Distant Reader - subject-religiousTolerance-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 43 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 854,657 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 19,875 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 88. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, church, may, men, will, religion, one, yet, shall, power, christ, things, us, man, now, first, law, must, lord, people, many, churches, therefore, worship, much, good, world, truth, though, conscience, way, true, say, make, reason, made, civill, without, great, thing, others, peace, well, magistrates, every, magistrate, also, christian, government, authority

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The blovdy tenent, of persecution, for cause of conscience, discussed, in a conference betweene trvth and peace vvho, in all tender affection, present to the high court of Parliament, as the result of their discourse, these, amongst other passages, of highest consideration., The casting down of the last and strongest hold of Satan. Or, A treatise against toleration and pretended liberty of conscience: wherein by Scripture, sound reason, fathers, schoolmen, casuists, Protestant divines of all nations, confessions of faith of the Reformed Churches, ecclesiastical histories, and constant practice of the most pious and wisest emperours, princes, states, the best writers of politicks, the experience of all ages; yea, by divers principles, testimonies and proceedings of sectaries themselves, as Donatists, Anabaptists, Brownists, Independents, the unlawfulnesse and mischeif [sic] in Christian commonwealths and kingdoms both of a vniversal toleration of all religions and consciences, and of a limited and bounded of some sects only, are clearly proved and demonstrated, with all the materiall grounds and reasons brought for such tolerations fully answered. / By Thomas Edvvards, Minister of the Gospel. The first part., and Animadversions on a treatise intituled Fiat lux, or, A guide in differences of religion, between papist and Protestant, Presbyterian and independent by a Protestant..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

new testament, english books, early english, lord iesus, books online, old testament, roman non, civill magistrate, false prophets, tells us, christ iesus, must needs, one another, let us, lord jesus, civill state, page images, every man, text creation, creation partnership, christian religion, jesus christ, gods people, every one, true religion, coercive power, take away, civil magistrate, will never, christ jesus, amongst us, tell us, second table, tcp schema, represented either, men may, characters represented, image sets, holy ghost, man may, iesus christ, magistrates power, true church, false teachers, many things, first table, civill magistrates, much less, learned men, gods worship

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A discourse concerning liberty of conscience In which are contain''d proposalls, about what liberty in this kind is now politically expedient to be given, and severall reasons to shew how much the peace and welfare of the nation is concern''d therein. By R.T. Tertullus Christianus, or, Thanks for the Kings indulgence, with a rebuke of ingratitude., and A discourse of ecclesiastical politie wherein the authority of the civil magistrate over the consciences of subjects in matters of external religion is asserted : the mischiefs and incoveniences of toleration are represented, and all pretenses pleaded in behalf of liberty of conscience are fully answered..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

religion, god, tcp, church, lord, law, churches, gospel, christian, man, magistrate, conscience, laws, king, government, christ, nation, authority, world, scripture, power, ministers, kings, jews, truth, testament, state, roman, reason, people, parliament, papists, oath, new, kingdome, england, christians, worship, toleration, spirit, scriptures, saints, rule, princes, pope, paul, nature, nations, majesty, magistrates

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and An Answer to the Bishop of Rochester''s second letter to the Earl of Dorset &c. by an English-man. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, things, religion, man, power, people, way, thing, others, reason, truth, time, t, peace, matters, worship, part, scripture, world, persons, churches, place, nothing, death, words, kings, text, conscience, nature, hath, self, word, p., end, author, case, faith, none, use, matter, day, name, cause, one, liberty, viz, state, times, judgement, duty

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, do, being, been, say, make, did, made, let, according, said, know, take, given, has, come, give, see, done, concerning, put, think, set, having, believe, hath, taken, prove, am, read, does, judge, find, answer, called, use, brought, found, used, suppose, commanded, written, bring, says

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, christ, 〉, ◊, lord, 〈, law, c., magistrates, religion, churches, hath, authority, government, christian, civill, gospel, england, king, magistrate, world, conscience, christians, laws, power, tcp, testament, state, iesus, gods, ●, de, israel, spirit, ministers, l., princes, english, doctrine, protestants, paul, worship, papists, liberty, yea, jesus, new, moses, word

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, their, his, he, them, i, our, we, him, you, us, themselves, my, your, himself, its, me, her, she, thy, theirs, thee, ours, one, mine, ye, yours, itself, ''s, severall, us''d, herself, whosoever, whereof, ourselves, l, judg''d, brag''d, ''em, wr, vvhat, uon, ts, trodden, thē, quo, punish''d, pe, oracula

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, many, own, same, true, good, great, first, more, false, much, common, whole, particular, least, old, new, second, present, little, most, non, greater, necessary, civil, private, very, able, roman, -, last, best, better, holy, like, high, contrary, former, few, religious, christian, early, free, due, outward, english, general, greatest, evident

not, so, then, now, as, only, more, therefore, yet, up, also, well, most, never, ever, here, very, out, first, much, even, thus, too, far, indeed, away, all, rather, there, secondly, in, onely, down, together, forth, still, off, else, otherwise, certainly, at, no, especially, thereof, once, before, just, that, again, long

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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