Distant Reader - subject-religionAndPolitics-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 11 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 87,906 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 7,991 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, shall, men, will, one, us, may, religion, citt, king, now, yet, man, good, people, text, therefore, ye, much, great, many, bum, must, lord, state, also, let, church, tcp, first, without, make, policy, made, well, either, time, parliament, christian, conscience, gods, two, way, true, like, english, truth, place, kings, every

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A fannaticks letter sent out of the dungeon of the gate-house prison of VVestminster: to all his brethren in the three nations at liberty; and also in the several goales and dungeons therein, that are under all the principles of the doctrines of Christ, Heb. 6. I, 2. By Henry Adis, a baptized believer, undergoing the name of a free-willer; and also most ignomineously by the tongue of infamy, called a fannatick, or a mad man., Heauen and earth, religion and policy. Or, The maine difference betweene religion and policy. Written by C.L., and An usefull case of conscience discussed and resolved concerning associations and confederacies with idolaters, infidels, hereticks, or any other known enemies of truth and godlinesse. By Master George Gillespie, late minister at Edinburgh. Whereunto is subjoyned a letter, written by him to the commissioners of the Generall Assembly, in the time of his sicknesse: together with his testimony unto this truth, written two dayes before his death..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

english books, early english, books online, let us, page images, roman non, text creation, creation partnership, early works, jesus christ, religious policy, image sets, represented either, characters represented, tcp schema, catholique church, prosperous fortune, king charles, every man, christian states, euery man, pfs batch, proquest page, creative commons, institutions providing, commercial purposes, encoded edition, text transcribed, without asking, markup reviewed, shall resolve, encoded text, tiff page, images scanned, financial support, asking permission, providing financial, batch review, bit group, tcp assigned, work described, image set, xml conversion, online text, iv tiff, will never, wicked persons, wicked men, ye shall, euill men

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Ecclesia & Factio a dialogue between Bow-Steeple Dragon and the Exchange Grasshopper. Predictions of the overthrow of popery, and the landing of the Prince of Orange in the west written by George Wither Esquire, in the year 1660 ; and some proposals for perpetual Parliament written by the same author in 1652., and The committee; or popery in masquerade.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, god, king, church, state, people, lord, world, war, thing, tei, sheriffs, roman, religious, religion, protestant, prince, policy, petition, parliament, officers, nation, month, mat, master, laws, law, kingdom, heb, government, english, early, david, crown, covenant, county, conscience, common, committees, citt, chron, christian, christ, bumpkin, authority, army, ans

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Predictions of the overthrow of popery, and the landing of the Prince of Orange in the west written by George Wither Esquire, in the year 1660 ; and some proposals for perpetual Parliament written by the same author in 1652. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, man, citt, people, bum, religion, t, text, time, way, things, place, self, reason, kings, thing, enemies, truth, work, part, selves, conscience, works, life, policy, euery, others, hand, cause, texts, hands, words, images, books, times, nature, day, world, state, practise, hath, end, purpose, death, name, xml, persons, page, characters, nothing

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, had, been, let, did, being, make, made, say, take, ''s, know, according, come, see, am, put, set, done, go, said, encoded, taken, look, has, give, found, known, hath, called, tell, having, written, making, given, speak, keep, thought, based, sent, find, brought, think, stand

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, king, lord, ye, tcp, church, parliament, state, religion, christ, 〉, ◊, 〈, gods, hath, ●, c., thou, law, christian, policy, text, england, covenant, government, english, citt, army, bumpkin, world, haue, authority, david, tei, kingdom, jesus, eebo, conscience, prince, nation, generall, policie, house, holy, states, london, crown, common, oxford, power

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

their, his, i, it, they, you, we, our, them, he, your, my, him, us, me, himself, themselves, her, thy, thee, ye, its, l, she, mine, ours, ''s, yours, us''d, theirs, one, ''em, à, vp, surpriz''d, shou''d, ourselves, no''t, nay, iehosophat

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, many, other, good, great, own, true, same, much, wicked, more, religious, first, early, whole, better, holy, common, best, english, -, non, most, late, roman, christian, lawfull, very, least, little, high, free, former, false, particular, last, available, present, necessary, worse, several, greater, like, new, full, second, right, prosperous, dangerous, sacred

not, so, then, now, therefore, most, also, up, as, yet, very, onely, well, never, more, only, much, out, even, too, first, again, still, in, together, thus, here, ever, down, all, just, away, off, rather, on, there, sometimes, once, long, online, far, early, at, secondly, no, therein, over, back, above, further

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.