This is a list of all the questions and their associated study carrel identifiers. One can learn a lot of the "aboutness" of a text simply by reading the questions.
identifier | question |
---|---|
1571 | For will any man of sense deny that you have spoken well? |
1571 | How shall I establish my words? |
1571 | and what part of it can be truly called a remnant of the land that then was? |
1682 | And ought not the country which the Gods praise to be praised by all mankind? |
1682 | And whom did they choose? |
1682 | And why should I say more? |
1682 | Are you from the Agora? |
1682 | For who always does justice to himself, or who writes with equal care at all times? |
1682 | For you know that there is to be a public funeral? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: And can you remember what Aspasia said? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: And what would you be able to say if you had to speak? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: And who is she? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: Do you think not, Socrates? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: Do you think that you could speak yourself if there should be a necessity, and if the Council were to choose you? |
1682 | MENEXENUS: Then why will you not rehearse what she said? |
1682 | SOCRATES: And what might you be doing at the Council? |
1682 | SOCRATES: But why, my friend, should he not have plenty to say? |
1682 | SOCRATES: Well, and do you not admire her, and are you not grateful for her speech? |
1682 | SOCRATES: Whence come you, Menexenus? |
1682 | What sort of a word will this be, and how shall we rightly begin the praises of these brave men? |
1572 | ''And what was the subject of the poem?'' |
1572 | ''If they are the same, why have they different names; or if they are different, why have they the same name?'' |
1572 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1572 | And how was the tale transferred to the poem of Solon? |
1572 | And is all that which we call an intelligible essence nothing at all, and only a name? |
1572 | And is the thought expressed in them to be attributed to the learning of the Egyptian priest, and not rather to the genius of Plato? |
1572 | And what was the tale about, Critias? |
1572 | And whence came the tradition to Egypt? |
1572 | And( b) what proof is there that the axis of the world revolves at all? |
1572 | Are not the words,''The truth of the story is a great advantage,''if we read between the lines, an indication of the fiction? |
1572 | Are we right in saying that there is one world, or that they are many and infinite? |
1572 | But are probabilities for which there is not a tittle of evidence, and which are without any parallel, to be deemed worthy of attention by the critic? |
1572 | But then why, when things are divided after their kinds, do they not cease from motion? |
1572 | Did Plato derive the legend of Atlantis from an Egyptian source? |
1572 | For how can that which is divided be like that which is undivided? |
1572 | Has not disease been regarded, like sin, sometimes as a negative and necessary, sometimes as a positive or malignant principle? |
1572 | Have not many discussions arisen about the Atomic theory in which a point has been confused with a material atom? |
1572 | Have not the natures of things been explained by imaginary entities, such as life or phlogiston, which exist in the mind only? |
1572 | How came the poem of Solon to disappear in antiquity? |
1572 | How can matter be conceived to exist without form? |
1572 | How can we doubt the word of the children of the Gods? |
1572 | How can we doubt the word of the children of the gods? |
1572 | How or where shall we find another if we abandon this? |
1572 | How, then, shall we settle this point, and what questions about the elements may be fairly raised? |
1572 | In what relation does the archetype stand to the Creator himself? |
1572 | Indeed, when it is in every direction similar, how can one rightly give to it names which imply opposition? |
1572 | Is there any self- existent fire? |
1572 | May they not have had, like the animals, an instinct of something more than they knew? |
1572 | May we not claim for Plato an anticipation of modern ideas as about some questions of astronomy and physics, so also about medicine? |
1572 | Or is there anything more, my dear Timaeus, which has been omitted? |
1572 | Or rather was not the proposal too singular to be forgotten? |
1572 | Or that which is changing be the copy of that which is unchanging? |
1572 | Or, how can the essences or forms of things be distinguished from the eternal ideas, or essence itself from the soul? |
1572 | Or, how could space or anything else have been eternal when time is only created? |
1572 | Or, how could the Creator have taken portions of an indivisible same? |
1572 | Or, how could the surfaces of geometrical figures have formed solids? |
1572 | Or, how could there have been a time when the world was not, if time was not? |
1572 | Or, how could there have been motion in the chaos when as yet time was not? |
1572 | Or, how did chaos come into existence, if not by the will of the Creator? |
1572 | Plato himself proposes the question, Why does motion continue at all when the elements are settled in their places? |
1572 | SOCRATES: And what about the procreation of children? |
1572 | SOCRATES: And what did we say of their education? |
1572 | SOCRATES: Did we not begin by separating the husbandmen and the artisans from the class of defenders of the State? |
1572 | SOCRATES: Do you remember what were the points of which I required you to speak? |
1572 | SOCRATES: One, two, three; but where, my dear Timaeus, is the fourth of those who were yesterday my guests and are to be my entertainers to- day? |
1572 | SOCRATES: Then have I now given you all the heads of our yesterday''s discussion? |
1572 | The prelude is charming, and is already accepted by us-- may we beg of you to proceed to the strain? |
1572 | This being supposed, let us proceed to the next stage: In the likeness of what animal did the Creator make the world? |
1572 | This is the greatest boon of sight: and of the lesser benefits why should I speak? |
1572 | Were they not to be trained in gymnastic, and music, and all other sorts of knowledge which were proper for them? |
1572 | What is this but the atoms of Democritus and the triangles of Plato? |
1572 | What makes fire burn? |
1572 | What nature are we to attribute to this new kind of being? |
1572 | When we accuse them of being under the influence of words, do we suppose that we are altogether free from this illusion? |
1572 | and do all those things which we call self- existent exist? |
1572 | or are only those things which we see, or in some way perceive through the bodily organs, truly existent, and nothing whatever besides them? |
1572 | or created, and had it a beginning? |
1572 | or in what does the story consist except in the war between the two rival powers and the submersion of both of them? |
1572 | or why did Plato, if the whole narrative was known to him, break off almost at the beginning of it? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: And how long must I wait, Socrates, and who will be my teacher? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: Certainly not: for then what use could I make of them? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: How do you mean? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: How do you mean? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: How in the world, Socrates, do the words of the poet apply to him? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: Of what do you suppose that I am thinking? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: What is that, Socrates? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: Why, Socrates, how is that possible? |
1677 | ALCIBIADES: Yes, Socrates, but you are speaking of a madman: surely you do not think that any one in his senses would venture to make such a prayer? |
1677 | And was not his prayer accomplished, and did not many and terrible evils thence arise, upon which I need not dilate? |
1677 | But perhaps we may consider the matter thus:-- ALCIBIADES: How? |
1677 | Can ignorance possibly be better than knowledge for any person in any conceivable case? |
1677 | Consider, my dear friend: may it not be quite otherwise? |
1677 | Did we not? |
1677 | Do you not speak of one who knows what is best in riding as a good rider? |
1677 | For tell me, by heaven, do you not think that in the city the wise are few, while the foolish, whom you call mad, are many? |
1677 | For we acknowledged that there are these two classes? |
1677 | In such a case should we not be right if we said that the state would be full of anarchy and lawlessness? |
1677 | May we not take an illustration from the artizans? |
1677 | Or do you believe that a man may labour under some other disease, even although he has none of these complaints? |
1677 | Or do you think that Orestes, had he been in his senses and knew what was best for him to do, would ever have dared to venture on such a crime? |
1677 | Or is there a difference between the clever artist and the wise man? |
1677 | Or what is your opinion? |
1677 | SOCRATES: A man must either be sick or be well? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And again, there are some who are in health? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And both to the person who is ignorant and everybody else? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And every disease ophthalmia? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And if he do the contrary, both he and the state will suffer? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And if you made many attempts, and each time failed to recognize Pericles, you would never attack him? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And in a similar way you speak of a good boxer or a good flute- player or a good performer in any other art? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And is every kind of ophthalmia a disease? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And must every sick person either have the gout, or be in a fever, or suffer from ophthalmia? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And some men seem to you to be discreet, and others the contrary? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And that there is no third or middle term between discretion and indiscretion? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And there can not be two opposites to one thing? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And there is still another case which will also perhaps appear strange to you, if you will consider it? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And they are not the same? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And would you accept them if you were likely to use them to a bad and mischievous end? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And you regard those as sensible who know what ought to be done or said? |
1677 | SOCRATES: And you use both the terms,''wise''and''foolish,''in reference to something? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Are you going, Alcibiades, to offer prayer to Zeus? |
1677 | SOCRATES: But how could we live in safety with so many crazy people? |
1677 | SOCRATES: But is it necessary that the man who is clever in any of these arts should be wise also in general? |
1677 | SOCRATES: But ought we not then, think you, either to fancy that we know or really to know, what we confidently propose to do or say? |
1677 | SOCRATES: But were you not saying that you would call the many unwise and the few wise? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Did you not acknowledge that madness was the opposite of discretion? |
1677 | SOCRATES: For you designed to kill, not the first who offered, but Pericles himself? |
1677 | SOCRATES: He did not intend to slay the first woman he came across, nor any one else''s mother, but only his own? |
1677 | SOCRATES: He must be either sane or insane? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Ignorance, then, is better for those who are in such a frame of mind, and have such ideas? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Madness, then, you consider to be the opposite of discretion? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Nor again, I suppose, a person who knows the art of war, but does not know whether it is better to go to war or for how long? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Nor are there any who are in neither state? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Nor would any one else, I fancy? |
1677 | SOCRATES: So I believe:--you do not think so? |
1677 | SOCRATES: That ignorance is bad then, it would appear, which is of the best and does not know what is best? |
1677 | SOCRATES: The latter will say or do what they ought not without their own knowledge? |
1677 | SOCRATES: The many are foolish, the few wise? |
1677 | SOCRATES: The senseless are those who do not know this? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Then madness and want of sense are the same? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Very good: and do you think the same about discretion and want of discretion? |
1677 | SOCRATES: We are agreed, then, that every form of ophthalmia is a disease, but not every disease ophthalmia? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Well, and are you of the same mind, as before? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Well, but if Orestes in like manner had not known his mother, do you think that he would ever have laid hands upon her? |
1677 | SOCRATES: While others are ailing? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Would you call a person wise who can give advice, but does not know whether or when it is better to carry out the advice? |
1677 | SOCRATES: Yet you would not accept the dominion and lordship of all the Hellenes and all the barbarians in exchange for your life? |
1677 | SOCRATES: You acknowledge that for some persons in certain cases the ignorance of some things is a good and not an evil, as you formerly supposed? |
1677 | SOCRATES:--If, then, you went indoors, and seeing him, did not know him, but thought that he was some one else, would you venture to slay him? |
1677 | Surely, they are not the only maladies which exist? |
1677 | Their envoys were also to ask,''Why the Gods always granted the victory to the Lacedaemonians?'' |
1677 | We acknowledge that some are discreet, some foolish, and that some are mad? |
1677 | We think that some are sick; do we not? |
1677 | What do you think? |
1677 | You would distinguish the wise from the foolish? |
1635 | ''Then why in this city of Athens, in which men of merit are always being sought after, is he not at once appointed a general?'' |
1635 | ''What about things of which he has no knowledge?'' |
1635 | ),''-- will the art of the fisherman or of the rhapsode be better able to judge whether these lines are rightly expressed or not? |
1635 | Am I not right, Ion? |
1635 | And if I were to ask whether I and you became acquainted with this fact by the help of the same art of arithmetic, you would acknowledge that we did? |
1635 | And will they not choose Ion the Ephesian to be their general, and honour him, if he prove himself worthy? |
1635 | Are not these the themes of which Homer sings? |
1635 | Are you from your native city of Ephesus? |
1635 | As he does not know all of them, which of them will he know? |
1635 | But just now I should like to ask you a question: Does your art extend to Hesiod and Archilochus, or to Homer only? |
1635 | But let me ask a prior question: You admit that there are differences of arts? |
1635 | Do you mean to say that the art of the rhapsode and of the general is the same? |
1635 | Do you think that the Hellenes want a rhapsode with his golden crown, and do not want a general? |
1635 | Does not Homer speak of the same themes which all other poets handle? |
1635 | For the rhapsode ought to interpret the mind of the poet to his hearers, but how can he interpret him well unless he knows what he means? |
1635 | Have you already forgotten what you were saying? |
1635 | ION: And what is there in Homer of which I have no knowledge? |
1635 | ION: Who may he be? |
1635 | ION: Why, what am I forgetting? |
1635 | Is not war his great argument? |
1635 | Let us consider this matter; is not the art of painting a whole? |
1635 | Must the same art have the same subject of knowledge, and different arts other subjects of knowledge? |
1635 | Now would you say that the art of the rhapsode or the art of medicine was better able to judge of the propriety of these lines? |
1635 | Now, Ion, will the charioteer or the physician be the better judge of the propriety of these lines? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And Homer in a better way? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And are you aware that you produce similar effects on most of the spectators? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And are you the best general, Ion? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And can you interpret better what Homer says, or what Hesiod says, about these matters in which they agree? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And do not the other poets sing of the same? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And do the Epidaurians have contests of rhapsodes at the festival? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And he who is a good general is also a good rhapsode? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And he who judges of the good will be the same as he who judges of the bad speakers? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And he will be the arithmetician? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And if a different knowledge, then a knowledge of different matters? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And if you judged of performers on the lyre, you would admit that you judged of them as a performer on the lyre, and not as a horseman? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And if you knew the good speaker, you would also know the inferior speakers to be inferior? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And if you were a prophet, would you not be able to interpret them when they disagree as well as when they agree? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And in judging of the general''s art, do you judge of it as a general or a rhapsode? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And the art of the rhapsode is different from that of the charioteer? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And there are and have been many painters good and bad? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And this is true of all the arts;--that which we know with one art we do not know with the other? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And were you one of the competitors-- and did you succeed? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And who is he, and what is his name? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And will the reason be that this is his art, or will there be any other reason? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And you admitted that being different they would have different subjects of knowledge? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And you are the best of Hellenic rhapsodes? |
1635 | SOCRATES: And you rhapsodists are the interpreters of the poets? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Are there any things about which Homer and Hesiod agree? |
1635 | SOCRATES: At any rate he will know what a general ought to say when exhorting his soldiers? |
1635 | SOCRATES: But he will know what a slave ought to say? |
1635 | SOCRATES: But he will know what a spinning- woman ought to say about the working of wool? |
1635 | SOCRATES: But how did you come to have this skill about Homer only, and not about Hesiod or the other poets? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Do you know that the spectator is the last of the rings which, as I am saying, receive the power of the original magnet from one another? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Do you mean that a rhapsode will know better than the pilot what the ruler of a sea- tossed vessel ought to say? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Do you not remember that you declared the art of the rhapsode to be different from the art of the charioteer? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Is not the same person skilful in both? |
1635 | SOCRATES: My good Ion, did you never hear of Apollodorus of Cyzicus? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Nor do we know by the art of the carpenter that which we know by the art of medicine? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Or will the rhapsode know better than the physician what the ruler of a sick man ought to say? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Surely not about things in Homer of which you have no knowledge? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Tell me, then, what I was intending to ask you,--whether this holds universally? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Then he who has no knowledge of a particular art will have no right judgment of the sayings and doings of that art? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Then he who is a good rhapsode is also a good general? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Then upon your own showing the rhapsode, and the art of the rhapsode, will not know everything? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Then which will be a better judge of the lines which you were reciting from Homer, you or the charioteer? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Then you are the interpreters of interpreters? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Well, but is the art of the rhapsode the art of the general? |
1635 | SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1635 | SOCRATES: What, in a worse way? |
1635 | SOCRATES: Why, does not Homer speak in many passages about arts? |
1635 | SOCRATES: You would argue, as I should, that when one art is of one kind of knowledge and another of another, they are different? |
1635 | Was not this the lesson which the God intended to teach when by the mouth of the worst of poets he sang the best of songs? |
1635 | Were not the Ephesians originally Athenians, and Ephesus is no mean city? |
1635 | Which do you prefer to be thought, dishonest or inspired? |
1635 | Would he rather be regarded as inspired or dishonest?'' |
1635 | Would you like me to explain my meaning, Ion? |
1635 | You ask,''Why is this?'' |
1635 | what is happening to you? |
1681 | And is virtue in your opinion, Prodicus, innate or acquired by instruction? |
1681 | Are not certain things useful to the builder when he is building a house? |
1681 | But do we not deem those men who are most prosperous to be the happiest? |
1681 | But how do you mean, Socrates? |
1681 | But if we are further asked, What is that from which, if we were free, we should have no need of wealth? |
1681 | But surely, if they were a good, they could not appear bad for any one? |
1681 | But what particular thing is wealth, if not all things? |
1681 | But when have we the greatest and the most various needs, when we are sick or when we are well? |
1681 | But why do you not finish the argument which proves that gold and silver and other things which seem to be wealth are not real wealth? |
1681 | But why, as you have begun your argument so prettily, do you not go on with the rest? |
1681 | CRITIAS: And does injustice seem to you an evil or a good? |
1681 | CRITIAS: And if the wicked man has wealth and is willing to spend it, he will carry out his evil purposes? |
1681 | CRITIAS: I should like to follow up the argument, and will ask Eryxias whether he thinks that there are just and unjust men? |
1681 | CRITIAS: Well, and do you think that some men are intemperate? |
1681 | Can ignorance, for instance, be useful for knowledge, or disease for health, or vice for virtue? |
1681 | Can you repeat the discourse to us? |
1681 | Do we not employ in our intercourse with one another speech and violence(?) |
1681 | ERASISTRATUS: What would you wish to hear first? |
1681 | For do we not say that silver is useful because it enables us to supply our bodily needs? |
1681 | For instance, some men are gamblers, some drunkards, and some gluttons: and gambling and the love of drink and greediness are all desires? |
1681 | For what man of sense could ever be persuaded that the wisest and the richest are the same? |
1681 | For who has larger estates or more land at his disposal to cultivate if he please? |
1681 | He was about to add something more, when Critias interrupted him:--Do you really suppose so, Eryxias? |
1681 | Or how could he be the richest of men who might even have to go begging, because he had not wherewithal to live? |
1681 | Or is wisdom despised of men and can find no buyers, although cypress wood and marble of Pentelicus are eagerly bought by numerous purchasers? |
1681 | Or, again, should you call sickness a good or an evil? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And also the instruments by which wealth is procured? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And are not the healthy richer than the sick, since health is a possession more valuable than riches to the sick? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And are they not most prosperous who commit the fewest errors in respect either of themselves or of other men? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And do we think it possible that a thing should be useful for a purpose unless we have need of it for that purpose? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And does not this apply in other cases? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And he appears to you to be the richest who has goods of the greatest value? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And how would you answer another question? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And if any one gave you a choice, which of these would you prefer? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And if anything appeared to be more valuable than health, he would be the richest who possessed it? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And if they appear useless to this end, ought they not always to appear useless? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And so, too, physic is not useful to every one, but only to him who knows how to use it? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And the same is the case with everything else? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And therefore conditions which are not required for the existence of a thing are not useful for the production of it? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And we call those actions good which a man does for the sake of virtue? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And were we not saying before that it was the business of a good man and a gentleman to know where and how anything should be used? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And when we are in the worst state we have the greatest and most especial need and desire of bodily pleasures? |
1681 | SOCRATES: And will not hearing be useful for virtue, if virtue is taught by hearing and we use the sense of hearing in giving instruction? |
1681 | SOCRATES: But can a bad thing be used to carry out a good purpose? |
1681 | SOCRATES: But can a man learn any kind of knowledge which is imparted by word of mouth if he is wholly deprived of the sense of hearing? |
1681 | SOCRATES: But can that which is evil be useful for virtue? |
1681 | SOCRATES: But if he possessed a thousand talents weight of some precious stone, we should say that he was very rich? |
1681 | SOCRATES: But if, again, we obtain by wealth the aid of medicine, shall we not regard wealth as useful for virtue? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Clearly we have not yet answered the question, What is wealth? |
1681 | SOCRATES: In which way do you think you would be the richer? |
1681 | SOCRATES: The reason is that the one is useless and the other useful? |
1681 | SOCRATES: The same to you, I said; have you any good news from Sicily to tell us? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Then if these things are useful for supplying the needs of the body, we must want them for that purpose? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Then if they procure by this means what they want for the purposes of life, that art will be useful towards life? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Then now we have to consider, What is money? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Then our conclusion is, as would appear, that wealth is what is useful to this end? |
1681 | SOCRATES: Then you consider that a man never wants any of these things for the use of the body? |
1681 | SOCRATES: What is useful to us, then, is wealth, and what is useless to us is not wealth? |
1681 | Suppose that we are asked,''Is a horse useful to everybody?'' |
1681 | The youth began by asking Prodicus, In what way did he think that riches were a good and in what an evil? |
1681 | There are persons, are there not, who teach music and grammar and other arts for pay, and thus procure those things of which they stand in need? |
1681 | What the Sicilians are doing, or how they are disposed towards our city? |
1681 | Where would be the advantage of wisdom then? |
1681 | and various other things? |
1681 | can we give an answer? |
1681 | whereas he who is short of means can not do what he fain would, and therefore does not sin? |
1681 | will not our reply be,''No, but only to those who know how to use a horse?'' |
1584 | --or rather, to restrict the enquiry to that part of virtue which is concerned with the use of weapons--''What is Courage?'' |
1584 | Am I not correct in saying so, Laches? |
1584 | And I will begin with courage, and once more ask, What is that common quality, which is the same in all these cases, and which is called courage? |
1584 | And are you ready to give assistance in the improvement of the youths? |
1584 | And is not that generally thought to be courage? |
1584 | And yet Nicias, would you allow that you are yourself a soothsayer, or are you neither a soothsayer nor courageous? |
1584 | Are you not risking the greatest of your possessions? |
1584 | But a better and more thorough way of examining the question will be to ask,''What is Virtue?'' |
1584 | But what say you of the matter of which we were beginning to speak-- the art of fighting in armour? |
1584 | But why, instead of consulting us, do you not consult our friend Socrates about the education of the youths? |
1584 | Do you imagine that I should call little children courageous, which fear no dangers because they know none? |
1584 | Do you imagine, Laches, that the physician knows whether health or disease is the more terrible to a man? |
1584 | Do you not agree to that, Laches? |
1584 | Do you now understand what I mean? |
1584 | Do you or do you not agree with me? |
1584 | For how can we advise any one about the best mode of attaining something of which we are wholly ignorant? |
1584 | For who but one of them can know to whom to die or to live is better? |
1584 | Had not many a man better never get up from a sick bed? |
1584 | How is this contradiction to be solved? |
1584 | In all things small as well as great? |
1584 | In the discussion of the main thesis of the Dialogue--''What is Courage?'' |
1584 | Is not that, on the other hand, to be regarded as evil and hurtful? |
1584 | Is that a practice in which the lads may be advantageously instructed? |
1584 | Is this a slight matter about which you and Lysimachus are deliberating? |
1584 | LACHES: How flying? |
1584 | LACHES: I have but one feeling, Nicias, or( shall I say?) |
1584 | LACHES: Indeed I do: who but he? |
1584 | LACHES: To what extent and what principle do you mean? |
1584 | LACHES: Well but, Socrates; did you never observe that some persons, who have had no teachers, are more skilful than those who have, in some things? |
1584 | LACHES: What can he possibly mean, Socrates? |
1584 | LACHES: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1584 | LACHES: Why, Socrates, what else can a man say? |
1584 | LYSIMACHUS: Why do you say that, Nicias? |
1584 | LYSIMACHUS: Why, Laches, has Socrates ever attended to matters of this sort? |
1584 | LYSIMACHUS: Why, yes, Socrates; what else am I to do? |
1584 | Laches derides this; and Socrates enquires,''What sort of intelligence?'' |
1584 | Let me ask you a question: Do not physicians know the dangers of disease? |
1584 | May not death often be the better of the two? |
1584 | Must we not select that to which the art of fighting in armour is supposed to conduce? |
1584 | NICIAS: And do you think that the same things are terrible to those who had better die, and to those who had better live? |
1584 | NICIAS: What is that? |
1584 | NICIAS: Why, Socrates, is not the question whether young men ought or ought not to learn the art of fighting in armour? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And are we right in saying so? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And at present we have in view some knowledge, of which the end is the soul of youth? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And courage, my friend, is, as you say, a knowledge of the fearful and of the hopeful? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And do you, Nicias, also acknowledge that the same science has understanding of the same things, whether future, present, or past? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And for this reason, as I imagine,--because a good decision is based on knowledge and not on numbers? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And in a word, when he considers anything for the sake of another thing, he thinks of the end and not of the means? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And is anything noble which is evil and hurtful? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And is this condition of ours satisfactory? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And shall we invite Nicias to join us? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And so should I; but what would you say of another man, who fights flying, instead of remaining? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And suppose I were to be asked by some one: What is that common quality, Socrates, which, in all these uses of the word, you call quickness? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And that is in contradiction with our present view? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And that which we know we must surely be able to tell? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And the fearful, and the hopeful, are admitted to be future goods and future evils? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And the knowledge of these things you call courage? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And the same science has to do with the same things in the future or at any time? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And we are enquiring, Which of us is skilful or successful in the treatment of the soul, and which of us has had good teachers? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And when he considers whether he shall set a bridle on a horse and at what time, he is thinking of the horse and not of the bridle? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And when you call in an adviser, you should see whether he too is skilful in the accomplishment of the end which you have in view? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And would you do so too, Melesias? |
1584 | SOCRATES: And you would say that a wise endurance is also good and noble? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But as to the epithet''wise,''--wise in what? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But then, Nicias, courage, according to this new definition of yours, instead of being a part of virtue only, will be all virtue? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But we were saying that courage is one of the parts of virtue? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But what is this knowledge then, and of what? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But what would you say of a foolish endurance? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But would there not arise a prior question about the nature of the art of which we want to find the masters? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But, my dear friend, should not the good sportsman follow the track, and not be lazy? |
1584 | SOCRATES: But, surely, this is a foolish endurance in comparison with the other? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Do you agree with me about the parts? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Do you hear him, Laches? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Do you understand his meaning, Laches? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Great care, then, is required in this matter? |
1584 | SOCRATES: His one vote would be worth more than the vote of all us four? |
1584 | SOCRATES: How so? |
1584 | SOCRATES: I will endeavour to explain; you would call a man courageous who remains at his post, and fights with the enemy? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Must we not then first of all ask, whether there is any one of us who has knowledge of that about which we are deliberating? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Nor the wisdom which plays the lyre? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Suppose that we instruct instead of abusing him? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Tell him then, Nicias, what you mean by this wisdom; for you surely do not mean the wisdom which plays the flute? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Then must we not first know the nature of virtue? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Then which of the parts of virtue shall we select? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Then you would not admit that sort of endurance to be courage-- for it is not noble, but courage is noble? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Then, Laches, we may presume that we know the nature of virtue? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Then, according to you, only the wise endurance is courage? |
1584 | SOCRATES: What is Laches saying, Nicias? |
1584 | SOCRATES: What is it, Nicias? |
1584 | SOCRATES: What, Lysimachus, are you going to accept the opinion of the majority? |
1584 | SOCRATES: Why do you say so, Laches? |
1584 | Should we not select him who knew and had practised the art, and had the best teachers? |
1584 | Socrates proceeds: We might ask who are our teachers? |
1584 | Tell me, my boys, whether this is the Socrates of whom you have often spoken? |
1584 | There is this sort of courage-- is there not, Laches? |
1584 | What do you say to that alteration in your statement? |
1584 | What do you say, Socrates-- will you comply? |
1584 | What do you say? |
1584 | Who are they who, having been inferior persons, have become under your care good and noble? |
1584 | Would you not say the same? |
1584 | do you mean to say that the soothsayer ought to know the grounds of hope or fear? |
1584 | or are the physicians the same as the courageous? |
1584 | or do the courageous know them? |
1642 | ''Are they really true?'' |
1642 | ''Is all the just pious?'' |
1642 | ''Then what part of justice is piety?'' |
1642 | And must you not allow that what is hated by one god may be liked by another? |
1642 | Are all these tales of the gods true, Euthyphro? |
1642 | As in the case of horses, you may observe that when attended to by the horseman''s art they are benefited and improved, are they not? |
1642 | But I see plainly that you are not disposed to instruct me-- clearly not: else why, when we reached the point, did you turn aside? |
1642 | But Socrates would like first of all to have a more satisfactory answer to the question,''What is piety?'' |
1642 | But although they are the givers of all good, how can we give them any good in return? |
1642 | But how do pious or holy acts make the gods any better? |
1642 | But in what way does he say that you corrupt the young? |
1642 | But just at present I would rather hear from you a more precise answer, which you have not as yet given, my friend, to the question, What is''piety''? |
1642 | But may there not be differences of opinion, as among men, so also among the gods? |
1642 | But what is the charge which he brings against you? |
1642 | But what is the meaning of''attending''to the gods? |
1642 | Do we not go at once to arithmetic, and put an end to them by a sum? |
1642 | Do you dissent? |
1642 | Do you mean that they are a sort of science of praying and sacrificing? |
1642 | Do you mean that we prefer requests and give gifts to them? |
1642 | Do you not agree? |
1642 | Do you not agree? |
1642 | Do you not recollect that there was one idea which made the impious impious, and the pious pious? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: And do you imagine, Socrates, that any benefit accrues to the gods from our gifts? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: And who is he? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: How do you mean, Socrates? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: Then some one else has been prosecuting you? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: What else, but tributes of honour; and, as I was just now saying, what pleases them? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: Why have you left the Lyceum, Socrates? |
1642 | EUTHYPHRO: Why not, Socrates? |
1642 | For surely neither God nor man will ever venture to say that the doer of injustice is not to be punished? |
1642 | Have you forgotten? |
1642 | How would you show that all the gods absolutely agree in approving of his act? |
1642 | I suppose that you follow me now? |
1642 | Is it not so? |
1642 | Is not piety in every action always the same? |
1642 | Is not that true? |
1642 | Please then to tell me, what is the nature of this service to the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Again, there is an art which ministers to the ship- builder with a view to the attainment of some result? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And I should also conceive that the art of the huntsman is the art of attending to dogs? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And are you not saying that what is loved of the gods is holy; and is not this the same as what is dear to them-- do you see? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And does piety or holiness, which has been defined to be the art of attending to the gods, benefit or improve them? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And further, Euthyphro, the gods were admitted to have enmities and hatreds and differences? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And is not attention always designed for the good or benefit of that to which the attention is given? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And is not that which is beloved distinct from that which loves? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And is, then, all which is just pious? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And now tell me, my good friend, about the art which ministers to the gods: what work does that help to accomplish? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And of the many and fair things done by the gods, which is the chief or principal one? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And of what is he accused? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And sacrificing is giving to the gods, and prayer is asking of the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And that which is dear to the gods is loved by them, and is in a state to be loved of them because it is loved of them? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And the quarrels of the gods, noble Euthyphro, when they occur, are of a like nature? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And the same is true of what is led and of what is seen? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And upon this view the same things, Euthyphro, will be pious and also impious? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And we end a controversy about heavy and light by resorting to a weighing machine? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And well said? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And what do you say of piety, Euthyphro: is not piety, according to your definition, loved by all the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And what is piety, and what is impiety? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And what is your suit, Euthyphro? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And what sort of difference creates enmity and anger? |
1642 | SOCRATES: And when you say this, can you wonder at your words not standing firm, but walking away? |
1642 | SOCRATES: As the art of the oxherd is the art of attending to oxen? |
1642 | SOCRATES: As there is an art which ministers to the house- builder with a view to the building of a house? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Because it is pious or holy, or for some other reason? |
1642 | SOCRATES: But do they admit their guilt, Euthyphro, and yet say that they ought not to be punished? |
1642 | SOCRATES: But for their good? |
1642 | SOCRATES: But if not, Euthyphro, what is the meaning of gifts which are conferred by us upon the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: But what differences are there which can not be thus decided, and which therefore make us angry and set us at enmity with one another? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Does not every man love that which he deems noble and just and good, and hate the opposite of them? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Good: but I must still ask what is this attention to the gods which is called piety? |
1642 | SOCRATES: I should suppose that the art of horsemanship is the art of attending to horses? |
1642 | SOCRATES: In like manner holiness or piety is the art of attending to the gods?--that would be your meaning, Euthyphro? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Is not that which is loved in some state either of becoming or suffering? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Is not the right way of asking to ask of them what we want? |
1642 | SOCRATES: It is loved because it is holy, not holy because it is loved? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Many and fair, too, are the works of the husbandman, if I am not mistaken; but his chief work is the production of food from the earth? |
1642 | SOCRATES: May not this be the reason, Euthyphro, why I am charged with impiety-- that I can not away with these stories about the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Medicine is also a sort of ministration or service, having in view the attainment of some object-- would you not say of health? |
1642 | SOCRATES: No doubt, Euthyphro; but you would admit that there are many other pious acts? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Nor is every one qualified to attend to dogs, but only the huntsman? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Of whom? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Or suppose that we differ about magnitudes, do we not quickly end the differences by measuring? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Ought we to enquire into the truth of this, Euthyphro, or simply to accept the mere statement on our own authority and that of others? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Piety, then, is pleasing to the gods, but not beneficial or dear to them? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Tell me then, oh tell me-- what is that fair work which the gods do by the help of our ministrations? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Then once more the assertion is repeated that piety is dear to the gods? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Then piety, Euthyphro, is an art which gods and men have of doing business with one another? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Then the same things are hated by the gods and loved by the gods, and are both hateful and dear to them? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Then we must begin again and ask, What is piety? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Then, if piety is a part of justice, I suppose that we should enquire what part? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Upon this view, then, piety is a science of asking and giving? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Well, but speaking of men, Euthyphro, did you ever hear any one arguing that a murderer or any sort of evil- doer ought to be let off? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Well; and now tell me, is that which is carried in this state of carrying because it is carried, or for some other reason? |
1642 | SOCRATES: What is the charge? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Who is he? |
1642 | SOCRATES: Why, has the fugitive wings? |
1642 | Shall I tell you in what respect? |
1642 | Shall this be our definition of piety and impiety? |
1642 | Socrates, who is desirous of stimulating the indolent intelligence of Euthyphro, raises the question in another manner:''Is all the pious just?'' |
1642 | Surely you can not be concerned in a suit before the King, like myself? |
1642 | Tell me, then-- Is not that which is pious necessarily just? |
1642 | To what end do we serve the gods, and what do we help them to accomplish? |
1642 | Was not that said? |
1642 | Were we not saying that the holy or pious was not the same with that which is loved of the gods? |
1642 | What are they? |
1642 | What do you say? |
1642 | What else can I say, confessing as I do, that I know nothing about them? |
1642 | What should I be good for without it? |
1642 | What then is piety? |
1642 | Would you not say that victory in war is the chief of them? |
1642 | Would you say that when you do a holy act you make any of the gods better? |
1642 | You know that in all such cases there is a difference, and you know also in what the difference lies? |
1642 | and what are you doing in the Porch of the King Archon? |
1642 | are you the pursuer or the defendant? |
1642 | my companion, and will you leave me in despair? |
1642 | my good man? |
1642 | or, is that which is pious all just, but that which is just, only in part and not all, pious? |
1673 | And that person is he who is good at calculation-- the arithmetician? |
1673 | But is it better to do wrong intentionally or unintentionally? |
1673 | But to return: what say you of Odysseus and Achilles? |
1673 | EUDICUS: Why are you silent, Socrates, after the magnificent display which Hippias has been making? |
1673 | For example, had a man better have a rudder with which he will steer ill, voluntarily or involuntarily? |
1673 | For who always does justice to himself, or who writes with equal care at all times? |
1673 | HIPPIAS: Certainly not, Socrates; what makes you say so? |
1673 | HIPPIAS: Certainly; how can I have any other? |
1673 | HIPPIAS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1673 | HIPPIAS: Where is that? |
1673 | He who runs slowly voluntarily, or he who runs slowly involuntarily? |
1673 | I will therefore remind you of what you were saying: were you not saying that Achilles was a true man, and Odysseus false and wily? |
1673 | Is he not the good man? |
1673 | Is not he who is better made able to assume evil and disgraceful figures and postures voluntarily, as he who is worse made assumes them involuntarily? |
1673 | Is not the same person best able to speak falsely or to speak truly about diagrams; and he is-- the geometrician? |
1673 | Must it not be so? |
1673 | Must not justice, at all events, be one of these? |
1673 | Please to answer once more: Is not justice a power, or knowledge, or both? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And Homer must be presumed to have meant that the true man is not the same as the false? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And are you not likewise said to speak truly about calculation? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And being as you are the wisest and ablest of men in these matters of calculation, are you not also the best? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And could you speak falsehoods about them equally well? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And does not the same hold of astronomy? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And does not the same hold of the bow and the lyre, the flute and all other things? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And having this knowledge, are they ignorant, or are they wise? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And he who runs slowly runs badly? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And he who runs slowly runs ill, and he who runs quickly runs well? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And he who runs well is a good runner, and he who runs ill is a bad runner? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And if a species of doing, a species of action? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And if justice is knowledge, then the wiser will be the juster soul, and the more ignorant the more unjust? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And if some one were to ask you what is the sum of 3 multiplied by 700, you would tell him the true answer in a moment, if you pleased? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And if they are prudent, do they know or do they not know what they do? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is it better to possess the mind of an archer who voluntarily or involuntarily misses the mark? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is it worse or more dishonourable at a wrestling match, to fall, or to throw another? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is not blinking a defect in the eyes? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is not running a species of doing? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is not the soul which has the greater power and wisdom also better, and better able to do both good and evil in every action? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And is that your own opinion, Hippias? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And now do you perceive that the same person has turned out to be false as well as true? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And should we not desire to have our own minds in the best state possible? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And tell me, Hippias, are you not a skilful calculator and arithmetician? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And that would be true of a dog, or of any other animal? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And the good man is he who has the good soul, and the bad man is he who has the bad? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And the true differ from the false-- the true and the false are the very opposite of each other? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And there are bad runners? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And therefore you would be the most able to tell the truth about these matters, would you not? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And to do injustice is to do ill, and not to do injustice is to do well? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And were you not yourself just now shown to be best able to speak falsely about calculation? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And what do you say about grace, Hippias? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of an unmusical voice; would you prefer the voice which is voluntarily or involuntarily out of tune? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of the art of medicine;--has not the mind which voluntarily works harm to the body, more of the healing art? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of the characters of slaves? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And will not the better and abler soul when it does wrong, do wrong voluntarily, and the bad soul involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And will our minds be better if they do wrong and make mistakes voluntarily or involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And would you choose to possess goods or evils? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And would you rather always have eyes with which you might voluntarily blink and not see, or with which you might involuntarily blink? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And would you rather have a horse of such a temper that you may ride him ill voluntarily or involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: And would you rather have feet which are voluntarily or involuntarily lame? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Are you not also skilled in geometry? |
1673 | SOCRATES: But is not lameness a defect or deformity? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Do you not see, then, that the same man is false and also true about the same matters? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Do you say that the false, like the sick, have no power to do things, or that they have the power to do things? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Does the false man tell lies about other things, but not about number, or when he is making a calculation? |
1673 | SOCRATES: He and no one else is good at it? |
1673 | SOCRATES: I am very desirous, Hippias, of examining this question, as to which are the better-- those who err voluntarily or involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: In a word, then, the false are they who are wise and have the power to speak falsely? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Is not that because you are the wisest and ablest of men in these matters? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Now, Hippias, I think that I understand your meaning; when you say that Odysseus is wily, you clearly mean that he is false? |
1673 | SOCRATES: O rare Hippias, will you be so good as not to laugh, if I find a difficulty in following you, and repeat my questions several times over? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Shall we examine other instances? |
1673 | SOCRATES: That would be the better horse? |
1673 | SOCRATES: The involuntary is the worse of the two? |
1673 | SOCRATES: The soul, then, which acts ill, acts voluntarily by power and art-- and these either one or both of them are elements of justice? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then Odysseus would appear after all to be better than Achilles? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then a man who has not the power of speaking falsely and is ignorant can not be false? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then he who involuntarily does evil actions, is worse in a race than he who does them voluntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then he who runs badly does a bad and dishonourable action in a race? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then in a race, and in running, swiftness is a good, and slowness is an evil quality? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then in astronomy also, the same man will be true and false? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then in the art of medicine the voluntary is better than the involuntary? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then in your own case you deem that which voluntarily acts ill, better than that which involuntarily acts ill? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then may we further assume, Hippias, that there are men who are false about calculation and number? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then the good man will voluntarily do wrong, and the bad man involuntarily, if the good man is he who has the good soul? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then the good runner does this bad and disgraceful action voluntarily, and the bad involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then the mind which involuntarily errs is worse than the mind which errs voluntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then the same person is able to speak both falsely and truly about calculation? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then they are prudent, I suppose? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then voluntary ungracefulness comes from excellence of the bodily frame, and involuntary from the defect of the bodily frame? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then with a horse of better temper, vicious actions would be produced voluntarily; and with a horse of bad temper involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then, Hippias, he who voluntarily does wrong and disgraceful things, if there be such a man, will be the good man? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then, according to you, they are both powerful and wily, are they not? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then, according to your view, it would seem that the false are to be ranked in the class of the powerful and wise? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Then, at a wrestling match, he who voluntarily does base and dishonourable actions is a better wrestler than he who does them involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: This would be the better mind for the purposes of archery? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Well, and does not the same hold in that science also? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Well, but at a wrestling match-- which is the better wrestler, he who falls voluntarily or involuntarily? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Which of the two then is a better runner? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Who can they be? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Who, then, Hippias, is discovered to be false at calculation? |
1673 | SOCRATES: Why, were not the voluntary liars only just now shown to be better than the involuntary? |
1673 | Which is the better of the two? |
1673 | Why do you not either refute his words, if he seems to you to have been wrong in any point, or join with us in commending him? |
1673 | Will you tell me, and then I shall perhaps understand you better; has not Homer made Achilles wily? |
1673 | Would the ignorant man be better able to tell a falsehood in matters of calculation than you would be, if you chose? |
1673 | Would you not call a man able who could do that? |
1673 | and in what particular does either surpass the other? |
1600 | ''And how, Socrates,''she said with a smile,''can Love be acknowledged to be a great god by those who say that he is not a god at all?'' |
1600 | ''And is that which is not wise, ignorant? |
1600 | ''And is this wish and this desire common to all? |
1600 | ''And not only the possession, but the everlasting possession of the good?'' |
1600 | ''And what does he gain who possesses the good?'' |
1600 | ''And what may that be?'' |
1600 | ''And what,''I said,''is his power?'' |
1600 | ''And who are they?'' |
1600 | ''And who,''I said,''was his father, and who his mother?'' |
1600 | ''And you admitted that Love, because he was in want, desires those good and fair things of which he is in want?'' |
1600 | ''And you mean by the happy, those who are the possessors of things good or fair?'' |
1600 | ''But how can he be a god who has no portion in what is either good or fair?'' |
1600 | ''But who then, Diotima,''I said,''are the lovers of wisdom, if they are neither the wise nor the foolish?'' |
1600 | ''But why of generation?'' |
1600 | ''By those who know or by those who do not know?'' |
1600 | ''Do you know what I am meditating? |
1600 | ''How can that be?'' |
1600 | ''Hush,''she cried;''must that be foul which is not fair?'' |
1600 | ''Right opinion,''she replied;''which, as you know, being incapable of giving a reason, is not knowledge( for how can knowledge be devoid of reason? |
1600 | ''Still,''she said,''the answer suggests a further question: What is given by the possession of beauty?'' |
1600 | ''Then if this be the nature of love, can you tell me further,''she said,''what is the manner of the pursuit? |
1600 | ''Then love,''she said,''may be described generally as the love of the everlasting possession of the good?'' |
1600 | ''To which must be added that they love the possession of the good?'' |
1600 | ''What are you meditating?'' |
1600 | ''What do you mean, Diotima,''I said,''is love then evil and foul?'' |
1600 | ''What is he, Diotima?'' |
1600 | ''What then is Love?'' |
1600 | ''What then?'' |
1600 | ''What then?'' |
1600 | ''Why, then,''she rejoined,''are not all men, Socrates, said to love, but only some of them? |
1600 | ''Will you have a very drunken man as a companion of your revels? |
1600 | ''Would you desire better witness?'' |
1600 | And I remember her once saying to me,''What is the cause, Socrates, of love, and the attendant desire? |
1600 | And Socrates, looking at Eryximachus, said: Tell me, son of Acumenus, was there not reason in my fears? |
1600 | And am I not right in asserting that there are two goddesses? |
1600 | And are you not a flute- player? |
1600 | And as you have spoken so eloquently of his nature, may I ask you further, Whether love is the love of something or of nothing? |
1600 | And does he possess, or does he not possess, that which he loves and desires? |
1600 | And first tell me, he said, were you present at this meeting? |
1600 | And if this is true, Love is the love of beauty and not of deformity? |
1600 | And now, said Socrates, I will ask about Love:--Is Love of something or of nothing? |
1600 | And suppose further, that when he saw their perplexity he said:''Do you desire to be wholly one; always day and night to be in one another''s company? |
1600 | And the admission has been already made that Love is of something which a man wants and has not? |
1600 | And when you say, I desire that which I have and nothing else, is not your meaning that you want to have what you now have in the future?'' |
1600 | And would you call that beautiful which wants and does not possess beauty? |
1600 | And you would say the same of a mother? |
1600 | Are they not all the works of his wisdom, born and begotten of him? |
1600 | Are we to have neither conversation nor singing over our cups; but simply to drink as if we were thirsty? |
1600 | But Love desires the beautiful; and then arises the question, What does he desire of the beautiful? |
1600 | But before the many you would not be ashamed, if you thought that you were doing something disgraceful in their presence? |
1600 | But first tell me; if I come in shall we have the understanding of which I spoke( supra Will you have a very drunken man? |
1600 | But what have you done with Socrates? |
1600 | But why again does this extend not only to men but also to animals? |
1600 | By Heracles, he said, what is this? |
1600 | By all means; but who makes the third partner in our revels? |
1600 | Can you tell me why?'' |
1600 | Consider then: How can the drinking be made easiest? |
1600 | Do you expect to shoot your bolt and escape, Aristophanes? |
1600 | Eryximachus said: What is this, Alcibiades? |
1600 | First, is not love of something, and of something too which is wanting to a man? |
1600 | For he who is anything can not want to be that which he is? |
1600 | For what lover would not choose rather to be seen by all mankind than by his beloved, either when abandoning his post or throwing away his arms? |
1600 | He desires, of course, the possession of the beautiful;--but what is given by that? |
1600 | He must agree with us-- must he not? |
1600 | I am especially struck with the beauty of the concluding words-- who could listen to them without amazement? |
1600 | I asked;''Is he mortal?'' |
1600 | I said,''O thou stranger woman, thou sayest well; but, assuming Love to be such as you say, what is the use of him to men?'' |
1600 | I was astonished at her words, and said:''Is this really true, O thou wise Diotima?'' |
1600 | I will also tell, if you please-- and indeed I am bound to tell-- of his courage in battle; for who but he saved my life? |
1600 | Is he not like a Silenus in this? |
1600 | Is that the meaning of your praise? |
1600 | Is there anything?'' |
1600 | Man may be supposed to act thus from reason; but why should animals have these passionate feelings? |
1600 | May I say without impiety or offence, that of all the blessed gods he is the most blessed because he is the fairest and best? |
1600 | Of what am I speaking? |
1600 | On his appearing he and the host jest a little; the question is then asked by Pausanias, one of the guests,''What shall they do about drinking? |
1600 | Or shall I crown Agathon, which was my intention in coming, and go away? |
1600 | Or who would desert his beloved or fail him in the hour of danger? |
1600 | Or who would not have such children as Lycurgus left behind him to be the saviours, not only of Lacedaemon, but of Hellas, as one may say? |
1600 | See you how fond he is of the fair? |
1600 | She said to me:''And do you expect ever to become a master in the art of love, if you do not know this?'' |
1600 | So I gave him a shake, and I said:''Socrates, are you asleep?'' |
1600 | Socrates asks: Who are his father and mother? |
1600 | That is, of a brother or sister? |
1600 | The same to you, said Eryximachus; but what shall we do? |
1600 | Then Love wants and has not beauty? |
1600 | Then in wanting the beautiful, love wants also the good? |
1600 | Then it must have been a long while ago, he said; and who told you-- did Socrates? |
1600 | Then would you still say that love is beautiful? |
1600 | Then, said Glaucon, let us have the tale over again; is not the road to Athens just made for conversation? |
1600 | What are you about? |
1600 | What do you suppose must have been my feelings, after this rejection, at the thought of my own dishonour? |
1600 | What do you think, Eryximachus? |
1600 | What do you think? |
1600 | What do you want? |
1600 | What say you to going with me unasked? |
1600 | Who will deny that the creation of the animals is his doing? |
1600 | Who would not emulate them in the creation of children such as theirs, which have preserved their memory and given them everlasting glory? |
1600 | Who would not sooner have these children of the mind than the ordinary human ones? |
1600 | Who, if not you, should be the reporter of the words of your friend? |
1600 | Who, when he thinks of Homer and Hesiod and other great poets, would not rather have their children than ordinary human ones? |
1600 | Why then is there all this flutter and excitement about love? |
1600 | Why, my dear friend, said Socrates, must not I or any one be in a strait who has to speak after he has heard such a rich and varied discourse? |
1600 | Will that be agreeable to you? |
1600 | Will you drink with me or not?'' |
1600 | Will you laugh at me because I am drunk? |
1600 | Would he who is great, desire to be great, or he who is strong, desire to be strong? |
1600 | Would that be an ignoble life?'' |
1600 | Yet let me ask you one more question in order to illustrate my meaning: Is not a brother to be regarded essentially as a brother of something? |
1600 | You were quite right in coming, said Agathon; but where is he himself? |
1600 | and do all men always desire their own good, or only some men?--what say you?'' |
1600 | and was I not a true prophet when I said that Agathon would make a wonderful oration, and that I should be in a strait? |
1600 | and what is the object which they have in view? |
1600 | do you not see that there is a mean between wisdom and ignorance?'' |
1600 | etc.)? |
1600 | said Alcibiades: shall I attack him and inflict the punishment before you all? |
1600 | said Socrates; are you going to raise a laugh at my expense? |
1600 | what are they doing who show all this eagerness and heat which is called love? |
1580 | ), said he; did I ever acknowledge that those who do the business of others are temperate? |
1580 | Admitting this view, I ask of you, what good work, worthy of the name wise, does temperance or wisdom, which is the science of itself, effect? |
1580 | And are not we looking and seeking after something more than is to be found in her? |
1580 | And are they temperate, seeing that they make not for themselves or their own business only? |
1580 | And are you about to use violence, without even going through the forms of justice? |
1580 | And can that be good which does not make men good? |
1580 | And do they make or do their own business only, or that of others also? |
1580 | And does not he who does his duty act temperately or wisely? |
1580 | And he who does so does his duty? |
1580 | And he who judges rightly will judge of the physician as a physician in what relates to these? |
1580 | And he who would enquire into the nature of medicine must pursue the enquiry into health and disease, and not into what is extraneous? |
1580 | And in all that concerns either body or soul, swiftness and activity are clearly better than slowness and quietness? |
1580 | And in leaping and running and in bodily exercises generally, quickness and agility are good; slowness, and inactivity, and quietness, are bad? |
1580 | And in playing the lyre, or wrestling, quickness or sharpness are far better than quietness and slowness? |
1580 | And is it not better to teach another quickly and energetically, rather than quietly and slowly? |
1580 | And is not shrewdness a quickness or cleverness of the soul, and not a quietness? |
1580 | And is temperance a good? |
1580 | And medicine is distinguished from other sciences as having the subject- matter of health and disease? |
1580 | And that knowledge which is nearest of all, I said, is the knowledge of what? |
1580 | And the inference is that temperance can not be modesty-- if temperance is a good, and if modesty is as much an evil as a good? |
1580 | And the odd and even numbers are not the same with the art of computation? |
1580 | And the same holds in boxing and in the pancratium? |
1580 | And the temperate are also good? |
1580 | And they are right, and you would agree with them? |
1580 | And to read quickly or slowly? |
1580 | And was there anything meddling or intemperate in this? |
1580 | And what if I am? |
1580 | And what is it? |
1580 | And what is the meaning of a man doing his own business? |
1580 | And which is better, to call to mind, and to remember, quickly and readily, or quietly and slowly? |
1580 | And which, I said, is better-- facility in learning, or difficulty in learning? |
1580 | And why, he replied, will not wisdom be of use? |
1580 | And will wisdom give health? |
1580 | And yet if reading and writing are the same as doing, you were doing what was not your own business? |
1580 | And yet were you not saying, just now, that craftsmen might be temperate in doing another''s work, as well as in doing their own? |
1580 | And you would infer that temperance is not only noble, but also good? |
1580 | Are not these, my friend, the real advantages which are to be gained from wisdom? |
1580 | Are you right, Charmides? |
1580 | But all sciences have a subject: number is the subject of arithmetic, health of medicine-- what is the subject of temperance or wisdom? |
1580 | But can any one attain the knowledge of either unless he have a knowledge of medicine? |
1580 | But even if knowledge can know itself, how does the knowledge of what we know imply the knowledge of what we do not know? |
1580 | But is knowledge or want of knowledge of health the same as knowledge or want of knowledge of justice? |
1580 | But must the physician necessarily know when his treatment is likely to prove beneficial, and when not? |
1580 | But of what is this knowledge? |
1580 | But surely we are assuming a science of this kind, which, having no subject- matter, is a science of itself and of the other sciences? |
1580 | But temperance, whose presence makes men only good, and not bad, is always good? |
1580 | But then what profit, Critias, I said, is there any longer in wisdom or temperance which yet remains, if this is wisdom? |
1580 | But what matter, said Charmides, from whom I heard this? |
1580 | But where does Dr. Jackson find any such notion as this in Plato or anywhere in ancient philosophy? |
1580 | But which is best when you are at the writing- master''s, to write the same letters quickly or quietly? |
1580 | But which most tends to make him happy? |
1580 | But why do you not call him, and show him to us? |
1580 | Can you show me any such result of them? |
1580 | Can you tell me? |
1580 | Chaerephon called me and said: What do you think of him, Socrates? |
1580 | Could there be any desire which is not the desire of any pleasure, but of itself, and of all other desires? |
1580 | Did you ever observe that this is what they say? |
1580 | Do you admit that? |
1580 | Do you mean a knowledge of shoemaking? |
1580 | Do you mean that this doing or making, or whatever is the word which you would use, of good actions, is temperance? |
1580 | For is not the discovery of things as they truly are, a good common to all mankind? |
1580 | For why should Aristotle, because he has quoted several Dialogues of Plato, have quoted them all? |
1580 | Has he not a beautiful face? |
1580 | Have we not long ago asseverated that wisdom is only the knowledge of knowledge and of ignorance, and of nothing else? |
1580 | He will consider whether what he says is true, and whether what he does is right, in relation to health and disease? |
1580 | How can you think that I have any other motive in refuting you but what I should have in examining into myself? |
1580 | How is that? |
1580 | How is this riddle to be explained? |
1580 | How so? |
1580 | How then can wisdom be advantageous, when giving no advantage? |
1580 | How will wisdom, regarded only as a knowledge of knowledge or science of science, ever teach him that he knows health, or that he knows building? |
1580 | I asked; do you mean to say that doing and making are not the same? |
1580 | I have no particular drift, but I wish that you would tell me whether a physician who cures a patient may do good to himself and good to another also? |
1580 | I said, or without my consent? |
1580 | I said; is not this rather the effect of medicine? |
1580 | I was, he replied; but what is your drift? |
1580 | In order, then, that I may form a conjecture whether you have temperance abiding in you or not, tell me, I said, what, in your opinion, is Temperance? |
1580 | Is it of him you are speaking or of some one else? |
1580 | Is not medicine, I said, the science of health? |
1580 | Is not that true? |
1580 | Is not that true? |
1580 | Is not that true? |
1580 | Is that true? |
1580 | Is the scribe, for example, to be regarded as doing nothing when he reads or writes? |
1580 | Just as that which is greater is of a nature to be greater than something else? |
1580 | Let us consider the matter in this way: If the wise man or any other man wants to distinguish the true physician from the false, how will he proceed? |
1580 | May I infer this to be the knowledge of the game of draughts? |
1580 | Now, I want to know, what is that which is not wisdom, and of which wisdom is the science? |
1580 | Or can you imagine a wish which wishes for no good, but only for itself and all other wishes? |
1580 | Or did you ever know of a fear which fears itself or other fears, but has no object of fear? |
1580 | Or does wisdom do the work of any of the other arts,--do they not each of them do their own work? |
1580 | Or if there be a double which is double of itself and of other doubles, these will be halves; for the double is relative to the half? |
1580 | Or in wool, or wood, or anything of that sort? |
1580 | Or is there a kind of hearing which hears no sound at all, but only itself and other sorts of hearing, or the defects of them? |
1580 | Or of an opinion which is an opinion of itself and of other opinions, and which has no opinion on the subjects of opinion in general? |
1580 | Or of computation? |
1580 | Or of health? |
1580 | Or of working in brass? |
1580 | Or would you say that there is a love which is not the love of beauty, but of itself and of other loves? |
1580 | Please, therefore, to inform me whether you admit the truth of what Critias has been saying;--have you or have you not this quality of temperance? |
1580 | Shall I tell you the nature of the difficulty? |
1580 | Shall I tell you, Socrates, why I say all this? |
1580 | Shall we speak of the soul and its qualities, of virtue, power, wisdom, and the like, as feminine or neuter? |
1580 | That is your meaning? |
1580 | The beautiful youth, Charmides, who is also the most temperate of human beings, is asked by Socrates,''What is Temperance?'' |
1580 | Then I suppose that modesty is and is not good? |
1580 | Then he who is ignorant of these things will only know that he knows, but not what he knows? |
1580 | Then how will this knowledge or science teach him to know what he knows? |
1580 | Then not he who does evil, but he who does good, is temperate? |
1580 | Then temperance, I said, will not be doing one''s own business; not at least in this way, or doing things of this sort? |
1580 | Then, I said, in all bodily actions, not quietness, but the greatest agility and quickness, is noblest and best? |
1580 | Then, as would seem, in doing good, he may act wisely or temperately, and be wise or temperate, but not know his own wisdom or temperance? |
1580 | Then, before we see his body, should we not ask him to show us his soul, naked and undisguised? |
1580 | Then, in reference to the body, not quietness, but quickness will be the higher degree of temperance, if temperance is a good? |
1580 | Think over all this, and, like a brave youth, tell me-- What is temperance? |
1580 | Very good, I said; and are you quite sure that you know my name? |
1580 | Very good, I said; and did you not admit, just now, that temperance is noble? |
1580 | Very good, I said; and now let me repeat my question-- Do you admit, as I was just now saying, that all craftsmen make or do something? |
1580 | Was he a fool who told you, Charmides? |
1580 | Was he right who affirmed that? |
1580 | Was not that your statement? |
1580 | Was not this, Critias, what we spoke of as the great advantage of wisdom-- to know what is known and what is unknown to us? |
1580 | Well then, this science of which we are speaking is a science of something, and is of a nature to be a science of something? |
1580 | Well, I said; but surely you would agree with Homer when he says,''Modesty is not good for a needy man''? |
1580 | Were we not right in making that admission? |
1580 | What do you mean? |
1580 | What do you mean? |
1580 | What is that? |
1580 | What makes you think so? |
1580 | Which is less, if the other is conceived to be greater? |
1580 | Who is he, I said; and who is his father? |
1580 | Why not, I said; but will he come? |
1580 | Why not? |
1580 | With my consent? |
1580 | Yes, I said; and facility in learning is learning quickly, and difficulty in learning is learning quietly and slowly? |
1580 | Yet I should like to know one thing more: which of the different kinds of knowledge makes him happy? |
1580 | You sirs, I said, what are you conspiring about? |
1580 | and in what cases do you mean? |
1580 | or do all equally make him happy? |
1580 | or must the craftsman necessarily know when he is likely to be benefited, and when not to be benefited, by the work which he is doing? |
1580 | the knowledge of what past, present, or future thing? |
1579 | ''But how is this?'' |
1579 | After the return of Menexenus, Socrates, at the request of Lysis, asks him a new question:''What is friendship? |
1579 | Am I not right? |
1579 | And also the vessel which contains the wine? |
1579 | And another disputed point is, which is the fairer? |
1579 | And are they right in saying this? |
1579 | And can he who is not loved be a friend? |
1579 | And did you ever behave ill to your father or your mother? |
1579 | And disease is an enemy? |
1579 | And disease is an evil? |
1579 | And do they entrust their property to him rather than to you? |
1579 | And do they esteem a slave of more value than you who are their son? |
1579 | And do they then permit you to do what you like, and never rebuke you or hinder you from doing what you desire? |
1579 | And do they trust a hireling more than you? |
1579 | And does not this seem to put us in the right way? |
1579 | And everything in which we appear to him to be wiser than himself or his son he will commit to us? |
1579 | And friends they can not be, unless they value one another? |
1579 | And has he a motive and object in being a friend, or has he no motive and object? |
1579 | And have we not admitted already that the friend loves something for a reason? |
1579 | And have you not also met with the treatises of philosophers who say that like must love like? |
1579 | And he is in want of that of which he is deprived? |
1579 | And he is the friend of the physician because of disease, and for the sake of health? |
1579 | And he who loves not is not a lover or friend? |
1579 | And he who wants nothing will desire nothing? |
1579 | And health is also dear? |
1579 | And if dear, then dear for the sake of something? |
1579 | And if neither can be of any use to the other, how can they be loved by one another? |
1579 | And in like manner thirst or any similar desire may sometimes be a good and sometimes an evil to us, and sometimes neither one nor the other? |
1579 | And in matters of which you have as yet no knowledge, can you have any conceit of knowledge? |
1579 | And is he a slave or a free man? |
1579 | And is he a slave? |
1579 | And is health a friend, or not a friend? |
1579 | And is the object which makes him a friend, dear to him, or neither dear nor hateful to him? |
1579 | And may not the same be said of the friend? |
1579 | And must not a man love that which he desires and affects? |
1579 | And shall we be friends to others, and will any others love us, in as far as we are useless to them? |
1579 | And shall we further say that the good is congenial, and the evil uncongenial to every one? |
1579 | And sickness is an evil, and the art of medicine a good and useful thing? |
1579 | And surely this object must also be dear, as is implied in our previous admissions? |
1579 | And that of which he is in want is dear to him? |
1579 | And that something dear involves something else dear? |
1579 | And the body is compelled by reason of disease to court and make friends of the art of medicine? |
1579 | And the good is loved for the sake of the evil? |
1579 | And the hated one, and not the hater, is the enemy? |
1579 | And the hater will be the enemy of that which is hated? |
1579 | And the more vain- glorious they are, the more difficult is the capture of them? |
1579 | And the same of thirst and the other desires,--that they will remain, but will not be evil because evil has perished? |
1579 | And there is Ctesippus himself: do you see him? |
1579 | And we shall be allowed to throw in salt by handfuls, whereas the son will not be allowed to put in as much as he can take up between his fingers? |
1579 | And what does he do with you? |
1579 | And what is this building, I asked; and what sort of entertainment have you? |
1579 | And what of health? |
1579 | And which is the nobler? |
1579 | And who is yours? |
1579 | And why do you not ask him? |
1579 | And yet there is a further consideration: may not all these notions of friendship be erroneous? |
1579 | And yet whiteness would be present in them? |
1579 | And, if so, not the lover, but the beloved, is the friend or dear one? |
1579 | Answer me now: Are you your own master, or do they not even allow that? |
1579 | Are you disposed, he said, to go with me and see them? |
1579 | Aye, I said; and about your neighbour, too, does not the same rule hold as about your father? |
1579 | But I dare say that you may take the whip and guide the mule- cart if you like;--they will permit that? |
1579 | But do you think that any one is happy who is in the condition of a slave, and who can not do what he likes? |
1579 | But does he therefore value the three measures of wine, or the earthen vessel which contains them, equally with his son? |
1579 | But if the lover is not a friend, nor the beloved a friend, nor both together, what are we to say? |
1579 | But if this can not be, the lover will be the friend of that which is loved? |
1579 | But is not some less exclusive form of friendship better suited to the condition and nature of man? |
1579 | But is there any reason why, because evil perishes, that which is not evil should perish with it? |
1579 | But now our view is changed, and we conceive that there must be some other cause of friendship? |
1579 | But say that the like is not the friend of the like in so far as he is like; still the good may be the friend of the good in so far as he is good? |
1579 | But see now, Lysis, whether we are not being deceived in all this-- are we not indeed entirely wrong? |
1579 | But surely, I said, he who desires, desires that of which he is in want? |
1579 | But that would not make them at all the more white, notwithstanding the presence of white in them-- they would not be white any more than black? |
1579 | But the human body, regarded as a body, is neither good nor evil? |
1579 | But the sick loves him, because he is sick? |
1579 | But then again, will not the good, in so far as he is good, be sufficient for himself? |
1579 | But then arises the consideration, how should these friends in youth or friends of the past regard or be regarded by one another? |
1579 | But what if the lover is not loved in return? |
1579 | But why should the indifferent have this attachment to the beautiful or good? |
1579 | By heaven, and shall I tell you what I suspect? |
1579 | Can they now? |
1579 | Do any remain? |
1579 | Do they want you to be happy, and yet hinder you from doing what you like? |
1579 | Do you agree? |
1579 | Do you agree? |
1579 | Do you mean, I said, that if only one of them loves the other, they are mutual friends? |
1579 | Do you mean, I said, that you disown the love of the person whom he says that you love? |
1579 | Do you not agree with me? |
1579 | Do you not agree? |
1579 | Here, intending to revise the argument, I said: Can we point out any difference between the congenial and the like? |
1579 | How can such persons ever be induced to value one another? |
1579 | How do you mean? |
1579 | How do you mean? |
1579 | How so? |
1579 | I mean, for instance, if he knew that his son had drunk hemlock, and the father thought that wine would save him, he would value the wine? |
1579 | I said, may we not have been altogether wrong in our conclusions? |
1579 | I shall not ask which is the richer of the two, I said; for you are friends, are you not? |
1579 | I turned to Menexenus, and said: Son of Demophon, which of you two youths is the elder? |
1579 | If he is satisfied that you know more of housekeeping than he does, will he continue to administer his affairs himself, or will he commit them to you? |
1579 | In such a case, is the substance which is anointed the same as the colour or ointment? |
1579 | In that case, the one loves, and the other is loved? |
1579 | Is not friendship, even more than love, liable to be swayed by the caprices of fancy? |
1579 | Is not that true? |
1579 | Is not that true? |
1579 | Is not this rather the true state of the case? |
1579 | Is not this the nature of the good-- to be loved by us who are placed between the two, because of the evil? |
1579 | Is that also a matter of dispute? |
1579 | Is that good or evil, or neither? |
1579 | May not desire be the source of friendship? |
1579 | May we then infer that the good is the friend? |
1579 | Nay, but what do you think? |
1579 | Neither can he love that which he does not desire? |
1579 | Neither can your father or mother love you, nor can anybody love anybody else, in so far as they are useless to them? |
1579 | No answer is given in the Lysis to the question,''What is Friendship?'' |
1579 | Now is not that ridiculous? |
1579 | Or are both friends? |
1579 | Or is, perhaps, even hated? |
1579 | Or may we suppose that hunger will remain while men and animals remain, but not so as to be hurtful? |
1579 | Or rather is there anything to be done? |
1579 | Or rather shall I say, that to ask what either will be then or will not be is ridiculous, for who knows? |
1579 | Socrates asks Lysis whether his father and mother do not love him very much? |
1579 | Thank you, I said; and is there any teacher there? |
1579 | That I may make a fool of myself? |
1579 | The sick man, as I was just now saying, is the friend of the physician-- is he not? |
1579 | Then if you are friends, you must have natures which are congenial to one another? |
1579 | Then nothing which does not love in return is beloved by a lover? |
1579 | Then now we know how to answer the question''Who are friends?'' |
1579 | Then one half of the saying is untrue, if the wicked are like one another? |
1579 | Then that which is neither good nor evil becomes the friend of good, by reason of the presence of evil? |
1579 | Then that which is neither good nor evil is the friend of the good because of the evil and hateful, and for the sake of the good and the friend? |
1579 | Then that which is neither good nor evil may be in the presence of evil, but not as yet evil, and that has happened before now? |
1579 | Then the friend is a friend for the sake of the friend, and because of the enemy? |
1579 | Then we are to say that the greatest friendship is of opposites? |
1579 | Then what can be the reason, Lysis, I said, why they allow you to do the one and not the other? |
1579 | Then what is to be done? |
1579 | Then which is the friend of which? |
1579 | Then you have a master? |
1579 | Then, I said, may no one use the whip to the mules? |
1579 | Then, even if evil perishes, the desires which are neither good nor evil will remain? |
1579 | Then, even if evil perishes, there may still remain some elements of love or friendship? |
1579 | They had another perplexity: 8) How could one of the noblest feelings of human nature be so near to one of the most detestable corruptions of it? |
1579 | They will then proceed to ask whether the enemy is the friend of the friend, or the friend the friend of the enemy? |
1579 | This we do know, that in our present condition hunger may injure us, and may also benefit us:--Is not that true? |
1579 | Well, I said; look at the matter in this way: a friend is the friend of some one; is he not? |
1579 | Well, but is a just man the friend of the unjust, or the temperate of the intemperate, or the good of the bad? |
1579 | What do the rest of you say? |
1579 | What do you mean? |
1579 | What do you mean? |
1579 | What should you say of a hunter who frightened away his prey, and made the capture of the animals which he is hunting more difficult? |
1579 | When one man loves another, which is the friend-- he who loves, or he who is loved? |
1579 | Who are you, I said; and where am I to come? |
1579 | Who is Lysis? |
1579 | Whom are we to call friends to one another? |
1579 | Whom then will they allow? |
1579 | Why do you say so? |
1579 | Will not the Athenian people, too, entrust their affairs to you when they see that you have wisdom enough to manage them? |
1579 | Will you tell me by what words or actions I may become endeared to my love? |
1579 | Yes, I said; but I should like to know first, what is expected of me, and who is the favourite among you? |
1579 | Yes, Menexenus; but will not that be a monstrous answer? |
1579 | You do not mean to say that your teachers also rule over you? |
1579 | You remember that? |
1579 | You think not? |
1579 | You think that he is right? |
1579 | You will agree to that? |
1579 | You would agree-- would you not? |
1579 | and allow him to do what he likes, when they prohibit you? |
1579 | and at the time of making the admission we were of opinion that the neither good nor evil loves the good because of the evil? |
1579 | and do they pay him for this? |
1579 | and may he do what he likes with the horses? |
1579 | and may not the other theory have been only a long story about nothing? |
1579 | and what can that final cause or end of friendship be, other than the good? |
1579 | any more than in the Charmides to the question,''What is Temperance?'' |
1579 | but may not that which is neither good nor evil still in some cases be the friend of the good? |
1579 | how can you be making and singing hymns in honour of yourself before you have won? |
1579 | will you tell me, I said, whether if evil were to perish, we should hunger any more, or thirst any more, or have any similar desire? |
1636 | ''But did I call this"love"? |
1636 | Am I not right, Phaedrus? |
1636 | Am I not right, sweet Phaedrus? |
1636 | And are not they held to be the wisest physicians who have the greatest distrust of their art? |
1636 | And do you tell me, instead, what are plaintiff and defendant doing in a law court-- are they not contending? |
1636 | And if I am to add the praises of the non- lover what will become of me? |
1636 | And if he came to his right mind, would he ever imagine that the desires were good which he conceived when in his wrong mind? |
1636 | And now, dear Phaedrus, I shall pause for an instant to ask whether you do not think me, as I appear to myself, inspired? |
1636 | And so, Phaedrus, you really imagine that I am going to improve upon the ingenuity of Lysias? |
1636 | And what is good or bad writing or speaking? |
1636 | But I should like to know whether you have the same feeling as I have about the rhetoricians? |
1636 | But how much is left? |
1636 | But if I am to read, where would you please to sit? |
1636 | But if this be true, must not the soul be the self- moving, and therefore of necessity unbegotten and immortal? |
1636 | But let me ask you, friend: have we not reached the plane- tree to which you were conducting us? |
1636 | But of the heaven which is above the heavens, what earthly poet ever did or ever will sing worthily? |
1636 | But what do you mean? |
1636 | But what pleasure or consolation can the beloved be receiving all this time? |
1636 | But why did you make your second oration so much finer than the first? |
1636 | But will you tell me whether I defined love at the beginning of my speech? |
1636 | Can I be wrong in supposing that Lysias gave you a feast of discourse? |
1636 | Can we suppose''the young man to have told such lies''about his master while he was still alive? |
1636 | Can we wonder that few of them''come sweetly from nature,''while ten thousand reviewers( mala murioi) are engaged in dissecting them? |
1636 | Do we see as clearly as Hippocrates''that the nature of the body can only be understood as a whole''? |
1636 | Do you ever cross the border? |
1636 | Do you not perceive that I am already overtaken by the Nymphs to whom you have mischievously exposed me? |
1636 | Do you think that a lover only can be a firm friend? |
1636 | Do you? |
1636 | Does he not define probability to be that which the many think? |
1636 | For do we not often make''the worse appear the better cause;''and do not''both parties sometimes agree to tell lies''? |
1636 | For example, are we to attribute his tripartite division of the soul to the gods? |
1636 | For example, when he is speaking of the soul does he mean the human or the divine soul? |
1636 | For lovers repent--''SOCRATES: Enough:--Now, shall I point out the rhetorical error of those words? |
1636 | For this is a necessary preliminary to the other question-- How is the non- lover to be distinguished from the lover? |
1636 | For what should a man live if not for the pleasures of discourse? |
1636 | How could there have been so much cultivation, so much diligence in writing, and so little mind or real creative power? |
1636 | Is he serious, again, in regarding love as''a madness''? |
1636 | Is not all literature passing into criticism, just as Athenian literature in the age of Plato was degenerating into sophistry and rhetoric? |
1636 | Is not legislation too a sort of literary effort, and might not statesmanship be described as the''art of enchanting''the house? |
1636 | Is not pleading''an art of speaking unconnected with the truth''? |
1636 | Is not the discourse excellent, more especially in the matter of the language? |
1636 | Is there any principle in them? |
1636 | Lysias then, I suppose, was in the town? |
1636 | May I reckon the wise to be the wealthy, and may I have such a quantity of gold as a temperate man and he only can bear and carry.--Anything more? |
1636 | Might he not argue,''that a rational being should not follow the dictates of passion in the most important act of his or her life''? |
1636 | Might he not ask, whether we''care more for the truth of religion, or for the speaker and the country from which the truth comes''? |
1636 | Nor, until they adopt our method of reading and writing, can we admit that they write by rules of art? |
1636 | Now I have no leisure for such enquiries; shall I tell you why? |
1636 | Now in what way is the lover to be distinguished from the non- lover? |
1636 | Now what is that sort of thing but a regular piece of authorship? |
1636 | Now, Socrates, what do you think? |
1636 | Of the world which is beyond the heavens, who can tell? |
1636 | Or is he serious in holding that each soul bears the character of a god? |
1636 | Or is this merely assigned to them by way of parallelism with men? |
1636 | Or that Isocrates himself is the enemy of Plato and his school? |
1636 | Or, again, in his absurd derivation of mantike and oionistike and imeros( compare Cratylus)? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: About what conclusion? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: And is this the exact spot? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: And what are these arguments, Socrates? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Do you see the tallest plane- tree in the distance? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Had not Protagoras something of the same sort? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: How do you mean? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: How so? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: How so? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: How so? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: I have never noticed it; but I beseech you to tell me, Socrates, do you believe this tale? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: I think that I understand you; but will you explain yourself? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: In what direction then? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: In what way? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Isocrates the fair:--What message will you send to him, and how shall we describe him? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Need we? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Not yet, Socrates; not until the heat of the day has passed; do you not see that the hour is almost noon? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Show what? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Then why are you still at your tricks? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: There is a great deal surely to be found in books of rhetoric? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What are they? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What do you mean, my good Socrates? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What do you mean? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What do you mean? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What error? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What gifts do you mean? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What is our method? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What is the other principle, Socrates? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What is there remarkable in the epitaph? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What name would you assign to them? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What of that? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What shall we say to him? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What would you prophesy? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: What? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Who are they, and where did you hear anything better than this? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Whom do you mean, and what is his origin? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: Will you go on? |
1636 | PHAEDRUS: You mean the living word of knowledge which has a soul, and of which the written word is properly no more than an image? |
1636 | SOCRATES: About the just and unjust-- that is the matter in dispute? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And can we suppose that he who knows the just and good and honourable has less understanding, than the husbandman, about his own seeds? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And do you think that you can know the nature of the soul intelligently without knowing the nature of the whole? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And how did he entertain you? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And when he speaks in the assembly, he will make the same things seem good to the city at one time, and at another time the reverse of good? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And when men are deceived and their notions are at variance with realities, it is clear that the error slips in through resemblances? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And will not Sophocles say to the display of the would- be tragedian, that this is not tragedy but the preliminaries of tragedy? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And will you go on with the narration? |
1636 | SOCRATES: And you will be less likely to be discovered in passing by degrees into the other extreme than when you go all at once? |
1636 | SOCRATES: But when any one speaks of justice and goodness we part company and are at odds with one another and with ourselves? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Can this be said of the discourse of Lysias? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Do you know how you can speak or act about rhetoric in a manner which will be acceptable to God? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Do you mean that I am not in earnest? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Does not your simplicity observe that I have got out of dithyrambics into heroics, when only uttering a censure on the lover? |
1636 | SOCRATES: He, then, who would deceive others, and not be deceived, must exactly know the real likenesses and differences of things? |
1636 | SOCRATES: I have now said all that I have to say of the art of rhetoric: have you anything to add? |
1636 | SOCRATES: In good speaking should not the mind of the speaker know the truth of the matter about which he is going to speak? |
1636 | SOCRATES: In which are we more likely to be deceived, and in which has rhetoric the greater power? |
1636 | SOCRATES: It was foolish, I say,--to a certain extent, impious; can anything be more dreadful? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Let me put the matter thus: When will there be more chance of deception-- when the difference is large or small? |
1636 | SOCRATES: May not''the wolf,''as the proverb says,''claim a hearing''? |
1636 | SOCRATES: My dear Phaedrus, whence come you, and whither are you going? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Now to which class does love belong-- to the debatable or to the undisputed class? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Shall I tell you what I will do? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Shall we discuss the rules of writing and speech as we were proposing? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Should we not offer up a prayer first of all to the local deities? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Then as to the other topics-- are they not thrown down anyhow? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Then do you think that any one of this class, however ill- disposed, would reproach Lysias with being an author? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Then in some things we agree, but not in others? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Well, and is not Eros the son of Aphrodite, and a god? |
1636 | SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1636 | SOCRATES: When any one speaks of iron and silver, is not the same thing present in the minds of all? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Who is he? |
1636 | SOCRATES: Why, do you not know that when a politician writes, he begins with the names of his approvers? |
1636 | Shall we say a word to him or not? |
1636 | Socrates as yet does not know himself; and why should he care to know about unearthly monsters? |
1636 | Then again in the noble art of politics, who thinks of first principles and of true ideas? |
1636 | These are the commonplaces of the subject which must come in( for what else is there to be said?) |
1636 | Was he equally serious in the rest? |
1636 | We may raise the same question in another form: Is marriage preferable with or without love? |
1636 | Well, the teacher will say, is this, Phaedrus and Socrates, your account of the so- called art of rhetoric, or am I to look for another? |
1636 | What would Socrates think of our newspapers, of our theology? |
1636 | What would he have said of the discovery of Christian doctrines in these old Greek legends? |
1636 | What would he say of the Church, which we praise in like manner,''meaning ourselves,''without regard to history or experience? |
1636 | What would they say if they saw that we, like the many, are not conversing, but slumbering at mid- day, lulled by their voices, too indolent to think? |
1636 | While acknowledging that such interpretations are''very nice,''would he not have remarked that they are found in all sacred literatures? |
1636 | Who would imagine that Lysias, who is here assailed by Socrates, is the son of his old friend Cephalus? |
1636 | Who would suspect that the wise Critias, the virtuous Charmides, had ended their lives among the thirty tyrants? |
1636 | Who, for example, could speak on this thesis of yours without praising the discretion of the non- lover and blaming the indiscretion of the lover? |
1636 | Why did history degenerate into fable? |
1636 | Why did poetry droop and languish? |
1636 | Why did the physical sciences never arrive at any true knowledge or make any real progress? |
1636 | Why did words lose their power of expression? |
1636 | Why do I say so? |
1636 | Why do you not proceed? |
1636 | Why should the next topic follow next in order, or any other topic? |
1636 | Why were ages of external greatness and magnificence attended by all the signs of decay in the human mind which are possible? |
1636 | Will he not choose a beloved who is delicate rather than sturdy and strong? |
1636 | Would he not have asked of us, or rather is he not asking of us, Whether we have ceased to prefer appearances to reality? |
1636 | Would they not have a right to laugh at us? |
1636 | Yes; but is not even a ridiculous friend better than a cunning enemy? |
1636 | and are they both equally self- moving and constructed on the same threefold principle? |
1636 | and will not Acumenus say the same of medicine to the would- be physician? |
1636 | or, whether the''select wise''are not''the many''after all? |
1591 | ''And do you not pursue after pleasure as a good, and avoid pain as an evil?'' |
1591 | ''And have you not a similar way of speaking about pain? |
1591 | ''And is this a sort of thing which is of the nature of the holy, or of the nature of the unholy?'' |
1591 | ''Are these things good for any other reason except that they end in pleasure, and get rid of and avert pain? |
1591 | ''But how,''he will reply,''can the good be unworthy of the evil, or the evil of the good''? |
1591 | ''But in what will he be better?'' |
1591 | ''By what?'' |
1591 | ''Shall this be the manner in which I am to distribute justice and reverence among men, or shall I give them to all?'' |
1591 | ( 3) Again, would parents who teach her sons lesser matters leave them ignorant of the common duty of citizens? |
1591 | --and I were to answer, just: would you vote with me or against me? |
1591 | --how would you answer him? |
1591 | --they would acknowledge that they were not? |
1591 | --they would agree to the latter alternative, if I am not mistaken? |
1591 | --they would assent to me? |
1591 | --we should answer,''Yes,''if I am not mistaken? |
1591 | Again we knocked, and he answered without opening: Did you not hear me say that he is not at home, fellows? |
1591 | And are justice and holiness opposed to one another?'' |
1591 | And are not these confident persons also courageous? |
1591 | And because of that ignorance they are cowards? |
1591 | And by what is he overcome? |
1591 | And do men have some one part and some another part of virtue? |
1591 | And do the cowards knowingly refuse to go to the nobler, and pleasanter, and better? |
1591 | And do you remember that folly has already been acknowledged by us to be the opposite of wisdom? |
1591 | And do you think that a man lives well who lives in pain and grief? |
1591 | And do you think that the ode is a good composition, and true? |
1591 | And do you think, I said in a tone of surprise, that justice and holiness have but a small degree of likeness? |
1591 | And do you think, he said, that the two sayings are consistent? |
1591 | And does not the poet proceed to say,''I do not agree with the word of Pittacus, albeit the utterance of a wise man: Hardly can a man be good''? |
1591 | And first, you would agree with me that justice is of the nature of a thing, would you not? |
1591 | And foolish actions are done by folly, and temperate actions by temperance? |
1591 | And good sense is good counsel in doing injustice? |
1591 | And have they not been shown to be cowards through their ignorance of dangers? |
1591 | And have you an answer for him? |
1591 | And have you not seen persons utterly ignorant, I said, of these things, and yet confident about them? |
1591 | And if he were further to ask: What is the wisdom of the Sophist, and what is the manufacture over which he presides?--how should we answer him? |
1591 | And if honourable, then good? |
1591 | And if not base, then honourable? |
1591 | And in causing diseases do they not cause pain? |
1591 | And in opposite ways? |
1591 | And is going to battle honourable or disgraceful? |
1591 | And is it partly good and partly bad, I said, or wholly good? |
1591 | And is not ignorance the having a false opinion and being deceived about important matters? |
1591 | And is not wisdom the very opposite of folly? |
1591 | And is the good that which is expedient for man? |
1591 | And is there anything good? |
1591 | And is there not a contradiction? |
1591 | And might you not, I said, affirm this of the painter and of the carpenter also: Do not they, too, know wise things? |
1591 | And one thing is done by temperance, and quite another thing by folly? |
1591 | And shall I argue with them or with you? |
1591 | And suppose that he turned to you and said,''Is this true, Protagoras? |
1591 | And suppose that he went on to say:''Well now, is there also such a thing as holiness?'' |
1591 | And suppose that he went to Orthagoras the Theban, and heard him say the same thing, and asked him,''In what shall I become better day by day?'' |
1591 | And temperance is good sense? |
1591 | And temperance makes them temperate? |
1591 | And that is done strongly which is done by strength, and that which is weakly done, by weakness? |
1591 | And that which is done in opposite ways is done by opposites? |
1591 | And that which is done in the same manner, is done by the same; and that which is done in an opposite manner by the opposite? |
1591 | And that which is done with swiftness is done swiftly, and that which is done with slowness, slowly? |
1591 | And that which was done foolishly, as we further admitted, was done in the opposite way to that which was done temperately? |
1591 | And that which was done temperately was done by temperance, and that which was done foolishly by folly? |
1591 | And the courageous man has no base fear or base confidence? |
1591 | And the ignorance of them is cowardice? |
1591 | And the knowledge of that which is and is not dangerous is courage, and is opposed to the ignorance of these things? |
1591 | And the reason of this is that they have knowledge? |
1591 | And the reason why they are cowards is admitted by you to be cowardice? |
1591 | And then after this suppose that he came and asked us,''What were you saying just now? |
1591 | And there is the acute in sound? |
1591 | And therefore by opposites:--then folly is the opposite of temperance? |
1591 | And these base fears and confidences originate in ignorance and uninstructedness? |
1591 | And they are all different from one another? |
1591 | And they who do not act rightly act foolishly, and in acting thus are not temperate? |
1591 | And this, as possessing measure, must undeniably also be an art and science? |
1591 | And we admitted also that what was done in opposite ways was done by opposites? |
1591 | And we said that everything has only one opposite? |
1591 | And what am I doing? |
1591 | And what is good and honourable, I said, is also pleasant? |
1591 | And what is that which the Sophist knows and makes his disciple know? |
1591 | And what is your purpose? |
1591 | And what sort of well- doing makes a man a good physician? |
1591 | And what will he make of you? |
1591 | And what will they make of you? |
1591 | And what, Socrates, is the food of the soul? |
1591 | And when men act rightly and advantageously they seem to you to be temperate? |
1591 | And when you speak of being overcome--''what do you mean,''he will say,''but that you choose the greater evil in exchange for the lesser good?'' |
1591 | And who have confidence when fighting on horseback-- the skilled horseman or the unskilled? |
1591 | And who when fighting with light shields-- the peltasts or the nonpeltasts? |
1591 | And why, I said, do you neither assent nor dissent, Protagoras? |
1591 | And would you wish to begin the enquiry? |
1591 | And you think otherwise? |
1591 | And you would admit the existence of goods? |
1591 | And you would call pleasant, I said, the things which participate in pleasure or create pleasure? |
1591 | Are not all actions honourable and useful, of which the tendency is to make life painless and pleasant? |
1591 | Are these the things which are good but painful?'' |
1591 | Are they not the confident? |
1591 | Are you looking to any other standard but pleasure and pain when you call them good?'' |
1591 | Are you not of Homer''s opinion, who says''Youth is most charming when the beard first appears''? |
1591 | Are you satisfied, then, at having a life of pleasure which is without pain? |
1591 | Because all men are teachers of virtue, each one according to his ability; and you say Where are the teachers? |
1591 | But does not the courageous man also go to meet the better, and pleasanter, and nobler? |
1591 | But if he lives pleasantly to the end of his life, will he not in that case have lived well? |
1591 | But if there is a contradiction, can the composition be good or true? |
1591 | But shall I tell you a strange thing? |
1591 | But short enough? |
1591 | But some one will ask, Why? |
1591 | But suppose a person were to ask this further question: And how about yourself? |
1591 | But suppose a person were to ask us: In what are the painters wise? |
1591 | But surely courage, I said, is opposed to cowardice? |
1591 | But the fear and confidence of the coward or foolhardy or madman, on the contrary, are base? |
1591 | But what matter? |
1591 | But what sort of doing is good in letters? |
1591 | But what would you like? |
1591 | But which of the two are they who, as you say, are unwilling to go to war, which is a good and honourable thing? |
1591 | But who is to be the umpire? |
1591 | But why then do the sons of good fathers often turn out ill? |
1591 | But why, Socrates, should we trouble ourselves about the opinion of the many, who just say anything that happens to occur to them? |
1591 | By the gods, I said, and are you not ashamed at having to appear before the Hellenes in the character of a Sophist? |
1591 | COMPANION: And do you just come from an interview with him? |
1591 | COMPANION: And is this stranger really in your opinion a fairer love than the son of Cleinias? |
1591 | COMPANION: But have you really met, Socrates, with some wise one? |
1591 | COMPANION: Of what country? |
1591 | COMPANION: Well, and how do matters proceed? |
1591 | COMPANION: What do you mean-- a citizen or a foreigner? |
1591 | COMPANION: What is the meaning of this? |
1591 | COMPANION: Where do you come from, Socrates? |
1591 | Delightful, I said; but what is the news? |
1591 | Did not Simonides first set forth, as his own view, that''Hardly can a man become truly good''? |
1591 | Do I understand you, I said; and is your meaning that you teach the art of politics, and that you promise to make men good citizens? |
1591 | Do they also differ from one another in themselves and in their functions? |
1591 | Do you admit the existence of folly? |
1591 | Do you hear, Protagoras, I asked, what our friend Prodicus is saying? |
1591 | Do you know the poem? |
1591 | Do you think that an unjust man can be temperate in his injustice? |
1591 | Do you wish, he said, to speak with me alone, or in the presence of the company? |
1591 | Does he agree with the common opinion that knowledge is overcome by passion? |
1591 | First of all we admitted that everything has one opposite and not more than one? |
1591 | For Socrates admits his inability to speak long; will Protagoras in like manner acknowledge his inability to speak short? |
1591 | Has Protagoras robbed you of anything? |
1591 | Has anything happened between you and him? |
1591 | Have you been visiting him, and was he gracious to you? |
1591 | He and his fellow- workmen have taught them to the best of their ability,--but who will carry them further in their arts? |
1591 | How is this to be reconciled? |
1591 | How should we answer him, Socrates? |
1591 | How so? |
1591 | How then can I do otherwise than invite you to the examination of these subjects, and ask questions and consult with you? |
1591 | I knew his voice, and said: Hippocrates, is that you? |
1591 | I know that Pheidias is a sculptor, and that Homer is a poet; but what appellation is given to Protagoras? |
1591 | I proceeded: Is not a Sophist, Hippocrates, one who deals wholesale or retail in the food of the soul? |
1591 | I said: I wonder whether you know what you are doing? |
1591 | I said: You would admit, Protagoras, that some men live well and others ill? |
1591 | I said; or shall I begin? |
1591 | I want to know whether you still think that there are men who are most ignorant and yet most courageous? |
1591 | I, who knew the very courageous madness of the man, said: What is the matter? |
1591 | If I am not mistaken the question was this: Are wisdom and temperance and courage and justice and holiness five names of the same thing? |
1591 | If they succeed, I said, or if they do not succeed? |
1591 | Is Protagoras in Athens? |
1591 | Is not that true, Protagoras? |
1591 | Is not that true? |
1591 | Is not the real explanation that they are out of proportion to one another, either as greater and smaller, or more and fewer? |
1591 | Is that, he will ask, because the good was worthy or not worthy of conquering the evil''? |
1591 | May I employ an illustration? |
1591 | Must not he make him eloquent in that which he understands? |
1591 | Now is that your view? |
1591 | Now when there is all this care about virtue private and public, why, Socrates, do you still wonder and doubt whether virtue can be taught? |
1591 | Now who becomes a bad physician? |
1591 | Once more, I said, is there anything beautiful? |
1591 | Or if a man has one part, must he also have all the others? |
1591 | Or you might ask, Who is to teach the sons of our artisans this same art which they have learned of their fathers? |
1591 | Please to consider: Is there or is there not some one quality of which all the citizens must be partakers, if there is to be a city at all? |
1591 | Protagoras has spoken of the virtues: are they many, or one? |
1591 | SOCRATES: And is not the wiser always the fairer, sweet friend? |
1591 | SOCRATES: What of his beard? |
1591 | Shall I answer what appears to me to be short enough, or what appears to you to be short enough? |
1591 | Shall I, as an elder, speak to you as younger men in an apologue or myth, or shall I argue out the question? |
1591 | Socrates renews the attack from another side: he would like to know whether pleasure is not the only good, and pain the only evil? |
1591 | Suppose again, I said, that the world says to me:''Why do you spend many words and speak in many ways on this subject?'' |
1591 | Tell me then; who are they who have confidence when diving into a well? |
1591 | Tell me, Hippocrates, I said, as you are going to Protagoras, and will be paying your money to him, what is he to whom you are going? |
1591 | That is my opinion: would it not be yours also? |
1591 | The honourable work is also useful and good? |
1591 | The world will assent, will they not? |
1591 | Then I proceeded to say: Well, but are you aware of the danger which you are incurring? |
1591 | Then about what does the Sophist make him eloquent? |
1591 | Then against something different? |
1591 | Then as to the motive from which the cowards act, do you call it cowardice or courage? |
1591 | Then do cowards go where there is safety, and the courageous where there is danger? |
1591 | Then every opposite has one opposite only and no more? |
1591 | Then tell me, what do you imagine that he is? |
1591 | Then the ignorance of what is and is not dangerous is cowardice? |
1591 | Then the wisdom which knows what are and are not dangers is opposed to the ignorance of them? |
1591 | Then to act foolishly is the opposite of acting temperately? |
1591 | Then to live pleasantly is a good, and to live unpleasantly an evil? |
1591 | Then we are going to pay our money to him in the character of a Sophist? |
1591 | Then who are the courageous? |
1591 | Then, I said, no other part of virtue is like knowledge, or like justice, or like courage, or like temperance, or like holiness? |
1591 | Then, Protagoras, which of the two assertions shall we renounce? |
1591 | Then, my friends, what do you say to this? |
1591 | Thereupon I should answer to him who asked me, that justice is of the nature of the just: would not you? |
1591 | This admission, which has been somewhat hastily made, is now taken up and cross- examined by Socrates:--''Is justice just, and is holiness holy? |
1591 | To which the only opposite is the evil? |
1591 | To which the only opposite is the grave? |
1591 | To which the only opposite is the ugly? |
1591 | Well then, I said, tell us against what are the courageous ready to go-- against the same dangers as the cowards? |
1591 | What did he mean, Prodicus, by the term''hard''? |
1591 | What do you mean? |
1591 | What does he think of knowledge? |
1591 | What else would you say? |
1591 | What other answer could there be but that he presides over the art which makes men eloquent? |
1591 | What will Protagoras make of you, if you go to see him? |
1591 | What would you say? |
1591 | When you speak of brave men, do you mean the confident, or another sort of nature? |
1591 | Which of these two assertions shall we renounce? |
1591 | Which you would also acknowledge to be a thing-- should we not say so? |
1591 | Who is so foolish as to chastise or instruct the ugly, or the diminutive, or the feeble? |
1591 | Why do I say all this? |
1591 | Why, he said, how can he be consistent in both? |
1591 | Will Protagoras answer these objections? |
1591 | Will you be so good? |
1591 | Would not mankind generally acknowledge that the art which accomplishes this result is the art of measurement? |
1591 | Would not the art of measuring be the saving principle; or would the power of appearance? |
1591 | Would they still be evil, if they had no attendant evil consequences, simply because they give the consciousness of pleasure of whatever nature?'' |
1591 | Would you not admit, my friends, that this is true? |
1591 | Would you not answer in the same way? |
1591 | Yes, I replied; he came two days ago: have you only just heard of his arrival? |
1591 | You might as well ask, Who teaches Greek? |
1591 | You think that some men are temperate, and yet unjust? |
1591 | You would not deny, then, that courage and wisdom are also parts of virtue? |
1591 | You, Socrates, are discontented, and why? |
1591 | and about what? |
1591 | and do you bring any news? |
1591 | and do you call the latter good? |
1591 | and do you maintain that one part of virtue is unlike another, and is this your position?'' |
1591 | and in causing poverty do they not cause pain;--they would agree to that also, if I am not mistaken? |
1591 | and what sort of doing makes a man good in letters? |
1591 | and what will he make of you? |
1591 | and why do you give them this money?--how would you have answered? |
1591 | and why have you come hither at this unearthly hour? |
1591 | are they parts of a whole, or different names of the same thing? |
1591 | he said: how am I to shorten my answers? |
1591 | how is he designated? |
1591 | how would you have answered? |
1591 | or does he hold that knowledge is power? |
1591 | or shall I repeat the whole? |
1591 | shall I make them too short? |
1643 | ''If there is knowledge, there must be teachers; and where are the teachers?'' |
1643 | ''To whom, then, shall Meno go?'' |
1643 | ''what is courage?'' |
1643 | ''what is temperance?'' |
1643 | ( To the Boy:) Tell me, boy, do you assert that a double space comes from a double line? |
1643 | ANYTUS: Whom do you mean, Socrates? |
1643 | ANYTUS: Why do you not tell him yourself? |
1643 | ANYTUS: Why single out individuals? |
1643 | Am I not right? |
1643 | And am I to carry back this report of you to Thessaly? |
1643 | And if these were our reasons, should we not be right in sending him? |
1643 | And if this is the proper name, then you, Meno''s slave, are prepared to affirm that the double space is the square of the diagonal? |
1643 | And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is the thing which you did not know? |
1643 | And is any mode of acquisition, even if unjust and dishonest, equally to be deemed virtue? |
1643 | And now tell me, is not this a line of two feet and that of four? |
1643 | And yet, if there are no universal ideas, what becomes of philosophy? |
1643 | And, therefore, my dear Meno, I fear that I must begin again and repeat the same question: What is virtue? |
1643 | Are they not profitable when they are rightly used, and hurtful when they are not rightly used? |
1643 | But I can not believe, Socrates, that there are no good men: And if there are, how did they come into existence? |
1643 | But are you in earnest, Socrates, in saying that you do not know what virtue is? |
1643 | But how, asks Meno, can he enquire either into what he knows or into what he does not know? |
1643 | But is virtue taught or not? |
1643 | But what has been the result? |
1643 | But whence had the uneducated man this knowledge? |
1643 | But where are the teachers? |
1643 | Can he be wrong who has right opinion, so long as he has right opinion? |
1643 | Can the child govern his father, or the slave his master; and would he who governed be any longer a slave? |
1643 | Can those who were deemed by many to be the wisest men of Hellas have been out of their minds? |
1643 | Can you say that they are teachers in any true sense whose ideas are in such confusion? |
1643 | Can you teach me how this is? |
1643 | Consider the matter thus: If we wanted Meno to be a good physician, to whom should we send him? |
1643 | Could you not answer that question, Meno? |
1643 | Do not all men, my dear sir, desire good? |
1643 | Do they seem to you to be teachers of virtue? |
1643 | Do you observe that here he seems to imply that virtue can be taught? |
1643 | Do you remember them? |
1643 | Do you think that I could? |
1643 | Have there not been many good men in this city? |
1643 | Have you not heard from our elders of him? |
1643 | Health and strength, and beauty and wealth-- these, and the like of these, we call profitable? |
1643 | Here are two and there is one; and on the other side, here are two also and there is one: and that makes the figure of which you speak? |
1643 | How could that be? |
1643 | How would you answer me? |
1643 | How, if I knew nothing at all of Meno, could I tell if he was fair, or the opposite of fair; rich and noble, or the reverse of rich and noble? |
1643 | If a man knew the way to Larisa, or anywhere else, and went to the place and led others thither, would he not be a right and good guide? |
1643 | Is he a bit better than any other mortal? |
1643 | Is there any difference? |
1643 | Is virtue the same in a child and in a slave, Meno? |
1643 | It was the natural answer to two questions,''Whence came the soul? |
1643 | Let me explain: if in one direction the space was of two feet, and in the other direction of one foot, the whole would be of two feet taken once? |
1643 | Let the first hypothesis be that virtue is or is not knowledge,--in that case will it be taught or not? |
1643 | Let us take another,--Aristides, the son of Lysimachus: would you not acknowledge that he was a good man? |
1643 | Look at the matter in your own way: Would you not admit that Themistocles was a good man? |
1643 | MENO: And did you not think that he knew? |
1643 | MENO: And how will you enquire, Socrates, into that which you do not know? |
1643 | MENO: And now, Socrates, what is colour? |
1643 | MENO: But if a person were to say that he does not know what colour is, any more than what figure is-- what sort of answer would you have given him? |
1643 | MENO: How can it be otherwise? |
1643 | MENO: How do you mean, Socrates? |
1643 | MENO: Then you have never met Gorgias when he was at Athens? |
1643 | MENO: True; but do you think that there are no teachers of virtue? |
1643 | MENO: Well, Socrates, and is not the argument sound? |
1643 | MENO: Well, what of that? |
1643 | MENO: Well; and why are you so slow of heart to believe that knowledge is virtue? |
1643 | MENO: What do you mean by the word''right''? |
1643 | MENO: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1643 | MENO: What do you mean? |
1643 | MENO: What have they to do with the question? |
1643 | MENO: What of that? |
1643 | MENO: What was it? |
1643 | MENO: Where does he say so? |
1643 | MENO: Why do you say that, Socrates? |
1643 | MENO: Why do you think so? |
1643 | MENO: Why not? |
1643 | MENO: Why, how can there be virtue without these? |
1643 | MENO: Why? |
1643 | MENO: Will you have one definition of them all? |
1643 | MENO: Yes, Socrates; but what do you mean by saying that we do not learn, and that what we call learning is only a process of recollection? |
1643 | Meanwhile I will return to you, Meno; for I suppose that there are gentlemen in your region too? |
1643 | Now, has any one ever taught him all this? |
1643 | Now, to whom should he go in order that he may learn this virtue? |
1643 | Now, when you say that they deceived and corrupted the youth, are they to be supposed to have corrupted them consciously or unconsciously? |
1643 | Once more, I suspect, friend Anytus, that virtue is not a thing which can be taught? |
1643 | Or is the nature of health always the same, whether in man or woman? |
1643 | Ought I not to ask the question over again; for can any one who does not know virtue know a part of virtue? |
1643 | Please, Anytus, to help me and your friend Meno in answering our question, Who are the teachers? |
1643 | SOCRATES: A square may be of any size? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And a person who had a right opinion about the way, but had never been and did not know, might be a good guide also, might he not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And a third, which is equal to either of them? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And am I not also right in saying that true opinion leading the way perfects action quite as well as knowledge? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And are there not here four equal lines which contain this space? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And are there not these four divisions in the figure, each of which is equal to the figure of four feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And are they willing to teach the young? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And can either a young man or an elder one be good, if they are intemperate and unjust? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And can either house or state or anything be well ordered without temperance and without justice? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And conversely, may not the art of which neither teachers nor disciples exist be assumed to be incapable of being taught? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And desire is of possession? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And did not he train his son Lysimachus better than any other Athenian in all that could be done for him by the help of masters? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And do you really imagine, Meno, that a man knows evils to be evils and desires them notwithstanding? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does any one desire to be miserable and ill- fated? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does he really know? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does he think that the evils will do good to him who possesses them, or does he know that they will do him harm? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does he who desires the honourable also desire the good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does not this line, reaching from corner to corner, bisect each of these spaces? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And does this definition of virtue include all virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And for this reason-- that there are other figures? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And four is how many times two? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And four such lines will make a space containing eight feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And four times is not double? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And from what line do you get this figure? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how many are twice two feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how many in this? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how many spaces are there in this section? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how many times larger is this space than this other? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how much are three times three feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And how much is the double of four? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if he proceeded to ask, What other figures are there? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if it was taught it was wisdom? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if one man is not better than another in desiring good, he must be better in the power of attaining it? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if one side of the figure be of two feet, and the other side be of two feet, how much will the whole be? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if there are no teachers, neither are there disciples? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if there are no teachers, neither are there scholars? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if there were teachers, it might be taught; and if there were no teachers, not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And if we are good, then we are profitable; for all good things are profitable? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And in speaking thus, you do not mean to say that the round is round any more than straight, or the straight any more straight than round? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And in supposing that they will be useful only if they are true guides to us of action-- there we were also right? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And is not that four times four? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And is not this true of size and strength? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And is not this universally true of human nature? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And may we not, Meno, truly call those men''divine''who, having no understanding, yet succeed in many a grand deed and word? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And might not the same be said of flute- playing, and of the other arts? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And might there not be another square twice as large as this, and having like this the lines equal? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And must not he then have been a good teacher, if any man ever was a good teacher, of his own virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And must they not suppose that those who are hurt are miserable in proportion to the hurt which is inflicted upon them? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And nature being excluded, then came the question whether virtue is acquired by teaching? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And now I add another square equal to the former one? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And now try and tell me the length of the line which forms the side of that double square: this is two feet-- what will that be? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And of how many feet will that be? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And passages into which and through which the effluences pass? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And shall I explain this wonder to you? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And so forth? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And some of the effluences fit into the passages, and some of them are too small or too large? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And surely the good man has been acknowledged by us to be useful? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And the right guide is useful and good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And the space of four feet is made from this half line? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And the women too, Meno, call good men divine-- do they not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And then you will tell me about virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And there are no teachers of virtue to be found anywhere? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And there is such a thing as sight? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And these lines which I have drawn through the middle of the square are also equal? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And they surely would not have been good in the same way, unless their virtue had been the same? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And this knowledge which he now has must he not either have acquired or always possessed? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And this space is of how many feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And this spontaneous recovery of knowledge in him is recollection? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And thus we arrive at the conclusion that virtue is either wholly or partly wisdom? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And virtue makes us good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And we have admitted that a thing can not be taught of which there are neither teachers nor disciples? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And were we not saying just now that justice, temperance, and the like, were each of them a part of virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And what do you think of these Sophists, who are the only professors? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And what is the guiding principle which makes them profitable or the reverse? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And will not virtue, as virtue, be the same, whether in a child or in a grown- up person, in a woman or in a man? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And yet he has the knowledge? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And yet these things may also sometimes do us harm: would you not think so? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And yet we admitted that it was a good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And yet, as we were just now saying, he did not know? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And yet, were you not saying just now that virtue is the desire and power of attaining good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And you know that a square figure has these four lines equal? |
1643 | SOCRATES: And, in your opinion, do those who think that they will do them good know that they are evils? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But are not the miserable ill- fated? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But did any one, old or young, ever say in your hearing that Cleophantus, son of Themistocles, was a wise or good man, as his father was? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But does not this line become doubled if we add another such line here? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But how much? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if he did not acquire the knowledge in this life, then he must have had and learned it at some other time? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if neither the Sophists nor the gentlemen are teachers, clearly there can be no other teachers? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if the good are not by nature good, are they made good by instruction? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if there are three feet this way and three feet that way, the whole space will be three times three feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if this be affirmed, then the desire of good is common to all, and one man is no better than another in that respect? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But if this is true, then the good are not by nature good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But since this side is also of two feet, there are twice two feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But still he had in him those notions of his-- had he not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But surely we acknowledged that there were no teachers of virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But why? |
1643 | SOCRATES: But would he not have wanted? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Can we call those teachers who do not acknowledge the possibility of their own vocation? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Do not he and you and Empedocles say that there are certain effluences of existence? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Do you mean that they think the evils which they desire, to be good; or do they know that they are evil and yet desire them? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Do you remember how, in the example of figure, we rejected any answer given in terms which were as yet unexplained or unadmitted? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Do you see, Meno, what advances he has made in his power of recollection? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Four times four are sixteen-- are they not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Good; and is not a space of eight feet twice the size of this, and half the size of the other? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Has any of the Sophists wronged you, Anytus? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Has not each interior line cut off half of the four spaces? |
1643 | SOCRATES: He is Greek, and speaks Greek, does he not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Here, then, there are four equal spaces? |
1643 | SOCRATES: I will tell you why: I have heard from certain wise men and women who spoke of things divine that-- MENO: What did they say? |
1643 | SOCRATES: If virtue was wisdom( or knowledge), then, as we thought, it was taught? |
1643 | SOCRATES: If we have made him doubt, and given him the''torpedo''s shock,''have we done him any harm? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Is he not better off in knowing his ignorance? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Let us describe such a figure: Would you not say that this is the figure of eight feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Or if we wanted him to be a good cobbler, should we not send him to the cobblers? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Shall I indulge you? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Such a space, then, will be made out of a line greater than this one, and less than that one? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Suppose that we fill up the vacant corner? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Tell me, boy, do you know that a figure like this is a square? |
1643 | SOCRATES: That is, from the line which extends from corner to corner of the figure of four feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: The next question is, whether virtue is knowledge or of another species? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then all men are good in the same way, and by participation in the same virtues? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then are there some who desire the evil and others who desire the good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then begin again, and answer me, What, according to you and your friend Gorgias, is the definition of virtue? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then both men and women, if they are to be good men and women, must have the same virtues of temperance and justice? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then do you not think that the Sophists are teachers? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then he was the better for the torpedo''s touch? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then he who does not know may still have true notions of that which he does not know? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then if they are not given by nature, neither are the good by nature good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then if virtue is knowledge, virtue will be taught? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then no one could say that his son showed any want of capacity? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then now we have made a quick end of this question: if virtue is of such a nature, it will be taught; and if not, not? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then right opinion is not less useful than knowledge? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then the figure of eight is not made out of a line of three? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then the line which forms the side of eight feet ought to be more than this line of two feet, and less than the other of four feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then the square is of twice two feet? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then they who order a state or a house temperately or justly order them with temperance and justice? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then virtue can not be taught? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then virtue is profitable? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then we acknowledged that it was not taught, and was not wisdom? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then you are entirely unacquainted with them? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then, according to your definition, virtue would appear to be the power of attaining good? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Then, my dear friend, how can you know whether a thing is good or bad of which you are wholly ignorant? |
1643 | SOCRATES: There are some who desire evil? |
1643 | SOCRATES: They must be temperate and just? |
1643 | SOCRATES: To what then do we give the name of figure? |
1643 | SOCRATES: What are they? |
1643 | SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1643 | SOCRATES: What do you say of him, Meno? |
1643 | SOCRATES: What line would give you a space of eight feet, as this gives one of sixteen feet;--do you see? |
1643 | SOCRATES: What, Anytus? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Which must have been the time when he was not a man? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Why simple? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Without any one teaching him he will recover his knowledge for himself, if he is only asked questions? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Would you like me to answer you after the manner of Gorgias, which is familiar to you? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Would you say''virtue,''Meno, or''a virtue''? |
1643 | SOCRATES: Yes, indeed; but what if the supposition is erroneous? |
1643 | SOCRATES: You only assert that the round figure is not more a figure than the straight, or the straight than the round? |
1643 | SOCRATES: You surely know, do you not, Anytus, that these are the people whom mankind call Sophists? |
1643 | SOCRATES: You would not wonder if you had ever observed the images of Daedalus( Compare Euthyphro); but perhaps you have not got them in your country? |
1643 | Should we not send him to the physicians? |
1643 | Suppose now that some one asked you the question which I asked before: Meno, he would say, what is figure? |
1643 | Suppose that I carry on the figure of the swarm, and ask of you, What is the nature of the bee? |
1643 | Tell me, boy, is not this a square of four feet which I have drawn? |
1643 | There is another sort of progress from the general notions of Socrates, who asked simply,''what is friendship?'' |
1643 | This Dialogue is an attempt to answer the question, Can virtue be taught? |
1643 | Were not all these answers given out of his own head? |
1643 | Were we not right in admitting this? |
1643 | Were you not saying that the virtue of a man was to order a state, and the virtue of a woman was to order a house? |
1643 | What is the origin of evil?'' |
1643 | What makes you so angry with them? |
1643 | What will you put forth as the subject of enquiry? |
1643 | When a man has no sense he is harmed by courage, but when he has sense he is profited? |
1643 | Whom would you name? |
1643 | Why, did not I ask you to tell me the nature of virtue as a whole? |
1643 | Will Meno tell him his own notion, which is probably not very different from that of Gorgias? |
1643 | Will you be satisfied with it, as I am sure that I should be, if you would let me have a similar definition of virtue? |
1643 | Will you reply that he was a mean man, and had not many friends among the Athenians and allies? |
1643 | Yet once more, fair friend; according to you, virtue is''the power of governing;''but do you not add''justly and not unjustly''? |
1643 | and do they agree that virtue is taught? |
1643 | and do they profess to be teachers? |
1643 | and who were they? |
1643 | or is there anything about which even the acknowledged''gentlemen''are sometimes saying that''this thing can be taught,''and sometimes the opposite? |
1643 | or rather, does not every one see that knowledge alone is taught? |
1643 | or, as we were just now saying,''remembered''? |
1643 | would do well to have his eye fixed: Do you understand? |
1738 | ''And is this cycle, of which you are speaking, the reign of Cronos, or our present state of existence?'' |
1738 | ''But what, Stranger, is the deficiency of which you speak?'' |
1738 | ''Then why have we laws at all?'' |
1738 | ''You mean about the golden lamb?'' |
1738 | ( 4) But are we not exceeding all due limits; and is there not a measure of all arts and sciences, to which the art of discourse must conform? |
1738 | And do we wonder, when the foundation of politics is in the letter only, at the miseries of states? |
1738 | And here I will interpose a question: What are the true forms of government? |
1738 | And if the legislator, or another like him, comes back from a far country, is he to be prohibited from altering his own laws? |
1738 | And no doubt you have heard of the empire of Cronos, and of the earthborn men? |
1738 | Are they not always inciting their country to go to war, owing to their excessive love of the military life? |
1738 | Are they not divided by an interval which no geometrical ratio can express? |
1738 | Are they not three-- monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy? |
1738 | But are any of these governments worthy of the name? |
1738 | But how would you subdivide the herdsman''s art? |
1738 | But is a physician only to cure his patients by persuasion, and not by force? |
1738 | But supposing that he does use some gentle violence for their good, what is this violence to be called? |
1738 | But what shall be done with Theaetetus? |
1738 | But what would be the consequence? |
1738 | But why did we go through this circuitous process, instead of saying at once that weaving is the art of entwining the warp and the woof? |
1738 | Can the many attain to science? |
1738 | Can you remember? |
1738 | Can you, and will you, determine which of them you deem the happier? |
1738 | Do you see why this is? |
1738 | How can we get the greatest intelligence combined with the greatest power? |
1738 | I think, however, that we may fairly assume something of this sort-- YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | Is he a worse physician who uses a little gentle violence in effecting the cure? |
1738 | Is not that true? |
1738 | Is not the definition, although true, wanting in clearness and completeness; for do not all those other arts require to be first cleared away? |
1738 | Is not this the true principle of government, according to which the wise and good man will order the affairs of his subjects? |
1738 | Let us next ask, which of these untrue forms of government is the least bad, and which of them is the worst? |
1738 | May not any man, rich or poor, with or without law, and whether the citizens like or not, do what is for their good? |
1738 | May not any man, rich or poor, with or without laws, with the will of the citizens or against the will of the citizens, do what is for their interest? |
1738 | Might not an idiot, so to speak, know that he is a pedestrian? |
1738 | O my dear Theodorus, do my ears truly witness that this is the estimate formed of them by the great calculator and geometrician? |
1738 | Or ought this science to be the overseer and governor of all the others? |
1738 | Or rather, shall I tell you that the happiness of these children of Cronos must have depended on how they used their time? |
1738 | Or rather, shall we not first ask, whether the king, statesman, master, householder, practise one art or many? |
1738 | Or shall we assign to him the art of command-- for he is a ruler? |
1738 | Or shall we say, that the violence is just, if exercised by a rich man, and unjust, if by a poor man? |
1738 | Ought we not rather to admire the strength of the political bond? |
1738 | Ought we not rather to wonder at the natural strength of the political bond? |
1738 | SOCRATES: Does the great geometrician apply the same measure to all three? |
1738 | STRANGER: Again, a large household may be compared to a small state:--will they differ at all, as far as government is concerned? |
1738 | STRANGER: And a science of a peculiar kind, which was selected out of the rest as having a character which is at once judicial and authoritative? |
1738 | STRANGER: And are''statesman,''''king,''''master,''or''householder,''one and the same; or is there a science or art answering to each of these names? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do not these three expand in a manner into five, producing out of themselves two other names? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do we acknowledge this science to be different from the others? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do we not often praise the quiet strain of action also? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do we not then say the opposite of what we said of the other? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do you agree to his proposal? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do you remember the terms in which they are praised? |
1738 | STRANGER: And do you think, Socrates, that we really have done as you say? |
1738 | STRANGER: And is not the herald under command, and does he not receive orders, and in his turn give them to others? |
1738 | STRANGER: And is our enquiry about the Statesman intended only to improve our knowledge of politics, or our power of reasoning generally? |
1738 | STRANGER: And is the art which is able and knows how to advise when we are to go to war, or to make peace, the same as this or different? |
1738 | STRANGER: And is there any higher art or science, having power to decide which of these arts are and are not to be learned;--what do you say? |
1738 | STRANGER: And may therefore be justly said to share in theoretical science? |
1738 | STRANGER: And now we shall only be proceeding in due order if we go on to divide the sphere of knowledge? |
1738 | STRANGER: And now, in which of these divisions shall we place the king?--Is he a judge and a kind of spectator? |
1738 | STRANGER: And of which has the Statesman charge,--of the mixed or of the unmixed race? |
1738 | STRANGER: And ought the other sciences to be superior to this, or no single science to any other? |
1738 | STRANGER: And shall we say that the violence, if exercised by a rich man, is just, and if by a poor man, unjust? |
1738 | STRANGER: And the householder and master are the same? |
1738 | STRANGER: And the science which determines whether we ought to persuade or not, must be superior to the science which is able to persuade? |
1738 | STRANGER: And this the argument defined to be the art of rearing, not horses or other brutes, but the art of rearing man collectively? |
1738 | STRANGER: And we must also suppose that this rules the other, if we are not to give up our former notion? |
1738 | STRANGER: And what are the rules which are enforced on their pupils by professional trainers or by others having similar authority? |
1738 | STRANGER: And when men have anything to do in common, that they should be of one mind is surely a desirable thing? |
1738 | STRANGER: And where shall we look for the political animal? |
1738 | STRANGER: And would you not expect the slowest to arrive last? |
1738 | STRANGER: And you would think temperance to be different from courage; and likewise to be a part of virtue? |
1738 | STRANGER: And, after monarchy, next in order comes the government of the few? |
1738 | STRANGER: And, considering how great and terrible the whole art of war is, can we imagine any which is superior to it but the truly royal? |
1738 | STRANGER: Any one can divide the herds which feed on dry land? |
1738 | STRANGER: Are not examples formed in this manner? |
1738 | STRANGER: But if this is as you say, can our argument about the king be true and unimpeachable? |
1738 | STRANGER: But surely the science of a true king is royal science? |
1738 | STRANGER: But the first process is a separation of the clotted and matted fibres? |
1738 | STRANGER: But what would you say of some other serviceable officials? |
1738 | STRANGER: But what would you think of another sort of power or science? |
1738 | STRANGER: But why did we not say at once that weaving is the art of entwining warp and woof, instead of making a long and useless circuit? |
1738 | STRANGER: But yet the division will not be the same? |
1738 | STRANGER: But, perhaps, in a city of a thousand men, there would be a hundred, or say fifty, who could? |
1738 | STRANGER: Could any one, my friend, who began with false opinion ever expect to arrive even at a small portion of truth and to attain wisdom? |
1738 | STRANGER: Did you ever hear that the men of former times were earth- born, and not begotten of one another? |
1738 | STRANGER: Do you know a plausible saying of the common people which is in point? |
1738 | STRANGER: Do you think that the multitude in a State can attain political science? |
1738 | STRANGER: He contributes knowledge, not manual labour? |
1738 | STRANGER: How does man walk, but as a diameter whose power is two feet? |
1738 | STRANGER: I want to ask, whether any one of the other herdsmen has a rival who professes and claims to share with him in the management of the herd? |
1738 | STRANGER: If I am not mistaken, we said that royal power was a science? |
1738 | STRANGER: If any one who is in a private station has the skill to advise one of the public physicians, must not he also be called a physician? |
1738 | STRANGER: Is not monarchy a recognized form of government? |
1738 | STRANGER: Is not the third form of government the rule of the multitude, which is called by the name of democracy? |
1738 | STRANGER: Let me put the matter in another way: I suppose that you would consider courage to be a part of virtue? |
1738 | STRANGER: May not all rulers be supposed to command for the sake of producing something? |
1738 | STRANGER: May we not very properly say, that of all knowledge, there are two divisions-- one which rules, and the other which judges? |
1738 | STRANGER: Must we not admit, then, that where these two classes exist, they always feel the greatest antipathy and antagonism towards one another? |
1738 | STRANGER: Shall we abide by what we said at first, or shall we retract our words? |
1738 | STRANGER: Shall we break up this hornless herd into sections, and endeavour to assign to him what is his? |
1738 | STRANGER: Shall we call this art of tending many animals together, the art of managing a herd, or the art of collective management? |
1738 | STRANGER: Shall we distinguish them by their having or not having cloven feet, or by their mixing or not mixing the breed? |
1738 | STRANGER: Shall we relieve him, and take his companion, the Young Socrates, instead of him? |
1738 | STRANGER: Such as this: You may remember that we made an art of calculation? |
1738 | STRANGER: The art of the general is only ministerial, and therefore not political? |
1738 | STRANGER: The points on which I think that we ought to dwell are the following:-- YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | STRANGER: The science which has to do with military operations against our enemies-- is that to be regarded as a science or not? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then here, Socrates, is still clearer evidence of the truth of what was said in the enquiry about the Sophist? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then if the law is not the perfection of right, why are we compelled to make laws at all? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then shall I determine for you as well as I can? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then the next thing will be to separate them, in order that the argument may proceed in a regular manner? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then the sciences must be divided as before? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then while we are at unity among ourselves, we need not mind about the fancies of others? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then, now that we have discovered the various classes in a State, shall I analyse politics after the pattern which weaving supplied? |
1738 | STRANGER: Then, shall we say that the king has a greater affinity to knowledge than to manual arts and to practical life in general? |
1738 | STRANGER: There is such a thing as learning music or handicraft arts in general? |
1738 | STRANGER: There were many arts of shepherding, and one of them was the political, which had the charge of one particular herd? |
1738 | STRANGER: Together? |
1738 | STRANGER: Very good; and to what science do we assign the power of persuading a multitude by a pleasing tale and not by teaching? |
1738 | STRANGER: Weaving is a sort of uniting? |
1738 | STRANGER: Well, and are not arithmetic and certain other kindred arts, merely abstract knowledge, wholly separated from action? |
1738 | STRANGER: What model is there which is small, and yet has any analogy with the political occupation? |
1738 | STRANGER: Where shall we discover the path of the Statesman? |
1738 | STRANGER: Which was, unmistakeably, one of the arts of knowledge? |
1738 | STRANGER: Which, if I am not mistaken, will be politics? |
1738 | STRANGER: Why, does not the retailer receive and sell over again the productions of others, which have been sold before? |
1738 | STRANGER: Why, is not''care''of herds applicable to all? |
1738 | STRANGER: Will not the best and easiest way of bringing them to a knowledge of what they do not as yet know be-- YOUNG SOCRATES: Be what? |
1738 | STRANGER: Yes, and of the woof too; how, if not by twisting, is the woof made? |
1738 | STRANGER: Yes, quite right; for how can he sit at every man''s side all through his life, prescribing for him the exact particulars of his duty? |
1738 | STRANGER: You know that the master- builder does not work himself, but is the ruler of workmen? |
1738 | Shall I explain the nature of what I call the second best? |
1738 | Shall we do as I say? |
1738 | THEODORUS: In what respect? |
1738 | THEODORUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1738 | Tell me, then-- YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | Tell me, which is the happier of the two? |
1738 | The excessive length of a discourse may be blamed; but who can say what is excess, unless he is furnished with a measure or standard? |
1738 | The question is often asked, What are the limits of legislation in relation to morals? |
1738 | Under which of the two shall we place the Statesman? |
1738 | Viewed in the light of science and true art, would not all such enactments be utterly ridiculous? |
1738 | Viewed in the light of science, would not the continuance of such regulations be ridiculous? |
1738 | Were we right in selecting him out of ten thousand other claimants to be the shepherd and rearer of the human flock? |
1738 | What do you advise? |
1738 | Who, Socrates, would be equal to such a task? |
1738 | Will you proceed? |
1738 | Would you ever dream of calling it a violation of the art, or a breach of the laws of health? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: And are they not right? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: And what is that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: And which are the kindred arts? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Are they not right in saying so? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: At what point? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: At what point? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Can not we have both ways? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Certainly not; but how shall we divide the two remaining species? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Do I understand you, in speaking of twisting, to be referring to manufacture of the warp? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Explain; what are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How and why is that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How can generalship and military tactics be regarded as other than a science? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How can they be made? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How can we be safe? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How could we? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How is that the cause? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How is that, and what bonds do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How is that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How is this? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How must I speak of them, then? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How shall I define them? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How so? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How so? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How so? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How then? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How was that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How would you divide them? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How would you divide them? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How would you make the division? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: How? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: In what direction? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: In what respect? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: In what way? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: On what principle of division? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: On what principle? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Quite right; but how shall we take the next step in the division? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Then how, Stranger, were the animals created in those days; and in what way were they begotten of one another? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: To what do you refer? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: To what do you refer? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: To what do you refer? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: To what do you refer? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: To what do you refer? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: True; and what is the next step? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Upon what principle? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Very true; but what is the imperfection which still remains? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: We had better not take the whole? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What class do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What did I hear, then? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean, Stranger? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What images? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is the error? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is this new question? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is this? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is to be done in this case? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What is your meaning? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What misfortune? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What question? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What road? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What science? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What sort of an image? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What was it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What was it? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What was the error of which, as you say, we were guilty in our recent division? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What was this great error of which you speak? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: What? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Where would you make the division? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Which of the two halves do you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Who are they, and what services do they perform? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Who are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Who are they? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Who is he? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Whom can you mean? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why is that? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why not? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why not? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why so? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why strange? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Why? |
1738 | YOUNG SOCRATES: Yes; what else should it be? |
1738 | Yet perhaps the question what will or will not be is a foolish one, for who can tell?'' |
1738 | You have heard what happened in the quarrel of Atreus and Thyestes? |
1738 | You have heard, no doubt, and remember what they say happened at that time? |
1738 | Young Socrates, do you hear what the elder Socrates is proposing? |
1738 | they raise up enemies against themselves many and mighty, and either utterly ruin their native- land or enslave and subject it to its foes? |
1598 | ''And are you an ox because you have an ox present with you?'' |
1598 | ''And dictation is a dictation of letters?'' |
1598 | ''And do they learn,''said Euthydemus,''what they know or what they do not know?'' |
1598 | ''And he is not wise yet?'' |
1598 | ''And what did you think of them?'' |
1598 | ''And you acquire that which you have not got already?'' |
1598 | ''And you know letters?'' |
1598 | ''And you see our garments?'' |
1598 | ''But are there any beautiful things? |
1598 | ''But,''retorts Dionysodorus,''is not learning acquiring knowledge?'' |
1598 | ''Cleinias,''says Euthydemus,''who learn, the wise or the unwise?'' |
1598 | ''Crito,''said he to me,''are you giving no attention to these wise men?'' |
1598 | ''Do they know shoemaking, etc?'' |
1598 | ''Do you see,''retorts Euthydemus,''what has the quality of vision or what has not the quality of vision?'' |
1598 | ''Is a speaking of the silent possible? |
1598 | ''What did I think of them?'' |
1598 | ''What does the word"non- plussed"mean?'' |
1598 | ''What was that?'' |
1598 | ''You want Cleinias to be wise?'' |
1598 | A noble man or a mean man? |
1598 | A weak man or a strong man? |
1598 | All letters? |
1598 | Am I not right? |
1598 | Am I not right? |
1598 | Amid the dangers of the sea, again, are any more fortunate on the whole than wise pilots? |
1598 | And a coward would do less than a courageous and temperate man? |
1598 | And a slow man less than a quick; and one who had dull perceptions of seeing and hearing less than one who had keen ones? |
1598 | And an indolent man less than an active man? |
1598 | And are not good things good, and evil things evil? |
1598 | And are not health and beauty goods, and other personal gifts? |
1598 | And are not the scribes most fortunate in writing and reading letters? |
1598 | And are not these gods animals? |
1598 | And are those who acquire those who have or have not a thing? |
1598 | And are you an ox because an ox is present with you, or are you Dionysodorus, because Dionysodorus is present with you? |
1598 | And being other than a stone, you are not a stone; and being other than gold, you are not gold? |
1598 | And can any one do anything about that which has no existence, or do to Cleinias that which is not and is nowhere? |
1598 | And can he vault among swords, and turn upon a wheel, at his age? |
1598 | And clearly we do not want the art of the flute- maker; this is only another of the same sort? |
1598 | And did you always know this? |
1598 | And did you not say that you knew something? |
1598 | And do all other men know all things or nothing? |
1598 | And do the Scythians and others see that which has the quality of vision, or that which has not? |
1598 | And do they speak great things of the great, rejoined Euthydemus, and warm things of the warm? |
1598 | And do you know of any word which is alive? |
1598 | And do you know stitching? |
1598 | And do you know things such as the numbers of the stars and of the sand? |
1598 | And do you know with what you know, or with something else? |
1598 | And do you please? |
1598 | And do you really and truly know all things, including carpentering and leather- cutting? |
1598 | And do you suppose that gold is not gold, or that a man is not a man? |
1598 | And doing is making? |
1598 | And gudgeons and puppies and pigs are your brothers? |
1598 | And have not other Athenians, he said, an ancestral Zeus? |
1598 | And have you no need, Euthydemus? |
1598 | And have you not admitted that those who do not know are of the number of those who have not? |
1598 | And have you not admitted that you always know all things with that which you know, whether you make the addition of''when you know them''or not? |
1598 | And he has puppies? |
1598 | And he is not wise as yet? |
1598 | And he who says that thing says that which is? |
1598 | And he who tells, tells that thing which he tells, and no other? |
1598 | And if a man does his business he does rightly? |
1598 | And if a person had wealth and all the goods of which we were just now speaking, and did not use them, would he be happy because he possessed them? |
1598 | And if there are such, are they the same or not the same as absolute beauty?'' |
1598 | And if we knew how to convert stones into gold, the knowledge would be of no value to us, unless we also knew how to use the gold? |
1598 | And if you were engaged in war, in whose company would you rather take the risk-- in company with a wise general, or with a foolish one? |
1598 | And if you were ill, whom would you rather have as a companion in a dangerous illness-- a wise physician, or an ignorant one? |
1598 | And in telling a lie, do you tell the thing of which you speak or not? |
1598 | And is Patrocles, he said, your brother? |
1598 | And is he not yours? |
1598 | And is that fair? |
1598 | And is that something, he rejoined, always the same, or sometimes one thing, and sometimes another thing? |
1598 | And is this true? |
1598 | And knowing is having knowledge at the time? |
1598 | And may a person use them either rightly or wrongly? |
1598 | And may there not be a silence of the speaker? |
1598 | And not knowing is not having knowledge at the time? |
1598 | And now answer: Do you always know with this? |
1598 | And now, O son of Axiochus, let me put a question to you: Do not all men desire happiness? |
1598 | And philosophy is the acquisition of knowledge? |
1598 | And please to tell me whether you intend to exhibit your wisdom; or what will you do? |
1598 | And seeing that in war to have arms is a good thing, he ought to have as many spears and shields as possible? |
1598 | And should we be any the better if we went about having a knowledge of the places where most gold was hidden in the earth? |
1598 | And should we be happy by reason of the presence of good things, if they profited us not, or if they profited us? |
1598 | And so Chaeredemus, he said, being other than a father, is not a father? |
1598 | And speaking is doing and making? |
1598 | And surely, in the manufacture of vessels, knowledge is that which gives the right way of making them? |
1598 | And tell me, I said, O tell me, what do possessions profit a man, if he have neither good sense nor wisdom? |
1598 | And that is a distinct thing apart from other things? |
1598 | And that is impossible? |
1598 | And that which is not is nowhere? |
1598 | And the business of the cook is to cut up and skin; you have admitted that? |
1598 | And the dog is the father of them? |
1598 | And they are the teachers of those who learn-- the grammar- master and the lyre- master used to teach you and other boys; and you were the learners? |
1598 | And to have money everywhere and always is a good? |
1598 | And was Sophroniscus a father, and Chaeredemus also? |
1598 | And were you not just now saying that you could teach virtue best of all men, to any one who was willing to learn? |
1598 | And were you wise then? |
1598 | And what does that signify? |
1598 | And what is your notion? |
1598 | And what knowledge ought we to acquire? |
1598 | And what other goods are there? |
1598 | And what things do we esteem good? |
1598 | And when you were learners you did not as yet know the things which you were learning? |
1598 | And who has to kill and skin and mince and boil and roast? |
1598 | And who would do least-- a poor man or a rich man? |
1598 | And whose the making of pots? |
1598 | And why should you say so? |
1598 | And would not you, Crito, say the same? |
1598 | And would they profit us, if we only had them and did not use them? |
1598 | And would you arm Geryon and Briareus in that way? |
1598 | And would you be able, Socrates, to recognize this wisdom when it has become your own? |
1598 | And would you be happy if you had three talents of gold in your belly, a talent in your pate, and a stater in either eye?'' |
1598 | And yet, perhaps, I was right after all in saying that words have a sense;--what do you say, wise man? |
1598 | And you admit gold to be a good? |
1598 | And you admitted that of animals those are yours which you could give away or sell or offer in sacrifice, as you pleased? |
1598 | And you also see that which has the quality of vision? |
1598 | And you say that gentlemen speak of things as they are? |
1598 | And your mother, too, is the mother of all? |
1598 | And your papa is a dog? |
1598 | Are the things which have sense alive or lifeless? |
1598 | Are you not ashamed, Socrates, of asking a question when you are asked one? |
1598 | Are you not other than a stone? |
1598 | Are you prepared to make that good? |
1598 | Are you saying this as a paradox, Dionysodorus; or do you seriously maintain no man to be ignorant? |
1598 | At any rate they are yours, he said, did you not admit that? |
1598 | Bravo Heracles, or is Heracles a Bravo? |
1598 | But are you quite sure about this, Dionysodorus and Euthydemus? |
1598 | But can a father be other than a father? |
1598 | But can we contradict one another, said Dionysodorus, when both of us are describing the same thing? |
1598 | But can wisdom be taught? |
1598 | But did you carry the search any further, and did you find the art which you were seeking? |
1598 | But how can I refute you, if, as you say, to tell a falsehood is impossible? |
1598 | But how, he said, by reason of one thing being present with another, will one thing be another? |
1598 | But if he can not speak falsely, may he not think falsely? |
1598 | But if you were not wise you were unlearned? |
1598 | But suppose, I said, that we were to learn the art of making speeches-- would that be the art which would make us happy? |
1598 | But what need is there of good fortune when we have wisdom already:--in every art and business are not the wise also the fortunate? |
1598 | But when I describe something and you describe another thing, or I say something and you say nothing-- is there any contradiction? |
1598 | But when the teacher dictates to you, does he not dictate letters? |
1598 | But when you speak of stones, wood, iron bars, do you not speak of the silent? |
1598 | But why should I repeat the whole story? |
1598 | CRITO: And did Euthydemus show you this knowledge? |
1598 | CRITO: And do you mean, Socrates, that the youngster said all this? |
1598 | CRITO: And were you not right, Socrates? |
1598 | CRITO: But, Socrates, are you not too old? |
1598 | CRITO: How did that happen, Socrates? |
1598 | CRITO: Well, and what came of that? |
1598 | CRITO: What do you say of them, Socrates? |
1598 | CRITO: Who was the person, Socrates, with whom you were talking yesterday at the Lyceum? |
1598 | CRITO: Why not, Socrates? |
1598 | Can there be any doubt that good birth, and power, and honours in one''s own land, are goods? |
1598 | Certainly; did you think we should say No to that? |
1598 | Ctesippus, here taking up the argument, said: And is not your father in the same case, for he is other than my father? |
1598 | Did we not agree that philosophy should be studied? |
1598 | Do those, said he, who learn, learn what they know, or what they do not know? |
1598 | Do you agree with me? |
1598 | Do you agree? |
1598 | Do you know something, Socrates, or nothing? |
1598 | Do you not know letters? |
1598 | Do you not remember? |
1598 | Do you suppose the same person to be a father and not a father? |
1598 | Do you, Dionysodorus, maintain that there is not? |
1598 | Does it not supply us with the fruits of the earth? |
1598 | Does not your omniscient brother appear to you to have made a mistake? |
1598 | Euthydemus answered: And that which is not is not? |
1598 | Euthydemus proceeded: There are some whom you would call teachers, are there not? |
1598 | Euthydemus replied: And do you think, Ctesippus, that it is possible to tell a lie? |
1598 | For example, if we had a great deal of food and did not eat, or a great deal of drink and did not drink, should we be profited? |
1598 | For example, would a carpenter be any the better for having all his tools and plenty of wood, if he never worked? |
1598 | For tell me now, is not learning acquiring knowledge of that which one learns? |
1598 | For then neither of us says a word about the thing at all? |
1598 | Here Ctesippus was silent; and I in my astonishment said: What do you mean, Dionysodorus? |
1598 | How can he who speaks contradict him who speaks not? |
1598 | I can not say that I like the connection; but is he only my father, Euthydemus, or is he the father of all other men? |
1598 | I did, I said; what is going to happen to me? |
1598 | I said, and where did you learn that? |
1598 | I should have far more reason to beat yours, said Ctesippus; what could he have been thinking of when he begat such wise sons? |
1598 | I turned to the other, and said, What do you think, Euthydemus? |
1598 | Is not that your position? |
1598 | Is not the honourable honourable and the base base? |
1598 | Is not this the result-- that other things are indifferent, and that wisdom is the only good, and ignorance the only evil? |
1598 | Is that your difficulty? |
1598 | Is there no such thing as error, ignorance, falsehood? |
1598 | Let me ask you one little question more, said Dionysodorus, quickly interposing, in order that Ctesippus might not get in his word: You beat this dog? |
1598 | Look at the matter thus: If he did fewer things would he not make fewer mistakes? |
1598 | May we not answer with absolute truth-- A knowledge which will do us good? |
1598 | Nay, said Ctesippus, but the question which I ask is whether all things are silent or speak? |
1598 | Nay, take nothing away; I desire no favours of you; but let me ask: Would you be able to know all things, if you did not know all things? |
1598 | Neither did I tell you just now to refute me, said Dionysodorus; for how can I tell you to do that which is not? |
1598 | Now Euthydemus, if I remember rightly, began nearly as follows: O Cleinias, are those who learn the wise or the ignorant? |
1598 | Now in the working and use of wood, is not that which gives the right use simply the knowledge of the carpenter? |
1598 | Of their existence or of their non- existence? |
1598 | Of what country are they, and what is their line of wisdom? |
1598 | Or a speaking of the silent? |
1598 | Or when neither of us is speaking of the same thing? |
1598 | Or would an artisan, who had all the implements necessary for his work, and did not use them, be any the better for the possession of them? |
1598 | Perhaps you may not be ready with an answer? |
1598 | Poseidon, I said, this is the crown of wisdom; can I ever hope to have such wisdom of my own? |
1598 | Quite true, I said; and that I have always known; but the question is, where did I learn that the good are unjust? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And does the kingly art make men wise and good? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And in what will they be good and useful? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And surely it ought to do us some good? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And what does the kingly art do when invested with supreme power? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And what of your own art of husbandry, supposing that to have supreme authority over the subject arts-- what does that do? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And what would you say that the kingly art does? |
1598 | SOCRATES: And will you on this account shun all these pursuits yourself and refuse to allow them to your son? |
1598 | SOCRATES: Are you incredulous, Crito? |
1598 | SOCRATES: But then what is this knowledge, and what are we to do with it? |
1598 | SOCRATES: O Crito, they are marvellous men; but what was I going to say? |
1598 | SOCRATES: There were two, Crito; which of them do you mean? |
1598 | SOCRATES: Well, and do you not see that in each of these arts the many are ridiculous performers? |
1598 | SOCRATES: What, all men, and in every respect? |
1598 | Shall we not be happy if we have many good things? |
1598 | Shall we say, Crito, that it is the knowledge by which we are to make other men good? |
1598 | Tell me, he said, Socrates and the rest of you who say that you want this young man to become wise, are you in jest or in real earnest? |
1598 | Tell me, then, you two, do you not know some things, and not know others? |
1598 | That makes no difference;--and must you not, if you are knowing, know all things? |
1598 | That will do, he said: And would you admit that anything is what it is, and at the same time is not what it is? |
1598 | Then Dionysodorus takes up the ball:''Who are they who learn dictation of the grammar- master; the wise or the foolish boys?'' |
1598 | Then are they not animals? |
1598 | Then do you see our garments? |
1598 | Then he is the same? |
1598 | Then if you know all letters, he dictates that which you know? |
1598 | Then in every possession and every use of a thing, knowledge is that which gives a man not only good- fortune but success? |
1598 | Then tell me, he said, do you know anything? |
1598 | Then the good speak evil of evil things, if they speak of them as they are? |
1598 | Then there is no such thing as false opinion? |
1598 | Then there is no such thing as ignorance, or men who are ignorant; for is not ignorance, if there be such a thing, a mistake of fact? |
1598 | Then those who learn are of the class of those who acquire, and not of those who have? |
1598 | Then we must surely be speaking the same thing? |
1598 | Then what are they professing to teach?'' |
1598 | Then what is the inference? |
1598 | Then why did you ask me what sense my words had? |
1598 | Then, I said, a man who would be happy must not only have the good things, but he must also use them; there is no advantage in merely having them? |
1598 | Then, I said, you know all things, if you know anything? |
1598 | Then, after a pause, in which he seemed to be lost in the contemplation of something great, he said: Tell me, Socrates, have you an ancestral Zeus? |
1598 | Then, my dear boy, I said, the knowledge which we want is one that uses as well as makes? |
1598 | Then, my good friend, do they all speak? |
1598 | Then, said he, you learn what you know, if you know all the letters? |
1598 | Then, said the other, you do not learn that which he dictates; but he only who does not know letters learns? |
1598 | Upon what principle? |
1598 | Very true, said Ctesippus; and do you think, Euthydemus, that he ought to have one shield only, and one spear? |
1598 | Very well, I said; and where in the company shall we find a place for wisdom-- among the goods or not? |
1598 | Well, Cleinias, but if you have the use as well as the possession of good things, is that sufficient to confer happiness? |
1598 | Well, I said; but then what am I to do? |
1598 | Well, but do rhetoricians, when they speak in the assembly, do nothing? |
1598 | Well, but, Euthydemus, I said, has that never happened to you? |
1598 | Well, have not all things words expressive of them? |
1598 | Well, said he, and so you say that you wish Cleinias to become wise? |
1598 | Were they other than the beautiful, or the same as the beautiful? |
1598 | What am I to do with them? |
1598 | What can make you tell such a lie about me and the others, which I hardly like to repeat, as that I wish Cleinias to perish? |
1598 | What can they see? |
1598 | What do I know? |
1598 | What do you mean, Dionysodorus? |
1598 | What do you mean, I said; do you know nothing? |
1598 | What do you mean? |
1598 | What followed, Crito, how can I rightly narrate? |
1598 | What is that? |
1598 | What is that? |
1598 | What knowledge is there which has such a nature? |
1598 | What marvellous dexterity of wit, I said, enabled you to acquire this great perfection in such a short time? |
1598 | What of that? |
1598 | What proof shall I give you? |
1598 | What then do you say? |
1598 | What then is the result of what has been said? |
1598 | What, I said, are you blessed with such a power as this? |
1598 | What, before you, Dionysodorus? |
1598 | What, he said, do you think that you know what is your own? |
1598 | What, of men only, said Ctesippus, or of horses and of all other animals? |
1598 | What, replied Dionysodorus in a moment; am I the brother of Euthydemus? |
1598 | What, said Ctesippus; then all things are not silent? |
1598 | What, said he, is the business of a good workman? |
1598 | When you and I describe the same thing, or you describe one thing and I describe another, how can there be a contradiction?'' |
1598 | When you are silent, said Euthydemus, is there not a silence of all things? |
1598 | When you were children, and at your birth? |
1598 | Whither then shall we go, I said, and to what art shall we have recourse? |
1598 | Why do you laugh, Cleinias, I said, at such solemn and beautiful things? |
1598 | Why do you say so? |
1598 | Why not? |
1598 | Why, Ctesippus, said Dionysodorus, do you mean to say that any one speaks of things as they are? |
1598 | Why, Socrates, said Dionysodorus, did you ever see a beautiful thing? |
1598 | Will you let me see you explaining to the young man how he is to apply himself to the study of virtue and wisdom? |
1598 | Will you not cease adding to your answers? |
1598 | Will you not take our word that we know all things? |
1598 | Will you tell me how many teeth Euthydemus has? |
1598 | With what I know; and I suppose that you mean with my soul? |
1598 | Would a man be better off, having and doing many things without wisdom, or a few things with wisdom? |
1598 | Yes, he said, and you would mean by animals living beings? |
1598 | Yes; and your mother has a progeny of sea- urchins then? |
1598 | You admit that? |
1598 | You agree then, that those animals only are yours with which you have the power to do all these things which I was just naming? |
1598 | You remember, I said, our making the admission that we should be happy and fortunate if many good things were present with us? |
1598 | You then, learning what you did not know, were unlearned when you were learning? |
1598 | You think, I said, that to act with a wise man is more fortunate than to act with an ignorant one? |
1598 | You wish him to be what he is not, and no longer to be what he is? |
1598 | You wish him, he said, to become wise and not, to be ignorant? |
1598 | and if he had fewer misfortunes would he not be less miserable? |
1598 | and teach them all the arts,--carpentering, and cobbling, and the rest of them? |
1598 | and was not that our conclusion? |
1598 | and will you explain how I possess that knowledge for which we were seeking? |
1598 | for you admit that all things which have life are animals; and have not these gods life? |
1598 | has he got to such a height of skill as that? |
1598 | if he made fewer mistakes would he not have fewer misfortunes? |
1598 | or are you the same as a stone? |
1598 | tell me, in the first place, whose business is hammering? |
1658 | ''Why, is he not a philosopher?'' |
1658 | ):''Why Socrates, who was not a poet, while in prison had been putting Aesop into verse?'' |
1658 | ); or the mysterious reference to another science( mathematics?) |
1658 | Again, believing in the immortality of the soul, we must still ask the question of Socrates,''What is that which we suppose to be immortal?'' |
1658 | Again, upon the supposition that the soul is a harmony, why is one soul better than another? |
1658 | Again, would you not be cautious of affirming that the addition of one to one, or the division of one, is the cause of two? |
1658 | And Socrates observing them asked what they thought of the argument, and whether there was anything wanting? |
1658 | And an absolute beauty and absolute good? |
1658 | And are not the temperate exactly in the same case? |
1658 | And are not we at this day seeking to discover that which Socrates in a glass darkly foresaw? |
1658 | And can all this be true, think you? |
1658 | And did he answer forcibly or feebly? |
1658 | And did we not see and hear and have the use of our other senses as soon as we were born? |
1658 | And do not courageous men face death because they are afraid of yet greater evils? |
1658 | And do we know the nature of this absolute essence? |
1658 | And do you not imagine, he said, that if there were a competition in evil, the worst would be found to be very few? |
1658 | And does not the nature of every harmony depend upon the manner in which the elements are harmonized? |
1658 | And does the soul admit of death? |
1658 | And does the worship of God consist only of praise, or of many forms of service? |
1658 | And has not this been our own case in the matter of equals and of absolute equality? |
1658 | And having neither more nor less of harmony or of discord, one soul has no more vice or virtue than another, if vice be discord and virtue harmony? |
1658 | And how can such a notion of the soul as this agree with the other? |
1658 | And in all these cases, the recollection may be derived from things either like or unlike? |
1658 | And in this the philosopher dishonours the body; his soul runs away from his body and desires to be alone and by herself? |
1658 | And is death the assertion of this individuality in the higher nature, and the falling away into nothingness of the lower? |
1658 | And is not all true virtue the companion of wisdom, no matter what fears or pleasures or other similar goods or evils may or may not attend her? |
1658 | And is not courage, Simmias, a quality which is specially characteristic of the philosopher? |
1658 | And is not the feeling discreditable? |
1658 | And is not this the state in which the soul is most enthralled by the body? |
1658 | And is the soul in agreement with the affections of the body? |
1658 | And is the soul seen or not seen? |
1658 | And is the soul seen or not seen? |
1658 | And is there any opposite to life? |
1658 | And is this always the case? |
1658 | And is this true of all opposites? |
1658 | And may we say that this has been proven? |
1658 | And now the application has to be made: If the soul is immortal,''what manner of persons ought we to be?'' |
1658 | And now, he said, what did we just now call that principle which repels the even? |
1658 | And on this oddness, of which the number three has the impress, the opposite idea will never intrude? |
1658 | And one of the two processes or generations is visible-- for surely the act of dying is visible? |
1658 | And return to life, if there be such a thing, is the birth of the dead into the world of the living? |
1658 | And shall we suppose nature to walk on one leg only? |
1658 | And so you think that I ought to answer your indictment as if I were in a court? |
1658 | And that by greatness only great things become great and greater greater, and by smallness the less become less? |
1658 | And that principle which repels the musical, or the just? |
1658 | And that which is not more or less a harmony is not more or less harmonized? |
1658 | And that which is not more or less harmonized can not have more or less of harmony, but only an equal harmony? |
1658 | And the body is more like the changing? |
1658 | And there is no difficulty, he said, in assigning to all of them places answering to their several natures and propensities? |
1658 | And therefore a soul which is absolutely a soul has no vice? |
1658 | And therefore has neither more nor less of discord, nor yet of harmony? |
1658 | And therefore, previously? |
1658 | And these, if they are opposites, are generated the one from the other, and have there their two intermediate processes also? |
1658 | And they are generated one from the other? |
1658 | And this impress was given by the odd principle? |
1658 | And this separation and release of the soul from the body is termed death? |
1658 | And this state of the soul is called wisdom? |
1658 | And to the odd is opposed the even? |
1658 | And to which class is the body more alike and akin? |
1658 | And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one? |
1658 | And what about the pleasures of love-- should he care for them? |
1658 | And what do we call the principle which does not admit of death? |
1658 | And what from the dead? |
1658 | And what is it? |
1658 | And what is now your notion of such matters? |
1658 | And what is that process? |
1658 | And what is that? |
1658 | And what is the nature of this knowledge or recollection? |
1658 | And what we mean by''seen''and''not seen''is that which is or is not visible to the eye of man? |
1658 | And whence did we obtain our knowledge? |
1658 | And where shall we find a good charmer of our fears, Socrates, when you are gone? |
1658 | And which alternative, Simmias, do you prefer? |
1658 | And which does the soul resemble? |
1658 | And which of his friends were with him? |
1658 | And yet from these equals, although differing from the idea of equality, you conceived and attained that idea? |
1658 | And yet what is the feeling of lovers when they recognize a lyre, or a garment, or anything else which the beloved has been in the habit of using? |
1658 | And yet, he said, the number two is certainly not opposed to the number three? |
1658 | And, further, is not one part of us body, another part soul? |
1658 | Are not all things which have opposites generated out of their opposites? |
1658 | Are not these, Simmias and Cebes, the points which we have to consider? |
1658 | Are they equals in the same sense in which absolute equality is equal? |
1658 | Are they more or less harmonized, or is there one harmony within another? |
1658 | Are they not, Cebes, such as compel the things of which they have possession, not only to take their own form, but also the form of some opposite? |
1658 | Are they not, as the poets are always telling us, inaccurate witnesses? |
1658 | Are we not at the same time describing them both in superlatives, only that we may satisfy the demands of rhetoric? |
1658 | At any rate you can decide whether he who has knowledge will or will not be able to render an account of his knowledge? |
1658 | At the same time, turning to Cebes, he said: Are you at all disconcerted, Cebes, at our friend''s objection? |
1658 | But are real equals ever unequal? |
1658 | But are they the same as fire and snow? |
1658 | But did you ever behold any of them with your eyes? |
1658 | But do you mean to take away your thoughts with you, Socrates? |
1658 | But do you think that every man is able to give an account of these very matters about which we are speaking? |
1658 | But does the soul admit of degrees? |
1658 | But enough of them:--let us discuss the matter among ourselves: Do we believe that there is such a thing as death? |
1658 | But if it be true, then is not the body liable to speedy dissolution? |
1658 | But is this the only thing which is called odd? |
1658 | But what followed? |
1658 | But what would you say of equal portions of wood and stone, or other material equals? |
1658 | But when did our souls acquire this knowledge?--not since we were born as men? |
1658 | But why, asks Cebes, if he is a possession of the gods, should he wish to die and leave them? |
1658 | By all means, replied Socrates; what else should I please? |
1658 | Can this, my dear Cebes, be denied? |
1658 | Cebes asks why suicide is thought not to be right, if death is to be accounted a good? |
1658 | Could he have written this under the idea that the soul is a harmony of the body? |
1658 | Did he appear to share the unpleasant feeling which you mention? |
1658 | Did you never observe this? |
1658 | Do not they, from knowing the lyre, form in the mind''s eye an image of the youth to whom the lyre belongs? |
1658 | Do we lose them at the moment of receiving them, or if not at what other time? |
1658 | Do you agree in this notion of the cause? |
1658 | Do you agree? |
1658 | Do you agree? |
1658 | Do you know of any? |
1658 | Do you not agree with me? |
1658 | Do you not agree? |
1658 | Does not the divine appear to you to be that which naturally orders and rules, and the mortal to be that which is subject and servant? |
1658 | Does their life cease at death, or is there some''better thing reserved''also for them? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: And was Aristippus there, and Cleombrotus? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: Any one else? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: Well, and what did you talk about? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: Were you yourself, Phaedo, in the prison with Socrates on the day when he drank the poison? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: What followed? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: What is this ship? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: What was the manner of his death, Phaedo? |
1658 | ECHECRATES: Who were present? |
1658 | Enough of them: the real question is, What is the nature of that death which he desires? |
1658 | For are we not imagining Heaven under the similitude of a church, and Hell as a prison, or perhaps a madhouse or chamber of horrors? |
1658 | For example, when the body is hot and thirsty, does not the soul incline us against drinking? |
1658 | For example; Will not the number three endure annihilation or anything sooner than be converted into an even number, while remaining three? |
1658 | For how can one be divided into two? |
1658 | For if the living spring from any other things, and they too die, must not all things at last be swallowed up in death? |
1658 | For what can be the meaning of a truly wise man wanting to fly away and lightly leave a master who is better than himself? |
1658 | For what could be more convincing than the argument of Socrates, which has now fallen into discredit? |
1658 | For what idea can we form of the soul when separated from the body? |
1658 | From the senses then is derived the knowledge that all sensible things aim at an absolute equality of which they fall short? |
1658 | Had we the knowledge at our birth, or did we recollect the things which we knew previously to our birth? |
1658 | Has the reality of them ever been perceived by you through the bodily organs? |
1658 | Have we not seen dogs more faithful and intelligent than men, and men who are more stupid and brutal than any animals? |
1658 | He proceeded: And did you deny the force of the whole preceding argument, or of a part only? |
1658 | He proceeds: When we fear that the soul will vanish away, let us ask ourselves what is that which we suppose to be liable to dissolution? |
1658 | Heat is a thing different from fire, and cold is not the same with snow? |
1658 | How can she have, if the previous argument holds? |
1658 | How shall they bury him? |
1658 | How so? |
1658 | How so? |
1658 | I mean to say, have sight and hearing any truth in them? |
1658 | I mean what I may illustrate by the following instance:--The knowledge of a lyre is not the same as the knowledge of a man? |
1658 | I will try to make this clearer by an example:--The odd number is always called by the name of odd? |
1658 | Instead of caring about them, does he not rather despise anything more than nature needs? |
1658 | Is it not the separation of soul and body? |
1658 | Is it the personal and individual element in us, or the spiritual and universal? |
1658 | Is it the principle of knowledge or of goodness, or the union of the two? |
1658 | Is it the simple or the compound, the unchanging or the changing, the invisible idea or the visible object of sense? |
1658 | Is not death opposed to life? |
1658 | Is not forgetting, Simmias, just the losing of knowledge? |
1658 | Is not the separation and release of the soul from the body their especial study? |
1658 | Is not this true, Cebes? |
1658 | Is the Pythagorean image of the harmony, or that of the monad, the truer expression? |
1658 | Is the blood the element with which we think, or the air, or the fire? |
1658 | Is the soul related to the body as sight to the eye, or as the boatman to his boat? |
1658 | Is the suffering physical or mental? |
1658 | May I, or not? |
1658 | May not the science of physiology transform the world? |
1658 | May they not rather be described as almost always changing and hardly ever the same, either with themselves or with one another? |
1658 | May we be allowed to imagine the minds of men everywhere working together during many ages for the completion of our knowledge? |
1658 | Must we not rather assign to death some corresponding process of generation? |
1658 | Must we not, said Socrates, ask ourselves what that is which, as we imagine, is liable to be scattered, and about which we fear? |
1658 | Nay rather, are we not contradicting Homer and ourselves in affirming anything of the sort? |
1658 | Now if it be true that the living come from the dead, then our souls must exist in the other world, for if not, how could they have been born again? |
1658 | Now which of these two functions is akin to the divine? |
1658 | Of all this we may certainly affirm that we acquired the knowledge before birth? |
1658 | Of what nature? |
1658 | Once more, he said, what ruler is there of the elements of human nature other than the soul, and especially the wise soul? |
1658 | Or are we vainly attempting to pass the boundaries of human thought? |
1658 | Or did the authorities forbid them to be present-- so that he had no friends near him when he died? |
1658 | Or do or suffer anything other than they do or suffer? |
1658 | Or how can the soul be united with the body and still be independent? |
1658 | Or look at the matter in another way:--Do not the same pieces of wood or stone appear at one time equal, and at another time unequal? |
1658 | Or two be compounded into one? |
1658 | Or you may also be led to the recollection of Simmias himself? |
1658 | PHAEDO: Did you not hear of the proceedings at the trial? |
1658 | Philosophers have spoken of them as forms of the human mind, but what is the mind without them? |
1658 | Please to tell me then, Cebes, he said, what was the difficulty which troubled you? |
1658 | Seeing then that the immortal is indestructible, must not the soul, if she is immortal, be also imperishable? |
1658 | Shall he make a libation of the poison? |
1658 | Shall we exclude the opposite process? |
1658 | Shall we say so? |
1658 | Shall we say with Aristotle, that the soul is the entelechy or form of an organized living body? |
1658 | Socrates alone retained his calmness: What is this strange outcry? |
1658 | Socrates replied with a smile: O Simmias, what are you saying? |
1658 | Socrates replied: And have you, Cebes and Simmias, who are the disciples of Philolaus, never heard him speak of this? |
1658 | Supposing that the odd were imperishable, must not three be imperishable? |
1658 | Tell me, I implore you, how did Socrates proceed? |
1658 | Tell me, then, what is that of which the inherence will render the body alive? |
1658 | That is to say, before we were born, I suppose? |
1658 | The debt shall be paid, said Crito; is there anything else? |
1658 | The question,''Whence come our abstract ideas?'' |
1658 | The seen is the changing, and the unseen is the unchanging? |
1658 | The worst of men are objects of pity rather than of anger to the philanthropist; must they not be equally such to divine benevolence? |
1658 | Then must not true existence be revealed to her in thought, if at all? |
1658 | Then one soul not being more or less absolutely a soul than another, is not more or less harmonized? |
1658 | Then tell me, Socrates, why is suicide held to be unlawful? |
1658 | Then the idea of the even number will never arrive at three? |
1658 | Then the inference is that our souls exist in the world below? |
1658 | Then the living, whether things or persons, Cebes, are generated from the dead? |
1658 | Then the soul is immortal? |
1658 | Then the soul is more like to the unseen, and the body to the seen? |
1658 | Then the triad or number three is uneven? |
1658 | Then these( so- called) equals are not the same with the idea of equality? |
1658 | Then three has no part in the even? |
1658 | Then we are agreed after all, said Socrates, that the opposite will never in any case be opposed to itself? |
1658 | Then we must have acquired the knowledge of equality at some previous time? |
1658 | Then whatever the soul possesses, to that she comes bearing life? |
1658 | Then you are not of opinion, Simmias, that all men know these things? |
1658 | Then, if all souls are equally by their nature souls, all souls of all living creatures will be equally good? |
1658 | They are in process of recollecting that which they learned before? |
1658 | True, Cebes, said Socrates; and shall I suggest that we converse a little of the probabilities of these things? |
1658 | Unseen then? |
1658 | Was not that a reasonable notion? |
1658 | We will do our best, said Crito: And in what way shall we bury you? |
1658 | Well, and is there not an opposite of life, as sleep is the opposite of waking? |
1658 | Well, but is Cebes equally satisfied? |
1658 | Well, but there is another thing, Simmias: Is there or is there not an absolute justice? |
1658 | Well; and may you not also from seeing the picture of a horse or a lyre remember a man? |
1658 | What again shall we say of the actual acquirement of knowledge?--is the body, if invited to share in the enquiry, a hinderer or a helper? |
1658 | What answer can be made to the old commonplace,''Is not God the author of evil, if he knowingly permitted, but could have prevented it?'' |
1658 | What can I do better in the interval between this and the setting of the sun? |
1658 | What did he say in his last hours? |
1658 | What do you mean, Socrates? |
1658 | What do you mean, Socrates? |
1658 | What do you mean? |
1658 | What do you mean? |
1658 | What do you mean? |
1658 | What do you mean? |
1658 | What do you say? |
1658 | What do you say? |
1658 | What do you think? |
1658 | What is generated from the living? |
1658 | What is it, Socrates? |
1658 | What is that pain which does not become deadened after a thousand years? |
1658 | What is to become of the animals in a future state? |
1658 | What natures do you mean, Socrates? |
1658 | What shall I do with them? |
1658 | What then is to be the result? |
1658 | What was said or done? |
1658 | What was the reason of this? |
1658 | Whence come wars, and fightings, and factions? |
1658 | Where are the actions worthy of rewards greater than those which are conferred on the greatest benefactors of mankind? |
1658 | Wherefore, Simmias, seeing all these things, what ought not we to do that we may obtain virtue and wisdom in this life? |
1658 | Which might be like, or might be unlike them? |
1658 | Which of them will you retain? |
1658 | Why are they the happiest? |
1658 | Why do you say, enquired Cebes, that a man ought not to take his own life, but that the philosopher will be ready to follow the dying? |
1658 | Why should the wicked suffer any more than ourselves? |
1658 | Why then should he repine when the hour of separation arrives? |
1658 | Why, if he is dead while he lives, should he fear that other death, through which alone he can behold wisdom in her purity? |
1658 | Why, said Socrates,--is not Evenus a philosopher? |
1658 | Will he not depart with joy? |
1658 | Will you not allow that I have as much of the spirit of prophecy in me as the swans? |
1658 | Would you not say that he is entirely concerned with the soul and not with the body? |
1658 | Yes, my friend, but if so, when do we lose them? |
1658 | You must have observed this trait of character? |
1658 | You would agree; would you not? |
1658 | You would be afraid to draw such an inference, would you not? |
1658 | and are we convinced that all of them are generated out of opposites? |
1658 | and from the picture of Simmias, you may be led to remember Cebes? |
1658 | and is not the soul almost or altogether indissoluble? |
1658 | and what again is that about which we have no fear? |
1658 | and what is the impression produced by them? |
1658 | and when the body is hungry, against eating? |
1658 | and which to the mortal? |
1658 | and yet, if even they are inaccurate and indistinct, what is to be said of the other senses?--for you will allow that they are the best of them? |
1658 | had we been placed in their circumstances should we have been any better than they? |
1658 | he said; for these are the consequences which seem to follow from the assumption that the soul is a harmony? |
1658 | or did he calmly meet the attack? |
1658 | or do they fall short of this perfect equality in a measure? |
1658 | or is one soul in the very least degree more or less, or more or less completely, a soul than another? |
1658 | or is she at variance with them? |
1658 | or is the idea of equality the same as of inequality? |
1658 | or what is the nature of that pleasure or happiness which never wearies by monotony? |
1658 | or with Plato, that she has a life of her own? |
1658 | whence but from the body and the lusts of the body? |
1616 | ''And what are ion, reon, doun?'' |
1616 | ''But then, why, Socrates, is language so consistent? |
1616 | ''But, Socrates, as I was telling you, Cratylus mystifies me; I should like to ask him, in your presence, what he means by the fitness of names?'' |
1616 | ''How do you explain pur n udor?'' |
1616 | ''Which of us by taking thought''can make new words or constructions? |
1616 | ''Will you go on to the elements-- sun, moon, stars, earth, aether, air, fire, water, seasons, years?'' |
1616 | ( Compare Plato, Laws):--''ATHENIAN STRANGER: And what then is to be regarded as the origin of government? |
1616 | ATHENIAN STRANGER: And have there not been thousands and thousands of cities which have come into being and perished during this period? |
1616 | ATHENIAN STRANGER: But you are quite sure that it must be vast and incalculable? |
1616 | ATHENIAN STRANGER: Why, do you think that you can reckon the time which has elapsed since cities first existed and men were citizens of them? |
1616 | And I think that I ought to stop and ask myself What am I saying? |
1616 | And Socrates? |
1616 | And even if this had been otherwise, who would learn of words when he might learn of things? |
1616 | And has not every place had endless forms of government, and been sometimes rising, and at other times falling, and again improving or waning?'' |
1616 | And is there not an essence of colour and sound as well as of anything else which may be said to have an essence? |
1616 | And let me ask another question,--If we had no faculty of speech, how should we communicate with one another? |
1616 | And not the rest? |
1616 | And now let me see; where are we? |
1616 | And what do you consider to be the meaning of this word? |
1616 | And what is the final result of the enquiry? |
1616 | And which are more likely to be right-- the wiser or the less wise, the men or the women? |
1616 | Are not actions also a class of being? |
1616 | Are there any names which witness of themselves that they are not given arbitrarily, but have a natural fitness? |
1616 | Are we to count them like votes? |
1616 | Are we to count them, Cratylus; and is correctness of names to be determined by the voice of a majority? |
1616 | Are we to say of whichever sort there are most, those are the true ones? |
1616 | But I should like to know whether you are one of those philosophers who think that falsehood may be spoken but not said? |
1616 | But I wish that you would tell me, Socrates, what sort of an imitation is a name? |
1616 | But an image in fact always falls short in some degree of the original, and if images are not exact counterparts, why should names be? |
1616 | But are not such distinctions an anachronism? |
1616 | But are words really consistent; are there not as many terms of praise which signify rest as which signify motion? |
1616 | But do you not see that there is a degree of deception about names? |
1616 | But have we any more explanations of the names of the Gods, like that which you were giving of Zeus? |
1616 | But how does the carpenter make or repair the shuttle, and to what will he look? |
1616 | But how shall we further analyse them, and where does the imitator begin? |
1616 | But let me ask you what is the use and force of names? |
1616 | But let me ask you, what is the force of names, and what is the use of them? |
1616 | But then, how do the primary names indicate anything? |
1616 | But then, why do the Eritreans call that skleroter which we call sklerotes? |
1616 | But to what are you referring? |
1616 | But what do you say of the month and the stars? |
1616 | But what is kakon? |
1616 | But who is to be the judge of the proper form? |
1616 | But who makes a name? |
1616 | But why do you not give me another word? |
1616 | But why should we not discuss another kind of Gods-- the sun, moon, stars, earth, aether, air, fire, water, the seasons, and the year? |
1616 | CLEINIAS: How so? |
1616 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1616 | CRATYLUS: But, Socrates, am I not right in thinking that he must surely have known; or else, as I was saying, his names would not be names at all? |
1616 | CRATYLUS: How so? |
1616 | CRATYLUS: How so? |
1616 | CRATYLUS: What do you mean? |
1616 | CRATYLUS: Why, Socrates, how can a man say that which is not?--say something and yet say nothing? |
1616 | Can the thing beauty be vanishing away from us while the words are yet in our mouths? |
1616 | Consider this in the light of the previous instances: to what does the carpenter look in making the shuttle? |
1616 | Did you ever observe in speaking that all the words which you utter have a common character and purpose? |
1616 | Do you agree with him, or would you say that things have a permanent essence of their own? |
1616 | Do you agree with me that the letter rho is expressive of rapidity, motion, and hardness? |
1616 | Do you agree with me? |
1616 | Do you mean that the discovery of names is the same as the discovery of things? |
1616 | Do you not conceive that to be the meaning of them? |
1616 | Do you not perceive that images are very far from having qualities which are the exact counterpart of the realities which they represent? |
1616 | Do you not suppose this to be true? |
1616 | Do you think that likely? |
1616 | Does he not in these passages make a remarkable statement about the correctness of names? |
1616 | Does he not look to that which is naturally fitted to act as a shuttle? |
1616 | Does he not say that Hector''s son had two names--''Hector called him Scamandrius, but the others Astyanax''? |
1616 | Does not Cratylus agree with him that names teach us the nature of things? |
1616 | Does not the law give names, and does not the teacher receive them from the legislator? |
1616 | For example, what business has the letter rho in the word katoptron, or the letter sigma in the word sphigx? |
1616 | For is not falsehood saying the thing which is not? |
1616 | For is there not a true beauty and a true good, which is always beautiful and always good? |
1616 | For the Gods must clearly be supposed to call things by their right and natural names; do you not think so? |
1616 | For were we not saying just now that he made some names expressive of rest and others of motion? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: And what are the traditions? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: And what do you say of their opposites? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: And what is the true derivation? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: And where does Homer say anything about names, and what does he say? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: But what do you say of Hephaestus? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: But what do you say of kalon? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: But what is selene( the moon)? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: But what is the meaning of kakon, which has played so great a part in your previous discourse? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: But what shall we say of the next word? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How do you make that out? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How is that, Socrates? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How plausible? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How shall I reflect? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How so? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How so? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How so? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: How so? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: May I ask you to examine another word about which I am curious? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Must not demons and heroes and men come next? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: No, indeed; not I. SOCRATES: But tell me, friend, did not Homer himself also give Hector his name? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Of what nature? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Suppose that we make Socrates a party to the argument? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Then I rather think that I am of one mind with you; but what is the meaning of the word''hero''? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Very good; and what do we say of Demeter, and Here, and Apollo, and Athene, and Hephaestus, and Ares, and the other deities? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Very true; but what is the derivation of zemiodes? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Well, and what of them? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Well, but what is lusiteloun( profitable)? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What device? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you mean? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you say of edone( pleasure), lupe( pain), epithumia( desire), and the like, Socrates? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you say of pur( fire) and udor( water)? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What do you think of doxa( opinion), and that class of words? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What is Ares? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What is it? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What is the inference? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What is the inference? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What is the meaning of Dionysus and Aphrodite? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What of that? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What other appellation? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What then? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What was the name? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: What way? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Which are they? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Why do you say so? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Why not? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Why, Socrates? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Why, how is that? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Yes; but what do you say of the other name? |
1616 | HERMOGENES: Yes; what other answer is possible? |
1616 | Have we not been saying that the correct name indicates the nature of the thing:--has this proposition been sufficiently proven? |
1616 | Have you remarked this fact? |
1616 | How could there be names for all the numbers unless you allow that convention is used? |
1616 | How did the roots or substantial portions of words become modified or inflected? |
1616 | How they originated, who can tell? |
1616 | How, he would probably have argued, could men devoid of art have contrived a structure of such complexity? |
1616 | I utter a sound which I understand, and you know that I understand the meaning of the sound: this is what you are saying? |
1616 | Is Plato an upholder of the conventional theory of language, which he acknowledges to be imperfect? |
1616 | Is it the best sort of information? |
1616 | Is language conscious or unconscious? |
1616 | Is not all that quite possible? |
1616 | Is the giving of the names of streams to both of them purely accidental? |
1616 | Let me explain what I mean: of painters, some are better and some worse? |
1616 | Let me put the matter as follows: All objects have sound and figure, and many have colour? |
1616 | Let us consider:--does he not himself suggest a very good reason, when he says,''For he alone defended their city and long walls''? |
1616 | May I not say to him--''This is your name''? |
1616 | May we suppose that Plato, like Lucian, has been amusing his fancy by writing a comedy in the form of a prose dialogue? |
1616 | Now that we have a general notion, how shall we proceed? |
1616 | Now, if the men called him Astyanax, is it not probable that the other name was conferred by the women? |
1616 | Or about Batieia and Myrina? |
1616 | Or if this latter explanation is refuted by his silence, then in what relation does his account of language stand to the rest of his philosophy? |
1616 | Or may we be so bold as to deny the connexion between them? |
1616 | Regarding the name as an instrument, what do we do when we name? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Again, is there not an essence of each thing, just as there is a colour, or sound? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And I ask again,''What do we do when we weave?'' |
1616 | SOCRATES: And a true proposition says that which is, and a false proposition says that which is not? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And among legislators, there are some who do their work better and some worse? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And are both modes of assigning them right, or only the first? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And are not the good wise? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And are not the works of intelligence and mind worthy of praise, and are not other works worthy of blame? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And are the men or the women of a city, taken as a class, the wiser? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And at what point ought he to lose heart and give up the enquiry? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And conversely you may attribute the likeness of the man to the woman, and of the woman to the man? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And do you know that the ancients said duogon and not zugon? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And do you not believe with Anaxagoras, that mind or soul is the ordering and containing principle of all things? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And do you not suppose that good men of our own day would by him be said to be of golden race? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And do you not think that many a one would escape from Hades, if he did not bind those who depart to him by the strongest of chains? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And does this art grow up among men like other arts? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And him who knows how to ask and answer you would call a dialectician? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And how does the legislator make names? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And how to answer them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And how to put into wood forms of shuttles adapted by nature to their uses? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And if a man were to call him Hermogenes, would he not be even speaking falsely? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And if by the greatest of chains, then by some desire, as I should certainly infer, and not by necessity? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And if speaking is a sort of action and has a relation to acts, is not naming also a sort of action? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And if when I speak you know my meaning, there is an indication given by me to you? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is any desire stronger than the thought that you will be made better by associating with another? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is every man a carpenter, or the skilled only? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is every man a legislator, or the skilled only? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is every man a smith, or only the skilled? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is not Apollo the purifier, and the washer, and the absolver from all impurities? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is not naming a part of speaking? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is not that the reason, Hermogenes, why no one, who has been to him, is willing to come back to us? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And is not the part of a falsehood also a falsehood? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And may not a similar description be given of an awl, and of instruments in general? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And may not the same be said of a king? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And must not Homer have imagined the Trojans to be wiser than their wives? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And must not this be the mind of Gods, or of men, or of both? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And naming is an art, and has artificers? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And not the rest? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And now suppose that I ask a similar question about names: will you answer me? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And speech is a kind of action? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And suppose the shuttle to be broken in making, will he make another, looking to the broken one? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And that lamda was expressive of smoothness, and softness, and the like? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And that principle we affirm to be mind? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And that which has to be named has to be named with something? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And that which has to be woven or pierced has to be woven or pierced with something? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And the name of anything is that which any one affirms to be the name? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And the principle of beauty does the works of beauty? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And the proper letters are those which are like the things? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And the shuttle is the instrument of the weaver? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And the work of the legislator is to give names, and the dialectician must be his director if the names are to be rightly given? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And there are many desires? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And there are true and false propositions? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And therefore by the greatest desire, if the chain is to be the greatest? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And this artist of names is called the legislator? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And this holds good of all actions? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And this is he who knows how to ask questions? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And we saw that actions were not relative to ourselves, but had a special nature of their own? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And what do you say of the insertion of the lamda? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And what is custom but convention? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And what is the nature of this truth or correctness of names? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And what is the reason of this? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And what of those who follow out of the course of nature, and are prodigies? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And when the piercer uses the awl, whose work will he be using well? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And when the teacher uses the name, whose work will he be using? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And when the weaver uses the shuttle, whose work will he be using well? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And which, then, did he make, my good friend; those which are expressive of rest, or those which are expressive of motion? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And who are they? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And who is he? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And who uses the work of the lyre- maker? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And who will be best able to direct the legislator in his work, and will know whether the work is well done, in this or any other country? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And who will direct the shipwright? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And will a man speak correctly who speaks as he pleases? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And will there be so many names of each thing as everybody says that there are? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And with which we name? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And with which we weave? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And would you further acknowledge that the name is an imitation of the thing? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And would you hold that the very good were the very wise, and the very evil very foolish? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And would you say that the giver of the first names had also a knowledge of the things which he named? |
1616 | SOCRATES: And you would say that pictures are also imitations of things, but in another way? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Are they altogether alike? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Are you maintaining that falsehood is impossible? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Athene? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But again, that which has to be cut has to be cut with something? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But are these the only primary names, or are there others? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But do you not allow that some nouns are primitive, and some derived? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But how about truth, then? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But how could he have learned or discovered things from names if the primitive names were not yet given? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But how would you expect to know them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But if Protagoras is right, and the truth is that things are as they appear to any one, how can some of us be wise and some of us foolish? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But if that is true, Cratylus, then I suppose that things may be known without names? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But is a proposition true as a whole only, and are the parts untrue? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But let us see, Cratylus, whether we can not find a meeting- point, for you would admit that the name is not the same with the thing named? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But the art of naming appears not to be concerned with imitations of this kind; the arts which have to do with them are music and drawing? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But who then is to determine whether the proper form is given to the shuttle, whatever sort of wood may be used? |
1616 | SOCRATES: But would you say, Hermogenes, that the things differ as the names differ? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Can not you at least say who gives us the names which we use? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do we not give information to one another, and distinguish things according to their natures? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do you admit a name to be the representation of a thing? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do you not know that the heroes are demigods? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do you not know what he says about the river in Troy who had a single combat with Hephaestus? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do you not remember that he speaks of a golden race of men who came first? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Do you observe that only the ancient form shows the intention of the giver of the name? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Does not the law seem to you to give us them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Does what I am saying apply only to the things themselves, or equally to the actions which proceed from them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: First look at the matter thus: you may attribute the likeness of the man to the man, and of the woman to the woman; and so on? |
1616 | SOCRATES: How would you answer, if you were asked whether the wise or the unwise are more likely to give correct names? |
1616 | SOCRATES: How would you have me begin? |
1616 | SOCRATES: I will tell you my own opinion; but first, I should like to ask you which chain does any animal feel to be the stronger? |
1616 | SOCRATES: I will tell you; but I should like to know first whether you can tell me what is the meaning of the pur? |
1616 | SOCRATES: In as far as they are like, or in as far as they are unlike? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Is a proposition resolvable into any part smaller than a name? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Is not mind that which called( kalesan) things by their names, and is not mind the beautiful( kalon)? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Let me ask you what is the cause why anything has a name; is not the principle which imposes the name the cause? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Let me ask you, then, which did Homer think the more correct of the names given to Hector''s son-- Astyanax or Scamandrius? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Might not that be justly called the true or ideal shuttle? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Names, then, are given in order to instruct? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Nor uttered nor addressed? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Or that one name is better than another? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Ought we not to begin with the consideration of the Gods, and show that they are rightly named Gods? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Physic does the work of a physician, and carpentering does the works of a carpenter? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Shall we begin, then, with Hestia, according to custom? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Shall we leave them, then? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Speak you of the princely lord of light( Phaeos istora)? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Still you have found them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Suppose that I ask,''What sort of instrument is a shuttle?'' |
1616 | SOCRATES: Tell me, then, did the first legislators, who were the givers of the first names, know or not know the things which they named? |
1616 | SOCRATES: That is to say, the mode of assignment which attributes to each that which belongs to them and is like them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: The same names, then, ought to be assigned to those who follow in the course of nature? |
1616 | SOCRATES: The two words selas( brightness) and phos( light) have much the same meaning? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then a name is a vocal imitation of that which the vocal imitator names or imitates? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then all names are rightly imposed? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then could I have been right in what I was saying? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then he must have thought Astyanax to be a more correct name for the boy than Scamandrius? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then how came the giver of the names, if he was an inspired being or God, to contradict himself? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then how can that be a real thing which is never in the same state? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then in a proposition there is a true and false? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then let us proceed; and where would you have us begin, now that we have got a sort of outline of the enquiry? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then like other artists the legislator may be good or he may be bad; it must surely be so if our former admissions hold good? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then mind is rightly called beauty because she does the works which we recognize and speak of as the beautiful? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then that is the explanation of the name Pallas? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the actions also are done according to their proper nature, and not according to our opinion of them? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the artist of names may be sometimes good, or he may be bad? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the irreligious son of a religious father should be called irreligious? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the name is a part of the true proposition? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the teacher, when he gives us a name, uses the work of the legislator? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then the weaver will use the shuttle well-- and well means like a weaver? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then you do not think that some laws are better and others worse? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Then, if propositions may be true and false, names may be true and false? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Very good: then a name is an instrument? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Well, and about this river-- to know that he ought to be called Xanthus and not Scamander-- is not that a solemn lesson? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Well, and have you ever found any very good ones? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Well, and if any one could express the essence of each thing in letters and syllables, would he not express the nature of each thing? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Well, but do you suppose that you will be able to analyse them in this way? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What is that which holds and carries and gives life and motion to the entire nature of the body? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What is that with which we pierce? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What may we suppose him to have meant who gave the name Hestia? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What more names remain to us? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What of that, Cratylus? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What shall follow the Gods? |
1616 | SOCRATES: What shall we take next? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Whether the giver of the name be an individual or a city? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Why clearly he who first gave names gave them according to his conception of the things which they signified-- did he not? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Why, Hermogenes, I do not as yet see myself; and do you? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Why, what is the difference? |
1616 | SOCRATES: Would you say the large parts and not the smaller ones, or every part? |
1616 | SOCRATES: You are aware that speech signifies all things( pan), and is always turning them round and round, and has two forms, true and false? |
1616 | SOCRATES: You know how Hesiod uses the word? |
1616 | SOCRATES: You know the word maiesthai( to seek)? |
1616 | SOCRATES: You mean to say, how should I answer him? |
1616 | SOCRATES: You want me first of all to examine the natural fitness of the word psuche( soul), and then of the word soma( body)? |
1616 | Shall I take first of all him whom you mentioned first-- the sun? |
1616 | Shall we not be deceived by him? |
1616 | Should we not use signs, like the deaf and dumb? |
1616 | Socrates asks, whether the things differ as the words which represent them differ:--Are we to maintain with Protagoras, that what appears is? |
1616 | Suddenly, on some occasion of interest( at the approach of a wild beast, shall we say? |
1616 | Take, for example, the word katoptron; why is the letter rho inserted? |
1616 | Then how came the giver of names to contradict himself, and to make some names expressive of rest, and others of motion? |
1616 | Very good: and which shall I take first? |
1616 | Was I not telling you just now( but you have forgotten), that I knew nothing, and proposing to share the enquiry with you? |
1616 | Was there a correctness in words, and were they given by nature or convention? |
1616 | We can understand one another, although the letter rho accent is not equivalent to the letter s: why is this? |
1616 | Well, then, there is the letter lambda; what business has this in a word meaning hardness? |
1616 | Were we mistaken? |
1616 | Were we right or wrong in saying so? |
1616 | What did he mean who gave the name Hestia? |
1616 | What do you say to another? |
1616 | What do you say, Cratylus? |
1616 | What do you say? |
1616 | What do you think? |
1616 | What else but the soul? |
1616 | What is the result of recent speculations about the origin and nature of language? |
1616 | What names will afford the most crucial test of natural fitness? |
1616 | What principle of correctness is there in those charming words, wisdom, understanding, justice, and the rest?'' |
1616 | What principle of correctness is there in those charming words-- wisdom, understanding, justice, and the rest of them? |
1616 | What remains after justice? |
1616 | What will this imitator be called? |
1616 | What, then, is a name? |
1616 | Which of these two notions do you prefer? |
1616 | Why are some verbs impersonal? |
1616 | Why are there only so many parts of speech, and on what principle are they divided? |
1616 | Why do substantives often differ in meaning from the verbs to which they are related, adverbs from adjectives? |
1616 | Why do words differing in origin coalesce in the same sound though retaining their differences of meaning? |
1616 | Why does the meaning of words depart so widely from their etymology? |
1616 | Why is the number of words so small in which the sound is an echo of the sense? |
1616 | Will he not look at the ideal which he has in his mind? |
1616 | Will not a man be able to judge best from a point of view in which he may behold the progress of states and their transitions to good and evil? |
1616 | Will not he be the man who knows how to direct what is being done, and who will know also whether the work is being well done or not? |
1616 | Will not the user be the man? |
1616 | Will you help me in the search? |
1616 | Would that be your view? |
1616 | Would you not say so? |
1616 | You know the distinction of soul and body? |
1616 | You were saying, if you remember, that he who gave names must have known the things which he named; are you still of that opinion? |
1616 | and are they relative to individuals, as Protagoras tells us? |
1616 | and how did they receive separate meanings? |
1616 | and is correctness of names the voice of the majority? |
1616 | and the teacher will use the name well-- and well means like a teacher? |
1616 | and to what does he look? |
1616 | and which confines him more to the same spot,--desire or necessity? |
1616 | and will they be true names at the time of uttering them? |
1616 | have you ever been driven to admit that there was no such thing as a bad man? |
1616 | or does he mean to imply that a perfect language can only be based on his own theory of ideas? |
1616 | or is there any other? |
1616 | or will he look to the form according to which he made the other? |
1616 | the carpenter who makes, or the weaver who is to use them? |
1616 | would these words be true or false? |
1616 | you would acknowledge that there is in words a true and a false? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: And do you not think that I would enquire? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: And was there not a time when I did so think? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: And what should he do, Socrates, who would make the discovery? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: At what? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: But do you not think that I could discover them? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: But what can we do? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: But what was I to do, Socrates, when anybody cheated me? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: But, Socrates, if the two sons of Pericles were simpletons, what has that to do with the matter? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: But, perhaps, he does not exist; may I not have acquired the knowledge of just and unjust in some other way? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Did I, then? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Do you mean by''how,''Socrates, whether we suffered these things justly or unjustly? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Do you mean to say that the contest is not with these? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: How can we, Socrates? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: How could we? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: How so? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: How was that? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: I entirely believe you; but what are the sort of pains which are required, Socrates,--can you tell me? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: In what respect? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Of whom are you speaking, Socrates? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Once more, what do you mean? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Perhaps, Socrates, you are not aware that I was just going to ask you the very same question-- What do you want? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: The Muses do you mean, Socrates? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: There again; what do you mean? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What am I to consider? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What are they? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What caution? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What do you mean, Socrates; why do you say so? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What do you mean? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What do you mean? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What do you mean? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What have you in your thoughts, Socrates? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What is it? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What is that? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What ought I to have said? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What qualities? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: What was that? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Who is he, Socrates? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Why are you so sure? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Why is that? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Why, are they not able to teach? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Why, did you not say that I know nothing of the just and unjust? |
1676 | ALCIBIADES: Why, what others are there? |
1676 | And are you, Alcibiades, a freeman? |
1676 | And do you know whether you are a freeman or not? |
1676 | And does that which gives it to the state give it also to the individual, so as to make him consistent with himself and with another? |
1676 | And what is the aim of that other good counsel of which you speak? |
1676 | And what is their aim? |
1676 | And what is your motive in annoying me, and always, wherever I am, making a point of coming? |
1676 | And who do them? |
1676 | At what price would you be willing to be deprived of courage? |
1676 | But granting, if I must, that you have perfectly divined my purposes, why is your assistance necessary to the attainment of them? |
1676 | But has he the knowledge which is necessary for carrying them out? |
1676 | But to be good in what? |
1676 | But to command what-- horses or men? |
1676 | But what business? |
1676 | But when is a city better? |
1676 | Can we really be ignorant of the excellent meaning of the Delphian inscription, of which we were just now speaking? |
1676 | Can you tell me why? |
1676 | Did you never observe how great is the property of the Spartan kings? |
1676 | Does Alcibiades know? |
1676 | Does he cut with his tools only or with his hands? |
1676 | Does he not take care of them when he takes care of that which belongs to his feet? |
1676 | Does he take care of himself when he takes care of what belongs to him? |
1676 | Does not the art of measure? |
1676 | Equestrian affairs? |
1676 | For who always does justice to himself, or who writes with equal care at all times? |
1676 | Have you not remarked their absence? |
1676 | He is going to persuade the Athenians-- about what? |
1676 | How can there be agreement about matters which the one party knows, and of which the other is in ignorance? |
1676 | I who put the question, or you who answer me? |
1676 | Is he good in the sense which Alcibiades means, who is also bad? |
1676 | Is it not disgraceful? |
1676 | Is it not true? |
1676 | Is not that clear? |
1676 | Let me begin then by enquiring of you whether you allow that the just is sometimes expedient and sometimes not? |
1676 | Look at the matter thus: which would you rather choose, good or evil? |
1676 | Now is this courage good or evil? |
1676 | Or did you think that you knew? |
1676 | Or is self- knowledge a difficult thing, which few are able to attain? |
1676 | SOCRATES: A difference of just and unjust is the argument of those poems? |
1676 | SOCRATES: A man is a good adviser about anything, not because he has riches, but because he has knowledge? |
1676 | SOCRATES: About that again the diviner will advise better than you will? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Again, he who cherishes his body cherishes not himself, but what belongs to him? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Again; you sometimes accompany the lyre with the song and dance? |
1676 | SOCRATES: All just things are honourable? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And Alcibiades is my hearer? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And I am the lover who goes not away, but remains with you, when you are no longer young and the rest are gone? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And I called the excellence in wrestling gymnastic? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And I in talking use words? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And I was right? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And a man is good in respect of that in which he is wise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And about number, will not the same person persuade one and persuade many? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And all this I prove out of your own mouth, for I ask and you answer? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And are honourable things sometimes good and sometimes not good, or are they always good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And are some dishonourable things good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And are you going to get up in the Athenian assembly, and give them advice about writing? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And are you not aware of the nature of this perplexity, my friend? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And are you now conscious of your own state? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And as much as is best? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And as much as is well? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And at such times as are best? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And before they have virtue, to be commanded by a superior is better for men as well as for children? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And by gymnastic we take care of our hands, and by the art of graving rings of that which belongs to our hands? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And by gymnastic we take care of the body, and by the art of weaving and the other arts we take care of the things of the body? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And by how much greater? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can not you persuade one man about that of which you can persuade many? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can there be any matters greater than the just, the honourable, the good, and the expedient? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can they teach the better who are unable to teach the worse? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can we ever know what art makes a man better, if we do not know what we are ourselves? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can you be persuaded better than out of your own mouth? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And can you tell me on what grounds the master of gymnastics would decide, with whom they ought or ought not to close, and when and how? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And did you not say, that if I had not spoken first, you were on the point of coming to me, and enquiring why I only remained? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do we by shoemaking take care of our feet, or by some other art which improves the feet? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do we know of any part of our souls more divine than that which has to do with wisdom and knowledge? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you know anything but what you have learned of others, or found out yourself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you know how to ascend into heaven? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you know how to escape out of a state which I do not even like to name to my beauty? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you mean by friendship agreement or disagreement? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you think and perplex yourself about the preparation of food: or do you leave that to some one who understands the art? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And do you think that you will sustain any injury if you take care of yourself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And does he use his eyes in cutting leather? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And does not a man use the whole body? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And does the body rule over itself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And evil in respect of that in which he is unwise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And failing, will he not be miserable? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And for as long a time as is better? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And happiness is a good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And have I not been the questioner all through? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And he who acts well is happy? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And he who knows not the things which belong to himself, will in like manner be ignorant of the things which belong to others? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And how can you say,''What was I to do''? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And how does this happen? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if any one has fallen in love with the person of Alcibiades, he loves not Alcibiades, but the belongings of Alcibiades? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if he falls into error will he not fail both in his public and private capacity? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if he knows not the affairs of others, he will not know the affairs of states? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if so, not he who has riches, but he who has wisdom, is delivered from his misery? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if they know, they must agree together and not differ? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if we did not know our own belongings, neither should we know the belongings of our belongings? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And if we want to instruct any one in them, we shall be right in sending him to be taught by our friends the many? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And in like manner the harper and gymnastic- master? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And in the same way the instrument of the harper is to be distinguished from the harper himself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And in this case, too, is your judgment perplexed? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And is not the same person able to persuade one individual singly and many individuals of the things which he knows? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And is self- knowledge such an easy thing, and was he to be lightly esteemed who inscribed the text on the temple at Delphi? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And is the art of the pilot evil counsel? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And is the good expedient or not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And life and courage are the extreme opposites of death and cowardice? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And more than four years ago you were a child-- were you not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And most mischievous and most disgraceful when having to do with the greatest matters? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And now let me ask you what is the art with which we take care of ourselves? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And private individuals? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And self- knowledge we agree to be wisdom? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And so you will act rightly and well? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And sometimes honourable and sometimes not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And suppose that you were going to steer a ship into action, would you only aim at being the best pilot on board? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And taking proper care means improving? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And talking and using words have, I suppose, the same meaning? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And that of which you can persuade either is clearly what you know? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And that which is better is also nobler? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And that which uses is different from that which is used? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the courage which is shown in the rescue is one thing, and the death another? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the good is expedient? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the greatest goods you would be most ready to choose, and would least like to be deprived of them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the happy are those who obtain good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the honourable is the good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the next step will be to take care of the soul, and look to that? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the reason why you involuntarily contradict yourself is clearly that you are ignorant? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the same art improves the feet which improves the rest of the body? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the same holds of the balance? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the shoe in like manner to the foot? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the soul rules? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the user is not the same as the thing which he uses? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And the user of the body is the soul? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And these, as you were saying, are what perplex you? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And they are honourable in so far as they are good, and dishonourable in so far as they are evil? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And they are not in the habit of deliberating about wrestling, in the assembly? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And they are what you would most desire to have, and their opposites you would least desire? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And they obtain good by acting well and honourably? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And they ought to go to war with those against whom it is better to go to war? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And this is the reason why their arts are accounted vulgar, and are not such as a good man would practise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And this will be he who knows number, or the arithmetician? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And two years ago, and three years ago, and four years ago, you knew all the same? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And virtue to a freeman? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And was not the art of which I spoke gymnastic? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And we admit that the user is not the same with the things which he uses? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what are the objects in looking at which we see ourselves? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what art makes each individual agree with himself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what art makes each of us agree with himself about the comparative length of the span and of the cubit? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what do you call the art of fellow- citizens? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what is nobler is more becoming? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what is that of which the absence or presence improves and preserves the order of the city? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what is the art which improves our shoes? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what sort of an art is this? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what will become of those for whom he is acting? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of a state? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when did you discover them-- not, surely, at the time when you thought that you knew them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when did you think that you were ignorant-- if you consider, you will find that there never was such a time? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when individuals are doing their own work, are they doing what is just or unjust? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when individuals do what is just in the state, is there no friendship among them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when it is better? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when we take care of our shoes, do we not take care of our feet? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And when you speak of gentlemen, do you mean the wise or the unwise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And will not he who is ignorant fall into error? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And would a woman agree with a man about the science of arms, which she has never learned? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And would you advise the Athenians to go to war with the just or with the unjust? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And would you have been willing to learn or to examine what you supposed that you knew? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And would you have ever learned or discovered anything, if you had not been willing either to learn of others or to examine yourself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And would you say that they knew the things about which they differ? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And you must give the citizens virtue, if you mean to administer their affairs rightly or nobly? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And you the answerer? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And you would have a proof that they were bad teachers of these matters, if you saw them at variance? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And you would term the rescue of a friend in battle honourable, in as much as courage does a good work? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And you, whom he taught, can do the same? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And, O my friend, is not the condition of a slave to be avoided? |
1676 | SOCRATES: And, if I may recur to another old instance, what art enables them to rule over their fellow- singers? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Are not those who are well born and well bred most likely to be perfect in virtue? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Are they ruling over the signal- men who give the time to the rowers? |
1676 | SOCRATES: As I am, with you? |
1676 | SOCRATES: As I was saying before, you will look only at what is bright and divine, and act with a view to them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: As bad as death, I suppose? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Ask yourself; are you in any perplexity about things of which you are ignorant? |
1676 | SOCRATES: At any rate, thus much has been admitted, that the art is not one which makes any of our possessions, but which makes ourselves better? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But can a man give that which he has not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But can a man, Alcibiades, agree with a woman about the spinning of wool, which she understands and he does not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But can they be said to understand that about which they are quarrelling to the death? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But did we not say that the actual ruling principle of the body is man? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But evil because of the death which ensues? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But evil in respect of death and wounds? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But good counsel? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But he who cherishes his money, cherishes neither himself nor his belongings, but is in a stage yet further removed from himself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But he who loves the soul goes not away, as long as the soul follows after virtue? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But he who loves your soul is the true lover? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But how is this, friend Alcibiades? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But if we have no self- knowledge and no wisdom, can we ever know our own good and evil? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But in respect of the making of garments he is unwise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But is this always the case, and is a man necessarily perplexed about that of which he has no knowledge? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But looking at anything else either in man or in the world, and not to what resembles this, it will not see itself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But may we say that the union of the two rules over the body, and consequently that this is man? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But over men? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But should we ever have known what art makes a shoe better, if we did not know a shoe? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But since neither the body, nor the union of the two, is man, either man has no real existence, or the soul is man? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But the tool is not the same as the cutter and user of the tool? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But what is the other agreement of which you speak, and about what? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But when people think that they do not know, they entrust their business to others? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But would you say that the good are the same as the bad? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But you would admit, Alcibiades, that to take proper care of a thing is a correct expression? |
1676 | SOCRATES: But, perhaps you mean that they rule over flute- players, who lead the singers and use the services of the dancers? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Cities, then, if they are to be happy, do not want walls, or triremes, or docks, or numbers, or size, Alcibiades, without virtue? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Come, now, I beseech you, tell me with whom you are conversing?--with whom but with me? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Did not I ask, and you answer the question? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Do you not see, then, that mistakes in life and practice are likewise to be attributed to the ignorance which has conceit of knowledge? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Do you remember our admissions about the just? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Do you see the reason why, or shall I tell you? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Do you take refuge in them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: For the art which takes care of our belongings appears not to be the same as that which takes care of ourselves? |
1676 | SOCRATES: For the builder will advise better than you will about that? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Have we not made an advance? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Have you not the intention which I attribute to you? |
1676 | SOCRATES: He uses his hands too? |
1676 | SOCRATES: He whose knowledge only extends to the body, knows the things of a man, and not the man himself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: He will not know what he is doing? |
1676 | SOCRATES: He would not go to war, because it would be unlawful? |
1676 | SOCRATES: How? |
1676 | SOCRATES: I am asking if you ever knew any one who did what was dishonourable and yet just? |
1676 | SOCRATES: I suppose that the use of arms would be regarded by you as a male accomplishment? |
1676 | SOCRATES: I suppose that we begin to act when we think that we know what we are doing? |
1676 | SOCRATES: I suppose, because you do not understand shipbuilding:--is that the reason? |
1676 | SOCRATES: I will explain; the shoemaker, for example, uses a square tool, and a circular tool, and other tools for cutting? |
1676 | SOCRATES: In that mirror you will see and know yourselves and your own good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: In the first place, will you be more likely to take care of yourself, if you are in a wholesome fear and dread of them, or if you are not? |
1676 | SOCRATES: In what sort of virtue? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Individuals are agreed with one another about this; and states, equally? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Is anything more required to prove that the soul is man? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Is that a question which a magnanimous soul should ask? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Is this because you think life and courage the best, and death and cowardice the worst? |
1676 | SOCRATES: It is subject, as we were saying? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Leaving the care of our bodies and of our properties to others? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Let me ask you whether better natures are likely to be found in noble races or not in noble races? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Let me take the hand as an illustration; does not a ring belong to the finger, and to the finger only? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Look at the matter yet once more in a further light: he who acts honourably acts well? |
1676 | SOCRATES: No, indeed, and we ought to take counsel together: for do we not wish to be as good as possible? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor about divination? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor an economist? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor are states well administered, when individuals do their own work? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor can there be friendship, if friendship is agreement? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor men by women when they do their own work? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor should we know that we were the persons to whom anything belonged, if we did not know ourselves? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Nor should we know what art makes a ring better, if we did not know a ring? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Not, surely, over horses? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Now let us put the case generally: whenever there is a question and answer, who is the speaker,--the questioner or the answerer? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Now the question which I asked was whether you conceive the user to be always different from that which he uses? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Or about the touch of the lyre? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Or on a voyage? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Or reaping the harvest? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Or suppose that I ask and you tell me the letters which make up the name Socrates, which of us is the speaker? |
1676 | SOCRATES: So you said before, and I must again ask, of whom? |
1676 | SOCRATES: That is to say, I, Socrates, am talking? |
1676 | SOCRATES: That was not what you were saying before; and what do you mean now by affirming that friendship exists when there is no agreement? |
1676 | SOCRATES: That would be the business of the teacher of the chorus? |
1676 | SOCRATES: That would be the office of the pilot? |
1676 | SOCRATES: The bad, then, are miserable? |
1676 | SOCRATES: The husbandmen and the other craftsmen are very far from knowing themselves, for they would seem not even to know their own belongings? |
1676 | SOCRATES: The lover of the body goes away when the flower of youth fades? |
1676 | SOCRATES: The shoemaker, for example, is wise in respect of the making of shoes? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then a man is not the same as his own body? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then about what concerns of theirs will you advise them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then acting well is a good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then by gymnastic we take care of our feet, and by shoemaking of that which belongs to our feet? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then by shoemaking we take care of our shoes? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then he is good in that? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then he who bids a man know himself, would have him know his soul? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then he who is not wise and good can not be happy? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then how can they teach them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then if temperance is the knowledge of self, in respect of his art none of them is temperate? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then if the eye is to see itself, it must look at the eye, and at that part of the eye where sight which is the virtue of the eye resides? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then in taking care of what belongs to you, you do not take care of yourself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then in that he is bad? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then in their knowledge there is no agreement of women and men? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then let me put the matter in another way: what do you call the Goddesses who are the patronesses of art? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then let us compare our antecedents with those of the Lacedaemonian and Persian kings; are they inferior to us in descent? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then neither the physician regarded as a physician, nor the trainer regarded as a trainer, knows himself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then such a man can never be a statesman? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then that is not the principle which we are seeking? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then the art which takes care of each thing is different from that which takes care of the belongings of each thing? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then the money- maker has really ceased to be occupied with his own concerns? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then the rescue of one''s friends is honourable in one point of view, but evil in another? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then the shoemaker and the harper are to be distinguished from the hands and feet which they use? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then there was a time when you thought that you did not know what you are now supposed to know? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then they may be expected to be good teachers of these things? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then this is ignorance of the disgraceful sort which is mischievous? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then to the bad man slavery is more becoming, because better? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then upon this view of the matter the same man is good and also bad? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then vice is only suited to a slave? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then we may truly conceive that you and I are conversing with one another, soul to soul? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what affairs? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what are the deliberations in which you propose to advise them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what do you mean by this friendship or agreement about which we must be wise and discreet in order that we may be good men? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what is the meaning of being able to rule over men who use other men? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what shall we say of the shoemaker? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then what will be the subject of deliberation about which you will be justified in getting up and advising them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then who is speaking? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then whom do you call the good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then women are not loved by men when they do their own work? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you are a good adviser about the things which you know? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you are not perplexed about what you do not know, if you know that you do not know it? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you did not learn them by discovering them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you suppose yourself even when a child to have known the nature of just and unjust? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you think that cowardice is the worst of evils? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then you, too, would address them on principles of justice? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then, Alcibiades, the just is expedient? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then, if the argument holds, what we find to be honourable we shall also find to be good? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Then, upon your view, women and men have two sorts of knowledge? |
1676 | SOCRATES: There is no subject about which they are more at variance? |
1676 | SOCRATES: They could not teach you how to play at draughts, which you would acknowledge( would you not) to be a much smaller matter than justice? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Those of whom you speak are ruling over men who are using the services of other men? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Very good; and can you tell me how long it is since you thought that you did not know the nature of the just and the unjust? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Very good; but did you ever know a man wise in anything who was unable to impart his particular wisdom? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Very true; and is there not something of the nature of a mirror in our own eyes? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, and did Pericles make any one wise; did he begin by making his sons wise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, and in reference to your own case, do you mean to remain as you are, or will you take some pains about yourself? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, but are the many agreed with themselves, or with one another, about the justice or injustice of men and things? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, but did he make your brother, Cleinias, wise? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, but do you imagine that the many would differ about the nature of wood and stone? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Well, naval affairs? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What art makes cities agree about numbers? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What is he, then? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What is the inference? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What sort of affairs? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What things? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What would you say of courage? |
1676 | SOCRATES: What, do you not wish to be persuaded? |
1676 | SOCRATES: When does a man take care of his feet? |
1676 | SOCRATES: When it is well to do so? |
1676 | SOCRATES: When they are doing something or nothing? |
1676 | SOCRATES: When they are sick? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Which is gymnastic? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Which of us now says that two is more than one? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Which of us, then, was the speaker? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Who are good in what? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Who, then, are the persons who make mistakes? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Why, you know that knowledge is the first qualification of any teacher? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Why, you surely know that our city goes to war now and then with the Lacedaemonians and with the great king? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Will you be troubled at having questions to answer? |
1676 | SOCRATES: Yes, I do; and what is the name of the art which is called after them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You and the state, if you act wisely and justly, will act according to the will of God? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You do, then, mean, as I was saying, to come forward in a little while in the character of an adviser of the Athenians? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You mean about shipbuilding, for example, when the question is what sort of ships they ought to build? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You mean that about them we should have recourse to horsemen? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You mean that we should have recourse to sailors about them? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You mean, when they deliberate with whom they ought to make peace, and with whom they ought to go to war, and in what manner? |
1676 | SOCRATES: You would feel no doubt; and for this reason-- because you would know? |
1676 | Suppose I were to ask you which is the greater number, two or one; you would reply''two''? |
1676 | Suppose that I ask you again, as I did just now, What art makes men know how to rule over their fellow- sailors,--how would you answer? |
1676 | Suppose you were to ask me, what is that of which the presence or absence improves or preserves the order of the body? |
1676 | Surely not about building? |
1676 | Then has he enquired for himself? |
1676 | They can not, of course, be those who know? |
1676 | To take an instance: Would he not say that they should wrestle with those against whom it is best to wrestle? |
1676 | To what does the word refer? |
1676 | Was not that said? |
1676 | Were you then in a state of conscious ignorance and enquiry? |
1676 | What do you say to a year ago? |
1676 | What is that by the presence or absence of which the state is improved and better managed and ordered? |
1676 | Who is he? |
1676 | Why, he asks, should he not learn of them the nature of justice, as he has learned the Greek language of them? |
1676 | Will he not be likely to have his constitution ruined? |
1676 | Will you tell me how? |
1676 | Would not his meaning be:--That the eye should look at that in which it would see itself? |
1676 | You would say the same? |
1676 | and do they not run to fetch the same thing, when they want a piece of wood or a stone? |
1676 | and if men, under what circumstances? |
1676 | and when does he take care? |
1676 | are they not agreed if you ask them what they are? |
1676 | if at the time you did not know whether you were wronged or not? |
1676 | what art can give that agreement? |
1735 | ''And in becoming you participate through the bodily senses, and in being, by thought and the mind?'' |
1735 | --and I should like to know, Theaetetus, how we can possibly answer the younker''s question? |
1735 | --do you know what sort of object he would single out in reply, and what answer he would make to the enquirer? |
1735 | And am I not contradicting myself at this moment, in speaking either in the singular or the plural of that to which I deny both plurality and unity? |
1735 | And are not''knowing''and''being known''active and passive? |
1735 | And can that be a true theory of the history of philosophy which, in Hegel''s own language,''does not allow the individual to have his right''? |
1735 | And is not''being''known? |
1735 | And the real''is,''and the not- real''is not''? |
1735 | And there is another part which is certainly not less ridiculous, but being a trade in learning must be called by some name germane to the matter? |
1735 | And therefore let us try another track in our pursuit of him: You are aware that there are certain menial occupations which have names among servants? |
1735 | And we rejoin: Does not the soul know? |
1735 | And what is the name? |
1735 | And what line of distinction can there possibly be greater than that which divides ignorance from knowledge? |
1735 | And what more do we want?'' |
1735 | And where does the danger lie? |
1735 | And who are the ministers of the purification? |
1735 | And who are these last? |
1735 | And you mean by the word''participation''a power of doing or suffering? |
1735 | And, indeed, how can we imagine that perfect being is a mere everlasting form, devoid of motion and soul? |
1735 | Are there two more kinds to be added to the three others? |
1735 | Are we not''seeking the living among the dead''and dignifying a mere logical skeleton with the name of philosophy and almost of God? |
1735 | But can he know all things? |
1735 | But could the Organon of Aristotle ever have been written unless the Sophist and Statesman had preceded? |
1735 | But how can anything be an appearance only? |
1735 | But how can there be anything which neither rests nor moves? |
1735 | But how can there be two names when there is nothing but one? |
1735 | But how could philosophy explain the connexion of ideas, how justify the passing of them into one another? |
1735 | But is it really true that the part has no meaning when separated from the whole, or that knowledge to be knowledge at all must be universal? |
1735 | But is there any meaning in reintroducing the forms of the old logic? |
1735 | But ought we to give him up? |
1735 | Can any one say or think that falsehood really exists, and avoid being caught in a contradiction? |
1735 | Can we imagine that being is devoid of life and mind, and exists in awful unmeaningness an everlasting fixture? |
1735 | Do all abstractions shine only by the reflected light of other abstractions? |
1735 | Do not our household servants talk of sifting, straining, winnowing? |
1735 | Do not persons become ideas, and is there any distinction between them? |
1735 | Do we not make one house by the art of building, and another by the art of drawing, which is a sort of dream created by man for those who are awake? |
1735 | Do you agree with our recent definition? |
1735 | Do you see his point, Theaetetus? |
1735 | Do you understand? |
1735 | Do you, Theaetetus, still feel any doubt of this? |
1735 | Does he who affirms this mean to say that motion is rest, or rest motion? |
1735 | Does not the very number of them imply that the nature of his art is not understood? |
1735 | For he who would imitate you would surely know you and your figure? |
1735 | Have we not unearthed the Sophist? |
1735 | How are we to understand the word"are"? |
1735 | How then can he dispute satisfactorily with any one who knows? |
1735 | How will you maintain your ground against him? |
1735 | If not- being is inconceivable, how can not- being be refuted? |
1735 | In a word, is not the art of disputation a power of disputing about all things? |
1735 | Is being, then, one, because the parts of being are one, or shall we say that being is not a whole? |
1735 | Is he the philosopher or the Sophist? |
1735 | Is he the statesman or the popular orator? |
1735 | Is not that true? |
1735 | Is not the reconciliation of mind and body a necessity, not only of speculation but of practical life? |
1735 | Is there any doubt, after what has been said, that he is to be located in one of the divisions of children''s play? |
1735 | Is this possible? |
1735 | May I not say with confidence that not- being has an assured existence, and a nature of its own? |
1735 | May they not also find a nearer explanation in their relation to phenomena? |
1735 | May we not call these''appearances,''since they appear only and are not really like? |
1735 | May we not say that motion is other than the other, having been also proved by us to be other than the same and other than rest? |
1735 | Not- being can not be attributed to any being; for how can any being be wholly abstracted from being? |
1735 | Or are some things communicable and others not?--Which of these alternatives, Theaetetus, will they prefer? |
1735 | Or is art required in order to do so? |
1735 | Or is not the very opposite true? |
1735 | Or shall we gather all into one class of things communicable with one another? |
1735 | Or shall we say that being is not a whole at all? |
1735 | Or shall we say that they are created by a divine reason and a knowledge which comes from God? |
1735 | Or should we consider being and other to be two names of the same class? |
1735 | Real or not real? |
1735 | SOCRATES: But how can any one who is ignorant dispute in a rational manner against him who knows? |
1735 | SOCRATES: Is he not rather a god, Theodorus, who comes to us in the disguise of a stranger? |
1735 | STRANGER: A resemblance, then, is not really real, if, as you say, not true? |
1735 | STRANGER: Again, false opinion is that form of opinion which thinks the opposite of the truth:--You would assent? |
1735 | STRANGER: Again, motion is other than the same? |
1735 | STRANGER: Again, of the various kinds of ignorance, may not instruction be rightly said to be the remedy? |
1735 | STRANGER: Again; how can that which is not a whole have any quantity? |
1735 | STRANGER: And a little while ago I said that not- being is unutterable, unspeakable, indescribable: do you follow? |
1735 | STRANGER: And about what does he profess that he teaches men to dispute? |
1735 | STRANGER: And all number is to be reckoned among things which are? |
1735 | STRANGER: And all the arts which were just now mentioned are characterized by this power of producing? |
1735 | STRANGER: And are we not now in as great a difficulty about being? |
1735 | STRANGER: And do they always fail in their attempt to be thought just, when they are not? |
1735 | STRANGER: And do they not acknowledge this to be a body having a soul? |
1735 | STRANGER: And do they not profess to make men able to dispute about law and about politics in general? |
1735 | STRANGER: And do they not say that one soul is just, and another unjust, and that one soul is wise, and another foolish? |
1735 | STRANGER: And do you mean this something to be some other true thing, or what do you mean? |
1735 | STRANGER: And does he not also teach others the art of disputation? |
1735 | STRANGER: And does not false opinion also think that things which most certainly exist do not exist at all? |
1735 | STRANGER: And equally irrational to admit that a name is anything? |
1735 | STRANGER: And has not this, as you were saying, as real an existence as any other class? |
1735 | STRANGER: And here, again, is falsehood? |
1735 | STRANGER: And in the case of the body are there not two arts which have to do with the two bodily states? |
1735 | STRANGER: And in using the singular verb, did I not speak of not- being as one? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is being the same as one, and do you apply two names to the same thing? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is deformity anything but the want of measure, which is always unsightly? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is knowing and being known doing or suffering, or both, or is the one doing and the other suffering, or has neither any share in either? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is not that part of exchange which takes place in the city, being about half of the whole, termed retailing? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is not the case the same with the parts of the other, which is also one? |
1735 | STRANGER: And is there any more artistic or graceful form of jest than imitation? |
1735 | STRANGER: And may not conquest be again subdivided? |
1735 | STRANGER: And may there not be supposed to be an imitative art of reasoning? |
1735 | STRANGER: And may we not fairly call the sort of art, which produces an appearance and not an image, phantastic art? |
1735 | STRANGER: And now, do we seem to have gained a fair notion of being? |
1735 | STRANGER: And now, if we suppose that all things have the power of communion with one another-- what will follow? |
1735 | STRANGER: And of arts there are two kinds? |
1735 | STRANGER: And of persuasion, there may be said to be two kinds? |
1735 | STRANGER: And of swimming animals, one class lives on the wing and the other in the water? |
1735 | STRANGER: And of the art of instruction, shall we say that there is one or many kinds? |
1735 | STRANGER: And purification was to leave the good and to cast out whatever is bad? |
1735 | STRANGER: And shall we call our new friend unskilled, or a thorough master of his craft? |
1735 | STRANGER: And shall we call the other a fifth class? |
1735 | STRANGER: And shall we further speak of this latter class as having one or two divisions? |
1735 | STRANGER: And that which being other is also like, may we not fairly call a likeness or image? |
1735 | STRANGER: And that which exchanges the goods of one city for those of another by selling and buying is the exchange of the merchant? |
1735 | STRANGER: And the art of dialectic would be attributed by you only to the philosopher pure and true? |
1735 | STRANGER: And the false says what is other than true? |
1735 | STRANGER: And the not true is that which is the opposite of the true? |
1735 | STRANGER: And the not- great may be said to exist, equally with the great? |
1735 | STRANGER: And the other is always relative to other? |
1735 | STRANGER: And there is a private sort of controversy, which is cut up into questions and answers, and this is commonly called disputation? |
1735 | STRANGER: And there is something which you call''being''? |
1735 | STRANGER: And therefore speaks of things which are not as if they were? |
1735 | STRANGER: And therefore this first kind of capture may be called by us capture with enclosures, or something of that sort? |
1735 | STRANGER: And therefore, to their disciples, they appear to be all- wise? |
1735 | STRANGER: And they dispute about all things? |
1735 | STRANGER: And this sort of hunting may be further divided also into two principal kinds? |
1735 | STRANGER: And we have already admitted, in what preceded, that the Sophist was lurking in one of the divisions of the likeness- making art? |
1735 | STRANGER: And we know that there exists in speech... THEAETETUS: What exists? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what about the assertors of the oneness of the all-- must we not endeavour to ascertain from them what they mean by''being''? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what do you say of the visible things in heaven and earth, and the like? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what is ignorance but the aberration of a mind which is bent on truth, and in which the process of understanding is perverted? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what is the name? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what is the quality of each of these two sentences? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what shall we call the other? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what shall we say of human art? |
1735 | STRANGER: And what would you say of the figure or form of justice or of virtue in general? |
1735 | STRANGER: And when a man says that he knows all things, and can teach them to another at a small cost, and in a short time, is not that a jest? |
1735 | STRANGER: And when opinion is presented, not simply, but in some form of sense, would you not call it imagination? |
1735 | STRANGER: And when the war is one of words, it may be termed controversy? |
1735 | STRANGER: And when you admit that both or either of them are, do you mean to say that both or either of them are in motion? |
1735 | STRANGER: And where shall I begin the perilous enterprise? |
1735 | STRANGER: And where there is insolence and injustice and cowardice, is not chastisement the art which is most required? |
1735 | STRANGER: And who are the ministers of this art? |
1735 | STRANGER: And who is the maker of the longer speeches? |
1735 | STRANGER: And would they say that the whole is other than the one that is, or the same with it? |
1735 | STRANGER: And would they say that they are corporeal? |
1735 | STRANGER: And would you not call by the same name him who buys up knowledge and goes about from city to city exchanging his wares for money? |
1735 | STRANGER: And yet they must all be akin? |
1735 | STRANGER: And yet you would say that both and either of them equally are? |
1735 | STRANGER: And you mean by true that which really is? |
1735 | STRANGER: And you remember that we subdivided the swimming and left the land animals, saying that there were many kinds of them? |
1735 | STRANGER: And, O heavens, can we ever be made to believe that motion and life and soul and mind are not present with perfect being? |
1735 | STRANGER: And, in the second place, it related to a subject? |
1735 | STRANGER: Any power of doing or suffering in a degree however slight was held by us to be a sufficient definition of being? |
1735 | STRANGER: But are we to conceive that being and the same are identical? |
1735 | STRANGER: But can anything which is, be attributed to that which is not? |
1735 | STRANGER: But does every one know what letters will unite with what? |
1735 | STRANGER: But how can a man either express in words or even conceive in thought things which are not or a thing which is not without number? |
1735 | STRANGER: But perhaps you mean to give the name of''being''to both of them together? |
1735 | STRANGER: But shall we say that has mind and not life? |
1735 | STRANGER: But surely that which may be present or may be absent will be admitted by them to exist? |
1735 | STRANGER: But surely we know that no soul is voluntarily ignorant of anything? |
1735 | STRANGER: But that of which this is the condition can not be absolute unity? |
1735 | STRANGER: But the stream of thought which flows through the lips and is audible is called speech? |
1735 | STRANGER: But then, what is the meaning of these two words,''same''and''other''? |
1735 | STRANGER: But upon this view, is the beautiful a more real and the not- beautiful a less real existence? |
1735 | STRANGER: But would either of them be if not participating in being? |
1735 | STRANGER: But you would agree, if I am not mistaken, that existences are relative as well as absolute? |
1735 | STRANGER: But, on the other hand, when we say''what is not,''do we not attribute unity? |
1735 | STRANGER: Can we find a suitable name for each of them? |
1735 | STRANGER: Can you see how without them mind could exist, or come into existence anywhere? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do we admit that virtue is distinct from vice in the soul? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do you not conceive discord to be a dissolution of kindred elements, originating in some disagreement? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do you not see that when the professor of any art has one name and many kinds of knowledge, there must be something wrong? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do you observe that our scepticism has carried us beyond the range of Parmenides''prohibition? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do you speak advisedly, or are you carried away at the moment by the habit of assenting into giving a hasty answer? |
1735 | STRANGER: Do you think that sameness of condition and mode and subject could ever exist without a principle of rest? |
1735 | STRANGER: Does false opinion think that things which are not are not, or that in a certain sense they are? |
1735 | STRANGER: First there is motion, which we affirm to be absolutely''other''than rest: what else can we say? |
1735 | STRANGER: For which reason twig baskets, casting- nets, nooses, creels, and the like may all be termed''enclosures''? |
1735 | STRANGER: How are we to call it? |
1735 | STRANGER: How do the Sophists make young men believe in their supreme and universal wisdom? |
1735 | STRANGER: How, then, can any one put any faith in me? |
1735 | STRANGER: How? |
1735 | STRANGER: Meaning to say that the soul is something which exists? |
1735 | STRANGER: Nevertheless, we maintain that you may not and ought not to attribute being to not- being? |
1735 | STRANGER: O my friend, do you not see that nothing can exceed our ignorance, and yet we fancy that we are saying something good? |
1735 | STRANGER: Of this merchandise of the soul, may not one part be fairly termed the art of display? |
1735 | STRANGER: Of whom does the sentence speak, and who is the subject? |
1735 | STRANGER: Open force may be called fighting, and secret force may have the general name of hunting? |
1735 | STRANGER: Or do you wish to imply that they are both at rest, when you say that they are? |
1735 | STRANGER: Or shall we say that both inhere in perfect being, but that it has no soul which contains them? |
1735 | STRANGER: Or that being has mind and life and soul, but although endowed with soul remains absolutely unmoved? |
1735 | STRANGER: Or this sentence, again-- THEAETETUS: What sentence? |
1735 | STRANGER: Seeing, then, that all arts are either acquisitive or creative, in which class shall we place the art of the angler? |
1735 | STRANGER: Shall we bind up his name as we did before, making a chain from one end of his genealogy to the other? |
1735 | STRANGER: Shall we regard one as the simple imitator-- the other as the dissembling or ironical imitator? |
1735 | STRANGER: Shall we say that being is one and a whole, because it has the attribute of unity? |
1735 | STRANGER: Shall we say that this has or has not a name? |
1735 | STRANGER: Shall we then be so faint- hearted as to give him up? |
1735 | STRANGER: Some in the singular( ti) you would say is the sign of one, some in the dual( tine) of two, some in the plural( tines) of many? |
1735 | STRANGER: The first question about the angler was, whether he was a skilled artist or unskilled? |
1735 | STRANGER: The plain result is that motion, since it partakes of being, really is and also is not? |
1735 | STRANGER: The true says what is true about you? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then any taking away of evil from the soul may be properly called purification? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then if, as I was saying, there is one art which includes all of them, ought not that art to have one name? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then let them answer this question: One, you say, alone is? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then suppose that we work out some lesser example which will be a pattern of the greater? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then the Sophist has been shown to have a sort of conjectural or apparent knowledge only of all things, which is not the truth? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then the not- beautiful turns out to be the opposition of being to being? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then we are to regard an unintelligent soul as deformed and devoid of symmetry? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then we may without fear contend that motion is other than being? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then we must not attempt to attribute to not- being number either in the singular or plural? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then we shall be right in calling vice a discord and disease of the soul? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then why has the sophistical art such a mysterious power? |
1735 | STRANGER: Then, according to this view, motion is other and also not other? |
1735 | STRANGER: There is some part of the other which is opposed to the beautiful? |
1735 | STRANGER: These then are the two kinds of image- making-- the art of making likenesses, and phantastic or the art of making appearances? |
1735 | STRANGER: Thus far, then, the Sophist and the angler, starting from the art of acquiring, take the same road? |
1735 | STRANGER: To admit of two names, and to affirm that there is nothing but unity, is surely ridiculous? |
1735 | STRANGER: To that which is, may be attributed some other thing which is? |
1735 | STRANGER: To them we say-- You would distinguish essence from generation? |
1735 | STRANGER: Upon this view, again, being, having a defect of being, will become not- being? |
1735 | STRANGER: Very good; and now say, do we venture to utter the forbidden word''not- being''? |
1735 | STRANGER: Was not the sort of imitation of which we spoke just now the imitation of those who know? |
1735 | STRANGER: We were saying of him, if I am not mistaken, that he was a disputer? |
1735 | STRANGER: Well, fair sirs, we say to them, what is this participation, which you assert of both? |
1735 | STRANGER: What art? |
1735 | STRANGER: What is the next step? |
1735 | STRANGER: What is there which is well known and not great, and is yet as susceptible of definition as any larger thing? |
1735 | STRANGER: What name, then, shall be given to the sort of instruction which gets rid of this? |
1735 | STRANGER: What then shall we call it? |
1735 | STRANGER: When I introduced the word''is,''did I not contradict what I said before? |
1735 | STRANGER: When any one says''A man learns,''should you not call this the simplest and least of sentences? |
1735 | STRANGER: When the affirmation or denial takes Place in silence and in the mind only, have you any other name by which to call it but opinion? |
1735 | STRANGER: When we speak of something as not great, does the expression seem to you to imply what is little any more than what is equal? |
1735 | STRANGER: When we speak of things which are not, are we not attributing plurality to not- being? |
1735 | STRANGER: When we were asked to what we were to assign the appellation of not- being, we were in the greatest difficulty:--do you remember? |
1735 | STRANGER: Where, then, is a man to look for help who would have any clear or fixed notion of being in his mind? |
1735 | STRANGER: Whereas being surely has communion with both of them, for both of them are? |
1735 | STRANGER: Who must be you, and can be nobody else? |
1735 | STRANGER: Would you not say that rest and motion are in the most entire opposition to one another? |
1735 | STRANGER: Yes, and the reason, as I should imagine, is that they are supposed to have knowledge of those things about which they dispute? |
1735 | STRANGER: Yet that which has parts may have the attribute of unity in all the parts, and in this way being all and a whole, may be one? |
1735 | STRANGER: Yet they surely both partake of the same and of the other? |
1735 | STRANGER: You heard me say what I have always felt and still feel-- that I have no heart for this argument? |
1735 | STRANGER: You mean by assenting to imply that he who says something must say some one thing? |
1735 | STRANGER: You mean to say that false opinion thinks what is not? |
1735 | STRANGER: You mean to say, not in a true sense? |
1735 | STRANGER: You remember our division of hunting, into hunting after swimming animals and land animals? |
1735 | Shall I say an angler? |
1735 | Shall I tell you what we must do? |
1735 | Shall we assume( 1) that being and rest and motion, and all other things, are incommunicable with one another? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Again I ask, What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: All things? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And in what other way can it contain them? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And is there not some truth in what they say? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And what is the name of the art? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And what is the question at issue about names? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And what is their answer? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: And why? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: But are tame animals ever hunted? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: But are you sure, Stranger, that this will be quite so acceptable to the rest of the company as Socrates imagines? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: But how can he, Stranger? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: For what reason? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How are we to distinguish the two? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How can they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How indeed? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How is that possible? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How is that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How is that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How is that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How shall we get it out of them? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How shall we make the division? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How the Sophist? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How would you make the division? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How, Stranger, can I describe an image except as something fashioned in the likeness of the true? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: I suppose that you are referring to the precepts of Protagoras about wrestling and the other arts? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: In what respect? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: In what way are they related? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: In what way? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: In what? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Is not this always the aim of imitation? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: May I ask to what you are referring? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Of what are they to be patterns, and what are we going to do with them all? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Of what are you speaking? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: To what are you alluding? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: To what are you referring? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: To what do you refer? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: To what do you refer? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Very likely; but will you tell me how? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Well, and do you see what you are looking for? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they, and what is their name? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What are you saying? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What art? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What can he mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What classification? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What definition? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean, and how do you distinguish them? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What explanation? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What is the notion? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What question? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What questions? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What shall be the divisions? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What was that? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What were they? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What will be their answer, Stranger? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What would he mean by''making''? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: What? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Where shall we make the division? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Where, indeed? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Where? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Which is--? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Who are cousins? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Who but he can be worthy? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why do you think so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why not? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why not? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why so? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Why? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Will you tell me first what are the two divisions of which you are speaking? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Yes, there are many such; which of them do you mean? |
1735 | THEAETETUS: Yes; why should there not be another such art? |
1735 | THEODORUS: What is your difficulty about them, and what made you ask? |
1735 | THEODORUS: What terms? |
1735 | Tell me who? |
1735 | The Pre- Socratic philosophies are simpler, and we may observe a progress in them; but is there any regular succession? |
1735 | The unity of opposites was the crux of ancient thinkers in the age of Plato: How could one thing be or become another? |
1735 | Then we turn to the friends of ideas: to them we say,''You distinguish becoming from being?'' |
1735 | Then what is the trick of his art, and why does he receive money from his admirers? |
1735 | There will be no impropriety in our demanding an answer to this question, either of the dualists or of the pluralists? |
1735 | Therefore not- being can not be predicated or expressed; for how can we say''is,''''are not,''without number? |
1735 | They were the symbols of different schools of philosophy: but in what relation did they stand to one another and to the world of sense? |
1735 | To begin at the beginning-- Does he make them able to dispute about divine things, which are invisible to men in general? |
1735 | To them we say: Are being and one two different names for the same thing? |
1735 | Turning to the dualist philosophers, we say to them: Is being a third element besides hot and cold? |
1735 | Upon your view, are we to suppose that there is a third principle over and above the other two,--three in all, and not two? |
1735 | We may call him an image- maker if we please, but he will only say,''And pray, what is an image?'' |
1735 | What connexion is there between the proposition and our ideas of reciprocity, cause and effect, and similar relations? |
1735 | What do you say, Stranger? |
1735 | What is the meaning of these words,''same''and''other''? |
1735 | What is the teaching of Socrates apart from his personal history, or the doctrines of Christ apart from the Divine life in which they are embodied? |
1735 | What shall we name him? |
1735 | Whether they are right or not, who can say? |
1735 | Who ever thinks of the world as a syllogism? |
1735 | Will you recall them to my mind? |
1735 | Will you tell me? |
1735 | Would you object to begin with the consideration of the words themselves? |
1735 | Yet one thing may be said of them without offence-- THEAETETUS: What thing? |
1735 | You mean to say that he seems to have a knowledge of them? |
1735 | and is not Being capable of being known? |
1735 | has not Being mind? |
1735 | he and we are in the same difficulty with which we reproached the dualists; for motion and rest are contradictions-- how then can they both exist? |
1735 | is there a greater still behind? |
1735 | my dear youth, do you suppose this possible? |
1735 | or do you identify one or both of the two elements with being? |
1735 | or( 2) that they all have indiscriminate communion? |
1735 | or( 3) that there is communion of some and not of others? |
1744 | ''But whither, Socrates, are you going? |
1744 | ''How can I contribute to the greatest happiness of others?'' |
1744 | ''Is pleasure an evil? |
1744 | ''What is the place of happiness or utility in a system of moral philosophy?'' |
1744 | ''Why, Socrates,''they will say,''how can we? |
1744 | ''Yes, I know, but what is the application?'' |
1744 | ''good'') to pleasures in general, when he can not deny that they are different? |
1744 | --Is not this a very rational and suitable reply, which mind has made, both on her own behalf, as well as on the behalf of memory and true opinion? |
1744 | Am I not right in saying that they have a deeper want and greater pleasure in the satisfaction of their want? |
1744 | And he who thus deceives himself may be strong or weak? |
1744 | And here several questions arise for consideration:--What is the meaning of pure and impure, of moderate and immoderate? |
1744 | And if he is strong we fear him, and if he is weak we laugh at him, which is a pleasure, and yet we envy him, which is a pain? |
1744 | And ignorance is a misfortune? |
1744 | And in which is pleasure to find a place? |
1744 | And is not the element which makes this mixed life eligible more akin to mind than to pleasure? |
1744 | And is not this the science which has a firmer grasp of them than any other? |
1744 | And mind what you say: I ask whether any animal who is in that condition can possibly have any feeling of pleasure or pain, great or small? |
1744 | And must I include music, which is admitted to be guess- work? |
1744 | And must I then finish the argument? |
1744 | And now I want to know whether I may depart; or will you keep me here until midnight? |
1744 | And now let us go back and interrogate wisdom and mind: Would you like to have any pleasures in the mixture? |
1744 | And now we turn to the pleasures; shall I admit them? |
1744 | And one form of ignorance is self- conceit-- a man may fancy himself richer, fairer, better, wiser than he is? |
1744 | And there are colours which are of the same character, and have similar pleasures; now do you understand my meaning? |
1744 | And they will reply:--''What pleasures do you mean?'' |
1744 | And what shall we say about the rest? |
1744 | And yet the envious man finds something pleasing in the misfortunes of others? |
1744 | And you remember how pleasures mingle with pains in lamentation and bereavement? |
1744 | Another question is raised: May not pleasures, like opinions, be true and false? |
1744 | Answer now, and tell me whether you see, I will not say more, but more intense and excessive pleasures in wantonness than in temperance? |
1744 | Are we not desirous of happiness, at any rate for ourselves and our friends, if not for all mankind? |
1744 | Are we not liable, or rather certain, as in the case of sight, to be deceived by distance and relation? |
1744 | Are we not, on the contrary, almost wholly unconscious of this and similar phenomena?'' |
1744 | But at an early stage of the controversy another question was asked:''Do pleasures differ in kind? |
1744 | But how would you decide this question, Protarchus? |
1744 | But in passing from one to the other, do we not experience neutral states, which although they appear pleasureable or painful are really neither? |
1744 | But is it not distracting to the conscience of a man to be told that in the particular case they are opposed? |
1744 | But is the life of pleasure perfect and sufficient, when deprived of memory, consciousness, anticipation? |
1744 | But still we want truth? |
1744 | But what two notions can be more opposed in many cases than these? |
1744 | But whence comes this common inheritance or stock of moral ideas? |
1744 | But where shall we place mind? |
1744 | Can there be another source? |
1744 | Could this be otherwise? |
1744 | Do not certain ingenious philosophers teach this doctrine, and ought not we to be grateful to them? |
1744 | Do you mean that you are to throw into the cup and mingle the impure and uncertain art which uses the false measure and the false circle? |
1744 | Do you think that any one who asserts pleasure to be the good, will tolerate the notion that some pleasures are good and others bad? |
1744 | Does not the more and less, which dwells in their very nature, prevent their having any end? |
1744 | First we will take the pure sciences; but shall we mingle the impure-- the art which uses the false rule and the false measure? |
1744 | For are not love and sorrow as well as anger''sweeter than honey,''and also full of pain? |
1744 | For have these unities of idea any real existence? |
1744 | For is there not also an absurdity in affirming that good is of the soul only; or in declaring that the best of men, if he be in pain, is bad? |
1744 | For must not pleasure be of all things most absolutely like pleasure,--that is, like itself? |
1744 | For what can be more reasonable than that God should will the happiness of all his creatures? |
1744 | For what in Heaven''s name is the feeling to be called which is thus produced in us?--Pleasure or pain? |
1744 | Have I not given, Philebus, a fair statement of the two sides of the argument? |
1744 | Have we not found that which Socrates and Plato''grew old in seeking''? |
1744 | How, as units, can they be divided and dispersed among different objects? |
1744 | How, if imperishable, can they enter into the world of generation? |
1744 | How, then, can we compare them? |
1744 | I am of opinion that they would certainly answer as follows: PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | If this be clearly established, then pleasure will lose the victory, for the good will cease to be identified with her:--Am I not right? |
1744 | If we ask: Which of these many theories is the true one? |
1744 | If we say''Not pleasure, not virtue, not wisdom, nor yet any quality which we can abstract from these''--what then? |
1744 | Is mind or chance the lord of the universe? |
1744 | Is not and was not this what we were saying, Protarchus? |
1744 | Is not this the life of an oyster? |
1744 | Is not this the sort of enquiry in which his life is spent? |
1744 | Is that purest which is greatest or most in quantity, or that which is most unadulterated and freest from any admixture of other colours? |
1744 | Is there not a mixture of feelings in the spectator of tragedy? |
1744 | Is there such a thing as opinion? |
1744 | May not a man who is empty have at one time a sure hope of being filled, and at other times be quite in despair? |
1744 | May we not say of him, that he is in an intermediate state? |
1744 | Must not the union of the two be higher and more eligible than either separately? |
1744 | Or do they exist in their entirety in each object? |
1744 | Or is the life of mind sufficient, if devoid of any particle of pleasure? |
1744 | PHILEBUS: And did not you, Protarchus, propose to answer in my place? |
1744 | PHILEBUS: How so? |
1744 | PHILEBUS: I think so too, but how do his words bear upon us and upon the argument? |
1744 | PHILEBUS: What is that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And pray, what is dialectic? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And what is this life of mind? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And what was that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And who may they be? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And would you like to have a fifth class or cause of resolution as well as a cause of composition? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And would you tell me again, sweet Socrates, which of the aforesaid classes is the mixed one? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: And would you, Socrates, have us agree with them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: But how, Socrates, can there be false pleasures and pains? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: But what, Socrates, are those other marvels connected with this subject which, as you imply, have not yet become common and acknowledged? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: But when and how does he do this? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: But why, Socrates, do we ask the question at all? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Certainly not, Socrates; but why repeat such questions any more? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How can we make the further division which you suggest? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How can we? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How do they afford an illustration? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How indeed? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How is that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How is that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How shall I change them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How so? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How so? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How so? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How will that be? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How will you proceed? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How would you distinguish them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: How? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: I believe that you are right, Socrates; but will you try to be a little plainer? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: In the class of the infinite, you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: In what manner? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: In what respect? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Not if the pleasure is mistaken; how could we? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Of what affections, and of what kind of life, are you speaking? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Of what nature? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Of what nature? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Of what? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Of whom are you speaking, and what do they mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Out of the union, that is, of pleasure with mind and wisdom? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Then what pleasures, Socrates, should we be right in conceiving to be true? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Upon what principle would you make the division? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Very likely; but how will this invalidate the argument? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What am I to infer? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What answer? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are the two kinds? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are they, and how do you separate them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are they, and how shall we find them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are they? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are they? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What are they? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What disorders? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do they mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean by the class of the finite? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean by''intermediate''? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean, and what proof have you to offer of what you are saying? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean, my good friend? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What have you to say? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What instance shall we select? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What is your explanation? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What life? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What manner of natures are they? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What phenomena do you mean? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What pleasures? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What point? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What principle? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What question? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What question? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What question? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What question? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What question? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What road? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What shall we say about them, and what course shall we take? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What was it? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What was that? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What will that be? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: What? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: When can that be, Socrates? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Where shall we begin? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Which of them? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Who is he? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why do you ask, Socrates? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why do you not answer yourself, Socrates? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why not, Socrates? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why should I? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why so? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Why, how could any man who gave any other be deemed in his senses? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: Yes, certainly; for how can there be anything which has no cause? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: You are speaking of beauty, truth, and measure? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: You mean that he may live neither rejoicing nor sorrowing? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: You mean, what would happen if the body were not changed either for good or bad? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: You want to know whether that which is called essence is, properly speaking, for the sake of generation? |
1744 | PROTARCHUS: You, Philebus, have handed over the argument to me, and have no longer a voice in the matter? |
1744 | Perhaps you will allow me to ask you a question before you answer? |
1744 | SOCRATES: A better and more unexceptionable way of speaking will be-- PROTARCHUS: What? |
1744 | SOCRATES: A just and pious and good man is the friend of the gods; is he not? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And a man must be pleased by something? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And all men, as we were saying just now, are always filled with hopes? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And am I to include music, which, as I was saying just now, is full of guesswork and imitation, and is wanting in purity? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And an opinion must be of something? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And are not mind and wisdom the names which are to be honoured most? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And are they felt by us to be or become greater, when we are sick or when we are in health? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And are you aware that even at a comedy the soul experiences a mixed feeling of pain and pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And can opinions be good or bad except in as far as they are true or false? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And did we think that either of them alone would be sufficient? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do not opinion and the endeavour to form an opinion always spring from memory and perception? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do not people who are in a fever, or any similar illness, feel cold or thirst or other bodily affections more intensely? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do they think that they have pleasure when they are free from pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do we feel pain or pleasure in laughing at it? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do we not acknowledge this ignorance of theirs to be a misfortune? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And do you, Protarchus, accept the position which is assigned to you? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And from a like admixture of the finite and infinite come the seasons, and all the delights of life? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And further, even if we admit the existence of qualities in other objects, may not pleasure and pain be simple and devoid of quality? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And has he not the pleasure of memory when he is hoping to be filled, and yet in that he is empty is he not at the same time in pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And has not the argument in what has preceded, already shown that the arts have different provinces, and vary in their degrees of certainty? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And he who is pleased, whether he is rightly pleased or not, will always have a real feeling of pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And how, Protarchus, can there be true and false fears, or true and false expectations, or true and false opinions? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And how, Protarchus, shall we answer the enquiry? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And if badness attaches to any of them, Protarchus, then we should speak of a bad opinion or of a bad pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And if the thing opined be erroneous, might we not say that the opinion, being erroneous, is not right or rightly opined? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And if we see a pleasure or pain which errs in respect of its object, shall we call that right or good, or by any honourable name? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And ignorance, and what is termed clownishness, are surely an evil? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And in these sorts of mixtures the pleasures and pains are sometimes equal, and sometimes one or other of them predominates? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is not destruction universally admitted to be the opposite of generation? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is not our fire small and weak and mean? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is not the agent the same as the cause in all except name; the agent and the cause may be rightly called one? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is not thirst desire? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is the good sufficient? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And is there not and was there not a further point which was conceded between us? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And may not all this be truly called an evil condition? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And may not the same be said about fear and anger and the like; are they not often false? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And may we not say that the good, being friends of the gods, have generally true pictures presented to them, and the bad false pictures? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And may we not say with reason that we are now at the vestibule of the habitation of the good? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And memory may, I think, be rightly described as the preservation of consciousness? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And must we not attribute to pleasure and pain a similar real but illusory character? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And now have I not sufficiently shown that Philebus''goddess is not to be regarded as identical with the good? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And now we must begin to mix them? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And now what is the next question, and how came we hither? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And now what nature shall we ascribe to the third or compound kind? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And of the names expressing cognition, ought not the fairest to be given to the fairest things? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And ought we not to select some of these for examination, and see what makes them the greatest? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And shall we not find them also full of the most wonderful pleasures? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And such a thing as pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And surely pleasure often appears to accompany an opinion which is not true, but false? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And that can not be the body, for the body is supposed to be emptied? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the class to which pleasure belongs has also been long ago discovered? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the creator or cause of them has been satisfactorily proven to be distinct from them,--and may therefore be called a fourth principle? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the finite or limit had not many divisions, and we readily acknowledged it to be by nature one? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the images answering to true opinions and words are true, and to false opinions and words false; are they not? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the obvious instances of the greatest pleasures, as we have often said, are the pleasures of the body? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the same may be said of the patient, or effect; we shall find that they too differ, as I was saying, only in name-- shall we not? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the soul may be truly said to be oblivious of the first but not of the second? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the union or communion of soul and body in one feeling and motion would be properly called consciousness? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And the unjust and utterly bad man is the reverse? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And there is a higher note and a lower note, and a note of equal pitch:--may we affirm so much? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And these hopes, as they are termed, are propositions which exist in the minds of each of us? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And these names may be said to have their truest and most exact application when the mind is engaged in the contemplation of true being? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And these were the names which I adduced of the rivals of pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And this was the source of false opinion and opining; am I not right? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And was not envy the source of this pleasure which we feel at the misfortunes of friends? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And we have also agreed that the restoration of the natural state is pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And we maintain that they are each of them one? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And we see what is the place and nature of this life and to what class it is to be assigned? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And what do you say, Philebus? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And what if there be a third state, which is better than either? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And what shall we say, Philebus, of your life which is all sweetness; and in which of the aforesaid classes is that to be placed? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of the intermediate state? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And whether the opinion be right or wrong, makes no difference; it will still be an opinion? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And why do you suppose me to have pointed out to you the admixture which takes place in comedy? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And will you help us to test these two lives? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And will you let me go? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And wisdom and mind can not exist without soul? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And yet he who desires, surely desires something? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And yet the envious man finds something in the misfortunes of his neighbours at which he is pleased? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And yet they are very different; what common nature have we in view when we call them by a single name? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And yet you will acknowledge that they are different from one another, and sometimes opposed? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And you remember also how at the sight of tragedies the spectators smile through their tears? |
1744 | SOCRATES: And you say that pleasure, and I say that wisdom, is such a state? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Are not we the cup- bearers? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Are there not three ways in which ignorance of self may be shown? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Are you going to ask, Philebus, what this has to do with the argument? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Assuredly you have already arrived at the answer to the question which, as you say, you have been so long asking? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But do we not distinguish memory from recollection? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But do you see the consequence? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But do you see the consequence? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But had we not better have a preliminary word and refresh our memories? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But how can we rightly judge of them? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But is such a life eligible? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But to feel joy instead of sorrow at the sight of our friends''misfortunes-- is not that wrong? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But were you right? |
1744 | SOCRATES: But what do you say of another question:--have we not heard that pleasure is always a generation, and has no true being? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Capital; and now will you please to give me your best attention? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Certainly, Protarchus; but are not these also distinguishable into two kinds? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Did not the things which were generated, and the things out of which they were generated, furnish all the three classes? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Did we not begin by enquiring into the comparative eligibility of pleasure and wisdom? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Did we not place hunger, thirst, and the like, in the class of desires? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Did we not say that ignorance was always an evil? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Do not obvious and every- day phenomena furnish the simplest illustration? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Do we mean anything when we say''a man thirsts''? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Do you deny that some pleasures are false, and others true? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Do you mean to say that I must make the division for you? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Does not the right participation in the finite give health-- in disease, for instance? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Good; and where shall we begin this great and multifarious battle, in which such various points are at issue? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Have pleasure and pain a limit, or do they belong to the class which admits of more and less? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Have we not found a road which leads towards the good? |
1744 | SOCRATES: He asks himself--''What is that which appears to be standing by the rock under the tree?'' |
1744 | SOCRATES: He does not desire that which he experiences, for he experiences thirst, and thirst is emptiness; but he desires replenishment? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Here then is one kind of pleasures and pains originating severally in the two processes which we have described? |
1744 | SOCRATES: How can anything fixed be concerned with that which has no fixedness? |
1744 | SOCRATES: How can there be purity in whiteness, and what purity? |
1744 | SOCRATES: I have just mentioned envy; would you not call that a pain of the soul? |
1744 | SOCRATES: In what way? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Is not envy an unrighteous pleasure, and also an unrighteous pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Is the good perfect or imperfect? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Knowledge has two parts,--the one productive, and the other educational? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Let them flow, then; and now, if there are any necessary pleasures, as there were arts and sciences necessary, must we not mingle them? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Living thus, you would always throughout your life enjoy the greatest pleasures? |
1744 | SOCRATES: May I not have led you into a misapprehension? |
1744 | SOCRATES: May our body be said to have a soul? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Might we imagine the process to be something of this nature? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Now, can that which is neither be either gold or silver? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Or suppose that the better life is more nearly allied to wisdom, then wisdom conquers, and pleasure is defeated;--do you agree? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Reflect; would you not want wisdom and intelligence and forethought, and similar qualities? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Right; but do you understand why I have discussed the subject? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Shall I, Protarchus, have my own question asked of me by you? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Shall the enquiry into these states of feeling be made the occasion of raising a question? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Shall we further agree-- PROTARCHUS: To what? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Shall we next consider measure, in like manner, and ask whether pleasure has more of this than wisdom, or wisdom than pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Sound is one in music as well as in grammar? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Tell me first;--should we be most likely to succeed if we mingled every sort of pleasure with every sort of wisdom? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Tell us, O beloved-- shall we call you pleasures or by some other name?--would you rather live with or without wisdom? |
1744 | SOCRATES: That is a return to the old position, Protarchus, and so we are to say( are we?) |
1744 | SOCRATES: The agent or cause always naturally leads, and the patient or effect naturally follows it? |
1744 | SOCRATES: The bad then commonly delight in false pleasures, and the good in true pleasures? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then he who is empty desires, as would appear, the opposite of what he experiences; for he is empty and desires to be full? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then he will live without pleasure; and who knows whether this may not be the most divine of all lives? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then here we have a third state, over and above that of pleasure and of pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then man and the other animals have at the same time both pleasure and pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then many other cases still remain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then mind and science when employed about such changing things do not attain the highest truth? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then now we know the meaning of the word? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then pleasure, being a generation, must surely be for the sake of some essence? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then pleasure, being a generation, will be rightly placed in some other class than that of good? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then the cause and what is subordinate to it in generation are not the same, but different? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then the perfect and universally eligible and entirely good can not possibly be either of them? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then there must be something in the thirsty man which in some way apprehends replenishment? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then this is your judgment; and this is the answer which, upon your authority, we will give to all masters of the art of misinterpretation? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then we were not right in saying, just now, that motions going up and down cause pleasures and pains? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Then, how can opinion be both true and false, and pleasure true only, although pleasure and opinion are both equally real? |
1744 | SOCRATES: There is greater hope of finding that which we are seeking in the life which is well mixed than in that which is not? |
1744 | SOCRATES: There is nothing envious or wrong in rejoicing at the misfortunes of enemies? |
1744 | SOCRATES: True, Protarchus; and so the purest white, and not the greatest or largest in quantity, is to be deemed truest and most beautiful? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Very right; and would you say that generation is for the sake of essence, or essence for the sake of generation? |
1744 | SOCRATES: We agree-- do we not?--that there is such a thing as false, and also such a thing as true opinion? |
1744 | SOCRATES: We may assume then that there are three lives, one pleasant, one painful, and the third which is neither; what say you? |
1744 | SOCRATES: We mean to say that he''is empty''? |
1744 | SOCRATES: We said, if you remember, that the mixed life of pleasure and wisdom was the conqueror-- did we not? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, but are not those pleasures the greatest of which mankind have the greatest desires? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, but had we not better leave her now, and not pain her by applying the crucial test, and finally detecting her? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, but if a man who is full of knowledge loses his knowledge, are there not pains of forgetting? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, tell me, is this question worth asking? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, then, my view is-- PROTARCHUS: What is it? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Well, then, shall I let them all flow into what Homer poetically terms''a meeting of the waters''? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Were we not saying that God revealed a finite element of existence, and also an infinite? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Were we not speaking just now of hotter and colder? |
1744 | SOCRATES: What do you mean, Protarchus, by the two pains? |
1744 | SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1744 | SOCRATES: What do you mean? |
1744 | SOCRATES: What would you say, Protarchus, to both of these in one, or to one that was made out of the union of the two? |
1744 | SOCRATES: What, then, is there in the mixture which is most precious, and which is the principal cause why such a state is universally beloved by all? |
1744 | SOCRATES: When you speak of purity and clearness, or of excess, abundance, greatness and sufficiency, in what relation do these terms stand to truth? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Whereas eating is a replenishment and a pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Whether we experience the feeling of which I am speaking only in relation to the present and the past, or in relation to the future also? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Whether we ought to say that the pleasures and pains of which we are speaking are true or false? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Why, Protarchus, admitting that there is no such interval, I may ask what would be the necessary consequence if there were? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Why, do we not speak of anger, fear, desire, sorrow, love, emulation, envy, and the like, as pains which belong to the soul only? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Why? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Would you choose, Protarchus, to live all your life long in the enjoyment of the greatest pleasures? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Would you consider that there was still anything wanting to you if you had perfect pleasure? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Would you say of drink, or of replenishment with drink? |
1744 | SOCRATES: Would you say that he was wholly pained or wholly pleased? |
1744 | SOCRATES: You mean the pleasures which are mingled with pain? |
1744 | SOCRATES: You mean to say that you would like to desert, if you were not ashamed? |
1744 | SOCRATES: You will observe that I have spoken of three classes? |
1744 | Secondly, why is there no mention of the supreme mind? |
1744 | Shall I tell you how I mean to escape from them? |
1744 | Shall we begin thus? |
1744 | Shall we enquire into the truth of your opinion? |
1744 | Shall you and I sum up the two sides? |
1744 | Still the question recurs,''In what does the whole differ from all the parts?'' |
1744 | The pleasure of yourself, or of your neighbour,--of the individual, or of the world?'' |
1744 | The question Will such and such an action promote the happiness of myself, my family, my country, the world? |
1744 | Then both of us are vanquished-- are we not? |
1744 | To these ancient speculations the moderns have added a further question:--''Whose pleasure? |
1744 | To what then is to be attributed this opinion which has been often entertained about the uncertainty of morals? |
1744 | We understand what you mean; but is there no charm by which we may dispel all this confusion, no more excellent way of arriving at the truth? |
1744 | Were we not enquiring whether the second place belonged to pleasure or wisdom? |
1744 | What are they? |
1744 | What common property in all of them does he mean to indicate by the term''good''? |
1744 | What is the origin of pleasure? |
1744 | What more does he want? |
1744 | When we saw those elements of which we have been speaking gathered up in one, did we not call them a body? |
1744 | When you speak of hotter and colder, can you conceive any limit in those qualities? |
1744 | Whence comes the necessity of them? |
1744 | Which has the greater share of truth? |
1744 | Which of beauty? |
1744 | Which of symmetry? |
1744 | Who would prefer such an alternation to the equable life of pure thought? |
1744 | Why are some actions rather than others which equally tend to the happiness of mankind imposed upon us with the authority of law? |
1744 | Why do I say so at this moment? |
1744 | Why should we endeavour to bind all men within the limits of a single metaphysical conception? |
1744 | Would the world have been better if there had been no Stoics or Kantists, no Platonists or Cartesians? |
1744 | Yet about these too we must ask What will of God? |
1744 | a good? |
1744 | and are some bad, some good, and some neither bad nor good?'' |
1744 | and of comedy also? |
1744 | because I said that we had better not pain pleasure, which is an impossibility? |
1744 | how revealed to us, and by what proofs? |
1744 | is analogous to the question asked in the Philebus,''What rank does pleasure hold in the scale of goods?'' |
1744 | need I remind you of the anger''Which stirs even a wise man to violence, And is sweeter than honey and the honeycomb?'' |
1744 | or some true and some false? |
1744 | the only good?'' |
1744 | which includes the lower and the higher kind of happiness, and is the aim of the noblest, as well as of the meanest of mankind?'' |
1744 | would you not at any rate want sight? |
1726 | ''And he who remembers, remembers that which he sees and knows?'' |
1726 | ''And he who sees knows?'' |
1726 | ''And if you say"Yes,"the tongue will escape conviction but not the mind, as Euripides would say?'' |
1726 | ''But Protagoras will retort:"Can anything be more or less without addition or subtraction?"'' |
1726 | ''But if he closes his eyes, does he not remember?'' |
1726 | ''Excellent; I want you to grow, and therefore I will leave that answer and ask another question: Is not seeing perceiving?'' |
1726 | ''That I should expect; but why did he not remain at Megara?'' |
1726 | ''What do you mean, Socrates?'' |
1726 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1726 | ''What may that be?'' |
1726 | ''Why, Socrates, how can you argue at all without using them?'' |
1726 | ( b) Would he have based the relativity of knowledge on the Heraclitean flux? |
1726 | ( c) Would he have asserted the absoluteness of sensation at each instant? |
1726 | --That will be our answer? |
1726 | Am I not right, Theaetetus, and is not this your new- born child, of which I have delivered you? |
1726 | Am I not right? |
1726 | Am I not right? |
1726 | And could you repeat the conversation?'' |
1726 | And do you not like the taste of them in the mouth? |
1726 | And has Plato kept altogether clear of a confusion, which the analogous word logos tends to create, of a proposition and a definition? |
1726 | And how can any one be ignorant of either of them, and yet know both of them? |
1726 | And if they differ in opinion, which of them is likely to be right; or are they both right? |
1726 | And is not the confusion increased by the use of the analogous term''elements,''or''letters''? |
1726 | And now, what are you saying?--Are there two sorts of opinion, one true and the other false; and do you define knowledge to be the true? |
1726 | And so we must ask again, What is knowledge? |
1726 | And so you are satisfied that false opinion is heterodoxy, or the thought of something else? |
1726 | And so, Theaetetus, knowledge is neither sensation nor true opinion, nor yet definition and explanation accompanying and added to true opinion? |
1726 | And the same of perceiving: do you understand me? |
1726 | And therefore let us draw nearer, as the advocate of Protagoras desires; and give the truth of the universal flux a ring: is the theory sound or not? |
1726 | And what other case is conceivable, upon the supposition that we either know or do not know all things? |
1726 | And yet is not the all that of which nothing is wanting? |
1726 | Are its movements identical with those of the body, or only preconcerted and coincident with them, or is one simply an aspect of the other? |
1726 | Are not these speculations charming, Theaetetus, and very good for a person in your interesting situation? |
1726 | Are you so profoundly convinced of this? |
1726 | Are you still in labour, or have you brought all you have to say about knowledge to the birth? |
1726 | But I should like to know, Socrates, whether you mean to say that all this is untrue?'' |
1726 | But are we not inverting the natural order in looking for opinion before we have found knowledge? |
1726 | But did you ever say to yourself, that good is evil, or evil good? |
1726 | But do you begin to see what is the explanation of this perplexity on the hypothesis which we attribute to Protagoras? |
1726 | But have we not escaped one difficulty only to encounter a greater? |
1726 | But here we are met by a singular difficulty: How is false opinion possible? |
1726 | But how can he who knows the forms of knowledge and the forms of ignorance imagine one to be the other? |
1726 | But how can the syllable be known if the letter remains unknown? |
1726 | But how is false opinion possible? |
1726 | But if knowledge is perception, how can we distinguish between the true and the false in such cases? |
1726 | But is true opinion really distinct from knowledge? |
1726 | But may there not be''heterodoxy,''or transference of opinion;--I mean, may not one thing be supposed to be another? |
1726 | But still an old difficulty recurs; we ask ourselves,''How is false opinion possible?'' |
1726 | But tell me, Socrates, in heaven''s name, is this, after all, not the truth? |
1726 | But then, as Plato asks,--and we must repeat the question,--What becomes of the mind? |
1726 | But what is SO? |
1726 | But what is the third definition? |
1726 | But when the word''knowledge''was found how was it to be explained or defined? |
1726 | But why did he go on, instead of stopping at Megara? |
1726 | But would this hold in any parallel case? |
1726 | But, as we are at our wits''end, suppose that we do a shameless thing? |
1726 | But, seeing that we are no great wits, shall I venture to say what knowing is? |
1726 | Can a man see and see nothing? |
1726 | Can a whole be something different from the parts? |
1726 | Can two unknowns make a known? |
1726 | Can we answer that question? |
1726 | Can we suppose one set of feelings or one part of the mind to interpret another? |
1726 | Could he have pretended to cite from a well- known writing what was not to be found there? |
1726 | Did Protagoras merely mean to assert the relativity of knowledge to the human mind? |
1726 | Did you ever hear that too? |
1726 | Do we not seem to perceive instinctively and as an act of sense the differences of articulate speech and of musical notes? |
1726 | Do you agree? |
1726 | Do you know the original principle on which the doctrine of Protagoras is based?'' |
1726 | Do you see, Theaetetus, the bearings of this tale on the preceding argument? |
1726 | Do you suppose that what is one is ever to be found among non- existing things? |
1726 | Does it differ as subject and object in the same manner? |
1726 | Does not explanation appear to be of this nature? |
1726 | EUCLID: Have you only just arrived from the country, Terpsion? |
1726 | Even in sleep, did you ever imagine that odd was even? |
1726 | For an objection occurs to him:--May there not be errors where there is no confusion of mind and sense? |
1726 | For how can the exchange of two kinds of knowledge ever become false opinion? |
1726 | For how can we know a compound of which the simple elements are unknown to us? |
1726 | For if the Heraclitean flux is extended to every sort of change in every instant of time, how can any thought or word be detained even for an instant? |
1726 | For must not opinion be equally expressed in a proposition? |
1726 | He asks whether a man can know and not know at the same time? |
1726 | How can a man understand the name of anything, when he does not know the nature of it? |
1726 | How can you or any one maintain the contrary? |
1726 | How is this? |
1726 | How will Protagoras answer this argument? |
1726 | I dare say that you agree with me, do you not? |
1726 | I have, I fear, a tedious way of putting a simple question, which is only, whether a man who has learned, and remembers, can fail to know? |
1726 | I hope, Theodorus, that I am not betrayed into rudeness by my love of conversation? |
1726 | I suppose, Theodorus, that you have never seen them in time of peace, when they discourse at leisure to their disciples? |
1726 | I will endeavour, however, to explain what I believe to be my meaning: When you speak of cobbling, you mean the art or science of making shoes? |
1726 | I will make my meaning clearer by an example:--You admit that there is an art of arithmetic? |
1726 | If all that exists in time is illusion, we may well ask with Plato,''What becomes of the mind?'' |
1726 | In what does this differ from the saying of Theaetetus? |
1726 | Is he to be reared in any case, and not exposed? |
1726 | Is it not one which would task the powers of men perfect in every way? |
1726 | Is it not so? |
1726 | Is not the world full of men in their several employments, who are looking for teachers and rulers of themselves and of the animals? |
1726 | Is not this a"reductio ad absurdum"of the hypothesis that knowledge is sensible perception? |
1726 | Is the introspecting thought the same with the thought which is introspected? |
1726 | Is the mind active or passive, or partly both? |
1726 | Is there any stopping in the act of seeing and hearing? |
1726 | Is there only one kind of motion, or, as I rather incline to think, two? |
1726 | Is there some other form of knowledge which distinguishes them? |
1726 | Let us grant what you say-- then, according to you, he who takes ignorance will have a false opinion-- am I right? |
1726 | Man, he says, is the measure of all things, of the existence of things that are, and of the non- existence of things that are not:--You have read him? |
1726 | Must he not be talking''ad captandum''in all this? |
1726 | Must he not see, hear, or touch some one existing thing? |
1726 | Nay, not even in sleep, did you ever venture to say to yourself that odd is even, or anything of the kind? |
1726 | O Theaetetus, are not these speculations sweet as honey? |
1726 | O Theodorus, do you think that there is any use in proceeding when the danger is so great? |
1726 | Once more then, Theaetetus, I repeat my old question--"What is knowledge?" |
1726 | Once more, then, Theaetetus, I repeat my old question,''What is knowledge?'' |
1726 | Or again, if we see letters which we do not understand, shall we say that we do not see them? |
1726 | Or are they both right?--he will have a heat and fever in his own judgment, and not have a fever in the physician''s judgment? |
1726 | Or did any man in his senses ever fancy that an ox was a horse, or that two are one? |
1726 | Or did he mean to deny that there is an objective standard of truth? |
1726 | Or where is the spectator having any right to censure or control us, as he might the poets? |
1726 | Or would he admit that a man is one at all, and not rather many and infinite as the changes which take place in him? |
1726 | Or would he hesitate to acknowledge that the same man may know and not know the same thing? |
1726 | Or would you say that a whole, although formed out of the parts, is a single notion different from all the parts? |
1726 | Or, if he is afraid of making this admission, would he ever grant that one who has become unlike is the same as before he became unlike? |
1726 | Plato discards both figures, as not really solving the question which to us appears so simple:''How do we make mistakes?'' |
1726 | Rather would it not be true that it never appears exactly the same to you, because you are never exactly the same? |
1726 | SOCRATES: According to this new view, the whole is supposed to differ from all? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Again, in speaking of all( in the plural) is there not one thing which we express? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Again, the number of the acre and the acre are the same; are they not? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Am I talking nonsense, then? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And I dare say too, or rather I am absolutely certain, that the midwives know better than others who is pregnant and who is not? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And I who am the patient, and that which is the agent, will produce something different in each of the two cases? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And also that different combinations will produce results which are not the same, but different? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And another and another? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And are you still in labour and travail, my dear friend, or have you brought all that you have to say about knowledge to the birth? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And astronomy and harmony and calculation? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And by wisdom the wise are wise? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And can a man attain truth who fails of attaining being? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And can he who misses the truth of anything, have a knowledge of that thing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And did you find such a class? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And do we mean by a syllable two letters, or if there are more, all of them, or a single idea which arises out of the combination of them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And do you mean by conceiving, the same which I mean? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And do you not remember that in your case and in that of others this often occurred in the process of learning to read? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And do you suppose that with women the case is otherwise? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And does he not allow that his own opinion is false, if he admits that the opinion of those who think him false is true? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And does not he who thinks some one thing, think something which is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And does not he who thinks, think some one thing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And does not my art show that you have brought forth wind, and that the offspring of your brain are not worth bringing up? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And does she not perceive the hardness of that which is hard by the touch, and the softness of that which is soft equally by the touch? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And have you never heard, simpleton, that I am the son of a midwife, brave and burly, whose name was Phaenarete? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And he can reckon abstract numbers in his head, or things about him which are numerable? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And he who hears anything, hears some one thing, and hears that which is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And he who thinks of nothing, does not think at all? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And he who touches anything, touches something which is one and therefore is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And how about Protagoras himself? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if any one were to ask you: With what does a man see black and white colours? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if he closed his eyes, would he forget? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if our recent definition holds, every man knows that which he has seen? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if they are to be in motion, and nothing is to be devoid of motion, all things must always have every sort of motion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if unlike, they are other? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And if we found that he was, we should take his word; and if not, not? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And in each form of expression we spoke of all the six? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And in like manner be may enumerate without knowing them the second and third and fourth syllables of your name? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And in that case, when he knows the order of the letters and can write them out correctly, he has right opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is Theodorus a painter? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is he an astronomer and calculator and musician, and in general an educated man? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is it not shameless when we do not know what knowledge is, to be explaining the verb''to know''? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is memory of something or of nothing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is not a whole likewise that from which nothing is absent? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is not the bodily habit spoiled by rest and idleness, but preserved for a long time by motion and exercise? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is not this also the reason why they are simple and indivisible? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is that different in any way from knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is the discovery of the nature of knowledge so small a matter, as just now said? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And is truth or falsehood to be determined by duration of time? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And may not the same be said of madness and other disorders? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And must therefore be admitted to be unlike? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And of true opinion also? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And seeing is knowing, and therefore not- seeing is not- knowing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And so, when the question is asked, What is knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And that I myself practise midwifery? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And that both are two and each of them one? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And that either of them is different from the other, and the same with itself? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And that is six? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And that which he does not know will sometimes not be perceived by him and sometimes will be perceived and only perceived? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And the army is the number of the army; and in all similar cases, the entire number of anything is the entire thing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And the number of each is the parts of each? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And the number of the stadium in like manner is the stadium? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And the race of animals is generated in the same way? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And the truth of Protagoras being doubted by all, will be true neither to himself to any one else? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And therefore not in science or knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And they are moved in both those ways which we distinguished, that is to say, they move in place and are also changed? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And to reckon is simply to consider how much such and such a number amounts to? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And to which class would you refer being or essence; for this, of all our notions, is the most universal? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And what name would you give to seeing, hearing, smelling, being cold and being hot? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And what of the mental habit? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of perceptions, such as sight and hearing, or any other kind of perception? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And when you speak of carpentering, you mean the art of making wooden implements? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And who could take up arms against such a great army having Homer for its general, and not appear ridiculous? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you call the two processes by the same name, when there is so great a difference between them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you not say that persuading them is making them have an opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you not say the same of Socrates sleeping and waking, or in any of the states which we were mentioning? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you say that all and the whole are the same, or different? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you say the same of the noble and base, and of good and evil? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And would you say this also of like and unlike, same and other? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And you allow and maintain that true opinion, combined with definition or rational explanation, is knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And you would admit that there is such a thing as memory? |
1726 | SOCRATES: And, in order to avoid this, we suppose it to be different from them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Attend to what follows: must not the perfect arithmetician know all numbers, for he has the science of all numbers in his mind? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But all the parts are admitted to be the all, if the entire number is the all? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But although we admit that he has right opinion, he will still be without knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But can he be ignorant of either singly and yet know both together? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But can you certainly determine by any other means which of these opinions is true? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But if it be one and indivisible, then the syllables and the letters are alike undefined and unknown, and for the same reason? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But if letters are not parts of syllables, can you tell me of any other parts of syllables, which are not letters? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But is a part a part of anything but the whole? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But is the aim attained always? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But is there any parallel to this? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But may not the following be the description of what we express by this name? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But must not the mind, or thinking power, which misplaces them, have a conception either of both objects or of one of them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But surely he can not suppose what he knows to be what he does not know, or what he does not know to be what he knows? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But then, my boy, how can any one contend that knowledge is perception, or that to every man what appears is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But through what do you perceive all this about them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But were we not saying that when a thing has parts, all the parts will be a whole and all? |
1726 | SOCRATES: But when I am sick, the wine really acts upon another and a different person? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Can a man see something and yet see nothing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Capital; and what followed? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Do you hear, Theaetetus, what Theodorus says? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Do you see another question which can be raised about these phenomena, notably about dreaming and waking? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Does he not say that things are to you such as they appear to you, and to me such as they appear to me, and that you and I are men? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Either together or in succession? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Exactly; and I want you to consider whether this does not imply that the twelve in the waxen block are supposed to be eleven? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Excellent; but then, how did he distinguish between things which are and are not''knowable''? |
1726 | SOCRATES: He knows, that is, the S and O? |
1726 | SOCRATES: He then who sees some one thing, sees something which is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: He who knows, can not but know; and he who does not know, can not know? |
1726 | SOCRATES: He will certainly not think that he has a false opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: He will think that his opinion is true, and he will fancy that he knows the things about which he has been deceived? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Herein lies the difficulty which I can never solve to my satisfaction-- What is knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: How about sounds and colours: in the first place you would admit that they both exist? |
1726 | SOCRATES: How can the exchange of one knowledge for another ever become false opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: How then, Protagoras, would you have us treat the argument? |
1726 | SOCRATES: How then, if I never err, and if my mind never trips in the conception of being or becoming, can I fail of knowing that which I perceive? |
1726 | SOCRATES: I think so too; for, suppose that some one asks you to spell the first syllable of my name:--Theaetetus, he says, what is SO? |
1726 | SOCRATES: I wish that you would give me a similar definition of the S. THEAETETUS: But how can any one, Socrates, tell the elements of an element? |
1726 | SOCRATES: If a man has both of them in his thoughts, he can not think that the one of them is the other? |
1726 | SOCRATES: If they only moved in place and were not changed, we should be able to say what is the nature of the things which are in motion and flux? |
1726 | SOCRATES: If you have any thought about both of them, this common perception can not come to you, either through the one or the other organ? |
1726 | SOCRATES: If, then, anything happens to become like or unlike itself or another, when it becomes like we call it the same-- when unlike, other? |
1726 | SOCRATES: In both cases you define the subject matter of each of the two arts? |
1726 | SOCRATES: In the first place, I should like to ask what you learn of Theodorus: something of geometry, perhaps? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Is he a geometrician? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Is it still worth our while to resume the discussion touching opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: It is possible then upon your view for the mind to conceive of one thing as another? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Let me offer an illustration: Suppose that a person were to ask about some very trivial and obvious thing-- for example, What is clay? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Let us take them and put them to the test, or rather, test ourselves:--What was the way in which we learned letters? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Let us take you and me, or anything as an example:--There is Socrates in health, and Socrates sick-- Are they like or unlike? |
1726 | SOCRATES: May we not pursue the image of the doves, and say that the chase after knowledge is of two kinds? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Neither, if he has one of them only in his mind and not the other, can he think that one is the other? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Nor of any other science? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Of things learned and perceived, that is? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Often a man remembers that which he has seen? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Once more we shall have to begin, and ask''What is knowledge?'' |
1726 | SOCRATES: Or that anything appears the same to you as to another man? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Perception would be the collective name of them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Quite true, Theaetetus, and therefore, according to our present view, a syllable must surely be some indivisible form? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Shall I tell you the reason? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Shall I tell you, Theodorus, what amazes me in your acquaintance Protagoras? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Shall we say that we know every thing which we see and hear? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Tell me, now-- How in that case could I have formed a judgment of you any more than of any one else? |
1726 | SOCRATES: That is good news; whose son is he? |
1726 | SOCRATES: That is of six? |
1726 | SOCRATES: That was my reason for asking how we ought to speak when an arithmetician sets about numbering, or a grammarian about reading? |
1726 | SOCRATES: The wine which I drink when I am in health, appears sweet and pleasant to me? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then as many things as have parts are made up of parts? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then do we not come back to the old difficulty? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then false opinion has no existence in us, either in the sphere of being or of knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then he who does not know what science or knowledge is, has no knowledge of the art or science of making shoes? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then he who thinks of that which is not, thinks of nothing? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then he will think that he has captured knowledge and not ignorance? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then in predicating the word''all''of things measured by number, we predicate at the same time a singular and a plural? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then is not the syllable in the same case as the elements or letters, if it has no parts and is one form? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then it must appear so to each of them? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then motion is a good, and rest an evil, to the soul as well as to the body? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then no one can think that which is not, either as a self- existent substance or as a predicate of something else? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then now let me ask the awful question, which is this:--Can a man know and also not know that which he knows? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then now we may admit the existence of false opinion in us? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then now, Theaetetus, take another view of the subject: you answered that knowledge is perception? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then perception is always of existence, and being the same as knowledge is unerring? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then perception, Theaetetus, can never be the same as knowledge or science? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then right opinion implies the perception of differences? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then the whole is not made up of parts, for it would be the all, if consisting of all the parts? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then they must be distinguished? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then to think falsely is different from thinking that which is not? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then when any one thinks of one thing as another, he is saying to himself that one thing is another? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then when we were asked what is knowledge, we no more answered what is knowledge than what is not knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then wisdom and knowledge are the same? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then you and Theodorus mean to say that we must look at the matter in some other way? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then, I suppose, my friend, that we have been so far right in our idea about knowledge? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Then, if that which acts upon me has relation to me and to no other, I and no other am the percipient of it? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Thus, then, the assertion that knowledge and perception are one, involves a manifest impossibility? |
1726 | SOCRATES: We have at length satisfactorily proven beyond a doubt there are these two sorts of opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, and shall we do as he says? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, and what is the difficulty? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, and what is the meaning of the term''explanation''? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, but are we to assert that what you think is true to you and false to the ten thousand others? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, but have we been right in maintaining that the syllables can be known, but not the letters? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, but is there any difference between all( in the plural) and the all( in the singular)? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, but will you not be equally inclined to disagree with him, when you remember your own experience in learning to read? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Well, may not a man''possess''and yet not''have''knowledge in the sense of which I am speaking? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Were we not saying that there are agents many and infinite, and patients many and infinite? |
1726 | SOCRATES: What definition will be most consistent with our former views? |
1726 | SOCRATES: What shall we say then? |
1726 | SOCRATES: What was it? |
1726 | SOCRATES: What was that, Theaetetus? |
1726 | SOCRATES: What, then, shall we say of adding reason or explanation to right opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Where, then, is false opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Whereas the other side do not admit that they speak falsely? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Which is probably correct-- for how can there be knowledge apart from definition and true opinion? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Which, as we say, has no part in the attainment of truth any more than of being? |
1726 | SOCRATES: Wisdom; are not men wise in that which they know? |
1726 | SOCRATES: You can further observe whether they are like or unlike one another? |
1726 | SOCRATES: You have heard the common explanation of the verb''to know''? |
1726 | Shall I answer for him? |
1726 | Shall I explain this matter to you or to Theaetetus? |
1726 | Shall we say that the opinions of men are always true, or sometimes true and sometimes false? |
1726 | Shall we say, that although he knows, he comes back to himself to learn what he already knows? |
1726 | Such are the lawyers; will you have the companion picture of philosophers? |
1726 | TERPSION: The dysentery, you mean? |
1726 | TERPSION: The prophecy has certainly been fulfilled; but what was the conversation? |
1726 | TERPSION: Was he alive or dead? |
1726 | TERPSION: Where then? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: About what? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: And do you not agree in that view, Socrates? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: And how would you amend the former statement? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: And is not that, Socrates, nobly said? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: And was that wrong? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: And why should that be shameless? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: As for example, Socrates...? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: But if you avoid these expressions, Socrates, how will you ever argue at all? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: But what puts you out of heart? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Can you give me any example of such a definition? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How can he? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How could it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How do the two expressions differ? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How is that, and what profession do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How so? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: How? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: I am glad to hear it, Socrates; but what if he was only in jest? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: I should call all of them perceiving-- what other name could be given to them? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: I should reply S and O. SOCRATES: That is the definition which you would give of the syllable? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: In what manner? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Let us imagine such an aviary-- and what is to follow? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Pray what is it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Tell me; what were you going to say just now, when you asked the question? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Then what is colour? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: To what are you alluding? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What are they? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What experience? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What hostages? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What is it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What is that? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What makes you say so? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What makes you say so? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What question? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What was it? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: What? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Who indeed, Socrates? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Who, Socrates, would dare to say so? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: Why? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: You mean that I mistook the letters and misspelt the syllables? |
1726 | THEAETETUS: You mean to compare Socrates in health as a whole, and Socrates in sickness as a whole? |
1726 | THEODORUS: How could I fail to observe all that, Socrates? |
1726 | THEODORUS: How shall we answer, Theaetetus? |
1726 | THEODORUS: How so? |
1726 | THEODORUS: In what is the difference seen? |
1726 | THEODORUS: In what way? |
1726 | THEODORUS: Well, but is not Theaetetus better able to follow a philosophical enquiry than a great many men who have long beards? |
1726 | THEODORUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1726 | THEODORUS: What do you mean? |
1726 | THEODORUS: What is it? |
1726 | THEODORUS: What is that? |
1726 | THEODORUS: Who indeed? |
1726 | Tell me, then, are not the organs through which you perceive warm and hard and light and sweet, organs of the body? |
1726 | Tell me, then, what do you think of the notion that"All things are becoming"?'' |
1726 | Tell me, then, whether I am right in saying that you may learn a thing which at one time you did not know? |
1726 | The mind, when occupied by herself with being, is said to have opinion-- shall we say that''Knowledge is true opinion''? |
1726 | The multitude may not and do not agree in Protagoras''own thesis that''Man is the measure of all things;''and then who is to decide? |
1726 | They would say, as I imagine-- Can that which is wholly other than something, have the same quality as that from which it differs? |
1726 | Think: is not seeing perceiving, and is not sight perception? |
1726 | Upon his own showing must not his''truth''depend on the number of suffrages, and be more or less true in proportion as he has more or fewer of them? |
1726 | Was that the form in which the dream appeared to you? |
1726 | We are often told that we should enquire into all things before we accept them;--with what limitations is this true? |
1726 | Weary of asking''What is truth?'' |
1726 | Well, you ask, and how will Protagoras reinforce his position? |
1726 | Were not you and Theodorus just now remarking very truly, that in discussions of this kind we may take our own time? |
1726 | What are we to say in reply, Theaetetus? |
1726 | What are we to think of time and space? |
1726 | What do they mean when they say that all things are in motion? |
1726 | What say you? |
1726 | What say you? |
1726 | What then is knowledge? |
1726 | What then is knowledge? |
1726 | What then is knowledge? |
1726 | When he says that''knowledge is in perception,''with what does he perceive? |
1726 | Who can divide the nerves or great nervous centres from the mind which uses them? |
1726 | Who can resist an idea which is presented to him in a general form in every moment of his life and of which he finds no instance to the contrary? |
1726 | Who can separate the pains and pleasures of the mind from the pains and pleasures of the body? |
1726 | Who is our judge? |
1726 | Who is the judge or where is the spectator, having a right to control us?'' |
1726 | Why should we not go a step further still and doubt the existence of the senses of all things? |
1726 | Why should we single out one of these abstractions to be the a priori condition of all the others? |
1726 | Will you answer me a question:''Is not learning growing wiser about that which you learn?'' |
1726 | Will you have the companion picture of the philosopher, who is of our brotherhood; or shall we return to the argument? |
1726 | Without further preface, but at the same time apologizing for his eagerness, he asks,''What is knowledge?'' |
1726 | Would an untrained man, for example, be as likely to know when he is going to have a fever, as the physician who attended him? |
1726 | Yes; but did you observe that Protagoras bade me be serious, and complained of our getting up a laugh against him with the aid of a boy? |
1726 | You remember? |
1726 | and another, and another? |
1726 | and of what sort do you mean? |
1726 | and yet, Theaetetus, what are we going to do? |
1726 | and, first of all, are we right in saying that syllables have a definition, but that letters have no definition? |
1726 | can you tell me? |
1726 | do not mistakes often happen? |
1726 | for example, shall we say that not having learned, we do not hear the language of foreigners when they speak to us? |
1726 | for what reason? |
1726 | here are six dice; they are more than four and less than twelve;"more and also less,"would you not say?'' |
1726 | or hear and hear nothing? |
1726 | or shall we aver that, seeing them, we must know them? |
1726 | or shall we say that we not only hear, but know what they are saying? |
1726 | or the one which he does not know to be the one which he knows? |
1726 | or touch and touch nothing? |
1726 | or will this be too much of a digression? |
1726 | or will you bear to see him rejected, and not get into a passion if I take away your first- born? |
1726 | or, if he knows neither of them, can he think that the one which he knows not is another which he knows not? |
1726 | or, if he knows one and not the other, can he think the one which he knows to be the one which he does not know? |
1726 | the sound of words or the sight of letters in a foreign tongue?'' |
1726 | what is temperance? |
1726 | which of us will speak first? |
1687 | ''And can they hear the dialogue?'' |
1687 | ''And do you suppose the individual to partake of the whole, or of the part?'' |
1687 | ''And of human beings like ourselves, of water, fire, and the like?'' |
1687 | ''And what kind of discipline would you recommend?'' |
1687 | ''And who will answer me? |
1687 | ''And would you like to say that the ideas are really divisible and yet remain one?'' |
1687 | ''And would you make abstract ideas of the just, the beautiful, the good?'' |
1687 | ''And would you say that each man is covered by the whole sail, or by a part only?'' |
1687 | ''But how can individuals participate in ideas, except in the ways which I have mentioned?'' |
1687 | ''But must not the thought be of something which is the same in all and is the idea? |
1687 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1687 | ''I quite believe you,''said Socrates;''but will you answer me a question? |
1687 | ''If God is, what follows? |
1687 | ''In the same sort of way,''said Parmenides,''as a sail, which is one, may be a cover to many-- that is your meaning?'' |
1687 | ''Then how do you know that there are things in themselves?'' |
1687 | ''Then the beautiful and the good in their own nature are unknown to us?'' |
1687 | ''Then the ideas have parts, and the objects partake of a part of them only?'' |
1687 | ''Then will you, Zeno?'' |
1687 | ''Welcome, Cephalus: can we do anything for you in Athens?'' |
1687 | ''What difficulty?'' |
1687 | ''What is that?'' |
1687 | ''Why not of the whole?'' |
1687 | ''Yet if these difficulties induce you to give up universal ideas, what becomes of the mind? |
1687 | Again, how far can one touch itself and the others? |
1687 | Again, is the not- one part of the one; or rather, would it not in that case partake of the one? |
1687 | Again, let us conceive of a one which by an effort of abstraction we separate from being: will this abstract one be one or many? |
1687 | Again, of the parts of the one, if it is-- I mean being and one-- does either fail to imply the other? |
1687 | Again, the like is opposed to the unlike? |
1687 | Am I not right? |
1687 | And a multitude implies a number larger than one? |
1687 | And all the parts are contained by the whole? |
1687 | And all these others we shall affirm to be parts of the whole and of the one, which, as soon as the end is reached, has become whole and one? |
1687 | And also in other things? |
1687 | And also of one? |
1687 | And are not things of a different kind also other in kind? |
1687 | And are not things other in kind unlike? |
1687 | And as it becomes one and many, must it not inevitably experience separation and aggregation? |
1687 | And because having limits, also having extremes? |
1687 | And being of equal parts with itself, it will be numerically equal to itself; and being of more parts, more, and being of less, less than itself? |
1687 | And being one and many and in process of becoming and being destroyed, when it becomes one it ceases to be many, and when many, it ceases to be one? |
1687 | And can that which has no participation in being, either assume or lose being? |
1687 | And can there be individual thoughts which are thoughts of nothing? |
1687 | And can you think of anything else which is between them other than equality? |
1687 | And change is motion-- we may say that? |
1687 | And could we hear it? |
1687 | And did we not mean by becoming, and being destroyed, the assumption of being and the loss of being? |
1687 | And do not''will be,''''will become,''''will have become,''signify a participation of future time? |
1687 | And do we not say that the others being other than the one are not one and have no part in the one? |
1687 | And do you remember that the older becomes older than that which becomes younger? |
1687 | And does this strange thing in which it is at the time of changing really exist? |
1687 | And each kind of absolute knowledge will answer to each kind of absolute being? |
1687 | And greatness and smallness always stand apart? |
1687 | And has not- being also, if it is not? |
1687 | And have we not already shown that it can not be in anything? |
1687 | And if I speak of being and the other, or of the one and the other,--in any such case do I not speak of both? |
1687 | And if all number participates in being, every part of number will also participate? |
1687 | And if any one of them is wanting to anything, will that any longer be a whole? |
1687 | And if each of them is one, then by the addition of any one to any pair, the whole becomes three? |
1687 | And if neither more nor less, then in a like degree? |
1687 | And if the world partakes in the ideas, and the ideas are thoughts, must not all things think? |
1687 | And if there are not two, there is no contact? |
1687 | And if there are two there must also be twice, and if there are three there must be thrice; that is, if twice one makes two, and thrice one three? |
1687 | And if there be such a thing as participation in absolute knowledge, no one is more likely than God to have this most exact knowledge? |
1687 | And if they are unlike the one, that which they are unlike will clearly be unlike them? |
1687 | And if this is so, does any number remain which has no necessity to be? |
1687 | And if to the two a third be added in due order, the number of terms will be three, and the contacts two? |
1687 | And in either case, the one would be many, and not one? |
1687 | And in such particles the others will be other than one another, if others are, and the one is not? |
1687 | And in that it was other it was shown to be like? |
1687 | And in this way, the one, if it has being, has turned out to be many? |
1687 | And inequality implies greatness and smallness? |
1687 | And is each of these parts-- one and being-- to be simply called a part, or must the word''part''be relative to the word''whole''? |
1687 | And is it or does it become a longer time than itself or an equal time with itself? |
1687 | And is not time always moving forward? |
1687 | And is not''other''a name given to a thing? |
1687 | And is the one a part of itself? |
1687 | And it is older( is it not?) |
1687 | And it will also be like and unlike itself and the others? |
1687 | And it would seem that number can be predicated of them if each of them appears to be one, though it is really many? |
1687 | And may not all things partake of both opposites, and be both like and unlike, by reason of this participation?--Where is the wonder? |
1687 | And must not that which is correctly called both, be also two? |
1687 | And not having the same measures, the one can not be equal either with itself or with another? |
1687 | And of two things how can either by any possibility not be one? |
1687 | And parts, as we affirm, have relation to a whole? |
1687 | And sameness has been shown to be of a nature distinct from oneness? |
1687 | And shall we say that the lesser or the greater is the first to come or to have come into existence? |
1687 | And since we affirm that we speak truly, we must also affirm that we say what is? |
1687 | And since we have at this moment opinion and knowledge and perception of the one, there is opinion and knowledge and perception of it? |
1687 | And so all being, whatever we think of, must be broken up into fractions, for a particle will have to be conceived of without unity? |
1687 | And so the one, if it is, must be infinite in multiplicity? |
1687 | And so the other things will be younger than the one, and the one older than other things? |
1687 | And so when he says''If one is not''he clearly means, that what''is not''is other than all others; we know what he means-- do we not? |
1687 | And surely there can not be a time in which a thing can be at once neither in motion nor at rest? |
1687 | And that is the one? |
1687 | And that which contains, is a limit? |
1687 | And that which has parts will be as many as the parts are? |
1687 | And that which is ever in the same, must be ever at rest? |
1687 | And that which is of the same age, is neither older nor younger? |
1687 | And that which is older is older than that which is younger? |
1687 | And that which is older, must always be older than something which is younger? |
1687 | And the absolute natures or kinds are known severally by the absolute idea of knowledge? |
1687 | And the assuming of being is what you would call becoming? |
1687 | And the one has been proved both to be and not to be? |
1687 | And the one is all its parts, and neither more nor less than all? |
1687 | And the one is other than the others in the same degree that the others are other than it, and neither more nor less? |
1687 | And the one is the whole? |
1687 | And the one was also shown to be the same with the others? |
1687 | And the other to the same? |
1687 | And the relinquishing of being you would call destruction? |
1687 | And the straight is that of which the centre intercepts the view of the extremes? |
1687 | And there is and was and will be something which is in relation to it and belongs to it? |
1687 | And there will seem to be odd and even among them, which will also have no reality, if one is not? |
1687 | And therefore is and is not in the same state? |
1687 | And therefore neither smallness, nor greatness, nor equality, can be attributed to it? |
1687 | And therefore not other than itself? |
1687 | And therefore other things can neither be like or unlike, the same, or different in relation to it? |
1687 | And they are unequal to an unequal? |
1687 | And things that are not equal are unequal? |
1687 | And three are odd, and two are even? |
1687 | And thus the one can neither be the same, nor other, either in relation to itself or other? |
1687 | And to be the same with the others is the opposite of being other than the others? |
1687 | And we have not got the idea of knowledge? |
1687 | And we said that it could not be in itself, and could not be in other? |
1687 | And we surely can not say that what is truly one has parts? |
1687 | And what are its relations to other things? |
1687 | And what are the relations of the one to the others? |
1687 | And what is a whole? |
1687 | And what is the nature of this exercise, Parmenides, which you would recommend? |
1687 | And what of that? |
1687 | And what shall be our first hypothesis, if I am to attempt this laborious pastime? |
1687 | And when being in motion it rests, and when being at rest it changes to motion, it can surely be in no time at all? |
1687 | And when it becomes greater or less or equal it must grow or diminish or be equalized? |
1687 | And when two things are alike, must they not partake of the same idea? |
1687 | And when we put them together shortly, and say''One is,''that is equivalent to saying,''partakes of being''? |
1687 | And when we say that a thing is not, do we mean that it is not in one way but is in another? |
1687 | And when you say it once, you mention that of which it is the name? |
1687 | And whenever it becomes like and unlike it must be assimilated and dissimilated? |
1687 | And who will answer me? |
1687 | And will not all things that are not one, be other than the one, and the one other than the not- one? |
1687 | And will not knowledge-- I mean absolute knowledge-- answer to absolute truth? |
1687 | And will not that of which the two partake, and which makes them alike, be the idea itself? |
1687 | And will not the something which is apprehended as one and the same in all, be an idea? |
1687 | And will not the things which participate in the one, be other than it? |
1687 | And will there not be many particles, each appearing to be one, but not being one, if one is not? |
1687 | And would you make an idea of man apart from us and from all other human creatures, or of fire and water? |
1687 | And would you say that the whole sail includes each man, or a part of it only, and different parts different men? |
1687 | And yet, surely, the one was shown to have parts; and if parts, then a beginning, middle and end? |
1687 | And you may say the name once or oftener? |
1687 | And''is,''or''becomes,''signifies a participation of present time? |
1687 | And, further, if not moved in any way, it will not be altered in any way? |
1687 | And, indeed, the very supposition of this is absurd, for how can that which is, be devoid of being? |
1687 | Because every part is part of a whole; is it not? |
1687 | But are there any modes of partaking of being other than these? |
1687 | But as I must attempt this laborious game, what shall be the subject? |
1687 | But as to its becoming older and younger than the others, and the others than the one, and neither older nor younger, what shall we say? |
1687 | But can all this be true about the one? |
1687 | But can all this be true? |
1687 | But can anything which is in a certain state not be in that state without changing? |
1687 | But can it partake of being when not partaking of being, or not partake of being when partaking of being? |
1687 | But can one be in many places and yet be a whole? |
1687 | But can smallness be equal to anything or greater than anything, and have the functions of greatness and equality and not its own functions? |
1687 | But does one partake of time? |
1687 | But for that which partakes of nothing to partake of two things was held by us to be impossible? |
1687 | But having no parts, it will be neither straight nor round? |
1687 | But how can not- being, which is nowhere, move or change, either from one place to another or in the same place? |
1687 | But how can that which does not partake of sameness, have either the same measures or have anything else the same? |
1687 | But if anything is other than anything, will it not be other than other? |
1687 | But if it be not altered it can not be moved? |
1687 | But if it becomes or is for an equal time with itself, it is of the same age with itself? |
1687 | But if it is at all and so long as it is, it must be one, and can not be none? |
1687 | But if one is, and both odd and even numbers are implied in one, must not every number exist? |
1687 | But if one is, what happens to the others, which in the first place are not one, yet may partake of one in a certain way? |
1687 | But if one is, what will happen to the others-- is not that also to be considered? |
1687 | But if the one moved in place, must it not either move round and round in the same place, or from one place to another? |
1687 | But if the one neither suffers alteration, nor turns round in the same place, nor changes place, can it still be capable of motion? |
1687 | But if the whole is neither in one, nor in more than one, nor in all of the parts, it must be in something else, or cease to be anywhere at all? |
1687 | But if there be only one, and not two, there will be no contact? |
1687 | But if they are not other, either by reason of themselves or of the other, will they not altogether escape being other than one another? |
1687 | But is the contradiction also the final conclusion? |
1687 | But is the one other than one? |
1687 | But may not the ideas, asked Socrates, be thoughts only, and have no proper existence except in our minds, Parmenides? |
1687 | But neither can the one be in anything, as we affirm? |
1687 | But perhaps the motion of the one consists in change of place? |
1687 | But reflect:--Can one, in its entirety, be in many places at the same time? |
1687 | But since it is not equal to the others, neither can the others be equal to it? |
1687 | But since the one partakes of time, and partakes of becoming older and younger, must it not also partake of the past, the present, and the future? |
1687 | But surely if it is nowhere among what is, as is the fact, since it is not, it can not change from one place to another? |
1687 | But that which is never in the same place is never quiet or at rest? |
1687 | But that which is not admits of no attribute or relation? |
1687 | But the ideas themselves, as you admit, we have not, and can not have? |
1687 | But the one did not partake of those affections? |
1687 | But the one, as appears, never being affected otherwise, is never unlike itself or other? |
1687 | But then, again, a beginning and an end are the limits of everything? |
1687 | But then, that which contains must be other than that which is contained? |
1687 | But then, will God, having absolute knowledge, have a knowledge of human things? |
1687 | But to speak of the others implies difference-- the terms''other''and''different''are synonymous? |
1687 | But we said that things which are neither parts nor wholes of one another, nor other than one another, will be the same with one another:--so we said? |
1687 | But what do you say to a new point of view? |
1687 | But when do all these changes take place? |
1687 | But why do you ask?'' |
1687 | But why? |
1687 | But, again, assume the opposite hypothesis, that the one is not, and what is the consequence? |
1687 | But, again, the middle will be equidistant from the extremes; or it would not be in the middle? |
1687 | But, consider:--Are not the absolute same, and the absolute other, opposites to one another? |
1687 | But, surely, it ought to be one and not many? |
1687 | But, surely, that which is must always be somewhere? |
1687 | But, then, what is to become of philosophy? |
1687 | Can the one have come into being contrary to its own nature, or is that impossible? |
1687 | Can there be any other mode of participation? |
1687 | Do not the words''is not''signify absence of being in that to which we apply them? |
1687 | Do they participate in the ideas, or do they merely resemble them? |
1687 | Do you see my meaning? |
1687 | Do you see then, Socrates, how great is the difficulty of affirming the ideas to be absolute? |
1687 | Does not this hypothesis necessarily imply that one is of such a nature as to have parts? |
1687 | Does the one also partake of time? |
1687 | For all which reasons the one touches and does not touch itself and the others? |
1687 | For can anything be a whole without these three? |
1687 | Further, inasmuch as the parts are parts of a whole, the one, as a whole, will be limited; for are not the parts contained by the whole? |
1687 | Further, it must surely in a sort partake of being? |
1687 | Further-- is the one equal and unequal to itself and others? |
1687 | Here is the great though unconscious truth( shall we say?) |
1687 | How can he have ever persisted in them after seeing the fatal objections which might be urged against them? |
1687 | How can he have placed himself so completely without them? |
1687 | How can it? |
1687 | How can there be? |
1687 | How can they be? |
1687 | How can we conceive Him under the forms of time and space, who is out of time and space? |
1687 | How can we imagine His relation to the world or to ourselves? |
1687 | How could they investigate causes, when they had not as yet learned to distinguish between a cause and an end? |
1687 | How could they make any progress in the sciences without first arranging them? |
1687 | How could they? |
1687 | How do you mean? |
1687 | How do you mean? |
1687 | How do you mean? |
1687 | How do you mean? |
1687 | How get rid of such forms and see Him as He is? |
1687 | How is that? |
1687 | How is that? |
1687 | How is that? |
1687 | How is that? |
1687 | How not? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How so? |
1687 | How then can one, being of this nature, be either older or younger than anything, or have the same age with it? |
1687 | How then, without a word of explanation, could Plato assign to them the refutation of their own tenets? |
1687 | How, while mankind were disputing about universals, could they classify phenomena? |
1687 | How? |
1687 | How? |
1687 | I may take as an illustration the case of names: You give a name to a thing? |
1687 | If God is not, what follows?'' |
1687 | If it be co- extensive with the one it will be co- equal with the one, or if containing the one it will be greater than the one? |
1687 | If one is not, we ask what will happen in respect of one? |
1687 | If one is, being must be predicated of it? |
1687 | If one is, he said, the one can not be many? |
1687 | If then it be neither other, nor a whole, nor a part in relation to itself, must it not be the same with itself? |
1687 | If there are three and twice, there is twice three; and if there are two and thrice, there is thrice two? |
1687 | If, then, smallness is present in the one it will be present either in the whole or in a part of the whole? |
1687 | In all that you say have you any other purpose except to disprove the being of the many? |
1687 | In the first place, the others will not be one? |
1687 | In this way-- you may speak of being? |
1687 | In what way? |
1687 | In what way? |
1687 | In what way? |
1687 | Is it or does it become older or younger than they? |
1687 | Is it or does it become older or younger than they? |
1687 | Is not that true? |
1687 | Is that your meaning, or have I misunderstood you? |
1687 | Is there a difference only, or rather are not the two expressions-- if the one is not, and if the not one is not, entirely opposed? |
1687 | Is there any of these which is a part of being, and yet no part? |
1687 | Is this true of becoming as well as being? |
1687 | It can not therefore experience the sort of motion which is change of nature? |
1687 | It is otherwise with the objection which follows: How are we to bridge the chasm between human truth and absolute truth, between gods and men? |
1687 | Just as in a picture things appear to be all one to a person standing at a distance, and to be in the same state and alike? |
1687 | Let us see:--Must not the being of one be other than one? |
1687 | May we say, in Platonic language, that we still seem to see vestiges of a track which has not yet been taken? |
1687 | Must it not be of a single something, which the thought recognizes as attaching to all, being a single form or nature? |
1687 | Must not the one be distinct from the others, and the others from the one? |
1687 | Nor as like or unlike? |
1687 | Nor can it turn on the same spot, for it nowhere touches the same, for the same is, and that which is not can not be reckoned among things that are? |
1687 | Nor can knowledge, or opinion, or perception, or expression, or name, or any other thing that is, have any concern with it? |
1687 | Nor can we say that it stands, if it is nowhere; for that which stands must always be in one and the same spot? |
1687 | Nor is there any existing thing which can be attributed to it; for if there had been, it would partake of being? |
1687 | Nor yet likeness nor difference, either in relation to itself or to others? |
1687 | Now that which is unmoved must surely be at rest, and that which is at rest must stand still? |
1687 | Now there can not possibly be anything which is not included in the one and the others? |
1687 | Of something which is or which is not? |
1687 | Once more, Is one equal and unequal to itself and the others? |
1687 | Once more, can one be older or younger than itself or other? |
1687 | Once more, if one is not, what becomes of the others? |
1687 | Once more, let us ask the question, If one is not, what happens in regard to one? |
1687 | Once more, let us inquire, If the one is not, and the others of the one are, what follows? |
1687 | One then, as would seem, is neither at rest nor in motion? |
1687 | One, then, alone is one, and two do not exist? |
1687 | Or can thought be without thought?'' |
1687 | Other means other than other, and different, different from the different? |
1687 | Parmenides proceeded: And would you also make absolute ideas of the just and the beautiful and the good, and of all that class? |
1687 | Secondly, the others differ from it, or it could not be described as different from the others? |
1687 | Shall I begin with myself, and take my own hypothesis the one? |
1687 | Shall I propose the youngest? |
1687 | Shall I propose the youngest? |
1687 | Shall we say as of being so also of becoming, or otherwise? |
1687 | Since it is not a part in relation to itself it can not be related to itself as whole to part? |
1687 | Since then what is partakes of not- being, and what is not of being, must not the one also partake of being in order not to be? |
1687 | So that the other is not the same-- either with the one or with being? |
1687 | Suppose the first; it will be either co- equal and co- extensive with the whole one, or will contain the one? |
1687 | The expression''is not''implies negation of being:--do we mean by this to say that a thing, which is not, in a certain sense is? |
1687 | The one itself, then, having been broken up into parts by being, is many and infinite? |
1687 | The one then, being of this nature, is of necessity both at rest and in motion? |
1687 | The one then, since it in no way is, can not have or lose or assume being in any way? |
1687 | The one was shown to be in itself which was a whole? |
1687 | The one, then, becoming and being the same time with itself, neither is nor becomes older or younger than itself? |
1687 | The one, then, will be equal to and greater and less than itself and the others? |
1687 | The theory, then, that other things participate in the ideas by resemblance, has to be given up, and some other mode of participation devised? |
1687 | The thought must be of something? |
1687 | Then I will begin again, and ask: If one is not, what are the consequences? |
1687 | Then being is distributed over the whole multitude of things, and nothing that is, however small or however great, is devoid of it? |
1687 | Then can the motion of the one be in place? |
1687 | Then do you think that the whole idea is one, and yet, being one, is in each one of the many? |
1687 | Then each individual partakes either of the whole of the idea or else of a part of the idea? |
1687 | Then everything which is and is not in a certain state, implies change? |
1687 | Then if one is not, the others neither are, nor can be conceived to be either one or many? |
1687 | Then if one is, number must also be? |
1687 | Then if the one is neither greater nor less than the others, it can not either exceed or be exceeded by them? |
1687 | Then in respect of any kind of motion the one is immoveable? |
1687 | Then in what way, Socrates, will all things participate in the ideas, if they are unable to participate in them either as parts or wholes? |
1687 | Then it can not be like another, or like itself? |
1687 | Then it can not move by changing place? |
1687 | Then it does not partake of time, and is not in any time? |
1687 | Then it has the greatest number of parts? |
1687 | Then it is never in the same? |
1687 | Then it is not altered at all; for if it were it would become and be destroyed? |
1687 | Then it will not be the same with other, or other than itself? |
1687 | Then its coming into being in anything is still more impossible; is it not? |
1687 | Then let us begin again, and ask, If one is, what must be the affections of the others? |
1687 | Then may we not sum up the argument in a word and say truly: If one is not, then nothing is? |
1687 | Then neither does the one touch the others, nor the others the one, if there is no contact? |
1687 | Then none of the ideas are known to us, because we have no share in absolute knowledge? |
1687 | Then not by virtue of being one will it be other? |
1687 | Then not only the one which has being is many, but the one itself distributed by being, must also be many? |
1687 | Then now we have spoken of either of them? |
1687 | Then one can not be anywhere, either in itself or in another? |
1687 | Then one can not be older or younger, or of the same age, either with itself or with another? |
1687 | Then one is never in the same place? |
1687 | Then shall we say that the one, being in this relation to the not- one, is the same with it? |
1687 | Then since the one becomes older than itself, it becomes younger at the same time? |
1687 | Then smallness can not be in the whole of one, but, if at all, in a part only? |
1687 | Then that which becomes older than itself must also, at the same time, become younger than itself? |
1687 | Then that which has greatness and smallness also has equality, which lies between them? |
1687 | Then that which is one is both a whole and has a part? |
1687 | Then the inference is that it would touch both? |
1687 | Then the least is the first? |
1687 | Then the nature of the beautiful in itself, and of the good in itself, and all other ideas which we suppose to exist absolutely, are unknown to us? |
1687 | Then the one always both is and becomes older and younger than itself? |
1687 | Then the one and the others are never in the same? |
1687 | Then the one attaches to every single part of being, and does not fail in any part, whether great or small, or whatever may be the size of it? |
1687 | Then the one being always itself in itself and other, must always be both at rest and in motion? |
1687 | Then the one can never be so affected as to be the same either with another or with itself? |
1687 | Then the one can not have parts, and can not be a whole? |
1687 | Then the one can not possibly partake of being? |
1687 | Then the one can not touch itself any more than it can be two? |
1687 | Then the one has been shown to be at once in itself and in another? |
1687 | Then the one if it has being is one and many, whole and parts, having limits and yet unlimited in number? |
1687 | Then the one is always becoming older than itself, since it moves forward in time? |
1687 | Then the one is not at all? |
1687 | Then the one is younger than itself, when in becoming older it reaches the present? |
1687 | Then the one must have likeness to itself? |
1687 | Then the one partakes of inequality, and in respect of this the others are unequal to it? |
1687 | Then the one that is not has no condition of any kind? |
1687 | Then the one that is not is altered and is not altered? |
1687 | Then the one that is not, since it in no way partakes of being, neither perishes nor becomes? |
1687 | Then the one that is not, stands still, and is also in motion? |
1687 | Then the one was and is and will be, and was becoming and is becoming and will become? |
1687 | Then the one will be equal both to itself and the others? |
1687 | Then the one will be other than the others? |
1687 | Then the one will have unlikeness in respect of which the others are unlike it? |
1687 | Then the one will never be either like or unlike itself or other? |
1687 | Then the one will not be in the others as a whole, nor as part, if it be separated from the others, and has no parts? |
1687 | Then the one will partake of figure, either rectilinear or round, or a union of the two? |
1687 | Then the one would have parts and would be many, if it partook either of a straight or of a circular form? |
1687 | Then the one, being moved, is altered? |
1687 | Then the one, being of this nature, can not be in time at all; for must not that which is in time, be always growing older than itself? |
1687 | Then the one, having neither beginning nor end, is unlimited? |
1687 | Then the one, if it is not, can not turn in that in which it is not? |
1687 | Then the one, if it is not, clearly has being? |
1687 | Then the one, if it is to touch itself, ought to be situated next to itself, and occupy the place next to that in which itself is? |
1687 | Then the one, if of such a nature, has greatness and smallness? |
1687 | Then the one, since it partakes of being, partakes of time? |
1687 | Then the one, which is not, partakes, as would appear, of greatness and smallness and equality? |
1687 | Then the other will never be either in the not- one, or in the one? |
1687 | Then the others are both like and unlike themselves and one another? |
1687 | Then the others are neither one nor two, nor are they called by the name of any number? |
1687 | Then the others neither are nor contain two or three, if entirely deprived of the one? |
1687 | Then there is always something between them? |
1687 | Then there is no name, nor expression, nor perception, nor opinion, nor knowledge of it? |
1687 | Then there is no way in which the others are one, or have in themselves any unity? |
1687 | Then there is no way in which the others can partake of the one, if they do not partake either in whole or in part? |
1687 | Then they are separated from each other? |
1687 | Then they have no number, if they have no one in them? |
1687 | Then we can not suppose that there is anything different from them in which both the one and the others might exist? |
1687 | Then we must say that the one which is not never stands still and never moves? |
1687 | Then we will begin at the beginning:--If one is, can one be, and not partake of being? |
1687 | Then will the same ever be in the other, or the other in the same? |
1687 | Then will they not appear to be like and unlike? |
1687 | Then will you, Zeno? |
1687 | Then would you like to say, Socrates, that the one idea is really divisible and yet remains one? |
1687 | Then, if the individuals of the pair are together two, they must be severally one? |
1687 | Then, if the one is to remain one, it will not be a whole, and will not have parts? |
1687 | Then, if there are to be others, there is something than which they will be other? |
1687 | Then, in either case, the one would be made up of parts; both as being a whole, and also as having parts? |
1687 | Then, in so far as the one that is not is moved, it is altered, but in so far as it is not moved, it is not altered? |
1687 | Then, that which is not can not be, or in any way participate in being? |
1687 | There are two, and twice, and therefore there must be twice two; and there are three, and there is thrice, and therefore there must be thrice three? |
1687 | There is a natural realism which says,''Can there be a word devoid of meaning, or an idea which is an idea of nothing?'' |
1687 | There is an ethical universal or idea, but is there also a universal of physics?--of the meanest things in the world as well as of the greatest? |
1687 | They do so then as multitudes in which the one is not present? |
1687 | Thus the one that is not has been shown to have motion also, because it changes from being to not- being? |
1687 | Thus, then, as appears, the one will be other than itself? |
1687 | Thus, then, the one becomes older as well as younger than itself? |
1687 | Two things, then, at the least are necessary to make contact possible? |
1687 | We mean to say, that being has not the same significance as one? |
1687 | We say that the one partakes of being and therefore it is? |
1687 | We say that we have to work out together all the consequences, whatever they may be, which follow, if the one is? |
1687 | Welcome, Cephalus, said Adeimantus, taking me by the hand; is there anything which we can do for you in Athens? |
1687 | Well, and do we suppose that one can be older, or younger than anything, or of the same age with it? |
1687 | Well, and if nothing should be attributed to it, can other things be attributed to it? |
1687 | Well, and must not a beginning or any other part of the one or of anything, if it be a part and not parts, being a part, be also of necessity one? |
1687 | Well, and ought we not to consider next what will be the consequence if the one is not? |
1687 | Well, and when I speak of being and one, I speak of them both? |
1687 | Well, but do not the expressions''was,''and''has become,''and''was becoming,''signify a participation of past time? |
1687 | Well, said Parmenides, and what do you say of another question? |
1687 | Well, then, if anything be other than anything, will it not be other than that which is other? |
1687 | What difficulty? |
1687 | What direction? |
1687 | What do you mean, Parmenides? |
1687 | What do you mean? |
1687 | What do you mean? |
1687 | What do you mean? |
1687 | What is it? |
1687 | What is the meaning of the hypothesis-- If the one is not; is there any difference between this and the hypothesis-- If the not one is not? |
1687 | What may that be? |
1687 | What of that? |
1687 | What question? |
1687 | What thing? |
1687 | What would you say of another question? |
1687 | What? |
1687 | When does motion become rest, or rest motion? |
1687 | When then does it change; for it can not change either when at rest, or when in motion, or when in time? |
1687 | Whenever, then, you use the word''other,''whether once or oftener, you name that of which it is the name, and to no other do you give the name? |
1687 | Where shall I begin? |
1687 | Whither shall we turn, if the ideas are unknown? |
1687 | Why not, Parmenides? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why not? |
1687 | Why so? |
1687 | Why, because the round is that of which all the extreme points are equidistant from the centre? |
1687 | Yes, he said, and the name of our brother, Antiphon; but why do you ask? |
1687 | Yet once more; if one is not, what becomes of the others? |
1687 | You mean to say, that if I were to spread out a sail and cover a number of men, there would be one whole including many-- is not that your meaning? |
1687 | and consider the consequences which follow on the supposition either of the being or of the not- being of one? |
1687 | and is this your own distinction?'' |
1687 | and when more than once, is it something else which you mention? |
1687 | and where are the reasoning and reflecting powers? |
1687 | for the one is not being, but, considered as one, only partook of being? |
1687 | for the same whole can not do and suffer both at once; and if so, one will be no longer one, but two? |
1687 | is the one wanting to being, or being to the one? |
1687 | or do we mean absolutely to deny being of it? |
1687 | or do we mean, absolutely, that what is not has in no sort or way or kind participation of being? |
1687 | or must it always be the same thing of which you speak, whether you utter the name once or more than once? |
1687 | or of the same age with itself or other? |
1687 | would not that of which no part is wanting be a whole? |
1672 | ''And do you think that a man who is unable to help himself is in a good condition?'' |
1672 | ''But is not rhetoric a fine thing?'' |
1672 | ''But what part?'' |
1672 | ''Certainly,''he will answer,''for is not health the greatest good? |
1672 | ''Do you mean to say that the rhetoricians are esteemed flatterers?'' |
1672 | ''Health first, beauty next, wealth third,''in the words of the old song, or how would you rank them? |
1672 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1672 | ''What is cookery?'' |
1672 | ''What is rhetoric?'' |
1672 | ''What is the art of Rhetoric?'' |
1672 | ''What is the use of coming to you, Gorgias?'' |
1672 | ''Who is Gorgias?'' |
1672 | ''Who knows,''as Euripides says,''whether life may not be death, and death life?'' |
1672 | ''Why will you continue splitting words? |
1672 | ''Why, have they not great power, and can they not do whatever they desire?'' |
1672 | ), with the making of garments? |
1672 | All this is a hindrance to them; there are the clothes of the judges and the clothes of the judged.--What is to be done? |
1672 | Am I not right Callicles? |
1672 | Am I not right in my recollection? |
1672 | Am I not right? |
1672 | And I am going to ask-- what is this power of persuasion which is given by rhetoric, and about what? |
1672 | And I would have you observe, that I am right in asking this further question: If I asked,''What sort of a painter is Zeuxis?'' |
1672 | And I would still ask, whether you say that pleasure and good are the same, or whether there is some pleasure which is not a good? |
1672 | And as Callicles is about to enter public life, should we not examine him? |
1672 | And do you consider wealth to be the greatest good of man? |
1672 | And do you mean to say also that if he meets with retribution and punishment he will still be happy? |
1672 | And if he asked again:''What is the art of calculation?'' |
1672 | And if he further said,''Concerned with what?'' |
1672 | And is not the soul which has an order of her own better than that which has no order? |
1672 | And is not the virtue of each thing dependent on order or arrangement? |
1672 | And is the pleasant to be pursued for the sake of the good? |
1672 | And must he not be courageous? |
1672 | And of harp- playing and dithyrambic poetry in general, what would you say? |
1672 | And suppose, again, I were to say that astronomy is only words-- he would ask,''Words about what, Socrates?'' |
1672 | And that is pleasant at the presence of which we are pleased, and that is good at the presence of which we are good? |
1672 | And that which is orderly is temperate? |
1672 | And that which makes a thing good is the proper order inhering in each thing? |
1672 | And the soul which has order is orderly? |
1672 | And the temperate soul is good? |
1672 | And then he will be sure to go on and ask,''What good? |
1672 | And then he would proceed to ask:''Words about what?'' |
1672 | And to be itching and always scratching? |
1672 | And to indulge unnatural desires, if they are abundantly satisfied? |
1672 | And we are good, and all good things whatever are good when some virtue is present in us or them? |
1672 | And what do you say of that other rhetoric which addresses the Athenian assembly and the assemblies of freemen in other states? |
1672 | And what is my sort? |
1672 | And what knowledge can be nobler? |
1672 | And when I ask, Who are you? |
1672 | And who are you? |
1672 | And will not the temperate man do what is proper, both in relation to the gods and to men;--for he would not be temperate if he did not? |
1672 | And yet there is an inconsistency: for should not Socrates too have taught the citizens better than to put him to death? |
1672 | And yet, on your principle, what justice or reason is there in your refusal? |
1672 | And you would admit that to drink, when you are thirsty, is pleasant? |
1672 | Are the superior and better and stronger the same or different? |
1672 | Are you disposed to admit that? |
1672 | Are you of the same opinion still? |
1672 | As we likewise enquire, What will become of them after death? |
1672 | At your age, Socrates, are you not ashamed to be catching at words and chuckling over some verbal slip? |
1672 | Both the wise man and the brave man we allow to be good? |
1672 | But I shall not tell him whether rhetoric is a fine thing or not, until I have first answered,''What is rhetoric?'' |
1672 | But do you really suppose that I or any other human being denies that some pleasures are good and others bad? |
1672 | But if there were no future, might he not still be happy in the performance of an action which was attended only by a painful death? |
1672 | But if we, Polus, are right, do you see what follows, or shall we draw out the consequences in form? |
1672 | But is he as ignorant of just and unjust as he is of medicine or building? |
1672 | But is not virtue something different from saving and being saved? |
1672 | But please to refresh my memory a little; did you say--''in an unjust attempt to make himself a tyrant''? |
1672 | But tell me, Gorgias, what are the best? |
1672 | But to return to our argument:--Does not a man cease from thirsting and from the pleasure of drinking at the same moment? |
1672 | But what do you mean by the better? |
1672 | But what reason is there in this? |
1672 | But where are the orators among whom you find the latter? |
1672 | But who would undertake a public building, if he had never had a teacher of the art of building, and had never constructed a building before? |
1672 | But why, if I have a suspicion, do I ask instead of telling you? |
1672 | But, my good friend, where is the refutation? |
1672 | CALLICLES: And do you think, Socrates, that a man who is thus defenceless is in a good position? |
1672 | CALLICLES: And is not that just the provoking thing? |
1672 | CALLICLES: And what difference does that make? |
1672 | CALLICLES: And what does our friend Socrates, of Foxton, say-- does he assent to this, or not? |
1672 | CALLICLES: And you are the man who can not speak unless there is some one to answer? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Are you not ashamed, Socrates, of introducing such topics into the argument? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Can not you finish without my help, either talking straight on, or questioning and answering yourself? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Do you want me to agree with you? |
1672 | CALLICLES: I suppose that you mean health and strength? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Quite so, Socrates; and they are really fools, for how can a man be happy who is the servant of anything? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Tell me, Chaerephon, is Socrates in earnest, or is he joking? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Well, but how does that prove Pericles''badness? |
1672 | CALLICLES: What do you mean by his''ruling over himself''? |
1672 | CALLICLES: What do you mean? |
1672 | CALLICLES: What do you mean? |
1672 | CALLICLES: What is the matter, Chaerephon-- does Socrates want to hear Gorgias? |
1672 | CALLICLES: What is your meaning, Socrates? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Why not give the name yourself, Socrates? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Why? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Yes, I do; but what is the inference? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Yes, but why talk of men who are good for nothing? |
1672 | CALLICLES: Yes, certainly; but what is your drift? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: And do you, Polus, think that you can answer better than Gorgias? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: And if he had the skill of Aristophon the son of Aglaophon, or of his brother Polygnotus, what ought we to call him? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: Then we should be right in calling him a physician? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: What do you mean? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: What question? |
1672 | CHAEREPHON: What shall I ask him? |
1672 | Can anything be more irrational, my friends, than this? |
1672 | Consider:--You would say that to suffer punishment is another name for being justly corrected when you do wrong? |
1672 | Could he be said to regard even their pleasure? |
1672 | Did he perform with any view to the good of his hearers? |
1672 | Did not the very persons whom he was serving ostracize him, in order that they might not hear his voice for ten years? |
1672 | Did they employ these advantages with a view to philosophy, gathering from every nature some addition to their store of knowledge? |
1672 | Did you not say, that suffering wrong was more evil, and doing wrong more disgraceful? |
1672 | Do I make any impression on you, and are you coming over to the opinion that the orderly are happier than the intemperate? |
1672 | Do I not convince you that the opposite is the truth? |
1672 | Do they suppose that the rule of justice is the rule of the stronger or of the better?'' |
1672 | Do we not often hear the novel writer censured for attempting to convey a lesson to the minds of his readers? |
1672 | Do you know any other effect of rhetoric over and above that of producing persuasion? |
1672 | Do you laugh, Polus? |
1672 | Do you mean that your art produces the greatest good? |
1672 | Do you not agree? |
1672 | Do you say''Yes''or''No''to that? |
1672 | Do you understand? |
1672 | Does Callicles agree to this division? |
1672 | Does not that appear to be an art which seeks only pleasure, Callicles, and thinks of nothing else? |
1672 | Does not the art of making money? |
1672 | Does not the art of medicine? |
1672 | For all our life long we are talking with ourselves:--What is thought but speech? |
1672 | For do not we too accuse as well as excuse ourselves? |
1672 | For on what principle of justice did Xerxes invade Hellas, or his father the Scythians? |
1672 | For that would not be right, Polus; but I shall be happy to answer, if you will ask me, What part of flattery is rhetoric? |
1672 | For will any one ever acknowledge that he does not know, or can not teach, the nature of justice? |
1672 | For you were saying just now that the courageous and the wise are the good-- would you not say so? |
1672 | For, first, you defined the superior to be the stronger, and then the wiser, and now something else;--what DO you mean? |
1672 | GORGIAS: A part of what, Socrates? |
1672 | GORGIAS: Then why not ask him yourself? |
1672 | GORGIAS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1672 | GORGIAS: What is coming, Socrates? |
1672 | GORGIAS: What matter? |
1672 | GORGIAS: Yes, I know the song; but what is your drift? |
1672 | Have I not told you that the superior is the better?'' |
1672 | Have they not been invented wholly for the sake of pleasure? |
1672 | Have they not very great power in states? |
1672 | Have we not already admitted many times over that such is the duty of a public man? |
1672 | How are they to be? |
1672 | How is the inconsistency to be explained? |
1672 | How then can pleasure be the same as good, or pain as evil? |
1672 | How will you answer them? |
1672 | How would Gorgias explain this phenomenon? |
1672 | I mean to ask whether a man will escape injustice if he has only the will to escape, or must he have provided himself with the power? |
1672 | I mean to say-- Does he who teaches anything persuade men of that which he teaches or not? |
1672 | I mean, for example, that if a man strikes, there must be something which is stricken? |
1672 | I was saying that to do is worse than to suffer injustice? |
1672 | If we admit what has been just now said, every man ought in every way to guard himself against doing wrong, for he will thereby suffer great evil? |
1672 | In the first division the question is asked-- What is rhetoric? |
1672 | In the first place, what say you of flute- playing? |
1672 | Is not suffering injustice a greater evil? |
1672 | Is not that true? |
1672 | Is not this a fact? |
1672 | Is not this true? |
1672 | Is not this, as they say, to begin with the big jar when you are learning the potter''s art; which is a foolish thing? |
1672 | Is that the paradox which, as you say, can not be refuted? |
1672 | Is the final result, that he gets rid of them both together? |
1672 | Is there any comparison between him and the pleader? |
1672 | Is this true? |
1672 | Look at the matter in this way:--In respect of a man''s estate, do you see any greater evil than poverty? |
1672 | May I ask then whether you will answer in turn and have your words put to the proof? |
1672 | May I assume this to be your opinion? |
1672 | May not the service of God, which is the more disinterested, be in like manner the higher? |
1672 | Might not the novelist, too, make an ideal, or rather many ideals of social life, better than a thousand sermons? |
1672 | Must not the defence be one which will avert the greatest of human evils? |
1672 | Must not the very opposite be true,--if he is to be like the tyrant in his injustice, and to have influence with him? |
1672 | Must we not try and make them as good as possible? |
1672 | Nay, did not Pericles make the citizens worse? |
1672 | Nay, will he not rather do all the evil which he can and escape? |
1672 | No other answer can I give, Callicles dear; have you any? |
1672 | Or do I fail to persuade you, and, however many tales I rehearse to you, do you continue of the same opinion still? |
1672 | Or must the pupil know these things and come to you knowing them before he can acquire the art of rhetoric? |
1672 | Or will you be unable to teach him rhetoric at all, unless he knows the truth of these things first? |
1672 | Or would you venture to say, that they too are happy, if they only get enough of what they want? |
1672 | Ought he not to have the name which is given to his brother? |
1672 | Ought the physician then to have a larger share of meats and drinks? |
1672 | POLUS: An experience in what? |
1672 | POLUS: And I should say neither I, nor any man: would you yourself, for example, suffer rather than do injustice? |
1672 | POLUS: And are the good rhetoricians meanly regarded in states, under the idea that they are flatterers? |
1672 | POLUS: And are those of whom I spoke wretches? |
1672 | POLUS: And can not you tell at once, and without having an acquaintance with him, whether a man is happy? |
1672 | POLUS: And do even you, Socrates, seriously believe what you are now saying about rhetoric? |
1672 | POLUS: And do you think that he is happy or miserable? |
1672 | POLUS: And if able to gratify others, must not rhetoric be a fine thing? |
1672 | POLUS: And is not that a great power? |
1672 | POLUS: And noble or ignoble? |
1672 | POLUS: And so you think that he who slays any one whom he pleases, and justly slays him, is pitiable and wretched? |
1672 | POLUS: Ask:-- CHAEREPHON: My question is this: If Gorgias had the skill of his brother Herodicus, what ought we to call him? |
1672 | POLUS: At any rate you will allow that he who is unjustly put to death is wretched, and to be pitied? |
1672 | POLUS: But do you not think, Socrates, that you have been sufficiently refuted, when you say that which no human being will allow? |
1672 | POLUS: But is it the greatest? |
1672 | POLUS: But they do what they think best? |
1672 | POLUS: Did I not hear you say that rhetoric was a sort of experience? |
1672 | POLUS: Does rhetoric seem to you to be an experience? |
1672 | POLUS: How can that be, Socrates? |
1672 | POLUS: How not regarded? |
1672 | POLUS: How two questions? |
1672 | POLUS: I will ask and do you answer? |
1672 | POLUS: I will ask; and do you answer me, Socrates, the same question which Gorgias, as you suppose, is unable to answer: What is rhetoric? |
1672 | POLUS: In either case is he not equally to be envied? |
1672 | POLUS: In what? |
1672 | POLUS: Of what profession? |
1672 | POLUS: Then are cookery and rhetoric the same? |
1672 | POLUS: Then clearly, Socrates, you would say that you did not even know whether the great king was a happy man? |
1672 | POLUS: Then surely they do as they will? |
1672 | POLUS: Then what, in your opinion, is rhetoric? |
1672 | POLUS: Then would you rather suffer than do injustice? |
1672 | POLUS: Then you would not wish to be a tyrant? |
1672 | POLUS: Then, according to your doctrine, the said Archelaus is miserable? |
1672 | POLUS: Were you not saying just now that he is wretched? |
1672 | POLUS: What do you mean, Socrates? |
1672 | POLUS: What do you mean? |
1672 | POLUS: What do you mean? |
1672 | POLUS: What does that matter if I answer well enough for you? |
1672 | POLUS: What makes you say so, Socrates? |
1672 | POLUS: What sort of an art is cookery? |
1672 | POLUS: What then? |
1672 | POLUS: What thing? |
1672 | POLUS: Why''forbear''? |
1672 | POLUS: Why, did I not say that it was the noblest of arts? |
1672 | POLUS: Why, have you not already said that they do as they think best? |
1672 | POLUS: Will you enumerate them? |
1672 | POLUS: You are hard of refutation, Socrates, but might not a child refute that statement? |
1672 | POLUS: You see, I presume, that Archelaus the son of Perdiccas is now the ruler of Macedonia? |
1672 | Perhaps, however, you do not even now understand what I mean? |
1672 | Polus asks,''What thing?'' |
1672 | SOCRATES: A useful thing, then? |
1672 | SOCRATES: About that you and I may be supposed to agree? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Again, if we take the arts of which we were just now speaking:--do not arithmetic and the arithmeticians teach us the properties of number? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Again, in a man''s bodily frame, you would say that the evil is weakness and disease and deformity? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Although he is not a physician:--is he? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And I affirm that he is most miserable, and that those who are punished are less miserable-- are you going to refute this proposition also? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And a foolish man too? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And according to the argument the rhetorician must be a just man? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are not all things either good or evil, or intermediate and indifferent? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are not just men gentle, as Homer says?--or are you of another mind? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are not these pleasures or goods present to those who rejoice-- if they do rejoice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are only the cowards pained at the approach of their enemies, or are the brave also pained? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are they equally pained? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are they not better pleased at the enemy''s departure? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are we late for a feast? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And are we to say that you are able to make other men rhetoricians? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And as for the Muse of Tragedy, that solemn and august personage-- what are her aspirations? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And deformity or disgrace may be equally measured by the opposite standard of pain and evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And did you ever see a sensible man rejoicing or sorrowing? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And did you never see a foolish child rejoicing? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do not the poets in the theatres seem to you to be rhetoricians? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do not those who rightly punish others, punish them in accordance with a certain rule of justice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do you call the fools and cowards good men? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do you mean by the better the same as the superior? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do you not imagine that the soul likewise has some evil of her own? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And do you, Callicles, seriously maintain what you are saying? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And does he have and not have good and happiness, and their opposites, evil and misery, in a similar alternation? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And does not gymnastic also treat of discourse concerning the good or evil condition of the body? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And does not the same argument hold of the soul, my good sir? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And does not the same hold in all other cases? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And further, that to suffer punishment is the way to be released from this evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he has the second place, who is delivered from vice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he is to be thirsting and drinking? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he may have strength and weakness in the same way, by fits? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who has joy is good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who has learned medicine is a physician, in like manner? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who has learned music a musician? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who is in pain is evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who is just may be supposed to do what is just? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And he who punishes rightly, punishes justly? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if a man burns, there is something which is burned? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if he burns in excess or so as to cause pain, the thing burned will be burned in the same way? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if he cuts, the same argument holds-- there will be something cut? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if he is hungry, or has any other desire, does he not cease from the desire and the pleasure at the same moment? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if pleasantly, then also happily? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if the cutting be great or deep or such as will cause pain, the cut will be of the same nature? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if the most disgraceful, then also the worst? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if the striker strikes violently or quickly, that which is struck will be struck violently or quickly? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if they were more savage, must they not have been more unjust and inferior? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And if what is honourable, then what is good, for the honourable is either pleasant or useful? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And in pain? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And in the same way there are good pains and there are evil pains? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And in the same way, he who has learned what is just is just? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And in the sentence which you have just uttered, the word''thirsty''implies pain? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And in this way he will have accomplished, as you and your friends would say, the end of becoming a great man and not suffering injury? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is he not then delivered from the greatest evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is not that the sort of thing, Callicles, which we were just now describing as flattery? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is not the same true of all similar arts, as, for example, the art of playing the lyre at festivals? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is not this universally true? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is the''having learned''the same as''having believed,''and are learning and belief the same things? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And is this notion true of one soul, or of two or more? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And it has been proved to be true? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And justice punishes us, and makes us more just, and is the medicine of our vice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And justice, if the best, gives the greatest pleasure or advantage or both? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And may not the same be said of the beauty of knowledge? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And most disgraceful either because most painful and causing excessive pain, or most hurtful, or both? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And music is concerned with the composition of melodies? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And must not the just man always desire to do what is just? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And must we not have the same end in view in the treatment of our city and citizens? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And not to suffer, is to perpetuate the evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And now injustice and all evil in the soul has been admitted by us to be most disgraceful? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And now let us have from you, Gorgias, the truth about rhetoric: which you would admit( would you not?) |
1672 | SOCRATES: And now, which will you do, ask or answer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And of two deformed things, that which exceeds in deformity or disgrace, exceeds either in pain or evil-- must it not be so? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And ought not the better to have a larger share? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And ought we not to choose and use the good pleasures and pains? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And punishment is an evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And since they are superior, the laws which are made by them are by nature good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And suffering implies an agent? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And that is now discovered to be more evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And that which exceeds most in hurtfulness will be the greatest of evils? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And that which is just has been admitted to be honourable? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the beneficial are those which do some good, and the hurtful are those which do some evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the foolish man and the coward to be evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the foolish; so it would seem? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the greater disgrace is the greater evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the one which had pleasure in view was just a vulgar flattery:--was not that another of our conclusions? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the other had in view the greatest improvement of that which was ministered to, whether body or soul? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the reason for asking this second question would be, that there are other painters besides, who paint many other figures? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the same is true of a ship? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the same may be said of the human body? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the suffering to him who is stricken is of the same nature as the act of him who strikes? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And the word''drinking''is expressive of pleasure, and of the satisfaction of the want? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And there is also''having believed''? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And therefore he acts justly? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And therefore persuade us of them? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And therefore to be unjust and intemperate, and cowardly and ignorant, is more painful than to be poor and sick? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And thirst, too, is painful? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And this speech is addressed to a crowd of people? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And this you would call injustice and ignorance and cowardice, and the like? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And those who are in pain have evil or sorrow present with them? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And to restrain her from her appetites is to chastise her? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And to understand that about which they speak? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And to whom do we go with the unjust and intemperate? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And was not Pericles a shepherd of men? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And was not punishment said by us to be a deliverance from the greatest of evils, which is vice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And were you not saying just now, that some courage implied knowledge? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what art frees us from disease? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what art will protect us from suffering injustice, if not wholly, yet as far as possible? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what do you say of doing injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what do you say of his father, Meles the harp- player? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what do you say of the choral art and of dithyrambic poetry?--are not they of the same nature? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what from vice and injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what would you consider this to be? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And what would you say of the soul? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And when he has got rid of his ophthalmia, has he got rid of the health of his eyes too? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And when we kill a man we kill him or exile him or despoil him of his goods, because, as we think, it will conduce to our good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And which of the evils is the most disgraceful?--Is not the most disgraceful of them injustice, and in general the evil of the soul? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And which rejoiced most at the departure of the enemy, the coward or the brave? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And why? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And will not the patient suffer that which the agent does, and will not the suffering have the quality of the action? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And will therefore never be willing to do injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And will you also do me the favour of saying whether man is an animal? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would he be the happier man in his bodily condition, who is healed, or who never was out of health? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you maintain that if a fool does what he thinks best, this is a good, and would you call this great power? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you not allow that all just things are honourable in so far as they are just? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you prefer a greater evil or a greater dishonour to a less one? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you say that courage differed from pleasure? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you say that pleasure and knowledge are the same, or not the same? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And would you still say that the evil are evil by reason of the presence of evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And yet rhetoric makes men able to speak? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And yet those who have learned as well as those who have believed are persuaded? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And you said the opposite? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And you were speaking of courage and knowledge as two things different from one another? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And you would call sounds and music beautiful for the same reason? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And you, like him, invite any one to ask you about anything which he pleases, and you will know how to answer him? |
1672 | SOCRATES: And, therefore, when Pericles first began to speak in the assembly, the Athenians were not so good as when he spoke last? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Are these indifferent things done for the sake of the good, or the good for the sake of the indifferent? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But can every man choose what pleasures are good and what are evil, or must he have art or knowledge of them in detail? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But can you tell me why you disapprove of such a power? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But does he do what he wills if he does what is evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But does not the art of medicine, which we were just now mentioning, also make men able to understand and speak about the sick? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But have not you and the world already agreed that to do injustice is more disgraceful than to suffer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But he does not cease from good and evil at the same moment, as you have admitted: do you still adhere to what you said? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But he surely can not have the same eyes well and sound at the same time? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But if he is to have more power of persuasion than the physician, he will have greater power than he who knows? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But if not in pain, then not in both? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But if there had been no one but Zeuxis who painted them, then you would have answered very well? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But if they were good, then clearly each of them must have made the citizens better instead of worse? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But is the being healed a pleasant thing, and are those who are being healed pleased? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But not the evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But now we are affirming that the aforesaid rhetorician will never have done injustice at all? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But surely the wise and brave are the good, and the foolish and the cowardly are the bad? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But then again, what was the observation which you just now made, about doing and suffering wrong? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But what if the itching is not confined to the head? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But whether rulers or subjects will they or will they not have more than themselves, my friend? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But will he also escape from doing injury? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But will you answer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: But you admitted, that when in pain a man might also have pleasure? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Consider again:--Where there is an agent, must there not also be a patient? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do I understand you to mean what I mean by the term''benefited''? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do men appear to you to will that which they do, or to will that further end for the sake of which they do a thing? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do you mean that you will teach him to gain the ears of the multitude on any subject, and this not by instruction but by persuasion? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do you mean what sort of an art? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do you never hear our professors of education speaking in this inconsistent manner? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Do you see the inference:--that pleasure and pain are simultaneous, when you say that being thirsty, you drink? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Does not a man cease from his thirst and from his pleasure in drinking at the same time? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Enough: And did you ever see a coward in battle? |
1672 | SOCRATES: For in my opinion there is no profit in a man''s life if his body is in an evil plight-- in that case his life also is evil: am I not right? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Go back now to our former admissions.--Did you say that to hunger, I mean the mere state of hunger, was pleasant or painful? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Have the wise man and the fool, the brave and the coward, joy and pain in nearly equal degrees? |
1672 | SOCRATES: I am glad to hear it; answer me in like manner about rhetoric: with what is rhetoric concerned? |
1672 | SOCRATES: I know; but still the actual hunger is painful: am I not right? |
1672 | SOCRATES: I said also that the wicked are miserable, and you refuted me? |
1672 | SOCRATES: I suppose that he is affected by them, and gets rid of them in turns? |
1672 | SOCRATES: I understand you to say, if I am not mistaken, that the honourable is not the same as the good, or the disgraceful as the evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: If then there be anything which a man has and has not at the same time, clearly that can not be good and evil-- do we agree? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Is it not a fact that injustice, and the doing of injustice, is the greatest of evils? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Is not this the conclusion, if the premises are not disproven? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Is that a question or the beginning of a speech? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Justly or unjustly, do you mean? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Laws and institutions also have no beauty in them except in so far as they are useful or pleasant or both? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Listen to me, then, while I recapitulate the argument:--Is the pleasant the same as the good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Men who do any of these things do them for the sake of the good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Must I then say with Epicharmus,''Two men spoke before, but now one shall be enough''? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Nay, I said a part of flattery; if at your age, Polus, you can not remember, what will you do by- and- by, when you get older? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Need I adduce any more instances, or would you agree that all wants or desires are painful? |
1672 | SOCRATES: No matter; then the cowards, and not only the brave, rejoice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Now I want to know about rhetoric in the same way;--is rhetoric the only art which brings persuasion, or do other arts have the same effect? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Now, what art is there which delivers us from poverty? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Of discourse concerning diseases? |
1672 | SOCRATES: On the other hand, if the unjust be not punished, then, according to you, he will be happy? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Or swiftness and slowness? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Say rather, Polus, impossible; for who can refute the truth? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Shall we then assume two sorts of persuasion,--one which is the source of belief without knowledge, as the other is of knowledge? |
1672 | SOCRATES: So then, in mind, body, and estate, which are three, you have pointed out three corresponding evils-- injustice, disease, poverty? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Such treatment will be better for the soul herself? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Surely, then, the just man will never consent to do injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Take the case of any bodily affection:--a man may have the complaint in his eyes which is called ophthalmia? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Tell me, then, when do you say that they are good and when that they are evil-- what principle do you lay down? |
1672 | SOCRATES: That again, Gorgias is ambiguous; I am still in the dark: for which are the greatest and best of human things? |
1672 | SOCRATES: That is to say, he who receives admonition and rebuke and punishment? |
1672 | SOCRATES: That is to say, in evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: That would surely be marvellous and absurd? |
1672 | SOCRATES: The beneficial are good, and the hurtful are evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: The degrees of good and evil vary with the degrees of pleasure and of pain? |
1672 | SOCRATES: The flatterer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: The good and evil both have joy and pain, but, perhaps, the evil has more of them? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then I am to call you a rhetorician? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then I was right in saying that a man may do what seems good to him in a state, and not have great power, and not do what he wills? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then a man may delight a whole assembly, and yet have no regard for their true interests? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then are the good and bad good and bad in a nearly equal degree, or have the bad the advantage both in good and evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then arithmetic as well as rhetoric is an artificer of persuasion? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then doing injustice will have an excess of evil, and will therefore be a greater evil than suffering injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he ceases from pain and pleasure at the same moment? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he is benefited? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he lives worst, who, having been unjust, has no deliverance from injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he who is punished and suffers retribution, suffers justly? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he who is punished is delivered from the evil of his soul? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then he who is punished suffers what is good? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then if great power is a good as you allow, will such a one have great power in a state? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then injustice and intemperance, and in general the depravity of the soul, are the greatest of evils? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then let me raise another question; there is such a thing as''having learned''? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then medicine also treats of discourse? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then pleasure is not the same as good fortune, or pain the same as evil fortune, and therefore the good is not the same as the pleasant? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then poetry is a sort of rhetoric? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then restraint or chastisement is better for the soul than intemperance or the absence of control, which you were just now preferring? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then rhetoric does not treat of all kinds of discourse? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then rhetoric is not the only artificer of persuasion? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the art of money- making frees a man from poverty; medicine from disease; and justice from intemperance and injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the good and the bad are pleased and pained in a nearly equal degree? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the house in which order and regularity prevail is good; that in which there is disorder, evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the laws of the many are the laws of the superior? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the many are by nature superior to the one, against whom, as you were saying, they make the laws? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then the punisher does what is honourable, and the punished suffers what is honourable? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then they are the laws of the better; for the superior class are far better, as you were saying? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then they can only exceed in the other? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then they do not exceed in pain? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then those who rejoice are good when goods are present with them? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then those who rejoice are good, and those who are in pain evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then those who want nothing are not truly said to be happy? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then to which service of the State do you invite me? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then upon this view, Pericles was not a good statesman? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then we have found the reason why there is no dishonour in a man receiving pay who is called in to advise about building or any other art? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then, as this is admitted, let me ask whether being punished is suffering or acting? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then, as would appear, power and art have to be provided in order that we may do no injustice? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then, as you are in earnest, shall we proceed with the argument? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Then, if you approve the question, Gorgias, what is the answer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: There is pleasure in drinking? |
1672 | SOCRATES: To do wrong, then, is second only in the scale of evils; but to do wrong and not to be punished, is first and greatest of all? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Very good, Callicles; but will he answer our questions? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well now, suppose that we strip all poetry of song and rhythm and metre, there will remain speech? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, Polus, but if this is true, where is the great use of rhetoric? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, and is not he who has learned carpentering a carpenter? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, and was not this the point in dispute, my friend? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, but do you admit that the wiser is the better? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, but is there a false knowledge as well as a true? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, if you are willing to proceed, determine this question for me:--There is something, I presume, which you would call knowledge? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Well, my friend, but what do you think of swimming; is that an art of any great pretensions? |
1672 | SOCRATES: What are we to do, then? |
1672 | SOCRATES: What are you saying, Polus? |
1672 | SOCRATES: What events? |
1672 | SOCRATES: What is the name which is given to the effect of harmony and order in the body? |
1672 | SOCRATES: What sort of discourse, Gorgias?--such discourse as would teach the sick under what treatment they might get well? |
1672 | SOCRATES: When you are thirsty? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Which condition may not be really good, but good only in appearance? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Which rejoice and sorrow most-- the wise or the foolish? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Which, then, is the best of these three? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Why then? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Why, did you not say just now that the rhetoricians are like tyrants, and that they kill and despoil or exile any one whom they please? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Will you ask me, what sort of an art is cookery? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Will you understand my answer? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Will you, who are so desirous to gratify others, afford a slight gratification to me? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Wisdom and health and wealth and the like you would call goods, and their opposites evils? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Words which do what? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Would any other man prefer a greater to a less evil? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Would he not be utterly at a loss for a reply? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Yes, I do; and what is the name which you would give to the effect of harmony and order in the soul? |
1672 | SOCRATES: Yes, because the patient is delivered from a great evil; and this is the advantage of enduring the pain-- that you get well? |
1672 | SOCRATES: You further said that the wrong- doer is happy if he be unpunished? |
1672 | SOCRATES: You said also, that no man could have good and evil fortune at the same time? |
1672 | SOCRATES: You were saying, in fact, that the rhetorician will have greater powers of persuasion than the physician even in a matter of health? |
1672 | SOCRATES: You would further admit that there is a good condition of either of them? |
1672 | SOCRATES:--Who are to punish them? |
1672 | Shall I pursue the question? |
1672 | Shall I tell you why I anticipate this? |
1672 | Shall I tell you why I think so? |
1672 | Shall we break off in the middle? |
1672 | Shall we say that? |
1672 | Should we not examine him before we entrusted him with the office? |
1672 | Such are their respective lives:--And now would you say that the life of the intemperate is happier than that of the temperate? |
1672 | Tell me, Callicles, if a person were to ask these questions of you, what would you answer? |
1672 | Tell me, Socrates, are you in earnest, or only in jest? |
1672 | Tell me, then, Callicles, how about making any of the citizens better? |
1672 | Than themselves? |
1672 | The answer depends on another question: What use did the children of Cronos make of their time? |
1672 | Then are not the many superior to the one, and the opinions of the many better? |
1672 | Then these are the points at issue between us-- are they not? |
1672 | There remains the other question: Is a guilty man better off when he is punished or when he is unpunished? |
1672 | This is what I believe that you mean( and you must not suppose that I am word- catching), if you allow that the one is superior to the ten thousand? |
1672 | Though we are not going to banish the poets, how can we suppose that such utterances have any healing or life- giving influence on the minds of men? |
1672 | To him again I shall say, Who are you, honest friend, and what is your business? |
1672 | To what class of things do the words which rhetoric uses relate? |
1672 | Under his protection he will suffer no evil, but will he also do no evil? |
1672 | Was not this said? |
1672 | Was there ever a man who was once vicious, or unjust, or intemperate, or foolish, and became by the help of Callicles good and noble? |
1672 | Was there ever such a man, whether citizen or stranger, slave or freeman? |
1672 | We ask the question, Where were men before birth? |
1672 | We may assume the existence of bodies and of souls? |
1672 | Well, you and I say to him, and are you a creator of wealth? |
1672 | What do you mean? |
1672 | What do you say to this? |
1672 | What do you say? |
1672 | What do you say? |
1672 | What do you suppose that the physician would be able to reply when he found himself in such a predicament? |
1672 | What greater good can men have, Socrates?'' |
1672 | What is feeling but rhetoric? |
1672 | What is to be said about all this? |
1672 | What nonsense are you talking? |
1672 | What part of flattery is rhetoric? |
1672 | What right have you to despise the engine- maker, and the others whom I was just now mentioning? |
1672 | What then distinguishes rhetoric from the other arts which have to do with words? |
1672 | What then is his meaning? |
1672 | When the assembly meets to elect a physician or a shipwright or any other craftsman, will the rhetorician be taken into counsel? |
1672 | Which of the arts then are flatteries? |
1672 | Who is the true poet? |
1672 | Whom did they make better? |
1672 | Whom has he made better? |
1672 | Whom would you say that you had improved by your conversation? |
1672 | Why are you silent, Polus? |
1672 | Why do I say this? |
1672 | Why do you ask me whether rhetoric is a fine thing or not, when I have not as yet told you what rhetoric is? |
1672 | Why do you not answer? |
1672 | Why will you not answer? |
1672 | Will Callicles still maintain this? |
1672 | Will he not rather contrive to do as much wrong as possible, and not be punished? |
1672 | Will the good soul be that in which disorder is prevalent, or that in which there is harmony and order? |
1672 | Will you ask me another question-- What is cookery? |
1672 | Will you keep your promise, and answer shortly the questions which are asked of you? |
1672 | Would he not be a bad manager of any animals who received them gentle, and made them fiercer than they were when he received them? |
1672 | You mean to say that one man of sense ought to rule over ten thousand fools? |
1672 | You say that you can make any man, who will learn of you, a rhetorician? |
1672 | You will admit, I suppose, that good and evil fortune are opposed to each other? |
1672 | and does all happiness consist in this? |
1672 | and was any one else ever known to be cured by him, whether slave or freeman? |
1672 | and you said,''The painter of figures,''should I not be right in asking,''What kind of figures, and where do you find them?'' |
1672 | are they not like tyrants? |
1672 | did you never hear that Themistocles was a good man, and Cimon and Miltiades and Pericles, who is just lately dead, and whom you heard yourself? |
1672 | do you mean that I may not use as many words as I please? |
1672 | do you think that rhetoric is flattery? |
1672 | must he have the power, or only the will to obtain them? |
1672 | my philosopher, is that your line? |
1672 | or the good for the sake of the pleasant? |
1672 | or the weaver to have more coats, or the cobbler larger shoes, or the farmer more seed? |
1672 | or what ignorance more disgraceful than this? |
1672 | or who would undertake the duty of state- physician, if he had never cured either himself or any one else? |
1672 | or would you say that the coward has more? |
1672 | to be one of those arts which act always and fulfil all their ends through the medium of words? |
1672 | will you ask him, Chaerephon--? |
1672 | you mean those fools,--the temperate? |
1750 | ''And do not things which move move in a place, and are not the things which are at rest at rest in a place?'' |
1750 | ''And shall our patience, which was not exhausted in the enquiry about music or drink, fail now that we are discoursing about the Gods? |
1750 | ''And some move or rest in one place and some in more places than one?'' |
1750 | ''And when are all things created and how?'' |
1750 | ''And would he not be right?'' |
1750 | ''But can such a quality be implanted?'' |
1750 | ''But have they any such use?'' |
1750 | ''But have we not often already done so?'' |
1750 | ''But how is the state to educate them when they are as yet unable to understand the meaning of words?'' |
1750 | ''But is there such a drug?'' |
1750 | ''But is this the practice elsewhere than in Crete and Lacedaemon? |
1750 | ''But should all kinds of theft incur the same penalty?'' |
1750 | ''But why offer such an alternative? |
1750 | ''Certainly?'' |
1750 | ''Good: but how can you create it?'' |
1750 | ''How can he?'' |
1750 | ''How can they be, when the very colours of their faces are different?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''How do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''If that is the case, what is to be done?'' |
1750 | ''In what respect?'' |
1750 | ''In what respect?'' |
1750 | ''In what way do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''Of what laws?'' |
1750 | ''Shall we suffer the Stranger, Cleinias, to run down Sparta in this way?'' |
1750 | ''Then how shall we reject some and select others?'' |
1750 | ''Then why speak of such matters?'' |
1750 | ''To what are you referring?'' |
1750 | ''To what are you referring?'' |
1750 | ''True; but what is this marvellous knowledge which youth are to acquire, and of which we are ignorant?'' |
1750 | ''What Cretan or Lacedaemonian would approve of your omitting gymnastic?'' |
1750 | ''What are these divine necessities of knowledge?'' |
1750 | ''What are they?'' |
1750 | ''What are they?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean by cherishing them?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ''What foundation would you lay?'' |
1750 | ''What is he to do then?'' |
1750 | ''What is it?'' |
1750 | ''What is it?'' |
1750 | ''What is that?'' |
1750 | ''What is that?'' |
1750 | ''What is the bearing of that remark?'' |
1750 | ''What is the remedy?'' |
1750 | ''What is their method?'' |
1750 | ''What is your drift?'' |
1750 | ''What makes you say so?'' |
1750 | ''What shall we say or do to such persons?'' |
1750 | ''What will be the best way of accomplishing such an object?'' |
1750 | ''What will they say?'' |
1750 | ''What, the bodies of young infants?'' |
1750 | ''Whom do you mean by the third chorus?'' |
1750 | ''Why do not you and Megillus join us?'' |
1750 | ''Why do you say"improperly"?'' |
1750 | ''Why?'' |
1750 | ''Yes, but how do you apply the figure?'' |
1750 | ''You imply that the regulation of convivial meetings is a part of education; how will you prove this?'' |
1750 | ( ATHENIAN: My good sir, what do you mean?) |
1750 | --how shall we answer the divine men? |
1750 | ; the insipid forms,''What do you mean?'' |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Again; might there not be a judge over these brethren, of whom we were speaking? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Also that they go of their own accord for the sake of the subsequent benefit? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And all the other artists just now mentioned, if they were bidden to offer up each their special prayer, would do so? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And an evil life too? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And are not all the Gods the chiefest of all guardians, and do they not guard our highest interests? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And are perception and memory, and opinion and prudence, heightened and increased? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And are there harbours on the seaboard? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And are they to consider only, and to be unable to set forth what they think? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And as the soul orders and inhabits all things that move, however moving, must we not say that she orders also the heavens? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And can he who does not know what the exact object is which is imitated, ever know whether the resemblance is truthfully executed? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And did any one ever see this sort of convivial meeting rightly ordered? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And do not all these seem to you to be commensurable with themselves? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And do we not further observe that the first shoot of every living thing is by far the greatest and fullest? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And do you admit also that they have all power which mortals and immortals can have? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And does not the legislator and every one who is good for anything, hold this fear in the greatest honour? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And has the place a fair proportion of hill, and plain, and wood? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And have not thousands and thousands of cities come into being during this period and as many perished? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And if they were extended to the other Hellenes, would it be an improvement on the present state of things? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And in the village will there be the same war of family against family, and of individual against individual? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And is any harm done to the lover of vicious dances or songs, or any good done to the approver of the opposite sort of pleasure? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And is not the aim of the legislator similar? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And is not this what you and I have to do at the present moment? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And is there any neighbouring State? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And is what you say applicable only to states, or also to villages? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And may we not now further confirm what was then mentioned? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And may we suppose this immoderate spirit to be more fatal when found among kings than when among peoples? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And must not that of which we are in need be the one to which we were just now alluding? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And nothing can be plainer than that the fairest bodies are those which grow up from infancy in the best and straightest manner? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And now do we still hold to our former assertion, that rhythms and music in general are imitations of good and evil characters in men? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And now let me proceed to another question: Who are to be the colonists? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And now, I beseech you, reflect-- you would admit that we have a threefold knowledge of things? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And now, what is to be the next step? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And now, what will this city be? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And of cities or governments or legislation, about which we are now talking, do you suppose that they could have any recollection at all? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And one part of this subject has been already discussed by us, and there still remains another to be discussed? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And ought not the legislator to determine these classes? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And should each man conceive himself to be his own enemy:--what shall we say? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And surely justice does not grow apart from temperance? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And surely they are not like charioteers who are bribed to give up the victory to other chariots? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And surely we three and they two-- five in all-- have acknowledged that they are good and perfect? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And that of things in motion some were moving in one place, and others in more than one? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the body should have the most exercise when it receives most nourishment? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the chorus is made up of two parts, dance and song? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the legislator would do likewise? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the one is honourable, and the other dishonourable? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the one, like other meaner things, is a human quality, but the Gods have no part in anything of the sort? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the same view may be taken of the pastime of drinking wine, if we are right in supposing that the same good effect follows? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And the uneducated is he who has not been trained in the chorus, and the educated is he who has been well trained? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And their opposites, therefore, would fall under the opposite class? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And to what earthly rulers can they be compared, or who to them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And to which of the above- mentioned classes of guardians would any man compare the Gods without absurdity? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And we acknowledge that all mortal creatures are the property of the Gods, to whom also the whole of heaven belongs? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And we may conceive this to be true in the same way of other practices? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And we must suppose this event to have taken place many ages after the deluge? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And we ought, if possible, to provide them with a quiet ruler? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And we were saying just now, that when men are at war the leader ought to be a brave man? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what are the principles on which men rule and obey in cities, whether great or small; and similarly in families? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what arrangement of life to be found anywhere is preferable to this community which we are now assigning to them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what breadth is? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what comes third, and what fourth? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what has it been the object of our argument to show? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what if besides being a coward he has no skill? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what is beauty of figure, or beautiful melody? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what is the definition of that which is named''soul''? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what is the reason that dances and contests of this sort hardly ever exist in states, at least not to any extent worth speaking of? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what strain is suitable for heroes? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what strain will they sing, and what muse will they hymn? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what would you say about the body, my friend? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what would you say of the commander of an army? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And what would you say of the state? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And when rejoicing in our good fortune, we are unable to be still? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And when we see soul in anything, must we not do the same-- must we not admit that this is life? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And which may be supposed to be the truer judgment-- that of the inferior or of the better soul? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And which of these ten motions ought we to prefer as being the mightiest and most efficient? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And will he not be in a most wretched plight? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And will he who does not know what is true be able to distinguish what is good and bad? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And would not every one always make laws for the sake of the best? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And would not that also be the desire of the legislator? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And yet I have repeated what I am saying a good many times; but I suppose that you have never seen a city which is under a tyranny? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And you know that these are two distinct things, and that there is a third thing called depth? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And, according to the true order, the laws relating to marriage should be those which are first determined in every state? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: And, fourthly, that slaves should be ruled, and their masters rule? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Are we agreed thus far? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Are we assured that there are two things which lead men to believe in the Gods, as we have already stated? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Are you speaking of the soul? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But are sure that it must be vast and incalculable? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But can a kingship be destroyed, or was any other form of government ever destroyed, by any but the rulers themselves? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But can a man who does not know a thing, as we were saying, know that the thing is right? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But do we imagine carelessness and idleness and luxury to be virtues? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But how can I in one word rightly comprehend all of them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But may we not also say that the soul of the slave is utterly corrupt, and that no man of sense ought to trust them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But then, my good friends, why did the settlement and legislation of their country turn out so badly? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But what form of polity are we going to give the city? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But what shall be our next musical law or type? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But what was the ruin of this glorious confederacy? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: But, if they are such as we conceive them to be, can we possibly suppose that they ever act in the spirit of carelessness and indolence? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Can any of us imagine a better mode of effecting this object than that of the Egyptians? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Can any one who makes such laws escape ridicule? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do not all human things partake of the nature of soul? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do we not consider each of ourselves to be one? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do we not regard all music as representative and imitative? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do you believe that there is any truth in ancient traditions? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do you imagine that I delay because I am in a perplexity? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Do you remember our old admission, that if the soul was prior to the body the things of the soul were also prior to those of the body? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does a captain require only to have nautical knowledge in order to be a good captain, whether he is sea- sick or not? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does he not return to the state of soul in which he was when a young child? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does not a little word extinguish all pleasures of that sort? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does not the discontented and ungracious nature appear to you to be full of lamentations and sorrows more than a good man ought to be? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does not the general aim at victory and superiority in war, and do not the physician and his assistants aim at producing health in the body? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Does not this kind of fear preserve us in many important ways? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Fifthly, if I am not mistaken, comes the principle that the stronger shall rule, and the weaker be ruled? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Good; and what measures ought the legislator to have then taken in order to avert this calamity? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Have you forgotten, Cleinias, the name of a friend who is really of yesterday? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: He sings well and dances well; now must we add that he sings what is good and dances what is good? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: How would you prove it? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: How, then, shall we reassure him, and get him to sing? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: How, then, was this advantage lost under Cambyses, and again recovered under Darius? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I mean this: when one thing changes another, and that another, of such will there be any primary changing element? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I should like to know whether temperance without the other virtues, existing alone in the soul of man, is rightly to be praised or blamed? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I suppose that courage is a part of virtue? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I suppose that our enquiry has reference to the soul? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I suppose that there must be rulers and subjects in states? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I think that I have clearly stated in the former part of the discussion, but if I did not, let me now state-- CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I will:--''Surely,''they say,''the governing power makes whatever laws have authority in any state''? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: I will; or rather I will show you my meaning by a question, and do you please to answer me: You know, I suppose, what length is? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: If the soul carries round the sun and moon, and the other stars, does she not carry round each individual of them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: If we were to see this power existing in any earthy, watery, or fiery substance, simple or compound-- how should we describe it? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: If, then, drinking and amusement were regulated in this way, would not the companions of our revels be improved? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: In all states the birth of children goes back to the connexion of marriage? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: In how many generations would this be attained? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: In the first place, then, the revellers as well as the soldiers will require a ruler? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: In what respect? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: In which, then, of the parts or institutions of the state is any such guardian power to be found? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Is not the effect of this quite the opposite of the effect of the other? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Is there any argument which will prove to us that we ought to encourage the taste for drinking instead of doing all we can to avoid it? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Let us see; what are we saying? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: May I still make use of fable to some extent, in the hope that I may be better able to answer your question: shall I? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: May we not fairly make answer to him on behalf of the poets? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Must not they be truly unfortunate whose souls are compelled to pass through life always hungering? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Must we not appoint a sober man and a wise to be our master of the revels? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Must we not, then, try in every possible way to prevent our youth from even desiring to imitate new modes either in dance or song? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Next follows the principle that the noble should rule over the ignoble; and, thirdly, that the elder should rule and the younger obey? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: No; but, if there had been, might not such a draught have been of use to the legislator as a test of courage? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Now, which is in the truest sense inferior, the man who is overcome by pleasure or by pain? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Of what nature is the movement of mind? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Once more, are all of us equally delighted with every sort of dance? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: One soul or more? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Or an artist, who was clever in his profession, but a rogue? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Reflect; may not banqueters and banquets be said to constitute a kind of meeting? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Shall we say then that it is the soul which controls heaven and earth, and the whole world? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Shall we, then, take this as the next point to which our attention should be directed? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Should you like to see an example of the double and single method in legislation? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Some one might say to us, What is the drift of all this? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Suppose that we give this puppet of ours drink,--what will be the effect on him? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Surely God must not be supposed to have a nature which He Himself hates? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Tell me, Strangers, is a God or some man supposed to be the author of your laws? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: That is to say, length is naturally commensurable with length, and breadth with breadth, and depth in like manner with depth? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: The brave man is less likely than the coward to be disturbed by fears? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: The case is the same? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then I suppose that we must consider this subject? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then at that time he will have the least control over himself? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then half the subject may now be considered to have been discussed; shall we proceed to the consideration of the other half? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then he who is well educated will be able to sing and dance well? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then how can we carry out our purpose with decorum? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then not only an old man but also a drunkard becomes a second time a child? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then now I may proceed? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then the unjust life must not only be more base and depraved, but also more unpleasant than the just and holy life? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Then what life is agreeable to God, and becoming in His followers? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: There are ten thousand likenesses of objects of sight? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: There is surely no difficulty in seeing, Cleinias, what is in accordance with the order of nature? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: They rank under the opposite class? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: This, then, has been said for the sake-- MEGILLUS: Of what? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: True, Cleinias; but then what should the lawgiver do when this evil is of long standing? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Very good; but may I make one or two corrections in what I have been saying? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, and about the good and the honourable, are we to take the same view? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, and is not rapid growth without proper and abundant exercise the source endless evils in the body? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, but let me ask, how is the country supplied with timber for ship- building? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, but ought we not to desire to see it, and to see where it is to be found? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, now, and does not the argument show that there is one common desire of all mankind? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, then, by the Gods themselves I conjure you to tell me-- if they are to be propitiated, how are they to be propitiated? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, then, if I tell you what are my notions of education, will you consider whether they satisfy you? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, then, if neither of you can answer, shall I answer this question which you deem so absurd? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, then, must we do as we said? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Well, then; what shall we say or do? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Were we not a little while ago quite convinced that no silver or golden Plutus should dwell in our state? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: What else can he say who declares that the Gods are always lenient to the doers of unjust acts, if they divide the spoil with them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: What laws are more worthy of our attention than those which have regulated such cities? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: What will be our first law? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: What, then, leads us astray? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Which of you will first tell me to which of these classes his own government is to be referred? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Why, do you think that you can reckon the time which has elapsed since cities first existed and men were citizens of them? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Will he not live painfully and to his own disadvantage? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: Yes; and courage is a part of virtue, and cowardice of vice? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: You mean to say that there is more rock than plain? |
1750 | ATHENIAN: You will surely remember our saying that all things were either at rest or in motion? |
1750 | ATHENIAN:''And whoever transgresses these laws is punished as an evil- doer by the legislator, who calls the laws just''? |
1750 | ATHENIAN:''And you would rather have a touchstone in which there is no risk and no great danger than the reverse?'' |
1750 | ATHENIAN:''Come, legislator,''we will say to him;''what are the conditions which you require in a state before you can organize it?'' |
1750 | ATHENIAN:''Did we not hear you just now saying, that the legislator ought not to allow the poets to do what they liked? |
1750 | Again, when any one prefers beauty to virtue, what is this but the real and utter dishonour of the soul? |
1750 | All artists would pray for certain conditions under which to exercise their art: and would not the legislator do the same? |
1750 | Am I not right in maintaining that a good education is that which tends most to the improvement of mind and body? |
1750 | Am I not right in saying that a good education tends to the improvement of body and mind? |
1750 | Am I not right? |
1750 | And according to yet a third view, art has part with them, for surely in a storm it is well to have a pilot? |
1750 | And are there any other uses of well- ordered potations? |
1750 | And are there not three kinds of knowledge-- a knowledge( 1) of the essence,( 2) of the definition,( 3) of the name? |
1750 | And are there wars, not only of state against state, but of village against village, of family against family, of individual against individual? |
1750 | And did not this show that we were dissatisfied with the poets? |
1750 | And did we not say that the souls of the drinkers, when subdued by wine, are made softer and more malleable at the hand of the legislator? |
1750 | And did you ever observe that the gentlemen doctors practise upon freemen, and that slave doctors confine themselves to slaves? |
1750 | And do all men equally like all dances? |
1750 | And do not all human things share in soul, and is not man the most religious of animals and the possession of the Gods? |
1750 | And do they move and rest, some in one place, some in more? |
1750 | And do vicious measures and strains do any harm, or good measures any good to the lovers of them? |
1750 | And do we suppose that the ignorance of this truth is less fatal to kings than to peoples? |
1750 | And do you think that superiority in war is the proper aim of government? |
1750 | And does this extend to states and villages as well as to individuals? |
1750 | And does wine equally stimulate the reasoning faculties? |
1750 | And first, let me ask you who are to be the colonists? |
1750 | And further, that pleasure is different from anger, and has an opposite power, working by persuasion and deceit? |
1750 | And has not each of them had every form of government many times over, now growing larger, now smaller, and again improving or declining? |
1750 | And has this convivial society ever been rightly ordered? |
1750 | And have we not a similar object at the present moment? |
1750 | And have we not proved that the self- moved is the source of motion in other things? |
1750 | And having spoken well, may I add that you have been well answered? |
1750 | And how will they be best distributed? |
1750 | And if he replies''The pleasant,''then I should say to him,''O my father, did you not tell me that I should live as justly as possible''? |
1750 | And if so, are they not to be preferred to other modes of training because they are painless? |
1750 | And if so, we shall be right in saying that the soul is prior and superior to the body, and the body by nature subject and inferior to the soul? |
1750 | And if that is a ridiculous error in speaking of men, how much more in speaking of the Gods? |
1750 | And if they were boxers or wrestlers, would they think of entering the lists without many days''practice? |
1750 | And if this be true, are not the just and the honourable at one time all the same, and at another time in the most diametrical opposition? |
1750 | And in time of war he must be a man of courage and absolutely devoid of fear, if this be possible? |
1750 | And is God to be conceived of as a careless, indolent fellow, such as the poet would compare to a stingless drone? |
1750 | And is a man his own enemy? |
1750 | And is it not as disgraceful for Solon and Lycurgus to lay down false precepts about the institutions of life as for Homer and Tyrtaeus? |
1750 | And is not courage a part of virtue, and cowardice of vice? |
1750 | And is not man the most religious of all animals? |
1750 | And is not this true of ideals of government in general? |
1750 | And is the surrounding country productive, or in need of importations? |
1750 | And is the surrounding country self- supporting? |
1750 | And is there a fair proportion of hill and plain and wood? |
1750 | And is there any higher knowledge than the knowledge of the existence and power of the Gods? |
1750 | And let me ask you a question:--Do we not distinguish two kinds of fear, which are very different? |
1750 | And may not convivial meetings have a similar remedial use? |
1750 | And may we not fear that, if they are allowed to utter injudicious prayers, they will bring the greatest misfortunes on the state? |
1750 | And now let us pass under review the examiners themselves; what will their examination be, and how conducted? |
1750 | And now shall we call in our colonists and make a speech to them? |
1750 | And now, Megillus and Cleinias, how can we put to the proof the value of our words? |
1750 | And now, has our discussion been of any use? |
1750 | And now, how shall we proceed? |
1750 | And now, what is this city? |
1750 | And now, who is to have the superintendence of the country, and what shall be the arrangement? |
1750 | And ought not the legislator to determine these classes? |
1750 | And shall our soldiers go out to fight for life and kindred and property unprepared, because sham fights are thought to be ridiculous? |
1750 | And soul too is life? |
1750 | And still more, who can compel women to eat and drink in public? |
1750 | And that Apollo and the Muses and Dionysus gave us harmony and rhythm? |
1750 | And the motion which is not self- moved will be inferior to this? |
1750 | And the soul which orders all things must also order the heavens? |
1750 | And thinkest thou, bold man, that thou needest not to know this? |
1750 | And this soul of the sun, which is better than the sun, whether driving him in a chariot or employing any other agency, is by every man called a God? |
1750 | And to that I rejoin:--O my father, did you not wish me to live as happily as possible? |
1750 | And we agreed that if the soul was prior to the body, the things of the soul were prior to the things of the body? |
1750 | And what admonition can be more appropriate than the assurance which we formerly gave, that the souls of the dead watch over mortal affairs? |
1750 | And what can be worse than this? |
1750 | And what caused their ruin? |
1750 | And what greater good or evil can any destiny ever make us undergo? |
1750 | And what honours shall be paid to these examiners, whom the whole state counts worthy of the rewards of virtue? |
1750 | And what is a true taste? |
1750 | And what is the definition of the thing which is named''soul''? |
1750 | And what is the right way of living? |
1750 | And what shall be the punishment suited to him who has thrown away his weapons of defence? |
1750 | And what shall he suffer who slays him who of all men, as they say, is his own best friend? |
1750 | And what songs shall he sing? |
1750 | And what, then, is to be regarded as the origin of government? |
1750 | And which is the truer judgment? |
1750 | And which is worse,--to be overcome by pain, or by pleasure? |
1750 | And who would ever think of establishing such a practice by law? |
1750 | And why? |
1750 | And will any legislator be found to make such actions legal? |
1750 | And yet if he goes to a doctor or a gymnastic master, does he not make himself ill in the hope of getting well? |
1750 | And yet, why am I disquieted, for I believe that the same principle applies equally to all human things? |
1750 | And you compel your poets to declare that the righteous are happy, and that the wicked man, even if he be as rich as Midas, is unhappy? |
1750 | And, further, may we not suppose that the fear of impiety will enable them to master that which other inferior people have mastered? |
1750 | Any neighbouring states? |
1750 | Any one may easily imagine the questions which have to be asked in all such cases: What did he wound, or whom, or how, or when? |
1750 | Are beautiful things not the same to us all, or are they the same in themselves, but not in our opinion of them? |
1750 | Are men who have these institutions only to eat and fatten like beasts? |
1750 | Are not those who train in gymnasia, at first beginning reduced to a state of weakness? |
1750 | Are our guardians only to know that each of them is many, or also how and in what way they are one? |
1750 | Are there harbours? |
1750 | Are they charioteers of contending pairs of steeds, or pilots of vessels? |
1750 | Are they not competitors in the greatest of all contests, and have they not innumerable rivals? |
1750 | Are they not strivers for mastery in the greatest of combats? |
1750 | Are we likely ever to be in a virtuous condition, if we can not tell whether virtue is many, or four, or one? |
1750 | Are we to live in sports always? |
1750 | Are you not surprised at any one of his own accord bringing upon himself deformity, leanness, ugliness, decrepitude? |
1750 | As far as we can guess at this distance of time, what happened was as follows:-- MEGILLUS: What? |
1750 | At the beginning of the third book, Plato abruptly asks the question, What is the origin of states? |
1750 | But admitting all this, what follows? |
1750 | But can any one form an estimate of any society, which is intended to have a ruler, and which he only sees in an unruly and lawless state? |
1750 | But did we not say that kingdoms or governments can only be subverted by themselves? |
1750 | But how can a state be in a right condition which can not justly award honour? |
1750 | But how can we make them sing? |
1750 | But how can we take precautions against the unnatural loves of either sex, from which innumerable evils have come upon individuals and cities? |
1750 | But how ought we to define courage? |
1750 | But if honour is to be attributed to justice, are just sufferings honourable, or only just actions? |
1750 | But is our own language consistent? |
1750 | But is there any potion which might serve as a test of overboldness and excessive and indiscreet boasting? |
1750 | But shall this new word of ours, like an oracle of God, be only spoken, and get away without giving any explanation or verification of itself? |
1750 | But then who is to arrange all this? |
1750 | But then, what should the lawgiver do? |
1750 | But to whom are they to be taught, and when? |
1750 | But what do I mean? |
1750 | But what is a true taste? |
1750 | But what weapons shall we use, and how shall we direct them? |
1750 | But where shall we find the magistrate who is worthy to supervise them or look into their short- comings and crooked ways? |
1750 | But who, Cleinias and Megillus, will order for us in the colony all this matter of the magistrates, and the scrutinies of them? |
1750 | But why are they so rarely practised? |
1750 | But why have I said all this? |
1750 | But, in the present unfortunate state of opinion, who would dare to establish them? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: About what thing? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: About what? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: About what? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And can you show that what you have been saying is true? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And how, Stranger, can we act most fairly under the circumstances? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And that mind was the leader of the four, and that to her the three other virtues and all other things ought to have regard? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And we said that virtue was of four kinds? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what are the laws about music and dancing in Egypt? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what do you call the true mode of service? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what is the inference? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what law would you advise them to pass if this one failed? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what necessities of knowledge are there, Stranger, which are divine and not human? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And what ought the legislator to decide, and what ought he to leave to the courts of law? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And who is this God? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: And would he not be right? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Assuredly: but may we not now, Stranger, prescribe these studies as necessary, and so fill up the lacunae of our laws? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But do you really imagine, Stranger, that this is the way in which poets generally compose in States at the present day? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But has such a draught, Stranger, ever really been known among men? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But how will an old man be able to attend to such great charges? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But is there any difficulty in proving the existence of the Gods? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But what is the fact? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But why is the word''nature''wrong? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But why, Stranger, do not you and Megillus take a part in our new city? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: But, Stranger, are we to impose this great amount of exercise upon newly- born infants? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: By what possible arguments, Stranger, can any man persuade himself of such a monstrous doctrine? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Consistent in what? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: For example, where? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Having what in view do you ask that question? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can I possibly say so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can there be anything greater? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can they have any other? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can they, when the very colours of their faces differ? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How can we have an examination and also a good one? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How does that bear upon any of the matters of which we have been speaking? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How is that arranged? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How shall we proceed, Stranger? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How two? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How would that be? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How would you advise the guardian of the law to act? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: How? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: I suppose, Megillus, that this companion virtue of which the Stranger speaks, must be temperance? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what respect? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what respect? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what respect? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what way do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what way? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: In what way? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Is not that true? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Lies of what nature? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Of what are you speaking? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Of what victory are you speaking? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Once more, what do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Once more, what do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Such as what? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Then what are we to do in our own country, Stranger, seeing that there are such differences in the treatment of slaves by their owners? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Then what is to be the inference? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Then why was there any need to speak of the matter at all? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what are you referring? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what are you referring? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what are you referring? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what do you refer in this instance? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what do you refer? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what do you refer? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: To what? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: True; but what is this study which you describe as wonderful and fitting for youth to learn, but of which we are ignorant? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Very good, Stranger; and what shall we say in answer to these objections? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Very good: And now what, according to you, is to be the salvation of our government and of our laws, and how is it to be effected? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Well, Stranger, and may he not very fairly say so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Well, Stranger, and what is the reason of this? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Well, and have we not already opposed the popular voice in many important enactments? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What answer shall we make to him? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are the inconsistencies which you observe in us? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are the two kinds? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are we to observe about it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What are you going to ask? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What consolation will you offer him? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What direction? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you bid us keep in mind? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean, Stranger, by this remark? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean, Stranger? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean, and what new thing is this? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean, my good sir? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What doctrine do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What had you in your mind when you said that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What have we to do? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What have you got to say? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What have you to say, Stranger? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is it? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is that story? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is that? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is the cause, Stranger, of this extreme hesitation? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is the other half, and how do you divide the subject? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is their method? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What is this, Stranger, that you are saying? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What jests? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What kind of ignorance do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What makes you say so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What method can we devise of electing them? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What more have you to say? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What ought we to say then? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What penalty? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What question? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What shall we say or do to these persons? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What terms? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What then are we to do, Stranger, under these circumstances? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What traditions? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What troubles you, Stranger? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What was the error? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What would you expect? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What, Stranger, is the drift of your comparison? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Which are they? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Which do you mean? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Which will you take? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Who are those who compose the third choir, Stranger? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Why so? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Why, Stranger, what other reason is there? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Will you try to be a little plainer? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You are speaking of harmless pleasure, are you not? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You mean that in each of them there is a principle of superiority or inferiority to self? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You mean the evil of blaming antiquity in states? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You mean to ask whether we should call such a self- moving power life? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You mean to say that the essence which is defined as the self- moved is the same with that which has the name soul? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You mean, I suppose, their serious and noble pursuit? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: You would assume, as you say, a tyrant who was young, temperate, quick at learning, having a good memory, courageous, of a noble nature? |
1750 | CLEINIAS: Your words are reasonable enough; but shall we find any good or true notion about the stars? |
1750 | Can he who is good for anything be ignorant of all this without discredit where great and glorious truths are concerned? |
1750 | Can there be any more philosophical speculation than how to reduce many things which are unlike to one idea? |
1750 | Can we be right in praising any one who cares for great matters and leaves the small to take care of themselves? |
1750 | Can we conceive of any other than that which has been already given-- the motion which can move itself? |
1750 | Can we keep our temper with them, when they compel us to argue on such a theme? |
1750 | Can we say? |
1750 | Can you tell me? |
1750 | Come, legislator, let us say to him, and what are the conditions which you would have? |
1750 | Did we not arrive at the conclusion that parents ought to govern their children, and the elder the younger, and the noble the ignoble? |
1750 | Did we not imply that the poets are not always quite capable of knowing what is good or evil? |
1750 | Did you ever observe that there are beautiful things of which men often say,''What wonders they would have effected if rightly used?'' |
1750 | Do not these qualities entirely desert a man if he becomes saturated with drink? |
1750 | Do some figures, then, appear to be beautiful which are not? |
1750 | Do we not often hear of wages being adjusted in proportion to the profits of employers? |
1750 | Do you agree with me thus far? |
1750 | Do you mean some form of democracy, or oligarchy, or aristocracy, or monarchy? |
1750 | Do you not see that a drunken pilot or a drunken ruler of any sort will ruin ship, chariot, army-- anything, in short, of which he has the direction? |
1750 | Do you remember the image in which I likened the men for whom laws are now made to slaves who are doctored by slaves? |
1750 | Do you remember the names of the Fates? |
1750 | For boys and girls ought to learn to dance and practise gymnastic exercises-- ought they not? |
1750 | For do not love, ignorance, avarice, wealth, beauty, strength, while they stimulate courage, also madden and intoxicate the soul? |
1750 | For of doctors are there not two kinds? |
1750 | For reflect-- if women are not to have the education of men, some other must be found for them, and what other can we propose? |
1750 | For surely neither of them can be charged with neglect if they fail to attend to something which is beyond their power? |
1750 | For there is a thing which has occurred times without number in states-- CLEINIAS: What thing? |
1750 | For what good can the just man have which is separated from pleasure? |
1750 | For why should a writer say over again, in a more imperfect form, what he had already said in his most finished style and manner? |
1750 | For, O my friends, how can there be the least shadow of wisdom when there is no harmony? |
1750 | Have we already forgotten what was said a little while ago? |
1750 | Have we ever determined in what respect these two classes of actions differ from one another? |
1750 | Have we not already decided that no gold or silver Plutus shall be allowed in our city? |
1750 | Have we not heard of Iccus of Tarentum and other wrestlers who abstained wholly for a time? |
1750 | Have we not mentioned all motions that there are, and comprehended them under their kinds and numbered them with the exception, my friends, of two? |
1750 | He will say,--''May I not do what I will with my own, and give much to my friends, and little to my enemies?'' |
1750 | Here are three kinds of love: ought the legislator to prohibit all of them equally, or to allow the virtuous love to remain? |
1750 | How can a thing which is moved by another ever be the beginning of change? |
1750 | How can a word not understood be the basis of legislation? |
1750 | How can they be saved from those passions which reason forbids them to indulge, and which are the ruin of so many? |
1750 | How can we legislate about these consecrated strains without incurring ridicule? |
1750 | How can we prove that what I am saying is true? |
1750 | How could he have? |
1750 | How in the less can we find an image of the greater? |
1750 | How ought he to answer this question? |
1750 | How shall we devise a remedy and way of escape out of so great a danger? |
1750 | How shall we perfect the ideas of our guardians about virtue? |
1750 | How then can the advocate of justice be other than noble? |
1750 | How then can we rightly order the distribution of the land? |
1750 | I should like to know whether you and Megillus would agree with me in what I am about to say; for my opinion is-- CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | I suppose that you have never seen a city which is subject to a tyranny? |
1750 | I will simply ask once more whether we shall lay down as one of our principles of song-- CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | If so, in what kind of sports? |
1750 | If they do, how can they escape the fate of a fatted beast, which is to be torn in pieces by some other beast more valiant than himself? |
1750 | In a ship, when the pilot and the sailors unite their perceptions with the piloting mind, do they not save both themselves and their craft? |
1750 | In the first place, let us-- CLEINIAS: Do what? |
1750 | In the next place, we acknowledge that the soul is the cause of good and evil, just and unjust, if we suppose her to be the cause of all things? |
1750 | In the process of gestation? |
1750 | In what other manner could we ever study the art of self- defence? |
1750 | Is he the better who accomplishes his ends in a double way, or he who works in one way, and that the ruder and inferior? |
1750 | Is not justice noble, which has been the civiliser of humanity? |
1750 | Is not justice the civilizer of mankind? |
1750 | Is not such knowledge a disgrace to a man of sense, especially where great and glorious truths are concerned? |
1750 | Is not the origin of music as follows? |
1750 | Is not this the fact? |
1750 | Is the approval of gods and men to be deemed good and honourable, but unpleasant, and their disapproval the reverse? |
1750 | Is the poet to train his choruses as he pleases, without reference to virtue or vice? |
1750 | Is there any other way in which his neglect can be explained? |
1750 | Is there not one claim of authority which is always just,--that of fathers and mothers and in general of progenitors to rule over their offspring? |
1750 | Is there timber for ship- building? |
1750 | Is this due to the ignorance of mankind and their legislators? |
1750 | Let me ask again, Are you and I agreed about this? |
1750 | Let me ask another question: What is the name which is given to self- motion when manifested in any material substance? |
1750 | Let us see: Are there not two kinds of fear-- fear of evil and fear of an evil reputation? |
1750 | Let us then once more ask the question, To what end has all this been said? |
1750 | Looking at these and the like examples, what ought we to do concerning property in slaves? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: And would he not be justified? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: But were you not right and wise in speaking as you did, and we in assenting to you? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: How do you mean; and why do you blame them? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: How do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: Ought I to answer first, since I am the elder? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: To what are you referring, and what do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What advantage? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What do you mean, Stranger? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What is it? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What is it? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What is it? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What laws do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What security? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What shall we do, Cleinias? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: What word? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: When do you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: When the son is young and foolish, you mean? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: Why, my good friend, how could any Lacedaemonian say anything else? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: Yes; but will he ever succeed in making all mankind use the same language about them? |
1750 | MEGILLUS: You are speaking of temperance? |
1750 | May any one come from any city of Crete? |
1750 | May any one come out of all Crete; and is the idea that the population in the several states is too numerous for the means of subsistence? |
1750 | May we not suppose that this was the intention with which the men of those days framed the constitutions of their states? |
1750 | May we not suppose the colonists to have arrived, and proceed to make our speech to them? |
1750 | May we say that they are? |
1750 | Mem.)? |
1750 | Must not he who maintains that the Gods can be propitiated argue thus? |
1750 | Must not that which is moved by others finally depend upon that which is moved by itself? |
1750 | Must they not be at least rulers who have to order unceasingly the whole heaven? |
1750 | Must we not reply,''The self- moved''? |
1750 | My first question is, Why has the law ordained that you should have common meals, and practise gymnastics, and bear arms? |
1750 | Next as to temperance: what institutions have you which are adapted to promote temperance? |
1750 | No; but suppose that there were; might not the legislator use such a mode of testing courage and cowardice? |
1750 | Now how can we create this quality of immobility in the laws? |
1750 | Now is not the use of both methods far better than the use of either alone? |
1750 | Now is this a true way of speaking or of acting? |
1750 | Now the voluntary can not be the involuntary; and if you two come to me and say,''Then shall we legislate for our city?'' |
1750 | Now what class or institution is there in our state which has such a saving power? |
1750 | Now what course ought we to take? |
1750 | Now which is the better way of proceeding in a physician and in a trainer? |
1750 | Now which of them is right? |
1750 | Now, ought we not to forbid such strains as these? |
1750 | Now, what will be the form of such prefaces? |
1750 | Once more then, as I have asked more than once, shall this be our third law, and type, and model-- What do you say? |
1750 | One soul or more? |
1750 | Or a general who is sick and drunk with fear and ignorant of war a good general? |
1750 | Or can we give our guardians a more precise knowledge of virtue in speech and action than the many have? |
1750 | Or if we had no adversary at all, animate or inanimate, should we not venture in the dearth of antagonists to spar by ourselves? |
1750 | Or is the neither doing nor suffering evil good and honourable, although not pleasant? |
1750 | Or rather, do we not all know the reasons? |
1750 | Or shall we leave the preamble and go on to the laws? |
1750 | Or try the matter by the test which we apply to all laws,--who will say that the permission of such things tends to virtue? |
1750 | Or would you abstain from using the potion altogether, although you have no reason for abstaining?'' |
1750 | Or would you ascertain whether he is licentious by putting your wife or daughter into his hands? |
1750 | Ought not prayers to be offered up to the Gods when we sacrifice? |
1750 | Our minister of education will have a great deal to do; and being an old man, how will he get through so much work? |
1750 | People say that he who gives us most pleasure at such festivals is to win the palm: are they right? |
1750 | Perhaps you will ask me what is the bearing of these remarks? |
1750 | Pol.)? |
1750 | Seeing then that there are these three sorts of love, ought the law to prohibit and forbid them all to exist among us? |
1750 | Shall I give his answer? |
1750 | Shall I tell you why? |
1750 | Shall I tell you? |
1750 | Shall I try to divine? |
1750 | Shall these be our rules, and shall we impose a penalty for the neglect of them? |
1750 | Shall they sing a choric strain? |
1750 | Shall they, like the women of Thrace, tend cattle and till the ground; or, like our own, spin and weave, and take care of the house? |
1750 | Shall this be our constitution, or shall all be educated alike, and the special training be given up? |
1750 | Shall we allow a stranger to run down Sparta in this fashion? |
1750 | Shall we assume so much, or do we still entertain doubts? |
1750 | Shall we be so foolish as to let them off who would give us the most beautiful and also the most useful of songs? |
1750 | Shall we begin, then, with the acknowledgment that education is first given through Apollo and the Muses? |
1750 | Shall we contrive some means of engrafting this knowledge on our state, or give the matter up? |
1750 | Shall we impose penalties for the neglect of these rules? |
1750 | Shall we make a defence of ourselves? |
1750 | Shall we now proceed to speak of this? |
1750 | Shall we proceed to the other half or not? |
1750 | Shall we propose this? |
1750 | Shall we say that glory and fame, coming from Gods and men, though good and noble, are nevertheless unpleasant, and infamy pleasant? |
1750 | Shall we suppose some impious man to charge us with assuming the existence of the Gods, and make a defence? |
1750 | Shall we then propose as one of our laws and models relating to the Muses-- CLEINIAS: What? |
1750 | Shall we try to prove that it is so? |
1750 | Some one will ask, why not? |
1750 | Strangers, let me ask a question of you-- Was a God or a man the author of your laws? |
1750 | Such a sadness was the natural effect of declining years and failing powers, which make men ask,''After all, what profit is there in life?'' |
1750 | Suppose a person to express his admiration of wealth or rank, does he not do so under the idea that by the help of these he can attain his desires? |
1750 | Suppose a physician who had to cure a patient-- would he ever succeed if he attended to the great and neglected the little? |
1750 | Suppose that we make answer as follows: CLEINIAS: How would you answer? |
1750 | Suppose these competitors to meet, and not these only, but innumerable others as well-- can you tell me who ought to be the victor? |
1750 | Surely we should say that to be temperate and to possess mind belongs to virtue, and the contrary to vice? |
1750 | Tell me whether you assent to my words? |
1750 | Tell me, Megillus, were not the common meals and gymnastic training instituted by your legislator with a view to war? |
1750 | Tell me, by the Gods, I say, how the Gods are to be propitiated by us? |
1750 | Tell me, then, whence do you draw your recruits in the present enterprise? |
1750 | Tell me,--were not first the syssitia, and secondly the gymnasia, invented by your legislator with a view to war? |
1750 | The judge of the imitation is required to know, therefore, first the original, secondly the truth, and thirdly the merit of the execution? |
1750 | The legislator may be conceived to make the following address to himself:--With what object am I training my citizens? |
1750 | The legislator may be supposed to argue the question in his own mind: Who are my citizens for whom I have set in order the city? |
1750 | The question runs up into wider ones-- What is the general effect of asceticism on human nature? |
1750 | The true guardian of the laws ought to know their truth, and should also be able to interpret and execute them? |
1750 | Then every one should be both fearful and fearless? |
1750 | Then how can we believe that drinking should be encouraged? |
1750 | Then what was the reason why their legislation signally failed? |
1750 | Then, if we know what is good and bad in song and dance, we shall know what education is? |
1750 | There is a convivial form of society-- is there not? |
1750 | This makes us ask, What shall we do about slaves? |
1750 | This proves that the Gods hear the curses of parents who are wronged; and shall we doubt that they hear and fulfil their blessings too?'' |
1750 | To which of these classes, Megillus, do you refer your own state? |
1750 | To whom shall we compare them? |
1750 | To whom then is our state to be entrusted? |
1750 | Was it because they did not know how wisely Hesiod spoke when he said that the half is often more than the whole? |
1750 | We are agreed( are we not?) |
1750 | Well, are we not agreed that our guardians ought to know, not only how the good and the honourable are many, but also how they are one? |
1750 | Well, but is courage only a combat against fear and pain, and not against pleasure and flattery? |
1750 | What are they, and how many in number? |
1750 | What better and more innocent test of character is there than festive intercourse? |
1750 | What constitution shall we give-- democracy, oligarchy, or aristocracy?'' |
1750 | What do you say, friend Megillus? |
1750 | What do you say? |
1750 | What do you say? |
1750 | What do you think of ancient traditions about deluges and destructions of mankind, and the preservation of a remnant? |
1750 | What do you think? |
1750 | What have you to say? |
1750 | What inference is to be drawn from all this? |
1750 | What is he to do? |
1750 | What is the inference? |
1750 | What is the nature of the movement of the soul? |
1750 | What is there cheaper, or more innocent? |
1750 | What is there which so surely gives victory and safety in war? |
1750 | What life, then, is pleasing to God? |
1750 | What other aim would they have had? |
1750 | What remedies can a city find for this disease? |
1750 | What remedy can a city of sense find against this disease? |
1750 | What say you? |
1750 | What shall the law prescribe, and what shall be left to the judge? |
1750 | What then shall we do? |
1750 | What would you like? |
1750 | What would you say then to leaving these matters for the present, and passing on to some other question of law? |
1750 | What, then, shall we do? |
1750 | Where is an ordinance about pleasure similar to that about pain to be found in your laws? |
1750 | Wherefore, also, the legislator ought often to impress upon himself the question--''What do I want?'' |
1750 | Wherefore, seeing that human things are thus ordered, what should a wise man do or think, or not do or think''? |
1750 | Wherefore, seeing these things, what ought we to do or think? |
1750 | Which is the doubtful kind, and how are the two to be distinguished? |
1750 | Whither are we running away? |
1750 | Who are they, and what is their nature? |
1750 | Who can be calm when he is called upon to prove the existence of the Gods? |
1750 | Who could select 180 persons of each class, fitted to be senators? |
1750 | Who knows but we may be aiming at the greater, and fail of attaining the lesser? |
1750 | Who will ever believe this? |
1750 | Why do I mention this? |
1750 | Why do I say this? |
1750 | Why do we call virtue, which is a single thing, by the two names of wisdom and courage? |
1750 | Why have I made this remark? |
1750 | Why, surely our courage is shown in imagining that the new colonists will quietly receive our laws? |
1750 | Why, then, does any dishonour attach to a beneficent occupation? |
1750 | Will any one be able to imitate the human body, if he does not know the number, proportion, colour, or figure of the limbs? |
1750 | Will he be able to command merely because he has military skill if he be a coward, who, when danger comes, is sick and drunk with fear? |
1750 | Will he who is seduced learn the habit of courage; or will the seducer acquire temperance? |
1750 | Will not a man be able to judge of it best from a point of view in which he may behold the progress of states and their transitions to good or evil? |
1750 | Will not a man find abstinence more easy when his body is sound than when he is in ill- condition? |
1750 | Will not all men censure as womanly him who imitates the woman? |
1750 | Will not poets and spectators and actors all agree in this? |
1750 | Will not the fear of impiety enable them to conquer that which many who were inferior to them have conquered? |
1750 | Will not the legislator, observing the order of nature, begin by making regulations for states about births? |
1750 | Will such passions implant in the soul of him who is seduced the habit of courage, or in the soul of the seducer the principle of temperance? |
1750 | Will the same figures or sounds be equally well adapted to the manly and the cowardly when they are in trouble? |
1750 | Will this be the way? |
1750 | Will you admit that in all societies there must be a leader? |
1750 | Will you allow me then to explain how I should have liked to have heard you expound the matter? |
1750 | Will you hear me tell how great I deem the evil to be? |
1750 | Would a pilot who is sea- sick be a good pilot? |
1750 | Would any man willingly degrade or weaken that? |
1750 | Would not this have been the way? |
1750 | Would you make a bargain with a man in order to try whether he is honest? |
1750 | Yes; but may I tell you the effect which the preceding discourse has had upon me? |
1750 | Yes; but of what nature is this union? |
1750 | You admit that wine stimulates the passions? |
1750 | You are aware that there are these two classes of doctors? |
1750 | You are speaking of the degradation of the soul: but how about the body? |
1750 | You know that there are such things as length, breadth, and depth? |
1750 | You will admit that anger is of a violent and destructive nature? |
1750 | You will say, How, and with what weapons? |
1750 | You will surely grant so much? |
1750 | You would agree? |
1750 | and if to be just is to be happy, what is that principle of happiness or good which is superior to pleasure? |
1750 | and should not other writings either agree with them, or if they disagree, be deemed ridiculous? |
1750 | and why are you so perplexed in your mind? |
1750 | and''Do I attain my aim, or do I miss the mark?'' |
1750 | how shall we give our state a head and eyes? |
1750 | it was a question requiring serious consideration-- Who should execute a sentence? |
1750 | or are some things in motion, and some things at rest? |
1750 | or how can the lawgiver rightly direct you about them? |
1750 | or is there any way in which our city can be made to resemble the head and senses of rational beings because possessing such a guardian power? |
1750 | or rather, who will not blame the effeminacy of him who yields to pleasures and is unable to hold out against them? |
1750 | or shall we give heed to them above all? |
1750 | or shall we leave them and return to our laws, lest the prelude should become longer than the law? |
1750 | or shall we make the punishment of all to be alike, under the idea that there is no such thing as voluntary crime? |
1750 | or what settlements of states are greater or more famous? |
1750 | or when wealth, beauty, strength, and all the intoxicating workings of pleasure madden us? |
1750 | that it is a principle of wisdom and virtue, or a principle which has neither wisdom nor virtue? |
1750 | will you explain the law more precisely? |