subject-societyOfFriends-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-25 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 632 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 13,286,526 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 21,022 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 94. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, christ, will, spirit, light, us, man, one, lord, may, men, shall, yet, say, now, things, people, true, life, truth, many, without, power, come, world, word, words, made, faith, also, therefore, though, every, law, must, first, doth, scripture, quakers, good, church, holy, great, much, way, see, ye, time, know, saith

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The memorable works of a son of thunder and consolation namely that true prophet and faithful servant of God and sufferer for the testimony of Jesus, Edward Burroughs, who dyed a prisoner for the word of God in the city of London, the fourteenth of the twelfth moneth, 1662., Rusticus ad academicos in exercitationibus expostulatoriis, apologeticis quatuor The rustick''s alarm to the rabbies, or, The country correcting the university and clergy, and ... contesting for the truth ... : in four apologeticall and expostulatory exercitations : wherein is contained, as well a general account to all enquirers, as a general answer to all opposers of the most truly catholike and most truly Christ-like Chistians [sic] called Quakers, and of the true divinity of their doctrine : by way of entire entercourse held in special with four of the clergies chieftanes, viz, John Owen ... Tho. Danson ... John Tombes ... Rich. Baxter ... by Samuel Fisher ..., and The dawnings of the gospel-day and its light and glory discovered by Francis Howgil..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

jesus christ, every man, christ jesus, light within, english books, early english, every one, holy ghost, books online, holy spirit, called quakers, lord jesus, page images, lord god, text creation, creation partnership, one another, let us, made manifest, may see, brought forth, true light, people called, holy scriptures, false prophets, must needs, man christ, true church, eternal life, christ within, living god, god will, characters represented, tcp schema, image sets, represented either, george fox, without us, take heed, take notice, will never, lord will, given forth, christ without, new testament, good works, many things, holy men, whole world, th moneth

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are True old light exalted above pretended new light, or, Treatise of Jesus Christ as He is the light which enlightens every one that comes into the world : against the sense both of the Quakers, Arminians, and other assertors of universal grace, whose light is proved to be darkness / delivered in nine sermons, by John Tombes, B.D., and commended to publick view by Mr. Richard Baxter. Truth further clear''d from mistakes being two chapters out of the book entituled, Primitive Christianity reviv''d : plainly acknowledging the benefit accruing by the death and suffering of our Lord Jesus Christ for the salvation of mankind, together with a comparison of the principles of the people called Quakers, and the perversions of their opposers, by way of postscript / by W.P., and A short answer to a book set forth by seven priests, who call themselves ministers of the gospel of Christ; but are plainly discovered to be lyers, and slanderers, and envious of them who are the true ministers of Christ, who abide in his doctrine. With a vvord to the reader, to read with understanding, and let the light of Jesus Christ within judge; for to that in the conscience it is spoken..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, lord, spirit, christ, tcp, light, law, church, quakers, man, life, scriptures, truth, people, power, scripture, gospel, world, father, faith, holy, word, son, body, saints, friends, apostle, doctrine, men, ministers, religion, meeting, book, soul, king, priests, government, prophets, ministry, john, earth, devil, court, blood, seed, rule, oath, nation, christians, flesh

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Reflections upon some passages in a book, entitled reflections upon the conduct of human life. With reference to the study of learning and knowledge. By Edmund Elys. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. christ - Verus Patroclus, or, The weapons of Quakerism, the weakness of Quakerism being a discourse, wherein the choicest arguments for their chief tenets are enervat, and their best defences annihilat : several abominations, not heretofore so directly discovered, unmasked : with a digression explicative of the doctrine anent the necessity of the spirits operation, and an appendix, vindicating, Rom. 9. from the depravations of an Arminian / by William Jamison.
2. god - The invisible things of God brought to light by the revelation of the eternal spirit who was an ey-witness of the wonders of the Lord in the beginning : wherein is declared the felicity of all things in the beginning and the sad estate of all things after the transgression ... / by Francis Howgill.
3. said - A brief account of some of the late and present sufferings of the people called Quakers for meeting together to worship God in spirit and truth, being prosecuted by the statute of the 22th Car. 2. Cap. I., entituled, An act to prevent & supress seditious conventicles, by the prosecution of which act many families have had their estates wholly wasted and ruined, contrary to the law of God, the antient laws of the kingdom, and to nature itself : together with a particular account of such of the above said people who have dyed prisoners, from the year 1660 to 1880, I. for meeting together to worship God, &c., II. for refusing for conscience sake to swear in any case, III. for not going to the parish church, and not paying to the repair of the same, and not paying offering money, small tythes, &c. : humbly presented to the King, Lords & Commons in Parliament assembled.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. god, lord, christ - The invisible things of God brought to light by the revelation of the eternal spirit who was an ey-witness of the wonders of the Lord in the beginning : wherein is declared the felicity of all things in the beginning and the sad estate of all things after the transgression ... / by Francis Howgill.
2. christ, god, man - An answer to George Keith''s Narrative of his proceedings at Turners-Hall, on the 11th of the month called June, 1696 wherein his charges against divers of the people called Quakers (both in that, and in another book of his, called, Gross error & hypocrosie detected) are fairly considered, examined, and refuted / by Thomas Ellwood.
3. god, christ, light - Quakerisme the path-way to paganisme, or, A vieu of the Quakers religion being an examination of the theses and apologie of Robert Barclay, one of their number, published lately in Latine, to discover to the world, what that is, which they hold and owne for the only true Christian religion / by John Brown ...
4. text, tcp, said - A brief account of some of the late and present sufferings of the people called Quakers for meeting together to worship God in spirit and truth, being prosecuted by the statute of the 22th Car. 2. Cap. I., entituled, An act to prevent & supress seditious conventicles, by the prosecution of which act many families have had their estates wholly wasted and ruined, contrary to the law of God, the antient laws of the kingdom, and to nature itself : together with a particular account of such of the above said people who have dyed prisoners, from the year 1660 to 1880, I. for meeting together to worship God, &c., II. for refusing for conscience sake to swear in any case, III. for not going to the parish church, and not paying to the repair of the same, and not paying offering money, small tythes, &c. : humbly presented to the King, Lords & Commons in Parliament assembled.
5. church, men, god - A light shining out of darknes [sic], or, Occasional queries submitted to the judgment of such as would enquire into the true state of things in our times

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

man, light, things, men, people, words, truth, way, time, p., scripture, thing, day, scriptures, life, hath, self, sin, others, power, faith, work, body, word, part, name, heart, world, end, nothing, doth, none, works, death, place, spirit, text, reason, viz, hearts, blood, selves, saints, one, nature, mind, knowledge, books, glory, matter

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, had, say, did, said, been, being, come, made, know, see, called, make, let, given, according, give, take, believe, hath, done, came, deny, prove, speak, put, set, concerning, having, am, brought, has, read, go, received, taken, call, think, found, ''s, known, sent, bring, written

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, christ, lord, spirit, thou, 〉, ◊, 〈, hath, c., law, church, quakers, jesus, ye, man, world, life, holy, g., word, light, gospel, john, faith, power, truth, w., father, men, doctrine, tcp, son, ●, book, heaven, yea, r., pag, christians, apostles, christian, paul, england, flesh, earth, righteousness, f., ministers, new

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, he, his, they, them, i, you, their, him, we, your, us, our, my, me, thy, himself, themselves, its, her, thee, she, ye, theirs, one, ours, yours, mine, ''em, ''s, itself, ourselves, thou, s, l, em, myself, whereof, thyself, yee, us''d, ●, i.os, herself, hers, vvhat, u, whosoever, ts, ay

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, true, own, many, other, same, great, good, more, false, first, much, outward, little, whole, holy, old, least, spiritual, contrary, perfect, manifest, very, several, new, saith, pure, present, last, evil, second, free, sufficient, particular, early, wicked, eternal, general, high, natural, common, dead, plain, most, poor, faithful, able, necessary, full, former

not, so, then, now, up, also, therefore, more, as, yet, only, here, thus, forth, never, even, out, ever, again, well, very, most, much, down, in, there, all, away, first, far, thereof, together, too, indeed, still, truly, rather, at, before, off, else, no, therein, just, further, onely, once, long, thereby, over

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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