Distant Reader - subject-libertyOfConscience-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 42 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 656,178 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 15,623 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 87. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, may, church, men, non, conscience, one, roman, shall, us, religion, christ, must, yet, man, now, law, liberty, faith, lord, power, word, things, magistrate, say, much, good, way, make, people, king, therefore, many, though, first, made, great, without, truth, world, also, true, text, doe, well, christian, thing, every, let

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A free disputation against pretended liberty of conscience tending to resolve doubts moved by Mr. John Goodwin, John Baptist, Dr. Jer. Taylor, the Belgick Arminians, Socinians, and other authors contending for lawlesse liberty, or licentious toleration of sects and heresies. / By Samuel Rutherfurd professor of divinity in the University of St. Andrews., A disswasive from conformity to the world as also God''s severity against impenitent sinners : with a farewel sermon lately preached to a congregation in London / by Henry Stubs., and Davvnings of light wherein the true interest of reformation is opened in generall, and in particular, in this kingdome for the establishment of weaker judgements, and many other things impartially hinted, to a further discovery of truth and light in many of our present controversies : with some maximes of reformation / by John Saltmarsh ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, english books, early english, new testament, books online, jesus christ, false teachers, let us, holy ghost, page images, text creation, creation partnership, old testament, every man, one another, penal laws, christian magistrate, every one, god will, represented either, image sets, characters represented, tcp schema, coercive power, god forbid, now shall, must needs, christian religion, will never, false prophets, lord jesus, protestant religion, true religion, take away, christian liberty, tells us, mens consciences, true church, early works, without asking, false prophet, reformed churches, text transcribed, tcp assigned, batch review, online text, images scanned, markup reviewed, asking permission, institutions providing

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A discourse concerning liberty of conscience In which are contain''d proposalls, about what liberty in this kind is now politically expedient to be given, and severall reasons to shew how much the peace and welfare of the nation is concern''d therein. By R.T. A proclamation, anent field conventicles and house-meetings, and To the king and both houses of Parliament, (who have made laws and decrees, and caused them to be put in execution, to restrain and prohibit people from having the liberty of their consciences in the exercise of the worship of God) : this is sent as a warning from the Lord..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, church, god, religion, conscience, lord, king, law, parliament, magistrate, government, christ, roman, majesty, liberty, laws, hereticks, gospel, christians, christian, world, testament, state, people, ministers, man, early, covenant, churches, sword, spirit, scripture, rom, protestant, power, papists, opinions, nation, men, matth, kingdome, joh, jewes, interest, gods, faith, declaration, cor, buckingham, bishops

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Wholesome severity reconciled with Christian liberty, or, The true resolution of a present controversie concerning liberty of conscience here you have the question stated, the middle way betwixt popish tyrannie and schismatizing liberty approved and also confirmed from Scripture and the testimonies of divines, yea of whole churches : the chiefe arguments and exceptions used in the bloudy tenent, The compassionate samaritane, M.S. to A.S. &c., examined : eight distinctions added for qualifying and clearing the whole matter : and in conclusion a parænetick to the five apologists for choosing accommodation rather than toleration. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, man, conscience, religion, things, way, word, faith, power, people, thing, p., truth, others, time, reason, liberty, world, sword, text, words, nothing, matters, nature, magistrate, part, hath, death, t, law, persons, work, place, peace, heart, scripture, kings, sin, day, subjects, end, one, argument, self, light, life, name, doth, opinion, interest

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, had, say, been, being, make, did, made, let, take, said, according, see, know, come, give, has, put, done, think, given, called, am, concerning, punish, set, beleeve, hath, believe, find, judge, punished, having, suffer, encoded, taken, go, found, bring, follow, use, doe, makes, teach

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, 〉, christ, ◊, 〈, lord, c., law, king, conscience, magistrate, liberty, tcp, ●, england, hath, christian, religion, doe, parliament, christians, gospel, laws, testament, government, spirit, authority, magistrates, mr., new, majesty, ye, gods, act, covenant, english, churches, cor, yea, al, text, holy, psal, thou, rom, prince, world, paul, jesus

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, their, his, them, he, i, we, you, our, him, us, your, my, themselves, me, her, himself, its, thy, thee, she, one, theirs, ye, ours, yours, mine, elias, vvhat, itself, vp, l, yee, whosoever, vnto, trye, severall, s, non, iehu, hee, em, yourselves, whereof, us''d, there, sign''d, pullhimself, persequtiō

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, non, roman, -, other, many, good, same, great, true, own, false, more, first, much, contrary, new, whole, little, present, common, free, necessary, particular, early, second, greater, saith, sure, wicked, christian, least, most, godly, english, old, last, general, late, lawfull, civil, infallible, outward, better, best, right, private, few, very, ill

not, so, then, now, more, as, therefore, only, also, yet, up, well, most, never, out, very, onely, even, much, ever, here, thus, too, far, rather, away, indeed, first, in, no, together, all, still, just, off, there, long, forth, down, otherwise, on, especially, certainly, again, over, before, else, further, thereof, whatsoever

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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