Distant Reader - subject-heresy-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 15 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 493,122 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 32,874 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 88. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, church, christ, will, may, men, man, many, shall, yet, us, things, now, great, also, first, sectaries, made, must, much, good, cretensis, word, way, truth, spirit, faith, mr, make, people, say, without, time, saith, lord, words, others, though, true, doth, hee, scripture, come, pag, world, holy, well, every, new

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The first and second part of Gangræna, or, A catalogue and discovery of many of the errors, heresies, blasphemies and pernicious practices of the sectaries of this time, vented and acted in England in these four last years also a particular narration of divers stories, remarkable passages, letters : an extract of many letters, all concerning the present sects : together with some observations upon and corollaries from all the fore-named premisses / by Thomas Edwards ..., A treatise of miscellany questions wherein many usefull questions and cases of conscience are discussed and resolved ... / by Mr. George Gillespie ... ; published by Mr. Patrik Gillespie ..., and Heresiography, or, A discription of the hereticks and sectaries of these latter times by E. Pagitt..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

holy ghost, every one, jesus christ, every man, english books, early english, new testament, reformed churches, lords supper, let us, books online, may see, roman non, reader may, general council, iesus christ, many things, lords day, one another, among us, new lights, old testament, man may, one thing, must needs, page images, david george, false prophets, creation partnership, text creation, new light, set forth, take notice, come forth, much lesse, taken away, will give, godly ministers, will say, take away, made manifest, second part, lords prayer, godly minister, wicked men, virgin mary, tells us, one man, almighty god, may bee

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are An account of the decree of the University of Oxford, against some heretical tenets At a meeting of Mr. Vice-Chancellour, and the heads of colledges and halls, in the University of Oxford, the 25th of November, 1695. The rebukes of a reviler fallen upon his own head, in an answer to a book put forth by one Iohn Stelham, called a minister at Terlin in Essex. Wherein is shewed unto all spiritual men, that he himself is justly proved to be a contradictor of the scriptures, while he falsly accuses others thereof, that are clear, and the saying is fulfilled upon him, he is fallen into the pit, which he digged for others, for even that way which he calls heresie, do we worship the God of our fathers. By R.H., and Some modest and humble queries concerning a printed paper, intituled, An ordinance presented to the Honourable House of Commons, &c. for the preventing of the growing and spreading of heresies, &c..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, christ, lord, tcp, saints, spirit, scripture, roman, religion, ministers, king, heresies, ghost, churches, christian, apostle, sectaries, law, hereticks, gospel, father, doctrine, covenant, council, city, bishops, baptisme, assembly, anabaptists, world, wisdom, toleration, text, testimony, testament, teachers, tares, table, son, sermons, senate, sect, scriptures, schisme, schismaticks, sauiour, rom, reply, reader

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Apocalypsis, or, The revelation of certain notorious advancers of heresie wherein their visions and private revelations by dreams, are discovered to be most incredible blasphemies, and enthusiastical dotages : together with an account of their lives, actions and ends : whereunto are added the effigies of seventeen (who excelled the rest in rashness, impudence and lying) : done in copper plates / faithfully and impartially translated out of the Latine by J.D. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, man, things, p., way, time, people, truth, words, others, sectaries, word, thing, faith, scripture, world, light, power, ▪, day, place, hath, part, t, persons, reason, scriptures, hands, sin, name, life, death, places, times, hee, hand, religion, opinions, nothing, grace, saints, reader, heart, work, doth, cap, nature, love, self, cause

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, being, do, been, made, did, make, say, said, come, let, called, give, take, know, see, according, given, having, concerning, set, put, done, hath, came, speak, taken, read, hold, written, sent, brought, am, prove, bee, used, believe, found, bring, think, answer, received, known, saith

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, god, christ, church, c., cretensis, ●, mr., lord, hath, spirit, pag, hereticks, book, ministers, yea, holy, parliament, master, heresies, churches, king, cor, i., covenant, thou, minister, law, lords, doctrine, iohn, father, heresie, doe, england, de, anabaptists, christians, paul, lib, presbyterians, sectaries, faith, john, heaven, s., gods, apostle

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

they, it, his, he, their, them, i, him, we, our, you, us, my, me, themselves, himself, your, her, thy, she, its, thee, theirs, one, ours, yours, ye, yee, ay, vp, severall, ''s, whereof, non, mine, hers, whosoever, vy''d, there, s, nay, myself, itself, iehosophat, ib, hee, elias, choakt, ce, bl

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

many, other, such, great, good, same, true, own, more, first, new, much, false, whole, wicked, old, godly, last, saith, common, second, holy, particular, necessary, full, present, contrary, most, greater, least, better, former, ordinary, very, little, non, like, able, strange, high, few, certain, christian, free, wise, large, -, private, greatest, general

not, so, then, now, also, up, more, as, yet, therefore, out, well, only, most, here, never, thus, onely, forth, much, first, ever, even, together, in, down, away, there, very, again, too, all, indeed, off, before, far, rather, once, that, still, further, on, is, else, no, at, secondly, otherwise, long, especially

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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