quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
as shown in fig48
the resistance of the42
by means of the34
by means of a27
the end of the25
the direction of the23
a current of electricity22
in the case of22
the value of the22
the ends of the21
in series with the21
the strength of the20
is shown in fig20
the current in the19
in the direction of17
as shown in the17
the voltage of the16
it will be seen16
the surface of the15
one terminal of the15
is connected to the15
the speed of the14
the position of the14
the terminals of the14
leeds and northrup fault13
it is necessary to13
the other end of13
and northrup fault finder13
will be seen that13
in the opposite direction12
other end of the12
the whole of the12
on the other hand12
in the armature circuit11
current passes through the11
as shown by the11
the north pole of11
are connected in series11
the action of the11
for the purpose of11
the deflection of the11
the insulation of the11
sparking at the brushes11
the top of the11
what should be done11
insulated from each other10
in contact with the10
it consists of a10
with leeds and northrup10
the length of the10
deflection of the needle10
current passing through the10
surface of the commutator10
the bottom of the10
strength of the current10
in the form of10
a current passes through9
will be necessary to9
the other terminal of9
so as to be9
connected in series with9
direction of the current9
magnetic lines of force9
north pole of the9
the resistance in the9
it will be necessary9
to that of the9
shown in the figure9
at right angles to9
speed of the motor9
the upper end of9
one end of the9
into contact with the9
in making the test8
of the unknown resistance8
so that it is8
the center of the8
the lines of force8
and the other to8
care should be taken8
a large number of8
end of the base8
the brushes should be8
other terminal of the8
is attached to the8
one or more of8
of the standard cell8
number of turns of8
resistance in the armature8
the current to be8
for the reason that8
the direction of rotation8
adjustment of the brushes8
fall of potential method8
how to make a8
when a current passes8
the operation of the8
passage of a current8
the passage of a8
in the same direction8
as soon as the8
cut out of circuit8
deflection of the galvanometer8
the coils of the8
the current passing through8
with respect to the7
the current from the7
or more of the7
terminal of the galvanometer7
with queen acme set7
was found to be7
be said with respect7
one of the coils7
a dynamo or motor7
of the magnetic field7
the needle will be7
is provided with a7
may be said with7
the plane of the7
should be done if7
is proportional to the7
galvanometer shows no deflection7
the effect of the7
when a current is7
current of electricity is7
of an electric current7
the movement of the7
to pass through the7
be connected to the7
what may be said7
the quantity of electricity7
the main switch is7
directly proportional to the7
said with respect to7
resistance of the loop7
each of the machines7
of the testing set7
of the field coils7
when the machine is7
at the other end7
this is done by7
value of the unknown7
may be due to7
method of testing resistances7
it is advisable to7
in a magnetic field7
of two or more7
the resistances of the7
is only necessary to6
the pressure of the6
resistance in series with6
a deflection of the6
right angles to the6
in order that the6
breaks in armature circuit6
the testing set battery6
is equal to the6
upper end of the6
of the instrument is6
when a current of6
end of the magnet6
the height of the6
of the permanent magnet6
that it may be6
the machine should be6
should be carefully examined6
diagram showing method of6
pole of the needle6
thompson watt hour meter6
is liable to be6
it will be found6
so long as the6
end of the armature6
part of the current6
end of the case6
of each of the6
current to pass through6
the lever of the6
a was found to6
is the difference between6
through the field coils6
on account of the6
the diameter of the6
if the machine be6
with no voltage release6
the fields of the6
be cut out of6
in the same way6
at the same time6
the positive terminal of6
what is the difference6
resistance in the rheostat6
sections of the field6
of the starting rheostat6
to be measured is6
at the point where6
out of the armature6
the no voltage release6
it is only necessary6
may be used to6
a bar of iron6
resistance of the voltmeter6
of the galvanometer needle6
the lower end of6
heating of the armature6
current flows through the6
in series with a6
connected as in fig6
contact with the commutator6
to the off position6
the number of turns6
the axis of the6
means of the hand6
lower end of the6
of the galvanometer is6
strength of the field6
as well as the6
current to be measured6
equal to that of6
the commutator and brushes6
are shown in fig6
in circuit with the6
being connected to the5
to the bottom of5
if there be a5
are connected up with5
when the galvanometer is5
of leeds and northrup5
by means of an5
the same as in5
the motion of the5
will be found to5
into and out of5
of the battery is5
one side of the5
connected up with the5
is placed in the5
of the good wire5
the brushes and commutator5
from end to end5
starter with no voltage5
rear end of the5
the first and second5
needle will be deflected5
the rear end of5
the amount of current5
resistance in the circuit5
compound dynamos in parallel5
when the key is5
used in connection with5
by inserting resistance in5
to the end of5
the reading a was5
if it be desired5
the middle of the5
of the broken wire5
the voltage of a5
of the needle will5
is passed through the5
no voltage and overload5
to the binding post5
as in the case5
is indicated by the5
in an electric circuit5
the resistance between the5
it be desired to5
height of the water5
is connected in series5
may be made to5
of all the dynamos5
to the south pole5
positive terminal of the5
to the bus bars5
in proportion to the5
the temperature of the5
the machine will not5
against the restraining force5
of the field winding5
so as to form5
made by means of5
lever of the starting5
to the terminals of5
showing method of coupling5
it is obvious that5
the resistance being tested5
reading a was found5
inserting resistance in the5
what is the effect5
the edge of the5
of the hand regulator5
the back of the5
made as in fig5
a deflection of one5
may be remedied by5
with no voltage and5
the instrument may be5
the needle of a5
connected to the bus5
that it can be5
no voltage release magnet5
as it is called5
of the coils are5
the fault may be5
on the other side5
it was found that5
the ratio between the5
the magnetic field of5
is the effect of5
reduce the speed of5
the connections are made5
in connection with the5
be connected in series5
the influence of the5
the good and bad5
insulation between the segments5
voltage and overload release5
resistance is cut out5
is directly proportional to5
terminal of the battery5
of the starting box5
the direction of current5
of the brushes are5
turns of fine wire5
the current through the5
the simplest form of5
in order to determine5
of the current in5
is suspended by a5
pole of the battery5
what provision is made5
the case of the5
the same as the5
the fact that the5
what is known as5
method with queen acme5
the line post c4
with a battery and4
the base of the4
and the reading a4
switches u and v4
in which the current4
a portion of the4
the voltage between the4
the machine is started4
the connections of the4
in the pole pieces4
with which it is4
what is the indication4
the south pole of4
wide and inch thick4
wires in a cable4
just the same as4
difference of pressure between4
at the terminals of4
regulation by armature resistance4
the case of a4
between the first and4
it will not be4
to the battery post4
machine will not build4
contact with the frame4
combined armature and shunt4
liable to be short4
connected to the negative4
current of electricity passes4
the winding of the4
is enclosed in a4
the current to pass4
of the brushes and4
leeds and northrup potentiometer4
in the shunt field4
of the galvanometer will4
plane of the coil4
at one end to4
proportional to the current4
the use of the4
this is called the4
is the same as4
good and bad wires4
pieces of magnetic metal4
heavy sparking at the4
is made of a4
a current in a4
what precaution should be4
shunt and compound dynamos4
it will be understood4
magnetic action in dynamo4
which are connected to4
the resistance of a4
made as shown in4
of the base is4
comparison with a standard4
the magnetic field at4
a current is passed4
the two main conductors4
by the number of4
the credit of the4
will be understood that4
through the magnetic field4
excessive heating of the4
the broken wire and4
will be found that4
details of the armature4
be seen that the4
a current will be4
on constant voltage circuits4
the difference of pressure4
coupling series dynamos in4
the two pieces of4
no current in the4
at the distant end4
let us assume that4
are connected up in4
the resistance is cut4
be removed from the4
as indicated by the4
inserted in series with4
the current will flow4
of a magnetic needle4
current from the other4
the angle of the4
needle of the galvanometer4
be found to be4
to cut out the4
and out of parallel4
for a variation of4
the extreme right hand4
it should be noted4
the polarity of the4
division on the scale4
an increase of load4
when the dynamo is4
a few turns of4
action of the current4
is obvious that the4
order to determine the4
so that it may4
upon a magnetic needle4
the current flowing through4
the amount of resistance4
the use of a4
brought up to speed4
the current passes through4
of the commutator will4
one pole of the4
the pressure at the4
each side of the4
may be cut out4
as in the figure4
current through the field4
attention should be given4
a wide range of4
parts of the machine4
be used with a4
in the magnetic field4
the series coils of4
the armature circuit of4
direction of the darts4
current is passed through4
a part of the4
the forward end of4
be done if the4
of the cable or4
the field coils of4
the galvanometer shows no4
a charge of electricity4
a battery and galvanometer4
the water in the4
length of the cable4
the operator at station4
the galvanometer is connected4
the positive and negative4
for the current to4
direction of rotation of4
provision is made to4
is to be measured4
passing through the coil4
if the current be4
from left to right4
as the resistance of4
within the magnetic field4
connecting the field coils4
at the bus bars4
the difference of potential4
in the field coils4
end of the coil4
of the shunt resistance4
with a pair of4
the magnetic lines of4
share of the load4
that it is not4
the terminals of a4
by the dotted lines4
all the resistance is4
is capable of being4
the volume of gas4
a certain amount of4
armature and shunt field4
a column of mercury4
diameter of the coil4
which may be used4
large number of turns4
coupling compound dynamos in4
cut out of the4
produce a deflection of4
of a few turns4
made of hard rubber4
from one pole of4
of the current will4
speed at which the4
of the armature is4
volume of gas liberated4
in starting a motor4
sparking at the commutator4
frame of the machine4
the voltmeter is connected4
by the magnetic field4
the end of a4
will pass through the4
if this be not4
at the center of4
to the fault is4
connected up with a4
of the commutator and4
is equal to that4
to be short circuited4
connections are made as4
upon what does the4
is connected up with4
to do the work4
bad adjustment of the4
making hydrogen and oxygen4
they are liable to4
the insulation between the4
current in the coil4
the current flows through4
as shown in figs4
is dependent upon the4
shown in the illustration4
to the strength of4
is to be used4
dynamo into and out4
the shunt field circuit4
and one of the4
to the negative terminal4
which it is connected4
advantage is taken of4
bad adjustment of brushes4
with one of the4
be measured is passed4
current is sent through4
from right to left4
arranged as in fig4
the result is that4
the principle of the4
the unknown resistance is4
is sent through the4
so that it can4
the armature of the4
the distance to the4
is known as a4
magnetic action in motor4
to the credit of4
value of the current4
short circuits between sections4
to operate the motor4
the main knife switch4
in order to prevent4
can be obtained by4
the current may be4
in the path of4
and the other end4
with one terminal of4
at its upper end4
precaution should be taken4
are liable to be4
ends of the wire3
the n pole of3
there for about a3
by shunt field resistance3
is known as the3
to a column of3
what is called the3
by reference to fig3
the various types of3
the terminal of the3
with a large number3
brushes upon the commutator3
north pole to the3
pole to the south3
the instruments are connected3
than the perfect coils3
size of the pipe3
that it is difficult3
to multiply the potentiometer3
loop method of fault3
forward end of the3
incorrect adjustment of regulators3
such a way that3
the machine may be3
to the right or3
for about a second3
pressure at its terminals3
will not build up3
such be the case3
through the two coils3
in the armature or3
the rated capacity of3
coil will be heated3
the amount of deflection3
must be multiplied by3
shown by the darts3
test for grounded armatures3
and the long coil3
coils are wound with3
with the frame of3
instrument may be calibrated3
switch is moved to3
point in the circuit3
should be removed from3
bad condition of commutator3
voltage of the standard3
frame or core of3
the circuit when the3
the center of a3
with a binding post3
heat directly into electricity3
to see that the3
of the current to3
current will flow through3
value of the resistance3
the total length of3
on one side of3
a wire carrying a3
switch should be opened3
in the magnetic meridian3
consists essentially of a3
clean and free from3
is the result of3
of a current in3
of the angle of3
current in the series3
of an inch thick3
the total resistance of3
and shunt field resistance3
it consists of two3
the series field winding3
end of the bar3
the hand to the3
of one or more3
coil may be cut3
circuit of the motor3
of the current is3
brushes not properly adjusted3
to the tangent of3
to serve as a3
of a series of3
of the machine should3
right angles to each3
credit of the customer3
the other binding post3
and hold it there3
the rotation of the3
the tips of the3
in the middle of3
the pointer of the3
the polarities of the3
to the ground through3
is illustrated in fig3
quarter of an inch3
whole of the current3
to its original position3
resistance in the box3
resistance of the good3
due to bad adjustment3
of turns of fine3
flowing through the wire3
be used on the3
potential method with queen3
of the armature will3
more than a few3
extreme right hand dial3
for this purpose a3
from contact with the3
it consists essentially of3
all the coils of3
to produce the correct3
the battery post and3
the brushes and the3
for voltages up to3
that the machine will3
by the action of3
measuring the resistance of3
which is to be3
is moved to the3
resistance of the cable3
be stopped and the3
positive and negative poles3
across the terminals of3
one or more segments3
at one end of3
to see that they3
the pressures of the3
a dot or a3
queen acme portable testing3
this is shown in3
a change in the3
has the advantage of3
of a number of3
upon the strength of3
the battery is connected3
then the current passing3
at a distance of3
by applying the hand3
is connected with the3
hand side of the3
the essential parts are3
is the indication of3
in the position st3
the accuracy of the3
in order to make3
magneto test for grounded3
distance to the break3
tension of the springs3
for a short time3
means of the rheostat3
be shunted with the3
battery and galvanometer keys3
out of contact with3
acme portable testing set3
the reading of the3
to which it is3
series coils of the3
the tangent of the3
a difference of pressure3
shunt dynamos in parallel3
of the movable coil3
at one end a3
the strength of current3
of the needle to3
shown in the diagram3
currents may be measured3
any point in the3
there will be no3
to the sine of3
slipping of the belt3
by a current of3
of such a character3
resistance of the rheostat3
terminal of the commutator3
may be shunted with3
shunt dynamos to run3
in the operation of3
the tenths switch and3
when the plugs are3
be given to the3
so that they will3
describe the method of3
so that if we3
the ends of a3
the machine has been3
dynamos to run in3
this be the case3
and compared with the3
the north pole to3
liable to be destroyed3
is connected to a3
is due to the3
the connections between the3
side of the armature3
upper end of this3
where l is the3
that they may be3
the battery and galvanometer3
with the other terminal3
to detect and measure3
to the passage of3
done by means of3
speed of the armature3
the needle will not3
whitney hot wire instruments3
in connection with a3
are placed in the3
the flow of the3
with the galvanometer and3
as the voltage rises3
rheostat with no voltage3
by the volume of3
effect of the current3
on each side of3
right hand side of3
of short circuits in3
at full speed with3
between the two stations3
short circuit may be3
of the machines is3
right hand dial of3
of the ratio coils3
method of fault location3
when the lever of3
be closed before the3
by connecting to the3
to be found in3
method of testing for3
in the course of3
regulating the speed of3
the least sparking occurs3
the movement of a3
by the resistance of3
a variation of of3
regulation by shunt field3
with no resistance in3
ends of the coils3
pressure at the terminals3
motor at full speed3
of potential method with3
of the bad wire3
bar to bar test3
of the faulty wire3
current flows from the3
the point where the3
terminals of the machine3
may be used for3
angles to each other3
rated capacity of the3
should be used to3
is inserted between the3
voltage of the cell3
what are the causes3
if the pressure of3
of the large magnet3
being the number of3
contact with the plate3
from a to c3
when the switch is3
connected in series and3
this is accomplished by3
the efficiency of the3
of the shunt field3
may be made by3
detect and measure electricity3
when the current is3
the short circuit may3
the dynamo may be3
so it may be3
until the galvanometer shows3
the new york book3
circuit with the galvanometer3
ohm by steps of3
a quarter of an3
it is difficult to3
of thompson watt hour3
serves as a means3
parallel to the shaft3
with the positive terminal3
if the motor be3
turns of heavy wire3
deflection of one division3
in the potentiometer circuit3
at the rate of3
as well as for3
to measure a current3
the queen acme set3
pole of the other3
a coil of wire3
sensibility being the number3
the liquid in the3
the frame of the3
tips of the brushes3
the ratio coils are3
in opposition to the3
what is called a3
be greater than the3
stationary when the weight3
the adjustment of the3
of the commutator to3
mounted on the shaft3
magnetic field of a3
circuits between sections through3
and a current of3
total resistance of the3
new york book company3
or to the left3
due to a column3
of the adjusting screw3
up with the other3
to the secondary coil3
result is that the3
should be noted that3
the sensibility being the3
a current is sent3
the fall of potential3
with a piece of3
in the center of3
through which the current3
the restraining force of3
through frame or core3
resistance in the shunt3
compass points north and3
by the current from3
to a greater extent3
is taken of this3
from the foregoing it3
the front of the3
this may be done3
of the coils in3
is mounted on a3
of the base has3
fault location with leeds3
one of which is3
be noted that the3
applying the hand to3
up to full speed3
of contact with the3
the contact on the3
close up to the3
was the first to3
so that the current3
by a binding screw3
contact with each other3
may be used as3
that it cannot be3
which is mounted a3
of electricity passes through3
position of the brushes3
constant or figure of3
the compass points north3
will be noted that3
when this has been3
from one of the3
be located by the3
means of a voltmeter3
proportional to the sine3
position shown in fig3
division of the scale3
shown by the dotted3
with the result that3
value of the shunt3
current will be generated3
a combination of the3
to and from the3
the weight is placed3
dot or a dash3
at which it is3
to one terminal of3
of one of the3
if the current in3
is the action of3
deposits silver at the3
back to the off3
the path of the3
total length of the3
against the direction of3
post and the negative3
is a method of3
there are several ways3
by the electric current3
that the fault is3
wiring up a house3
to the line post3
the bus bars is3
wire carrying a current3
connected by means of3
ohm coils for the3
of the water in3
armature of the motor3
that the resistance of3
direction of the dart3
as well as in3
the diagram shows the3
out of the circuit3
in series as shown3
in the same manner3
this means that the3
same as in the3
end of the key3
brought into contact with3
method of locating short3
how to acquire the3
field of a magnet3
as to form a3
and below normal speed3
of a pair of3
the double throw switch3
to stop a motor3
the reason that the3
they should then be3
from the copper to3
of current generated by3
the brushes upon the3
when constructed as a3
to which is attached3
of the several dynamos3
in which the scale3
will be deflected toward3
a standard of measurement3
as quickly as possible3
faces of the brushes3
short circuits in armature3
a resistance due to3
an instrument for measuring3
the constant of the3
difference of potential between3
commutator as shown in3
varies with the load3
end of the condenser3
one end to the3
end of the core3
series dynamos in parallel3
the faulty wire to3
the flow of a3
in place of the3
is a piece of3
a magnetic needle is3
of the voltmeter is3
as well as to3
any of the following3
end of the needle3
if such be the3
compound dynamos in series3
the form of a3
state of the commutator3
midway between the ends3
must be used to3
was adopted by the3
it may be readily3
in such a manner3
acted upon by the3
a resistance in series3
the base is a3
make a complete circuit3
field at right angles3
cable or faulty wire3
obtained from the formula3
if the machine do3
it is to be3
the coils of a3
the tension of the3
short circuits between adjacent3
flow of the current3
by the value of3
when no current is3
as a means of3
of the coil is3
which is in the3
and the negative terminal3
method of measuring the3
so as to cut3
proportional to the strength3
or figure of merit3
resistance due to a3
movement of a current3
the position shown in3
between the two coils3
machine is as follows3
move the lever of3
a direction opposite to3
deflections of a galvanometer3
n pole of the3
no resistance in circuit3
the armature should be3
it is evident that3
of the brushes upon3
series field winding of3
when the armature is3
at its lower end3
connected to the terminals3
armature circuit of the3
either direct or alternating3
place the double throw3
in the u tube3
will produce a deflection3
in a direction opposite3
so that when the3
of the coil and3
in this case the3
in the figure the3
connected up with one3
the needle of the3
to run in parallel3
so as to bring3
a greater or less3
the contact faces of3
the current strength is3
which it is to3
the cable or faulty3
method of locating a3
should be used in3
the difference between a3
so that it will3
which passes through the3
the wire of the3
few turns of heavy3
to excite the machine3
it is possible to3
the inner end of3
by means of which3
are simply special forms3
the term applied to3
on the top of3
to be used for3
of the whole current3
the instrument is made3
plug is inserted between3
when the weight is3
change in the direction3
is disconnected from the3
whole of the armature3
through the coils of3
likely to occur in3
the positive pole of3
be of the same3
in series or in3
the load upon the3
points a and b3
from north to south3
points north and south3
the machine do not3
it has been found3
to the resistance of3
proportional to the square3
series or in parallel3
the direction in which3
a method of locating3
it there for about3
this is known as3
inch wide and inch3
when the needle is3
of turns of wire3
as the load varies3
series with the armature3
which is indicated by3
resistance is put in3
the dimensions of the3
are insulated from each3
the current flows from3
the speed of a3
contact faces of the3
may be connected to3
if the voltage of3
be placed in the3
fact will be indicated3
are connected as in3
be out of contact3
to the bus bar3
after which it is3
of the wire is3
it is used for3
has been found that3
the cell to be3
it is made of3
main switch is closed3
should be taken with3
it will be noted3
series dynamos in series3
to reduce the speed3
the field coils may3
forced system of lubrication3
current generated by a3
connections were made as3
simply special forms of3
see that they are3
short circuits in the3
the latter may be3
moving iron type instrument3
into the shunt circuit3
of the armature and3
current in the wire3
will be indicated by3
and in the case3
give a deflection of3
on which is mounted3
it would be difficult3
to bad adjustment of3
are provided with a3
the dynamo should be3
the handle of the3
hold it there for3
the fact will be3
from the north pole3
movement of the lever3
inches in diameter and3
the speed of rotation3
shunt dynamos in series3
at which the motor3
current in the loop3
should be taken that3
by comparison with a3
location with leeds and3
the copper to the3
series with the battery3
in cross section at3
divisions of the scale3
are attached to the3
terminal of the secondary3
to determine the current3
of a tangent galvanometer3
be proportional to the3
the pressure of this3
the coil may be3
if one of the3
water in the reservoir3
of the armature circuit3
cell to be tested3
with the axis of3
be used as a3
of fault location with3
with a wire of3
to one of the3
the current required to3
is such as to3
circuit by means of3
silver at the rate3
in circuit with each3
why the compass points3
necessary to bring the3
the motor should be3
in such a way3
diagram showing connections of3
the armature or commutator3
where there are two3
instruments are connected as3
the body of the3
if the brushes be3
end of the mandrel3
the deflections of the3
across the unknown resistance3
no current is flowing3
employed resistance in the3
flow of a current3
is of such a3
the sparking at the3
and then measuring the3
in the main circuit3
the difference between the3
it is desired to3
of rotation of the3
such a manner that3
positions upon the commutator3
with all resistance in3
the field coils and3
bad condition of brushes3
to the post ba3
at an angle to3
were made as in3
the arms a and3
axis of the coil3
is joined to the3
is in contact with3
the foregoing it will3
what kind of oil3
by an aluminum disc2
used to advantage where2
cloth or piece of2
swing to the left2
regulation by combined armature2
of which the electrodes2
it is called the2
box is moved to2
connected up by a2
disc of the normal2
will not be deflected2
only necessary to multiply2
in correct line with2
bearings can be lubricated2
be thrown over so2
last pair of blocks2
of mirrors in galvanometers2
from which the current2
seen that when the2
compound dynamo into and2
method of correcting reversed2
what tools and apparatus2
exterior magnetic influence around2
the object being to2
the press has been2
the correct polarity in2
two outer terminals are2
like the needle of2
through the lower end2
common air not a2
regular succession of values2
rapidity of modern progress2
if the difference be2
of unknown resistance and2
in taking the temperature2
such a character that2
made to fit the2
meter away from the2
be explained as follows2
a solution of sulphate2
the potentiometer reading is2
what two kinds of2
interposed in the path2
moving in a magnetic2
the oil is forced2
sent through the coils2
by weight of the2
of a few minutes2
would be the case2
the bottom of each2
broken wire and good2
also passes through a2
a great deal of2
ran as a dynamo2
good contact with the2
be as low as2
that they do not2
the lower right hand2
insulation of the machine2
distance of one meter2
by a set screw2
wound so as to2
current from the battery2
may not be affected2
of the field and2
and the two outer2
to the posts marked2
so connected up that2
the cable between the2
key has a wire2
acquire the vast knowledge2
a multiple of the2
cause the needle to2
l is the length2
from the other terminal2
increases the current in2
pressure between a and2
in order to maintain2
make a copper voltameter2
distant end of the2
can be controlled by2
carrying a current of2
placed in the scoop2
may be used with2
we shall have volts2
by changes in temperature2
passing through the magnetic2
use an outside battery2
is also provided with2
construction and principle of2
ends of the electrodes2
total scale value of2
opposite ends of the2
the pressure of each2
are frequently provided with2
a pair of copper2
a small hole in2
the positive lead to2
of the surrounding air2
the indication that the2
from a battery or2
deflection of ten divisions2
bridging across the insulation2
a ray of light2
of the respective machines2
winding cables with marlin2
the galvanometer is used2
binding post for a2
of the line wires2
to test a meter2
in order to get2
front and back of2
and the bar a2
be allowed to rise2
be substituted for the2
battery or another dynamo2
not kept thoroughly clean2
coils being so connected2
moved so as to2
will be the same2
cloth dipped in vaseline2
various other electrical manifestations2
plate in a battery2
columbia watt hour meter2
th of for the2
by the removal of2
polarities of the magnets2
the battery and the2
is ready to be2
and must be adjusted2
segment and hold it2
of the moving element2
side of the u2
but when the armature2
with this arrangement the2
be used in a2
the function of the2
its terminal is designated2
to the next core2
equal to the voltage2
the ordinary starting box2
will be out of2
and if this be2
the machine building up2
takes up the slack2
opens with leeds and2
to excite arises from2
brush holder of the2
by twice the angle2
may be used on2
the needle is attracted2
the pivot of the2
is composed of cables2
needle swing to the2
the machine to which2
in a circuit which2
the defective wire from2
the anode shall be2
insulation resistance of the2
being that due to2
tend to turn the2
faulty wires in a2
of an inch in2
which the galvanometer is2
connected with the positive2
ends of the shunt2
pivot of the hook2
of which is connected2
shows no deflection when2
armature of electric bell2
is a high resistance2
with the small holes2
enough to carry the2
the shunt field leads2
of the field magnets2
should be given to2
so that they may2
bar test for short2
the inner side of2
of magnets in motor2
will answer the purpose2
hammer multiple switch starter2
with amperes flowing to2
will give the value2
when there is no2
are induced in the2
that german silver has2
varying the field strength2
the total resistance is2
thereby completing the circuit2
soft cloth dipped in2
in the above figure2
with an increase of2
revolve with the shaft2
remains stationary when the2
and a coulomb is2
a current flows through2
secured to the base2
step of resistance is2
so far as the2
binding posts for the2
two classes of voltameter2
by the fact that2
these controllers being per2
of the current flowing2
is wound to the2
presence of a current2
the secondary coil will2
resistance out of the2
brushes of all the2
field coils of all2
upon by the current2
in a charged wire2
shown in the following2
is applied to the2
switching a compound dynamo2
r resistance of the2
the active material of2
the father of the2
smoothing commutator with a2
the damping effect in2
for opens with leeds2
and the other two2
duncan watt hour meter2
plating iron with copper2
a coulomb is the2
that the coil is2
known as the weston2
attached to the moving2
motors in parallel with2
to the shaft acting2
more than their share2
it books electricity for2
the instrument indicates the2
as the apparatus it2
upon the amount of2
what is the allowable2
by the human eye2
the only remedy is2
for more than a2
in the position pq2
the transmitter and receiver2
the operation of starting2
the field strength of2
end of the switch2
solution of sulphate of2
arrange itself north and2
the faulty coil will2
main knife switch and2
speed of a motor2
of a high tension2
are two other wires2
around a vertical axis2
with the shunt circuit2
current flowing through a2
the unconnected terminal of2
be drawn off by2
the current will traverse2
the commutator has been2
coil or between segments2
cell to have a2
the commutator end of2
it is impossible to2
a complete glossary of2
its operation depends upon2
the next step is2
at a right angle2
otherwise the machine will2
has one of its2
the known resistance and2
of current through the2
type commutator truing device2
are the field coils2
right or to the2
ohms to international ohms2
resistance to the passage2
settle to the bottom2
bar test for open2
was found that the2
interior view of thompson2
turned so that the2
are made as shown2
negative lead to the2
will be deflected to2
in the circuit by2
can be made at2
it should be done2
the use of hydrogen2
when the connections are2
reverse the direction of2
is of the same2
these instruments is produced2
ohm readily estimated to2
short circuits in commutator2
a complete circuit is2
solution of copper sulphate2
the starting box is2
current in the circuit2
is the value of2
which the wires are2
term applied to the2
in order to increase2
it should first be2
must be made as2
in cases where the2
the case of large2
one of a pair2
is now necessary to2
in close proximity to2
curious superstitions concerning electricity2
of the needle from2
the earth as a2
the case is provided2
shown by the dart2
taken off the hook2
when the current falls2
the range of the2
pressure of this battery2
to occur in a2
bottom of the meter2
and bad wires are2
soon as the voltage2
be examined to see2
a very small current2
so that the north2
large enough to carry2
after a run of2
d of the armature2
has a wire connection2
defined as the resistance2
in the insulation between2
below that of the2
tools and apparatus are2
with the positive pole2
the base by a2
and lang electric vehicles2
rheostat form of switch2
adjustment is made by2
increase by shunt field2
flows through the wire2
oxygen as a purifier2
increased in proportion to2
is not at all2
plates are held apart2
the flow of electricity2
so arranged that the2
armature resistance method of2
speed all the resistance2
reading of the meter2
desired to operate the2
electrical contact with the2
a single piece of2
of the bus bars2
until the value of2
may be made of2
in order to suit2
strength of the armature2
and where there are2
of the resistance being2
it is a difficult2
a coil carrying the2
short piece of wire2
apparatus for measuring low2
of arranging the connections2
there being no iron2
to reverse the direction2
the number of micro2
when the tool is2
starting rheostats of small2
of correcting reversed polarity2
coil must be a2
to be run in2
needle is suspended by2
coils in opposite directions2
direction of the flow2
the leads from the2
a chemical change is2
or less developed fault2
is made up of2
may be short circuited2
special forms of ammeter2
the level of the2
to make a sulphuric2
voltmeter may be used2
the standard cell sc2
between sections through frame2
the varnish or insulation2
are sent through the2
may be ascertained by2
moved to the first2
switch should be closed2
a torque which tends2
the torque or pull2
the vibration of the2
dynamo fails to excite2
connected direct to the2
field coils may be2
current is flowing through2
opposite to that of2
can be compared with2
so arranged as to2
term applied to a2
well for practical use2
completely disconnected from those2
to the correct angle2
telephone stations in circuit2
is to cause the2
both ends of the2
circuit is directly proportional2
of assembling core discs2
it has been stated2
with the same degree2
are in contact with2
ought not to be2
passes through the coils2
the term build up2
if it be necessary2
the batteries of the2
of sulphate of copper2
to one side of2
to act or the2
run as a motor2
the other side of2
the speed of shunt2
flows from the north2
do not make good2
controllers being per cent2
the law of the2
terminals of a battery2
effect is to cause2
uses of the electrical2
and the south pole2
amount of deflection of2
proportion to the current2
the whitney hot wire2
to clean them with2
by an excessive heating2
where there is no2
short circuiting sections of2
that all metals are2
to the bottom and2
than the resistance of2
is the length of2
done in case of2
connected in series as2
and is now used2
by exciting the field2
pressing on a commutator2
means of a short2
view of resistance device2
should be fixed by2
so as to obtain2
of a decade can2
attached to the needle2
circuit in coil or2
one of the small2
if the trouble be2
not be possible to2
kept thoroughly clean and2
the field coils in2
the apparatus required consists2
be made to run2
of the instrument are2
will now be seen2
and in the second2
the magnetic field is2
one of the pieces2
is provided by means2
among the series coils2
damping effect in these2
must be taken to2
so interoperating as to2
the motor up to2
a current passing through2
put in circuit with2
in the first instance2
protection to the wires2
other wires which may2
be less than the2
rauch and lang electric2
at about the same2
and the points and2
is found in the2
a total scale value2
the main switch be2
the rings are placed2
to the influence of2
neighboring current in a2
a current which is2
as in the ordinary2
which is wound to2
to make a complete2
must be kept clean2
diagram of connections in2
key is pressed down2
which is attached a2
is driving comes up2
surrounded by a coil2
taken from the line2
upon the end of2
a brush holder of2
between any two points2
of the armature winding2
a decade can be2
affected by magnetic fields2
of starters and regulators2
a wire or circuit2
is in the direction2
dial of which registers2
which is the measure2
the switch be closed2
wound dynamos to run2
and the negative lead2
amount of current to2
regulation of traction motors2
the coupling of two2
as may be required2
broken joint between commutator2
battery post and the2
residual magnetism should be2
may be defined as2
the successive steps of2
other cables in which2
how to detect and2
a binding post for2
regulate to approximately constant2
with a decrease of2
connections for series and2
advantage where the length2
the tendency for the2
a rush of current2
together so as to2
to hold the needle2
is shown a brush2
coated with sulphide of2
on the surface of2
magnet to the other2
constructed as a voltmeter2
brushes making bad contact2
parts of a dynamo2
fault may be remedied2
difficult for the current2
which the current passes2
magnetic field which is2
one end is a2
are the pressure terminals2
a hole through the2
in the other direction2
the point of normal2
is turned so that2
to the base by2
coils of all the2
to a certain value2
the switch is moved2
from the plane of2
is likely to occur2
should be allowed to2
fall below that of2
the sine of the2
voltmeters are simply special2
to the first contact2
half inch below the2
to the difference of2
turn off the lamps2
for what kinds of2
passed through the galvanometer2
the good and broken2
composition of the metal2
the winding consists of2
at a constant value2
is brought into contact2
sections through binding wires2
so that they do2
plate in the cup2
the column of mercury2
a magnetic needle of2
to the positive brushes2
to get the best2
a current is passing2
brought up to the2
and good wire are2
indication of excessive voltage2
short circuits or breaks2
the failure to excite2
that the armature is2
the latter with oil2
an aluminum disc moving2
we have a large2
positive terminal of one2
will flow through it2
can be increased by2
side of the battery2
the pressure will have2
cutting the lines of2
the deflection with the2
not grouped in pairs2
of the variable resistance2
be connected across the2
to whether the armature2
of eddy currents in2
bring the needle to2
a long coil galvanometer2
brushes of the armature2
with the field coils2
by means of it2
in the two branches2
of the coils is2
is at a distance2
be used for measuring2
only necessary to connect2
put into the lathe2
direct to the positive2
the right or to2
produce the correct polarity2
until a position is2
each other and the2
when the speed of2
in sparking at the2
resistance of the starting2
arises from this cause2
coupling of two or2
to measure high resistances2
the coil under test2
the bulb of the2
of locating short circuits2
will cause it to2
current generated by each2
the case or cover2
one conductor to another2
method of assembling core2
lines of force parallel2
being provided with a2
and in the opposite2
cable to carbon brush2
natural sines and tangents2
of the battery and2
voltage between the outside2
a uniform cross section2
and the load on2
is arranged so that2
between p and q2
tenths switch and the2
circuit wires in direct2
because the resistance of2
terminal into the wire2
it contacts with the2
feed the latter with2
hand dial of which2
the main switch should2
speed of the machine2
how to place the2
test for break in2
in a neat and2
the coil should be2
as to make it2
means of a pair2
of this wire is2
and assume the position2
of the metal of2
so as to make2
with a cup of2
the capacity of the2
cut resistance out of2
less than that of2
must be insulated from2
the sulphuric acid voltameter2
the coherer switch is2
the sizes of the2
and it is therefore2
shall have volts and2
when current passes through2
find a means whereby2
the lever to the2
the field and armature2
to the movement of2
is almost universally used2
which is divided into2
current in a charged2
faults of this description2
faults where the loop2
is no current in2
calibrated to read volts2
of the current passing2
that the brushes bear2
is six inches long2
to go from c2
an appreciable time to2
the pressure of a2
is then easily calculated2
the same hub post2
from the north to2
method of soldering cable2
shunt and compound machines2
primary to the secondary2
shaft and cause the2
on the switch next2
be taken not to2
method of coupling series2
will cause the motor2
by means of screws2
so wound as to2
provided for the purpose2
the voltage regulated by2
the morse telegraph code2
heat in a wire2
care must be taken2
than a few seconds2
top view of armature2
the speed at which2
the negative lead to2
slots in which the2
the study of electricity2
inches wide and inch2
range of the instrument2
the commutator with a2
the form of gas2
direction of the deflection2
which are placed in2
cable between the fault2
the side of the2
in testing for opens2
a moderate amount of2
as the starting lever2
proper share of the2
and the other terminal2
connecting up the plates2
x and y are2
the galvanometer needle will2
the quantity of water2
when the disc is2
position of the coil2
may be calibrated to2
of the whitney hot2
more shunt dynamos to2
of the current generated2
the circuit is directly2
two main conductors or2
indicating direction of current2
regulator with no voltage2
may be increased to2
how to test a2
with one end of2
of the field magnet2
turns embraced by twice2
connected to the block2
speed regulator with no2
more or less developed2
the binding posts for2
the square root of2
upon the commutator with2
through one or more2
resistance of one ohm2
the next dial kilowatt2
extent than the perfect2
of coupling compound dynamos2
the other terminals of2
in pressing on a2
the arms of the2
with a layer of2
the rheostat coils are2
connections are shown in2
field with amperes flowing2
requires a very small2
of smoothing commutator with2
are the causes of2
when a dynamo is2
to make a telephone2
disappear as soon as2
circuits or breaks in2
the normal speed in2
a closed circuit is2
of pressure between the2
is connected is not2
to advantage where the2
to keep the commutator2
by maintaining a difference2
coils of the moving2
sufficiently well for practical2
of a conductor to2
load upon the machine2
may be used in2
see that it is2
mounted on the same2
two terminals of the2
in direct current dynamo2
loose or knocked in2
and at the same2
comes up to speed2
are in the position2
when this is the2
produced by an aluminum2
from those at work2
with the load and2
it be necessary to2
used to complete the2
through the instrument and2
at the negative pole2
the currents in the2
the broken wire to2
the meter and is2
nil or zero method2
device consists of a2
will not be affected2
coated with copper to2
when the circuit is2
to the shaft and2
how to start a2
to an accuracy of2
secondary standards are made2
has the sine galvanometer2
should not exceed volts2
how are the field2
of the two machines2
coating one metal with2
to the brushes and2
is made use of2
distance to the fault2
the total employed resistance2
sections through frame or2
the known resistance as2
be passed through a2
current which has passed2
and the latter is2
are completely disconnected from2
there must be a2
the latter should be2
show no deflection when2
between the fault and2
which short circuits the2
of some of the2
away from the wall2
are the resistances of2
when these parts are2
of a body or2
the two terminals of2
wound upon metal spools2
the fault is due2
is to use the2
rated voltage and below2
between the poles of2
in such cases the2
likely to break down2
of a bar of2
so that part of2
the two kinds of2
in a practical way2
circuiting for electric bell2
the commutator will become2
the pointer for a2
instrument is shown in2
be heated to a2
the needle is deflected2
a short section of2
as to cut resistance2
of the varnish or2
of the coil under2
that quality of a2
where the length of2
the resistance of one2
the iron surface has2
the north to the2
in the following figures2
the upper ends of2
coils of wheatstone bridge2
terminal of the bell2
of tinned iron wire2
up so that it2
is taken off the2
under the recording pen2
galvanometer is shown in2
a difference in the2
for making hydrogen and2
is connected as in2
the fall of pressure2
disconnecting it from the2
the brushes be not2
for a deflection of2
the size of the2
defective wire from the2
sparking at the switch2
is a very simple2
should the brushes be2
in the arms a2
breaks in the armature2
of the various types2
the brushes to their2
end of the adjusting2
is the objection to2
out of line with2
over the slots in2
to cut out a2
the generation of the2
out faulty wires in2
break down the insulation2
and thus prevent the2
the voltage is determined2
is desired to operate2
galvanometer constant or figure2
contacts with the positive2
a high tension machine2
definite proportion of the2
is used in place2
the same direction as2
the only difference being2
which the sparking disappears2
wires in direct current2
the restraining force due2
it is not at2
of the extended wire2
pair of copper plates2
with a soft cloth2
located directly over the2
is connected to each2
to read a meter2
field and the armature2
the construction of a2
handle of the starting2
but the moment the2
needle of a differential2
case is provided with2
the reading is then2
amount of current generated2
magnet is a piece2
varying the resistance in2
current required to operate2
be necessary to clean2
position of the lever2
is defined as the2
unconnected terminal of the2
ohmmeter or wheatstone bridge2
of coupling shunt dynamos2
and ohms pq and2
turn against the restraining2
pressure of one volt2
the output of the2
voltage and amperage in2
to complete the circuit2
illustrating the dot and2
of the pole pieces2
if a high resistance2
tinned iron wire wound2
the primary to the2
low resistance so that2
that the north pole2
connected to a terminal2
there is no reverse2
of the cell or2
from the position of2
quantity of current used2
with greater or less2
armature is of the2
shaft produce a torque2
prepayment watt hour meter2
resistance of the shunt2
if the coils be2
connected to each of2
torque which tends to2
a shunt or compound2
the rheostat resistance is2
up by a wire2
a distance of one2
a position is found2
body of the wire2
it may be used2
should be examined to2
wire of uniform diameter2
be not kept thoroughly2
the needle be deflected2
rotation of the armature2
section of telephone receiver2
to the measurement of2
the other set of2
through the resistance box2
can be obtained with2
of soldering cable to2
it is then called2
method of binding armature2
terminals of their respective2
the method of arranging2
of the armature resistance2
how the voltage is2
in a direction to2
resistance be connected in2
the armature is dependent2
the distribution of the2
in the arm b2
the shunt circuit by2
two or more shunt2
by bad adjustment of2
correcting reversed polarity in2
may be done by2
either in series or2
which there is a2
restraining force of a2
may be made as2
piece of soft iron2
it is well to2
greater or less degree2
and the current will2
between each pair of2
on the end of2
dynamo field and pole2
that at the time2
be suspected that the2
center of the scale2
so arranged that it2
passing through the instrument2
the poles of a2
resistance to be measured2
the presence of an2
which they are connected2
after which proceed as2
interoperating as to cut2
held by a binding2
which the current is2
it is mounted in2
wire and good wire2
commutator with a stone2
it should not be2
one of the wires2
it should be remembered2
of the field with2
the needle to zero2
junction of the two2
and the other set2
let a represent the2
with the brush holders2
the ten ohm coils2
off the scale in2
dust lodging in the2
to adjust the brushes2
amount of speed reduction2
high resistance be connected2
in which the rings2
bars of the commutator2
us assume that the2
the machine will excite2
a heating of the2
to correspond with the2
shown a brush holder2
the brushes may not2
offer a resistance to2
the key is pressed2
if the current required2
the case if the2
resistance of the external2
the combined action of2
be made to flow2
that the bearings can2
load on the motor2
be multiplied by the2
the armature revolves freely2
through the holes in2
the battery b is2
are shown in the2
a simple electric heater2
is mounted a pair2
that when a current2
a difficult matter to2
a few minutes at2
contact on the extended2
that there is a2
should be of the2
good wire are not2
the battery through wire2
or if there be2
the meter away from2
it is connected is2
easily calculated from the2
how the circuits are2
lines of force at2
of the properties of2
at both ends of2
of the coils be2
but if there be2
a greater extent than2
regulated by means of2
of the external circuit2
for practical use by2
the voltmeter connected to2
the opposite direction to2
must be very high2
a definite part of2
a cup of acid2
little or no sparking2
or out of circuit2
causes the current to2
to this last mentioned2
used to connect the2
the key and sounder2
the position of instability2
but in the case2
the unit of current2
to the movable coil2
connections for two shunt2
open the main knife2
the brushes be raised2
quantity of water will2
a solution of copper2
the disc of the2
be multiplied by any2
coil is connected to2
is produced by a2
from which it was2
be used on either2
made up of two2
them out of their2
is cut out of2
required to force the2
effect of hot bearings2
is represented sufficiently well2
screwed to the base2
is held against the2
flowing to the load2
the shaft produce a2
and in the other2
current strength in amperes2
baked appearance of the2
circuits in armature circuit2
current flowing through the2
is made in the2
connecting up storage battery2
the battery key and2
form a closed circuit2
the bridge is balanced2
speed regulation of traction2
coils of a decade2
when shutting down a2
go from c to2
by one ampere in2
that the end of2
battery is connected to2
are set in correct2
accurate measurement of voltage2
to avoid touching the2
in place of a2
of the armature chamber2
and it would be2
to the cable sheath2
putting on the next2
the load on the2
have a high voltage2
of such dynamos as2
of the motor in2
an indication that the2
of the motor as2
wiring system for a2
the needle to turn2
to be observed in2
the rings fail to2
in the second method2
surface of the armature2
the coil and the2
adjacent bars of a2
the angle of deflection2
to flow from the2
the hook in station2
faulty coil cannot be2
may be reduced to2
galvanometer is connected to2
circuit so that the2
the needle to travel2
speed regulation of series2
to bear in mind2
raised from contact with2
is suitable for measuring2
the rate of current2
shunts of different capacities2
of the tenths switch2
the second method the2
in the former case2
electricity is passed through2
oil and reset the2
any particles of metal2
of alternating dynamo armature2
same degree of accuracy2
two pieces of magnetic2
the brushes are in2
terminals of each of2
you will remember that2
of electricity is passed2
copper to the iron2
to leap across the2
use of mirrors in2
end of the pin2
it is liable to2
that of the others2
segments of the commutator2
fault is at a2
m and n will2
with a value of2
generating electricity is by2
on the magnetic vane2
when the main switch2
air not a good2
fresh supply poured in2
of for the coils2
needle will not be2
connection of alternating dynamo2
act or the reservoir2
the circuit at the2
what does the sensibility2
is obtained from the2
and compound dynamos in2
the coils in opposite2
and the necessity of2
current of electricity flows2
the distant end of2
in this method the2
a very high resistance2
passing through the circuit2
the relation between the2
of the meter and2
at the top of2
a soft cloth dipped2
diaphragm in a magnetic2
of coils of the2
appearance of the varnish2
as the machine is2
it be suspected that2
place the battery connection2
testing and testing apparatus2
and operation of the2
post for a wire2
a current of that2
cables in which the2
consists of a small2
there is no current2
they are designed to2
circuiting sections of the2
along the axis of2
the scale in volts2
of a galvanometer needle2
circuit when the machine2
come into contact with2
the machine has built2
of a column of2
a decrease of load2
of winding cables with2
change the direction of2
by which he may2
motive force divided by2
what north and south2
found at which the2
a pair of parallel2
running to the other2
may be detected by2
the causes of excessive2
as a means for2