subject-catholicChurch-freebo
Introduction
This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.
This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.
All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.
Size
There are 496 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 23,147,872 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 46,669 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.
Readability
On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.
Word Frequencies
By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:
church, god, one, may, will, christ, yet, faith, shall, first, man, men, haue, pope, say, us, must, now, rome, great, much, true, many, made, therefore, make, de, also, saith, things, without, time, good, holy, doth, see, hee, religion, scripture, thing, though, reason, words, might, world, doctrine, power, well, word, bishop
Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A rational account of the grounds of Protestant religion being a vindication of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury''s relation of a conference, &c., from the pretended answer by T.C. : wherein the true grounds of faith are cleared and the false discovered, the Church of England vindicated from the imputation of schism, and the most important particular controversies between us and those of the Church of Rome throughly examined / by Edward Stillingfleet ..., Labyrinthvs cantuariensis, or, Doctor Lawd''s labyrinth beeing an answer to the late Archbishop of Canterburies relation of a conference between himselfe and Mr. Fisher, etc., wherein the true grounds of the Roman Catholique religion are asserted, the principall controversies betwixt Catholiques and Protestants thoroughly examined, and the Bishops Meandrick windings throughout his whole worke layd open to publique view / by T.C., and A collection of several discourses against popery By William Wake, preacher to the honourable society of Grays-Inn..
The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:
holy ghost, roman church, true church, catholick church, jesus christ, english books, early english, iesus christ, let us, must needs, whole church, general council, books online, every one, roman non, holy scripture, tells us, christian religion, let vs, haue beene, new testament, holy scriptures, general councils, tell us, page images, text creation, creation partnership, set downe, one another, whole world, gods word, may see, man may, may bee, vnto vs, many things, christian faith, saint peter, christs body, nothing else, christian world, true faith, catholike church, christian church, one thing, saint paul, learned men, catholic church, will never, ancient fathers
And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A second discourse in vindication of the Protestant grounds of faith, against the pretence of infallibility in the Roman Church in answer to The guide in controversies by R.H., Protestancy without principles, and Reason and religion, or, The certain rule of faith by E.W. : with a particular enquiry into the miracles of the Roman Church / by Edward Stillingfleet ... Romes destruction, or, Expresse texts and necessary consequences drawn out of the word of God, for the condemning of the doctrine of the Roman church, and justifying of that of the reformed churches first written in French, by C.D.R., a French noble-man ; and now published in English, at the solicitation of divers religious men of this nation by Jam. Mountaine., and A vindication of the Animadversions on Fiat lux wherein the principles of the Roman church, as to moderation, unity and truth are examined and sundry important controversies concerning the rule of faith, papal supremacy, the mass, images, &c. discussed / by John Owen..
While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:
Keywords
Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:
church, god, christ, pope, tcp, lord, religion, scripture, king, faith, rome, authority, roman, christian, doctrine, council, churches, bishops, fathers, england, apostles, law, world, papists, english, saints, holy, protestants, man, catholick, sacrament, body, councell, father, bishop, spirit, apostle, gods, priest, princes, haue, communion, priests, popish, power, people, ghost, scriptures, saviour, reason
And now word clouds really begin to shine:
Topic Modeling
Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and A collection of several treatises concerning the reasons and occasions of the penal laws is most about that word.
If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:
- church - A rational account of the grounds of Protestant religion being a vindication of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury''s relation of a conference, &c., from the pretended answer by T.C. : wherein the true grounds of faith are cleared and the false discovered, the Church of England vindicated from the imputation of schism, and the most important particular controversies between us and those of the Church of Rome throughly examined / by Edward Stillingfleet ...
- haue - A replie to Iesuit Fishers answere to certain questions propou[n]ded by his most gratious Matie: King Iames By Francis White D: of Div· deane of Carlile, chaplaine to his Matie. Hereunto is annexed, a conference of the right: R:B: of St Dauids wth the same Iesuit*
- god - The English-American, his travail by sea and land, or, A new survey of the West-India''s containing a journall of three thousand and three hundred miles within the main land of America ... : also, a new and exact discovery of the Spanish navigation to those parts ... : with a grammar, or some few rediments of the Indian tongue called Poconchi, or Pocoman / by the true and painfull endeavours of Thomas Gage ... 1648.
If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:
- church, faith, god - An answer to several late treatises, occasioned by a book entituled A discourse concerning the idolatry practised in the Church of Rome, and the hazard of salvation in the communion of it. The first part by Edward Stillingfleet ...
- haue, god, church - Acts of the dispute and conference holden at Paris, in the moneths of Iuly and August. 1566. Betweene two doctors of Sorbon, and two ministers of the Reformed Church A most excellent tract, wherein the learned may take pleasure, and the ignorant reape knowledge. Translated out of French by Iohn Golburne, and diuided according to the daies.
- church, non, pope - A replie to Iesuit Fishers answere to certain questions propou[n]ded by his most gratious Matie: King Iames By Francis White D: of Div· deane of Carlile, chaplaine to his Matie. Hereunto is annexed, a conference of the right: R:B: of St Dauids wth the same Iesuit*
- god, christ, unto - The witch of Endor, or, The witchcrafts of the Roman Jesebel in which you have an account of the exorcisms or conjurations of the papists, as they be set forth in their agends, benedictionals, manuals, missals, journals, portasses, which they use in their churches concerning the hallowing of the water, salt, bread, candles, boughs, fire, ashes, incense, pascal lamb, eggs, herbs, milk, honey, apples, wine, cheese, butter, new baked bread, flesh, font, marrying ring, pilgrims wallet, staff, cross, sword, &c. : proposed and offered to the consideration of all sober Protestants / by Titus Otes.
- pope, king, great - The English-American, his travail by sea and land, or, A new survey of the West-India''s containing a journall of three thousand and three hundred miles within the main land of America ... : also, a new and exact discovery of the Spanish navigation to those parts ... : with a grammar, or some few rediments of the Indian tongue called Poconchi, or Pocoman / by the true and painfull endeavours of Thomas Gage ... 1648.
Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:
Noun & Verbs
Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":
man, men, things, time, faith, thing, words, reason, p., people, scripture, place, others, part, power, nothing, way, religion, word, truth, body, world, church, hath, self, life, cap, name, ad, day, fathers, doth, matter, hee, doctrine, none, end, sense, t, cause, manner, one, death, scriptures, times, nature, worship, opinion, persons, kings
An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:
is, be, was, are, have, were, had, do, did, being, say, made, make, been, said, see, know, let, take, come, called, done, according, believe, haue, give, set, put, has, bee, think, found, concerning, given, taken, hath, am, prove, find, having, thought, call, tell, came, brought, sent, written, read, hold, pray
Proper Nouns
An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.
church, god, 〉, ◊, 〈, christ, c., pope, rome, s., de, hath, bishop, lord, haue, faith, ●, king, popes, holy, bishops, council, l., lib, peter, st., england, thou, doctrine, doe, christians, est, gods, councell, authority, christian, pag, protestants, wee, saint, hee, father, roman, churches, catholick, apostles, law, paul, world, princes
An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"
it, his, he, they, their, i, them, you, we, our, him, your, my, us, her, me, himself, themselves, she, thy, its, thee, one, theirs, ours, yours, vp, mine, ye, ''s, vnto, yt, yow, itself, u, ''em, hers, whereof, s, non, †, myself, us''d, yee, herself, f, l, elias, ourselves, ●
Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.
Adjectives & Verbs
Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"
other, such, same, great, many, true, good, more, first, own, much, whole, little, holy, saith, necessary, new, second, particular, present, false, most, least, last, common, former, infallible, very, greater, certain, old, sufficient, able, better, ancient, contrary, third, like, full, non, several, roman, christian, few, best, greatest, proper, sure, haue, due
not, so, then, now, therefore, more, also, only, as, yet, most, very, thus, well, onely, much, here, out, first, there, never, up, even, ever, rather, too, indeed, all, that, is, still, together, far, before, away, in, no, else, thereof, at, down, again, otherwise, once, long, especially, vs, truly, often, secondly
Next steps
There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.
Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.
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