subject-churchHistory-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 38 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 4,070,846 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 110,022 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, church, christ, will, time, great, also, made, man, may, first, men, bishop, things, us, yet, many, shall, king, therefore, good, called, place, now, much, must, faith, life, might, pope, lord, bishops, see, two, words, death, emperour, without, chap, people, word, holy, make, concerning, de, hee, rome, others, christians

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A systeme or body of divinity consisting of ten books : wherein the fundamentals and main grounds of religion are opened, the contrary errours refuted, most of the controversies between us, the papists, Arminians, and Socinians discussed and handled, several Scriptures explained and vindicated from corrupt glosses : a work seasonable for these times, wherein so many articles of our faith are questioned, and so many gross errours daily published / by Edward Leigh., The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes., and Christs victorie ouer Sathans tyrannie Wherin is contained a catalogue of all Christs faithfull souldiers that the Diuell either by his grand captaines the emperours, or by his most deerly beloued sonnes and heyres the popes, haue most cruelly martyred for the truth. With all the poysoned doctrins wherewith that great redde dragon hath made drunken the kings and inhabitants of the earth; with the confutations of them together with all his trayterous practises and designes, against all Christian princes to this day, especially against our late Queen Elizabeth of famous memorie, and our most religious Soueraigne Lord King Iames. Faithfully abstracted out of the Book of martyrs, and diuers other books. By Thomas Mason preacher of Gods Word..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

jesus christ, holy ghost, every one, let us, page chap, tells us, christian religion, new testament, set forth, must needs, one another, lord jesus, gods word, made use, fuketian copy, roman church, long time, iesus christ, whole world, catholick church, many things, book de, right hand, old testament, french king, christian faith, first place, general council, holy spirit, one god, every man, may see, lords supper, learned men, next day, nothing else, god will, two things, like manner, take away, english books, early english, roman empire, holy scriptures, three hundred, holy scripture, true faith, great number, one place, eternal life

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The exceptions of Mr. Edwards in his Causes of atheism against the Reasonableness of Christianity, as deliver''d in the Scriptures, examin''d and found unreasonable, unscriptural, and injurious also it''s clearly proved by many testimonies of Holy Scripture, that the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ is the only God and Father of Christians. The Scotts declaration, in answer to the declaration, sent unto them by their commissioners now at London, from the honourable Houses of Parliament of England: expressing their care to prevent the effusion of Christian blood; and their affections to reformation both to kirk and state. Ordered by the Lords and Commons, that this be forthwith printed and published, H. Elsynge, Cler. Parl. Dom: Com, and The state of Christendom, or, A most exact and curious discovery of many secret passages and hidden mysteries of the times written by Henry Wotten ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, god, religion, lord, churches, gospel, christ, father, faith, son, law, christians, bishop, spirit, apostles, world, pope, king, holy, emperour, christian, scripture, people, man, jews, iohn, doctrine, tcp, epistle, power, laws, gods, empire, authority, word, temple, saviour, government, ghost, duke, council, communion, clergy, city, children, book, bishops, truth, sea, scriptures

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Constantius the Apostate being a short account of his life and the sense of the primitive Christians about his succession and their behaviour toward him : wherein is shown the unlawfulness of excluding the next heir upon the account of religion, and the necessity of passive obedience, as well to the unlawfull oppressour, as the legal persecutour : being a full answer to a late pamphlet intituled Julian the Apostate, &c. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. god - A systeme or body of divinity consisting of ten books : wherein the fundamentals and main grounds of religion are opened, the contrary errours refuted, most of the controversies between us, the papists, Arminians, and Socinians discussed and handled, several Scriptures explained and vindicated from corrupt glosses : a work seasonable for these times, wherein so many articles of our faith are questioned, and so many gross errours daily published / by Edward Leigh.
2. bishop - The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.
3. king - Christs victorie ouer Sathans tyrannie Wherin is contained a catalogue of all Christs faithfull souldiers that the Diuell either by his grand captaines the emperours, or by his most deerly beloued sonnes and heyres the popes, haue most cruelly martyred for the truth. With all the poysoned doctrins wherewith that great redde dragon hath made drunken the kings and inhabitants of the earth; with the confutations of them together with all his trayterous practises and designes, against all Christian princes to this day, especially against our late Queen Elizabeth of famous memorie, and our most religious Soueraigne Lord King Iames. Faithfully abstracted out of the Book of martyrs, and diuers other books. By Thomas Mason preacher of Gods Word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. god, unto, shall - Martyrologia alphabetikē, or, An alphabetical martyrology containing the tryals and dying expressions of many martyrs of note since Christ : extracted out of Foxe''s Acts and monuments of the church : with an alphabetical list of God''s judgements remarkably shown on many noted and cruel persecutors : together with an appendix of things pertinent to martyrology by N.T., M.A.T.C.C. [i.e. Master of Arts Trinity College Cambridge]
2. god, christ, man - A systeme or body of divinity consisting of ten books : wherein the fundamentals and main grounds of religion are opened, the contrary errours refuted, most of the controversies between us, the papists, Arminians, and Socinians discussed and handled, several Scriptures explained and vindicated from corrupt glosses : a work seasonable for these times, wherein so many articles of our faith are questioned, and so many gross errours daily published / by Edward Leigh.
3. hee, king, church - The estate of the Church with the discourse of times, from the apostles vntill this present: also of the liues of all the emperours, popes of Rome, and Turkes: as also of the Kings of Fraunce, England, Scotland, Spaine, Portugall, Denmarke, &c. With all the memorable accidents of their times. Translated out of French into English by Simon Patrike, Gentleman.
4. vales, chap, concerning - The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.
5. church, unto, bishop - Tentamen novum continuatum. Or, An answer to Mr Owen''s Plea and defense. Wherein Bishop Pearson''s chronology about the time of St. Paul''s constituting Timothy Bishop of Ephesus, and Titus of Crete, is confirm''d; the second epistle to Timothy demonstrated to have been written in the apostle''s latter imprisonment at Rome; and all Mr. Owen''s arguments drawn from antiquity for Presbyterian parity and ordination by presbyters, are overthrown. Herein is more particularly prov''d, that the Church of England, ever since the Reformation, believ''d the divine right of bishops. By Thomas Gipps, rector of Bury in Lancashire.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

time, things, man, men, p., place, words, death, others, people, life, day, thing, name, t, manner, part, nothing, end, faith, body, power, world, word, way, reason, persons, order, religion, self, truth, year, years, ▪, person, hath, hee, times, places, sin, cause, scripture, one, book, nature, hands, hand, king, ad, none

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, was, be, were, had, are, have, being, made, did, said, do, been, called, make, concerning, see, say, having, sent, done, came, come, put, set, let, has, take, taken, according, written, brought, know, give, found, given, says, read, am, went, hath, 〈, think, received, used, condemned, thought, gave, believe, left

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, god, church, christ, bishop, c., lord, pope, emperour, king, rome, chap, christians, bishops, vales, pag, ●, de, thou, l., father, hath, law, holy, iohn, gods, christian, faith, lib, epistle, city, council, churches, s., spirit, son, france, eusebius, paul, est, hee, gospel, word, book, synod, constantine, mr., heaven

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

he, his, it, they, their, him, them, i, we, our, you, us, my, himself, her, me, your, themselves, she, thy, its, thee, one, theirs, ''em, vp, mine, ours, ye, itself, †, yours, whereof, vnto, em, herself, ourselves, f, whosoever, s, non, hers, u, ''s, ●, thou, hee, ‖, us''d, l

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, great, many, such, same, own, first, good, true, more, whole, much, second, little, holy, present, certain, last, new, necessary, most, old, common, third, saith, least, very, false, former, greater, several, dead, particular, able, full, long, next, better, like, wicked, wise, right, divine, greatest, ancient, worthy, high, general, best, contrary

not, so, then, also, therefore, now, more, most, only, up, as, thus, out, very, here, yet, well, there, first, together, much, again, never, onely, even, rather, before, away, down, ever, long, forth, that, indeed, thereof, is, far, in, off, afterwards, all, especially, likewise, else, too, moreover, often, sometimes, once, still

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

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