quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
in the case of251
on the other hand246
of the same species214
species of the same163
of the same genus139
a state of nature129
in a state of128
individuals of the same118
the case of the111
theory of natural selection106
on the theory of106
the theory of natural101
the origin of species94
the species of the93
at the same time93
in the course of90
the nature of the87
with respect to the80
in the same manner79
the struggle for existence79
the conditions of life75
the individuals of the73
reason to believe that72
the forms of life69
the theory of descent67
parts of the world63
the inhabitants of the62
as in the case60
the same manner as60
as we have seen57
survival of the fittest57
the development of the56
in the struggle for56
to a certain extent55
we have seen that54
it seems to me54
of the inhabitants of53
how it is that52
at the present day52
the structure of the51
in the same way50
the struggle for life50
varieties of the same50
members of the same50
to account for the49
one of the most48
of the theory of48
on the principle of48
related to each other48
of the origin of47
in regard to the47
differ from each other46
the surface of the46
action of natural selection45
the origin of the44
of descent with modification43
on the one hand43
in the economy of43
as well as the43
of the same class42
the manner in which42
of the united states42
of animals and plants41
i can see no40
species of a genus40
on the origin of40
variation and natural selection40
the economy of nature39
the direct action of38
to be the case37
in the scale of37
in comparison with the37
so it is with37
from each other in37
the survival of the36
theory of descent with36
from a common parent36
as far as we36
in the first place36
on the view of36
of the species of35
all the species of35
have been produced by35
is by no means35
the number of the35
of the geological record35
for the sake of34
the fact that the34
to the theory of34
of the same group34
it is probable that34
of some of the33
in nearly the same33
as a general rule33
other parts of the33
colouring and nidification of32
it is impossible to32
that there is a32
at a very early32
the doctrine of descent32
it may be asked32
could not have been32
the action of natural31
from a common progenitor31
the course of time31
belonging to the same31
at the present time31
the best chance of31
to believe that the31
understand how it is31
sexual colouring and nidification31
of all organic beings31
the form of the30
other species of the30
the production of new30
may be said to29
it is difficult to29
be said to be29
in accordance with the29
in the last chapter29
the action of the29
to the present day29
all the individuals of29
a better chance of29
is that of the28
and in this case28
to that of the28
instances could be given28
the process of modification28
to those of the28
every part of the28
on the view that28
from each other by28
is the case with28
a large number of28
of the larger genera28
we can see why28
direct action of the27
the commencement of the27
supposed to have been27
the amount of difference27
have reason to believe27
of first crosses and27
this is the case27
i have attempted to27
the length of the27
the number of species27
imperfection of the geological27
first crosses and of27
of the highest importance26
the shape of the26
in a lesser degree26
the same way as26
of our domestic animals26
to show that the26
cape of good hope26
far as we can26
and on the other26
we do not know26
the case with the26
crosses and of hybrids26
to the conditions of26
in relation to the26
and this is the26
we have reason to26
to the conclusion that25
of plants and animals25
separated from each other25
could be given of25
the whole of the25
of the glacial period25
have attempted to show25
can be shown to25
for the good of25
of the forms of25
of the lower animals25
be said to have25
as it seems to25
it is evident that25
the close of the25
of the higher animals25
we can understand how24
that some of the24
some of the species24
have the best chance24
the fact of the24
if we look to24
in the conditions of24
the cape of good24
descended from a common24
species of the larger24
distinct from each other24
principle of natural selection24
the existence of the24
the conditions of existence24
of the development of24
of the same kind24
we can understand the24
in the form of24
descended from a single23
quarters of the world23
to a large extent23
in some of the23
of any one species23
we may conclude that23
the physical conditions of23
a very early period23
the lapse of time23
to be found in23
of the organic world23
there is reason to23
with that of the23
in the long run23
amount of difference between22
the imperfection of the22
by the action of22
in the united states22
that there is no22
for the production of22
on the ordinary view22
it is that the22
in the formation of22
i do not doubt22
each species has been22
as long as the22
many of the species22
we can see that22
the truth of the22
can understand how it22
sterility of first crosses22
the base of the22
be accounted for by22
all parts of the22
in this case the22
to each other and22
the natural selection of22
is one of the21
with the theory of21
in so far as21
a greater number of21
in the same country21
the members of the21
the greatest number of21
the scale of nature21
the sterility of hybrids21
in the development of21
are said to be21
we see in the21
parts of the organisation21
in the production of21
the formation of the21
it can be shown21
each other and to21
the principle of inheritance21
have descended from a21
are more variable than21
in the highest degree21
a great number of21
the colour of the21
a vast number of21
long intervals of time21
in the way of21
some of the most21
of the existence of21
species in a state20
we may infer that20
in the structure of20
origin of species by20
we may suppose that20
the distribution of the20
cases in which the20
in other parts of20
the ordinary view of20
as that of the20
inherited at a corresponding20
law of natural selection20
groups subordinate to groups20
the history of the20
in the present essay20
for natural selection to20
nearly the same manner20
in the fact that20
of the conditions of20
descended from the same20
process of natural selection20
whole groups of species20
to the inhabitants of20
the productions of the20
as far as i20
each other in the20
we have seen in20
the species of a20
it is to be19
on the mountains of19
cases could be given19
like those of the19
for the purpose of19
the rest of the19
bear in mind that19
i believe that the19
to the origin of19
the immutability of species19
we look to the19
of the same family19
the principle of natural19
the several species of19
be found in the19
the sterility of first19
it is well known19
have a better chance19
as far as the19
changed conditions of life19
is reason to believe19
in a wild state19
will be able to19
there can be no19
quarter of the world18
old and new worlds18
part of the world18
the seeds of the18
manner in which the18
the theory of evolution18
in the individuals of18
it is certain that18
occasional means of transport18
the end of the18
can be shown that18
the same two species18
of the principle of18
be borne in mind18
have every reason to18
on the succession of18
the most important of18
means of natural selection18
accounted for by the18
the varieties of the18
we have every reason18
and it has been18
for a long period18
represented in the diagram18
of the present day18
a long course of18
than that of the18
so as to be18
the species which are18
as we shall hereafter18
in all parts of18
the old and new18
i am inclined to18
to the action of18
we shall hereafter see17
good reason to believe17
those of the nearest17
the doctrine of the17
from that of the17
american journal of science17
animal and vegetable kingdoms17
the law of natural17
we see the same17
distribution of organic beings17
do not doubt that17
with the exception of17
the bones of the17
it will be seen17
the great majority of17
the greater number of17
it is obvious that17
amount of difference in17
the case of a17
in every part of17
of the old and17
the opposite sides of17
within the limits of17
be due to the17
have descended from the17
on the nature of17
as soon as the17
our ignorance of the17
species of the genus17
seems to have been17
intermediate in character between17
physical conditions of life17
every reason to believe17
the theory of the17
the size of the17
closely related to each17
that the amount of17
at the commencement of17
the different species of17
of the laws of17
at a corresponding age17
to each other in17
i am convinced that17
to the direct action17
have been formed by17
that each species has17
the animal and vegetable17
might have been expected17
the male and female17
several species of the17
a few of the16
at the close of16
in the forms of16
on the other side16
that many of the16
it is with the16
be the result of16
parts of the same16
are descended from a16
by means of natural16
during the glacial period16
that it is the16
an important part in16
be shown to be16
unite for each birth16
of the galapagos archipelago16
changes in the conditions16
with those of the16
have descended from one16
been shown to be16
inhabitants of the world16
to the amount of16
in the organic world16
the face of the16
i do not believe16
in the same species16
a large amount of16
individuals of a species16
the colours of the16
the limits of the16
during the process of16
on the opposite sides16
the doctrine of evolution16
are supposed to have16
like that of the16
a considerable amount of16
as i hear from16
to me to be16
it might have been16
as we can judge16
the character of the16
part of the organisation16
the northern and southern16
of the animal kingdom16
on the distribution of16
early period of life16
facts could be given16
we look at the15
on the same plant15
in some degree intermediate15
have seen in the15
the effects of use15
a large part of15
within the same areas15
it would have been15
far as we know15
may be attributed to15
of organism to organism15
one part of the15
on the side of15
species belonging to the15
of the struggle for15
and the number of15
the most different climates15
the rank of species15
will be seen that15
we ought to find15
succession of the same15
it is clear that15
within the recent period15
europe and north america15
main divisions of the15
a more or less15
the inhabitants of each15
i am informed by15
and at the same15
for the most part15
a certain amount of15
it is interesting to15
there seems to be15
to the effects of15
we have no reason15
their conditions of life15
the individuals of a15
say a few words15
the geological succession of15
the position of the15
of the structure of15
at some period of15
more closely related to15
of the same types15
by the accumulation of15
and that of the15
of which we have15
in the process of15
it cannot be doubted15
the two sexes of15
take the place of15
in the midst of15
the theory of creation15
the cells of the15
a whole group of15
and in a lesser15
from flower to flower15
the greater part of15
the formation of new15
that it is not15
objections to the theory15
we can clearly see15
is shown by the15
low in the scale15
of the characters of15
on the shores of15
two or more species14
be attributed to the14
in the direction of14
is represented in the14
for a long time14
by the aid of14
varieties or incipient species14
is due to the14
the geological record is14
the natural history of14
in harmony with the14
inheritance from a common14
to suppose that the14
but this is not14
the geographical distribution of14
the average duration of14
from a common ancestor14
conditions of life are14
species by means of14
the duke of argyll14
the steps by which14
changing conditions of life14
descended from some one14
the existence of a14
in some slight degree14
different habits of life14
all the members of14
cannot be doubted that14
natural means of selection14
what may be called14
surface of the earth14
resemble each other in14
to have been produced14
to have been the14
for the development of14
in the different species14
number of the species14
the truth of this14
given in the origin14
would have to be14
the amount of variation14
seem to me to14
attempted to show that14
said to have been14
of many of the14
from the fact that14
informs me that he14
lay their eggs in14
a few words on14
the life of the14
of species by means14
in the animal kingdom14
as long as it14
of the same formation14
in a slight degree14
of the same country14
fertility of varieties when14
the importance of the14
we do not see14
occurs in the origin14
organic beings in a14
in a fossil state14
this view of the14
of the cases of14
are more or less14
acquired through natural selection14
of the doctrine of14
as we see in14
more variable than generic14
that species have been14
that the geological record14
different species of the14
inexplicable on the theory14
in the one case14
seems to me that14
if we look at14
the other inhabitants of14
in the nests of14
we know of the14
the difference between the14
as is the case14
stages of the same14
inherited from a common14
it is known that14
we see this in13
inhabitants of the same13
has been independently created13
part of the body13
i have endeavoured to13
bed of the sea13
forms of life are13
we have no right13
the laws of growth13
that they have been13
may be considered as13
the wing of the13
the flora of the13
has shown that the13
when we look at13
at the cape of13
species has been independently13
and those of the13
the bottom of the13
number of species of13
of tierra del fuego13
the state of the13
of difference between the13
we can understand why13
of the same variety13
that the number of13
of the truth of13
it is by no13
we ought not to13
under the law of13
in the essay of13
accumulated by natural selection13
to do with the13
relation of organism to13
animals of the same13
simultaneously throughout the world13
it seems to be13
at the base of13
than those of the13
allied or representative species13
can be little doubt13
have no right to13
during a long course13
crust of the earth13
from the number of13
played an important part13
of the smaller genera13
that it would be13
power of natural selection13
any change in the13
that there has been13
have been acquired by13
the body of the13
in the same individual13
for in this case13
it is not that13
as measured by years13
natura non facit saltum13
it appears to me13
the differences between the13
we know that the13
the level of the13
the formation of a13
from a common stock13
competition with each other13
to some of the13
there can be little13
most important of all13
what we know of13
between species and varieties13
at the end of13
it must not be13
on the surface of13
the arrangement of the13
in the island of13
view of each species13
is to be found13
a part of the13
we have only to13
under changing conditions of13
in favour of the13
the result of a13
by the fact that13
in the southern hemisphere12
parts of south america12
see this in the12
in the distribution of12
shown to be the12
note in the original12
or the survival of12
in any part of12
distance from each other12
history of the world12
in the construction of12
we may safely conclude12
it has often been12
of the southern hemisphere12
of the process of12
the same number of12
on some of the12
that this is the12
a certain number of12
as it has been12
what is meant by12
distinction between species and12
have been inherited from12
in their new homes12
the question of the12
other part of the12
it is in the12
a long series of12
ought not to be12
and this is a12
one to the other12
nothing to do with12
is supposed to have12
in the shape of12
they are descended from12
the theory of selection12
to the number of12
those cases in which12
it has been observed12
plains of la plata12
the succession of the12
sexes of the same12
conditions of life and12
the greatest amount of12
the first edition of12
analogous facts could be12
opposite sides of the12
action of the environment12
in the second chapter12
divisions of the world12
to the nature of12
in some few cases12
modification through natural selection12
it is possible to12
there is no evidence12
by the theory of12
to their conditions of12
the same species in12
said to struggle with12
branched off from a12
of life throughout the12
inhabitants of oceanic islands12
the back of the12
of varieties when crossed12
the same part in12
proportional numbers of the12
i cannot doubt that12
would not have been12
so far as we12
new conditions of life12
would have the best12
to the attacks of12
but there is no12
in the first chapter12
the laws of variation12
different parts of the12
of two or three12
we should have to12
the crust of the12
very early period of12
we can clearly understand12
the relation between the12
is not to be12
why do we not12
the inhabitants of oceanic12
have no reason to12
between varieties and species12
as they may be12
if this be so12
more or less completely12
closely allied or representative12
in the number of12
the side of the12
as is well known12
the parts of the12
as soon as it12
of the nearest continent12
are supposed to be12
the principle of selection12
as natural selection acts12
which unite for each12
of the same great12
from each other and12
it is not so12
in the history of12
as those of the12
be explained by the12
beings in a state12
the cause of the12
of the species which12
in the act of12
to be able to12
of colour in the12
under the name of12
do not believe that12
seems to be a12
forms of life throughout12
the other species of12
that there should be12
if it could be12
the young of the12
the mouth of the12
it is scarcely possible12
the influence of the12
the mutual relations of12
as well as in12
the effects of the11
of each species having11
and in some cases11
and there is no11
cannot be considered as11
to the law of11
on account of the11
under the most different11
of individuals of the11
be explained on the11
of the reproductive system11
in all these cases11
and the united states11
the characters of the11
is well known that11
of the most distinct11
the centre of the11
the forms which they11
amount of organic change11
been inherited from a11
that the theory of11
have descended from some11
in the polity of11
two varieties of the11
in almost every case11
in the right direction11
which have long been11
in each successive generation11
in the next chapter11
will be found to11
to which they are11
reason to suppose that11
it seems probable that11
have been able to11
of the same individual11
which i have collected11
be no doubt that11
higher in the scale11
and divergence of character11
between the species of11
succession of organic beings11
difficulties on the theory11
it is quite possible11
been found in the11
we can at once11
extinction and divergence of11
best chance of surviving11
be little doubt that11
of the productions of11
the dissimilarity of the11
the plants of the11
any part of the11
and many of the11
commencement of the glacial11
when we come to11
the number of individuals11
as well as to11
of the old world11
let us suppose that11
of structure in the11
the species in the11
in the chapter on11
the same species are11
level of the land11
we shall have to11
the length of time11
of secondary sexual characters11
the law of the11
it would be a11
places in the polity11
i do not know11
by the preservation of11
the appearance of the11
being inherited at a11
of natural selection to11
in some cases the11
production of new species11
the flowers of the11
the tendency to reversion11
in time and space11
it may be objected11
many parts of the11
organic and inorganic conditions11
distant from each other11
some of the characters11
it must be admitted11
we thus see that11
when we compare the11
many species of a11
has led to the11
the amount of change11
the descendants of the11
parts of the body11
between species of the11
to which it is11
but i do not11
it may be doubted11
are to be found11
each other and from11
on the same tree11
the sudden appearance of11
the conclusion that the11
to the preservation of11
on the face of11
to expect to find11
geological succession of organic11
the proportional numbers of11
of the wings of11
same manner as the11
formed by natural selection11
effects of use and11
the growth of the11
seems to me to11
let us turn to11
on the number of11
the modified descendants of11
belonging to the larger11
the average number of11
become more and more11
the construction of the11
the greater or less11
the offspring of the11
by the pollen of11
as we now see11
of one of the11
the production of the11
may be due to11
have good reason to11
now let us turn11
north america and europe11
that this is not11
under the same conditions11
i will not here11
in the same nest11
from each other than11
as shown in the11
in the same degree11
the colours of animals11
and being inherited at11
to be the most11
that it is a11
can be no doubt11
slight changes in the11
a struggle for life11
better chance of surviving11
that it has been11
with regard to the11
reason to doubt that11
there is not a11
distant points of the11
a struggle for existence11
at an early period11
so far as it11
a greater or less11
taken advantage of by10
species in the same10
part or organ is10
in both cases the10
which have not been10
may feel sure that10
same conditions of life10
and in the case10
life throughout the world10
all organic beings are10
types within the same10
but it may be10
in exactly the same10
been produced by the10
good and distinct species10
of use and disuse10
species and varieties of10
two sexes of the10
nature of the conditions10
other inhabitants of the10
different from those of10
for the first time10
sexual differences of colour10
and the nature of10
of a genus have10
the development of man10
the lowest known fossiliferous10
to the belief that10
in the diagram by10
as i am informed10
it occurred to me10
of the sterility of10
the course of ages10
we might expect that10
their habits of life10
on both sides of10
has been shown to10
the power of natural10
same types within the10
many of them are10
ranked as distinct species10
the time of the10
it was shown that10
the laws of inheritance10
be given of the10
duration of specific forms10
and how much to10
of difference in the10
that most of the10
than do the species10
have seen that the10
a large proportion of10
belong to the same10
a considerable number of10
of the most striking10
the external conditions of10
have been formed in10
animals and plants have10
has been able to10
face of the earth10
we may safely infer10
large part of the10
inorganic conditions of life10
no right to expect10
in the first generation10
may safely conclude that10
this point of view10
of the malay archipelago10
a very long period10
of our domestic races10
of life have been10
that the effects of10
the long course of10
our knowledge of the10
the wing of a10
limits of the same10
wing of a bat10
but it would be10
and we know that10
more than do the10
to be mistaken for10
be remembered that the10
changes of climate and10
to the rank of10
the way in which10
physical conditions of the10
there is no reason10
not been able to10
it is possible that10
in proportion to the10
of the body and10
is said to be10
the same with those10
evidence in favour of10
to have been created10
the similarity of the10
the same types within10
the mountains of the10
are of the highest10
of more or less10
of the surface of10
to the absence of10
seem to have been10
the extinction of the10
in our chapter on10
the whole series of10
the extinction of species10
the large number of10
at the beginning of10
appearance and disappearance of10
there must be some10
the inherited effects of10
it may be well10
we may feel sure10
more variable than those10
in that of the10
here to enter on10
chance of surviving and10
in the nature of10
large number of individuals10
from one or more10
as it may be10
the direction of the10
of the individuals of10
parts of the flower10
by the agency of10
the modification of the10
of their mongrel offspring10
to the doctrine of10
points of the world10
which it comes into10
shape of the body10
and inorganic conditions of10
as well as of10
the use of the10
from a single parent10
geometrical ratio of increase10
in the time of10
it comes into competition10
favourable for the production10
to be due to10
if we were to10
same part or organ10
of a number of10
feel no surprise at10
on the absence of10
of the world of10
long periods of time10
plants and animals are10
in our domestic animals10
for we know that10
natural history of the10
to the consideration of10
with which it comes10
than in the case10
it can hardly be10
in the fourth chapter10
but in the case10
we bear in mind10
the depth of the10
all the inhabitants of10
closely allied to the10
the same part or10
through variation and natural10
the habits of the10
on the affinities of10
be extremely cautious in10
of the land and10
of unity of type10
the constitution of the10
the view of the10
in a corresponding degree10
animals and plants are10
one side of the10
be in some degree10
between the same two10
in some small degree10
we have good reason10
appears to have been10
all animals and plants10
off from a common10
the case of plants10
for it is not10
might have been thought10
part of the structure10
i shall have to10
side of the head10
places in the economy10
me that he has10
that the species of10
at the time of10
divergence of character and10
of every part of10
however much they may10
the males and females10
the great class of10
from the same parents10
in the vegetable kingdom10
that natural selection has10
species of the horse10
of the whole world10
important part in the10
by means of the10
i am fully convinced10
the introduction of new10
that the sterility of10
transmission of acquired characters10
a genus have been10
all the forms of10
in order to prevent10
that natural selection is9
that i do not9
without the aid of9
must be considered as9
at a quicker rate9
the full meaning of9
a number of species9
so far as the9
and varieties of the9
the sides of the9
external conditions of life9
we do not find9
the inhabitants of any9
at any one period9
to the most different9
in regard to plants9
slight differences in the9
as we can see9
have been brought about9
the best of my9
all that we can9
europe and the united9
the value of the9
better adapted to the9
it may be said9
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which it has been9
the relation of organism9
a small portion of9
we may believe that9
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in a greater or9
the new and old9
the upper part of9
importance of the principle9
the number of its9
exposed to the same9
occurred to me that9
before the commencement of9
organs of extreme perfection9
plants of the same9
origin of our domestic9
and of the other9
to each other than9
have given rise to9
related to those of9
of the darwinian theory9
that it was not9
for very long periods9
each other than they9
produced by natural selection9
it is notorious that9
the more ancient a9
view that each species9
become extinct in the9
a change in the9
unity of type in9
for the exclusive good9
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the beginning of the9
difficulty in believing that9
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have not been found9
may be doubted whether9
division of the world9
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by occasional means of9
only two or three9
the bed of the9
hybrids and mongrels compared9
is supposed to be9
to be descended from9
from generation to generation9
as far as it9
there is a tendency9
in the several species9
of the natural selection9
may suppose that the9
to the fact that9
of the law of9
of the natural system9
of the colours of9
wing of the bat9
of the secondary period9
nature of the organism9
in a high degree9
as far as is9
what can be more9
on this view we9
islands of the pacific9
the sterility of species9
by means of which9
be looked at as9
the view of each9
in the intermediate zones9
of the nearest mainland9
i was much struck9
the study of the9
would lead us to9
in the same genus9
the forms which are9
so as to have9
during the later tertiary9
the view that each9
the very process of9
could not possibly have9
different conditions of life9
some period of its9
at the distance of9
of the same nature9
animals in a state9
period of its life9
for the welfare of9
we see that the9
arms of the sea9
between any two forms9
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of the life of9
different varieties of the9
at an early age9
the absence of intermediate9
degree intermediate in character9
between the species which9
as a means of9
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main division of the9
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forms of life which9
the explanation of the9
vigour and fertility of9
a quicker rate than9
forms which they connect9
possession of the females9
of natural selection is9
in character between the9
of the same order9
sense of the word9
the structure of each9
the inhabitants of islands9
and groups of species9
that a multitude of9
from tree to tree9
every one of the9
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may be called the9
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the animals and plants9
the course of the9
each species having been9
the several breeds of9
of climate and of9
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in the eyes of9
as they now are9
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the fact that it9
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animals which unite for9
to the best of9
of rudimentary organs in9
of the two species9
with what we know9
it has been asserted9
to indicate that the9
on the part of9
but i have not9
of natural selection in9
of natural selection as9
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we can thus understand9
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be the case with9
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to the present time9
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in this latter case9
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the principle of the9
of the organism and9
the author does not9
the closely allied species9
its conditions of life9
different individuals of the9
the atlantic united states9
the whole economy of9
the extreme imperfection of9
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small portion of the9
than the species of9
in different parts of9
a variety of the9
no one will dispute9
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within the same country9
species of the smaller9
use and disuse of9
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in view of the9
to the stigma of9
enabled to seize on9
the process of natural9
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north and south america9
any part or organ9
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the early stages of9
several parts of the9
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analogical or adaptive characters9
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of the length of9
the plants and animals9
in the natural system9
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i am aware that9
of a distinct species9
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thus we can understand8
the inhabitants of these8
lesser numbers than the8
communicated to me by8
how is it that8
descended from one or8
the same as that8
have been but little8
where many species of8
under the influence of8
course of the arteries8
that it may be8
of the same genera8
to the extent of8
that there is any8
be doubted that the8
let them be ever8
to serve as a8
long course of time8
amount of modification in8
marked and permanent varieties8
in relation to its8
inhabitants of that continent8
considerable amount of modification8
far as i can8
in the matter of8
within any given period8
each other in a8
is a case of8
a struggle between the8
if we admit that8
the same conditions of8
in the least degree8
the hybrids produced from8
of a dog and8
allied to those of8
beings of the same8
been taken advantage of8
in several parts of8
on the confines of8
according to our theory8
i will here only8
and the amount of8
no one supposes that8
the principle of design8
has come into existence8
of the most remarkable8
the possession of a8
in the inorganic world8
of the same part8
varieties of one species8
various parts of the8
attempt to explain the8
in its own country8
of form and structure8
in lesser numbers than8
than in the other8
some degree intermediate between8
the marine inhabitants of8
use or disuse of8
ancient a form is8
of the two sexes8
have been the case8
works on natural history8
that the same species8
the mutual affinities of8
in members of the8
important of all relations8
in the great majority8
this seems to me8
with animals and plants8
and so it is8
in most cases the8
to the question of8
let us now consider8
place in the economy8
we are unable to8
have been found in8
it is conceivable that8
in the same direction8
the degree of sterility8
many of the lower8
whole group of species8
of the most important8
of the domestic pigeon8
be said to struggle8
the natural conditions of8
in mind that the8
do not see the8
only here and there8
must be admitted that8
descendants from a common8
in the constitution of8
as i have seen8
in the same district8
under new conditions of8
long course of descent8
eastern islands of the8
cells of the hive8
is a remarkable fact8
species to each other8
natural selection has been8
be seen in the8
as shown by the8
the case of animals8
the same kind of8
so many of the8
the larvae of the8
with the pollen of8
much they may differ8
other side of the8
new and old worlds8
the possession of the8
depth of the sea8
than the forms which8
in the natural economy8
same may be said8
by variation and selection8
and some of the8
one will dispute that8
many of the most8
the idea of the8
be ranked as species8
crosses between the same8
of the same continent8
the presence of a8
genus have been formed8
of design in the8
nest is in a8
of the animal and8
in the writings of8
absence of intermediate varieties8
the hypothesis of the8
evidence on this head8
or in the same8
between individuals of the8
on the inhabitants of8
parts of the structure8
may be seen in8
which is common to8
extreme imperfection of the8
with the fact that8
climate and of the8
may be well to8
i suppose that the8
between the individuals of8
of the species have8
an infinite number of8
distribution of the inhabitants8
in the length of8
i have not space8
it is necessary to8
i may add that8
the case of varieties8
the eastern islands of8
the division of the8
affinities of organic beings8
dimorphic and trimorphic plants8
in our domestic productions8
closely allied to other8
best of my judgment8
the result of the8
appear to have been8
varieties in a state8
only one or two8
as a matter of8
with the rest of8
the succession of species8
in each particular case8
at some former period8
if we compare the8
do the species of8
sterility of species when8
as if they had8
to struggle with other8
of the south american8
no more reason to8
given rise to new8
which are descended from8
of no use to8
attempted to show how8
independent acts of creation8
which we do not8
from the study of8
species have been modified8
the breeds of the8
in the northern and8
and it would be8
even in the same8
several members of the8
in which the young8
on the lapse of8
a certain extent the8
to show that there8
can see no reason8
those of the surrounding8
it would be difficult8
of a group of8
the former existence of8
as far back as8
is the same as8
see no difficulty in8
and of their mongrel8
which may be called8
species of distinct genera8
but it is a8
facts with respect to8
that the fertility of8
that it is impossible8
let it be remembered8
more ancient a form8
each other by a8
which i have arrived8
been discovered in the8
in the second place8
new varieties and species8
in this case there8
be most severe between8
the race for life8
the middle of the8
at what period of8
in the female sex8
to increase in numbers8
surface of the body8
at an earlier period8
to the sterility of8
they may be called8
in the two sexes8
it is the same8
them be ever so8
facts in regard to8
in works on natural8
of the very same8
in these cases the8
the diagram by the8
in the immutability of8
the good of each8
to show that this8
difference in the result8
the effects of disuse8
the welfare of the8
greater part of the8
of the mathematical faculty8
the head of a8
the relation of the8
found in the same8
when crossed and of8
from those of the8
the main divisions of8
is obvious that the8
of the level of8
as one of the8
journal of science and8
the wings of insects8
of the effects of8
and we have seen8
theory of the natural8
with the same part8
as well as that8
the other side of8
have been made to8
on the principles of8
natural selection acts solely8
the principle of divergence8
the whole surface of8
in the amount of8
the decay of darwinism8
should be remembered that8
the various forms of8
will dispute that the8
some of the more8
any one of the8
in order to be8
that the inhabitants of8
a lesser degree in8
the discovery of the8
some of the inhabitants8
that we have no8
to the laws of8
would be difficult to8
when we remember that8
of the less improved8
as to the origin8
may be found in8
affinities of extinct species8
for the possession of8
in some degree modified8
the high importance of8
of the other species8
governing the sterility of8
by far the most8
could hardly have been8
the natural economy of8
varieties of any one8
have only to suppose8
to the same conditions8
the summing up of8
a large stock of8
place in the natural8
in the north and8
imperfection of the record8
new and improved forms8
not here enter on8
on the upper surface8
in the animal world8
the need of protection8
in the origin of8
of the action of8
the objects of mimicry8
or later in life8
of the species in8
in the offspring at8
closely allied species of8
a portion of the8
from north to south8
to which they belong8
it could be shown8
groups of species suddenly8
within the period of8
may be said of8
distant parts of the8
plants and animals which8
to conclude that the8
on the same continent8
on the sudden appearance8
but it is the8
from the analogy of8
with which we are8
inhabitants of the sea8
will be enabled to8
that all organic beings8
groups of allied species8
there will be a8
in many other cases8
inheritance at corresponding ages8
through the agency of8
light can be thrown8
there is hardly a8
be considered as a8
first published in the8
may be objected that8
the same genus have8
remote in the scale8
any other part of8
the points in which8
no reason to suppose8
have been ranked by8
one of the two8
we are tempted to8
from their common parent8
so as exactly to8
of organic beings in8
of this kind of8
the transmission of acquired8
of variation and natural8
the place of the8
it is hardly possible8
for a very long8
the supply of sediment8
the most vigorous males8
conditions of life to8
in the skulls of8
in the classification of8
the larger genera in8
have not space here8
this is a very8
species have descended from8
that this is a8
and we can understand8
the continued preservation of8
by the formation of8
to vary in the8
destruction at some period8
the later tertiary periods8
the head of the8
and of the level8
during periods of subsidence8
exceptions to the rule8
in each of these8
sufficiently distinct to be8
and whole groups of8
reciprocal crosses between the8
us turn to the8
of the intermediate links8
is at least possible8
to increase in number8
allied to other species8
on the summit of8
the past and present8
for the same purpose8
evidence of the existence8
the wide distribution of8
any one species of8
of what may be8
not space here to8
in the malay archipelago8
a tendency to vary8
geographical distribution of animals8
in various parts of8
theory of common descent8
go on increasing in8
the embryos of the8
only a small portion8
for a short time8
the affinities of extinct8
colours of female birds8
in the arctic regions8
it should be observed7
of the british museum7
the races of man7
differences of colour in7
are born than can7
in favour of this7
believe it to be7
good of another species7
by the effects of7
of the instincts of7
season of the year7
is the result of7
and one of the7
this is a case7
the same species have7
it may not be7
are descended from the7
of inheritance at corresponding7
the leaves of the7
it may be urged7
the theory of gravitation7
after an interval of7
constructed on the same7
the good of the7
i am not aware7
the whole course of7
their appearance and disappearance7
by the modification of7
a large body of7
in the larger genera7
in a former chapter7
which are in any7
the hypothesis of a7
it may be called7
according to this view7
doctrine of final causes7
origin of the fittest7
structure of the embryo7
in the same group7
in the horns of7
new and distinct species7
a strong tendency to7
let us look to7
more especially in the7
that they are not7
to other organic beings7
on this view of7
favour of this view7
that we see in7
in the journal of7
we may be sure7
of the moral sense7
in their appearance and7
that in most cases7
come to this conclusion7
certain parts of the7
forms of life in7
from each other as7
there would be a7
in the mode of7
it may be worth7
in the upper jaws7
adorned with the most7
it has been found7
the effects of a7
of the animal world7
to bear in mind7
the sake of symmetry7
forms of the same7
the average numbers of7
may be compared with7
exist in lesser numbers7
or disuse of parts7
the same group of7
crossed and of their7
bearing in mind that7
does not seem to7
we must suppose that7
in the very same7
have come to differ7
exception to the rule7
in an unusual manner7
rarity of transitional varieties7
character of the species7
animals and plants in7
the fertility of the7
am informed by mr7
it would be an7
are connected together by7
of colour and marking7
have been in some7
cannot be accounted for7
parts of the united7
the same condition as7
in the same sense7
been the case with7
are the descendants of7
in the same order7
on the under surface7
the upper and lower7
unity of type and7
to me by mr7
be eminently liable to7
should be observed that7
the more dominant forms7
two or three days7
for the preservation of7
in the same parts7
never cut through the7
causes of the sterility7
that the forms of7
in a very few7
there is one other7
that the nature of7
the effects of long7
greater or less degree7
the definite action of7
species or varieties of7
between races and species7
large proportion of the7
modified in relation to7
most of the other7
the progenitor of the7
and even in the7
remarked in regard to7
at least of the7
lived long before the7
but it has been7
over a wide area7
can be accounted for7
the sexes are exactly7
into the closest competition7
laws of growth and7
the pollen of the7
we shall see that7
a great advantage to7
larger genera resemble varieties7
whether or not the7
at an earlier age7
to be the same7
in several species of7
very closely allied to7
from island to island7
to the same genera7
it is the most7
that it was a7
from time to time7
at the same rate7
to supplant and exterminate7
i am well aware7
relations of all organic7
sexes are exactly alike7
descended from the rock7
at first sight to7
the stigma of a7
full meaning of the7
the nest is in7
of the ridge of7
in a like manner7
all living and extinct7
of new specific forms7
the union of the7
the view that species7
be urged against my7
would be apt to7
the cause of variation7
by variation and natural7
the theory of independent7
change in the conditions7
on opposite sides of7
the beak of a7
but this is a7
any two or more7
as far south as7
seen in the last7
the most liable to7
in the laws of7
come to the conclusion7
temperate regions of the7
be more variable than7
with the number of7
would be necessary to7
view of descent with7
need not be surprised7
the battle of life7
according to the amount7
between any two species7
a plant or animal7
extinction of the species7
the currents of the7
in those cases in7
in the size of7
separation of the sexes7
of the former inhabitants7
i will here give7
will here give only7
found only in the7
is discussed in the7
in the mature animal7
most of the species7
within the same class7
effects of the increased7
difficulties of the theory7
how important a part7
in order that the7
inevitably follows from the7
see the same fact7
twice or thrice as7
of natural selection and7
appearance of groups of7
that is to say7
that of the hive7
relation to the size7
descended from one parent7
graduate into each other7
can be explained by7
by the selection of7
the presence of other7
i have found it7
life of the individual7
that each organic being7
the two sides of7
gliding through the air7
would have a better7
of the later tertiary7
the island of celebes7
the system of nature7
the present distribution of7
we find in the7
to breed freely under7
are at the present7
we can understand this7
in the same region7
from these several considerations7
natural selection will be7
only at long intervals7
have been created in7
of man and apes7
the highest degree improbable7
the long lapse of7
of the main divisions7
long as measured by7
but to this subject7
from the lower animals7
it is not likely7
not occur in the7
specific characters are more7
that part of the7
members of the great7
a constant tendency in7
other and to the7
in a future chapter7
in the other case7
northern and southern temperate7
struggle with each other7
explained by natural selection7
genera of the same7
but the case is7
on the relation of7
in one of the7
different from each other7
males and fertile females7
or those which have7
the mode of nidification7
independently of their fertility7
in the proportion of7
to show that it7
am fully convinced that7
the origin of our7
of the same groups7
on the variation of7
of the independent creation7
so far as they7
checked by natural selection7
we now come to7
the preservation of useful7
but we do not7
the truth of these7
have very wide ranges7
the absence of all7
that they cannot be7
exactly the same manner7
only strongly marked and7
dissimilarity of the inhabitants7
by some of the7
the parallelism between the7
in this case it7
of a large number7
the view that the7
we can account for7
the weight of the7
the central parts of7
fauna and flora of7
nature of the affinities7
and it may be7
the north and south7
in the higher animals7
do we not find7
for the benefit of7
are due to the7
the eastern and western7
in which the male7
every detail of structure7
same species in the7
the amount of food7
the same species on7
it has been shown7
to inheritance from a7
the area of the7
the production of a7
breeds of the pigeon7
on the same pattern7
cut through the gums7
be descended from a7
at about the same7
what i have called7
the upper jaws of7
are said to have7
which have ever lived7
i am indebted to7
will not here enter7
that natural selection will7
at which i have7
from the large number7
has played an important7
and the fact that7
born than can possibly7
of each great class7
the sting of the7
in connection with the7
we might have expected7
it would be quite7
when we see a7
between the inhabitants of7
there has been a7
the vigour and fertility7
space here to enter7
one species of a7
me to say a7
through natural selection and7
to have been a7
the same time the7
of the same and7
to struggle with each7
from the same parent7
lowest known fossiliferous strata7
seems to be the7
of high importance to7
in opposition to the7
a far more important7
the period of existing7
have not as yet7
the larger genera resemble7
here and there a7
have nothing to do7
to the same conclusion7
am well aware that7
as we shall see7
comes to the conclusion7
of the horse tribe7
from any one species7
it is necessary that7
both in form and7
of the other inhabitants7
to live on the7
time which has elapsed7
the same identical form7
as illustrative of the7
the plan of the7
as a variety of7
effects of changed conditions7
there is no doubt7
view that species are7
of our domestic productions7
i will give only7
produced by secondary laws7
upper part of the7
and the production of7
do not pretend that7
laws of geographical distribution7
to add to the7
if this had been7
unknown differences in their7
as far as our7
species having been independently7
the later and more7
a law of nature7
but we ought to7
this to be the7
in an extraordinary manner7
the difference in the7
under this point of7
a very early age7
as a distinct species7
leg of the horse7
the descendants from a7
those parts of the7
the development of a7
can be thrown on7
that all the species7
seem to show that7
of species and of7
sudden appearance of groups7
been specially endowed with7
the exclusive good of7
the same nature as7
during the course of7
the cases in which7
that it should be7
the several stages of7
we are apt to7
i was led to7
am convinced that the7
in a few years7
in any one formation7
this is represented in7
allied to each other7
the caves of brazil7
at the expense of7
characters are more variable7
their physical conditions of7
some of them are7
rest of the world7
the species which lived7
together in the same7
slight modifications of structure7
species has come into7
of the bones of7
of the same region7
can at once see7
new places in the7
lineal descendants of some7
is a matter of7
we now see them7
currents of the sea7
after long intervals of7
the cape de verde7
few words on the7
it may have been7
that the several breeds7
plants and animals of7
of europe and the7
the development of colour7
the progressive development of7
each organic being is7
we may expect to7
under the same latitude7
of the external conditions7
it should be remembered7
the evolution of the7
and it is in7
be worth while to7
groups of animals and7
the inhabitants of a7
cannot be said to7
almost infinite number of7
am inclined to believe7
of which it is7
as in that of7
seeds of the same7
and of the conditions7
important element of success7
of species when crossed7
of the nature of7
the scale of organisation7
having been independently created7
at long intervals of7
to lay their eggs7
we shall presently see7
distinct species of the7
nothing can be more7
that of the other7
of the same or7
of the species are7
of whole groups of7
in the great classes7
descended from several wild7
we may infer from7
are related to those7
the summits of the7
the form of a7
one after the other7
infinite number of generations7
one or the other7
been acquired through natural7
might have been anticipated7
the successive generations of7
is probable that the7
in many parts of7
i do not mean7
the islands of the7
at these distant points7
part of the flower7
belief in the immutability7
should not have been7
must have descended from7
the last chapter that7
paper read before the7
have become extinct in7
the present status of7
preserved in a fossil7
is evident that the7
have been modified in7
seems probable that the7
will be liable to7
may expect to find7
in the light of7
have been specially endowed7
that it can be7
vigour and fertility to7
on the stigma of7
determine the existence of7
the land and of7
a good chance of7
agency of natural selection7
be in any way7
on account of their7
are separated from each7
the character of species7
as soon as they7
of which we are7
of north america and7
have not been able7
this is not the7
been formed by natural7
laws governing the sterility7
it is a very7
more highly developed than7
greater number of varieties7
different from that of7
let us see how7
is the fact that7
the slow process of7
explained on the theory7
are by no means7
become modified and improved7
to the larger genera7
of the earth and7
of changed conditions of7
of the same two7
it is highly probable7
tendency to reversion to7
of the phenomena of7
ancient forms of life7
introduction of new species7
i hear from dr7
it is not a7
the whole body of7
by the law of7
section of the genus7
the degree of affinity7
of the old inhabitants7
the number of intermediate7
of design in nature7
with the idea of7
do not know the7
by the direct action7
to reappear in the7
the period of the7
development of ancient forms7
we have evidence of7
here we have a7
the conditions of its7
the distribution of organic7
i do not think7
of high physiological importance7
from existing in greater6
see how it is6
adaptation to the conditions6
few of the most6
the continued selection of6
come into existence coincident6
supposed to have produced6
will have had a6
that we can see6
as well as all6
that all animals and6
the interpretation of the6
for it is impossible6
in the period of6
been produced under domestication6
we may at least6
for the work of6
with our domestic productions6
when we treat of6
from a state of6
in the size and6
to the habits of6
the case of an6
be ranked as distinct6
other than are the6
it is found that6
average duration of specific6
geographical distribution of the6
case of neuter insects6
to the principle of6
in most of the6
has been geologically explored6
sterility of the hybrids6
which we have any6
heredity of acquired characters6
life upon the earth6
the majority of cases6
he who believes that6
great majority of cases6
of life can be6
her eggs in other6
will have a better6
on by natural selection6
they may differ from6
of the fact that6
rules in their appearance6
in a great number6
same general rules in6
on the reproductive system6
and presupposes an intelligent6
throw some light on6
similarity of pattern in6
modified descendants from a6
almost simultaneously throughout the6
the vast number of6
that one of the6
form and structure of6
be classed under the6
the conclusion of the6
very closely allied species6
it is at least6
and so on in6
rate of increase of6
are believed to have6
we shall immediately see6
larger genera in each6
had some advantage over6
we need not marvel6
have been expected that6
struggle for existence and6
taken out of the6
to the males alone6
seize on many and6
fertilised by the pollen6
be very cautious in6
as may be seen6
to embed and preserve6
in such a case6
the principle of descent6
on the hypothesis of6
the checks to increase6
most beautiful and most6
on the duration of6
we cannot suppose that6
is at once explained6
to go on increasing6
the exception of the6
very nearly the same6
that there must be6
races in the struggle6