bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
acute respiratory	450
influenza virus	353
respiratory syndrome	340
respiratory tract	311
severe acute	280
virus infection	215
respiratory syncytial	190
syncytial virus	185
serum samples	175
respiratory viruses	162
syndrome coronavirus	147
infect dis	144
cord uid	141
doc id	141
dis doi	141
infectious diseases	137
polymerase chain	135
chain reaction	132
immune response	132
present study	129
sars cov	127
respiratory illness	122
united states	120
lower respiratory	118
neutralizing antibody	117
human coronavirus	117
novel coronavirus	116
influenza viruses	114
respiratory virus	111
influenza vaccine	103
public health	101
hong kong	99
virus infections	96
potential conflicts	93
avian influenza	92
pandemic influenza	92
antibody responses	90
symptom onset	85
ebola virus	85
viral load	85
viral rna	84
infected cells	84
viral infection	83
viral infections	83
human metapneumovirus	83
world health	81
antibody response	80
middle east	79
respiratory disease	78
health organization	77
seasonal influenza	76
coronavirus infection	76
east respiratory	76
respiratory infections	75
convalescent plasma	74
cov infection	74
coronavirus disease	72
immune responses	72
described elsewhere	72
statistically significant	70
supplementary table	69
young children	69
risk factors	68
antibody titers	68
cell responses	67
vg vd	66
tract infections	65
older adults	65
upper respiratory	65
sars coronavirus	63
cell lines	63
hospitalized patients	60
bone marrow	59
logistic regression	59
time rt	59
viral loads	58
human bocavirus	58
viral replication	57
nucleic acid	56
antibody titer	56
severe disease	55
coronavirus infections	55
nai treatment	55
clinical characteristics	54
among patients	53
age group	53
human coronaviruses	53
host cell	52
performed using	52
tract infection	51
spike protein	50
dengue virus	50
tissue culture	50
infectious disease	49
neutralizing antibodies	49
control group	49
nipah virus	49
vero cells	49
study subjects	49
disease severity	48
influenza vaccines	47
respiratory viral	47
significantly higher	47
immunocompromised patients	47
influenza vaccination	46
common cold	46
tract disease	46
relative humidity	46
years old	45
human rhinovirus	45
acei arb	45
chronic bronchitis	44
acquired pneumonia	44
may also	44
new york	44
previous studies	44
supplementary materials	44
acei arbs	44
electron microscopy	44
target cells	44
disease control	43
respiratory specimens	43
test results	43
systematic review	43
tested positive	43
healthy adults	43
control patients	42
respiratory symptoms	42
airflow decline	42
cell culture	42
epithelial cells	42
health care	42
plasmodium falciparum	41
clinical features	41
determine whether	40
time pcr	40
severe respiratory	40
confidence interval	40
increased risk	39
respiratory infection	39
significant difference	39
igg antibody	39
within days	39
clinical trials	39
icmje form	38
iu ml	38
infdis jiaa	38
jiaa sha	38
linked immunosorbent	38
hbov infection	38
infected mdms	37
parainfluenza virus	37
amino acid	37
immune system	36
hcov infections	35
like illness	35
positive results	35
live attenuated	35
virus replication	35
fold increase	35
cd cd	35
zika virus	35
kawasaki disease	35
financial support	35
previously described	34
samples collected	34
viral shedding	34
among children	34
transplant recipients	34
clinical specimens	34
post symptom	33
editors consider	33
hmpv infection	33
consider relevant	33
human influenza	33
immunosorbent assay	33
data provided	32
converting enzyme	32
age groups	32
pcr assay	32
time reverse	32
fri episodes	32
pulmonary disease	32
severe pneumonia	32
rhinovirus infection	32
patients infected	32
lymph node	31
vaccine development	31
parainfluenza viruses	31
west africa	31
western blot	31
odds ratio	31
respiratory pathogens	31
immunodeficiency virus	31
herpes simplex	30
sole responsibility	30
proprotein convertases	30
chronic obstructive	30
nasopharyngeal swab	30
median age	30
informed consent	30
serum sample	30
animal models	30
inactivated influenza	30
pdm infection	30
viral pathogens	30
posted materials	30
human immunodeficiency	30
heart failure	30
tract illness	30
type i	29
data suggest	29
high risk	29
genbank accession	29
peripheral blood	29
nucleocapsid protein	29
intensive care	29
infected patients	29
cell cultures	29
severe covid	29
rna viruses	29
obstructive pulmonary	29
virus vaccine	29
current study	28
viral interference	28
closely related	28
reverse transcription	28
infected individuals	28
associated pneumonia	28
cohort study	28
cell line	28
asymptomatic patients	28
plasma samples	28
associated coronavirus	28
diseases online	28
simulated sunlight	28
significantly lower	27
cell fusion	27
viral sepsis	27
flow cytometry	27
described previously	27
simplex virus	27
human respiratory	27
pcr assays	27
endothelial cells	27
study period	27
vaccine virus	27
liver disease	27
bovine serum	27
hospitalized children	27
lymph nodes	27
coronavirus hku	27
antiviral therapy	26
monoclonal antibody	26
liver fibrosis	26
sequence analysis	26
binding domain	26
bronchoalveolar lavage	26
transcription polymerase	26
positive samples	26
infectious virus	26
phylogenetic analysis	26
nasal wash	26
swab samples	26
significant differences	25
children aged	25
community respiratory	25
hcov infection	25
necrosis factor	25
tissue samples	25
clinical samples	25
regression model	25
days post	25
statistical significance	25
healthcare workers	25
results suggest	25
study population	25
west african	24
samples obtained	24
positive patients	24
general population	24
national institute	24
viral detection	24
insect cells	24
respiratory distress	24
applied biosystems	24
homosexual men	24
coronavirus spike	24
significantly different	24
placebo recipients	24
inactivated vaccine	23
pdm vaccine	23
recent studies	23
throat swabs	23
receptor binding	23
weight loss	23
corresponding author	23
virus disease	23
testing positive	23
genital herpes	23
produced virus	23
serum antibody	23
specific cd	23
respiratory illnesses	23
tumor necrosis	23
novel human	23
ldi group	23
single dose	23
severe influenza	23
high levels	23
cytopathic effect	23
situ hybridization	23
pregnant ferrets	22
population immunity	22
pure viral	22
challenge studies	22
monoclonal antibodies	22
clinical symptoms	22
patients admitted	22
blood samples	22
reported conflicts	22
less likely	22
heart disease	22
care unit	22
institutional review	22
room temperature	22
mg kg	22
care workers	22
accession number	22
subsequent fri	22
coronavirus nl	22
emergency department	22
driven entry	22
two groups	22
specific antibodies	22
probable sars	22
time point	22
pregnant women	22
adverse events	22
clinical signs	22
human adenovirus	22
stool specimens	22
also tested	21
soviet union	21
culture medium	21
children hospitalized	21
common respiratory	21
coronavirus oc	21
exact test	21
cell entry	21
also found	21
fri episode	21
stem cell	21
virus shedding	21
genome sequence	21
virus glycoprotein	21
requiring hospitalization	21
hi titers	21
nucleotide sequences	21
influenza pandemic	21
human challenge	21
rsv infection	21
paired serum	21
pcr products	21
indirect immunofluorescence	21
virus detection	21
dendritic cells	21
inflammatory response	20
factors associated	20
viral respiratory	20
experimentally infected	20
cytokine storm	20
acute lower	20
virus entry	20
fetal bovine	20
lung injury	20
prospective study	20
ferret model	20
coronavirus associated	20
time points	20
statistical analysis	20
like particles	20
hcov non	20
negative control	20
important role	20
study group	20
novel hcov	20
controlled trial	20
virus type	20
hemorrhagic fever	20
united kingdom	20
following infection	20
aged years	20
ivig lots	20
oc infections	20
patients hospitalized	20
gof research	20
proinflammatory cytokines	20
hematopoietic cell	20
lung tissue	20
undue influence	19
geometric mean	19
detection rate	19
previously reported	19
viral antigen	19
commercially available	19
either hcov	19
year period	19
animal model	19
clinical outcomes	19
risk factor	19
genomic load	19
rural thailand	19
cellular immune	19
cell response	19
acute phase	19
sample size	19
convalescent serum	19
well tolerated	19
sg hev	19
serological assays	19
two years	19
infect humans	19
infection among	19
immunofluorescence assay	19
similar results	18
protective immunity	18
mononuclear cells	18
asymptomatic controls	18
mortality rate	18
clinical manifestations	18
cell transplant	18
hai antibody	18
pneumonia requiring	18
body weight	18
higher levels	18
nh infection	18
adjuvanted vaccine	18
group i	18
clinical trial	18
accession numbers	18
van der	18
mini kit	18
severe cases	18
two patients	18
fisher exact	18
asthma exacerbations	18
also observed	18
lrt infection	18
review board	18
nasopharyngeal aspirates	18
respiratory diseases	18
coronary arterial	18
substance use	18
highly pathogenic	18
adjuvanted groups	18
chest radiographs	18
leishmania oligoc	18
nk cells	17
small intestine	17
one patient	17
pfsra peptide	17
influenza infection	17
cause severe	17
cell transplantation	17
fusion protein	17
specimens obtained	17
icu admission	17
sars pneumonia	17
infected animals	17
total number	17
technical assistance	17
escherichia coli	17
mg ml	17
macro domain	17
arb use	17
severe illness	17
host immune	17
new human	17
influenza surveillance	17
lung disease	17
findings suggest	17
interval ci	17
pcr results	17
serum specimens	17
confirmed cases	17
specific antibody	17
observational studies	17
influenza activity	17
influenza season	17
innate immune	17
control animals	17
related infections	17
sore throat	17
buffered saline	17
ng ml	17
detection rates	17
hiv infection	17
patients without	17
rabbit serum	17
preseason hi	17
antiviral activity	17
research institute	17
pfu dose	17
viral species	17
chest ct	16
antibody levels	16
angiotensin ii	16
fluid samples	16
virus subtype	16
nucleocapsid proteins	16
primary infection	16
newly discovered	16
ili cases	16
pneumoniae infections	16
hbov infections	16
tract samples	16
antibody avidity	16
rhesus macaques	16
mouse brain	16
infections among	16
igg antibodies	16
mean age	16
human transmission	16
merozoite surface	16
younger subjects	16
proprotein convertase	16
monkey kidney	16
case definition	16
adult patients	16
human serum	16
statistical analyses	16
lymphocyte subsets	16
phase serum	16
bronchitis virus	16
nonhuman primates	16
research participation	16
disease burden	16
analyzed using	16
hcov types	16
congestive heart	16
negative results	16
nasopharyngeal swabs	16
saudi arabia	16
transmission dynamics	16
infection control	16
incidence rate	16
high viral	16
metapneumovirus infection	16
transcriptase polymerase	16
cells expressing	16
airborne transmission	16
seronegative children	15
nucleotide sequence	15
chemoattractant activity	15
virus neutralization	15
high prevalence	15
specific igg	15
disease virus	15
clinical impact	15
influenza epidemics	15
mechanical ventilation	15
fruit bats	15
fatality rate	15
viral etiology	15
clinical course	15
control subjects	15
control measures	15
well plates	15
human parainfluenza	15
national institutes	15
vaccine candidates	15
infected macrophages	15
advanced fibrosis	15
blood cells	15
sequence identity	15
virus titers	15
systematic reviews	15
studies reported	15
human dna	15
corticosteroid treatment	15
blot analysis	15
among hospitalized	15
marrow transplant	15
previous reports	15
avian flua	15
rhinovirus infections	15
clinical research	15
hiv antibody	15
bacterial pathogens	15
hospital admission	15
proinflammatory response	15
interquartile range	15
low levels	15
distress syndrome	15
results indicate	15
total rna	15
peptide antibodies	15
study year	15
several studies	15
hmpv pneumonia	15
severe airflow	15
per year	15
vaccine candidate	15
acid test	15
unpublished data	15
asymptomatic infections	14
first days	14
analysis revealed	14
predicted fev	14
symptomatic patients	14
hospital mortality	14
icu care	14
human parvovirus	14
recent study	14
data set	14
incidence rates	14
phase i	14
older children	14
biopsy specimens	14
ebov infection	14
drug use	14
hcov species	14
also detected	14
apache ii	14
tcid ml	14
older subjects	14
sa kaeo	14
pandemic potential	14
native pfsra	14
time polymerase	14
treated patients	14
may contribute	14
laboratory diagnosis	14
neutralization assay	14
swab specimens	14
specimen collection	14
risk assessment	14
subsequent infection	14
african countries	14
vaccine dose	14
cryptosporidial oocysts	14
virus may	14
antigenically related	14
hematopoietic stem	14
natural history	14
sample collection	14
forward primer	14
high genomic	14
reverse primer	14
total lymphocytes	14
cleavage site	14
rapid tests	14
union research	14
emerging infectious	14
nasal aspirates	14
specimens collected	14
hypertensive covid	14
tract specimens	14
rna extraction	14
hemagglutination inhibition	14
control groups	14
vgamma vdelta	13
bd biosciences	13
detection methods	13
lrt detection	13
confidence intervals	13
respiratory samples	13
year study	13
erythrocyte invasion	13
control study	13
der hoek	13
patients whose	13
ace expression	13
antiviral treatment	13
frequent detection	13
regression analysis	13
ct values	13
pneumonia patients	13
patients presenting	13
human infection	13
cell monolayers	13
zaire ebolavirus	13
blood mononuclear	13
cells specific	13
surveillance system	13
lung tissues	13
ct value	13
vaccine safety	13
university hospital	13
intersectoral collaboration	13
virus isolated	13
severe fever	13
healthy individuals	13
currently available	13
suspected sars	13
bat species	13
previous study	13
opioid use	13
cell lysates	13
type lectin	13
african americans	13
laboratory testing	13
use disorder	13
type ii	13
amino acids	13
chronic diarrhea	13
personal protective	13
currently circulating	13
cd ratio	13
adenovirus type	13
diagnostic tests	13
flua virus	13
clinical outcome	13
viral particles	13
rhinovirus colds	13
masstag pcr	13
total antibody	13
symptom score	13
induced asthma	13
throat swab	13
human disease	13
recently described	13
pleural effusion	13
humoral immune	13
york city	13
gene expression	13
attenuated influenza	13
adults aged	13
infected monkeys	13
medical center	13
randomized controlled	13
infections may	13
virus vaccines	13
infection due	13
influenza transmission	12
kaeo province	12
aspirate samples	12
higher proportion	12
like receptors	12
red deer	12
antigenic relationships	12
clinical disease	12
envelope protein	12
igm antibody	12
newly identified	12
signal peptide	12
elderly persons	12
jiz sha	12
respiratory secretions	12
naturally occurring	12
virus detected	12
asymptomatic control	12
written informed	12
research participants	12
hepatitis virus	12
pcr analysis	12
total symptom	12
young adults	12
inject drugs	12
visceral leishmaniasis	12
hbov vp	12
pcr amplification	12
positive test	12
viral protein	12
disease onset	12
acute infection	12
mouse hepatitis	12
first episode	12
mouse model	12
harm reduction	12
protective equipment	12
viral challenge	12
hai titer	12
adaptive immune	12
diabetes mellitus	12
sample sizes	12
cytokine production	12
red blood	12
cov antibody	12
care facilities	12
epidemiological studies	12
patient care	12
infections occurred	12
virus produced	12
viral envelope	12
fold dilutions	12
tract symptoms	12
future studies	12
hct recipients	12
thrombocytopenia syndrome	12
viral antigens	12
clinical studies	12
associated illnesses	12
without respiratory	12
rousettus aegyptiacus	12
horseradish peroxidase	12
standard deviation	12
significant increase	12
human igg	12
otitis media	12
graphpad prism	12
three patients	12
pathogenic avian	12
infdis jiz	12
infectious bronchitis	12
social distancing	12
recently identified	12
small number	12
host defense	12
culture supernatant	12
confirmed covid	12
respiratory failure	12
positive control	12
nasopharyngeal samples	12
copy numbers	12
spike glycoprotein	12
democratic republic	12
virus isolation	12
tested negative	12
negative test	12
specimens tested	12
complementary dna	12
mrna expression	12
sars cases	12
north america	12
even though	12
multiplex pcr	12
spanish influenza	12
neutralization tests	12
nested pcr	12
age distribution	12
dose cohort	12
cov rna	12
hi titer	12
feral pigeons	12
clinical data	12
diagnostic testing	12
pandemic vaccine	12
highly conserved	12
universal influenza	12
vp vlps	12
vector control	12
york state	12
serological tests	12
viral entry	12
confirmed sars	12
per children	12
calculated using	12
guinea pigs	12
potential cleavage	12
serologic tests	11
pg ml	11
children years	11
second dose	11
infected mice	11
mycoplasma pneumoniae	11
pdm vaccination	11
viral culture	11
rectal swabs	11
based study	11
culture supernatants	11
diffuse alveolar	11
fisher scientific	11
placebo group	11
organ cultures	11
study suggests	11
predictive value	11
paired samples	11
cervical lymph	11
neuraminidase inhibitor	11
simulated saliva	11
asymptomatic individuals	11
alveolar damage	11
close contact	11
rapid test	11
confirmed influenza	11
copy number	11
acute lung	11
age range	11
opioid epidemic	11
causative agents	11
dengue hemorrhagic	11
positive specimens	11
driven transduction	11
trypanosoma cruzi	11
cells infected	11
vp vp	11
illness onset	11
entry driven	11
regression models	11
also showed	11
sda virus	11
infection human	11
significant airflow	11
paramyxovirus type	11
real time	11
data indicate	11
specific primers	11
samples tested	11
vesicular stomatitis	11
epithelial cell	11
cleavage sites	11
relationships among	11
conserved regions	11
become available	11
community outbreak	11
human cases	11
another study	11
cellular entry	11
underlying diseases	11
human population	11
lymphoid tissue	11
retrospective study	11
apoptotic cells	11
flua viruses	11
disease caused	11
bal fluid	11
virus strains	11
rbcv infection	11
study protocol	11
continued acei	11
reactive antibodies	11
viral pneumonia	11
primed groups	11
lung pathology	11
coronavirus vaccine	11
qiaamp viral	11
expression levels	11
staff members	11
second season	11
lymphocyte count	11
reported previously	11
hbov dna	11
ns gene	11
human embryonic	11
zonula occludens	11
sars patients	11
flight patients	11
antibody concentrations	11
sera collected	11
ii receptor	11
may provide	11
family cluster	11
cov igg	11
protein expression	11
human rhinoviruses	11
blood cell	11
subacute phase	11
may play	11
human monoclonal	11
quantitative real	11
hospital stay	11
significantly associated	10
broad spectrum	10
plasma treatment	10
winter season	10
randomized trial	10
included patients	10
signal intensity	10
th day	10
innate immunity	10
sars outbreak	10
initial episode	10
first episodes	10
vaccinia virus	10
right axillary	10
dendritic cell	10
also shown	10
first time	10
ferrets infected	10
reverse transcriptase	10
reactive protein	10
hendra virus	10
serum albumin	10
gastrointestinal symptoms	10
fruit bat	10
hiv seropositivity	10
fatty liver	10
virology laboratory	10
ace receptor	10
serially diluted	10
nl infection	10
vaccine effectiveness	10
another virus	10
intravenous immunoglobulin	10
influenza pneumonia	10
data collection	10
sequence alignment	10
serum antibodies	10
like viruses	10
nonpregnant ferrets	10
white blood	10
including influenza	10
smudge cells	10
absolute reduction	10
hi responses	10
first dose	10
nl infections	10
month period	10
first infection	10
convertase activity	10
breda virus	10
without asthma	10
authors report	10
following vaccination	10
lung biopsy	10
hospitalization rates	10
molecular epidemiological	10
also thank	10
molecular diagnosis	10
positive group	10
infant mice	10
winter months	10
hrv species	10
significantly reduced	10
weeks later	10
ethics committee	10
bloody diarrhea	10
within hours	10
five days	10
neutralization test	10
adenovirus infection	10
contact patients	10
based surveillance	10
illness group	10
gel electrophoresis	10
negative samples	10
hcov detection	10
months post	10
ca i	10
asymptomatic carriers	10
overdose prevention	10
kidney cells	10
species transmission	10
clr signaling	10
severe lower	10
detected among	10
stomatitis virus	10
eligibility criteria	10
higher viral	10
infection date	10
parv dna	10
pmnls lo	10
trivalent inactivated	10
vascular hyperpermeability	10
neutralizing activity	10
hadv genotype	10
syndrome virus	10
prospective cohort	10
lo hpf	10
bocavirus infection	10
derived macrophages	10
transmissible gastroenteritis	10
fecal specimens	10
among persons	10
antigenic sin	10
performance characteristics	10
wash specimens	10
study participants	10
rna polymerase	10
four days	10
acute diarrhea	10
surface protein	10
neutralization assays	10
using real	10
oseltamivir treatment	10
original antigenic	10
symptom scores	10
children less	10
elderly patients	10
treatment center	10
challenge study	10
injection site	10
complete genome	10
biosafety level	10
positive children	10
gnotobiotic calves	10
reproduction number	10
optical density	10
hdpp tg	10
infection may	10
rural areas	10
positive result	10
among older	10
nasal mucosa	10
ccr mice	10
possible cause	10
left ventricular	10
viral proteins	10
two days	10
data show	10
significantly increased	10
tract virus	10
droplet precautions	10
previously shown	10
person transmission	10
immunity passports	10
significant association	10
prevent infection	10
viral cap	10
military recruits	10
may result	10
acid sequence	10
large number	10
pneumonia associated	10
cystic fibrosis	10
sexual practices	10
small sample	10
genetic diversity	10
leukocyte interferon	10
rna concentration	10
asthma exacerbation	9
lymphocyte subset	9
decay rate	9
experimental rhinovirus	9
rxxr motifs	9
specific pcr	9
per patient	9
host disease	9
specific pathogen	9
initial infection	9
increased levels	9
febrile illness	9
wt rsv	9
ari cases	9
fold rise	9
dna copies	9
fibroblast cells	9
hrv infections	9
binding site	9
continuous variables	9
year old	9
new virus	9
rs virus	9
multivariate analysis	9
ventricular cavity	9
direct contact	9
cov vaccine	9
airway epithelial	9
additional information	9
human infections	9
animals dying	9
haemophilus influenzae	9
mediated transduction	9
infected vero	9
animals infected	9
sars virus	9
dependent enhancement	9
diarrhea associated	9
antibody binding	9
relative importance	9
inoculated ic	9
chemokine receptor	9
lots produced	9
clinical presentation	9
infected pregnant	9
determined using	9
also used	9
samples positive	9
rank test	9
southern china	9
whole blood	9
chronic respiratory	9
rna mini	9
uninfected cells	9
pfsra antibodies	9
prevention sites	9
culture infectious	9
control individuals	9
preliminary report	9
dna viruses	9
molecular weight	9
specific monoclonal	9
cycle threshold	9
will need	9
uninfected individuals	9
viruses may	9
serological assay	9
virus particles	9
antibody production	9
adverse responders	9
dengue viruses	9
propensity score	9
newcastle disease	9
immunity passport	9
data support	9
molecular epidemiology	9
strain oc	9
abi prism	9
critically ill	9
avidity indices	9
virus transmission	9
symptom severity	9
electron microscopic	9
organ culture	9
limited data	9
healthy donors	9
included studies	9
promoter region	9
fever onset	9
dna levels	9
mers patients	9
marburg virus	9
clinical management	9
influenza cases	9
reactive antibody	9
phylogenetic trees	9
human macrophages	9
multiorgan failure	9
among young	9
peripheral lymphocyte	9
better understanding	9
recent infection	9
swab specimen	9
pcr using	9
peracetic acid	9
aerosol transmission	9
recombinant nucleocapsid	9
air travel	9
phylogenetic analyses	9
mortality rates	9
fever virus	9
viruses detected	9
normal range	9
mk cells	9
term care	9
whose infection	9
live virus	9
quantitative polymerase	9
synthetic peptides	9
time course	9
nervous system	9
oxygen saturation	9
may represent	9
negative group	9
respiratory coronavirus	9
elderly adults	9
infected ferrets	9
elderly people	9
sialic acid	9
challenge trials	9
infected children	9
negative controls	9
murine coronavirus	9
nonhospitalized cases	9
arterial diameter	9
pneumonia cases	9
without sars	9
naturally acquired	9
significant associations	9
foam swabs	9
salivary glands	9
homologous virus	9
among outpatients	9
disease detection	9
heart weight	9
body temperature	9
seasonal coronaviruses	9
ill patients	9
new coronavirus	9
adjuvanted vaccines	9
lung function	9
taken together	9
microscopic examination	9
proteolytic processing	9
much higher	9
coronavirus pneumonia	9
cold virus	9
positive rate	9
three times	9
one year	9
transport medium	9
animals vaccinated	9
different types	9
way analysis	9
family members	9
patients received	9
hyperimmune immunoglobulin	9
frequently detected	9
study design	9
conducted using	9
np aspirate	9
horseshoe bats	9
northern hemisphere	9
tumor cell	9
west nile	9
prevention control	9
university medical	9
developing countries	9
data available	9
many countries	8
symptomatic hiv	8
plasma donations	8
fully sequenced	8
multivariable analysis	8
vero cell	8
genomic material	8
antiviral drug	8
gdd centers	8
five years	8
income countries	8
relative risk	8
hrsv long	8
inflammatory cytokines	8
two weeks	8
use treatment	8
controlled trials	8
randomized clinical	8
linked glycosylation	8
lamina propria	8
seasonal vaccines	8
nai therapy	8
folate receptor	8
supplementary data	8
considered statistically	8
hai titers	8
tecumseh study	8
tissue tropism	8
better understand	8
immunocompetent patients	8
genetic heterogeneity	8
bronchial wall	8
protective effect	8
parasite culture	8
adults hospitalized	8
clinical setting	8
lymphocyte counts	8
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate	8
one week	8
activator protein	8
evaluated using	8
pathological changes	8
transplant patients	8
clinical illness	8
median number	8
neuraminidase inhibitors	8
effusion disease	8
evidence suggests	8
four months	8
high incidence	8
associated hospitalizations	8
within west	8
kg day	8
repeated infections	8
transduction efficiency	8
discontinued acei	8
without symptoms	8
infection rates	8
human leukocyte	8
infectious agents	8
dna polymerase	8
nasal swabs	8
membrane fusion	8
fri incidence	8
surveillance season	8
wall thickenings	8
swine influenza	8
sftsv rnp	8
antibiotic treatment	8
readily detectable	8
organ transplant	8
epidemiological year	8
nonadjuvanted groups	8
patients showed	8
sensitivity analysis	8
infected cell	8
pulmonary hypertension	8
four patients	8
messenger rna	8
bacterial infections	8
open reading	8
nuclear entry	8
higher rate	8
working group	8
rna extracted	8
cell counts	8
parv infection	8
median period	8
case reports	8
autopsy samples	8
measured using	8
respiratory exacerbations	8
induced myocarditis	8
parasite invasion	8
genomic loads	8
posterior oropharyngeal	8
inflammatory cells	8
epidemiologically associated	8
cc chemokine	8
unknown whether	8
tam receptor	8
endemic coronaviruses	8
tract illnesses	8
nonhuman primate	8
policy makers	8
children younger	8
western blotting	8
pbs containing	8
patients may	8
studies used	8
rsv season	8
study provides	8
cytokine responses	8
lower airways	8
coronavirus strain	8
dengue infection	8
clinical care	8
mild symptoms	8
study sites	8
days following	8
pigeon paramyxovirus	8
infected study	8
thank dr	8
egyptian fruit	8
analysis using	8
genomic rna	8
otherwise healthy	8
spatial separation	8
sg niv	8
large numbers	8
acid sequences	8
protective efficacy	8
asthmatic subjects	8
inflammatory mediators	8
test result	8
case report	8
sequence data	8
nasopharyngeal aspirate	8
showed similar	8
categorical variables	8
significant changes	8
mean titers	8
quasi species	8
antibody tests	8
serologic evidence	8
high sensitivity	8
serological testing	8
human sars	8
gastrointestinal tract	8
least days	8
regarding errors	8
calf serum	8
shed virus	8
might also	8
saliva specimens	8
respiratory exacerbation	8
reaction assays	8
thermo fisher	8
antiviral intervention	8
humoral responses	8
significant correlation	8
global health	8
villous epithelium	8
early stages	8
immune rabbit	8
viral clearance	8
next pandemic	8
underwent bal	8
virus load	8
entry factors	8
sentinel surveillance	8
hi antibody	8
advisory committee	8
arb group	8
oropharyngeal saliva	8
seasonal distribution	8
fluorescent antibody	8
cold symptoms	8
nordihydroguaiaretic acid	8
transfected cells	8
nab titers	8
penton base	8
hku specimens	8
hospital admissions	8
sirna depletion	8
serum hai	8
past years	8
lesion scrapings	8
ivanovsky institute	8
like coronavirus	8
syndrome identification	8
cases occurred	8
receiving interferon	8
cell types	8
cohort studies	8
seven patients	8
attack rates	8
computed tomography	8
right cervical	8
viral preparations	8
pediatric patients	8
high frequency	8
host cells	8
lower limit	8
care facility	8
previously unknown	8
observational study	8
prior infection	8
final concentration	8
culture isolation	8
may lead	8
bal fluids	8
hela cells	8
cell surface	8
vaccine groups	8
expression system	8
messages regarding	8
central nervous	8
infectious viral	8
health research	8
season serum	8
mediated immunity	8
see supplementary	8
assay performance	8
type iii	8
among individuals	8
human endothelial	8
materials consist	8
multiple comparisons	8
urgently needed	8
antibody assays	8
reference laboratory	8
productive cough	8
independently associated	8
protein processing	8
medical records	8
clade ii	7
also occur	7
study found	7
days apart	7
serum plasma	7
demographic information	7
eosinophil recruitment	7
anal intercourse	7
disease transmission	7
encephalomyocarditis virus	7
challenge virus	7
became infected	7
first week	7
subset alteration	7
attack rate	7
significant effect	7
ieip sites	7
inflammatory responses	7
brucei gambiense	7
previous infection	7
commissioned reviews	7
mediated entry	7
symptomatic children	7
viral spike	7
healthy controls	7
may reflect	7
may occur	7
known hcovs	7
mallard england	7
especially among	7
tract viruses	7
obtained within	7
i orf	7
second vaccine	7
probable cases	7
cell expansion	7
platelet counts	7
african american	7
serial dilutions	7
gdd ieip	7
reciprocal hi	7
highest dilution	7
hrv types	7
mallard netherlands	7
data analysis	7
released merozoites	7
infectious peritonitis	7
immune sera	7
cell immunity	7
old age	7
heart muscle	7
will likely	7
national center	7
symptoms associated	7
wild type	7
prototype strains	7
fecal samples	7
asymptomatic infection	7
postmortem examination	7
surveillance sites	7
maximum likelihood	7
sera tested	7
infdis jiy	7
poorly understood	7
healthy endemic	7
dipeptidyl peptidase	7
lower airway	7
significant reduction	7
stranded rna	7
chinese horseshoe	7
ii score	7
modified eagle	7
ct findings	7
dependent manner	7
viral transport	7
viral pathogen	7
host response	7
reverse genetics	7
study showed	7
culture collection	7
vaccine trials	7
detectable virus	7
antibody assay	7
two studies	7
high fever	7
health insurance	7
evd outbreaks	7
kawasaki syndrome	7
sensitivity analyses	7
much lower	7
single hcov	7
rhinovirus serotypes	7
gastroenteritis patients	7
plaque reduction	7
positively correlated	7
response following	7
virus groups	7
birth cohort	7
etiological agents	7
whether hbov	7
infections due	7
circulating viruses	7
case series	7
serum specimen	7
epidemiologic studies	7
antiviral agents	7
experimental animals	7
taking acei	7
allowed us	7
group vs	7
intercellular adhesion	7
adhesion molecule	7
nonstructural protein	7
primary care	7
differential diagnosis	7
copies cells	7
medium containing	7
seropositive individuals	7
lectins dc	7
villous atrophy	7
hsv cft	7
mean value	7
important cause	7
fatality rates	7
cardiac inflammation	7
virus infectivity	7
acute gvhd	7
infections detected	7
post hoc	7
pandemic preparedness	7
avian paramyxovirus	7
highly specific	7
reservoir hosts	7
sas institute	7
bal within	7
safety concerns	7
increased significantly	7
autopsy tissue	7
elderly individuals	7
convalescent phase	7
septic shock	7
clinical isolate	7
close contacts	7
neutralizing titers	7
attenuated rsv	7
rhinovirus genotype	7
assess whether	7
pcr product	7
influenza strains	7
research group	7
assessed using	7
urgent need	7
igm antibodies	7
binding lectin	7
like virus	7
optimized cutoff	7
human cov	7
antigenic cross	7
first case	7
comparative analysis	7
helper cell	7
virus types	7
australian children	7
case studies	7
jiy sha	7
study team	7
fecal viral	7
neutralization antibody	7
matched inactivated	7
host range	7
descriptive study	7
ann arbor	7
eagle medium	7
laboratory tests	7
subgroup analysis	7
host species	7
animal care	7
cell count	7
based vaccine	7
recent report	7
human subjects	7
angiotensin system	7
associated infections	7
transcribed rna	7
canine parvovirus	7
functional receptor	7
individuals born	7
still unknown	7
ethical concerns	7
control samples	7
laboratory animals	7
pandemic virus	7
group receiving	7
clinical significance	7
function tests	7
novel influenza	7
clades i	7
using standard	7
incentive payments	7
virus lineages	7
expanded vg	7
direct patient	7
causing viruses	7
relatively small	7
clinical isolates	7
additional studies	7
envelope glycoproteins	7
virus isolate	7
streptococcus pneumoniae	7
control studies	7
fetal calf	7
malaria parasite	7
first step	7
information regarding	7
pulmonary edema	7
male sex	7
multiplex real	7
medical care	7
identified studies	7
potential pathogens	7
advisory board	7
pdm virus	7
histologic examination	7
complete protection	7
animal coronaviruses	7
differ significantly	7
transmission routes	7
signaling pathway	7
may help	7
assay panel	7
plasma donors	7
adverse responses	7
suspension matrix	7
gradient centrifugation	7
aids study	7
agarose gel	7
beneficial effect	7
goat anti	7
leishmania dna	7
time since	7
vaccine efficacy	7
primary analysis	7
days old	7
decision making	7
since symptom	7
wild birds	7
previously healthy	7
disease specialists	7
early treatment	7
group treated	7
infection became	7
treatment efficacy	7
patients treated	7
viral titers	7
infected calves	7
bacterial infection	7
forming units	7
based vaccines	7
seven days	7
four weeks	7
multiple sclerosis	7
particularly important	7
urt testing	7
pteropus spp	7
severe pandemic	7
clinical scores	7
may affect	7
quantified using	7
significant change	7
criminal justice	7
seronegative participants	7
suspected false	7
exclusion criteria	7
generated using	7
free medium	7
experimental infection	7
malaria vaccine	7
review boards	7
gp subunit	7
phylogenetic tree	7
like receptor	7
plasmids encoding	7
asymptomatic cases	7
asthma symptoms	7
respiratory pathogen	7
chronic gvhd	7
remains unclear	7
disease surveillance	7
virus families	7
solid organ	7
highly effective	7
copies ml	7
coronavirus type	7
receptor tyrosine	7
mycobacterium tuberculosis	7
results provide	7
serum collected	7
feline infectious	7
house nested	7
passport policies	7
one study	7
response groups	7
original magnification	7
body fluids	7
protease cycle	7
medically attended	7
acute viral	7
dutch clinical	7
sars epidemic	7
cardiovascular disease	7
deer calves	7
vascular dysfunction	7
patients receiving	7
watery diarrhea	7
infection prevention	7
odds ratios	7
san francisco	7
acute ili	7
disease due	7
molecular detection	7
sepsis group	7
infection rate	7
bmt intake	7
avian infectious	7
upper airway	7
two consecutive	7
lower mortality	7
endemic control	7
detect sars	7
biopsy samples	7
patients requiring	7
clinical findings	7
tested using	7
observed among	7
became chronic	7
surveillance program	7
medical research	7
study using	6
subacute stage	6
secretory pathway	6
samples used	6
effects model	6
first study	6
maintenance medium	6
age category	6
selection bias	6
novel parvovirus	6
titer rises	6
atrophic villi	6
hrsv infection	6
antibody elisas	6
frequently associated	6
first reported	6
protein cleavage	6
studies indicate	6
activated receptor	6
virochip analysis	6
prolonged viral	6
produced antibodies	6
previously published	6
bronchial epithelial	6
mdms infected	6
rna isolation	6
placebo recipient	6
recombination events	6
one health	6
mouse igg	6
group coronavirus	6
us government	6
etiological role	6
viral extract	6
per milliliter	6
canine kidney	6
clinical manifestation	6
evd outbreak	6
beneficial effects	6
increased expression	6
immune cells	6
hsv isolation	6
promoter regions	6
conducted within	6
inflammatory cytokine	6
processed fragments	6
early nai	6
glycoprotein processing	6
flocked swabs	6
clinical associations	6
longitudinal cohort	6
asked whether	6
cell percentage	6
influenza illness	6
clinical practice	6
within africa	6
stool samples	6
dna sequences	6
humidity levels	6
human enterovirus	6
genetic determinants	6
health sector	6
nonsepsis group	6
urban areas	6
healthy volunteers	6
viral myocarditis	6
pseudotypes bearing	6
hrv infection	6
coronavirus characterization	6
frequently isolated	6
recent years	6
sequence diversity	6
exact tests	6
productive infection	6
virus isolates	6
immune activation	6
lung transplantation	6
demographic characteristics	6
lethal disease	6
positive nucleic	6
median decrease	6
oc infection	6
results obtained	6
acquired respiratory	6
sputum specimens	6
pathologic findings	6
hmpv infections	6
virus rna	6
target cell	6
using stata	6
forced expiratory	6
ifitm proteins	6
antiviral activities	6
lower levels	6
nucleic acids	6
supplementary tables	6
among adults	6
microbial pathogens	6
hubei province	6
extraction kit	6
tiv recipients	6
illness among	6
mean number	6
infectious dose	6
data extraction	6
dry ice	6
barr virus	6
virus hemagglutinin	6
parv viral	6
pediatric population	6
cases per	6
joining method	6
rsv vaccines	6
specific immune	6
research ethics	6
step rt	6
comparative data	6
health response	6
rhesus monkey	6
individual participant	6
hcv oc	6
nasal aspirate	6
chronic lung	6
laboratory data	6
highly immunogenic	6
expressing cells	6
coronavirus isolates	6
persons born	6
rat coronavirus	6
cytometry analysis	6
inhibiting antibody	6
specific virus	6
produced matched	6
relative cross	6
polymerase gene	6
collected days	6
virus caused	6
different viruses	6
histopathological assessment	6
potential targets	6
matrix protein	6
infdis jit	6
zoonotic transmission	6
individuals infected	6
pandemic strain	6
cell frequencies	6
pfmsp antibodies	6
viral coinfections	6
potential confounders	6
immunosorbent assays	6
immunized animals	6
sequence similarity	6
viral stock	6
adverse response	6
samples using	6
park memorial	6
acute exacerbations	6
also demonstrated	6
viruslike particles	6
emerging respiratory	6
national influenza	6
hospitalization rate	6
may increase	6
darby canine	6
crypt epithelium	6
bacterial culture	6
mildly symptomatic	6
purified using	6
commonly used	6
immunosuppressed patients	6
antigen detection	6
seasonal coronavirus	6
clinical presentations	6
large intestine	6
standard curve	6
human monocyte	6
hct candidates	6
interferon treatment	6
cells may	6
symptomatic infection	6
virus loads	6
niv infection	6
enzyme inhibitor	6
cov pneumonia	6
cd ligand	6
positive pairs	6
recovered individuals	6
adult population	6
pooled np	6
much less	6
exposure variable	6
extracted dna	6
cd lymphocyte	6
tissue infections	6
first hrv	6
rectal hsv	6
reach statistical	6
ml range	6
trend towards	6
total igg	6
sftsv genome	6
independent risk	6
poorly defined	6
dna extraction	6
acute stage	6
life technologies	6
laboratory findings	6
pdm vaccines	6
illnesses associated	6
viral diagnosis	6
common colds	6
modified vaccinia	6
low risk	6
inflammatory changes	6
associated acute	6
positive cells	6
newly emerging	6
memorial institute	6
hadv infections	6
east africa	6
potential benefits	6
organ dysfunction	6
swab sample	6
people living	6
inoculated animals	6
atypical bacteria	6
children without	6
may cause	6
tim proteins	6
cell numbers	6
rapid diagnosis	6
microneutralization titer	6
polyclonal antibody	6
significantly greater	6
six patients	6
different age	6
complete replication	6
microneutralization assay	6
rneasy mini	6
cynomolgus macaques	6
sample pairs	6
brain tissue	6
direct benefit	6
patients positive	6
pcr kit	6
high rate	6
blood tests	6
medical conditions	6
also examined	6
motifs located	6
patients presented	6
type culture	6
luciferase activity	6
secondary antibody	6
higher titers	6
antibody testing	6
previously undescribed	6
several limitations	6
specific immunity	6
independent experiments	6
seropositive children	6
many years	6
days later	6
control specimens	6
american type	6
cellular factors	6
sars infection	6
study may	6
left coronary	6
also reported	6
respiratory tracts	6
tm domain	6
crude extract	6
excellent technical	6
bal cell	6
four human	6
hi response	6
unclear whether	6
end points	6
within day	6
virus interference	6
threshold cycle	6
primary human	6
fold higher	6
transcription pcr	6
hospitalized cases	6
separate experiments	6
prospectively collected	6
entry mediated	6
expression plasmids	6
immune status	6
nearly identical	6
three days	6
hev quasispecies	6
human airway	6
cell monolayer	6
animal studies	6
convalescent sera	6
ili incidence	6
less frequently	6
renal function	6
one hundred	6
significantly decreased	6
samples showed	6
adjusted odds	6
infection incidence	6
clinical progression	6
dromedary camels	6
children admitted	6
inhibition cutoff	6
subjectively unreasonable	6
sodium dodecyl	6
fluv infection	6
zika pandemic	6
disease prevention	6
expiratory volume	6
nasal washes	6
reproductive number	6
associated sars	6
nasopharyngeal specimens	6
molecular marker	6
hcov subtypes	6
blood donors	6
participant data	6
strand rna	6
reaction analysis	6
right ventricular	6
studies using	6
acid substitutions	6
natural killer	6
surveillance network	6
rabbit coronavirus	6
wash samples	6
available data	6
median time	6
previously identified	6
inhibitory activity	6
clinical virus	6
routine laboratory	6
mediated cell	6
capture probe	6
nasal secretions	6
among different	6
aged children	6
analysis showed	6
hospital discharge	6
virus ankara	6
patients developed	6
hcov ili	6
us military	6
acid extraction	6
whitney test	6
different virus	6
transmission within	6
antigenic drift	6
pathogenic human	6
infected volunteers	6
discovered coronavirus	6
broad range	6
mucin domain	6
nonadjuvanted vaccine	6
admission rates	6
virus envelope	6
commercial enzyme	6
bal specimens	6
investigated whether	6
rsv disease	6
laboratory confirmation	6
point titer	6
radiological findings	6
african clades	6
first months	6
cov spike	6
paired sera	6
vaccination strategies	6
patients provided	6
oropharyngeal swabs	6
acute hepatitis	6
primary cause	6
denv infection	6
log tcid	6
presenting cells	6
antibody specific	6
diseases society	6
control vbds	6
randomised controlled	6
human rsv	6
clinical suspicion	6
rsv vaccine	6
lrt testing	6
combination therapy	6
potential role	6
significant risk	6
three studies	6
serine protease	6
significant proportion	6
substantial number	6
vp proteins	6
viral suppression	6
molecular evolutionary	6
medical attention	6
using graphpad	6
control calves	6
evolutionary genetics	6
novel viruses	6
rsv surveillance	6
advanced liver	6
cells via	6
genetics analysis	6
roswell park	6
coinfections occurred	6
grabbing nonintegrin	6
tracheal organ	6
embryonic lung	6
aspartate aminotransferase	6
serological evidence	6
limited number	6
united nations	6
small numbers	6
finding suggests	6
major cause	6
inhibitory effect	6
task force	6
short period	6
incubation period	6
determined whether	6
green monkey	6
research center	6
normal activities	6
recently reported	6
false negative	6
mer expression	6
positive pcr	6
virus inoculation	6
surveillance systems	6
ebov entry	6
immunization practices	6
fatal cases	6
highest among	6
lung transcriptome	6
falciparum merozoite	6
identified virus	6
envelope glycoprotein	6
primer pairs	6
viruses identified	6
radiological features	6
pcr testing	6
propensity scores	6
chikungunya virus	6
health protection	6
early phase	6
us population	6
primers used	6
jit sha	6
serologic testing	6
six months	6
ct scans	6
reduced ebov	6
hcp characteristics	6
rural bangladesh	6
broadly cross	6
grant number	6
cardiovascular risk	6
adaptive immunity	6
influenza pandemics	6
driven cell	6
nile virus	6
may well	6
relatively short	6
protocol eligibility	6
seroepidemiologic studies	6
falciparum erythrocyte	6
throughout china	6
clinical diagnosis	6
polyproline region	6
angiotensin converting	6
lung transplant	6
based multiplex	6
antiviral drugs	6
nosocomial transmission	6
serious adverse	6
prior studies	6
randomized trials	6
full genomes	6
discovered human	6
becton dickinson	5
allogeneic hematopoietic	5
infected human	5
microarray analysis	5
underlying conditions	5
treated mice	5
exceptionally potent	5
multiple sequence	5
study clinical	5
mild clinical	5
excluded patients	5
acute exacerbation	5
comparably inhibited	5
invasive pneumococcal	5
negative binomial	5
milder disease	5
length genome	5
using nasopharyngeal	5
mf adjuvant	5
high proportion	5
blastic cells	5
old mice	5
within months	5
model included	5
blood sample	5
class ii	5
aged patients	5
marrow transplantation	5
illness groups	5
human pathogens	5
oxygen therapy	5
mask use	5
iii orf	5
lymphocytic leukemia	5
genome sequencing	5
blood culture	5
los among	5
vaccine licensure	5
strongly associated	5
ethically acceptable	5
different viral	5
poct devices	5
study also	5
multiplex assay	5
gene sequences	5
cells transfected	5
institute medium	5
previous findings	5
strongly suggest	5
borne diseases	5
health regulations	5
associated encephalopathy	5
highly sensitive	5
nab responses	5
vital capacity	5
clinically relevant	5
receptor blocker	5
military training	5
igm rapid	5
primers specific	5
plasma collected	5
alveolar macrophages	5
igg igm	5
wallis test	5
single representative	5
born prior	5
increased likelihood	5
organ samples	5
icu stay	5
illness associated	5
serotype strain	5
significant number	5
among people	5
nonsynonymous mutations	5
supplemental oxygen	5
wantai sars	5
nonalcoholic fatty	5
environmental contamination	5
mortality among	5
ml penicillin	5
viral uptake	5
cell factors	5
university school	5
outcomes among	5
laboratory animal	5
case management	5
newly described	5
production coincided	5
gastrointestinal viruses	5
results showed	5
positively associated	5
specific primer	5
mechanisms underlying	5
comparative studies	5
data also	5
neutralizing human	5
ordinal hi	5
falciparum surface	5
coronary artery	5
increased viral	5
significantly upregulated	5
pcr tests	5
investigate whether	5
atypical pneumonia	5
statistical computing	5
environmental conditions	5
including ppmv	5
china clinical	5
burden estimates	5
vitro studies	5
th cytokine	5
low level	5
including sars	5
often present	5
luciferase activities	5
antiviral effect	5
acute asthma	5
significant levels	5
mn responses	5
high rates	5
detected hcov	5
dwelling older	5
data presented	5
later confirmed	5
earlier studies	5
rectal biopsies	5
monovalent inactivated	5
linked immunospot	5
pulmonary fibrosis	5
positive multiple	5
hospitalizations among	5
african green	5
opportunistic infections	5
pandemic threat	5
representative experiment	5
whereas others	5
pregnant ferret	5
different respiratory	5
cell contact	5
family coronaviridae	5
repeated annual	5
saharan africa	5
endothelial cell	5
airborne precautions	5
human erythrocytes	5
earlier reports	5
cysteine proteases	5
phosphotungstic acid	5
animal covs	5
subgroup genomes	5
many cases	5