Distant Reader - subject-papacy-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 7 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 520,700 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 74,385 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 84. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

et, non, est, ad, church, de, ut, pope, qui, bishops, quod, god, cum, one, bishop, rome, power, sed, will, popes, quae, kings, king, may, si, per, emperor, shall, sunt, christ, made, first, se, pro, many, quam, must, others, dei, yet, hoc, ab, anno, without, ex, ecclesiae, council, great, men, ejus

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are An exact chronological history and full display of popes intollerable usurpations upon the antient just rights, liberties, of the kings, kingdoms, clergy, nobility, commons of England and Ireland, The Romane conclaue VVherein, by way of history, exemplified vpon the liues of the Romane emperours, from Charles the Great, to Rodulph now reigning; the forcible entries, and vsurpations of the Iesuited statists, successiuely practised against the sacred maiestie of the said empire: and so by application, against the residue of the Christian kings, and free-states are liuely acted, and truely reported. By Io. Vrsinus ante-Iesuite., and An answer to Mr. Dodwell and Dr. Sherlocke, confuting an universal humane church-supremacy aristocratical and monarchical, as church-tyranny and popery : and defending Dr. Isaac Barrow''s treatise against it by Richard Baxter ; preparatory to a fuller treatise against such an universal soveraignty as contrary to reason, Christianity, the Protestant profession, and the Church of England, though the corrupters usurp that title..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

non est, non solum, catholick church, surius concil, general council, usque ad, high priest, ecclesiastical jurisdiction, alvarus pelagius, jesus christ, id est, pope leo, quod non, sed etiam, si quis, ea quae, holy ghost, supream ecclesiastical, aventinus annal, de planctu, christian kings, every one, ab eo, high priests, christian world, qui non, quae sunt, romanae ecclesiae, english books, early english, sancti petri, si non, orthodox faith, quod si, sed non, one another, whole church, eo quod, roman church, apostolicae sedis, et non, informs us, much lesse, et si, hoc est, books online, popes supremacy, must needs, pope gregory, ad se

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are An exact chronological history and full display of popes intollerable usurpations upon the antient just rights, liberties, of the kings, kingdoms, clergy, nobility, commons of England and Ireland Of true religion, hæresie, schism, toleration, and what best means may be us''d against the growth of popery the author J.M., and Two short discourses against the Romanists by Henry Dodwell ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, pope, god, bishops, scripture, rome, government, city, churches, christian, authority, title, synod, roman, religion, princes, power, patriarch, office, lord, law, king, jurisdiction, empire, emperor, council, constantinople, communion, charles, cardinals, apostles, world, vpon, vicar, tom, text, testament, temporal, temple, tcp, synodus, surius, supremacy, supream, sunt, successors, subjects, st., spiritual, soveraign

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be et, and The Romane conclaue VVherein, by way of history, exemplified vpon the liues of the Romane emperours, from Charles the Great, to Rodulph now reigning; the forcible entries, and vsurpations of the Iesuited statists, successiuely practised against the sacred maiestie of the said empire: and so by application, against the residue of the Christian kings, and free-states are liuely acted, and truely reported. By Io. Vrsinus ante-Iesuite. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

ad, p., power, quod, kings, others, men, man, et, people, time, sunt, things, part, title, world, way, persons, place, c., reason, bishops, faith, person, self, atque, words, name, thing, life, omnes, death, case, authority, autem, word, church, cap, peace, churches, day, none, hee, times, order, hath, end, account, nothing, sicut

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, had, have, were, being, made, do, did, been, make, qui, see, said, take, say, give, done, sed, let, given, know, according, set, concerning, sent, sit, put, think, having, taken, prove, called, come, read, believe, gave, am, has, commanded, hath, find, est, brought, tell, ordained, obey, d

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

c., et, est, church, pope, de, 〉, god, bishops, 〈, cum, ◊, rome, bishop, qui, l., popes, emperor, king, christ, non, sed, dei, ●, quam, ab, council, ecclesiae, ut, anno, nec, lord, quae, peter, esse, se, quod, si, vel, deo, ex, ejus, st., emperors, nos, priests, col, contra, enim, ecclesia

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, it, their, he, they, them, i, him, you, we, our, me, himself, us, themselves, my, your, her, its, thy, she, thee, theirs, ye, ours, one, yours, whereof, vnto, mine, vp, quo, ps, non, dum, yeere, ne, g, f, diu, ‖, à, welf, vvork, vvhat, vntill, vitam, ut, u, tollit

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, many, own, great, non, same, more, first, true, whole, good, particular, pro, much, most, several, new, second, least, christian, necessary, ecclesiastical, high, general, sive, last, ancient, little, greater, common, third, present, very, large, chief, temporal, like, proper, ordinary, sufficient, civil, contrary, holy, nunc, former, greatest, old, false, roman

not, so, then, only, as, thus, therefore, most, more, now, well, up, here, also, yet, very, out, much, first, ever, even, magd, there, never, especially, far, rather, down, long, thereof, too, in, before, indeed, quae, no, together, alone, still, all, thereupon, therein, likewise, again, once, off, that, is, immediately, afterwards

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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