quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram	frequency
of infectious bronchitis virus	852
avian infectious bronchitis virus	826
of avian infectious bronchitis	535
coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus	323
infectious bronchitis virus in	287
of the s gene	183
severe acute respiratory syndrome	170
avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis	154
ck ch ldl i	146
the s gene of	128
of the s protein	116
the coronavirus infectious bronchitis	113
coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis	101
avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus	97
of mouse hepatitis virus	95
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	92
for the detection of	92
in the s gene	89
in the present study	88
infectious bronchitis virus and	85
strain of infectious bronchitis	83
infectious bronchitis virus isolates	81
cells were infected with	78
in the presence of	77
infectious bronchitis virus strain	71
infectious bronchitis virus isolated	70
infectious bronchitis virus from	70
of infectious bronchitis viruses	70
has been shown to	70
nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus	70
detection of infectious bronchitis	69
of the coronavirus infectious	65
used in this study	65
an important role in	63
the infectious bronchitis virus	61
the s subunit of	61
rna was extracted from	61
with infectious bronchitis virus	61
nucleotide and amino acid	61
the sequence of the	60
in cells infected with	59
in the absence of	59
infectious bronchitis virus is	58
infectious bronchitis virus infection	57
the end of the	56
in the middle east	56
strains of avian infectious	56
for the presence of	56
s protein of ibv	56
ck ch lsc i	56
gene of infectious bronchitis	55
in the case of	55
analysis of the s	55
of the spike protein	55
as shown in fig	54
amino acid sequences of	54
against infectious bronchitis virus	54
as well as the	53
play a role in	53
proteins of avian infectious	53
strains of infectious bronchitis	52
of avian coronavirus infectious	52
the spike protein of	52
to infectious bronchitis virus	51
and molecular characterization of	51
infectious bronchitis virus strains	50
the avian coronavirus infectious	49
of the n protein	49
in the spike protein	48
infectious bronchitis viruses isolated	48
were infected with ibv	48
serotypes of infectious bronchitis	48
the s protein of	48
were found to be	47
infectious bronchitis virus a	47
the results showed that	47
were observed in the	47
is a determinant of	45
of severe acute respiratory	45
in the respiratory tract	45
e and m proteins	45
infectious bronchitis virus the	45
characterization of infectious bronchitis	44
s gene of infectious	44
in the s protein	44
avian infectious bronchitis viruses	43
on the other hand	43
s subunit of the	43
was detected in the	43
phylogenetic analysis of the	43
as a result of	43
bronchitis virus isolated in	42
it has been shown	42
diversity of avian infectious	42
isolation and identification of	42
the presence of ibv	42
the results of the	42
bronchitis virus isolates from	42
of the s glycoprotein	42
in the poultry industry	42
of the genome of	41
an infectious bronchitis virus	41
sequence analysis of the	41
infectious bronchitis virus variants	40
of the infectious bronchitis	40
in the trachea and	40
to the poultry industry	40
infectious bronchitis virus infectious	40
ck ch lhlj v	39
s gene of the	39
of the ibv genome	39
against avian infectious bronchitis	39
in vitro and in	39
on the surface of	39
the s protein is	39
the pcr products were	39
infectious bronchitis virus by	38
s and n proteins	38
in this study were	38
s gene of ibv	38
a member of the	38
was observed in the	38
sequences of the s	38
of avian coronavirus ibv	38
the avian infectious bronchitis	37
has been shown that	37
of the s subunit	37
the ck ch ldl	37
recombinant avian infectious bronchitis	37
have been shown to	37
the coronavirus avian infectious	37
bronchitis virus infectious bronchitis	37
in the s subunit	37
been shown to be	37
in the current study	36
infectious bronchitis virus vaccine	36
molecular characterization of infectious	36
the s and n	36
protein of infectious bronchitis	36
genetic diversity of avian	36
assay for the detection	36
the genome of the	36
middle east respiratory syndrome	36
infectious bronchitis virus s	36
the presence of the	36
the detection of infectious	36
strain ck ch ldl	36
of an infectious bronchitis	35
based on the s	35
of the murine coronavirus	35
de wit et al	35
results showed that the	35
end of the genome	35
infectious bronchitis viruses in	35
it is possible that	35
of the n gene	35
samples were collected from	34
of the coronavirus avian	34
is not essential for	34
of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis	34
pcr assay for the	34
ck ch lln i	34
at the end of	34
the molecular biology of	33
was found to be	33
similar to that of	33
play an important role	33
identification of a novel	33
for the development of	32
codon optimized s protein	32
one of the most	32
mrna expression levels of	32
and n proteins of	32
closely related to the	32
ibv strain ck ch	32
of the m protein	32
was carried out using	32
this is the first	32
mouse hepatitis virus strain	31
m and n genes	31
polymerase chain reaction and	31
viral rna was extracted	31
analysis of infectious bronchitis	31
bronchitis virus circulating in	31
region of the s	31
of the spike gene	31
infectious bronchitis virus circulating	31
in the s spike	31
serotype of infectious bronchitis	31
expressing codon optimized s	31
infectious bronchitis coronavirus in	31
is one of the	31
spike protein is a	31
than that of the	31
the nucleotide sequences of	31
subunit of the spike	30
strain of avian infectious	30
in addition to the	30
like infectious bronchitis virus	30
protein of avian infectious	30
that they have no	30
transcription polymerase chain reaction	30
declare that they have	30
the authors declare that	30
the peplomer protein of	30
the s glycoprotein of	30
the i isolate and	30
at the nonpermissive temperature	30
and ck ch ldl	30
plays an important role	29
of the viral genome	29
of the sequence of	29
the emergence of new	29
to avian infectious bronchitis	29
a review of the	29
economic losses to the	29
bronchitis virus isolated from	29
for the first time	29
vitro and in vivo	29
determinant of cell tropism	28
of the avian coronavirus	28
nucleotide sequences of the	28
by infectious bronchitis virus	28
studies have shown that	28
situation and control measures	28
current situation and control	28
rndv expressing codon optimized	28
infectious bursal disease virus	28
authors declare that they	28
molecular biology of coronaviruses	28
at days of age	28
molecular evolutionary genetics analysis	28
to the emergence of	28
coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus	27
review of the history	27
at room temperature for	27
infectious bronchitis virus resulting	27
east respiratory syndrome coronavirus	27
deduced amino acid sequences	27
s and s subunits	27
epidemiology of infectious bronchitis	27
the poultry industry worldwide	27
in the control group	27
important role in the	27
of infectious bronchitis in	27
infectious bronchitis virus expressing	27
acid sequences of the	27
the sequences of the	27
this work was supported	27
the respiratory tract of	27
of ibv n protein	27
a simple method of	27
the hypervariable region of	27
amino acid sequence of	27
simple method of estimating	27
method of estimating fifty	27
infectious bronchitis virus using	27
in the united states	27
respiratory syndrome vaccine development	26
a novel variant of	26
vaccination against avian infectious	26
the spike protein is	26
of the amino acid	26
the s protein gene	26
cells were transfected with	26
reverse transcription polymerase chain	26
of a new genotype	26
was extracted from the	26
within the s gene	26
of vaccination against avian	26
acute respiratory syndrome vaccine	26
development and evaluation of	26
virus isolates from china	26
spf embryonated chicken eggs	26
were detected in the	26
of the respiratory tract	26
on the peplomer protein	26
experiences of vaccination against	26
a heterologous spike gene	25
emergence of a new	25
and n genes of	25
work was supported by	25
it is not clear	25
bronchitis virus resulting from	25
the presence of a	25
cells were treated with	25
in embryonated chicken eggs	25
ck ch lsd i	25
expressing a heterologous spike	25
sequence of the genome	25
was used as the	25
virus expressing a heterologous	25
old spf chickens were	25
virus resulting from recombination	25
were significantly higher than	25
in poultry and other	25
strain ck ch lgx	25
the emergence of a	25
development and use of	25
the ck ch ljl	25
sequencing of the s	25
bronchitis coronavirus in china	25
and evaluation of a	25
genome of the coronavirus	25
of the spike glycoprotein	25
the trachea and kidney	25
on the basis of	25
restriction fragment length polymorphism	25
hepatitis virus strain a	25
bronchitis virus expressing a	25
are listed in table	25
it has been reported	25
ck ch lhlj vii	25
bronchitis virus from the	24
followed by cycles of	24
at the same time	24
in recent years in	24
coronaviruses in poultry and	24
completion of the sequence	24
n a n a	24
ck ch ljl strain	24
cells infected with the	24
the s and s	24
complete genome sequences of	24
embryonated spf chicken eggs	24
of s gene of	24
no conflict of interest	24
of this study was	24
of the i isolate	24
to that of the	24
with the exception of	24
a determinant of cell	24
demonstrates that the spike	24
in the control of	24
that the spike protein	24
poultry and other birds	24
bronchitis virus in chickens	24
of newcastle disease virus	24
hypervariable region of the	24
vero cells were infected	23
would like to thank	23
the nucleocapsid protein of	23
infectious bronchitis virus coronavirus	23
between p and p	23
is a highly contagious	23
in the formation of	23
genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus	23
infectious bronchitis virus molecular	23
bronchitis virus infection in	23
the severe acute respiratory	23
was used as a	23
the protective efficacy of	23
bronchitis virus in the	23
protein is a determinant	23
a new genotype of	23
of the ibv strains	23
evaluation of a real	23
has been reported that	23
analysis of avian infectious	23
of the avian infectious	23
our results showed that	23
reverse genetics system for	23
was found in the	23
the spike protein gene	23
in all of the	23
total rna was extracted	23
feline infectious peritonitis virus	23
the vaccinia virus genome	23
orf a and orf	23
presence or absence of	23
old spf embryonated chicken	22
structural proteins of avian	22
infectious bronchitis virus field	22
as a negative control	22
is consistent with the	22
spike gene demonstrates that	22
this study was to	22
s and n genes	22
in specific pathogen free	22
heterologous spike gene demonstrates	22
the replicase gene of	22
were obtained from the	22
i and ck ch	22
gene demonstrates that the	22
isolation and characterization of	22
optimized s protein of	22
ibv e and m	22
bronchitis virus from infected	22
in the s region	22
and the ck ch	22
a role in the	22
bronchitis viruses isolated in	22
in the genbank database	22
the h strain of	22
a and orf b	22
of the ck ch	22
the specificity of the	22
virus from infected chickens	22
were found in the	22
evidence of natural recombination	22
the amino acid sequences	21
the presence or absence	21
the deduced amino acid	21
phylogeny of infectious bronchitis	21
molecular epidemiology of infectious	21
of the h strain	21
the surface of the	21
to harmonize virus classification	21
epithelial cells of the	21
from each group were	21
ch ldl i strain	21
in each group were	21
infectious bronchitis virus serotypes	21
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus	21
lesions were observed in	21
virus infectious bronchitis virus	21
for infectious bronchitis virus	21
in broiler flocks in	21
as a receptor for	21
the ck ch lsc	21
is the first report	21
for the isolation and	21
on the s gene	21
of infectious bronchitis research	21
an attempt to harmonize	21
as compared to the	21
of the virus in	21
new genotype of nephropathogenic	21
attempt to harmonize virus	21
circulating in vaccinated and	21
losses to the poultry	21
years of infectious bronchitis	21
identification and characterization of	21
the recombinant ibvs and	21
of the ibv m	20
by avian infectious bronchitis	20
we found that the	20
the cytoplasmic tail of	20
the expression of the	20
infected with ibv and	20
was supported by the	20
in this study was	20
in chickens infected with	20
infectious bronchitis virus date	20
m and s proteins	20
vaccination against infectious bronchitis	20
of cd and cd	20
virus circulating in vaccinated	20
a determinant of pathogenicity	20
by the coronavirus infectious	20
and efficacy of an	20
not essential for replication	20
in contrast to the	20
genotype of nephropathogenic infectious	20
based phylogeny of infectious	20
virus was detected in	20
infected with wild type	20
structural and accessory genes	20
rndv expressing s protein	20
domains on the peplomer	20
chickens in each group	20
are shown in table	20
the n gene of	20
protein gene of the	20
detection and differentiation of	20
reaction was carried out	20
strains isolated in china	20
correlation with biological functions	20
was performed using the	20
cells were fixed and	20
genotype of infectious bronchitis	20
birds in each group	20
higher than those of	20
end of the s	20
it was found that	20
challenge with infectious bronchitis	20
antigenic domains on the	20
highly significant at p	20
under the control of	20
control of infectious bronchitis	19
at a multiplicity of	19
a highly contagious disease	19
characterization of a novel	19
isolates of infectious bronchitis	19
the s spike glycoprotein	19
washed three times with	19
bronchitis virus s gene	19
of infectious bronchitis coronavirus	19
a n a n	19
human immunodeficiency virus type	19
spike protein of infectious	19
the n protein of	19
were used for the	19
identification of avian infectious	19
a high degree of	19
the causative agent of	19
differences in the s	19
of the isolate sc	19
isolation and molecular characterization	19
the allantoic fluid was	19
in the viral genome	19
the nucleotide and amino	19
ibv strains have been	19
western blot analysis of	19
peplomer protein of avian	19
in vaccinated and non	19
of ck ch ldl	19
of the spike precursor	19
cd and cd t	19
method of reed and	19
ch ldl i p	19
the method of reed	19
as shown in table	19
of coronavirus infectious bronchitis	19
chain reaction and restriction	19
i isolate and the	19
terminal region of the	19
the pathogenic m strain	19
blood samples were collected	19
qx strain of infectious	19
h at room temperature	19
the allantoic cavity of	19
the negative control group	19
the s gene and	19
from recombination among three	18
at c for min	18
the s gene was	18
amino acids within hypervariable	18
phylogenetic analysis based on	18
g for min at	18
of protection induced by	18
among three different strains	18
have no competing interests	18
at each time point	18
economic losses in the	18
spike protein gene of	18
cleavage site of the	18
mutations in the s	18
e l and e	18
recombinant ibvs and beaudette	18
are associated with neutralization	18
virus around the world	18
with the spike protein	18
cytotoxic t lymphocytes are	18
is a member of	18
resulting from recombination among	18
bronchitis virus genotypes in	18
of reed and muench	18
glycoprotein are associated with	18
sweden jn sweden jn	18
was used for the	18
type of infectious bronchitis	18
the structural and accessory	18
from the netherlands as	18
live attenuated ibv vaccine	18
strain ck ch lhlj	18
cell fusion activity of	18
associated with neutralization epitopes	18
with avian infectious bronchitis	18
and use of the	18
the viral replication cycle	18
bronchitis virus in taiwan	18
and evaluation of protection	18
inoculated into the allantoic	18
infectious bronchitis virus genotypes	18
the birds in the	18
when compared to the	18
to those of the	18
use of the h	18
the control of infectious	18
h strain of avian	18
in the presence or	18
virus from the netherlands	18
evaluation of protection induced	18
the rest of the	18
similar to those of	18
beaudette strain of ibv	18
spike glycoprotein are associated	18
netherlands as a vaccine	18
for the avian coronavirus	18
the netherlands as a	18
and efficacy of vaccination	18
were randomly divided into	18
isolated in china between	18
arg dq ck ch	18
it is necessary to	18
plays a role in	18
clinical signs were observed	18
they have no competing	18
and amino acid identities	18
and s proteins of	18
the relative mrna expression	18
acids within hypervariable region	18
efficacy of rndv expressing	18
calculated according to the	18
efficacy of vaccination against	18
for h at room	18
cells were cultured in	18
novel nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis	18
bronchitis virus isolates in	18
recombination among three different	18
in viral rna synthesis	17
the s glycoprotein gene	17
bronchitis virus in egypt	17
attenuated but induces protective	17
recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus	17
but induces protective immunity	17
a final volume of	17
review of infectious bronchitis	17
and infectious bronchitis virus	17
changes in the s	17
the expression level of	17
infected with ibv at	17
was added to the	17
bronchitis virus around the	17
in cells transfected with	17
of ibv in the	17
old embryonated spf chicken	17
amino acid changes in	17
cells transfected with the	17
on the cell surface	17
submitted to the genbank	17
jx jx jx kj	17
the cleavage site of	17
infectious bronchitis virus around	17
infectious bronchitis virus isolate	17
of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses	17
spike protein of the	17
by western blot with	17
jx jx kj gx	17
bronchitis virus in specific	17
of the virus to	17
incubated for h at	17
phylogenetic trees were constructed	17
novel variant of avian	17
strain remains attenuated but	17
in the n protein	17
bronchitis viruses isolated from	17
is shown in fig	17
a novel genotype of	17
in order to determine	17
and identification of avian	17
based on the hypervariable	17
natural recombination within the	17
of natural recombination within	17
recombination within the s	17
hypervariable region of avian	17
remains attenuated but induces	17
infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains	17
be due to the	17
and deduced amino acid	17
within hypervariable region of	17
was closely related to	17
virus in specific pathogen	17
b of the coronavirus	17
was added to each	17
can be used to	17
bronchitis virus field isolates	17
variant of avian infectious	17
the e and m	17
was carried out in	17
as well as in	17
on the hypervariable region	17
acid differences in the	17
jn sweden jn sweden	17
of antigenic variants of	17
into the allantoic cavity	16
was shown to be	16
laboratory manual for the	16
in the shell gland	16
manual for the isolation	16
region of avian coronavirus	16
of the pathogenic m	16
for the control of	16
a new genotype in	16
mucus in the nares	16
immunopathogenesis of infection in	16
the e l glycoprotein	16
site of the spike	16
the majority of the	16
than those of the	16
of three infectious bronchitis	16
avian infectious bronchitis in	16
read and approved the	16
nucleotide and deduced amino	16
isolates of avian infectious	16
are shown in fig	16
bronchitis coronavirus strains isolated	16
was used to detect	16
a wide range of	16
of ibv strain mass	16
pcr products were purified	16
the size of the	16
via the allantoic cavity	16
functional characterization of the	16
were shown to be	16
highly pathogenic avian influenza	16
the authors declare no	16
nucleotide sequence of the	16
the infectivity of the	16
higher than that of	16
significantly higher than those	16
infectious bronchitis virus are	16
and amino acid sequence	16
in this study are	16
china in recent years	16
more closely related to	16
room temperature for min	16
infectious bronchitis virus vaccines	16
may play a role	16
viral load in the	16
variation in the s	16
the s genes of	16
closely related serotypes of	16
have been reported in	16
s and n gene	16
cells infected with wild	16
to be involved in	16
the h vaccine strain	16
s spike glycoprotein subunit	16
emergence of new variants	16
the nrtw i strain	16
the beaudette strain of	16
an avian infectious bronchitis	16
the n protein is	16
humoral and cellular immune	16
the s spike protein	16
a and b of	16
bronchitis virus is a	16
and approved the final	16
infectious bronchitis virus c	16
phylogenetic tree was constructed	16
analysis based on the	16
infectious bronchitis virus detection	16
respiratory tract of chickens	16
the detection of ibv	16
and the extent of	16
allantoic fluid was harvested	16
infectious bronchitis virus with	16
ibv ck ch lhlj	16
related serotypes of infectious	16
have been detected in	16
the complete genome of	16
gene of avian coronavirus	16
losses in the poultry	16
of chickens infected with	16
of ibv have been	16
the s protein was	16
of the birds in	15
and characterization of a	15
infectious bronchitis coronavirus beaudette	15
sequence of the s	15
amino acid substitutions in	15
found in the s	15
the authors would like	15
to better understand the	15
region of the ibv	15
between s and s	15
at a concentration of	15
one of the major	15
or induce chicken tracheal	15
tree was constructed using	15
of each of the	15
phylogeny of antigenic variants	15
the percentages of cd	15
chicken flocks in china	15
on the s and	15
the analysis of the	15
authors would like to	15
a laboratory manual for	15
passage in embryonated eggs	15
molecular analysis of the	15
in the context of	15
the detection of the	15
the ibv s gene	15
of the pathogenicity of	15
the viral load in	15
old embryonated chicken eggs	15
could be due to	15
glycoprotein subunit of closely	15
bronchitis coronavirus beaudette with	15
complete genome sequence of	15
used to determine the	15
were collected from the	15
region of the genome	15
chain reaction survey of	15
to the genbank database	15
of the family coronaviridae	15
of closely related serotypes	15
genetics system for the	15
the allantoic cavities of	15
recombinant ibv n protein	15
the united states and	15
free and commercial broiler	15
pathogenic m strain remains	15
beaudette with the spike	15
subunit of closely related	15
harbin veterinary research institute	15
it is difficult to	15
h n avian influenza	15
this article can be	15
safety and efficacy of	15
gene of the pathogenic	15
genotypes in western europe	15
the ibv m protein	15
and analysis of the	15
is unable to induce	15
infectious bronchitis virus serotype	15
reaction survey of infectious	15
variants of avian coronavirus	15
murine coronavirus spike protein	15
spike and membrane proteins	15
three infectious bronchitis virus	15
location of the amino	15
isolation of avian infectious	15
bronchitis virus in poultry	15
antigenic variants of avian	15
coronavirus strains isolated in	15
replicase gene of avian	15
the amino acid sequence	15
in field isolates of	15
coronavirus beaudette with the	15
are critical in the	15
of the present study	15
infectious bronchitis virus induces	15
in the n gene	15
cells were incubated with	15
of the viral envelope	15
of the genomic rna	15
isolate and the ck	15
in the field and	15
of the rescued virus	15
virus retaining spike glycopolypeptide	15
spike glycoprotein subunit of	15
min at room temperature	15
and a final extension	15
and cellular immune responses	15
critical in the control	15
chickens were challenged with	15
which is consistent with	15
in the s and	15
induce chicken tracheal protection	15
in western europe from	15
authors read and approved	15
for each of the	15
between serotypes and genotypes	15
s proteins of ibv	15
genotypes based on the	15
article can be found	15
a functional receptor for	15
m strain remains attenuated	15
infected with infectious bronchitis	15
and antigenic characteristics of	15
virus genotypes in western	15
in the golgi complex	15
these results suggest that	15
aminopeptidase n is a	14
a better understanding of	14
for the production of	14
recombination in field isolates	14
evidence for rna recombination	14
and restriction fragment length	14
protection in vaccinated chickens	14
parts of the world	14
s spike protein of	14
chicken tracheal organ cultures	14
of the b type	14
location of antigenic sites	14
compared with those of	14
added to each well	14
to host factors reflects	14
virus tropism and pathogenicity	14
in a previous study	14
for min at room	14
the s coding region	14
factors reflects virus tropism	14
thirds of the genome	14
in the induction of	14
genes of infectious bronchitis	14
the s avian infectious	14
and commercial broiler chickens	14
were performed using the	14
of estimating fifty percent	14
the b type of	14
but not s is	14
of an avian coronavirus	14
can be seen from	14
antibodies on the s	14
was observed in cells	14
detected in the trachea	14
field isolates of avian	14
the murine coronavirus spike	14
for rna recombination in	14
pathogenicity of a qx	14
to the family coronaviridae	14
was carried out with	14
s is unable to	14
were included in the	14
are essential for replication	14
fixed and labelled with	14
international committee on taxonomy	14
infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid	14
may play an important	14
s protein of the	14
spike glycopolypeptide s but	14
rna recombination in field	14
from the united states	14
acid changes in the	14
induces protection in vaccinated	14
bronchitis virus and other	14
of the nucleotide sequences	14
from cells transfected with	14
as well as other	14
has not yet been	14
a multiplicity of infection	14
pathogenic avian influenza virus	14
infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide	14
lower than that of	14
on the s avian	14
in chicken flocks in	14
ts mutant s protein	14
infection in the chicken	14
gene of the avian	14
infectious bronchitis virus based	14
cloning and sequencing of	14
forward and reverse primers	14
was first reported in	14
infection of chickens with	14
system for the avian	14
of a novel coronavirus	14
sequence evidence for rna	14
the n gene and	14
an acute and highly	14
n proteins of ibv	14
virus in cultured cells	14
of antigenic sites defined	14
origin and evolution of	14
eggs were inoculated with	14
host factors reflects virus	14
immune responses induced by	14
ch ldl i and	14
of avian coronavirus spike	14
be responsible for the	14
the respiratory tract and	14
virus induces protection in	14
all of the birds	14
at the cleavage site	14
may be associated with	14
and sequencing of the	14
the s glycoprotein but	14
bronchitis virus is not	14
detection and molecular characterization	14
s glycoprotein but not	14
has also been reported	14
survey of infectious bronchitis	14
not s is unable	14
vaccinated flocks in china	14
third of the genome	14
m and n proteins	14
reflects virus tropism and	14
idexx ibv ab test	14
that the s protein	14
in vitro assembly of	14
unable to induce virus	14
amino acid differences in	14
ibv strains beaudette and	14
the formation of the	14
relationship between serotypes and	14
were closely related to	14
codon optimized s gene	14
ibv n protein was	14
drop in egg production	14
bronchitis virus based on	14
n or m proteins	14
glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis	14
as can be seen	14
coronavirus spike proteins to	14
was calculated using the	14
antigenic sites defined by	14
chickens were divided into	14
spike proteins to host	14
retaining spike glycopolypeptide s	14
h n and ibv	14
sequence analysis of a	14
the cek cells were	14
glycopolypeptide s but not	14
binding of avian coronavirus	14
avian coronavirus spike proteins	14
aim of this study	14
the trachea and kidneys	14
other parts of the	14
s avian infectious bronchitis	14
the mrna expression levels	14
phosphorylation of ibv n	14
virus is a determinant	14
evidence of recombination in	14
be involved in the	14
within the s subunit	14
in the ibv genome	14
monoclonal antibodies on the	14
proteins to host factors	14
daily for clinical signs	14
in the detection of	13
vero cells infected with	13
the ibv spike gene	13
indicates the emergence of	13
for min followed by	13
of estimating fifty per	13
of the infected chickens	13
the s glycoprotein is	13
infected with the recombinant	13
were submitted to the	13
has been detected in	13
bronchitis virus and the	13
be explained by the	13
and newcastle disease virus	13
isolates from china associated	13
h and l l	13
b type of infectious	13
infectious bronchitis in chickens	13
bronchitis virus induces protection	13
in the amount of	13
be one of the	13
for the generation of	13
was isolated from the	13
molecular characterization of sul	13
committee on taxonomy of	13
a receptor determinant for	13
were positive for ibv	13
the activation of caspase	13
of sul avian infectious	13
or m proteins of	13
m proteins of avian	13
a of the coronavirus	13
characterization of three infectious	13
of the b serotype	13
structural protein genes of	13
phylogenetic tree based on	13
is responsible for the	13
or absence of r	13
in the negative control	13
causes a highly contagious	13
belongs to the genus	13
were used to determine	13
using polymerase chain reaction	13
and genotypes based on	13
the cells were incubated	13
is likely to be	13
recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses	13
from the allantoic fluid	13
the s subunit gene	13
acute and highly contagious	13
these results indicate that	13
infectious bronchitis virus genetic	13
open reading frames a	13
virus isolation in embryonated	13
with proventriculus in vaccinated	13
that most of the	13
of a vaccine strain	13
total rna extracted from	13
the coronavirus mouse hepatitis	13
and the presence of	13
protein of the b	13
amino terminal sequencing of	13
associated with proventriculus in	13
and other birds coronavirus	13
pathogen free and commercial	13
reading frames a and	13
attenuated and inactivated vaccines	13
was performed with the	13
m and e proteins	13
gene of the isolate	13
it is important to	13
bronchitis virus in sweden	13
bronchitis virus in cultured	13
in order to evaluate	13
frames a and b	13
reaction and restriction fragment	13
there was no significant	13
evolution of infectious bronchitis	13
isolates of avian coronavirus	13
identification of avian pathogens	13
infectious bronchitis virus characterization	13
estimating fifty per cent	13
specific pathogen free and	13
df cells were transfected	13
identification of a new	13
by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies	13
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction	13
have shown that the	13
of the same serotype	13
of the severe acute	13
proventriculus in vaccinated chickens	13
based on the ma	13
compared with the control	13
to control the disease	13
of infection in the	13
we would like to	13
and amino acid sequences	13
on taxonomy of viruses	13
was performed using a	13
the s protein and	13
partial amino terminal sequencing	13
vaccination programme based on	13
genotype in the middle	13
approved the final manuscript	13
arg at the cleavage	13
of the replicase gene	13
strains beaudette and m	13
other birds coronavirus avian	13
within the helicase protein	13
did not result in	13
bronchitis virus a polyprotein	13
a final extension at	13
the ability of the	13
in the generation of	13
it is likely that	13
of the human coronavirus	13
of the hypervariable region	13
genotyping of infectious bronchitis	13
infectious bronchitis virus as	13
from china associated with	13
with wild type and	13
old spf chicken embryos	13
into s and s	13
when compared with the	13
h n and h	13
by western blot analysis	13
the sialic acid binding	13
s but not s	13
the case of the	13
analysis showed that the	13
on the ma and	13
the arkga p vaccine	13
recent years in china	13
china associated with proventriculus	13
with fetal bovine serum	13
a qx strain of	13
a significant increase in	13
the titer of ibv	13
epitopes on the s	13
characterization of sul avian	13
protein of avian coronavirus	13
sul avian infectious bronchitis	13
pcr was performed using	13
incubated for min at	13
bronchitis virus coronavirus ibv	13
protein of ibv and	13
l h and l	13
programme based on the	13
the growth kinetics of	13
serotypes and genotypes based	13
monolayers of vero cells	13
of ibv strains beaudette	13
birds coronavirus avian infectious	13
avian influenza h n	13
the ma and serotypes	13
genotype of avian infectious	13
glycoprotein but not the	13
but not the n	13
across the entire genome	13
ldl i p and	13
with ck ch ldl	13
n protein was detected	13
based on the sequence	13
all authors read and	13
by the use of	13
induction of protective immunity	13
the ts mutant s	13
new genotype in the	13
the ibv n protein	13
of a qx strain	13
type infectious bronchitis virus	13
experimental evidence of recombination	13
in the emergence of	12
at g for min	12
at an moi of	12
in a domain with	12
efficacy of an infectious	12
fifty per cent endpoints	12
n and h n	12
a vaccination programme based	12
low pathogenic avian influenza	12
old specific pathogen free	12
serves as a receptor	12
epidemiology of avian infectious	12
cycles of denaturation at	12
of influenza a viruses	12
selection of subpopulations and	12
the recombinant n protein	12
at least in part	12
isolates in southern china	12
virus is not essential	12
ch ldl i in	12
virus s gene sequence	12
the growth properties of	12
that there were no	12
with the recombinant ibvs	12
may be related to	12
isolates from china and	12
were observed daily for	12
different strains of ibv	12
the isolation and identification	12
the generation of recombinant	12
region of the coronavirus	12
variant of infectious bronchitis	12
of open reading frames	12
genetically closely related to	12
the spike glycoprotein of	12
variation in the spike	12
was amplified by rt	12
in ovo cpg odn	12
in the kidneys of	12
to be associated with	12
bronchitis attenuated live vaccines	12
has been isolated from	12
pcr products were sequenced	12
results suggest that the	12
nanning jx jx jx	12
variant serotypes of infectious	12
estimating fifty percent endpoints	12
unknown antigenic epitopes on	12
the b serotype of	12
p and p were	12
sites defined by neutralizing	12
is closely related to	12
within the massachusetts serotype	12
n proteins of avian	12
identification of previously unknown	12
the protection conferred by	12
to determine whether the	12
in egg production and	12
terminal sequencing of spike	12
neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on	12
virulent ibv strain mass	12
and tissue tropism of	12
not the n or	12
were washed three times	12
in vivo and in	12
in the online version	12
of the recombinant ibvs	12
of science and technology	12
a new serotype of	12
in chickens and embryonated	12
chickens and embryonated eggs	12
has been identified in	12
in chickens immunized with	12
ibv strains in the	12
cells were incubated at	12
the use of chicken	12
eggs were incubated at	12
bronchitis virus detection of	12
during alternate passage in	12
signs were observed in	12
and the allantoic fluid	12
in southern china during	12
eggs via the allantoic	12
in the phylogenetic tree	12
nor the proteins of	12
mutation in a domain	12
infectious bronchitis virus for	12
protection induced by a	12
infectious bronchitis virus identification	12
protection against challenge with	12
s and s proteins	12
epitope within the s	12
infectious bronchitis attenuated live	12
evaluation of the protection	12
avian coronavirus spike protein	12
may be due to	12
ibv belongs to the	12
fusion activity of the	12
immunized with rndv expressing	12
chicken embryo kidney cells	12
the s protein genes	12
for the diagnosis of	12
were fixed and labelled	12
were considered significant at	12
was higher than that	12
virus and the extent	12
bronchitis virus in china	12
the possibility that the	12
i p and p	12
live vaccines undergo selection	12
induced by a vaccination	12
it was shown that	12
the allantoic fluid of	12
sequence variation in the	12
the most commonly used	12
of the ibv n	12
the rna nor the	12
antigenic epitopes on the	12
recombination within the massachusetts	12
the expression levels of	12
cleaved into s and	12
infectious bronchitis viruses with	12
in the form of	12
in the spike glycoprotein	12
than those in the	12
the spike gene of	12
the limit of detection	12
incubated at room temperature	12
evolution and emergence of	12
the cells were washed	12
of the most important	12
better understanding of the	12
on infectious bronchitis virus	12
the results of this	12
the n or m	12
and cd t lymphocytes	12
variant infectious bronchitis virus	12
with that of the	12
was calculated according to	12
in tracheal organ cultures	12
s glycoprotein of infectious	12
had no effect on	12
infected or infected with	12
and h of storage	12
of the structural proteins	12
neither the rna nor	12
of previously unknown antigenic	12
subpopulations and mutations following	12
rapid diagnosis of avian	12
amino acids involved in	12
the ibv n gene	12
of the negative control	12
passage in chickens and	12
protection of chickens against	12
coronavirus infectious bronchitis attenuated	12
with rndv expressing codon	12
epizootiology of avian infectious	12
molecular epizootiology of avian	12
a reverse genetics system	12
t lymphocytes are critical	12
the field and during	12
chickens of all ages	12
vaccines undergo selection of	12
is lethal to the	12
showed the presence of	12
of subpopulations and mutations	12
innate and adaptive immune	12
and mutations following vaccination	12
in the regulation of	12
bronchitis virus characterization of	12
is known to be	12
field and during alternate	12
the amino acid differences	12
and during alternate passage	12
rna nor the proteins	12
the entire genome of	12
the international committee on	12
for rapid diagnosis of	12
cells were maintained in	12
the chickens in the	12
the aim of this	12
strain of ibv was	12
the l h chickens	12
a single amino acid	12
the origin of the	12
analyzed by western blot	12
attenuated live vaccines undergo	12
analysis of the b	12
of the chickens in	12
be related to the	12
the viral genomic rna	12
of strain ck ch	12
response to ibv infection	12
lymphocytes are critical in	12
the complete genome sequences	12
undergo selection of subpopulations	12
previously unknown antigenic epitopes	12
it is possible to	12
and n genes were	12
defined by neutralizing monoclonal	12
identifies the sequence arg	12
for min and then	12
against challenge with infectious	12
polymerase chain reaction survey	12
alternate passage in chickens	12
the complete genomes of	12
to mouse hepatitis virus	12
protective efficacy of rndv	12
virion assembly and budding	12
by a vaccination programme	12
chickens immunized with rndv	12
in the genome of	11
acids involved in a	11
is not required for	11
commercial layer and broiler	11
a domain with undefined	11
cells were fixed with	11
analysis of s gene	11
at the amino acid	11
were similar to those	11
from the genbank database	11
is not clear whether	11
in neutral buffered formalin	11
epidemiology and evolution of	11
chickens infected with the	11
a high proportion of	11
as a vaccine vector	11
strains were isolated from	11
in the beaudette strain	11
terminal domain of the	11
subunit of avian infectious	11
infectious bronchitis virus isolation	11
the in ovo cpg	11
supplemented with fetal bovine	11
orfs a and b	11
viral rna in the	11
order to evaluate the	11
egg production and quality	11
extracted from allantoic fluid	11
regard to jurisdictional claims	11
s subunit of avian	11
in the hypervariable region	11
most closely related to	11
the present study was	11
highly contagious disease of	11
coronaviruses of domestic fowl	11
epizootiology of infectious bronchitis	11
national center for biotechnology	11
detected by western blot	11
gene sequences of the	11
the ibv e and	11
in the same way	11
in the tracheas of	11
isolation and assay of	11
different regions of the	11
the detection of antibodies	11
involved in a serotype	11
in the trachea of	11
cells by avian infectious	11
infectious bronchitis virus of	11
of field isolates of	11
virus infection in chickens	11
remains neutral with regard	11
the use of live	11
and incubated for min	11
according to the instructions	11
was performed according to	11
the s gene is	11
emergence of new ibv	11
percentages of cd and	11
virus are essential for	11
analysis of the nucleotide	11
was similar to that	11
bronchitis virus location of	11
virus replication in the	11
with the use of	11
to jurisdictional claims in	11
of amino acids involved	11
were inoculated into the	11
at weeks of age	11
a major role in	11
proline mutation in a	11
d d d d	11
mock infected or infected	11
observed in cells expressing	11
was considered to be	11
the complete genomic sequences	11
bronchitis virus strains in	11
the genetic diversity of	11
the dub activity of	11
functions within the helicase	11
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus	11
data were analyzed using	11
way analysis of variance	11
sequencing of spike polypeptide	11
spf chickens were divided	11
infectious bronchitis virus replication	11
lesions in the trachea	11
of total cd cells	11
of the coronavirus ibv	11
virus isolated from commercial	11
can be used for	11
development of attenuated vaccines	11
infectious bronchitis virus location	11
of rndv expressing codon	11
for recombination within the	11
the entire s gene	11
swabs were collected from	11
with regard to jurisdictional	11
it is well known	11
by the method of	11
influenza a and b	11
related to coronaviruses of	11
of a novel live	11
used to identify the	11
identification of amino acids	11
the exception of the	11
variations in the s	11
in any of the	11
evidence for recombination within	11
end of the leader	11
of ibv h strain	11
of transmissible gastroenteritis virus	11
infected with ibv strain	11
has been reported to	11
live attenuated vaccines against	11
the proteins of open	11
found in samples from	11
cleavage sites of the	11
the gene encoding the	11
lethal to the coronavirus	11
coronavirus defective interfering rna	11
between sequence variation in	11
s gene sequences of	11
emergence of a novel	11
of the s spike	11
in coronavirus infectious bronchitis	11
gene of ibv strain	11
infectious bronchitis vaccines against	11
vivo and in vitro	11
and b of the	11
it was observed that	11
of the pathogenesis of	11
for the detection and	11
field isolates of infectious	11
of the viral rna	11
bronchitis coronavirus from domestic	11
mixture was incubated at	11
american type culture collection	11
and infectious bursal disease	11
in a final volume	11
a novel nephropathogenic infectious	11
high frequency of recombination	11
the amount of virus	11
inoculated eggs were incubated	11
spike protein of avian	11
of the e l	11
in chicken embryo kidney	11
were mock infected or	11
the s gene sequence	11
evolution of avian infectious	11
the cells were then	11
for the synthesis of	11
cytoplasmic tail of ibv	11
is thought to be	11
layer and broiler chickens	11
neutral with regard to	11
at dpi and dpi	11
circulating ibv strains in	11
detection of avian infectious	11
rna recombination in the	11
to play a role	11
of rndv expressing s	11
in spite of the	11
complete genomic sequences of	11
at the beginning of	11
in chickens vaccinated with	11
as a loading control	11
the avian coronavirus spike	11
was lower than that	11
the pathogenicity of ibv	11
a nephropathogenic strain of	11
relationship between sequence variation	11
of vaccines used in	11
the s gene from	11
rna replication and transcription	11
of the ibv s	11
in a serotype and	11
the detection limit of	11
as a consequence of	11
of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus	11
carried out using the	11
the chickens infected with	11
of the protection conferred	11
rna was detected in	11
characterization of the coronavirus	11
from china and southeast	11
characterization of the spike	11
expressing s protein of	11
in the spike gene	11
were approved by the	11
deposited in the genbank	11
of murine hepatitis virus	11
may be involved in	11
jurisdictional claims in published	11
test was used to	11
plates were infected with	11
have been identified in	11
and phylogenetic analysis of	11
coronavirus from domestic peafowl	11
virus strain as a	11
localization of ibv m	11
be detected in the	11
old spf chicken eggs	11
qiaquick gel extraction kit	11
of the coronavirus mouse	11
been shown that the	11
are genetically closely related	11
were used for each	11
effects of infectious bronchitis	11
were infected with the	11
center for biotechnology information	11
the length of the	11
detection of antibodies against	11
china and southeast asia	11
s or s protein	11
tree based on the	11
the five chinese ibv	11
by targeted rna recombination	11
infectious bronchitis in russia	11
of feline infectious peritonitis	11
rna recombination of murine	11
the partial s gene	11
novel genotype of avian	11
is well known that	11
proteins of open reading	11
protein of ibv in	11
proteolytic processing of the	11
bronchitis virus strain as	11
mouse hepatitis virus a	11
of a novel nephropathogenic	11
bronchitis virus strains isolated	11
apparently new respiratory disease	11
bronchitis virus are essential	11
animal care and use	11
and characterization of the	11
recombination of murine coronaviruses	11
comparable to that of	11
no virus was detected	11
to the coronavirus infectious	11
to coronaviruses of domestic	11
closely related to coronaviruses	11
a large number of	11
bronchitis virus in israel	11
number of amino acid	11
classical and novel ibvs	11
the s protein has	11
on ice for min	11
of the leader rna	11
infectious bronchitis coronavirus from	11
primers used in this	11
deduced amino acid sequence	11
circulating in the field	11
specific epitope within the	11
is considered to be	11
an increase in the	11
of the ibv strain	11
tracheal organ cultures for	11
the mrna levels of	11
s identifies the sequence	11
of a coronavirus from	11
bronchitis viruses in taiwan	11
are located in the	11
types of infectious bronchitis	11
genome sequence of the	10
that the s gene	10
the prevention and control	10
bronchitis virus identification of	10
and then incubated with	10
of influenza a virus	10
pathogenic and attenuated viruses	10
to determine if the	10
phylogenetic analysis of avian	10
new respiratory disease of	10
from chickens infected with	10
of virus in the	10
the kidneys of the	10
or infected with ibv	10
on the sequence of	10
virus in sweden indicating	10
defective interfering rna replication	10
terminal half of the	10
was not detected in	10
infectious bronchitis virus evolutionary	10
of the tracheal epithelium	10
structural characterization of the	10
of the complete genome	10
of an avian infectious	10
live attenuated and inactivated	10
by open reading frame	10
or s protein of	10
there were no significant	10
molecular characterization of ibv	10
has been suggested that	10
calculated using the method	10
the leader rna and	10
cleaved into two subunits	10
considered significant at p	10
sequences of infectious bronchitis	10
with undefined functions within	10
as shown in figure	10
polypeptide s identifies the	10
results indicate that the	10
serotypes of the virus	10
the murine coronavirus mhv	10
rna was extracted using	10
organ cultures for the	10
domain with undefined functions	10
bp fragment of the	10
the ability of ibv	10
use of chicken tracheal	10
load in the trachea	10
in the development of	10
the total number of	10
at day of age	10
the ectodomain of the	10
in sweden indicating the	10
with the ck ch	10
divided into three groups	10
the differences in the	10
of the in vitro	10
in the di rna	10
from commercial layer and	10
the isolation and assay	10
at and h post	10
significant difference between the	10
according to the standard	10
the structural proteins of	10
h n influenza virus	10
strains used in this	10
virus in great britain	10
the development of vaccines	10
the central nervous system	10
may be responsible for	10
and gross lesions were	10
variant infectious bronchitis viruses	10
the function of the	10
in agreement with the	10
s gene sequence analysis	10
was constructed using the	10
region of infectious bronchitis	10
the upper respiratory tract	10
development and validation of	10
the s region of	10
a recombinant vaccinia virus	10
it has been suggested	10
in tracheal samples from	10
spike polypeptide s identifies	10
the complete genome sequence	10
of recombination in coronavirus	10
in accordance with the	10
the predicted amino acid	10
and pathogenicity of a	10
was first isolated in	10
were cloned into the	10
due to the high	10
is involved in the	10
the genome of ibv	10
the de strain of	10
detection of antibodies to	10
ibv infection in the	10
the chimaeric s gene	10
clinical signs and gross	10
the relationship between the	10
in the order nidovirales	10
virus strains isolated in	10
nucleotide sequences of s	10
complete nucleotide sequence of	10
ch lsd i and	10
in vaccinated challenged birds	10
was performed as described	10
primarily in the respiratory	10
for mouse hepatitis virus	10
at all collection times	10
differentiation of infectious bronchitis	10
and adaptive immune responses	10
the poultry industry in	10
member of the genus	10
the largest rna virus	10
spf chicken embryonated eggs	10
proteinase domain encoded by	10
the basis of the	10
treated with sodium arsenite	10
encoded by open reading	10
end of the viral	10
isolated from commercial layer	10
cd and cd cd	10
neutralization specific epitope within	10
of the genome and	10
to the cell surface	10
de groot et al	10
highly contagious respiratory disease	10
the ibv strain ck	10
into the vaccinia virus	10
have been associated with	10
strains of the virus	10
play important roles in	10
in the loss of	10
fusion activity of s	10
transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail	10
were located in the	10
data are expressed as	10
the recombinant s protein	10
the recombination detection program	10
the isolate sc was	10
of the beaudette strain	10
the rough endoplasmic reticulum	10
the l l chickens	10
five chinese ibv isolates	10
virus field isolates from	10
of amino acid changes	10
with respect to the	10
and ck ch lln	10
s and s genes	10
college of veterinary medicine	10
and assay of avian	10
respiratory disease in chickens	10
vero cells were cultured	10
has been associated with	10
in different parts of	10
and cytoplasmic tail of	10
protection against ibv infection	10
recombinant newcastle disease virus	10
hypervariable region in the	10
for h at c	10
a serotype and neutralization	10
pcr was carried out	10
genotypes of infectious bronchitis	10
largest rna virus genome	10
the same way as	10
the experiment was repeated	10
against the ck ch	10
the emergence of the	10
bronchitis virus in great	10
changes in the spike	10
cells infected with ibv	10
serotype and neutralization specific	10
arkga p vaccine candidate	10
the remainder of the	10
were considered to be	10
sialic acid binding activity	10
molecular epizootiology of infectious	10
commercial live attenuated ibv	10
s region of the	10
molecular epidemiology of avian	10
and cloned into the	10
strand cdna synthesis kit	10
respiratory disease of chickens	10
recombination in coronavirus infectious	10
an apparently new respiratory	10
pcr products were cloned	10
molecular and antigenic characteristics	10
challenged birds had significantly	10
s protein gene of	10
compared to the control	10
circulating in the middle	10
wild type and mutant	10
significant increase in the	10
sweden indicating the involvement	10
undefined functions within the	10
group challenged with ibv	10
of a novel genotype	10
amino acid sequence analysis	10
and cd cd t	10
authors declare no conflict	10
primary chicken kidney cells	10
in birds treated with	10
has been identified as	10
with those of other	10
using the megalign program	10
viruses isolated from broiler	10
well plates were infected	10
pcr products were analyzed	10
surface of the virion	10
were analyzed by sds	10
novel genotype of infectious	10
in the course of	10
encoded by orf a	10
were examined daily for	10
with those of the	10
a significant reduction in	10
two thirds of the	10
live or inactivated ibv	10
length infectious cdna of	10
indicating the involvement of	10
the identity of the	10
of the presence of	10
the presence of virus	10
have been reported to	10
in the amino acid	10
linked immunosorbent assay for	10
infectious bronchitis virus infecting	10
involvement of a vaccine	10
avian influenza virus and	10
by commercial vaccines and	10
polyproteins a and ab	10
of chicken tracheal organ	10
comparison of the s	10
optimized s gene of	10
and neutralization specific epitope	10
is based on the	10
china genetic diversity of	10
are involved in the	10
the spike glycoprotein gene	10
in vero cells and	10
between the m and	10
specified by the coronavirus	10
the beginning of the	10
prevention and control of	10
the involvement of a	10
of ibv isolates in	10
to be able to	10
is possible that the	10
like avian infectious bronchitis	10
were provided ad libitum	10
lsd i and ck	10
with an isolate of	10
and characterization of avian	10
at days after challenge	10
declare no conflict of	10
it is believed that	10
provide complete protection against	9
during the host response	9
responses to structural proteins	9
the pcr product was	9
immune responses to structural	9
virus in the trachea	9
by cycles of denaturation	9
chickens infected with ibv	9
eggs inoculated with the	9
assay of avian infectious	9
was observed between the	9
in wild bird populations	9
the mutant s protein	9
the complete spike gene	9
b serotype of infectious	9
against infectious bronchitis in	9
was used to identify	9
bronchitis viruses circulating in	9
and water were provided	9
of molecular epidemiology of	9
in the cytoplasm of	9
clinical signs of disease	9
and efficacy of a	9
of spike polypeptide s	9
cd t lymphocytes in	9
the nucleotide and deduced	9
and identification of a	9
infectious bronchitis virus comparative	9
for attachment in the	9
a and pp ab	9
acids critical for attachment	9
n genes of the	9
by one way anova	9
as well as a	9
with ibv at a	9
ovo cpg odn pre	9
chickens avian infectious bronchitis	9
was the predominant genotype	9
the primers used in	9
birds treated with cy	9
agent of infectious bronchitis	9
de haan et al	9
differences were considered significant	9
among avian coronavirus ibv	9
of infectious bursal disease	9
were purified from agarose	9
sequence comparison of the	9
was determined by the	9
ibv genome loads in	9
the mixture was incubated	9
the effects of pdmp	9
virus isolated in japan	9
region of the n	9
calculated based on the	9
of complete genome sequences	9
order to determine the	9
higher than those in	9
interaction between madp and	9
responsible for the attenuation	9
mass strain of ibv	9
used to evaluate the	9
the in vitro assembly	9
antigenic characteristics of massachusetts	9
analysis was used to	9
products were purified from	9
detected in cells infected	9
strains ck ch lnm	9
of the epithelial cells	9
the severity scores of	9
critical for attachment in	9
proteinase and determination of	9
in the cecal tonsils	9
no conflicts of interest	9
with the increase of	9
the activation of the	9
of the subgenomic mrnas	9
a final concentration of	9
cells were mock infected	9
is a class i	9
confluent monolayers of vero	9
it should be noted	9
for the poultry industry	9
growth kinetics of the	9
were transfected with plasmids	9
isolation in embryonated eggs	9
sialic acid is a	9
from taiwanese infectious bronchitis	9
vaccines from taiwanese infectious	9
of attenuated vaccines from	9
bronchitis virus strain m	9
were used as a	9
biology and pathogenesis of	9
of the virus was	9
and n gene sequences	9
in the number of	9
at different time points	9
genetic variations in the	9
of cells expressing the	9
for infection of cells	9
genomic characterization of the	9
the genbank database and	9
attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines	9
different from that of	9
infected with ibv for	9
of rna recombination in	9
the effects of the	9
viral rna mini kit	9
recombination events in the	9
growth properties of the	9
that the n protein	9
four major structural proteins	9
the first time in	9
bacteriophage t rna polymerase	9
purified from agarose gels	9
nuclei were stained with	9
was inoculated into the	9
vaccine and field strains	9
showed that there were	9
amino acid sequence similarity	9
in epithelial cells of	9
the control group were	9
and incubated for h	9
the m protein of	9
and analyzed by western	9
from each of the	9
response to infectious bronchitis	9
as a positive control	9
and ck ch lsc	9
an enterotropic strain of	9
is associated with the	9
the membrane was incubated	9
open reading frame is	9
the a b polyprotein	9
allantoic fluids were harvested	9
pp a and pp	9
were isolated from the	9
bronchitis virus serotypes using	9
coronavirus spike protein is	9
analysis of the complete	9
conferred by commercial vaccines	9
dose of virulent ibv	9
of protection of the	9
are expressed as the	9
was also observed in	9
to be present in	9
for the formation of	9
overlapping open reading frames	9
with severe acute respiratory	9
protein was detected in	9
of enteric viruses in	9
of ck ch lln	9
and characterization of novel	9
serotypes using polymerase chain	9
the pathogenesis of the	9
infectious bronchitis virus type	9
protection of the respiratory	9
was fused to the	9
nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses	9
comparative analysis of the	9
ibv replication in the	9
tail of ibv e	9
relative mrna expression levels	9
vero cells were mock	9
and is responsible for	9
food and water were	9
of new ibv variants	9
the nucleotide sequence of	9
sites of the c	9
in the range of	9
sequences were aligned using	9
phylogenetic analysis showed that	9
no significant difference was	9
pcr was performed with	9
the vaccine strain h	9
attenuated vaccines from taiwanese	9
viral rna was detected	9
studies are required to	9
mutants of mouse hepatitis	9
not essential for viral	9
analysis of molecular epidemiology	9
and its role in	9
vaccines against challenge with	9
the n protein was	9
region of the a	9
peripheral blood mononuclear cells	9
the s subunit is	9
implications of genetic variations	9
of the ibv cdna	9
structure and function of	9
a high frequency of	9
immune responses in the	9
n group on dpi	9
phylogenetic tree of the	9
is required for efficient	9
western blot with anti	9
to the presence of	9
commercial vaccines and attenuated	9
presence of infectious bronchitis	9
on avian infectious bronchitis	9
blot analysis of the	9
newcastle disease virus and	9
best of our knowledge	9
products were cloned into	9
carried out as described	9
identified in this report	9
further characterization of the	9
and amino acids critical	9
bronchitis viruses isolated during	9
molecular epidemiology and evolution	9
pcr for the detection	9
domain and amino acids	9
between the i isolate	9
distribution of avian infectious	9
infected with tcid ibv	9
or inactivated ibv vaccine	9
showed that the ibv	9
the induction of neutralizing	9
analysis was performed using	9
the tree was constructed	9
viruses in broiler flocks	9
protein of severe acute	9
previous studies have shown	9
membrane rearrangements induced by	9
the m protein is	9
in china in recent	9
gene of avian infectious	9
water were provided ad	9
of the m gene	9
evolutionary implications of genetic	9
the phylogenetic analysis of	9
subunit of the s	9
the first report on	9
of genetic variations in	9
with live or inactivated	9
chicken macrophage hd cells	9
identification and molecular characterization	9
is also possible that	9
the ck ch lhlj	9
acid sequence of the	9
with an enterotropic strain	9
we have demonstrated that	9
probably due to the	9
attachment in the spike	9
virus strain ck ch	9
and functional characterization of	9
have been submitted to	9
by the finding that	9
rh and rh scs	9
protection conferred by commercial	9
have no conflict of	9
the primers and probe	9
showed the detection of	9
bronchitis virus s glycoprotein	9
is an acute and	9
of e l and	9
of the h vaccine	9
was performed in a	9
cultures for the isolation	9
in the epithelial cells	9
of a recombinant avian	9
vaccinated challenged birds had	9
an equal volume of	9
the fact that the	9
in l h chickens	9
novel infectious bronchitis virus	9
with a dose of	9
n gene and the	9
of massachusetts genotype infectious	9
the best of our	9
of ibv on the	9
birds from each group	9
the ibv mass virus	9
identification of infectious bronchitis	9
infectious bronchitis viruses circulating	9
and amino acid identity	9
ldl i in the	9
end of the n	9
bronchitis virus strain ck	9
fragment length polymorphism analysis	9
bronchitis virus of chickens	9
and labelled with anti	9
these results indicated that	9
reverse genetic system for	9
and drafted the manuscript	9
to bind to the	9
the national center for	9
a wide variety of	9
infectious bronchitis virus vaccination	9
crystal structure of the	9
were positive for the	9
was found in samples	9
like proteinase and determination	9
with ibv b isolate	9
study was supported by	9
ibv n protein and	9
with ibv a isolate	9
was significantly higher than	9
of a murine coronavirus	9
have the potential to	9
it is also possible	9
the structure of the	9
massachusetts genotype infectious bronchitis	9
development of vaccines against	9
year analysis of molecular	9
infectious bronchitis virus m	9
a and a b	9
broiler chicken farms in	9
were carried out in	9
ibv n gene and	9
of the core structure	9
lead to the emergence	9
results of this study	9
the human coronavirus e	9
to the best of	9
studies are needed to	9
based on analysis of	9
one way anova with	9
to structural proteins of	9
s gene of qy	9
infectious bronchitis virus e	9
analysis of the full	9
taiwanese infectious bronchitis virus	9
complete genomic sequence of	9
the payip d mutant	9
by the presence of	9
infectious bronchitis virus b	9
virus serotypes using polymerase	9
bronchitis virus nucleocapsid protein	9
and determination of its	9
be associated with the	9
of the five chinese	9
new variant of ibv	9
amino acids critical for	9
with the control group	9
bronchitis virus as a	9
trachea and kidney were	9
use of live attenuated	9
attenuation of avian infectious	9
the morbidity and mortality	9
to be the most	9
which was consistent with	9
of the helicase protein	9
were able to detect	9
replicates primarily in the	9
virus genome as an	9
of the number of	9
the positively selected sites	9
expressing the s protein	9
have been isolated from	9
in cells expressing the	9
characteristics of massachusetts genotype	9
shedding of virulent ibv	9
for the treatment of	9
gray and jmk strains	9
peplomer protein of infectious	9
as a receptor determinant	9
and evolution of avian	9
virus isolated in china	9
divided into groups of	9
caused by infectious bronchitis	9
in europe genetically related	8
encodes four structural proteins	8
bronchitis virus evidence of	8
it is noteworthy that	8
the innate immune response	8
from turkey poults in	8
were washed with pbs	8
were infected with a	8
reed and muench method	8
bronchitis virus and escherichia	8
performed as previously described	8
infectious bronchitis virus ga	8
were calculated according to	8
europe genetically related to	8
in terms of the	8
and variant infectious bronchitis	8
was present in the	8
evaluate the efficacy of	8
the e glycoprotein of	8
similar to each other	8
are summarized in table	8
african green monkey kidney	8
binding domain and amino	8
of ibv and ndv	8
a novel coronavirus from	8
sequence of s gene	8
vaccines used in china	8
the synthesis of the	8
objective of this study	8
for viral rna synthesis	8
to the results of	8
with infectious bronchitis viruses	8
microarray for rapid diagnosis	8
gene characteristics of vaccines	8
by recombination among avian	8
vector pfastbac tm dual	8
ibv infected cek cells	8
domestic fowl in great	8
ibv n protein in	8
n gene sequences of	8
sub cloned into the	8
against virulent ibv challenge	8
was carried out as	8
no significant differences were	8
strains of ibv have	8
the mechanism of rna	8
was cloned into the	8
swedish isolates from to	8
expression levels of ibv	8
and jmk strains of	8
are present in the	8
severe economic losses in	8
ck ch lnm and	8
the location of the	8
de strain of infectious	8
infectious bronchitis virus attenuated	8
genomic sequences of the	8
nucleocapsid protein of severe	8
strain as a candidate	8
in the infected cells	8
in the family coronaviridae	8
the virus has been	8
ibv in preventing shedding	8
the generation of new	8
of the birds were	8
is mediated by the	8
is more closely related	8
lack of correlation between	8
this study was supported	8
those in the rhbm	8
infectious bronchitis viruses from	8
the interaction between madp	8
protein is a class	8
precursor propolypeptide of ibv	8
bronchitis virus with a	8
at and days post	8
apoptosis induced by the	8
nephropathogenic avian infectious bronchitis	8
of the nucleocapsid protein	8
were also detected in	8
of spike glycopolypeptide s	8
any of the other	8
the ibv e protein	8
and by early vaccination	8
in mouse hepatitis virus	8
as evidenced by the	8
lnm and ck ch	8
were performed with the	8
a open reading frame	8
to the adaptation of	8
in this study we	8
turkey poults in europe	8
viruses isolated in china	8
oleoresins and essential oils	8
a significant difference between	8
in gene of the	8
ml of the virus	8
were the same as	8
evolutionary genetics analysis version	8
also been shown to	8
and s genes of	8
to the golgi complex	8
care and use committee	8
der most et al	8
enterotropic strain of infectious	8
up to days post	8
in chickens inoculated with	8
the significance of the	8
characterization and analysis of	8
the epithelial cells of	8
related to infectious bronchitis	8
i in the middle	8
the immune response to	8
coronaviruses as the gene	8
antibodies to infectious bronchitis	8
virus ga serotype vaccine	8
retention in the golgi	8
of the primers used	8
virus and escherichia coli	8
cd cd and cd	8
of ibv in preventing	8
the hypervariable region in	8
viruses of heterologous serotypes	8
the use of a	8
sequences were analyzed using	8
porcine reproductive and respiratory	8
in this study and	8
the s gene were	8
monoclonal antibodies to the	8
attenuated heterologous isolates in	8
the integrity of the	8
has also been shown	8
to the plasma membrane	8
isolated from recent outbreaks	8
for detection of ibv	8
for the expression of	8
bronchitis viruses demonstrate that	8
mmessage mmachine t kit	8
changes responsible for the	8
and sequencing of genes	8
regions of the genome	8
in response to ibv	8
have been found to	8
is located in the	8
are responsible for the	8
of the b gene	8
bronchitis virus isolation of	8
of ck ch lhlj	8
bronchitis viruses of heterologous	8
a phylogenetic tree was	8
of the viral replication	8
results confirmed that the	8
dhinakar raj and jones	8
bronchitis virus attenuated vaccine	8
heterologous isolates in china	8
the ct value of	8
the ibv beaudette strain	8
region in the s	8
immediately downstream of the	8
of the nucleocapsid genes	8
of the polymerase gene	8
of new ibv strains	8
antibodies and by early	8
tract provided by different	8
academy of agricultural sciences	8
frame is not essential	8
could be detected in	8
like proteinase domain encoded	8
and inactivated h groups	8
s subunit of s	8
was also detected in	8
essential for viral replication	8
field isolates from the	8
with the beaudette strain	8
chicken eggs via the	8
strains from different pathological	8
to each well and	8
molecular characterization of major	8
reverse transcription was performed	8
of the dead chickens	8
detection of a coronavirus	8
china against the ck	8
natural recombination in the	8
viruses currently circulating in	8
of the s and	8
plates were incubated at	8
urea abolishes infectivity and	8
removal of spike glycopolypeptide	8
error of the mean	8
this region of the	8
and highly contagious disease	8
were incubated with the	8
to evaluate the efficacy	8
is similar to the	8
encoding structural proteins of	8
a nested set of	8
indicate statistically significant differences	8
variant of ibv in	8
maternally derived antibodies and	8
ibv ab test kit	8
of cystic oviducts and	8
determination of its cleavage	8
bronchitis virus by direct	8
and identification of glandular	8
of a number of	8
a coronavirus from turkey	8
the respiratory tract provided	8
nature remains neutral with	8
predicted amino acid sequences	8
and influenza c virus	8
samples were positive for	8
of vaccination against heterologous	8
virus by direct automated	8
but not attachment to	8
expression of s protein	8
maps and institutional affiliations	8
and r l mutant	8
of the genome encodes	8
virulent avian infectious bronchitis	8
performed according to the	8
released into the supernatant	8
on a agarose gel	8
a novel genomic organization	8
may contribute to the	8
region of s gene	8
infectious bronchitis viruses demonstrate	8
the newly identified ibv	8
type avian infectious bronchitis	8
of the coronaviridae family	8
the role of the	8
to be a recombinant	8
of ibv strains in	8
intranasal and ocular routes	8
infection with infectious bronchitis	8
with a truncated b	8