quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
of the hind wings131
the under side of118
of the fore wings117
on the under side114
the hind wings are106
the middle of the101
under side of the85
on the hind wings78
is one of the64
in the case of63
on the fore wings62
the fore wings are57
it feeds on the54
in july and august54
at the end of54
on the upper side54
the surface of the54
the centre of the53
at the same time52
one of the most52
the eggs are laid50
the outer margin of48
the end of the47
on the outer margin47
the caterpillar is green47
on the wing in46
side of the hind46
in may and june46
the upper surface of45
the base of the43
in june and july42
the tip of the40
its fore wings are40
the whole of the40
on the other hand40
the under side is40
natural size and enlarged40
on the upper surface39
margin of the hind38
is on the wing37
the under surface of37
the fore wings of37
the ground colour of37
may be found in36
outer margin of the36
the caterpillar feeds on35
to be found in35
the colour of the35
change to the chrysalis35
the upper side of33
of the hind wing32
changes to a chrysalis31
of the wings is31
upon the leaves of31
middle of the back31
on each side of31
the end of june30
about the middle of30
under surface of the29
the leaves of the29
upper surface of the29
in august and september29
the top of the28
surface of the wings28
ground colour of the28
of the fore wing28
the tribe of the28
until the following spring28
as far north as28
the rest of the27
similar to that of27
on the under surface27
of the under side27
the case of the27
the fact that the27
with the exception of27
the tips of the27
in the middle of26
the butterfly appears in26
side of the fore25
a large number of25
on the top of25
of each hind wing24
of the front wings24
the back and sides24
of the caterpillar is24
it seems to be24
as well as in24
on the back and23
the ground colour is23
is full grown in23
each side of the23
of the upper surface23
the back of the23
are more or less23
and may be found23
be looked for in23
during june and july23
are to be found23
of the front wing23
there is also a22
of each front wing22
towards the end of22
o o o o22
in the centre of22
row of black spots22
the butterfly is out22
tip of the fore22
in the south of22
to that of the22
of all the wings21
on each of the21
is very similar to21
like that of the21
black spots on the21
it may be found21
spots on the outer21
it is probable that21
and there is a21
it changes to a20
on the back of20
the hind wings have20
and changes to a20
of this species are20
a large proportion of20
of this species is20
the bottom of the20
the caterpillars of the20
as soon as the20
by means of a20
with a row of20
about the end of20
line on the back20
is to be found20
in the direction of20
of the wings are20
to the chrysalis state20
upper side of the20
angle of the hind20
the end of may20
it is to be19
the upper surface is19
the isle of wight19
very similar to that19
a day or two19
the wings of the19
the caterpillar of the19
the greater part of19
to be met with19
and again in august19
on account of the19
margin of the fore19
eggs are laid in19
the food plants of19
is by no means19
in addition to the19
the hind wings is19
the perfect insect is18
as shown in the18
may be seen in18
the sides of the18
line along the back18
colour of the caterpillar18
of butterflies and moths18
the body of the18
the bases of the18
the fore wings is18
down the middle of18
the size of the18
to the end of18
the theory of mimicry18
and may be seen18
is shown on plate18
it is one of18
a row of black18
the way in which18
spots on the hind18
does not seem to18
on the part of18
as well as the18
of the food plant18
seems to have been17
and a row of17
and is full grown17
it is on the17
on the leaves of17
the south of england17
the anal angle of17
of the same colour17
is figured on plate17
in the course of17
butterfly is out in17
it appears to be17
the under surface is17
seen on the wing17
on each hind wing17
may be found on17
one of the commonest17
during july and august17
near the tip of17
may be looked for17
and a series of16
are likely to be16
at the expense of16
along the back and16
from a drawing by16
the mouth of the16
of this butterfly is16
it is found in16
there seems to be16
line on each side16
line down the back16
is out in july16
the chrysalis is of16
fore wings of the16
the butterflies of the16
in such a way16
in the neighbourhood of16
near the middle of16
from flower to flower15
anal angle of the15
to a chrysalis in15
like those of the15
the under side the15
may be distinguished from15
more or less distinct15
in some of the15
in the isle of15
the wing in may15
in the same way15
surface of the ground15
is that of the15
for the most part15
likely to be found15
this is one of15
of the wings of15
the caterpillar is a15
of the early stages15
is a row of15
near the centre of15
stripe on each side15
duke of burgundy fritillary15
in the chrysalis state15
along the hind margin14
it has also been14
for the purpose of14
but one brood a14
of its food plant14
the caterpillar when full14
a few of the14
queen of spain fritillary14
one brood a year14
be found in the14
with the hind margin14
of one of the14
the members of this14
caterpillar feeds on the14
it has been found14
on the outer area14
fore wings of this14
centre of the wing14
their eggs upon the14
tips of the fore14
the spots on the14
the front of the14
in many parts of14
in all parts of14
it is of a14
it is a common14
the nature of the14
on the hind wing14
there are two broods14
parallel with the hind14
the moth flies in14
there is a black14
the margin of the14
the form of the14
near the hind margin14
a more or less14
and the hind wings13
the shape of the13
of the united states13
and its range extends13
butterfly is one of13
under side of a13
surface of the hind13
of each of the13
that of the last13
it will be observed13
butterfly appears in july13
at the base of13
the caterpillar is black13
the middle of each13
and in a few13
of the upper side13
of the same species13
at right angles to13
lines on the back13
spot on the fore13
of the ground colour13
caterpillar when full grown13
wings are of a13
at the bottom of13
chrysalis is of a13
there is but one13
caterpillar is of a13
in may or june13
near the outer margin13
to the under side13
of the under surface13
from june to august13
is likely to be13
at the foot of13
along the middle of13
when full grown is13
on the middle of13
the bark of trees13
it is a very12
not seem to be12
it has been suggested12
right angles to the12
in the new forest12
the largest of the12
eggs are laid on12
butterfly is on the12
food plants of the12
of the last species12
is a series of12
base of the wing12
the edge of the12
it is full grown12
the caterpillar is of12
the great majority of12
the hind wing is12
the arrangement of the12
the under sides of12
in the form of12
operation of natural selection12
may be distinguished by12
spots on the under12
that it is a12
the hind wings there12
a series of black12
is also found in12
this is a very12
the latter part of12
the other side of12
the skin of the12
with a number of12
the upper side is12
the wing in july12
in some parts of12
the wings of this12
that feed upon the12
wings of the male12
is found in the12
the direction of the12
in most of the12
bases of the wings11
caterpillars that feed upon11
may often be seen11
a quarter of an11
for a short time11
is the largest of11
is not at all11
it is not a11
the expense of the11
on the wing during11
the change to the11
the eggs of the11
is but one brood11
our last example of11
will have to be11
the absence of the11
in a state of11
of the first brood11
large proportion of the11
the male has a11
the roots of the11
of the commonest of11
the hind margin of11
the butterflies of this11
is said to be11
is the case with11
it must not be11
in a few minutes11
the life of the11
on all the wings11
along the borders of11
that there is no11
so that it is11
they change to chrysalids11
during august and september11
the upper part of11
it will be seen11
in april and may11
all the wings are11
from the end of11
in the month of11
as soon as he11
of the male is11
on the other side11
the caterpillar is pale11
the front wings are11
a good deal of11
on the front wing11
with a pair of11
of a number of11
various shades of brown11
the names of the11
and change to the11
is of a dull11
other parts of the11
as soon as it11
the end of july11
more or less marked11
in connection with the11
the chrysalis is pale10
for a few weeks10
the width of the10
full grown in june10
lines on the sides10
as far as possible10
egg hatches into a10
and at the same10
the stem of the10
we now come to10
that some of the10
point of view of10
other side of the10
of the nature of10
this butterfly is not10
the part of the10
it is likely to10
at the top of10
at the tip of10
until they came to10
with regard to the10
the eggs are deposited10
with a darker line10
of some of the10
during the month of10
be found on the10
be found in june10
in various parts of10
is more or less10
the markings of the10
wings of this species10
the under side are10
on the bark of10
out in july and10
middle of the wing10
it may be seen10
during may and june10
members of this family10
much like that of10
the caterpillar is dark10
under sides of the10
fore and hind wings10
of the most interesting10
the side of the10
from eggs laid in10
one of the best10
upper part of the10
the exception of the10
on the surface of10
on account of its10
by the absence of10
species of the genus10
side of a leaf10
has a number of10
from that of the10
has been suggested that10
all the members of10
not by any means10
when the caterpillar is10
surface of each hind10
inner margin of the10
early in the morning10
the male of this10
a chrysalis in a10
by the fact that10
to be able to10
are to be met10
it is clear that10
one of which is10
the point of view10
it has been taken10
as will be seen10
in such a manner10
the caterpillars of this10
after the manner of10
each front wing and10
species is widely distributed10
in regard to the9
various parts of the9
spots on the upper9
some of the most9
ready to change to9
it remains in this9
in the united states9
eggs upon the leaves9
and is common in9
an inch and a9
the course of the9
wing in may and9
which feeds on the9
the middle of june9
spots near the tip9
it must be remembered9
colour of the upper9
to change to the9
the name of the9
food plants of this9
it is common in9
on the second segment9
for the first time9
in the first place9
in the northern states9
that it is not9
from the middle of9
when about to change9
in the last species9
of the second brood9
of the body are9
lay their eggs upon9
or less marked with9
larger than the male9
you would like to9
must be remembered that9
the eggs of this9
leaves of the food9
the queen of spain9
outer margin of each9
and more or less9
in the midst of9
as shown in fig9
in the anal angle9
inch and a half9
a great deal of9
the caterpillar may be9
such a way that9
very similar to the9
the butterfly is on9
it may be mentioned9
to be looked for9
and seems to be9
so many of the9
as a rule the9
are on the wing9
caterpillar is pale green9
will be found on9
it is impossible to9
is very common in9
colour of the wings9
the caterpillar of this9
the bodies of the9
from tip to tip9
the operation of natural9
the outer margin is9
feed upon the leaves9
to the middle of9
near the anal angle9
the head of the9
a considerable number of9
area of the fore9
the appearance of the9
the middle of july9
well as in the9
it is also found9
both pairs of wings9
in the shape of9
a drawing by w9
june and july on9
body is covered with9
with the aid of9
has been found in9
on the fore wing9
pass the winter in9
it feeds on various9
last example of the9
it is necessary to9
is represented in fig9
late in the summer9
this butterfly is a9
at the time of9
from the fact that9
as enemies of butterflies9
be distinguished from the9
two or three weeks9
which it has been9
and then changes to9
all parts of the9
form of the butterfly9
on the inner margin9
when full grown it9
then changes to a9
fore wings are pale9
back of the head9
the inner margin of9
may be seen on9
the bark of the9
surface of the leaf9
as far as the9
will be observed that9
the male and female9
so that there is9
the aid of a9
the winter in the9
spots on the fore9
hind wings have a9
it may be distinguished9
for two or three9
the caterpillar is very9
during the latter part8
the eggs hatch into8
in a few days8
the chrysalis is brownish8
it seems to have8
it will be found8
to the fact that8
the end of a8
stripes on each side8
hind wings there are8
when the insect is8
of the female are8
the male is a8
every now and then8
over the whole of8
a row of orange8
it does not seem8
by a number of8
would be likely to8
of the other two8
the larva feeds on8
is widely distributed in8
nearly the whole of8
as a matter of8
is one of those8
the same way as8
the duke of burgundy8
is shown in fig8
is known as the8
black dots on the8
on the roots of8
white spots on the8
the pattern of the8
spots on each side8
they are likely to8
in may and august8
but this is not8
from time to time8
of the body is8
about an inch and8
one end of the8
the popular name of8
the caterpillar is brown8
near the base of8
to the top of8
has been taken in8
appearing in may and8
the commonest of the8
one of these is8
it is widely distributed8
the month of june8
ground colour is a8
greater part of the8
in may and early8
the a form of8
popularly known as the8
is represented on plate8
of this butterfly in8
it is said to8
colour of the male8
the first of these8
there is no doubt8
seems to be a8
the butterfly may be8
of the leaves of8
the head of a8
one side of the8
the manner in which8
the larva of the8
three forms of female8
i have not seen8
plants of this species8
the spiracles are black8
that of the female8
of england and wales8
a few of these8
common in most parts8
the outer half of8
in the entomologist for8
in the southern states8
when the wings are8
in the way of8
in a similar way8
under the name of8
be seen on the8
a little more than8
the middle of august8
as a model for8
of the large white8
stripe down the back8
a number of the8
on the lower surface8
this species is very8
border of orange spots8
that it was a8
the edges of the8
a very short time8
it is difficult to8
the fore wings have8
upon the bark of8
remain upon the wing8
the shape of a8
surface of the water8
and spotted with black8
as those of the8
they become full grown8
the contents of the8
appears in may and8
on each front wing8
the flowers of the8
insect is at rest8
each of which is8
it is not at8
a week or two8
to be seen in8
is not nearly so8
the end of april8
with those of the8
but it has been8
and those on the8
this is the case8
are laid on the8
black markings on the8
a number of small8
may and early june8
the colouring of the8
hatch into caterpillars that8
of scotland and ireland8
on the wing from8
of the food plants8
the end of august8
as that of the8
those of the last8
the lower surface of8
for a few pence8
the struggle for existence8
and some of the8
it is fond of8
when on the wing8
of the male are8
one on each side8
through the operation of8
hind margin of the8
of the butterflies of8
to suppose that the8
a portion of the8
i should like to8
from those of the8
on various species of8
in july or august8
history of this species8
in search of a8
the under surfaces of8
the chrysalis may be8
as is the case8
may be said to8
butterflies and moths are8
the pupa of the8
spot in the centre8
surfaces of the wings8
it is easy to8
band on the outer8
flies in may and8
in the struggle for8
of black spots on8
a web of silk8
side of the leaf7
it is evident that7
just behind the head7
till the following spring7
the orbicular and reniform7
hind wings are pale7
the pale clouded yellow7
a greater or lesser7
met with in the7
of the perfect insect7
row of orange spots7
the veins of the7
as in the last7
we have already observed7
spots on the back7
a great variety of7
be found on plate7
to feed upon the7
is a very local7
hatch from the egg7
at the present time7
is of a very7
of many of the7
that on the hind7
the possession of a7
if the weather is7
eggs soon hatch into7
when the insects are7
the other members of7
the structure of the7
the moth flies from7
have been brought about7
both above and below7
winter in the chrysalis7
when i was a7
so as to form7
is common in all7
during the latter month7
upon the wing for7
of the fact that7
appears in july and7
in the south and7
one or more of7
of each fore wing7
such a way as7
it is not so7
of this family is7
is of a pale7
the caterpillars feed upon7
shown in the accompanying7
through the agency of7
all parts of england7
are shown on plate7
in one of the7
the same colour on7
of a mimetic likeness7
as in the male7
the course of a7
in front of the7
the upper wing surface7
toward the end of7
common and widely distributed7
flies in june and7
along the inner margin7
eggs are laid upon7
white stripe on each7
to feed on the7
centre of the fore7
on the twigs of7
held in place by7
such shelter as they7
both fore and hind7
with a dark line7
in a great many7
fences and tree trunks7
it feeds on grasses7
the butterfly is found7
is a matter of7
is very like the7
lay their eggs on7
moth may be seen7
the side of a7
a dark line on7
parts of the country7
that it is almost7
end of the body7
skin of the caterpillar7
at a little distance7
in the following may7
on feeding experiments with7
hybernates during the winter7
one or other of7
at one end of7
on the front of7
the trunks of trees7
the male may be7
may be found during7
be met with in7
is not to be7
on the central area7
on the stems of7
there is no reason7
the lower part of7
the caterpillar is yellowish7
quarter of an inch7
one of the few7
a white line on7
of the larger moths7
on the outer margins7
caterpillar of this species7
in parts of scotland7
that it is difficult7
the insect is at7
and the isle of7
upper side of this7
be distinguished by the7
surface of front wings7
of the theory of7
wings there is a7
rest of the body7
lower surface of each7
from the point of7
in the accompanying woodcut7
as long as the7
and that of the7
in spite of the7
and the young caterpillars7
under side of both7
the various species of7
it has been stated7
is very difficult to7
and it has been7
but it is not7
orange spots on the7
the borders of woods7
a darker line along7
the female is larger7
the head is black7
shown in the figure7
there is a row7
of the black spots7
to the attacks of7
the month of may7
of this species in7
in search of food7
in the male is7
the north of england7
the species is found7
it is better to7
it hatches into a7
change to chrysalids which7
of these is the7
the formation of a7
the majority of the7
feeds on the oak7
as compared with the7
there is a series7
the females of the7
it is by no7
in other parts of7
and the fact that7
be found in abundance7
in the southern counties7
some of the more7
all over the country7
and those of the7
series of black spots7
months of the year7
by a series of7
chrysalis may be found7
darker line along the7
and there are two7
of the most beautiful7
so far as the7
than those of the7
spots on each hind7
common in all parts7
again in the spring7
to those of the7
the borders of the7
lay eggs upon the7
as far west as7
trifolium pratense and t7
end of the summer7
orbicular and reniform spots7
this family is the7
is out in june7
from the egg in7
upon the violet leaves7
small ph oe nix7
the same time the7
when not in use7
of both sexes is7
towards the tips of7
and the markings are7
the egg is laid7
it is abundant in7
as soon as possible7
or more of the7
one in a place7
soon as it is7
body of the caterpillar7
across the middle of7
one of the largest7
on the flowers of7
of the chrysalis is7
to the conclusion that7
parts of scotland and7
will be seen that7
in scotland and ireland7
stripe on the back7
is a black spot6
set to work to6
black on the upper6
to the ground and6
the exception of a6
caterpillar may be found6
and one of the6
brought about by the6
wings of this moth6
the inside of the6
in the fact that6
but it must be6
and is marked with6
the front edge of6
in the more northern6
is of a dark6
suspended by the tail6
the black spots on6
and is of a6
of an inch in6
in the development of6
when full grown they6
it is possible to6
a broad band of6
the outline of the6
and its body is6
a way as to6
shown on the plate6
three or four weeks6
is to be looked6
the large white butterfly6
the arrangement of which6
must be regarded as6
the caterpillar is dull6
spot near the middle6
the form of a6
line along the spiracles6
of both pairs of6
especially in the female6
and in the female6
the fore wings and6
distinguished from the female6
at the anal angle6
is common in most6
those of the male6
in many of the6
have been known to6
may be seen flying6
i am going to6
throughout the greater part6
this kind of work6
eggs of this butterfly6
of a leaf of6
in much the same6
the border of the6
the present species is6
the manner of a6
for a day or6
a second brood of6
many of them are6
the chrysalis in the6
on the hind margin6
and when full grown6
in the size of6
there is only one6
parts of the kingdom6
an hour or two6
spots in white rings6
for a week or6
may be met with6
in the morning they6
pass the winter as6
it would be a6
the color of the6
this part of the6
lines on each side6
history of the species6
i tell you what6
base of the fore6
parts of its range6
the chrysalis is very6
it is time to6
resembles that of the6
from ocean to ocean6
upper surface is a6
in the wild state6
there are a few6
line along the middle6
the points on the6
every part of the6
it would have been6
some of the butterflies6
side of the channel6
the number of species6
as one would expect6
the speckled wood butterfly6
the fringes are white6
silvery spots on the6
lay their eggs in6
of the upper wing6
her eggs on the6
and marked with black6
in the following spring6
full grown in april6
that of the other6
the second and third6
a drawing by mary6
that i have seen6
has been stated that6
have been taken in6
way out of the6
of the three forms6
about half an inch6
front edge of the6
of the butterfly is6
it will be necessary6
the movements of the6
in the caterpillar state6
to one of the6
the south of scotland6
the place of the6
of the butterfly in6
each egg hatches into6
upper surface of all6
it is well to6
butterfly appears in may6
but it seems to6
attached by the tail6
are of a dull6
the large garden white6
margin of both wings6
under the cover of6
moth flies in june6
where its food plant6
of the mimicry theory6
the wing for several6
and as soon as6
base of the hind6
of the discal cell6
for a long time6
black spot towards the6
it is found throughout6
and the other two6
a form of female6
i have found it6
spots on the front6
by the presence of6
tips of the wings6
its range extends to6
this butterfly is one6
be observed that the6
flies in july and6
from eggs laid by6
of the british isles6
lower part of the6
feet from the ground6
the earlier stages of6
the manner of the6
wing in july and6
and the second in6
in the larval state6
the butterfly has been6
is easy to see6
the caterpillar is brownish6
discal spot on the6
laid in a cluster6
from the female by6
the length of the6
the hind wings also6
came to the conclusion6
by a white line6
are laid in july6
on the outer half6
a black discal spot6
is very dark brown6
to be distinguished from6
in place of the6
out in june and6
are to be seen6
as the result of6
under the surface of6
of this fine butterfly6
the end of september6
as the caterpillar matures6
with a white line6
with black on the6
the pleasure of seeing6
other members of the6
the presence of the6
almost sure to be6
dark line on the6
such as those of6
of which there are6
now come to a6
and it will be6
area of the hind6
in southern new england6
on the costal margin6
side of this butterfly6
the black markings on6
the top of a6
in the perfect state6
of the back and6
is not by any6
the back of each6
the dark green fritillary6
on the front wings6
in a way to6
of caterpillar and chrysalis6
butterfly is to be6
in the air and6
in favour of the6
lines along the back6
of all our butterflies6
some idea of the6
reason to suppose that6
of the same wings6
surface of the soil6
with a piece of6
will be seen from6
the attention of the6
may be obtained by6
wing for several weeks6
a glance at the6
so closely resembles the6
of a very pale6
when it changes to6
will be necessary to6
changes to the chrysalis6
of the way in6
are two broods of6
and it has a6
is to be seen6
of the inner margin6
of the british islands6
the thorax and the6
species of the family6
may be known by6
the establishing of a6
it has been reported6
till the end of6
wings are brownish grey6
and it is not6
the species is widely6
centre of the front6
there may be a6
wings are greyish brown6
the root of the6
at once to the6
and change to chrysalids6
are among the most6
soon as possible after6
it has been observed6
its colour is a6
of the wing is6
this butterfly has been6
with that of the6
wings in the male6
the food of the6
hind wings are of6
on the basal area6
part of the body6
history of this butterfly6
to do is to6
the best way to6
found in june and6
some of them are6
on the head and6
what is the matter6
is marked with a6
the caterpillar is full6
we come to the6
belongs to the family6
there is a distinct6
of the purple emperor6
on the upper wing6
so far as i6
is fully grown in6
a little of the6
what do you think6
then change to chrysalids6
about two weeks later6
in the matter of6
central and southern europe6
appear on the wing6
of the species of6
should be looked for6
much larger than the6
it often happens that6
drop to the ground6
close to the ground6
abundant and widely distributed6
and is found in6
i have seen it6
upper and under sides6
on the end of6
the early stages are6
and this may be6
of the future butterfly6
of any of the6
the perfect insect flies6
of all the british6
the apex of the6
the relative proportions of6
some of which are6
of the southern counties6
of black spots in6
to the bottom of6
species are to be6
various members of the6
is not likely to6
the hind wings the6
much the same as6
as soon as they6
hind wings are greyish6
the upper and under6
may be found feeding6
in the male than6
the difference between the6
as far south as6
it has a number6
may be described as6
in the formation of6
black spots in white6
that it may be6
those of the other6
about a week after6
the south and south6
in a short time6
change to chrysalids in6
the butterflies appear in6
are of a pale6
upper surface of this6
drawing by mary e6
points on the body5
the marking of the5
with various shades of5
a number of moths5
pages of coloured illusts5
in a few localities5
or less suffused with5
these butterflies lay eggs5
the twigs of the5
on the coast of5
the point of the5
for in june and5
it feeds on oak5
be known by the5
the yearly history of5
that is to say5
found on the wing5
in the other two5
may be seen at5
from each of which5
the spring form of5
far north as the5
a close resemblance to5
food of the caterpillar5
of this butterfly are5
is a common moth5
when the butterflies are5
on one of the5
round the outer margin5
feeds in the autumn5
and is widely distributed5
angles to the wing5
and the under surface5
is found on the5
what do you say5
like a piece of5
and there are no5
may be found at5
a wide range of5
when full grown the5
live through the winter5
centre of the back5
appearing on the wing5
margin of the front5
among which may be5
from the bulk of5
easily known by the5
two or three years5
a state of nature5
the chrysalis is brown5
cell of the fore5
the life of a5
roof of the cabin5
it is called the5
bordered on each side5
fore wings are of5
the roof of the5
is perhaps the most5
it will be well5
soon hatches into a5
down the centre of5
the outer edge of5
a hole in a5
you are on the5
the tip of each5
a knowledge of the5
spring form of the5
is somewhat similar to5
forms of female are5
in april or may5
upon the green tissues5
the united states and5
be seen from the5
one is likely to5
part of the world5
the egg is pale5
which may be mentioned5
or they may be5
it also occurs in5
which we have already5
border on the outer5
the commonest of all5
on the hind margins5
its hind legs and5
to emerge as butterflies5
clover and lucerne fields5
commonly known as the5
tip of each fore5
food plants are the5
than a week later5
surface is of a5
that the eggs are5
is shown in the5
it is interesting to5
the weather is mild5
the female is a5
in the female the5
june and again in5
surface of the leaves5
the insects are at5
crevices of the bark5
is supposed to be5
it feeds in june5
our knowledge of the5
if you wish to5
is of a bright5
butterflies are to be5
and may often be5
about to change to5
moth is very common5
its body is covered5
the bark of a5
be regarded as the5
is of a dingy5
in ireland it is5
of the front pair5
by means of the5
middle of the inner5
side of the back5
look as if they5
they appear to be5
the three forms of5
butterfly may be found5
it is much more5
paisley method of setting5
i have read that5
which may be seen5
are found to be5
changing to the chrysalis5
will be seen on5
feeds on various species5
there is a broad5
and the eggs are5
and the body is5
into caterpillars that feed5
wings are tinged with5
way in which the5
distinct from that of5
a large part of5
as well as a5
white spots on each5
the number of broods5
has a row of5
on a piece of5
care must be taken5
remains in this condition5
margin of each front5
markings of the wings5
be regarded as a5
on board the yacht5
in search of the5
is much like that5
of the caterpillars of5
it is a strong5
the case of many5
be able to get5
outer margin of both5
darker line down the5
similar to the last5
downs of the south5
more likely to be5
appearance of this butterfly5
the change from the5
just in front of5
the moth appears in5
in most parts of5
the proportion of dominants5
is very variable in5
area of the wings5
of the species in5
two broods of the5
it is represented by5
in a cluster on5
early in the spring5
hind wings there is5
it is sometimes called5
and that it is5
as soon as she5
hatches into a small5
seem to have been5
if it does not5
must not be supposed5
so characteristic of the5
this moth is very5
the female is much5
its head quarters are5
all the wings of5
a white stripe on5
from side to side5
are said to be5
to be found on5
the leaves of trees5
is full fed in5
during april and may5
i thought you would5
the wing during june5
is confined to the5
these eggs hatch into5
the wing in june5
a good plan to5
the time of the5
border of the hind5
but it does not5
is a very pretty5
a number of these5
very variable in colour5
known to occur in5
middle of the fore5
the latter sex is5
been brought about by5
central area of the5
the members of the5
before the end of5
a strong resemblance to5
more or less suffused5
in england and wales5
their eggs on the5
white or imported cabbage5
and is said to5
caterpillar is very variable5
the hind margin is5
of the wings and5
a study of the5
is by far the5
expansion of the wings5
its resemblance to the5
appears on the wing5
a friend of mine5
spotted and striped with5
a leaf of the5
after the egg is5
little more than a5
side of the head5
outer angle of each5
with a darker tint5
dots on the back5
far north as new5
called on account of5
one of the ladies5
the head and thorax5
in the autumn on5
between the finger and5
which there is a5
in the same locality5
at the head of5
on the one hand5
the case of a5
the leaves or stems5
fore wings may be5
become full grown in5
a butterfly or moth5
caterpillar is full grown5
summer brood of butterflies5
the caterpillar to the5
from april to august5
the cocoon of the5
for one of the5
the same way that5
the fore wings also5
after a short time5
of one of these5
band beyond the middle5
will enable you to5
may be expected to5
with the result that5
the chrysalis is green5
in a few weeks5
the caterpillars feed on5
insects are at rest5
web of silk upon5
and a half long5
the egg is at5
the petals of the5
feeds on the common5
middle of the hind5
in order to make5
male of this species5
that it has been5
surface of the earth5
of a dark brown5
is only necessary to5
by its small size5
that of the male5
a week or more5
is similar to that5
margin of each wing5
let us suppose that5
brought about through the5
so called on account5
rows of black spots5
hours of the day5
in addition to these5
the interior of the5
each front wing near5
has been known to5
begins feeding upon the5
not appear to be5
in march and april5
in this condition until5
there is a good5
you are sure to5
case of papilio polytes5
of various shades of5
the month of july5
black spot in the5
the production of the5
for a few days5
of an inch thick5
the caterpillar hatches out5
had the pleasure of5
in the south it5
at least as far5
to be found at5
female of this species5
in the autumn of5
in a general way5
and as it was5
i have seen them5
figures of caterpillar and5
have the habit of5
may be able to5
contains only four british5
a week or so5
yellow spots on the5
two pairs of claspers5
so common as the5
the remainder of the5
have also been found5
end of the cell5
and one or two5
establishing of a mimetic5
ring of the body5
become acquainted with their5
each of the segments5
as if it had5
its range extends into5
m and mimetics in5
and lay their eggs5
wings are bordered with5
more or less in5
in such a case5
a butterfly at rest5
middle of each front5
both in colour and5
on the chalk downs5
the black spots are5
of the moth are5
on either side of5
upon the aster leaves5
upper side of a5
there is a small5
both surfaces of the5
butterfly figured on plate5
to the way in5
i am indebted to5
when at last the5
the fore wings may5
across the expanded wings5
the case of those5
of silver spots on5
to which it belongs5
readily distinguished by the5
end of the discal5
in some cases the5
are laid upon the5
seems to be the5
their way to the5
of this insect are5
the foot of the5
the wings in the5
towards the anal angle5
root of the wing5
this moth is not5
from the top of5
by some of the5
will be well to5
the tissues of the5
is very widely distributed5
these eggs soon hatch5
this little butterfly is5
there is generally a5
did not know that5
emerges from the chrysalis5
to a greater or5
and colour of the5
farther south there are5
members of the family5
less than a week5
quarters of an inch5
the first thing to5
of a pale green5
arranged as shown in5
but there is no5
white lines on the5
when the butterfly is5
the use of a5
of these insects are5
the caterpillars do not5
they lay their eggs5
the most beautiful of5
condition until the following5
angle of the fore5
on which they rest5
to be found upon5
the centre of each5
of the insect is5
side of both sexes5
be more or less5
that it is impossible5
to be no reason5
butterfly is figured on5
white markings on the5
they are of a5
markings on the upper5
a matter of fact5
on the south coast5
in addition to this5
may be obtained in5
that a large proportion5
is not the case5
is no doubt that5
it feeds during august5
feed upon the green5
it is not impossible5
the end of its5
a pair of horns5
if it were not5
but we must now5
parts of the body5
of a mimetic resemblance5
to be regarded as5
rays of the sun5
hind wings are smoky5
and a number of5
middle of the front5
during the winter months5
many parts of the5
expect to meet with5
the insertion of the5
in the male and5
with a white stripe5
a loop of silk5
females that have hybernated5
bands on the fore5
is due to the5
of the males are5
whole of the united5
the case of papilio5
on the first ring5
southern counties of england5
it is only necessary5
are popularly known as5
in a vertical position5
plate on the second5
markings of the under5
among the dead leaves5
the antennae of the5
to such an extent5
when its wings are5
spots of the hind5
there is a pale5
up and down the5
a few days after5
of the wings in5
and the insect is5
have no difficulty in5
stripes along the sides5
spring and early summer5
from july to september5
each of the three5
shown in the illustration5
a light silken cocoon5
we have seen that5
as the end of5
between this and the5
of the rocky mountains5
the leaves of violets5
there is at least5
at the bases of5
is probable that the5
it is fully grown5
laid by a female5
black spot on the5
but it may be5
is covered with a5
it passes the winter5
the eggs were laid5
wings of the female5
or imported cabbage butterfly5
the hind wings and5
the figures of caterpillar5
like that of a5
the pupa or chrysalis5
of the present species5
to have been taken5
upper surface is of5
beecroft see page the5
and many other low5
for it is a5
in so far as5
it is ready to5
and in this respect5
is common in many5
with a dark brown5
different from that of5
of the lobster moth5
the central area of5
the first brood appearing5
which are more or5
by no means a5
life history of the5
in the vicinity of5
the end of this5
that it can be5
in may and again5
be seen in the5
fore wings are ochreous5
the capture of a5
edge of the wing5
one or two of5
the chrysalis state in5
from may to september5
or two of the5
and the other in5
so far as is5
the first pair of5
such a manner that5
the cover of a5
on the theory of5
the early part of5
and is covered with5
in the habit of5
and various fruit trees5
and is fully grown5
flies during june and5
the meadow brown butterfly5
and it is probable5
with more or less5
be searched for in5
to china and japan5
for the loan of5
there are also two5
a very common moth5
a dark brown colour5
full grown in may5
its small size and5
both of which are5
had it not been5
on which it is5
front wing near the5
egg is at first5
will be able to5
how is it that5
throughout england and wales5
of which is a5
not be supposed that5
the caterpillar and the5
that of the caterpillar5
the wings are closed5
in the same localities5
to the conditions of5
may and again in5
shape of the wings5
when fully grown it5
and in the latter5
in september and october5
they are in the5
up to the light5
moth flies in july5
they went into the5
of the leaf and5
the figure of the5
similar to those of5
lower surface of the5
as to form a5
known by its small5
one of the first5
it is not likely5
it flies in may5
of the costal margin5
to distinguish between the5
most of the species5
by females that have5
laid on the leaves5
before the caterpillar hatches5
this butterfly is very5
along the margin of5
you are likely to5
to be on the5
eggs laid by a5
may be readily distinguished5
bark of a tree5
a series of white5
ground colour of this5
of which there is5
are much larger than4
among the roots of4
claws of its hind4
takes place in the4
towards the base of4
chrysalis in a light4
that it is only4
the most beautiful and4
may be found from4
in this species is4
black on the back4
a darker line down4
colour of the hind4
it is very difficult4
in the following manner4
what is known as4
of the next species4
it is absolutely necessary4
for it in the4
coming from the chrysalis4
are by no means4
in the spring it4
with a narrow black4
is on the under4
to the hind wings4
butterfly seems to be4
this seems to be4
the wing in the4
that it would be4
was known as the4
about an inch long4
on the body are4
be found at the4
in about a week4
in structure and habits4
of the caterpillar and4
in this way is4
from the last species4
attain the perfect state4
angles of the hind4
in an upright position4
of the new form4
all the wings have4
edged with black on4
eggs are laid singly4
plants of the caterpillar4
been taken on the4
and the under side4
and is full fed4
the males are pectinated4
that of the monarch4
of total of total4
egg is of a4
one of each sex4
in which the butterfly4
of the field people4
other of our native4
it not been for4
its range extends through4
and other plants of4
will do well to4
hybernates through the winter4
may be dug out4
in spring and early4
wing during june and4
all stages of the4
that they do not4
regarded as a mimic4
is found in a4
middle of the under4
a black spot on4
the margins of the4
with which they are4
south there are probably4
male and female of4
woods of the southern4
under side is a4
wing from june to4
during the long ages4
of their food plant4
the presence of a4
there are two other4
are you going to4
the caterpillar feeds in4
wings are yellowish brown4
as they can find4
it is a good4
it would seem that4
some parts of the4
eighth of an inch4
be beaten from the4
notched on the crown4
the front wings and4
on the basal half4
this is by far4
the chrysalis of the4
is to make a4
hibernates as an adult4
with a yellow line4
with the setting needle4
did you ever see4
would like to have4
a few localities in4
surface of hind wings4
laid in july on4
chrysalis is of the4
are long and slender4
and it is only4
common in the south4
is a good example4
colour of the fore4
is the fact that4
part of the plant4
bears a striking resemblance4
there can be no4
with four eggs in4
it used to be4
of two or more4
may and june on4
chrysalis is short and4
it is supposed that4
and the presence of4
may be made to4
they then change to4
with a greenish tinge4
specimens of this species4
the same size as4
belonging to the genus4
found in most of4
will serve to show4
the effect of a4
now come to the4
between them and the4
and dick and jimmy4
the first of which4
is the only one4
by means of which4
a way that the4
leaves of the common4
there is yet another4
the figures of the4
greater part of europe4
is a very common4
with all your might4
and if they are4
be found feeding on4
the under side there4
found in july and4
ring behind the head4
up to the mark4
than an inch long4
to have been brought4
species belong to the4
leaves or stems of4
in this part of4
feeds throughout the winter4
those of the female4
but there are no4
series of seven beyond4
and you will see4
tip of the wing4
rows of silver spots4
this species in the4
parts of the british4
remarkable resemblance to the4
number of the caterpillars4
natural selection in the4
is one of our4
the case with so4
it feeds in may4
along the centre of4
best plan is to4
of the rest of4
is much the same4
the egg is of4
middle of the costa4
across the fore wings4
on the inner side4
to be of a4
the habits of the4
it is out in4
difference between the two4
the chalk downs of4
a week after the4
between it and the4
to suppose that they4
do you like butter4
it is significant that4
it is full fed4
scales on the basal4
appears to have been4
in this species the4
as if they had4
quite out of the4
laid upon the leaves4
inner angle of the4
the female may be4
seen by reference to4
spot near the anal4
on the wings are4
from which it has4
the winter in some4
blotch at the tip4
the male and the4
in which there is4
a bit of butter4
would seem to be4
and there is also4
on the setting board4
while those of the4
butterfly is out from4
that it is often4
the markings are black4
account of the life4
is found throughout the4
is said to feed4
this is essentially a4
of the vapourer moth4
the parts of the4
in the following june4
the beautiful china mark4
of the dark green4
of a series of4
a remarkable resemblance to4
to a silken carpet4
asia to china and4
serves as a model4
fore wings are brown4
the female is usually4
to do with the4
out of their hiding4
over the surface of4
the front end of4
the hooked claws of4
of the summer brood4
form from which it4
as one of the4
by no means so4
the whole surface is4
the white or imported4
to find that the4
from day to day4
take the place of4
is common in the4
the front wing is4
the caterpillar feeds during4
of the former are4
localities in the south4
turned out to be4
is very abundant in4
belongs to the same4
seems to be no4
to be found only4
that of the small4
absence of the black4
the advantage of being4
of which are the4
they were in a4
the rain had ceased4
from which it sprang4
been met with in4
the gradual accumulation of4
shown on plate i4
the whole of europe4
where it has been4
it has a very4
general colour of the4
of a pair of4
the fore wings there4
in almost every part4
full fed in june4
wings are fully expanded4
of the female is4
appears to be a4
and many of the4
male and the other4
on some of the4
the more southern states4
flies during july and4
male has a black4
have been able to4
in spite of their4
europe and northern asia4
the moth flies during4
that many of the4
at the extremities of4
change to the pupa4
a little later the4
it is generally distributed4
of trees and shrubs4
first brood appearing in4
of the body and4
changes to a pupa4
of the upper wings4
and various low plants4
are of the same4
as the case may4
of one or two4
for a few seconds4
nearly so common as4
in certain localities in4
of the clouded yellow4
and a yellow line4
as many of the4
they are full grown4
short time on the4
it to be the4
large number of the4
on which he had4
general resemblance to the4
they change to the4
to see that the4
the front margin of4
the top of this4
was at one time4
found in the same4
of in relation to4
the total number of4
some of these are4
arrangement of which may4
too much of the4
and a silken loop4
with a light line4
found in north america4
in a way that4
the caterpillar is light4
and during the latter4
one of the smallest4
feeds on various grasses4
the chief work of4
the agency of natural4
its food plant and4
of the following may4
on the roof of4
the waters of the4
those in search of4
parts of england and4
is clothed with short4
have arisen through the4
at one time it4
the only one that4
it is in the4
it was a very4
dots on the outer4
of the species that4
of the most striking4
only a few of4
of the same family4
the two species are4
this moth may be4
variation in this species4
surface of the body4
the fore wings has4
both sexes is similar4
be on the wing4
seems to have a4
wings there are two4
a similar way the4
be readily distinguished by4
marked with black and4
after the third moult4
much the same way4
the outer area of4
on the tip of4
it may often be4
centre of the hind4
margin of each hind4
of the different forms4
orange band on the4
on the shores of4
frank and jimmy were4
are referable to var4
stroke of the net4
surface of both pairs4
one of the rarest4
during his first season4
the common name of4
seem to be the4
of its range there4
a specimen of this4
and some of them4
it is advisable to4
outer margins of the4
feeds on the blackthorn4
it is represented in4
he found that the4
none the worse for4
under surface of hind4
be seen flying in4
of the species is4
almost every part of4
the laying of the4
of the second segment4
appear to be the4
centre of each wing4
spot on the front4
widely distributed in england4
the case may be4
butterflies on the wing4
it may be well4
fore wing of the4
over practically the whole4
hooked claws of its4
either scotland or ireland4
a striking resemblance to4
on each side by4
as well as with4
there is a very4
often happens that the4
the middle of april4
broods of this butterfly4
it flies in july4
week or so later4
not nearly so common4
in the discal cell4
of view of mimicry4
is sometimes called the4
see that you have4
they are fully grown4
common objects of the4
there is a darker4
at the back of4
the imitators are always4
it is able to4
the southern part of4
the butterfly figured on4
back of each segment4
i will show you4
it is the only4
what are you going4
while its wings expand4
looked upon as the4
the outer margins of4
there are at least4
different from those of4
other species of the4
edge of a leaf4
is distinguished by the4
in the side of4
in the more southern4
larger than her mate4
stripes on the sides4
egg soon hatches into4
having a row of4
that there is a4
much reduced in size4
eggs singly upon the4
the heart and dart4
a little later they4
is a good deal4
only four british species4
that of the next4
some of the scales4
northern asia to amurland4
that of any of4
the second brood of4
by no means an4
of these butterflies have4
to the great order4
outer area of the4
after the fashion of4
deposit their eggs upon4
the eyes of the4
i have seen the4
in the evolution of4
along the back of4
the sense of smell4
eggs laid by the4
surface of all wings4
that betsy butterfly was4
are to be obtained4
which it was born4
so far as it4
many parts of england4
found feeding on the4
most likely to be4
the green tissues of4
middle of the costal4
same way that the4
a few weeks before4
a piece of the4
about a week later4
change to a chrysalis4
if you intend to4
of our common butterflies4
butterfly is found in4
broods in the year4
in this way you4
whole of the summer4
and the northern states4
the egg to the4
in the number of4
butterfly is common in4
burrow into the soil4
orange spots near the4
is easily recognized by4
falls to the ground4
close general resemblance to4
to the nature of4
rose in the air4
and has been recorded4
that it is more4
widely distributed throughout england4
it was a large4
that the imitators are4
in a specimen was4
the wings have a4
the fact that a4
there is such a4
is not of much4
is very common and4
the foot of a4
male than in the4
group to which it4
is remarkable for the4
the cause of it4
from place to place4
a row of small4
life of a fern4
and august are the4
a hump on the4
together with silken threads4
the divisions between the4
the perfect insects have4
of black dots on4
the appearance of this4
of orange spots on4
they remain upon the4
models for oriental butterflies4
those of the large4
one end of it4
the under side has4
it feeds in the4
it were not for4
the chrysalis is described4
appears to be the4
the great purple hair4
have been found in4
be seen that the4
of the perfect butterfly4
on the twelfth segment4
side of the leaves4
the most abundant of4
plant of the caterpillar4
is further distinguished by4
is of a beautiful4
it is not difficult4
the small tortoiseshell butterfly4
at a distance of4
it has been recorded4
the larva may be4
the fore wing of4
about half a dozen4
would like to know4
outer half of the4
a foot or two4
clearwing of the poplar4
two broods of this4
we now arrive at4
four eggs in it4
of such a size4
many of the species4
the two species of4
the butterfly is likely4
woods of the south4
let us have a4
is represented by the4
broods of the butterfly4
is the commonest of4
at the beginning of4
must be taken not4
the butterfly is common4
as on the upper4
it is more abundant4
of the southern and4
to change to chrysalids4
in terms of natural4
the early stages of4
expanse inch or less4
districts of the south4