Distant Reader - subject-swearing-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 17 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 200,813 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 11,812 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 93. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, swearing, one, may, swear, shall, men, sin, oath, yet, non, name, roman, us, much, man, yea, lord, gods, like, christ, now, good, day, great, say, make, every, law, text, oaths, let, take, many, things, truth, also, without, though, must, therefore, self, word, well, thing, words, use, others, first

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Gods judgements upon drunkards, swearers, and sabbath-breakers. In a collection of the most remarkable examples of Gods revealed wrath upon these sins with their aggravations, as well from scripture, as reason. And a caution to authority, lest the impunity of these evils bring a scourge upon the whole nation. By W. L., One antidote more, against that provoking sin of swearing, by reason of which this land now mourneth given forth from under the burden of the oppressed seed of God, by way of reply both to Henry Den''s epistle about the lawfulness, antiquity, and universality of an oath, and his answers to the Quakers objections against it, recommended (by him) to all the prisons in this city and nation to such as chuse restraint, rather then the violation of their consciences : and also to Jeremiah Ives his printed plea for swearing, entitituled, The great case of conscience opened, &c. about the lawfulness or unlawfulness of swearing, which said reply to these two opposers of the truth, as it is in Jesus, is recommended not onely to all the prisons in this city and nation, and to all such real Christians, as chuse restraint rather then the violation of their consciences, but also, to all such nominal Christians out of prison, as, rather then restrain, chuse to purchase their earthly liberties by swearing, to the violation of the command of Christ, who saith, Mat. 5.33, swaer not at all. Jam. 5.12, above all things my brethren swear not / by Samuel Fisher ..., and A sovereign antidote, or, A precious mithridate for recovery of souls twice dead in sin, and buried in the grave of long custome, to the life of grace. With hopeful means (God blessing the same) to prevent that three-fold (and worse than Ægyptian) plague of the heart; drunkenness, swearing, and profaneness. Wherein is a sweet composition of severity and mercy: of indignation against sin, of compassion and commiseration to the sinner; with such Christian moderation, as may argue zeal without malice; and a desire to win souls, no will to gall them. By R. Younge of Roxwell in Essex..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, english books, early english, lords day, books online, page images, creation partnership, text creation, living god, gods judgements, early works, every one, let us, gods name, old time, take heed, represented either, characters represented, image sets, tcp schema, god will, holy name, sabbath day, prophane swearing, sacred name, commercial purposes, encoded text, tcp assigned, pfs batch, asking permission, image set, tiff page, holy ghost, batch review, financial support, proquest page, encoded edition, images scanned, xml conversion, work described, common swearing, markup reviewed, bit group, creative commons, without asking, online text, iv tiff, institutions providing, providing financial, text transcribed

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A sovereign antidote, or, A precious mithridate for recovery of souls twice dead in sin, and buried in the grave of long custome, to the life of grace. With hopeful means (God blessing the same) to prevent that three-fold (and worse than Ægyptian) plague of the heart; drunkenness, swearing, and profaneness. Wherein is a sweet composition of severity and mercy: of indignation against sin, of compassion and commiseration to the sinner; with such Christian moderation, as may argue zeal without malice; and a desire to win souls, no will to gall them. By R. Younge of Roxwell in Essex. A treatise proving by what our Saviour saith concerning swearing, St. Matth. 5. 34 first, that swearing is restrained and explained by him in point of religion and piety, and secondly, that it is not taken away quite in the concerns of civil right and policy : published for confinement unto those that are loose in this matter, and for liberty of conscience unto such as bind themselves where they have no need : the one''s excess being a misbehaviour against religion, and the other defect, an errour against governemtn and policy / by an elderly man, a Master of Arts, of above forty years standing ..., and A testimony against gaming, musick, dancing, singing, swearing and peoples calling upon God to damn them. As also against drinking to excess, whoring, lying, and cheating. Commended to the consciences of all people in the sight of God, but more especially to those, who keep publick houses..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, tcp, lord, law, swearing, sin, roman, oath, christ, oaths, man, justice, gods, saviour, king, gentleman, early, devil, yea, world, vice, truth, town, thy, thing, swearer, swear, sir, satan, sabbath, reverence, repentance, psal, plea, peace, oxford, oathes, nations, nation, musick, miracles, minister, men, mat, lords, light, judgements, joh, honour, guilt

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and One antidote more, against that provoking sin of swearing, by reason of which this land now mourneth given forth from under the burden of the oppressed seed of God, by way of reply both to Henry Den''s epistle about the lawfulness, antiquity, and universality of an oath, and his answers to the Quakers objections against it, recommended (by him) to all the prisons in this city and nation to such as chuse restraint, rather then the violation of their consciences : and also to Jeremiah Ives his printed plea for swearing, entitituled, The great case of conscience opened, &c. about the lawfulness or unlawfulness of swearing, which said reply to these two opposers of the truth, as it is in Jesus, is recommended not onely to all the prisons in this city and nation, and to all such real Christians, as chuse restraint rather then the violation of their consciences, but also, to all such nominal Christians out of prison, as, rather then restrain, chuse to purchase their earthly liberties by swearing, to the violation of the command of Christ, who saith, Mat. 5.33, swaer not at all. Jam. 5.12, above all things my brethren swear not / by Samuel Fisher ... is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, sin, man, name, swearing, day, things, thing, others, self, words, truth, time, text, t, way, word, sins, place, reason, nothing, heart, people, none, one, end, case, life, use, soul, viz, hath, death, yea, times, evil, part, hand, works, gods, light, world, nature, fire, persons, texts, souls, conscience, manner, house

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, do, swear, were, being, had, did, say, make, let, take, been, said, made, see, think, swearing, ''s, know, come, give, used, hear, speak, use, set, done, taken, am, put, makes, given, according, read, does, call, hath, consider, has, called, go, found, live, having, find, encoded

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, oath, christ, lord, swearing, thou, yea, law, gods, oaths, i., heaven, tcp, h., c., d., hath, ●, king, 〉, saviour, earth, ◊, sir, hell, mat, lords, justice, 〈, name, text, gospel, word, devil, holy, english, christians, sabbath, mr., john, paul, man, world, men, sect, ye, oxford, truth, rom, swearer

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, he, they, their, i, you, them, him, our, we, your, us, my, himself, thy, me, themselves, her, its, she, thee, one, yours, theirs, ''em, ''s, ye, ours, mine, us''d, thou, ourselves, em, ●, yourself, whereof, undiscover''d, sever''d, pelf, nay, itself, isra''l, ian, gods

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, non, -, roman, other, more, own, great, good, many, same, much, true, common, little, first, least, vain, very, old, early, last, better, most, former, greater, dead, sad, wicked, like, english, worse, second, whole, holy, few, poor, guilty, due, general, evil, full, wise, best, lawful, false, sure, drunk, greatest, sacred

not, so, then, as, more, now, also, therefore, only, all, most, out, much, at, up, never, well, here, yet, even, too, very, rather, thus, ever, onely, down, away, indeed, in, no, far, again, there, once, first, just, often, together, long, still, off, thereof, else, truly, especially, instead, forth, commonly, enough

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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