bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
blood donors	1185
hbv dna	858
blood transfusion	856
chronic hepatitis	675
whole blood	666
hbv infection	640
blood donation	603
red blood	598
blood components	583
study design	543
blood products	526
blood group	498
summary conclusions	494
case studies	488
red cell	484
background case	481
virus infection	467
liver failure	454
blood bank	433
breast milk	404
blood cells	394
design method	390
results finding	375
transfusion medicine	354
blood donor	323
red cells	310
blood cell	304
hepatocellular carcinoma	277
liver disease	261
platelet concentrates	253
nucleic acid	252
iu ml	246
viral load	246
transfusion reactions	245
immune response	243
control group	240
significantly higher	237
copies ml	229
significant difference	228
united states	226
adverse events	226
blood banks	218
transfusion service	214
platelet count	210
blood supply	209
blood donations	206
immune responses	205
immunodeficiency virus	202
human immunodeficiency	201
pregnant women	198
blood units	196
flow cytometry	195
risk factors	194
influenza virus	194
blood samples	192
blood collection	192
chronic hbv	190
hcv rna	186
blood center	184
two groups	183
infectious diseases	181
hcv infection	181
ng ml	180
stem cell	174
viral replication	172
antiviral therapy	172
virus replication	172
blood safety	169
time pcr	166
liver transplantation	166
hbv replication	166
quality control	164
surface antigen	164
blood product	164
gene expression	163
performed using	163
bone marrow	160
statistically significant	157
chronic liver	154
mg dl	153
viral infections	152
virus type	152
peripheral blood	152
renal failure	150
heat shock	150
clinical trials	149
liver cirrhosis	147
results findings	144
blood services	141
west nile	140
viral dna	140
design methods	138
bacterial contamination	137
transfusion services	137
hepg cells	136
liver function	135
infected patients	132
blood component	132
clinically significant	132
viral infection	130
rbc units	128
side effects	126
amino acid	124
chb patients	124
cell line	123
first time	123
clinical practice	122
acute respiratory	121
national blood	121
nile virus	121
donor selection	121
viral hepatitis	120
infected cells	120
antibody screening	119
blood centers	119
dengue virus	119
blood service	118
hiv infection	118
cell lines	117
autologous blood	115
patients receiving	115
severe hepatitis	114
antiglobulin test	114
significant differences	114
viral rna	113
immune system	112
shock protein	112
liver injury	112
dna levels	111
severe acute	111
mg kg	111
red cross	111
room temperature	110
positive samples	110
respiratory syndrome	109
patients undergoing	108
antiviral activity	108
platelet transfusion	108
frozen plasma	108
present study	107
cell responses	107
positive results	107
health care	106
years old	106
adverse reactions	105
mean age	105
blood loss	105
liver biopsy	105
blood groups	103
public health	102
university hospital	102
important role	102
rbc transfusion	102
cell culture	100
increased risk	100
may also	100
dna level	98
antiviral drugs	98
combination therapy	98
intensive care	97
fresh frozen	97
high risk	96
positive patients	96
core protein	96
patients treated	95
type i	95
serum hbv	94
pg ml	94
risk factor	93
recent years	92
liver diseases	92
per year	92
factor viii	91
western blot	91
viral proteins	90
transfusion practice	90
medical center	89
blood volume	89
patients received	89
antiviral treatment	89
class i	89
stem cells	88
specific antibodies	88
cardiac surgery	87
cd cells	87
drug resistance	87
transfusion reaction	86
cord blood	86
cell surface	86
total number	86
antibody screen	85
sickle cell	85
general population	85
blood transfusions	84
herpes simplex	84
transfusion therapy	84
pathogen inactivation	83
plasma samples	83
blood pressure	83
female donors	83
chain reaction	83
amino acids	83
acute liver	83
safe blood	83
time donors	82
one patient	81
monoclonal antibody	80
group system	80
polymerase chain	79
hbv genome	79
massive transfusion	79
significantly increased	79
doc id	79
voluntary blood	79
cord uid	79
na seo	79
host cells	78
informed consent	78
hemorrhagic fever	78
high level	78
donate blood	77
infectious disease	77
year old	77
significantly lower	77
body weight	77
mg ml	76
dna polymerase	76
disease progression	76
donated blood	75
blood banking	75
staphylococcus aureus	74
last years	74
buffy coat	74
hemolytic transfusion	74
monoclonal antibodies	74
commercially available	74
life cycle	74
transfusion safety	73
antibody identification	73
genomic dna	73
viral protein	73
direct antiglobulin	72
age group	72
antigen expression	71
pathogen reduction	71
simplex virus	71
rna viruses	70
ebola virus	70
cfu ml	70
virus infections	70
donor screening	70
nucleic acids	70
least one	69
previous studies	69
vertical transmission	69
high prevalence	69
yellow fever	69
acute renal	69
innate immune	69
rhd gene	68
window period	68
world health	68
hepatic encephalopathy	68
cd cd	68
human hepatitis	68
envelope proteins	68
adefovir dipivoxil	67
adverse effects	67
acute hepatitis	67
iron deficiency	67
log copies	67
virus detection	67
host cell	67
care unit	67
may occur	66
two different	66
false positive	66
hbeag seroconversion	66
nervous system	66
sodium taurocholate	65
hcc patients	65
type ii	65
serum samples	65
envelope protein	65
retrospective analysis	65
hla antibodies	64
reverse transcriptase	64
transfusion transmitted	64
liver tissues	64
liver damage	64
platelet products	64
results showed	63
study period	63
critically ill	63
per unit	63
fever virus	63
background aims	63
united kingdom	63
results show	63
hsp inhibitors	63
additive solution	63
renal disease	63
hematopoietic stem	62
chronic infection	62
liver fibrosis	62
transfused patients	62
respiratory syncytial	62
liver cancer	62
retrospective study	62
human milk	61
large number	61
indirect antiglobulin	61
platelet counts	61
expressed breast	61
growth factor	61
hla class	61
high frequency	61
donor blood	61
buffy coats	61
rna polymerase	61
rhce ce	61
statistical analysis	60
clinical trial	60
hbeag negative	60
case report	60
general hospital	60
one case	60
results indicate	60
hiv transmission	60
ferritin levels	60
within hours	60
bact alert	60
adaptive immune	60
previously described	60
results suggest	59
ex vivo	59
virus entry	59
storage time	59
cell disease	59
cell transplantation	59
human papillomavirus	59
target cells	59
blood screening	59
abo blood	59
see table	58
male donors	58
plasma units	58
determine whether	58
protein expression	58
liver cells	58
dendritic cells	58
apheresis platelets	58
infectious agents	58
rna pol	58
hbeag positive	57
detection limit	57
clinical significance	57
cotransporting polypeptide	57
nk cells	57
taurocholate cotransporting	57
barr virus	57
significantly reduced	57
million people	57
blood type	57
premature infants	56
syncytial virus	56
viral genome	56
regional blood	56
central nervous	56
platelets stored	56
lg ml	56
hb level	56
among patients	56
column agglutination	56
mouse model	56
median age	56
well tolerated	56
specific cd	56
blood sample	56
blood management	56
study showed	56
negative blood	55
hospital transfusion	55
significant increase	55
quality assurance	55
transplant recipients	55
test results	55
may lead	55
cirrhotic patients	54
virus rna	54
patients without	54
repeat donors	54
healthy controls	54
serum alt	54
reference laboratory	54
may cause	54
protein kinase	54
rna virus	54
scansystem tm	54
health organization	54
spectrum antiviral	54
blood centre	53
hemolytic anemia	53
negative patients	53
platelet transfusions	53
systematic review	53
infected individuals	53
rare blood	53
prospective study	53
hbc positive	53
significantly different	53
treated cells	53
gene therapy	53
clinical symptoms	53
antiviral agents	53
japanese encephalitis	53
abstract withdrawn	53
positive dat	52
abo rh	52
virus dna	52
expression level	52
hdv infection	52
transmitted infections	52
quality management	52
higher risk	52
zoster virus	52
allogeneic blood	52
acute exacerbation	52
monoclonal anti	52
mortality rate	52
zika virus	52
positive donors	51
long term	51
core promoter	51
hepatitis virus	51
host immune	51
trauma patients	51
donor population	51
dependent manner	51
trima accel	51
cell concentrates	51
white blood	51
patient blood	50
among blood	50
plt count	50
hemolytic disease	50
fetal dna	50
target dna	50
clinically relevant	50
blood system	50
hbv vaccine	50
primer sets	50
two patients	50
ill patients	50
packed red	50
treated rbcs	50
dna replication	50
tested positive	49
study group	49
healthy donors	49
chemokine receptor	49
enveloped viruses	49
pegylated interferon	49
donor samples	49
group antigens	49
apheresis platelet	49
cell units	49
meld score	49
storage period	49
cell count	48
years ago	48
patient safety	48
transgenic mice	48
diabetes mellitus	48
breast cancer	48
coagulation factors	48
class ii	48
survival rate	48
low hb	48
cell transfusion	48
blood establishments	48
platelet units	48
positive result	48
plasma exchange	48
liver tissue	48
chronically infected	48
total rna	48
mononuclear cells	48
regression analysis	47
hbv viral	47
significantly decreased	47
units per	47
human hepatocytes	47
rbc transfusions	47
post transfusion	47
rhd negative	47
ml kg	47
birth weight	47
hbv reactivation	47
specific primers	47
three times	47
bile acid	47
portal hypertension	47
information system	47
expression levels	47
gel test	47
pediatric patients	46
standard deviation	46
positive donations	46
three patients	46
rhd genotyping	46
even though	46
nucleoside analogues	46
core antigen	46
fully automated	46
avian influenza	46
disease severity	46
center background	46
clinical course	46
positive cells	46
year period	46
significant antibodies	46
alt levels	46
patient care	45
innate immunity	45
one year	45
reverse transcription	45
results obtained	45
platelet function	45
nephrotic syndrome	45
generation sequencing	45
therapeutic plasma	45
total bilirubin	45
hcv replication	45
cell death	45
blood grouping	44
body fluids	44
platelet pools	44
high levels	44
residual risk	44
platelet storage	44
i ii	44
platelet antigens	44
virologic response	44
terumo bct	44
single donor	44
wide range	44
cell response	44
positive rate	44
lung injury	44
adult patients	44
related acute	44
within days	44
may result	44
logistic regression	44
oxidative stress	44
real time	44
encephalitis virus	44
respiratory tract	44
first step	44
significant reduction	43
child transmission	43
days post	43
iron depletion	43
capsid protein	43
clinical samples	43
per patient	43
syndrome coronavirus	43
hbv genotype	43
developing countries	43
severe cases	43
hbv related	43
high sensitivity	43
epithelial cells	43
lupus erythematosus	43
bacterial growth	42
iron stores	42
widely used	42
hbv core	42
time blood	42
multivariate analysis	42
patients infected	42
like particles	42
positive antibody	42
immune complexes	42
low level	42
response rate	42
reported cases	42
acid testing	42
hbv carriers	42
positive control	42
liver transplant	42
cd cell	42
decompensated cirrhosis	42
analyzed using	42
clinical manifestations	41
donor recruitment	41
low levels	41
tested using	41
dna viruses	41
severe liver	41
healthy individuals	41
platelet yield	41
clinical outcomes	41
three months	41
dna samples	41
predictive value	41
increased significantly	41
inhibitory effect	41
molecular biology	41
fulminant hepatitis	41
serious adverse	41
rich plasma	41
cell cycle	41
platelet concentrate	41
two years	41
analysis showed	41
clinical outcome	41
east asia	41
factors associated	41
severe disease	41
antibody tests	41
cohort study	41
circular dna	41
clinical use	40
cell antigens	40
hong kong	40
serum ferritin	40
hb levels	40
via breast	40
blood plasma	40
stranded rna	40
quality system	40
autoimmune diseases	40
infection control	40
single nucleotide	40
hiv positive	40
viral clearance	40
health problem	40
data suggest	40
age groups	40
also observed	40
care workers	40
endoplasmic reticulum	40
routine use	40
antibiotic therapy	40
transfusion center	40
pcr amplification	40
alloimmune thrombocytopenia	40
time points	40
renal function	40
studies showed	40
related liver	39
negative control	39
transfusion related	39
blood flow	39
anti hpa	39
hbv envelope	39
stranded dna	39
also found	39
shock proteins	39
alanine aminotransferase	39
family members	39
closely related	39
binding site	39
transfusion recipients	39
iron supplementation	39
transfusion practices	39
neutralizing antibodies	39
transmission via	39
molecular weight	39
systemic lupus	38
platelet quality	38
heparg cells	38
hbs sirna	38
nuclear import	38
hospital blood	38
ide analogues	38
plasma membrane	38
small number	38
cancer cells	38
host disease	38
clinical characteristics	38
cell proliferation	38
western blotting	38
current study	38
virological response	38
medical record	38
viral entry	38
laboratory tests	38
effective treatment	37
human cytomegalovirus	37
th day	37
direct contact	37
bacterial screening	37
compatible blood	37
cobe spectra	37
signaling pathway	37
endemic areas	37
recent studies	37
viral particles	37
neonatal alloimmune	37
renal involvement	37
gamma globulin	37
shock syndrome	37
animal models	37
molecular methods	37
high titer	37
cell separator	37
middle east	37
measured using	37
er stress	37
screening tests	37
human plasma	37
severe thrombocytopenia	37
flow cytometric	37
month period	37
transfusion associated	37
treated patients	37
cell types	37
enzyme treated	37
haemolytic disease	37
protein levels	36
information security	36
three groups	36
cd expression	36
group systems	36
immune globulin	36
pcr assay	36
bcp pc	36
bacterial pneumonia	36
dna virus	36
allergic reactions	36
hbsag levels	36
donating blood	36
patients showed	36
screening test	36
fatty liver	36
urinary tract	36
novel coronavirus	36
hbv entry	36
pregnant woman	36
high incidence	36
antibody detection	36
apheresis procedures	36
viral inactivation	36
related complications	36
viral loads	36
tm platelet	36
platelet concentration	36
poor prognosis	36
mass spectrometry	36
management system	36
higher prevalence	36
hcv antibody	36
toxic shock	36
dna positive	36
also performed	36
patient received	36
platelet kit	36
phase ii	35
much higher	35
based assays	35
serological testing	35
bacterial detection	35
natural history	35
miu ml	35
donor base	35
adverse reaction	35
free survival	35
evaluated using	35
positive blood	35
lamp reaction	35
american red	35
extremely rare	35
igg antibodies	35
rhd positive	35
adverse event	35
high quality	35
phase i	35
breastfed infants	35
three years	35
clinical features	35
clinical studies	35
potential risk	35
aclf patients	35
high throughput	34
drug users	34
currently available	34
shelf life	34
mean hb	34
significant changes	34
specific primer	34
controlled trial	34
hbv cccdna	34
major cause	34
dna copies	34
blot analysis	34
survival rates	34
samples tested	34
cmv infection	34
binding protein	34
disease control	34
using two	34
plasma fractionation	34
hepatitis delta	34
well known	34
new donors	34
five patients	34
confidence interval	34
negative results	34
mean platelet	34
occult hbv	34
randomized controlled	34
vitro quality	34
gold nanoparticles	33
different blood	33
insulin resistance	33
alt normalization	33
surface area	33
previously reported	33
plasma products	33
regular blood	33
positive chronic	33
incubation period	33
solid phase	33
six months	33
cancer patients	33
laboratory testing	33
several studies	33
young children	33
acute lung	33
failure patients	33
normal rhd	33
many countries	33
overall survival	33
ml per	33
nested pcr	33
gene transcription	33
gel electrophoresis	33
reagent lots	33
treatment group	33
wild type	33
scd patients	33
cell embryos	33
confirmed positive	33
study shows	33
european countries	33
two cases	33
case reports	33
corrective actions	33
four patients	32
mg day	32
hcv core	32
host factors	32
platelet refractoriness	32
ethnic groups	32
hbv infections	32
chikungunya virus	32
statistical significance	32
virus core	32
closed circular	32
primary human	32
growth factors	32
auf die	32
adaptive immunity	32
liver inflammation	32
liver cell	32
hepatitis viruses	32
lamivudine treatment	32
highly sensitive	32
cross blood	32
hbv genotypes	32
first months	32
significant decrease	32
hcv genotype	32
high dose	32
antiviral drug	32
antiretroviral therapy	32
within weeks	32
escherichia coli	32
hpa antibodies	32
laboratory findings	31
sanger sequencing	31
tube method	31
hcv infections	31
months post	31
control samples	31
young people	31
inflammatory cytokines	31
mortality rates	31
derived products	31
past years	31
sars coronavirus	31
infection may	31
broad spectrum	31
log iu	31
respiratory distress	31
deferred donors	31
acid amplification	31
inhibit hbv	31
hcv antibodies	31
infected hepatocytes	31
one unit	31
neonatal intensive	31
type hepatitis	31
ml min	31
vaccinia virus	31
blood collected	31
low risk	31
stress proteins	31
chronic hcv	31
influenza vaccine	31
patients suffering	31
resistant staphylococcus	31
selection criteria	31
blood bags	31
southern blot	31
clinical data	31
covalently closed	31
stage liver	31
dna load	31
will also	31
developed countries	31
old female	31
previous study	31
endothelial cells	31
units transfused	30
early stage	30
saharan africa	30
immunosorbent assay	30
patient samples	30
reagent red	30
patient population	30
two types	30
effector cells	30
heterogeneous nuclear	30
one study	30
hcc cell	30
bacterial infection	30
mrna expression	30
new york	30
hbsag positive	30
acute hbv	30
hepatic fibrosis	30
virus particles	30
analytical sensitivity	30
donor center	30
agglutination technology	30
study included	30
well documented	30
delta virus	30
hepatic failure	30
cell therapy	30
structural proteins	30
patient identification	30
chronic viral	30
genome sequences	30
lateral flow	30
cell activation	30
igm antibodies	30
transfusion protocol	30
platelet components	30
alt level	30
enzyme immunoassay	29
circulatory overload	29
may affect	29
common cause	29
viral envelope	29
also tested	29
blood mononuclear	29
transfusion vol	29
emerging infectious	29
nat screening	29
analysis using	29
electronic medical	29
cervical cancer	29
new blood	29
human serum	29
national health	29
immunocompromised patients	29
serologic tests	29
rbc antigens	29
tertiary care	29
gold standard	29
acute viral	29
drug administration	29
patients may	29
pilot study	29
highly conserved	29
virus transmission	29
analysis revealed	29
hepatoma cell	29
inventory management	29
rna genome	29
acute infection	29
mhc class	29
done using	29
abo typing	29
also showed	29
regular donors	29
dna synthesis	29
cellular immune	29
intravenous drug	29
medical treatment	29
ccr expression	29
two samples	29
medical staff	29
storage lesion	28
sybr green	28
automated blood	28
bleeding patients	28
sectional study	28
rare donor	28
national institute	28
human platelet	28
respiratory failure	28
operating procedures	28
serum albumin	28
heart disease	28
several weeks	28
control study	28
czech republic	28
also reported	28
animal model	28
per rbc	28
human hepatoma	28
manual tube	28
observational study	28
donor deferral	28
decreased significantly	28
rna positive	28
influenza viruses	28
transcription factors	28
repeat blood	28
study aimed	28
wbc count	28
serum levels	28
may help	28
significantly associated	28
antiviral effect	28
length hbv	28
group antigen	28
transfusion policy	28
independent risk	28
leading cause	28
standard operating	28
rhd typing	28
small molecule	28
retrospective review	28
quantitative pcr	28
per month	28
antiviral activities	28
blood derived	28
bacterial meningitis	28
pretransfusion testing	28
linear regression	28
transfusion chain	28
high viral	28
positive mothers	28
time period	27
physical examination	27
least two	27
maternal plasma	27
plasma transfusion	27
medical university	27
transplant patients	27
organ transplantation	27
serologic testing	27
hbsag loss	27
large numbers	27
screening assays	27
results indicated	27
may contribute	27
necrosis factor	27
relatively low	27
six patients	27
per day	27
rhd exons	27
mm tris	27
wnv infection	27
will help	27
agarose gel	27
south africa	27
tumor necrosis	27
induced liver	27
high mortality	27
associated nephropathy	27
post irradiation	27
general practitioners	27
plasma volume	27
tract infection	27
molecular testing	27
compatibility testing	27
surgical procedures	27
nucleoside analog	27
seroconversion panels	27
detection system	27
patients developed	27
fed infants	27
intravenous immunoglobulin	27
relatively high	27
controlled trials	27
ms ms	27
treatment response	27
plasma derivates	27
cirrhosis patients	27
infection among	27
final concentration	27
surgery patients	27
five years	27
applied biosystems	27
abdominal pain	27
like receptor	27
inflammatory cells	27
two major	27
bile duct	27
signaling pathways	27
hemoglobin level	27
cell antibodies	26
single unit	26
cell separators	26
total blood	26
hemoglobin levels	26
exchange transfusion	26
major challenge	26
blood establishment	26
usually associated	26
data showed	26
rna synthesis	26
component therapy	26
lyme disease	26
viral resistance	26
htlv i	26
medical history	26
platelet additive	26
next generation	26
routine testing	26
irradiated blood	26
occult hepatitis	26
transfusion testing	26
platelet aggregation	26
laboratory data	26
low frequency	26
different types	26
spectra optia	26
leukemia virus	26
mean value	26
scoring system	26
risk reduction	26
virus genotype	26
natural killer	26
hbsag negative	26
preliminary results	26
congo hemorrhagic	26
vasovagal reactions	26
may provide	26
high hbv	26
denv infection	26
cd deficiency	26
three different	26
hbv co	26
table shows	26
two days	26
one month	26
commonly used	26
autoimmune hemolytic	26
short period	26
hepatoma cells	26
university school	26
study demonstrated	26
transfected cells	26
nuclear ribonucleoprotein	26
hcv genotypes	26
gene promoter	26
internal control	26
intercept blood	26
negative controls	26
borne viruses	26
cells transfected	25
cell survival	25
sequence analysis	25
authors declare	25
showed significant	25
mammalian cells	25
negative result	25
sexually transmitted	25
last two	25
weeks gestation	25
white cell	25
normal alt	25
significant correlation	25
liver dysfunction	25
well established	25
roche cobas	25
hepatic cirrhosis	25
immunosuppressive therapy	25
old male	25
notch signaling	25
immune tolerance	25
medical records	25
molecules per	25
russian federation	25
capsid assembly	25
virus load	25
volume reduction	25
allele frequencies	25
samples obtained	25
another study	25
using different	25
functional receptor	25
diagnostic tests	25
new automated	25
haemolytic anaemia	25
female donor	25
gel cards	25
fibrin glue	25
specific immune	25
hbv vaccination	25
control groups	25
apheresis donors	25
platelet content	25
surface expression	25
via breastfeeding	25
organ failure	25
early diagnosis	25
south america	25
pulmonary edema	25
copy number	25
electron microscopy	25
hbv gene	25
chagas disease	25
bacterial infections	25
hospitalized patients	25
cell leukemia	25
iron overload	25
cell free	25
multiple myeloma	25
also used	25
open reading	25
important roles	25
recent study	25
following transfusion	25
sample size	25
one sample	25
group ab	25
rbc unit	24
clinical study	24
automated system	24
fi cation	24
related hepatocellular	24
complement activation	24
hev rna	24
cccdna synthesis	24
nat testing	24
antiviral agent	24
allogenic blood	24
quality improvement	24
statistical difference	24
respiratory viruses	24
transmissible infections	24
blood stem	24
cell yield	24
studies show	24
molecular basis	24
antibody positive	24
thalassemic patients	24
influenza vaccination	24
limited number	24
dna sequencing	24
primary infection	24
hbv infected	24
may play	24
hsp family	24
detection methods	24
rh typing	24
normal range	24
phylogenetic analysis	24
risk assessment	24
three days	24
standard methods	24
transfusion history	24
donor safety	24
target genes	24
two weeks	24
pall ebds	24
times higher	24
emergency department	24
frequency antigens	24
donor return	24
samples showed	24
low prevalence	24
highly effective	24
nucleoside analogue	24
pooled platelet	24
taken together	24
specific antibody	24
polyclonal anti	24
transfusion centers	24
mm edta	24
vaccine candidate	24
medical care	24
culture medium	24
donor platelets	24
rna interference	24
binding sites	24
detected using	24
two units	24
time point	24
ultrio assay	24
transfusion process	24
reactive samples	24
antibody testing	24
viral capsid	24
dna sequence	24
time consuming	24
abo group	24
national haemovigilance	24
significant proportion	23
duck hepatitis	23
hcv infected	23
coagulation factor	23
received blood	23
tumor suppressor	23
increasing number	23
splice site	23
tested negative	23
probably due	23
herpes zoster	23
randomly selected	23
transfected huh	23
high expression	23
seasonal influenza	23
laboratory parameters	23
ethics committee	23
mass index	23
donor cells	23
voluntary non	23
persistent infection	23
also occur	23
renal dysfunction	23
findings suggest	23
male donor	23
cost effective	23
stored platelets	23
delayed hemolytic	23
hev infection	23
deferral rates	23
rna replication	23
antibiotic treatment	23
may serve	23
bacterial culture	23
turnaround time	23
quality assessment	23
soft tissue	23
also determined	23
hbv rna	23
flow cytometer	23
mayo clinic	23
complete genome	23
investigated whether	23
venous blood	23
peginterferon alfa	23
income countries	23
based transfusion	23
rh phenotype	23
organ transplant	23
repeat testing	23
autoimmune disease	23
cold storage	23
positive direct	23
routine blood	23
will provide	23
signal transduction	23
quantitative real	23
mm na	23
mainland china	23
gram stain	23
negative chronic	23
life threatening	23
among hiv	23
pcr array	23
day post	23
take place	23
viral antigens	23
significantly correlated	23
may reduce	23
nucleotide polymorphisms	23
transfusion strategy	23
sexual partners	23
investigate whether	23
large volume	23
cde cde	23
antigen negative	23
blood cultures	23
viral hemorrhagic	23
potent antiviral	23
viral antigen	23
viral gene	23
among others	23
pandemic influenza	23
cytokine production	23
lymphotropic virus	23
false negative	23
component preparation	23
dna probes	23
linked immunosorbent	23
erythrocyte antibodies	23
antibody responses	23
arachidonic acid	23
data collected	23
year survival	23
found positive	23
rhd beadchip	23
cell viability	23
close contact	23
antibodies directed	23
compatible platelets	23
months later	23
ccr antagonists	23
comparative study	22
clinical relevance	22
hbx sirna	22
nafld patients	22
blood conservation	22
coronary artery	22
serious complications	22
polymerase activity	22
determined using	22
cellular immunity	22
results demonstrate	22
molecular techniques	22
single dose	22
related cirrhosis	22
standard serological	22
potential donors	22
medical college	22
antibody titer	22
stimulating factor	22
replacement donors	22
fda approved	22
twice daily	22
important cause	22
caucasian population	22
nat assays	22
replacement therapy	22
decision making	22
pol fidelity	22
solid tumors	22
data collection	22
national guidelines	22
hbeag loss	22
future studies	22
naturally occurring	22
method using	22
transfusion transmission	22
hbv polymerase	22
sample collection	22
eight patients	22
one week	22
related hcc	22
protective effect	22
hiv hcv	22
true positive	22
entry inhibitors	22
volunteer donors	22
new technology	22
derived platelets	22
rhd weak	22
cells per	22
many patients	22
internal medicine	22
copy numbers	22
rh blood	22
donor deferrals	22
greater risk	22
viral pathogens	22
gamma irradiation	22
described previously	22
three blood	22
hb content	22
platelet factor	22
average number	22
adverse transfusion	22
primer set	22
south african	22
rna detection	22
dna testing	22
increased susceptibility	22
working party	22
blood centres	22
molecular mechanisms	22
transfusion laboratory	22
different methods	22
febrile non	22
kinase inhibitors	22
platelet activation	22
free fetal	22
hbv treatment	22
umbilical cord	22
protease inhibitors	22
male patients	22
natural products	22
assessed using	22
reactive results	22
blood culture	22
may require	22
replicative homeostasis	22
healthcare workers	22
gestational age	22
hemorrhagic fevers	22
one single	22
cell migration	22
human liver	22
patient outcomes	22
transcription factor	22
cell transfusions	22
excessive bleeding	22
chronic disease	21
genotyping results	21
pcr products	21
healthy subjects	21
colorimetric responses	21
lassa fever	21
one day	21
hcc recurrence	21
mucous membranes	21
apheresis procedure	21
human cells	21
significantly improved	21
curative resection	21
nucleoside analogs	21
viral suppression	21
group i	21
infected donors	21
pregenomic rna	21
seo treatment	21
antimicrobial therapy	21
chronic severe	21
protease inhibitor	21
dna amplification	21
viral life	21
european union	21
data analysis	21
related snps	21
median time	21
protein folding	21
health sciences	21
human cd	21
mean number	21
primed donor	21
predonation hb	21
positive reactions	21
procleix ultrio	21
therapeutic vaccination	21
platelet loss	21
key role	21
molecular typing	21
iron metabolism	21
ntcp expression	21
rbc products	21
body mass	21
urgent need	21
hntcp cells	21
direct detection	21
age years	21
low ferritin	21
fluorescence intensity	21
bacterial peritonitis	21
two methods	21
immune cells	21
viral polymerase	21
genetic variants	21
clinical situations	21
hfrg mice	21
heart failure	21
antigen presentation	21
thrombocytopenic patients	21
quantum dots	21
antibody test	21
ns ns	21
restrictive transfusion	21
rhd gamma	21
combination treatment	21
simultaneous detection	21
give blood	21
healthy blood	21
molecular detection	21
blood ordering	21
hiv aids	21
capsid proteins	21
female patient	21
surface protein	21
vaccine development	21
genome copies	21
magnetic cards	21
positive test	21
different countries	21
clinical setting	21
geq ml	21
may present	21
culture system	21
several years	21
graft survival	21
old individuals	21
measles virus	21
clinical efficacy	21
inflammatory response	21
viral diseases	21
diabetic patients	21
hospital background	21
included patients	21
stage renal	21
hpv infection	21
patienten mit	21
vista tm	21
external quality	21
higher rates	21
protein translation	21
panel cells	21
antibody titers	21
new zealand	20
basal core	20
bite wounds	20
smart phone	20
east respiratory	20
will allow	20
platelet rich	20
kidney transplantation	20
hbv recurrence	20
supply chain	20
odds ratio	20
hbv nat	20
different clinical	20
transfused units	20
clinical settings	20
treatment may	20
vast majority	20
closed system	20
infected children	20
elevated levels	20
genome replication	20
based assay	20
iron status	20
rh antigens	20
prothrombin time	20
cause severe	20
rna levels	20
typing results	20
using commercial	20
rubella virus	20
infection occurs	20
titer anti	20
working group	20
canadian blood	20
resistance mutations	20
environmental factors	20
common causes	20
potassium level	20
multiple transfusions	20
multiple sclerosis	20
central blood	20
hcv nat	20
transfusion institute	20
igg antibody	20
one donor	20
protein level	20
naked eye	20
fusion protein	20
human igg	20
kg day	20
among different	20
emergency blood	20
portal vein	20
spontaneous bacterial	20
cell concentrate	20
glucose tolerance	20
dnase i	20
testing using	20
positive controls	20
stored rbcs	20
selectin expression	20
using pcr	20
rhd zygosity	20
rhd variant	20
shear stress	20
plt transfusions	20
several days	20
clinical status	20
long time	20
adverse outcomes	20
antibody specificity	20
acid sequence	20
screening assay	20
dat positive	20
massive necrosis	20
per ml	20
process control	20
speci fi	20
hbv group	20
protein production	20
first transfusion	20
virus surface	20
five days	20
free dna	20
remains unclear	20
donor plasma	20
practice guidelines	20
leukocyte antibodies	20
group ii	20
human blood	20
multiplex pcr	20
leucocyte depleted	20
high rates	20
crystal structure	20
transfusion committee	20
nk cell	20
serum creatinine	20
patient groups	20
hematopoietic cells	20
surface antigens	20
dtt treatment	20
written informed	20
virus genotypes	20
isothermal amplification	20
woodchuck hepatitis	20
hybrid rhesus	20
study aims	20
mediated isothermal	20
etv treatment	20
genomic rna	20
lactate dehydrogenase	20
antibodies anti	20
may develop	20
high cost	20
lung transplantation	20
positive individuals	20
return rates	20
improve patient	20
data indicate	20
within min	20
transfusion guidelines	20
renal transplantation	20
predictive factors	20
ntcp cells	20
zikv rna	20
advisory committee	20
performed according	20
donor health	20
copies per	20
transfusion purpura	20
chikv infection	19
cellular factors	19
genetic diversity	19
respiratory disease	19
storage conditions	19
potent anti	19
standard curve	19
mononuclear cell	19
pcr testing	19
transfusion trigger	19
intracranial hemorrhage	19
virus reactivation	19
potentially infectious	19
million donations	19
influenza infection	19
nkt cells	19
genetic material	19
university medical	19
upper respiratory	19
patients underwent	19
differentially expressed	19
oral administration	19
vault protein	19
atpase activity	19
intrauterine transfusions	19
assay using	19
patients requiring	19
autoimmune haemolytic	19
asian population	19
repeated blood	19
donors aged	19
test group	19
kidney transplant	19
much lower	19
health system	19
host proteins	19
also known	19
manual method	19
extremely low	19
related adverse	19
failure may	19
radiofrequency ablation	19
allele frequency	19
assays using	19
effective therapy	19
ampli fi	19
hna antibodies	19
hiv replication	19
brain edema	19
random donor	19
four years	19
preoperative autologous	19
cmv igg	19
complete response	19
samples collected	19
may induce	19
data management	19
viral markers	19
hla typing	19
study population	19
rheumatoid arthritis	19
different stages	19
connective tissue	19
diagnostic criteria	19
large surface	19
fat diet	19
evidence suggests	19
treated platelets	19
screening method	19
family history	19
bridging necrosis	19
expression systems	19
myocardial infarction	19
treatment options	19
tubular necrosis	19
serological methods	19
days later	19
west africa	19
mainly due	19
local blood	19
platelet antibodies	19
negative women	19
lactate production	19
platelet collection	19
cell salvage	19
treponema pallidum	19
sample volume	19
cobas amplicor	19
effective use	19
nine patients	19
spotted fever	19
memory cd	19
transmitted diseases	19
surgical patients	19
negative samples	19
total dna	19
different time	19
vitro studies	19
transfusion hepatitis	19
effector functions	19
disease virus	19
therapeutic effect	19
nitric oxide	19
well plates	19
marrow transplantation	19
relative risk	19
also significantly	19
theraflex mb	19
drug development	19
high rate	19
positive correlation	19
hematology analyzer	19
days storage	19
platelet inventory	19
irregular antibodies	19
interferon alpha	19
chicken pox	19
transmitted via	19
evidence indicates	19
vox sang	19
vesicular stomatitis	19
pcr assays	19
less common	19
septic shock	19
virus disease	19
transfusion support	19
amotosalen uva	19
patient survival	19
many studies	19
donor retention	19
directive ec	19
haemolytic transfusion	19
interstitial nephritis	19
lamivudine resistance	19
cells may	19
old man	19
global health	19
human infection	19
evidence based	19
wt wt	19
type diabetes	19
control measures	19
terminal domain	19
homologous blood	19
data show	19
rh system	19
based blood	19
cell entry	19
photochemical treatment	19
consecutive patients	18
inventory levels	18
hla antibody	18
virus ns	18
major vault	18
severe complications	18
rhd variants	18
low birth	18
one rbc	18
blood systems	18
early detection	18
poc tests	18
cell epitopes	18
hiv ag	18
hcv patients	18
haemovigilance systems	18
outcome review	18
cell damage	18
cell cultures	18
wide spectrum	18
clinically important	18
cell apoptosis	18
volunteer blood	18
intcp cells	18
infectious mononucleosis	18
strongly recommended	18
membranous nephropathy	18
routinely used	18
wb units	18
using flow	18
virus strain	18
graphene oxide	18
donor platelet	18
factor ix	18
local population	18
protective immunity	18
antigen positive	18
facs analysis	18
remunerated blood	18
female patients	18
north america	18
del phenotype	18
quality controls	18
lymph nodes	18
acquired pneumonia	18
primary hepatocytes	18
mds patients	18
exclusive breastfeeding	18
virus hepatitis	18
two donors	18
process time	18
donors will	18
inh titre	18
lst system	18
tupaia hepatocytes	18
antibody response	18
main reason	18
patients died	18
one hour	18
tube testing	18
cell panel	18
gambro bct	18
promoter region	18
primer pairs	18
similar results	18
operative infections	18
diagnostic accuracy	18
viral safety	18
architect i	18
autovue innova	18
infants born	18
hbv transcription	18
free haemoglobin	18
published data	18
hospital based	18
large envelope	18
monolisa hcv	18
higher levels	18
health authorities	18
data obtained	18
detection systems	18
cold antibodies	18
mm nacl	18
ebv infection	18
cells expressing	18
plus ribavirin	18
igg molecules	18
patients will	18
pc mutation	18
hepatic decompensation	18
ag ab	18
pres peptide	18
dna sequences	18
hbc negative	18
therapeutic strategies	18
inhibitory effects	18
gastrointestinal bleeding	18
positive impact	18
complex formation	18
graft versus	18
highly variable	18
next step	18
dna concentration	18
platelet recovery	18
hospital stay	18
chronic carriers	18
rhd exon	18
blood count	18
play important	18
task force	18
surface ntcp	18
studies suggest	18
alert system	18
tumor cells	18
children younger	18
collected using	18
many years	18
success rate	18
also included	18
culture media	18
treated red	18
results suggested	18
blood bag	18
well plate	18
tumor recurrence	18
th centile	18
rbc collection	18
small heat	18
disease patients	18
cell antibody	18
presenting cells	18
case group	18
gradient centrifugation	18
serum bilirubin	18
virus genome	18
significant impact	18
subviral particles	18
resistant hbv	18
old woman	18
tissue damage	18
years period	18
routine screening	18
significant effect	18
viral rnas	18
blood shortages	18
individual donation	18
waiting list	18
patients experienced	18
infected mothers	18
clinical evidence	18
positive reaction	18
shock response	18
variant viral	18
methylene blue	18
background aim	18
general hospitals	18
partial ds	18
hcv positive	18
negative bacteria	18
hsp inhibitor	18
coding sequence	18
cells ml	18
final product	18
health services	18
drug use	18
optimised scansystem	18
dna detection	17
prevalence antigen	17
ae ml	17
human origin	17
protein sequences	17
transmission occurs	17
reading frame	17
every year	17
hcv coinfection	17
renal impairment	17
progressive disease	17
viral genomes	17
fungal infections	17
tube methods	17
total hbv	17
cell patients	17
rejuvenation solution	17
varicella zoster	17
clinical diagnostics	17
protein synthesis	17
infectious agent	17
membrane proteins	17
negative effects	17
surface proteins	17
rna testing	17
hb values	17
chinese population	17
activated protein	17
mrna levels	17
mrna level	17
rocky mountain	17
genetic variations	17
discrepant results	17
internal controls	17
transfusion protocols	17
volume processed	17
abbott laboratories	17
disease associated	17
genetic variant	17
low rate	17
th cells	17
hospital admission	17
genetic distance	17
interferon alfa	17
th week	17
large amounts	17
cyclophilin inhibitors	17
aplastic anemia	17
allogeneic hsct	17
i sr	17
igm positive	17
clinical development	17
staff training	17
within months	17
swine fever	17
cells via	17
low titer	17
hbsag prevalence	17
transfusion strategies	17
abbott prism	17
ferritin level	17
industrialized countries	17
standard deviations	17
square test	17
donations per	17
base apparatus	17
hyaluronic acid	17
hbs ag	17
woodchuck model	17
molecular chaperone	17
sciences authority	17
plasma replacement	17
differential diagnosis	17
time rt	17
icu stay	17
hbv drugs	17
prevent hbv	17
live attenuated	17
clinical diagnosis	17
sars virus	17
genome equivalents	17
will require	17
mountain spotted	17
term newborns	17
higher incidence	17
female blood	17
inflammatory responses	17
energy transfer	17
voluntary donors	17
oxygen delivery	17
may become	17
infection via	17
platelet specific	17
high fat	17
human parvovirus	17
remained stable	17
safety profile	17
seroconversion rate	17
human ntcp	17
antibody screens	17
spinal cord	17
large scale	17
research institute	17
antigen typing	17
storage duration	17
every hours	17
organ transplants	17
coronary heart	17
serological tests	17
entry inhibitor	17
hnrnp i	17
acute bronchitis	17
sialic acid	17
respiratory illness	17
pf antibody	17
immune evasion	17
immediate spin	17
ccr gene	17
clinical signs	17
study also	17
cardiac diseases	17
less frequent	17
receptor binding	17
blood utilization	17
emerging viruses	17
factors affecting	17
patients aged	17
sample preparation	17
tumor cell	17
cytomegalovirus infection	17
species transmission	17
blood processing	17
pc mutations	17
cases reported	17
low viral	17
focal segmental	17
serum level	17
health status	17
risks associated	17
regression model	17
study performed	17
chronically transfused	17
negative red	17
healthy control	17
rhd immunization	17
using anti	17
virus large	17
among first	17
inhibits hepatitis	17
stomatitis virus	17
liver samples	17
clinical impact	17
three cases	17
transfusion sample	17
gel card	17
oral iron	17
weeks later	17
molecular analysis	17
alkaline phosphatase	17
related mortality	17
flaviviridae family	17
methods used	17
dat negative	17
transfected hepg	17
immune complex	17
neutralizing antibody	17
pancreatic cancer	17
multiorgan failure	17
low molecular	17
science foundation	17
considered significant	17
clinical conditions	17
negative donors	17
apache ii	17
venezuelan equine	17
thawed plasma	17
anemic patients	17
mean volume	17
transient expression	17
blood inventory	16
transfusion requirements	16
high affinity	16
molecular mechanism	16
many cases	16
least weeks	16
components issued	16
tested samples	16
rbc exchange	16
aiha patients	16
random donors	16
nat yield	16
ten years	16
rotavirus infection	16
african americans	16
rsv infection	16
kell antigens	16
study revealed	16
significant role	16
within years	16
cd monoclonal	16
cell apheresis	16
often found	16
reduction technology	16
specific dna	16
transfusion activities	16
treg cells	16
gpib expression	16
myeloid leukemia	16
per week	16
contamination risk	16
varicella vaccine	16
testing results	16
intracranial pressure	16
flow chart	16
hcv prevalence	16
usually occurs	16
antiviral efficacy	16
higher frequency	16
special attention	16
without agitation	16
also cause	16
haemovigilance data	16
will lead	16
useful tool	16
ic values	16
infected blood	16
fulminant hepatic	16
randomized trial	16
slightly lower	16
labile blood	16
platelet apheresis	16
dna viral	16
vaccination programs	16
predicted phenotype	16
affected patients	16
suspected cases	16
positive effect	16
false positives	16
first line	16
patients transfused	16
time quantitative	16
sensitive detection	16
human hepatocellular	16
natural science	16
abo incompatibility	16
hubei province	16
gpiib iiia	16
liver enzymes	16
lactic acid	16
product utilization	16
multiply transfused	16
positive women	16
fresh platelets	16
blood borne	16
different anti	16
hand hygiene	16
million inhabitants	16
matrix protein	16
reverse grouping	16
hereditary hemochromatosis	16
erythrocyte concentrates	16
preliminary data	16
endothelial cell	16
mean time	16
three types	16
last months	16
fetal rhd	16
rhd alleles	16
system antibodies	16
gene editing	16
ttv dna	16
regulatory requirements	16
treatment failure	16
gene deletion	16
associated hcc	16
rbcs stored	16
autologous rbcs	16
also shown	16
gene sequences	16
medical doctors	16
positively correlated	16
electrical impedance	16
first year	16
nucleotide sequences	16
hcv transmission	16
severe transfusion	16
malignant diseases	16
nuclear localization	16
post donation	16
failure caused	16
serological markers	16
showed high	16
bovine serum	16
blood types	16
male patient	16
information regarding	16
like receptors	16
bleeding disorders	16
transferrin saturation	16
taurocholate co	16
hbv antigen	16
blood tests	16
information systems	16
rare red	16
renal transplant	16
residual leukocytes	16
viral particle	16
rbc alloimmunization	16
donor unit	16
prism hbsag	16
standard precautions	16
fresenius kabi	16
hypotonic shock	16
hiv rna	16
ns protein	16
lysis buffer	16
conditioning regimen	16
decompensated liver	16
jakob disease	16
hcv ag	16
statistical significant	16
pathogen reduced	16
human coronavirus	16
reactive oxygen	16
acute phase	16
preoperative anemia	16
first report	16
hepatic stellate	16
rbc alloantibodies	16
acid residues	16
infective endocarditis	16
cccdna formation	16
adverse effect	16
processing set	16
study conducted	16
healthy volunteers	16
autologous donors	16
major histocompatibility	16
high specificity	16
also important	16
readily available	16
dependent rna	16
low blood	16
coding region	16
inhibits hbv	16
four different	16
observation period	16
rna chaperones	16
normal saline	16
hcv ns	16
treatment option	16
prospective cohort	16
timely manner	16
maternal alloantibody	16
donor program	16
specific ctl	16
rbc membrane	16
overall mortality	16
also evaluated	16
term follow	16
beta thalassemia	16
cell membrane	16
small interfering	16
inflammatory process	16
rhd diiia	16
clinical response	16
patients compared	16
vital signs	16
bei patienten	16
strand dna	16
cross match	16
also increased	16
waiting time	16
recent advances	16
allogeneic donors	16
serum igg	16
thermo fisher	16
every days	16
quality blood	16
i will	16
compatible units	16
clotting factors	16
blood testing	16
genetic variation	16
irregular antibody	16
often associated	16
plasmid containing	16
descriptive study	16
ab plasma	16
way anova	16
receive blood	16
primary endpoint	16
cell growth	16
log reduction	16
curative treatment	16
hepatorenal syndrome	15
institutional review	15
two main	15
specific anti	15
many different	15
term effects	15
delta antigen	15
initial treatment	15
seven days	15
sirna expression	15
ferritin testing	15
deep sequencing	15
studies comparing	15
hiv testing	15
refractory patients	15
family donors	15
different ethnic	15
liver stiffness	15
prostate cancer	15
control bags	15
living space	15
standard tube	15
viral pneumonia	15
temporary deferral	15
ub ml	15
expressing cells	15
whole genome	15
higher mortality	15
first blood	15
cell counter	15
abo grouping	15
oxygen species	15
genetic variability	15
cell counting	15
sustained virological	15
considered statistically	15
membrane fusion	15
significant relationship	15
clinical sensitivity	15