Distant Reader - subject-atheism-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 23 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,075,746 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 46,771 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, one, things, world, also, will, first, nothing, nature, thing, yet, men, may, made, therefore, must, self, us, matter, gods, man, without, now, though, body, reason, shall, deity, many, whole, good, much, make, mind, power, soul, another, great, life, every, according, true, cause, well, might, divine, neither, say, doth, sense

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The true intellectual system of the universe. The first part wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted and its impossibility demonstrated / by R. Cudworth., The folly of atheism demonstrated to the capacity of the most unlearned reader by Clement Elis ..., and A confutation of atheisme by Iohn Doue Doctor of Diuinitie. The contents are to be seene in the page following.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

must needs, whole world, supreme god, one supreme, supreme deity, nothing else, one another, every thing, roman non, one god, tells us, let us, plastick nature, incorporeal substance, every one, sensless matter, holy ghost, like manner, early english, english books, one thing, corporeal world, divine hypostases, next place, many gods, absolutely perfect, god almighty, humane souls, books online, local motion, first principle, three hypostases, two things, much less, several parts, several names, first cause, take notice, mundane soul, really nothing, without beginning, saviour christ, infinite power, divine providence, inferiour gods, really distinct, thing else, many things, real entity, another place

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The atheist ansvvered, and his errour confuted. By George Elliot, author of Gods warning-piece to London. Each spire of grass, and every silly flie, bias us take heed how we a God deny; this whole creation with a sweet conseat, proclaim a being that''s omnipotent. A vindication of the Holy Scriptures. Or the manifestation of Jesus Christ the true Messiah already come. Being the Christians antidote against the poysons of Judaisme and atheisme of this present age. Proved out of sacred scripture, ancient historians, and Jewish Rabbins. / By that learned, and late eminent divine, John Harrison., and A confutation of atheism from the origin and frame of the world. Part II a sermon preached at St. Martin''s in the Fields, November the 7th, 1692 : being the seventh of the lecture founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle ... / by Richard Bentley ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, tcp, world, man, nature, reason, sun, religion, power, men, earth, deity, spirit, matter, idea, atheist, truth, sense, scripture, lord, father, existence, church, christian, christ, body, wisdom, substance, soul, son, notion, king, atheism, trinity, thing, system, stars, saviour, providence, prophet, planets, opinion, necessity, motion, mind, life, law, knowledge, infinite, government

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A refutation of the objections against moral good and evil in a sermon preach''d at the Cathedral-Church of St. Paul, October the third, 1698 : being the seventh of the lecture for that year, founded by the Honourable Robert Boyle, Esq. / by John Harris. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

things, nothing, thing, men, self, man, reason, body, nature, world, mind, manner, time, way, t, page, gods, others, p., deity, cause, place, part, atheists, hath, being, one, words, something, power, kind, doth, life, sense, religion, knowledge, death, parts, none, name, beginning, truth, order, whence, times, opinion, word, bodies, sence, selves

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, being, made, been, had, do, did, make, according, say, called, concerning, said, see, think, let, come, take, needs, supposed, having, hath, know, give, wherefore, believe, suppose, done, does, seems, taken, find, has, deny, conclude, call, produced, given, conceive, understood, prove, thought, set, understand, seem

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

◊, 〉, 〈, god, world, matter, nature, gods, c., soul, divine, deity, supreme, power, motion, earth, hath, substance, plato, life, pagans, body, men, infinite, aristotle, idea, thou, atheism, bodies, father, notion, sun, man, sense, de, l., christ, principle, lord, trinity, first, doctrine, being, humane, atheist, church, existence, heaven, incorporeal, souls

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, he, his, we, them, their, i, him, our, us, himself, its, themselves, you, my, me, her, your, thy, she, theirs, thee, one, ours, mine, ye, itself, ourselves, whereof, ib, non, yours, diversa, ''s, ●, yourself, whosoever, vp, tollit, severall, ian, herself, dives, amaz''d, yonger, whether, vvith, vs, us''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, such, same, many, own, first, whole, great, true, good, more, certain, much, several, very, most, necessary, least, impossible, present, able, perfect, eternal, distinct, little, last, non, different, second, -, plain, former, only, infinite, possible, ancient, real, like, saith, free, best, roman, evident, common, greater, better, particular, greatest, wise, general

not, so, also, then, therefore, only, now, thus, as, more, very, yet, most, here, all, well, first, indeed, else, never, at, up, together, again, much, ever, plainly, that, is, even, too, really, thereof, there, before, out, possibly, onely, whatsoever, otherwise, rather, sometimes, likewise, consequently, far, no, down, once, always, further

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.