This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
| identifier | question |
|---|---|
| cord-004167-r2s0gks8 | What's the relative risk? |
| cord-001074-qevosik3 | How did chikungunya reach the Indian Ocean? |
| cord-009446-8keu2uay | Lack of N regions in antigen receptor variable region genes of TdT- deficient lymphocytes Hierarchy and extremes in selections from pools of randomized proteins Somatic mutations of the immunoglobulin framework are generally required for broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database OLGA: Fast computation of generation probabilities of B- and T- cell receptor amino acid sequences and motifs High- throughput immune repertoire analysis with IGoR Inferring processes underlying B- cell repertoire diversity Genetic measurement of memory B- cell recall using antibody repertoire sequencing How many different clonotypes do immune repertoires contain? |
| cord-010570-ytv7dwr0 | Does intravenous immune globulin have a role in HIV- infected patients? |
| cord-004247-lagv3tp7 | The Yin and Yang of Current Antifungal Therapeutic Strategies: How Can We Harness Our Natural Defenses? |
| cord-004247-lagv3tp7 | Where Are We Standing Now? |
| cord-010991-fp8hljbq | Karolinska institute Dental caries vaccine-a possible option? |
| cord-009571-mygj2nd4 | Activation? |
| cord-010680-lc1onm53 | Advances in mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases Administration of nucleoside- modified mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing antibody protects humanized mice from HIV-1 challenge In vivo gene delivery by nonviral vectors: overcoming hurdles? |
| cord-010680-lc1onm53 | The making of bispecific antibodies Therapeutic antibody discovery in infectious diseases using single- cell analysis Beyond natural antibodies: the power of in vitro display technologies Advances in recombinant antibody manufacturing Developability index: a rapid in silico tool for the screening of antibody aggregation propensity Five computational developability guidelines for therapeutic antibody profiling Industrialization of mAb production technology: the bioprocessing industry at a crossroads Monoclonal antibodies: magic bullets with a hefty price tag Pricing of monoclonal antibody therapies: higher if used for cancer? |
| cord-260340-dujd28gg | The clinical pharmacology of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of malignancy; have the magic bullets arrived? |
| cord-255936-hfa9w2dg | Neutralizing antibodies generated during natural HIV-1 infection: good news for an HIV-1 vaccine? |
| cord-018404-jdu4h00e | Questions and answers on monoclonal antibodies for veterinary use European Medicines Agency Allergic disorders and IgE- mediated immune responses: where do we stand? |
| cord-018404-jdu4h00e | Why do we need IgM memory B cells? |
| cord-010578-uib9h1lb | A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis- like syndrome: is Epstein- Barr virus the cause? |
| cord-010578-uib9h1lb | The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study Is chronic fatigue syndrome an infectious disease? |
| cord-102908-sr7j8z9c | One, two or three? |
| cord-102908-sr7j8z9c | We used differential binary labelling and statistical modelling to extract estimates of stoichiometry, our strategy is outlined in Figure 1; note that this approach can be generalised to apply to many other multi- component systems( i.e. how many protein x are found in assembly y?). |
| cord-295099-ghc85pf5 | Ammonium ions improve the survival of glutaminestarved hybridoma cells Isolation and characterization of anti ROR1 single chain fragment variable antibodies using phage display technique Development of a new yeast surface display system based on Spi1 as an anchor protein Passive immunization with the anti- HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody( hMAb) 4E10 and the hMAb combination 4E10/2F5/2G12 Global structure of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody IgG1 b12 is asymmetric Evaluation of a novel multi- immunogen vaccine strategy for targeting 4E10/10E8 neutralizing epitopes on HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal external region Improved efficiency of EBV transformation of B- lymphocytes Single cell sorting and cloning Isolation of human monoclonal antibodies by mammalian cell display Antibody immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy for influenza virus infection: utilization of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies? |
| cord-048239-oluq7v0h | West Nile virus: where are we now? |
| cord-003435-ke0az7nf | + regulatory T cells in the human immune system Human dendritic cell subsets: an update Correlates of protection induced by vaccination Cancer immunotherapy via dendritic cells Recombinant snakebite antivenoms: a cost- competitive solution to a neglected tropical disease? |
| cord-003435-ke0az7nf | , what's important? |
| cord-003435-ke0az7nf | Safer and virus- free? |
| cord-003435-ke0az7nf | Where are the advantages of using mRNA for antibody immunotherapies? |
| cord-291626-lxa8pvt3 | key: cord-291626-lxa8pvt3 authors: Pelfrene, E.; Mura, M.; Cavaleiro Sanches, A.; Cavaleri, M. title: Monoclonal antibodies as anti- infective products: a promising future? |
| cord-030999-27wennun | Should we be devoting extensive attention to the details of T- cell immunity if the data suggest that neutralizing antibody titre is itself a candidate correlate of protection? |
| cord-030999-27wennun | Which cells have produced the response and to what specific viral stimulus? |
| cord-030999-27wennun | infection, immunology research has been placed in the spotlight, with intense curiosity and scrutiny about many specific aspects of the immune response to this viral infection: when does immunity develop, what are the correlates of protection, what is the temporal relationship between immunity and infectivity, do all develop protective immunity and can reinfection occur, what part is played by immunopathology in pathological damage to the lungs and other organs? |
| cord-102704-wfuzk2dp | An open- source platform for biological- image analysis Rabies transmitted by vampire bats to humans: an emerging zoonotic disease in Latin 594 America? |
| cord-102704-wfuzk2dp | Serological investigation of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in bats captured in 469 the eastern Brazilian Amazon One Health, emerging infectious diseases and 472 wildlife: two decades of progress? |
| cord-102704-wfuzk2dp | What do they mean for rabies epidemiology? |
| cord-268417-6eyetb5i | The latter possibility poses the question, Why, then, does it block the action of neutralizing antibody? |
| cord-017070-05vlz5dn | Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome- associated coronavirus infection Antibody responses against SARS- coronavirus and its nucleocaspid in SARS patients Development of a safe neutralization assay for SARS- CoV and characterization of S- glycoprotein SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome- associated coronavirus mediates entry into hepatoma cell lines and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies in infected patients Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Treating severe acute respiratory syndrome with hyperimmune globulins SARS: what have we learned? |
| cord-017070-05vlz5dn | The neurological manifestations of Nipah virus encephalitis, a novel paramyxovirus Nipah viral encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis? |
| cord-017070-05vlz5dn | The prospects for vaccines against HIV-1: more than a field of long- term nonprogression? |
| cord-017070-05vlz5dn | and the hMAb combination 4E10/2F5/2G12 Neutralizing antibody responses to HIV: role in protective immunity and challenges for vaccine design Identifying epitopes of HIV-1 that induce protective antibodies Antibodies: can they protect against HIV infection? |
| cord-005827-wjkbrfkn | Acute adrenal insufficiancy as a madifestation of the anticardiolipin syndrome? |
| cord-005827-wjkbrfkn | An autoimmune phenomenon? |
| cord-005827-wjkbrfkn | LA and ACA occur in a variety o(ctinical conditions( secondar? |
| cord-005827-wjkbrfkn | Risk ofthromboembolic events in patients with focal cerebral ischemia and antiphospholipid antibodies Antibody to cardiolipin asa predictor of fetal distress or death in pregllana patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Which patients with antiphospholipid antibody should be treated and how? |
| cord-005827-wjkbrfkn | anticoagulant Tourette's disor~ der: is there an associ~ tion with the antiphospholipid syndrome? |
| cord-015683-a9a82of4 | How are the proteomic assays helpful in aiding diagnostics? |
| cord-015683-a9a82of4 | How has the advancement in biotechnological techniques helped in diagnosis of the diseases? |
| cord-015683-a9a82of4 | What is MALDI- TOF? |
| cord-015683-a9a82of4 | What is the importance of PCR in pathogen detection? |
| cord-283826-lgyc3sro | The question becomes, when there is no deficit of antibody quality, is isolated hypogammaglobulinemia clinically a problem? |
| cord-302974-t1t89p8y | In Areas With Low Prevalence? |
| cord-274557-2071770h | Antired blood cell antibodies, free light chains, and antiphospholipid antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations Soluble HLA class I and class II concentrations in commercial immunoglobulin preparations High- dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and cerebral vasospasm: a possible mechanism of ischemic encephalopathy? |
| cord-274557-2071770h | Do we have autoantibodies? |
| cord-302312-1pm17l5d | What's in the pipeline? |
| cord-309067-aemjbkfj | Is the genetic region that is targeted highly conserved or heterologous among isolates? |
| cord-297684-9q3oopaz | Lateral flow assays Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology: what does it change in autoantibody detection? |
| cord-304214-66nxk4e8 | convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? |
| cord-275402-z92b18mb | What are the mechanisms underlying this antibody- mediated synergy? |
| cord-275402-z92b18mb | What is'overall affinity', and how can it be increased? |
| cord-311811-nrodyagi | Or, were they among the"worried well"? |
| cord-010248-ln800g5z | How do virus- infected cells activate the alternative pathway? |
| cord-010248-ln800g5z | Since patients'sera enhanced cytotoxicity, these observations are at variance with the earlier report of Ahmed et a,?. |
| cord-010248-ln800g5z | Spontaneous lysis of infected cells in MEM was 5? |
| cord-010248-ln800g5z | The major remaining questions concerning the mechanism of this reaction are as follows: Do cells infected with other viruses activate the alternative pathway? |
| cord-010248-ln800g5z | What is the mechanism by which IgG induces lysis? |
| cord-336280-tsx409e3 | How many species in the world ocean? |
| cord-330218-l5q3n3ri | Evolution of a component of immune defence? |
| cord-022439-8wy7rpqv | Antibody- all relevant epitopes recognized? |
| cord-022439-8wy7rpqv | Interferon induction in interstitial cells? |
| cord-022439-8wy7rpqv | Molecular mimicry: frequency of reac tivity of monoclonal antiviral antibodies with normal tissues Monoclonal antibody to coxsackievirus B reacts with myocardium Polymyositis and molecular mimicry: a mechanism of auto immunity On the use of se quence homologies to predict protein structure: Identical pentapeptides can have completely different conformations Which structural features determine protein antigenicity? |
| cord-022439-8wy7rpqv | Receptor availability? |
| cord-022439-8wy7rpqv | la antigens? |
| cord-339879-92esdjy9 | Interferon production by t4 coliphage Bacterial viruses as human vaccines? |
| cord-254531-pv55re2x | A primitive T cell- independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria Perspectives on mucosal vaccines: is mucosal tolerance a barrier? |
| cord-254531-pv55re2x | Carbohydrate composition Carbohydrate moieties in human secretory component Structures of the carbohydrate moieties of secretory component purified from human milk Microdetermination of monosaccharides in glycoproteins by gas- liquid chromatography From natural polyreactive autoantibodies to a la carte monoreactive antibodies to infectious agents: is it a small world after all? |
| cord-254531-pv55re2x | Intravascular and mucosal immunoglobulin A: two separate but related systems of immune defense? |
| cord-254531-pv55re2x | The human IgA system: a reassessment Mucosal immunoglobulins Immunoglobulin transport and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor Roundtrip ticket for secretory IgA: role in mucosal homeostasis? |
| cord-254531-pv55re2x | novel views on its function in the defence of the largest mucosal surface IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis Using monoclonal antibodies to prevent mucosal transmission of epidemic infectious diseases Chemical identification of a glycosphingolipid receptor for Escherichia coli attaching to human urinary tract epithelial cells and agglutinating human erythrocytes Anti- pili antibodies in breast milk Secretory immunoglobulin A and G antibodies prevent adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells IgA oligosaccharide chains as receptors for bacterial lectins Agglutination of E. coli by secretory IgA- a result of interaction between bacterial mannose- specific adhesins and immunoglobulin carbohydrate? |
| cord-337464-otwps68u | And Segment Forecasts A new mouse myeloma cell line that has lost immunoglobulin expression but permits the construction of antibody- secreting hybrid cell lines A better cell line for making hybridomas secreting specific antibodies Human monoclonal antibodies: the emperor's new clothes? |
| cord-328935-mn8r972x | First, why is the systemic response to the LPG/ protein complex skewed toward IgG1( a Th2 response in cattle) and not IgG2( a Th1 response)? |
| cord-328935-mn8r972x | Second, are IgG or IgA antibodies to the LPG- containing antigen most protective and how can that Ig isotype be enriched to enhance protection? |
| cord-307320-fxs31d66 | Antibacterial properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype 1 lipopolysaccharidespecific monoclonal antibody( MAb) in a murine thigh infection model: combined effects of MAb and ceftazidime Defining the complementarities between antibodies and haptens to refine our understanding and aid the prediction of a successful binding interaction Single- domain llama antibodies as specific intracellular inhibitors of SpvB, the actin ADP- ribosylating toxin of Salmonella typhimurium Genetic and immunological comparison of anti- botulinum type A antibodies from immune and non- immune human phage libraries In vivo neutralization of botulinum neurotoxins serotype E with heavy- chain camelid antibodies( VHH) Shark novel antigen receptors- the next generation of biologic therapeutics? |
| cord-307320-fxs31d66 | Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody Markedly prolonged incubation period of hepatitis B in a chimpanzee passively immunized with a human monoclonal antibody to the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen Monoclonal antibodies in man that neutralized H3N2 influenza viruses were classified into three groups with distinct strain specificity Antibacterial monoclonal antibodies: back to the future? |
| cord-319884-d8n0aokl | Is SELDI- TOF a valid tool for diagnostic biomarkers? |
| cord-319884-d8n0aokl | Why 3-D? |
| cord-317501-yblzopc3 | Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis a closer relative to Gram- positive or Gram- negative bacterial pathogens? |
| cord-317501-yblzopc3 | The production of a genus- specific recombinant antibody( scFv) using a recombinant potyvirus protease Identification of a putative Crf splice variant and generation of recombinant antibodies for the specific detection of Aspergillus fumigatus Construction of human antibody gene libraries and selection of antibodies by phage display Highthroughput screening of single- chain antibodies using multiplexed flow cytometry Generating recombinant antibodies to the complete human proteome High level transient production of recombinant antibodies and antibody fusion proteins in HEK293 cells Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to Ebola virus Making antibodies by phage display technology Which are the antibodies to watch in 2013? |
| cord-317501-yblzopc3 | The therapeutic monoclonal antibody market Highaffinity, human antibody- like antibody fragment( singlechain variable fragment) neutralizing the lethal factor( LF) of Bacillus anthracis by inhibiting protective antigen- LF complex formation Tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and metaanalysis of efficacy and safety Anti- epidermal growth factor receptor monotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: where are we today? |
| cord-282081-qaagup4d | : cord-282081-qaagup4d authors: Flicker, Sabine; Zettl, Ines; Tillib, Sergei V. title: Nanobodies — Useful Tools for Allergy Treatment? |
| cord-282081-qaagup4d | Can the nanobody technology provide enhanced opportunity to generate a panel of antigen- binding molecules with various epitope specificities for certain allergens different to conventional antibodies? |
| cord-282081-qaagup4d | IgG revisited Passive immunization with allergen- specific antibodies Pricing of monoclonal antibody therapies: higher if used for cancer? |
| cord-282081-qaagup4d | Will it be possible with this technology to find single nanobodies that are able to abrogate IgE- mediated allergic inflammation? |
| cord-282081-qaagup4d | Will these identified allergen- specific nanobodies be more efficient in blocking than conventional IgG antibodies due to their pronounced cleft recognition? |
| cord-277076-yvsyo4l9 | Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Bats, civets and the emergence of SARS Wet marketsÀA continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? |
| cord-277076-yvsyo4l9 | Interest soon focused on these early index cases: was there any characteristic these patients had in common that could point to a source of their SARS- CoV infection? |
| cord-277076-yvsyo4l9 | Is the fact that the first pandemic of the twenty- first century was quickly contained reason to take comfort in the knowledge that the history of humankind has reached a phase in which biomedical sciences and information technology are able to deal with such threats? |
| cord-277076-yvsyo4l9 | The evolvability of emerging viruses Development of antiviral therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Identification of the etiological agent Evaluation of advanced reverse transcription- PCR assays and an alternative PCR target region for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome- associated coronavirus Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS- like coronaviruses Viral zoonosesÀA threat under control? |
| cord-354790-xx6imhzb | Antibody- mediated immunomodulation: a strategy to improve host responses against microbial antigens Antiviral monoclonal antibodies: can they be more than simple neutralizing agents? |
| cord-354790-xx6imhzb | Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? |
| cord-354790-xx6imhzb | Which antibody functions are important for an HIV vaccine? |
| cord-302382-eifh95zm | Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a doubleedged sword? |
| cord-302382-eifh95zm | The use of anti- inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019( COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a doubleedged sword? |
| cord-302382-eifh95zm | Virus Research A Role for Metal- Based Drugs in Fighting Covid-19 Infection? |
| cord-302382-eifh95zm | Where Do We Stand Now? |
| cord-302382-eifh95zm | interferon responses in COVID-19 Integrated analyses of single- cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type- specific expression of mediators of SARS- CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells DPP4 inhibition: Preventing SARS- CoV-2 infection and/or progression of COVID-19? |
| cord-327629-ep28ay11 | 30 Years of Evolution Personal protective equipment and Covid 19-a risk to healthcare staff? |
| cord-327629-ep28ay11 | The Lancet Do theatre staff use face masks in accordance with the manufacturers'guidelines of use? |
| cord-327629-ep28ay11 | What Cost? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | But what then? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | But why did some die and exactly how were they killed by such a minute and fragile form of life that we know as the orthomyxovirus influenza? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Could it be a Gram- negative bacterium such as H. influenzae, already described by Pfeiffer as the cause of the previous influenza pandemic of 1889? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Gauguin in his last great painting"Who are we, where have we come from, where are we going?"asks crucial questions about the future of humankind. |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Or could it be a virus? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | These internally situated proteins are certainly immunogenic( particular NP) but could the immunity induced, either T cell or antibody, be broadly reacting? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Twenty- First Century Vaccines Induce Protection Across the Different Virus Subtypes? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Was the immune reaction and ensuing cytokine storm overwhelming or was virus replication in the endothelial cells of the air sacs more important? |
| cord-018811-zhwr3h07 | Why not create a reassortant in the laboratory with six replicative genes of A/ PR/8/34 to give high replication while having the two new HA and neuraminidase( NA) genes of the new epidemic virus? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | A new paradigm for the treatment of sepsis: is it time to consider combination therapy? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | A study of the American Bone Marrow Transplant Group Does intravenous immune globulin have a role in HIV- infected patients? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | CCM.0000216189.80613.BB Mirror, mirror on the wall, which is the fairest meta- analysis of all? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | The effect of prophylactic intravenous immune globulin on the incidence of septicemia in marrow transplant recipients Polyclonal immunoglobulin for treatment of bacterial sepsis: a systematic review Comparison of early IgM- enriched immunoglobulin vs polyvalent IgG administration in score- identified postcardiac surgical patients at high risk for sepsis Immunoglobulin prophylaxis in hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Haemolytic anaemia after lung transplantation: an immune- mediated phenomenon Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | Why have clinical trials in sepsis failed? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | a pediatric oncology group study Afelimomab- another therapeutic option in sepsis therapy? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | how to choose the best option for the patient? |
| cord-018840-ts2g1ux7 | the answer"no"? |
| cord-354325-r73datur | A role for infectious tolerance? |
| cord-354325-r73datur | How do monoclonal antibodies induce tolerance? |
| cord-354325-r73datur | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor subfamily: role as anticancer agents Are solid tumor anti- idiotype vaccines ready for prime time? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | Innate lymphoid cells- how did we miss them? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | The shared and contrasting roles of IL2 and IL15 in the life and death of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes: Implications for cancer therapy Natural killer cells in cancer immunotherapy Immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: the dawn of a new era? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | What are the mechanisms that lead to a break in tolerance? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | Will immunogenicity limit the use, efficacy, and future development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | causes and conversion CTLA-4/ CD80 pathway regulates T cell infiltration into pancreatic cancer Molecular interactions of antibody drugs targeting PD-1, PD- L1, and CTLA-4 in immuno- oncology Immunosenescence and its hallmarks: how to oppose aging strategically? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | how"lytic"must they be for therapeutic efficacy? |
| cord-274756-nnm1n09a | plasticity in human autoimmune arthritis is driven by the inflammatory environment Harnessing the plasticity of CD4+ T cells to treat immune- mediated disease Immunological memory: what's in a name? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | A rapid point of care immunoswab assay for SARS- CoV detection Quantitative and sensitive detection of the SARS- CoV spike protein using bispecific monoclonal antibody- based enzyme- linked immunoassay Bispecific antibodies and ADCs: once and future kings? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | Camel single- domain antibodies as modular building units in bispecific and bivalent antibody constructs Engineered antibody fragments and the rise of single domains Bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy: the light at the end of the tunnel? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | Can bispecific antibody deliver superior, simplified diagnostics with application in low resource settings, through simplification of the assay capture and/or detection steps? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | Is the Triomab or BiTE or sdAb the way forward for human therapeutics? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | Will the multitude of bsAbs formats provide comparable preclinical information? |
| cord-282817-vtzpf2wr | Will the paucity of diagnostic bispecifics be improved by a single bispecific format coming to the fore in the therapeutic arena? |
| cord-324316-ulb8d5fe | Chile's"immunity passport"will allow recovered coronavirus patients to break free from lockdown, get back to work Ethical and robust research during pandemics: HOW? |
| cord-324316-ulb8d5fe | Citizenship for sale? |
| cord-324316-ulb8d5fe | How long does the negative result last and when should such patients be retested? |
| cord-324316-ulb8d5fe | Positive results can facilitate a clinical treatment plan, but what is the role of negative results? |
| cord-338517-1mxcssjj | ( H1N1) 2009 virus infection Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty- fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association Meta- Analysis: Convalescent Blood Products for Spanish Influenza Pneumonia: A Future H5N1 Treatment? |
| cord-338517-1mxcssjj | A possible role for B cells in COVID-19?: |
| cord-338517-1mxcssjj | Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Collected from Recovered Coronavirus Patients Protect against COVID-19 and Strengthen the Immune System of New Patients? |
| cord-338517-1mxcssjj | Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses? |
| cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 | For example, are higher rates of COVID-19 mortality among African- Americans a product of increased exposure to SARS- CoV-2, or increased vulnerability to disease following exposure? |
| cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 | Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? |
| cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 | Longterm effects of in utero Evaluation of antibody testing for SARS- Cov-2 using ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays Does the pathogenesis of SAR- CoV-2 virus decrease at high- altitude? |
| cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 | Why are older people more vulnerable, while children are largely spared? |
| cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 | Why do infections tend to be mild in pregnancy, in contrast to the 1918 influenza pandemic when mortality was particularly high for pregnant women( Taubenberger& Morens, 2006)? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | Can an infected queen infect her kittens in utero? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | For how long do infected cats harbour the virus? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | For how long do they excrete the virus, and by what route(s)? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | How, then, does the virus maintain itself in these animals? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | If so, does in utero infection result in disease? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | Is excretion continuous or intermittent? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | Is it possibly stress- related? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | To what extent is a coronavirus antibody- positive cat a potential disease threat to other cats with which it may come into contact? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | What percentage of cats infected with FIPV actually become chronic carriers? |
| cord-023053-j061ywrl | What route is most important for effective virus transmission to other cats? |
| cord-340305-jtvn9tlm | As the authors suggest, are these examples simply ones of persistence or re- infection? |
| cord-340305-jtvn9tlm | Does neutralization antibody ensure protection? |
| cord-340305-jtvn9tlm | How would this dilemma then be potentially overcome? |
| cord-340305-jtvn9tlm | If neutralizing antibody correlates with protection, is there a threshold at which the prediction can be confident? |
| cord-340305-jtvn9tlm | viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | ( 2007)? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | (, 2005? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | : where does it come from? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | Does the use of tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy in poor prognosis, undifferentiated arthritis prevent progression to rheumatoid arthritis? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | The biology of VEGF and its receptors Development of ranibizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor antigen binding fragment, as therapy for neovascular agerelated macular degeneration Clinical and immune responses in resected colon cancer patients treated with anti- idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen Clinical and immune responses in melanoma patients immunized with an anti- idiotype antibody mimicking disialoganglioside GD2 Is IgG galactosylation the relevant factor for pregnancy- induced remission of rheumatoid arthritis? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | The wolf in sheep's clothing: the role of interleukin-6 in immunity, inflammation and cancer Gender disparity in liver cancer due to sex differences in MyD88-dependent IL-6 production Microchimerism: incidental byproduct of pregnancy or active participant in human health? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | Tocilizumab: therapy and safety management Swedish natalizumab( Tysabri) multiple sclerosis surveillance study Partial reduction of human FOXP31 CD4 T cells in vivo after CD25-directed recombinant immunotoxin administration Enhancement of cell- mediated immunity in melanoma patients immunized with murine anti- idiotypic monoclonal antibodies( MELIMMUNE) that mimic the high molecular weight proteoglycan antigen Fc receptors in immune thrombocytopenias: a target for immunomodulation? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | VACTERL association? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | blocking antibodies transmitted from mother to child Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington disease in maternal plasma: direct and indirect study Pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmunity Understanding systemic lupus erythematosus physiopathology in the light of primary immunodeficiencies Tumor necrosis factor- a inhibition and VATER association: a causal relationship? |
| cord-016960-xhzvp35g | case report and literature review Lethal vasculitis of coronary arteries in a neonate and two infants: possible neonatal variant of the MLNS/ IPN complex? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | Although autonomy is regarded as important but sometimes justifiably sacrificed for the greater good, does autonomy and the right to know supersede the potential lack of control and lack of knowledge that antibody testing may confer? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | But how is this even possible? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | How can a negative test be deflating to a healthcare worker? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | If antibody testing had no impact on the daily workings of a hospital department, did not change an individual's exposure risk and had no effect on the precautions everyone must take, then why take the test? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | Is it a risk to the patient simply to take a blood test and confer next to no benefit from this information? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | Or does the uncertainty and possible long- term health consequences mean that these people should be a protected population? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | Recognising these psychological tolls, is there any role to testing people to understand the epidemiological risks and not telling people their antibody status? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | Scientific sharing is crucial at this time more than ever before, but because of the lag in understanding, can we justify the potential cost to those people who are antibody- tested? |
| cord-344445-slv7r9u7 | With the growing literature and data suggesting the possibility of mutations, unequal impacts on different people and the potential repercussions of the spike protein for those with IgG immunity already, can society in good faith adopt a moral prerogative to put antibody- positive people in the front line? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | 3C- S14- 01 DO WE REALLY NEED FFP? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | But is this a myth? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | But was the three- gene theory really wrong, when the boundaries of genes were not understood at the time? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | But who decides what is false? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | How can they be investigated and what should be considered? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | How do I know if I have enough information to write a paper? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | How has this happened? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | How should my paper be put together to give it the best chance of being accepted? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | If it is returned to me with comments from the reviewers, what should I do? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | Is it an ATMP or non- manipulated cell product, is it a blood product or a pharmaceutical? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | NEXT? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | WHATS NEW WITH TRALI? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | What happens to my paper after I submit it? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | What is my next step if my paper is rejected, either without review or with review? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | What is the value of discussing case studies? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | What should be considered in different clinical situations? |
| cord-010088-s9tfvtao | Where should I try to publish the paper? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | 9 strain of live attenuated mumps vaccine in comparison with the Jeryl Lynn strain Safety and characterization of the immune response engendered by two combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccines Horizontal transmission of the Leningrad-3 live attenuated mumps vaccine virus Mumps antibody levels among students before a mumps outbreak: in search of a correlate of immunity Primary vaccine failure after 1 dose of varicella vaccine in healthy children Outbreak of mumps in a vaccinated child population: a question of vaccine failure? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | : a ten year longitudinal cohort study of American children born in the 1990s Duration of humoral immunity to common viral and vaccine antigens Mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations: are available mumps vaccines effective enough to prevent outbreaks? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Available online at: https://vaccineschedule.ecdc.europa.eu/Scheduler/ByDisease? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Correlates of lymphoproliferative responses to measles, mumps, and rubella( MMR) virus vaccines following MMR- II vaccination in healthy children Detection of mumps virus- specific memory B cells by transfer of peripheral blood mononuclear cells into immune- deficient mice Are cases of mumps in vaccinated patients attributable to mismatches in both vaccine T- cell and B- cell epitopes? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Does the medical profession and the"pro- vaccine"message contribute to the public skepticism regarding immunization? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | How is a response to a vaccine determined? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Is it time to shift the medical and public perception paradigm from"protection of infection following vaccination"to"protection from serious clinical mumps manifestation"? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Molecular signatures of antibody responses derived from a systems biology study of five human vaccines Influenza immunization elicits antibodies specific for an egg- adapted vaccine strain Influenza vaccine failure: failure to protect or failure to understand? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | RT%2DPCR%20and% 20viral%20culture, aid%20in%20diagnosing%20mumps%20infection Diagnosis of acute mumps infection during an outbreak in a highly vaccinated population: mumps RNA or mumps IgM detection? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | The case numbers of more recent mumps outbreaks should always be assessed with this question in mind; are the number of mumps cases increasing, or/ and are we better at diagnosing an acute infection? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | The establishment of surrogates and correlates of protection: useful tools for the licensure of effective influenza vaccines? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | The role of systems biology approaches in determining molecular signatures for the development of more effective vaccines Adjuvants and alternative routes of administration towards the development of the ideal influenza vaccine Trained immunity- based vaccines: a new paradigm for the development of broad- spectrum anti- infectious formulations Could an unrelated live attenuated vaccine serve as a preventive measure to dampen septic inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Therefore, does"immunity"refer to sterile immunity or solely to protection from symptomatic infection? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Therefore, if a correlate or surrogate correlate is unobtainable to define an individual's protection to mumps, should we re- consider and re- focus efforts on optimizing the vaccine using available historical clinical and trial data? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | What defines an effective vaccine, or what constitutes vaccine failure? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | Why Do We Consider Antibodies to Be the Best Measurement of Vaccine Efficacy? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | key: cord-285760-y37ji92k authors: Connell, Anna R.; Connell, Jeff; Leahy, T. Ronan; Hassan, Jaythoon title: Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations — Is It Time to Re- assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | the nova scotia experience Mumps outbreak and laboratory diagnosis Antibody Fab- Fc properties outperform titer in predictive models of SIV vaccine- induced protection Increase in mumps in Ireland in late Assessment of mumps virus- specific antibodies by different serological assays: which test correlates best with mumps immunity? |
| cord-285760-y37ji92k | why and what to do? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | ( with a selfadministered questionnaire with an open- ended question: How does blood donation affect you? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | /socially during or after blood donation?) revealed that perceived negative effects( fatigue, diminished physical working capacity, vertigo/ dizziness, susceptibility to infections etc) |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | : will it become reality? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | After the first 10 years with haemovigilance in the European countries, what has been the outcome of this big effort? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Against this background where should our attentions focus? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Aim: Does the interpretation of reports obtained through Outcome Review lead to an increase in the number of products per run and the overall productivity of the apheresis center? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | An ISO standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Are transfusion guidelines evidence- based? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Being anti- D immunoglobulin a product that has the potential risk of infection transmission, is it appropriate to use indiscriminately as a routine antenatal prophylaxis? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | In addition, how much are we willing to pay for protection against emerging viruses? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Is it a mutual decision making between physician and patient? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Mobilization is also seen following the use of other cytokines( i.e. kit- L, Flt-3 L, IL-3) or chemokines( i.e. IL-8, Gro?), complement activation, etc., but the detailed mechanisms or the interdependence of these other pathways with the ones already proposed have not been worked out. |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Scientific evidence to fully answer the questions'when are platelet components clinically effective'and'what do we really know?'is limited. |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Should patients with thalassemia intermedia be regularly transfused? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | The research theme of this questionnaire is as follows:'What is the level of knowledge and of motivation in the non- remunerated and voluntary blood donation at students?' |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | The subjects selected and debated were( i) what are the medical considerations for reducing the rate of mistransfusion? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | These ties to industry create a tension that actually is or can be perceived as • work internationally; • send young volunteers to international youth forums; • employ young people in your organisation; Why use volunteers in blood donor recruitment? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | We therefore resorted to developing our own model but ask the question: Why not have one international standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | What is however the meaning of informed consent? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Who cares about the quality of life of the chronic patients treated with blood products? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | Who will hear it? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | and( ii) what are the medical considerations for managing a limited blood inventory? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | to apply which screening method? |
| cord-023354-f2ciho6o | your Trima ® can be? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | ( with a selfadministered questionnaire with an open- ended question: How does blood donation affect you? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | /socially during or after blood donation?) revealed that perceived negative effects( fatigue, diminished physical working capacity, vertigo/ dizziness, susceptibility to infections etc) |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | : will it become reality? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | After the first 10 years with haemovigilance in the European countries, what has been the outcome of this big effort? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Against this background where should our attentions focus? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Aim: Does the interpretation of reports obtained through Outcome Review lead to an increase in the number of products per run and the overall productivity of the apheresis center? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | An ISO standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Are transfusion guidelines evidence- based? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Being anti- D immunoglobulin a product that has the potential risk of infection transmission, is it appropriate to use indiscriminately as a routine antenatal prophylaxis? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | In addition, how much are we willing to pay for protection against emerging viruses? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Is it a mutual decision making between physician and patient? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Mobilization is also seen following the use of other cytokines( i.e. kit- L, Flt-3 L, IL-3) or chemokines( i.e. IL-8, Gro?), complement activation, etc., but the detailed mechanisms or the interdependence of these other pathways with the ones already proposed have not been worked out. |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Scientific evidence to fully answer the questions'when are platelet components clinically effective'and'what do we really know?'is limited. |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Should patients with thalassemia intermedia be regularly transfused? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | The research theme of this questionnaire is as follows:'What is the level of knowledge and of motivation in the non- remunerated and voluntary blood donation at students?' |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | The subjects selected and debated were( i) what are the medical considerations for reducing the rate of mistransfusion? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | These ties to industry create a tension that actually is or can be perceived as • work internationally; • send young volunteers to international youth forums; • employ young people in your organisation; Why use volunteers in blood donor recruitment? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | We therefore resorted to developing our own model but ask the question: Why not have one international standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | What is however the meaning of informed consent? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Who cares about the quality of life of the chronic patients treated with blood products? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | Who will hear it? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | and( ii) what are the medical considerations for managing a limited blood inventory? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | to apply which screening method? |
| cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 | your Trima ® can be? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | ( with a selfadministered questionnaire with an open- ended question: How does blood donation affect you? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | /socially during or after blood donation?) revealed that perceived negative effects( fatigue, diminished physical working capacity, vertigo/ dizziness, susceptibility to infections etc) |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | : will it become reality? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | After the first 10 years with haemovigilance in the European countries, what has been the outcome of this big effort? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Against this background where should our attentions focus? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Aim: Does the interpretation of reports obtained through Outcome Review lead to an increase in the number of products per run and the overall productivity of the apheresis center? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | An ISO standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Are transfusion guidelines evidence- based? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Being anti- D immunoglobulin a product that has the potential risk of infection transmission, is it appropriate to use indiscriminately as a routine antenatal prophylaxis? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | In addition, how much are we willing to pay for protection against emerging viruses? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Is it a mutual decision making between physician and patient? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Mobilization is also seen following the use of other cytokines( i.e. kit- L, Flt-3 L, IL-3) or chemokines( i.e. IL-8, Gro?), complement activation, etc., but the detailed mechanisms or the interdependence of these other pathways with the ones already proposed have not been worked out. |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Scientific evidence to fully answer the questions'when are platelet components clinically effective'and'what do we really know?'is limited. |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Should patients with thalassemia intermedia be regularly transfused? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | The research theme of this questionnaire is as follows:'What is the level of knowledge and of motivation in the non- remunerated and voluntary blood donation at students?' |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | The subjects selected and debated were( i) what are the medical considerations for reducing the rate of mistransfusion? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | These ties to industry create a tension that actually is or can be perceived as • work internationally; • send young volunteers to international youth forums; • employ young people in your organisation; Why use volunteers in blood donor recruitment? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | We therefore resorted to developing our own model but ask the question: Why not have one international standard for blood transfusion? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | What is however the meaning of informed consent? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Who cares about the quality of life of the chronic patients treated with blood products? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | Who will hear it? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | and( ii) what are the medical considerations for managing a limited blood inventory? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | to apply which screening method? |
| cord-023364-ut56gczm | your Trima ® can be? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | A dwindling, dispensable, involuting organ; how could it possibly be essential for human ll lives? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | And could such re- infected individuals carry enough virus to infect the immunologically naive population? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | And second: is it infected with a virus or a bacterium? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | And so this essay looks back at history- of virology, vaccinations, and immunology- and asks: what have we learned, and what must be revisited? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | And what about T cells? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Are there host factors that predict severe disease? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | But how did inoculation generate immunity, particularly longterm immunity? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | But how does a CD8 cell find a self- cell with a virus embedded within it? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | But if B cells generate antibodies to kill microbes, what do T cells do( Miller, 2020)? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | But might it have a function during fetal development? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Can they be re- infected- and if so, would they suffer milder disease? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Could these people be partially protected? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Do individuals with low- titer antibodies have fewer memory B cells to combat a future infection? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Does it influence the efficacy or durability of the vaccine? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Does it matter? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Edward Jenner or Benjamin Jesty? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Finally: what about the diffuse, systemic manifestations of SARS- CoV-2 infection? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | First: does the cell that I am surveying belong to my body? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | First: what determines the strength and durability of an immune response to the virus? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | How could you detect a resident inside one of these houses, unless the resident happened to poke his head outside?'' |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | How does the coronavirus behave inside a patient? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | How, then, was the T cell detecting NP? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients Who discovered smallpox vaccination? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | In other words, is there a difference between the infected and the infectious( if so, more stringent isolation protocols might be deployed on those that are infectious until they clear the virus)? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | More generally, why do infections by some viruses, or inoculation with some vaccines, precipitate durable, long- term responses, while the immunity to others wanes over time, causing re- infections, and requiring''boosters''for continuous immunity? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Novel Virus and Novel Case Do Antigens Bear Instructions for antibody specificity, or do they select cell lines that arise by mutation? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Or take an even more basic question that has enormous epidemiological and public policy significance: is there a level, or threshold, of viral load that a patient must carry in order to infect others? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Second: why do some people recover from infection, while others progress to a fulminant, deadly disease? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | What if he stuck a thorn in one of the starfish's feet? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | What if, Burnet reasoned, every B cell expressed only one antibody? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | What words does one use- what phrases- to adequately capture the difference in living in the BV versus the AV- Before Virus and After Virus? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Where did these antibodies come from? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | Why? |
| cord-269023-g21a9ik2 | do they select cell lines[ that are specific for the antigen- i.e. by clonal selection]''? |