subject-antiCatholicism-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 75 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 815,580 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 10,874 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 86. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

church, god, will, may, one, christ, us, rome, first, yet, shall, now, great, faith, men, pope, power, made, must, text, man, king, many, true, make, therefore, without, things, religion, much, say, good, time, tcp, also, worship, english, reason, see, scripture, england, doctrine, law, every, though, lord, world, people, know, thing

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A preservative against popery. [Parts 1-2.] being some plain directions to unlearned Protestants, how to dispute with Romish priests, the first part / by Will. Sherlock ..., Schisme garded and beaten back upon the right owners shewing that our great controversy about Papall power is not a quaestion of faith but of interest and profit, not with the Church of Rome, but with the Court of Rome : wherein the true controversy doth consist, who were the first innovators, when and where these Papall innovations first began in England : with the opposition that was made against them / by John Bramhall., and The glory of the true church, discovered, as it was in its purity in the primitive time also, a manifestation how and when the apostacy came, and how long it hath continued in the Church of Rome, proved to be in it, because she differs in doctrin & practice from the Church of Christ in the Apostles dayes : published for this end, that people may be informed, and their understandings opened to discern of the times and seasons, and see the difference between the lambs wife and the mother of harlots / by one who desires that all may come to the knowledge of the truth and be saved, and walk in the light of the Lord, Francis Howgill..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

english books, early english, books online, text creation, creation partnership, catholick church, page images, true church, sayeth hee, roman church, tcp schema, represented either, image sets, characters represented, will never, every one, generall councell, holy ghost, christian religion, let us, without asking, xml conversion, bit group, batch review, image set, images scanned, financial support, commercial purposes, institutions providing, markup reviewed, asking permission, encoded text, proquest page, creative commons, encoded edition, pfs batch, providing financial, tiff page, online text, text transcribed, work described, iv tiff, tcp assigned, one another, primitive church, every man, hundred years, tells us, now take, gap elements

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A true relation of the Popish-plot against King Charles I and the Protestant religion. A proclamation for seising the horses and arms of Papists, and persons above the degree of commons, not qualified according to the Act of Parliament., and An order of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, assembled at Westminster, in the House of Lords, December 22. 1688..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, church, god, religion, lord, pope, king, christ, scripture, majesty, law, faith, doctrine, rome, popish, spirit, roman, priests, gospel, early, council, authority, apostles, tei, prince, english, england, worship, world, tradition, saints, peter, majesties, government, fathers, councell, catholick, bishop, act, text, scriptures, saviour, protestants, pride, power, plot, people, papists, order, nation

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be church, and Predictions of the overthrow of popery, and the landing of the Prince of Orange in the west written by George Wither Esquire, in the year 1660 ; and some proposals for perpetual Parliament written by the same author in 1652. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. church - Schisme garded and beaten back upon the right owners shewing that our great controversy about Papall power is not a quaestion of faith but of interest and profit, not with the Church of Rome, but with the Court of Rome : wherein the true controversy doth consist, who were the first innovators, when and where these Papall innovations first began in England : with the opposition that was made against them / by John Bramhall.
2. text - Plots, conspiracies and attempts of domestick and forraigne enemies, of the Romish religion against the princes and kingdomes of England, Scotland and Ireland : beginning with the reformation of religion under Qu. Elizabeth, unto this present yeare, 1642 / briefly collected by G.B.C. ; whereunto is added, the present rebellion in Ireland, the civell practises in France against the Protestants, the murthers of Henry the 3d. and Henry the 4th, by the popish French faction.
3. god - An ansvver to a popish pamphlet called the touch-stone of the reformed gospell. made speciallie out of themselves. By William Guild, D.D. and preacher of Gods word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. church, pope, power - Schisme garded and beaten back upon the right owners shewing that our great controversy about Papall power is not a quaestion of faith but of interest and profit, not with the Church of Rome, but with the Court of Rome : wherein the true controversy doth consist, who were the first innovators, when and where these Papall innovations first began in England : with the opposition that was made against them / by John Bramhall.
2. church, god, christ - The glory of the true church, discovered, as it was in its purity in the primitive time also, a manifestation how and when the apostacy came, and how long it hath continued in the Church of Rome, proved to be in it, because she differs in doctrin & practice from the Church of Christ in the Apostles dayes : published for this end, that people may be informed, and their understandings opened to discern of the times and seasons, and see the difference between the lambs wife and the mother of harlots / by one who desires that all may come to the knowledge of the truth and be saved, and walk in the light of the Lord, Francis Howgill.
3. god, text, tcp - Whereas we the lord lieutenant and Council according to His Majesties pleasure, and commands signified unto us by the lords of His Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council of England, by their letters bearing date the twenty sixth day of September last ... by the Lord Lieutenant and Council, Essex.
4. king, religion, text - Plots, conspiracies and attempts of domestick and forraigne enemies, of the Romish religion against the princes and kingdomes of England, Scotland and Ireland : beginning with the reformation of religion under Qu. Elizabeth, unto this present yeare, 1642 / briefly collected by G.B.C. ; whereunto is added, the present rebellion in Ireland, the civell practises in France against the Protestants, the murthers of Henry the 3d. and Henry the 4th, by the popish French faction.
5. sayeth, hee, church - The noveltie of poperie discovered and chieflie proven by Romanists out of themselves / by William Guild ...

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

men, things, man, power, time, text, thing, reason, people, faith, place, words, scripture, way, religion, others, part, nothing, day, images, self, hath, kings, truth, church, word, texts, worship, image, p., works, books, fathers, life, work, characters, none, years, death, scriptures, world, blood, name, mind, cap, order, doth, end, times, t

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, have, were, had, did, do, been, made, make, being, said, say, see, know, let, believe, take, give, has, given, come, according, called, done, set, prove, think, encoded, put, sent, found, brought, received, find, concerning, am, hath, taken, having, read, worship, came, call, does, written, tell, go

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

church, god, christ, rome, pope, king, c., tcp, england, lord, bishop, law, doctrine, hath, faith, de, english, peter, council, popes, authority, world, catholick, gospel, sayeth, religion, ●, christians, papists, text, holy, bishops, 〉, apostles, st., spirit, ◊, thou, popish, l., roman, heaven, princes, 〈, protestants, christian, councell, hee, court, wee

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, he, his, their, i, them, we, you, our, him, us, your, my, her, himself, themselves, me, she, thy, its, thee, one, theirs, ours, ''em, mine, ye, yours, itself, l, ''s, ourselves, myself, yourself, yee, vnto, s, whereof, vp, non, em, vvhat, u, trye, relatiō, hers, gods, ●, †

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, other, great, many, true, same, own, first, good, more, much, whole, new, infallible, early, second, english, old, particular, necessary, false, contrary, little, greater, last, present, most, private, certain, holy, least, sure, general, late, available, better, former, third, popish, very, ancient, visible, several, next, due, best, sufficient, able, common, free

not, so, then, now, therefore, as, also, more, only, up, never, yet, most, very, out, well, much, first, ever, thus, here, onely, even, too, in, there, indeed, far, down, all, away, again, still, rather, over, together, once, long, thereof, before, no, that, is, sometimes, at, forth, likewise, on, just, online

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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