subject-virginia-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 37 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 628,153 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 16,977 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 89. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

will, may, haue, one, men, shall, many, great, much, vs, two, virginia, good, yet, make, time, bee, first, like, made, well, now, must, also, sir, vpon, three, england, wee, english, god, captaine, man, people, hundred, doe, though, long, without, part, sent, trees, land, new, thomas, take, found, let, till, little

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England., Virginia, more especially the south part thereof, richly and truly valued viz. the fertile Carolana, and no lesse excellent Isle of Roanoak, of latitude from 31 to 37 degr. relating the meanes of raysing infinite profits to the adventurers and planters., and Virginia''s discovery of silke-vvorms, with their benefit and the implanting of mulberry trees : also the dressing and keeping of vines, for the rich trade of making wines there : together with the making of the saw-mill, very usefull in Virginia, for cutting of timber and clapbord, to build with-all, and its conversion to other as profitable uses..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

sir thomas, english books, early english, books online, must bee, iames towne, haue beene, next day, may bee, one hundred, page images, text creation, creation partnership, captaine smith, will bee, sir iohn, two hundred, sir george, thomas dale, thomas gates, new england, mulbery trees, west indies, three hundred, will make, euery man, great store, let vs, image sets, represented either, shall haue, characters represented, tcp schema, vnto vs, short time, early works, sir william, wee haue, thomas smith, captaine newport, long time, wee may, haue made, wee shall, south sea, haue done, fresh water, one another, shall see, fiue hundred

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are By his Maiesties Councell for Virginia. Whereas vpon the returne of Sir Thomas Dale Knight, (Marshall of Virginia) the Treasurer, Councell, and Company of the same, haue beene throughly informed and assured of the good estate of that colony ... Virginia''s God be thanked, or A sermon of thanksgiving for the happie successe of the affayres in Virginia this last yeare. Preached by Patrick Copland at Bow-Church in Cheapside, before the Honorable Virginia Company, on Thursday, the 18. of Aprill 1622. And now published by the commandement of the said honorable Company. Hereunto are adjoyned some epistles, written first in Latine (and now Englished) in the East Indies by Peter Pope, an Indian youth, borne in the bay of Bengala, who was first taught and converted by the said P.C. And after baptized by Master Iohn Wood, Dr in Divinitie, in a famous assembly before the Right Worshipfull, the East India Company, at S. Denis in Fan-Church streete in London, December 22. 1616, and A true discourse of the present estate of Virginia and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of Iune. 1614. Together with a relation of the seuerall English townes and forts, the assured hopes of that countrie and the peace concluded with the Indians. The christening of Powhatans daughter and her mariage with an English-man. Written by Raphe Hamor the yonger, late secretarie in that colony..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, virginia, english, king, england, haue, god, plantation, lord, thomas, south, sea, man, indians, west, north, company, captaine, wormes, wine, vine, sir, silke, nation, mulberry, island, iohn, country, countries, countrey, colony, china, bee, world, wee, vessell, sunne, staple, saluages, river, riuer, powhatan, oyle, olive, new, nature, mulberries, moone, land, italy

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be haue, and A sermon preached in London before the right honorable the Lord Lavvarre, Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall of Virginea, and others of his Maiesties Counsell for that kingdome, and the rest of the aduenturers in that plantation At the said Lord Generall his leaue taking of England his natiue countrey, and departure for Virginea, Febr. 21. 1609. By W. Crashaw Bachelar of Diuinitie, and preacher at the Temple. Wherein both the lawfulnesse of that action is maintained, and the necessity thereof is also demonstrated, not so much out of the grounds of policie, as of humanity, equity, and Christianity. Taken from his mouth, and published by direction. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. haue - The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England.
2. bee - A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...
3. shall - Leah and Rachel, or, the two fruitfull sisters Virginia and Mary-land: their present condition, impartially stated and related. VVith a removall of such imputations as are scandalously cast on those countries, whereby many deceived souls, chose rather to beg, steal, rot in prison, and come to shamefull deaths, then to better their being by going thither, wherein is plenty of all things necessary for humane subsistance. / By John Hammond.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. haue, vs, men - The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England.
2. bee, wine, virginia - Virginia, more especially the south part thereof, richly and truly valued viz. the fertile Carolana, and no lesse excellent Isle of Roanoak, of latitude from 31 to 37 degr. relating the meanes of raysing infinite profits to the adventurers and planters.
3. shall, like, good - A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...
4. haue, god, vs - A sermon preached in London before the right honorable the Lord Lavvarre, Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall of Virginea, and others of his Maiesties Counsell for that kingdome, and the rest of the aduenturers in that plantation At the said Lord Generall his leaue taking of England his natiue countrey, and departure for Virginea, Febr. 21. 1609. By W. Crashaw Bachelar of Diuinitie, and preacher at the Temple. Wherein both the lawfulnesse of that action is maintained, and the necessity thereof is also demonstrated, not so much out of the grounds of policie, as of humanity, equity, and Christianity. Taken from his mouth, and published by direction.
5. said, heirs, vve - Septima pars patentium de anno regni Regis Jacobi Secundi quarto

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, time, man, people, part, place, others, trees, water, day, ground, way, land, things, themselues, text, places, rest, foure, fish, tree, nothing, nature, selfe, manner, house, reason, thing, ships, ship, labour, end, parts, meanes, sorts, miles, hee, world, owne, country, hand, store, charge, houses, number, hath, commodities, p., dayes, times

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, was, were, had, being, have, make, made, haue, bee, sent, take, found, let, did, set, come, called, came, see, put, been, brought, know, done, said, returned, having, went, taken, bring, say, according, do, left, hath, cut, planted, plant, grow, hauing, cast, doe, call, send, keepe, lay, encoded

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

virginia, haue, ●, sir, england, god, captaine, wee, thomas, iohn, hath, english, king, tcp, master, doe, sea, countrey, william, bee, lord, beene, vine, smith, corne, wine, new, vs, owne, west, plantation, company, indians, c., south, richard, george, powhatan, saluages, land, river, s., silke, court, councell, henry, country, wormes, m., hee

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

they, their, it, them, his, our, i, we, he, you, him, your, my, her, me, us, she, its, themselves, thy, ours, vp, thee, himself, theirs, one, vnto, mine, yours, ye, yeere, yee, whereof, severall, hee, ●, trodden, s, itself, foorth, y, wil, wh, vvith, vntill, tyrany, pl, ourselves, lye, l

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, many, great, good, more, much, first, little, small, same, best, most, next, better, new, long, full, large, true, english, rich, last, haue, excellent, greater, old, whole, few, able, high, second, common, noble, present, early, least, sufficient, white, particular, like, strong, own, worthy, greatest, former, fit, third, ready, strange

not, so, then, more, very, now, also, as, well, there, much, most, onely, out, thus, yet, vs, therefore, here, first, together, too, long, in, away, up, rather, off, never, thereof, ever, still, about, forth, only, all, sometimes, neere, over, especially, presently, easily, vpon, before, no, better, almost, already, further, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

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