bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram frequency
case fatality199
fatality rate125
novel coronavirus108
granted medrxiv107
author funder107
copyright holder103
version posted103
public health100
confirmed cases82
made available80
international license78
coronavirus disease67
pandemic influenza67
fatality rates62
convalescent plasma61
south korea60
peer review60
social distancing58
medrxiv preprint56
pneumococcal pneumonia54
reproduction number50
respiratory syndrome48
fatality ratio47
acute respiratory47
united states43
time series43
risk factors43
severe acute41
school closure40
attack rate39
productivity losses39
posted may38
different countries38
health care37
total number37
influenza pandemic36
selection bias34
reported cases34
posted october34
crude cfr34
case incidence34
cord uid34
mortality rate34
doc id34
infectious disease33
severe cases32
infectious diseases31
growth rate31
adjusted cfr31
systematic review30
pandemic period28
age distribution28
clinical severity27
age group27
clinical characteristics26
intensive care25
seasonal influenza25
effective reproduction24
european countries24
cumulative number24
affected countries24
total cost24
across countries23
epidemiological characteristics23
infection fatality23
acquired pneumonia23
high risk22
world health22
reported deaths22
bacteremic pneumococcal22
publicly available22
per person21
syndrome coronavirus21
positive cases21
basic reproduction21
supplemental oxygen21
observational studies21
per capita21
health organization20
total costs19
simulation model19
national guidelines19
cfr ma19
diagnostic rate19
new cases19
new york18
symptom onset18
delay time18
first case18
diamond princess18
severity pandemics18
cumulative cases18
losses due18
related productivity17
general population17
age groups17
disease control17
cfr values17
tsd analysis17
distancing interventions17
adjusted cfrs17
life expectancy17
incubation period17
population density17
posted june17
middle east17
mainland china16
streptococcus pneumoniae16
death counts16
exponential growth16
total population16
target spo16
hospitalized patients16
cases reported16
years old15
control measures15
multistep model15
high severity15
per million15
countries regions15
deaths per15
classic cfr15
nan doi15
press freedom15
case data15
fatality risk15
standard deviation15
hubei province15
higher cfr15
avian influenza14
gdp per14
wbf model14
case numbers14
time delay14
population level14
per day14
supplementary table14
doubling interval14
outbreak duration14
relative cfr14
intervention strategies14
linear regression14
antiviral treatment14
clinical features14
princess cruise14
pandemic severity13
cruise ship13
may also13
death data13
studies reported13
health system13
contact tracing13
community contact13
conservative oxygen13
cohort study13
arima model13
asymptomatic cases13
infected individuals13
cfr estimates13
adult hiv12
hospital beds12
contact reduction12
seven countries12
spanish influenza12
cov infection12
symptomatic cases12
east respiratory12
severity categories12
testing capacity12
infected people12
gender differences12
low severity12
data collection12
transmission dynamics12
causal variables12
emergency response12
reported data12
even though12
italian cfr11
systematic reviews11
risk factor11
confidence interval11
tobacco use11
care unit11
attack rates11
cohort studies11
data sources11
infected patients11
male patients11
patients infected11
coronavirus pneumonia11
mitigation strategies11
hiv prevalence11
death rates11
case counts11
time period11
mortality rates11
severe disease11
health outcomes11
people aged11
health authorities11
high cfr11
respiratory infections11
protective equipment11
clinical research10
respiratory protection10
pneumococcal bacteremia10
sensitivity analyses10
cfr due10
pharmaceutical interventions10
global health10
coronavirus infections10
relative case10
statistical analysis10
sri lanka10
correlation coefficient10
united kingdom10
plasma treatment10
absolute reduction10
warm zone10
medical care10
rasch model10
death rate10
data available10
different age10
case series10
critically ill10
data points10
saarc countries10
highly effective10
real cfr10
survival interval10
johns hopkins9
calculated cfr9
using data9
outbreak magnitudes9
mechanical ventilation9
i will9
age structure9
patients dying9
statistically significant9
proposed hybrid9
outbreak start9
care systems9
clinical trial9
infection rates9
negative correlation9
sensitivity analysis9
health interventions9
total deaths9
cases per9
will depend9
crude cfrs9
five countries9
workforce reduction9
large number9
older people9
diagnosis interval9
virus disease9
inflammatory response9
lower cfr9
early phase9
influenza virus9
full text9
infected pneumonia9
confidence intervals9
many countries9
related deaths9
continuous school9
viral etiology9
reporting rates9
diabetes prevalence9
patients aged9
hybrid arima9
data analysis9
i i9
risk assessment9
observed cases9
infected persons9
personal protective9
virus infection9
effective interventions9
hong kong9
doubling time9
working group9
oxygen strategies8
rasch analysis8
different cfr8
ill patients8
biased due8
new zealand8
diagnosed cases8
reporting delay8
less likely8
care system8
causal interpretation8
target oxygen8
overall cfr8
level morbidities8
hyperimmune immunoglobulin8
disease outbreak8
two studies8
google maps8
identified cases8
health measures8
computed using8
global burden8
specific cfrs8
bias may8
mortality associated8
coronavirus diseases8
official data8
early stage8
immune response8
recovered cases8
affected province8
without permission8
cumulative incidence8
survivorship bias8
contaminated patients8
herd immunity8
cumulative deaths8
series forecasting8
days ago8
high case8
research networks8
cfr varied8
infected cases8
severe pandemic8
intervention strategy8
table shows8
hybrid model8
geographic risks8
prospective cohort8
hopkins university8
convalescent serum8
female patients8
modelling study8
one day8
fatality ratios8
epidemic growth8
previous studies8
epidemiological parameters8
health policy8
serial interval7
disease severity7
regression analysis7
given time7
mathematical modelling7
much higher7
increased mortality7
tests performed7
susceptible individual7
country specific7
cases will7
economic analysis7
lowest total7
regression tree7
clinical symptoms7
true cfr7
specific differences7
health systems7
older age7
local epidemic7
health emergency7
case detection7
shifted distribution7
mild cases7
care units7
clinical trials7
additional file7
combination therapy7
daily covid7
pdm infection7
income countries7
cumulative case7
emerging infectious7
april th7
per population7
infection rate7
eligibility criteria7
surveillance data7
seroprevalence data7
per country7
least one7
geographic risk7
gender difference7
distancing measures7
cfr across7
population age7
two weeks7
severe symptoms7
epidemic size7
antiviral drugs7
healthcare workers7
residual series7
prospective study7
sir model7
data set7
patient care7
respiratory tract7
allowed without7
death tolls7
term forecasts7
west africa7
posted april7
ifr values7
identified studies7
countries may7
estimated cfr7
country comparisons7
based analysis7
fatal cases7
urinary antigen7
reuse allowed7
testing data7
potential biases7
real time7
mild symptoms7
odds ratio7
significantly lower7
clinical management7
early transmission7
clinical course7
positive test7
coronavirus outbreak7
population size7
ndpm model7
national health7
global mortality7
known cases7
observational study7
among female7
available data7
epidemiologically derived6
remaining countries6
correction factor6
infection control6
effective intervention6
mortality due6
older populations6
respiratory distress6
conducted using6
reproductive number6
st march6
initial outbreak6
new disease6
human transmission6
underlying population6
driven analysis6
excess deaths6
may affect6
doubling days6
icu capacity6
average age6
estimated cfrs6
lessons learned6
case reports6
within days6
study reported6
detection rate6
estimated cases6
health service6
input variables6
global data6
cardiovascular disease6
relatively high6
disease prevention6
infectious period6
severe pandemics6
association analysis6
following covid6
first cases6
confirmed covid6
hazardous substances6
mitigation measures6
countries will6
observed cfr6
forecasted case6
ten days6
become infected6
mortality following6
rights reserved6
highest cfr6
symptomatic individuals6
case study6
critical care6
test fees6
china jan6
reported covid6
health workers6
hazardous materials6
school closures6
us cdc6
icu beds6
reported case6
severe illness6
future pandemic6
viral load6
real incidence6
highly pathogenic6
sample size6
disease surveillance6
high cases6
top countries6
cfr ar6
time periods6
several countries6
smoking prevalence6
young adults6
severity category6
series data6
critical cases6
post hoc6
posted july6
pneumoniae urinary6
protective effect6
pandemic costs6
cfr calculated6
recovered patients6
cases using6
oxygen therapy6
cfr among6
mortality burden6
see table6
reported cfr6
results suggest6
protection factor6
logistic model6
test pool6
million citizens6
past cases6
decision making6
european centre6
predicted cfr6
fold lower6
protocol eligibility6
transmission risk6
biological agents6
medical costs6
respiratory diseases6
underlying conditions5
early estimates5
deaths may5
lower slope5
error propagation5
last days5
per people5
subgroup analysis5
adjusted case5
travel restrictions5
country region5
closed cases5
west bengal5
policy makers5
five different5
fire services5
distribution analysis5
related death5
infected person5
input parameters5
law enforcement5
fatality risks5
positive correlation5
pandemic cost5
ppe must5
specific attack5
population data5
lower among5
data provided5
imported cases5
outside china5
results section5
healthcare facility5
current study5
relative death5
travel history5
respiratory pathogens5
higher severity5
dependent gender5
tumor necrosis5
specific mortality5
reproduction numbers5
viewpoints research5
epidemic models5
like illness5
significant correlation5
influenza pneumonia5
performed tests5
high number5
robust estimation5
supplementary document5
crude case5
patients received5
median age5
mathematical models5
high values5
study group5
delay times5
influenza mitigation5
modified logistic5
time forecasts5
april st5
relatively low5
estimating absolute5
healthcare costs5
global pandemic5
cfr estimate5
limit analysis5
research theme5
will die5
many cases5
first months5
real estimates5
healthcare facilities5
publicly reported5
cfr estimation5
north america5
respiratory disease5
cost per5
online supplementary5
sample forecasts5
physical distancing5
broad range5
higher mortality5
medical attention5
lactam alone5
much smaller5
world bank5
may lead5
methods section5
two groups5
potential conflicts5
sex differences5
ebola virus5
initial stages5
doubling intervals5
gross domestic5
antiviral drug5
also affect5
allowed us5
health emergencies5
expert consensus5
oldest age5
bcg vaccination5
disaster response5
diagnostic tests5
deaths due5
severe outcomes5
first reported5
top states5
many people5
countries using5
standard precautions5
immune responses5
polynomial growth5
may reduce5
findings suggest5
data collected5
descriptive study5
two different5
series datasets5
gamma distribution5
deaths among5
two parameters5
asymptomatic infections5
conditional probabilities5
cardiovascular diseases5
icu admission5
training data5
least registered5
causal effect5
hospital admission5
factors associated5
medically attended5
severe covid5
tested positive5
forecasting model5
personal fees5
much lower5
tokyo subway5
selected saarc5
cfr depends5
ongoing epidemic5
single death5
right truncation5
data collapse5
necrosis factor5
emergency department5
seir model5
cfr calculation5
three different5
influenza epidemics5
comparative study5
moderate risk5
countries like5
us states5
predicted values5
logistic regression5
based forecasting5
statistical significance5
antimicrobial therapy5
model parameters5
three studies5
growth rates5
cfr increased5
study design5
significant difference5
public gatherings5
national institute5
confirmed positive5
feb china5
susceptible individuals5
sample sizes5
linear fit5
overwhelmed health5
interactive web5
cost components5
emerging pandemic5
oxygen saturations5
new coronavirus5
pregnant women5
retrospective studies5
three investigators5
available case5
freedom ranking5
one step5
wide range5
supplemental table5
reported death5
excess mortality5
supplemental information4
infect dis4
air pollution4
hospital decontamination4
dis doi4
new jersey4
active cases4
growth models4
cases identified4
health status4
cases may4
using seroprevalence4
airborne precautions4
younger populations4
commonly used4
intervention measures4
transmission model4
give us4
oxygen saturation4
right now4
novel pathogen4
overall cost4
authors read4
mitigation efforts4
mortality figures4
higher values4
reported prevalence4
health promotion4
modelled community4
may experience4
medical personnel4
visual inspection4
linear relationship4
model using4
just like4
confirmed case4
daily cases4
productivity loss4
also used4
countries variance4
pneumonia caused4
containment measures4
community transmission4
statistical methods4
health services4
hold true4
health expenditure4
based dashboard4
low case4
control dynamics4
household members4
two countries4
early stages4
time since4
registered cases4
less effective4
observed ndpm4
cfrs varied4
time distribution4
time course4
calculated time4
significant heterogeneity4
human serum4
health management4
root mean4
oxygen policies4
death distributions4
level factors4
will occur4
million inhabitants4
track covid4
higher levels4
adjusted data4
effective potential4
reported outcomes4
protective suits4
till april4
pandemic clinical4
common cold4
complete data4
infection among4
will also4
ethical approval4
zika virus4
protective measures4
bacterial meningitis4
adverse events4
cfr will4
one country4
clinical outcome4
italian data4
proposed model4
epidemic modeling4
emerging influenza4
respiratory symptoms4
asymptomatic proportion4
different scenarios4
significantly higher4
tropical medicine4
certain date4
hospital personnel4
will provide4
respective countries4
day period4
test positive4
disease outbreaks4
warning level4
ordinal scores4
least two4
sarin attack4
italian ministry4
influenza transmission4
scaling factor4
study characteristics4
experimental results4
publisher full4
icu group4
explanatory variables4
also provide4
converting enzyme4
see process4
costs arising4
test results4
health estimates4
first quarter4
analyses using4
true number4
epidemic spreading4
model provides4
latent period4
male cases4
case report4
syncytial virus4
person compared4
geographic distribution4
western australia4
united nations4
selected countries4
belgium data4
ongoing covid4
use data4
took place4
domestic product4
potential growth4
cfr using4
open data4
becoming cases4
reported confirmed4
fatal patients4
lost productivity4
peak symptomatic4
test numbers4
disease transmission4
level data4
high accuracy4
national target4
face piece4
different data4
novel influenza4
fit method4
via contact4
appropriate ppe4
death among4
supplementary appendix4
sars coronavirus4
calculating cfr4
first death4
similar results4
supportive care4
significant association4
specific covid4
extensive research4
individual case4
various countries4
shed light4
year age4
possible explanation4
ppe may4
biological delay4
societal disruption4
using delay4
clinical data4
potential impact4
different regions4
individual states4
lower bound4
title abstract4
reproduction rate4
competing interests4
tests per4
generate short4
regression model4
median time4
reported incidence4
care workers4
reporting delays4
subway sarin4
infectious agents4
empiric therapy4
higher covid4
times higher4
country centroid4
antimicrobial agents4
authors declare4
death reporting4
oklahoma city4
may result4
coronavirus infection4
extensive testing4
error series4
model used4
systems science4
ecological study4
healthy contacts4
many estimates4
vast majority4
publication bias4
distress syndrome4
retrospective cohort4
adult inpatients4
data extraction4
extended data4
predict cfr4
country comparison4
excess death4
cephalosporin alone4
enforcement officers4
future studies4
statistical heterogeneity4
death interval4
bias assessments4
among male4
plasma may4
respiratory syncytial4
pandemic outbreak4
deaths caused4
malaria prevalence4
data point4
ranking measure4
antiviral costs4
three days4
basic assumptions4
quite different4
mortality estimates4
rigorous social4
day delay4
ongoing pandemic4
present study4
study clinical4
medical education4
china clinical4
true prevalence4
variable importance4
vary widely4
severe respiratory4
reporting bias4
factors affecting4
log relationship4
pandemics costs4
recently reported4
influenza epidemic4
short delay4
small sample4
sars outbreak4
sars showed4
york city4
coronavirus covid4
atypical pathogens4
ave i4
one study4
cfr value4
retrospective analysis4
controlled clinical4
exaggerated information4
optimal regression4
officially reported4
transmission rate4
total pandemic4
corona virus4
confounding factors4
across groups4
terminal number4
chemically protective4
comparator group4
three variables4
data mining4
rapidly evolving4
analysis will4
interval distribution4
will likely4
first estimates4
antiviral prophylaxis4
severe sepsis4
many days4
official reports4
situation reports4
although highly4
vaccine development4
health response4
several factors4
health decisions3
three time3
spo may3
wtc disaster3
beta distribution3
linear log3
cfr may3
may explain3
official reporting3
actual infections3
study using3
people will3
deaths occurred3
coronavirus pandemic3
excess covid3
tracking project3
costing model3
official information3
line charts3
age composition3
early estimate3
kano diagram3
respiratory infection3
made publicly3
copd prevalence3
causal agent3
conditional probability3
severity pandemic3
medical facilities3
tests conducted3
century pandemic3
respiratory protective3
events surveillance3
might also3
close contacts3
using age3
specific duration3
testing policy3
analysis date3
positively correlated3
aged years3
analysis methodology3
pneumoniae isolates3
mortality data3
day latent3
reported epg3
observational data3
received convalescent3
second problem3
similar findings3
rasch measurement3
current level3
mild disease3
maximum group3
respiratory illness3
younger population3
quality test3
reference source3
study highlights3
laboratory confirmation3
also examined3
cdc study3
local growth3
direct interest3
illness onset3
seroprevalence studies3
standard population3
posterior distribution3
outbreak size3
contact network3
recovered persons3
one week3
hardest hit3
lopinavir ritonavir3
supplementary materials3
epidemic model3
symptomatic case3
squared error3
seek medical3
million persons3
lateral sclerosis3
versus severe3
estimating case3
first problem3
hazmat releases3
times greater3
one hundred3
highest number3
study also3
service industry3
cases data3
complete datasets3
mean difference3
inflection point3
epidemic curves3
significant reduction3
future productivity3
current health3
respiratory viruses3
deceased patients3
health notices3
fold higher3
less biased3
will typically3
travel advisories3
cfr measure3
expected number3
health research3
obtain reliable3
community contacts3
preprintthe copyright3
two cohort3
national case3
wuhan city3
older individuals3
atypical coverage3
published studies3
detailed modeling3
crude covid3
likely due3
potential risk3
substantial undocumented3
mortality impact3
centroid latitude3
median interval3
symptomatic people3
related susceptibility3
health agencies3
economic impact3
among women3
elderly patients3
epidemic spread3
observed case3
males compared3
study conducted3
epidemic curve3
correcting hypoxia3
neutralizing antibody3
older population3
influenza strain3
calculated according3
diabetes mellitus3
data availability3
saudi arabia3
table ii3
hospital stay3
earlier stages3
susceptible persons3
calculated using3
istituto superiore3
gather data3
patients presented3
suspected cases3
registered covid3
convalescent blood3
overall ar3
suppression strategies3
five days3
term care3
normalised cfr3
square error3
oxygen levels3
growth phase3
day cycle3
event history3
influenza cases3
moving average3
also provided3
global response3
murine pneumococcal3
information system3
will take3
data entries3
chinese center3
care facilities3
extracorporeal membrane3
one must3
morbid persons3
diagonal line3
death count3
key parameters3
testing capacities3
better management3
outcome measures3
component models3
including studies3
trend test3
net benefit3
epidemic may3
constant doubling3
similar log3
emergency events3
among patients3
done using3
lower part3
highly significantly3
medical conditions3
account detection3
world population3
disease burden3
patient decontamination3
i thank3
studies included3
may help3
igg antibodies3
order polynomial3
cytokine storm3
different groups3
first study3
breathing apparatus3
journal pre3
asymptomatic infection3
intravenous immunoglobulin3
remained significant3
public policy3
undocumented infection3
inverse relation3
data used3
respiratory system3
substances emergency3
abductive reasoning3
transparent health3
results indicate3
beds per3
estimate cfr3
changes associated3
case studies3
pandemic response3
reducing mortality3
multiple countries3
also considered3
chemical warfare3
better understand3
contained breathing3
estimated effective3
prevent transmission3
lag time3
studies suggest3
model predicts3
old age3
global average3
preprint posted3
multivariate logistic3
current situation3
rd scales3
different centers3
low cost3
pandemic using3
hospitalization will3
different delays3
surveillance database3
high end3
epidemic sizes3
database will3
many patients3
real number3
reported number3
covid cases3
three independent3
parameter settings3
cfr appears3
corona viruses3
seeking medical3
age cohort3
clinical diagnosis3
commencing oxygen3
ratio estimates3
quality control3
ongoing clinical3
amyotrophic lateral3
hybrid methodology3
documented cases3
mean square3
risk posed3
many factors3
cause mortality3
may contribute3
significant absolute3
risk assessments3
elder population3
death cases3
requiring hospitalization3
will therefore3
case scenario3
healthcare systems3
services personnel3
elderly people3
bias due3
rapid dissemination3
profoundly affected3
middle income3
important lessons3
patients receiving3
early epidemiological3
log age3
possible causal3
deaths will3
useful information3
series analysis3
became cases3
viral infections3
true value3
health doi3
final toll3
may th3
final attack3
lognormal distribution3
clinical experience3
severe chronic3
projected cumulative3
cases due3
many states3
allows us3
source population3
following treatment3
data sets3
initial phase3
daily tweets3
late february3
retrospective case3
posted online3
cases versus3
international health3
recent study3
early treatment3
less ndpm3
overall slope3
female population3
unknown cause3
purifying respirator3
sp nov3
respiratory viral3
average number3
deaths divided3
reported positive3
exploratory meta3
occupational safety3
first day3
dead patients3
response workers3
severe outbreaks3
new location3
early findings3
emergency responders3
legionella species3
air supply3
shiny app3
outbreak using3
gather statement3
highly affected3
much greater3
history modelling3
testing figures3
three weeks3
cases worldwide3
osha guidance3
true epidemic3
south africa3
estimates reporting3
markedly different3
human influenza3
infectious individual3
including school3
healthcare providers3
clinical assessment3
time lags3
coronavirus cases3
closure combined3
essential causal3
neuraminidase inhibitors3
south asian3
southern hemisphere3
susceptible population3
organ failure3
hemorrhagic fever3
better estimate3
mortality among3
scaling time3
group size3
within countries3
infection mortality3
simple linear3
surveillance system3
italian population3
chronic obstructive3
must take3
negative patients3
deaths counts3
adverse health3
additional delay3
predicted log3
much better3
personal communication3
epidemiological determinants3
comparative data3
insight data3
related mortality3
days ahead3
death given3
estimated cumulative3
detection delay3
interval adjusted3
decomposition levels3
different states3
decontamination activities3
positively associated3
chronic conditions3
health metrics3
underreported cases3
unofficial data3
inclusion criteria3
mean age3
adjusted post3
wider community3
second wave3
unconfirmed death3
powered air3
chronic respiratory3
cfrs based3
will cause3
may occur3
per se3
health surveillance3
cost analysis3
cases detected3
nonpharmaceutical interventions3
among adults3
causal impact3
essential businesses3
relatively mild3
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