Distant Reader - subject-islam-gutenberg

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-06-06 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader gutenberg process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of Project Gutenberg -- facet_subject:"Islam". Then, for future reference, the results were saved to a Zip file complete with rudimentary bibliographics. The name of the file is input-file.zip. The Zip file was then unpacked and the contents saved to a cache as well as a directory of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 16 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 740,039 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 52,859 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 67. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, will, islam, may, time, great, even, men, life, first, christian, prophet, now, religion, made, man, two, mahomet, many, also, faith, must, world, religious, mecca, people, among, footnote, day, power, every, christianity, shall, without, mohammad, mohammed, law, war, years, us, well, medina, much, still, place, ibn, sidenote, given, found

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Faith of Islam, Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891, and A Critical Exposition of the Popular ''Jihád'' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

abd el, stratford canning, abu bekr, sir stratford, abu sofian, god will, de la, one day, years ago, christian faith, christian church, one god, al makkari, new testament, present day, let us, took place, hundred years, one hand, last day, one hundred, two hundred, true god, two years, old testament, sacred books, ibn hisham, sura ix, el hamid, rifaat pasha, see note, holy places, three times, bani koreiza, three hundred, five years, middle ages, bhagavad gita, well known, international law, set forth, jesus christ, al makk, sura ii, years old, red sea, true religion, common law, black stone, every man

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Correspondence Relating to Executions in Turkey for Apostacy from Islamism The Future of Islam, and Christianity and Islam in Spain, A.D. 756-1031.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, islam, mohammed, prophet, mecca, lord, koran, christianity, christian, arabia, india, moslems, medina, man, jews, footnote, christians, arabs, allah, abu, spanish, spain, sir, sidenote, religion, ottoman, moslem, mohammedans, mahomet, jesus, ibn, hinduism, hindu, government, gospel, egypt, east, cordova, church, arabic, ali, africa, a.h., yamen, war, vol, vishnu, vide, veda, ulema

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Christianity and Islam in Spain, A.D. 756-1031 is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

god, men, said - Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891
mahomet, god, mohammad - A Critical Exposition of the Popular ''Jihád'' Showing that all the Wars of Mohammad Were Defensive; and that Aggressive War, or Compulsory Conversion, is not Allowed in The Koran - 1885
islam, mohammed, time - History of the Moors of Spain
spain, christians, christian - Christianity and Islam in Spain, A.D. 756-1031
mohammed, islâm, sidenote - Mohammedanism Lectures on Its Origin, Its Religious and Political Growth, and Its Present State

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, time, man, religion, life, world, people, faith, day, power, p., years, war, place, death, city, law, part, way, words, others, fact, name, influence, year, work, authority, followers, sidenote, history, one, system, hand, days, tribes, king, nature, knowledge, country, character, son, things, number, doctrine, word, truth, times, century, tradition, women

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, was, be, are, were, had, have, has, been, made, said, do, being, given, found, called, did, say, make, says, see, became, give, sent, having, taken, come, came, become, does, take, find, according, believe, put, took, known, know, quoted, held, brought, used, gave, received, following, set, go, seems, let, left

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

_, god, islam, mahomet, prophet, mecca, mohammed, |, mohammad, christianity, medina, ibn, footnote, christians, koran, moslems, al, abu, spain, christ, ., arabs, qurán, lord, ii, bani, mohammedan, moslem, de, arabia, jews, thou, christian, sir, india, church, vol, muhammad, sura, súra, heaven, ul, persia, koreish, muir, c., i., allah, ali, government

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

his, it, he, their, they, them, him, its, i, we, her, our, himself, my, you, us, me, themselves, your, itself, she, thy, thee, one, myself, herself, ourselves, ye, theirs, thyself, ours, mine, yourself, je, yourselves, yours, whosoever, oneself, ne, d''eau, à, true:--, these:--, persia,--they, persecution:--"deum, par, ownself, missions--"what, là, isráfíl

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, great, such, own, many, religious, christian, first, same, more, last, true, new, good, political, little, whole, certain, much, old, divine, human, few, early, sacred, spiritual, moral, high, modern, ancient, present, common, only, several, general, different, important, free, arab, most, long, -, large, second, strong, necessary, full, later, various, arabian

not, so, only, even, then, now, more, most, also, very, up, as, thus, still, well, out, far, however, never, therefore, too, there, again, ever, down, here, first, once, already, almost, yet, much, always, soon, long, all, forth, indeed, often, just, rather, sometimes, together, especially, perhaps, off, no, away, generally, alone

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.