of the respondents'privacy? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Do they provide interpretable information for end users and how do users respond to that information? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Do they require respondents to provide a substantial amount of resources( e.g., large volume water samples) and time? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Does the assay require cold- chain transport or a consistent energy source? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Evidence from Kisii, Kenya Can Sanitary Inspection Surveys Predict Risk of Microbiological Contamination of Groundwater Sources? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Exploring the Evolution of Diversity in Pathogen Populations Are Microbial Indicators and Pathogens Correlated? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | For external exposure assessments, is exposure characterized proximal to the human boundary or is it a more distal measure that requires modeling to estimate more proximal exposure? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | For internal exposure assessments, are the measures mediated by host susceptibility to infection? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | How much training and material is required to collect samples, conduct analyses, and interpret results? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Is exposure characterized in the environment as a proxy for external exposure and does it provide data on the source of exposure, or is it measured after the contaminant has crossed the human boundary( i.e., internal exposure)? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Is it fast enough to provide actionable feedback to reduce exposures in a population of interest? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Just How Important Is Skin Absorption? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Portable Fluorescence Spectroscopy Be Used in the Real- Time Assessment of Microbial Water Quality? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Really Mean? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Sanitary Surveys Replace Water Quality Testing? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | Sanitation Improvements Reduce Fecal Contamination of Water, Hands, Food, Soil, and Flies? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | The Underworlds Book Could Sewage Epidemiology Be a Strategy to Assess Lifestyle and Wellness of a Large Scale Population? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | What Are the Dangers for the Public Water Supply? |
| cord-322120-wtu04r2j | deployment in the field in low- resource or emergency settings? |