quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram frequency
in the united states500
severe acute respiratory syndrome415
safety and immunogenicity of237
for the development of220
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus201
in the case of190
in the development of174
the development of a165
middle east respiratory syndrome147
in the absence of146
one of the most141
as well as the141
has been shown to138
as a result of130
and cellular immune responses129
on the other hand125
is one of the125
in the context of121
in the presence of113
the immune response to112
humoral and cellular immune111
the development of vaccines110
and immunogenicity of a110
modified vaccinia virus ankara108
the world health organization107
cd and cd t107
on the surface of107
to the development of105
of the immune system105
of the immune response104
have been shown to102
hepatitis b surface antigen100
at the same time98
centers for disease control96
at the time of93
was found to be92
it is important to90
been shown to be87
of severe acute respiratory87
can be used to87
east respiratory syndrome coronavirus86
for disease control and86
disease control and prevention85
a single dose of80
on the basis of79
cd t cell responses78
for the prevention of78
in vitro and in73
for the treatment of72
for the production of72
an important role in71
safety and efficacy of71
vitro and in vivo69
food and drug administration69
human immunodeficiency virus type68
h n and h67
n and h n67
of influenza a virus65
in addition to the65
h n influenza virus65
and cd t cells65
advisory committee on immunization64
the end of the64
committee on immunization practices64
immunogenicity and safety of63
in the form of63
the development of new63
to display the preprint61
at the site of61
a license to display61
granted medrxiv a license61
has granted medrxiv a61
who has granted medrxiv61
a wide range of61
license to display the61
display the preprint in61
is the author funder61
medrxiv a license to61
studies have shown that60
development of a vaccine60
in the united kingdom60
and humoral immune responses60
influenza a h n60
copyright holder for this59
the copyright holder for59
phase i clinical trial59
a protective immune response58
porcine reproductive and respiratory57
reproductive and respiratory syndrome57
u r n a56
r n a l56
j o u r56
vaccines have been developed56
development of vaccines against56
o u r n56
p r o o55
cellular and humoral immune55
n a l p55
at the injection site55
were found to be55
a l p r55
l p r e55
r o o f55
the united states and54
the advisory committee on54
in balb c mice54
in the production of53
both humoral and cellular53
haemophilus influenzae type b52
innate and adaptive immune52
at the end of52
the surface of the51
the innate immune system51
immune response to the51
influenza a and b50
the safety and immunogenicity50
a wide variety of49
of respiratory syncytial virus49
have been used to48
this version posted october48
and immunogenicity of an48
and cd t cell47
and respiratory syndrome virus47
specific cd t cells47
for the induction of47
parts of the world47
have the potential to47
h n influenza viruses47
the use of a47
the efficacy of the46
on the use of46
in a mouse model46
is likely to be46
is based on the46
efficacy and safety of46
in the field of45
vaccine in healthy adults45
of the vaccine construct45
allergy and infectious diseases45
of the advisory committee45
the immunogenicity of the45
the development of the45
of allergy and infectious44
as a vaccine vector44
national institutes of health43
be used as a43
the nature of the43
in the respiratory tract43
and the development of42
play an important role42
it has been shown42
has been used to42
of a dna vaccine42
immunization of mice with42
foot and mouth disease42
a large number of42
the centers for disease42
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus41
prevention and control of41
the upper respiratory tract41
h n avian influenza41
infants and young children41
h n influenza vaccine41
it is likely that40
for the delivery of40
as part of the40
has the potential to40
to the use of40
as well as in40
health and human services40
the development of an40
of health and human40
in the treatment of40
highly pathogenic avian influenza40
rift valley fever virus40
recommendations of the advisory40
play a role in39
systematic review and meta39
immunogenicity and protective efficacy39
of morbidity and mortality39
immune responses induced by39
can be used as39
and immunogenicity of the38
national institute of allergy38
and the use of38
of the s protein38
institute of allergy and38
in a number of38
the safety and efficacy38
of cd t cells38
with the development of38
with the use of38
it is possible to38
the central nervous system38
the beginning of the38
preprint this version posted37
a phase i clinical37
an increase in the37
in the number of37
a systematic review and37
the preprint in perpetuity37
a review of the37
this preprint this version37
for this preprint this37
a universal influenza vaccine37
have been used for37
to be safe and37
in a phase i37
humoral and cellular immunity37
to develop a vaccine37
holder for this preprint37
can be used for36
the severe acute respiratory36
no conflict of interest36
was shown to be36
in the control of36
it is clear that36
department of health and36
are likely to be36
is protected by copyright36
to the immune system36
this article is protected36
article is protected by36
in a variety of35
for the first time35
with severe acute respiratory35
mucosal and systemic immune35
can be used in35
not certified by peer35
the development of effective35
a major cause of35
as well as a35
which was not certified35
live attenuated influenza vaccine35
in response to the35
vaccine based on the35
certified by peer review35
and safety of a35
was not certified by35
development of new vaccines35
is made available under34
of the h n34
of the influenza virus34
that can be used34
available under a is34
a is the author34
under a is the34
a safe and effective34
made available under a34
of human immunodeficiency virus34
of the innate immune34
the use of the34
immune responses in the34
it is made available34
the ability of the34
mechanism of action of34
t cell responses in34
in the face of33
of immune responses to33
license it is made33
it is possible that33
by the use of33
a strong immune response33
cd t cells in33
have been used in33
approved for use in33
efficacy of the vaccine33
the immune system to33
respiratory syncytial virus infection33
have been used as33
it has been suggested33
international license it is33
are more likely to33
the hepatitis b virus32
the introduction of the32
of a vaccine against32
for use in the32
immunogenicity of a recombinant32
has been associated with32
and systemic immune responses32
and adaptive immune responses32
acute respiratory distress syndrome32
the efficacy of a32
have been associated with32
t cell responses to32
have the ability to32
has been shown that32
protective immunity in mice32
a result of the31
in the early s31
vaccines against infectious diseases31
can be found in31
has been suggested that31
in the near future31
immune responses in mice31
morbidity and mortality in31
at a dose of31
in the present study30
a broad range of30
as one of the30
of the vaccine in30
cellular immune responses in30
cd t cell response30
to be associated with30
and protective efficacy of30
prevention and treatment of30
children younger than years30
the quality of the30
for the expression of30
the authors declare no30
coalition for epidemic preparedness30
the national institute of30
of the safety and29
in the prevention of29
against respiratory syncytial virus29
the need for a29
the immune system and29
highly pathogenic h n29
both cellular and humoral29
to weeks of age29
licensed for use in29
levels of neutralizing antibodies29
for the use of29
there is a need29
the protective efficacy of29
the mucosal immune system29
venezuelan equine encephalitis virus29
respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike29
of h n influenza29
have been made to29
recombinant newcastle disease virus29
and t cell responses29
it was found that29
with the exception of28
of hepatitis b surface28
adverse events associated with28
under the control of28
it should be noted28
on the development of28
the mechanism of action28
peripheral blood mononuclear cells28
progress has been made28
at weeks of age28
is considered to be28
the expression of the28
the development of novel28
with respect to the28
can also be used28
the magnitude of the28
through the use of28
a high level of28
as compared to the28
a better understanding of28
will need to be28
of hepatitis b virus28
there is an urgent28
it is estimated that28
b and t cell28
a randomized controlled trial28
a number of studies28
been shown to induce27
is an urgent need27
the rational design of27
at the beginning of27
the role of the27
to be able to27
this is the first27
influenza vaccine in the27
the humoral immune response27
immune response in mice27
in the developing world27
immune response against the27
similar to that of27
the h n pandemic27
it was shown that27
it is difficult to27
of the virus and27
could be used to27
for the detection of27
to ensure that the27
have been tested in26
it has been reported26
to years of age26
safe and immunogenic in26
of the most important26
to the presence of26
the host immune system26
the h n influenza26
as well as to26
have been developed to26
to the site of26
immunogenicity and efficacy of26
has been reported that26
that need to be26
the s protein of26
one of the major26
to be effective in26
and the risk of26
specific cd and cd26
under years of age26
with a single dose26
short period of time26
the innate immune response26
the spread of the26
in the human population25
has been used for25
has yet to be25
the safety of the25
the presence of maternal25
reduce the risk of25
infectious diseases of the25
of age or older25
and respiratory syncytial virus25
a vaccine based on25
than years of age25
the authors declare that25
s protein of sars25
in the uk and25
as a means of25
induction of protective immunity25
by the world health25
the use of vaccines25
important role in the25
and efficacy of a25
a member of the25
to the fact that25
the daily risk of25
the absence of a25
the fact that the25
the host immune response25
the results of the25
the lower respiratory tract25
an increased risk of25
should be noted that24
the induction of a24
of a vaccine for24
have been found to24
is the most common24
in infants and young24
the site of injection24
bovine viral diarrhea virus24
no reuse allowed without24
protective immune responses against24
in the late s24
cholera toxin b subunit24
over the past decade24
for use in humans24
the case of the24
recent advances in the24
classical swine fever virus24
the united states in24
plays an important role24
used as a vaccine24
the adaptive immune response24
vaccine research and development24
the context of the24
to be the most24
the causative agent of24
of the virus in24
to be used as24
is thought to be24
a major role in24
reuse allowed without permission24
influenza a virus infection24
for respiratory syncytial virus24
a recombinant adenovirus type24
there is no evidence24
a public health emergency24
and mucosal immune responses24
phase i clinical trials24
by the immune system24
human respiratory syncytial virus23
the current recommendation is23
spread of the virus23
humoral and cellular responses23
in the event of23
years of age and23
of middle east respiratory23
at high risk of23
in the use of23
will be needed to23
with the aid of23
to be used in23
for the control of23
of a new vaccine23
shown to be effective23
tested in clinical trials23
immune response in the23
are summarized in table23
presence or absence of23
a significant increase in23
the most widely used23
in dogs and cats23
b surface antigen in23
pathogenic avian influenza virus23
a high degree of23
over years of age23
as shown in fig23
from person to person23
of the vaccine was23
has not yet been23
vaccine based on a23
and protective immunity in23
should be able to23
can be achieved by23
pandemic h n influenza23
the middle east respiratory23
phase i ii clinical23
for the generation of23
this this version posted22
in a murine model22
years old or older22
heat and rnase treated22
a key role in22
the heat and rnase22
in the copyright holder22
has led to the22
of a recombinant adenovirus22
the s and s22
vaccine safety and immunogenicity22
would like to thank22
by the end of22
the use of adjuvants22
led to the development22
of the efficacy of22
in the design of22
holder for this this22
the activation of the22
immune correlates of protection22
the vast majority of22
innate and adaptive immunity22
in an effort to22
despite the fact that22
and h n influenza22
in the pathogenesis of22
or in combination with22
the global burden of22
for the presence of22
enhance the immune response22
h n influenza a22
have been developed and22
may be due to22
with the help of22
to participate in a22
enhance the immunogenicity of22
the national institutes of22
have not yet been22
in the s and22
of newcastle disease virus22
recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus22
immune responses to a22
cellular and humoral responses22
it is necessary to22
for this this version22
preprint in the copyright22
the presence or absence22
of influenza a viruses22
the preprint in the22
both cd and cd22
us food and drug22
the structure of the21
are shown in table21
the h n virus21
to cd t cells21
more likely to be21
development of vaccines for21
in contrast to the21
for epidemic preparedness innovations21
presence of maternal antibodies21
as part of a21
the immune response against21
respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine21
systemic and mucosal immune21
cellular immune responses to21
a dna vaccine encoding21
research and development of21
it has also been21
for the identification of21
as well as other21
outbreak in west africa21
that they have no21
the respiratory tract of21
of a vaccine is21
of the united states21
cd t cells and21
the size of the21
declare no conflict of21
protective immune response in21
dna vaccines have been21
in mice immunized with21
have been reported in21
have been reported to21
virus as a vaccine21
mechanisms of action of21
response to the vaccine21
a short period of21
safe and effective vaccines21
with the potential to21
influenza virus infection in21
authors declare no conflict21
is due to the21
the emergence of new21
the most commonly used21
the presence of the21
the length of the20
the spike protein of20
the immune response of20
disease prevention and control20
the rest of the20
of a novel coronavirus20
t and b cells20
at the university of20
be due to the20
feline infectious peritonitis virus20
could be used as20
adjuvanted h n vaccine20
an overview of the20
by the presence of20
has been made in20
hepatitis a and b20
a phase clinical trial20
also been shown to20
during the course of20
for the evaluation of20
the importance of the20
was approved by the20
the vaccine and the20
cellular and humoral immunity20
type of immune response20
children under years of20
and weeks of age20
in many parts of20
of the hepatitis b20
immunogenicity of an inactivated20
infectious bursal disease virus20
as is the case20
is associated with the20
and mouth disease virus20
global vaccine action plan20
in infants and children20
of cd and cd20
has also been shown20
were more likely to20
t cells in the20
the dog and cat20
the majority of the20
delivery of dna vaccines20
as a source of20
immune response induced by20
alone or in combination20
the emergence of a20
may need to be20
induction of immune responses20
the immune system of20
all over the world20
in the induction of20
and the role of20
and years of age20
immune responses to vaccines20
in adolescents and adults20
respiratory syncytial virus disease20
of the disease and20
of live attenuated vaccines19
has been reported to19
better understanding of the19
hepatitis b virus core19
it is essential to19
herpes simplex virus type19
it has been demonstrated19
a vaccine against the19
authors declare that they19
with modified vaccinia virus19
is a need to19
to the lack of19
development of a universal19
vaccine safety and efficacy19
spike protein of sars19
at months of age19
it was observed that19
of the vaccine and19
in the nasal cavity19
of the viral genome19
diseases of the dog19
and the united states19
a new generation of19
the american academy of19
to provide protection against19
spread of the disease19
and the lack of19
major histocompatibility complex class19
in the upper respiratory19
h n influenza pandemic19
and efficacy of the19
one of the main19
for the prediction of19
of the dog and19
the control of the19
a critical role in19
the coalition for epidemic19
the immune epitope database19
the antibody response to19
vaccines that have been19
there is also a19
of the spike protein19
to the surface of19
one of the first19
the use of live19
the potential to be19
to the induction of19
the leading cause of19
the genome of the19
after the introduction of19
as shown in figure19
of the virus to19
development of a new19
patients with severe acute19
n avian influenza virus19
live attenuated influenza vaccines19
phase i trial of18
protection against challenge with18
the adjuvant effect of18
recombinant modified vaccinia virus18
in the course of18
adjuvants and delivery systems18
of an inactivated vaccine18
is the use of18
it is known that18
effectiveness of the vaccine18
as a public health18
protective efficacy of a18
the innate and adaptive18
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease18
in human clinical trials18
of ebola virus disease18
are considered to be18
is based on a18
after a single dose18
use of the vaccine18
in the incidence of18
the first year of18
with the aim of18
inactivated influenza vaccine in18
been used as a18
been found to be18
vaccines for use in18
by the fact that18
to the identification of18
specific t cell responses18
immune responses in humans18
to the emergence of18
the development of more18
declare that they have18
of influenza a and18
high levels of neutralizing18
for more than years18
have been developed for18
in children younger than18
h n influenza in18
memory cd t cells18
are included in the18
immunogenicity of the vaccine18
for the prevention and18
has led to a18
for a variety of18
prevention of infectious diseases18
safe and effective vaccine18
vaccine has been shown18
of the disease in18
number of studies have18
can be applied to18
phase iii clinical trial18
the ability to induce18
the number of cases18
that there is no18
weeks of age and18
in accordance with the18
the vaccine construct was18
of action of adjuvants18
for vaccine development and18
vaccine development has been18
will have to be18
the duration of the18
respiratory syncytial virus vaccine18
with a dna vaccine18
fraction of people using18
the stability of the18
that the vaccine is18
the introduction of a18
and characterization of a18
due to the lack18
a second dose of18
of the vaccine virus18
for a long time18
of influenza vaccine in18
as soon as possible18
the vaccine to be18
specific cd t cell18
the immune response in18
vaccine for the prevention17
has also been used17
the receptor binding domain17
at the level of17
it is thought that17
was observed in the17
as a vaccine adjuvant17
humoral immune response to17
the us food and17
a dna vaccine induces17
is no evidence that17
protective immune response against17
by a variety of17
be used for the17
a recombinant newcastle disease17
immune response that is17
of the antigen and17
response to influenza vaccination17
antibodies directed against the17
when compared to the17
produced in insect cells17
there has been a17
is estimated to be17
neutralization and protective immunity17
adverse event reporting system17
current recommendation is to17
the rabies virus glycoprotein17
in the past years17
the impact of the17
a reduction in the17
for severe acute respiratory17
a live attenuated vaccine17
for the design of17
the effectiveness of the17
induces sars coronavirus neutralization17
is important to note17
important to note that17
our understanding of the17
against homologous and heterologous17
efficacy and effectiveness of17
have been evaluated in17
in children and adults17
immune response to vaccination17
on the immune response17
against hepatitis b virus17
against severe acute respiratory17
the characteristics of the17
has been demonstrated that17
a novel coronavirus from17
phase iii clinical trials17
approved by the fda17
a phase i ii17
be included in the17
the food and drug17
coronavirus neutralization and protective17
of a variety of17
of high levels of17
of safe and effective17
the presence of a17
the us department of17
national vaccine advisory committee17
a vaccine vector for17
of neutralizing antibodies and17
the use of this17
this type of vaccine17
of the respiratory tract17
of a universal influenza17
in the presence or17
vaccine against hepatitis b17
dna vaccine induces sars17
is related to the17
protection against influenza virus17
the basis of the17
the use of viral17
sars coronavirus neutralization and17
a phase i trial17
an understanding of the17
the results showed that17
has been found to17
to evaluate the safety17
an immune response that17
vaccine induces sars coronavirus17
a h n virus17
the treatment of influenza17
safe and well tolerated17
and the presence of17
the immune system in17
the pandemic h n16
that there is a16
a phase i study16
studies have demonstrated that16
the response to the16
a variety of infectious16
a crucial role in16
in combination with a16
the use of an16
of the live attenuated16
to assess the safety16
of the host immune16
of cd t cell16
has been observed in16
bill melinda gates foundation16
for a number of16
evaluation of the safety16
to the production of16
of yellow fever virus16
of protective immunity against16
and the potential for16
in the gastrointestinal tract16
to induce protective immunity16
has been attributed to16
adults in the united16
transmission of the virus16
have also been used16
the vaccine should be16
of west nile virus16
human immunodefi ciency virus16
in patients with severe16
the draining lymph nodes16
is safe and immunogenic16
many parts of the16
aged years or older16
the basis for the16
and safety of the16
review of the literature16
the absence of any16
newcastle disease virus expressing16
expressed on the surface16
is responsible for the16
on the cell surface16
mucosal and systemic immunity16
the mhc class i16
of feline infectious peritonitis16
an increasing number of16
it is expected that16
be attributed to the16
a limited number of16
phase ii clinical trial16
first year of life16
is caused by the16
regions of the world16
be found in the16
american academy of pediatrics16
of the antibody response16
the immune responses to16
both innate and adaptive16
against influenza a virus16
of neutralizing antibodies in16
in healthy adults aged16
h n pandemic influenza16
over a period of16
included in the vaccine16
cause of morbidity and16
aged years and older16
of the use of16
used in combination with16
the european medicines agency16
with regard to the16
of the mmr vaccine16
the human immune system16
vaccines have also been16
in the elderly and16
have shown that the16
the risk of disease16
trial safety and immunogenicity16
spring viremia of carp16
and the ability to16
is believed to be16
the lack of a16
the design of a16
the injection site and16
areas of the world16
the number of doses16
in children under years16
in the formation of16
play a key role16
the site of infection16
in a study by16
a broad spectrum of16
development of an effective16
against influenza virus infection16
vaccines based on the16
it is hoped that16
and the number of16
licensed in the united16
a systematic review of16
an urgent need for16
to that of the16
associated with the use16
the prevention and treatment16
an urgent need to16
of the adaptive immune16
the case of sars16
syndrome coronavirus spike protein16
a role in the16
in this age group15
were used for the15
as a function of15
the vaccine has been15
specific humoral and cellular15
vaccine adverse event reporting15
of the effectiveness of15
to enhance the immunogenicity15
contact with the infected15
regard to jurisdictional claims15
and a number of15
will depend on the15
the clinical development of15
of antibody responses to15
to influenza vaccination in15
in comparison to the15
vaccination in the elderly15
of rift valley fever15
can be produced in15
both systemic and mucosal15
the event of a15
than weeks of age15
against a lethal challenge15
published maps and institutional15
a significant role in15
a phase iii trial15
associated with the development15
the production of a15
increase the risk of15
remains neutral with regard15
of immune responses by15
has been used in15
to evaluate the efficacy15
cellular immune responses against15
the delivery of dna15
and protective efficacy in15
at room temperature for15
been used for the15
of a foreign gene15
the protein of interest15
for their ability to15
ministry of health of15
on the role of15
the route of administration15
the antigenicity of the15
the efficacy of influenza15
in order to develop15
syncytial virus infection in15
may be used to15
by the addition of15
seasonal and pandemic influenza15
into the host cell15
induces protective immunity against15
safety and immunogenicity study15
even in the presence15
claims in published maps15
against a variety of15
is caused by a15
t cell and b15
phase i and ii15
of dna vaccines is15
the potential to cause15
the uk and us15
and b cell epitopes15
and the need for15
jurisdictional claims in published15
years of age or15
has been demonstrated in15
in combination with other15
has also been reported15
pan american health organization15
of immune responses in15
is a major cause15
the identification of the15
neutral with regard to15
avian influenza a virus15
vaccines against h n15
to jurisdictional claims in15
the immune response and15
at high risk for15
t cell responses and15
in the general population15
to be included in15
protective immunity against influenza15
maps and institutional affiliations15
prediction of protective antigens15
immune response to influenza15
springer nature remains neutral15
republic of the congo15
serum institute of india15
the creative commons attribution15
over the past years15
as a delivery system15
can be divided into15
and immunogenicity study of15
are one of the15
in the short term15
in response to a15
the adaptive immune system15
the generation of a15
the efficacy of this15
nature remains neutral with15
from patients with pneumonia15
of the creative commons15
of adaptive immune responses15
of patients infected with15
with regard to jurisdictional15
a vaccine to prevent15
shown to be safe15
between the vaccine and15
cytotoxic t cell responses15
these results suggest that15
of health of the15
cellular immune responses and15
against h n influenza15
democratic republic of the15
the immunogenicity of dna15
in the usa and15
of dogs and cats15
of vaccines and vaccination15
development and evaluation of15
the fd c act15
of mice with a15
vaccines to protect against15
newcastle disease virus vaccine15
in published maps and15
first licensed dengue vaccine15
spring viraemia of carp15
is associated with a15
to be a major15
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in the process of15
induce the production of15
in the lungs of14
respiratory tract disease in14
of the development of14
distributed under the terms14
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has the ability to14
the immune response induced14
as an adjuvant in14
tertiary structure of the14
isolation and characterization of14
of herpes simplex virus14
the respiratory syncytial virus14
shown to be a14
elicit an immune response14
european centre for disease14
the severity of the14
is dependent on the14
the research and development14
the risks associated with14
cell and b cell14
were collected from the14
the ministry of health14
the start of the14
of the th century14
immune responses against the14
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influenza a virus vaccine14
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influenza a virus in14
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the first licensed dengue14
of dengue virus infection14
a dna vaccine for14
to induce a strong14
of the central nervous14
bovine respiratory syncytial virus14
can be prevented by14
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the efficacy and safety14
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to enhance the immune14
avian h n influenza14
as a model for14
of an immune response14
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the next generation of14
licensed for human use14
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of the vaccine with14
neutralizing antibodies in mice14
of the designed vaccine14
induction of neutralizing antibodies14
increases the risk of14
been shown to reduce14
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the vaccine adverse event14
studies are needed to14
these findings suggest that14
in the identification of14
would need to be14
protective immune responses to14
the success of the14
systemic and mucosal immunity14
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efforts have been made14
immune system of the14
used as an adjuvant14
induction of a protective14
in north america and14
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induce protective immunity in14
antibody response to the14
daily risk of infection14
adverse events following immunization14
us centers for disease14
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from animals to humans14
is the case for14
the formation of a14
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a and b viruses14
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of a protective immune14
in an attempt to14
was associated with a14
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research is needed to14
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development of an inactivated14
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case fatality rate of14
than that of the14
a randomised controlled trial14
to reduce the risk14
to the ace receptor14
over the last years14
influenza vaccination in the14
adaptive immune responses to14
are in clinical trials14
q fraction of people14
after the onset of14
strain of vaccinia virus14
for disease prevention and14
is known to be14
in a clinical trial14
diphtheria and tetanus toxoids14
for the study of14
vaccines have been used14
in a phase iii14
attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine14
an immune response against14
vaccines have been shown14
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a randomized clinical trial14
are known to be14
and the induction of14
inactivated and live attenuated14
histocompatibility complex class i14
in relation to the14
in the majority of14
is more likely to14
identification and characterization of14
in mice and ferrets14
a significant impact on14
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with the infected living14
an increased risk for14
should not be used14
the world health assembly14
developed and developing countries14
the department of health14
the efficacy of vaccines14
to induce a protective14
it is well known14
article distributed under the14
a number of vaccines14
based vaccines have been14
to be vaccinated against14
a lethal dose of14
in animal models and14
a dna vaccine against13
increase in the number13
disease is caused by13
this work was supported13
and shown to be13
in the control group13
of the st century13
in spite of the13
the identification of a13
induce an immune response13
has been demonstrated to13
viraemia of carp virus13
in the ipv du13
b cell and t13
upper and lower respiratory13
of the disease is13
may or may not13
phase ii clinical trials13
to influenza a virus13
united states department of13
of porcine reproductive and13
brsv and bpi v13
reducing the risk of13
in the northern hemisphere13
countries in the region13
of a number of13
of neutralizing antibody responses13
develop a vaccine against13
the t cell response13
the total number of13
a server for prediction13
for which there is13
live attenuated vaccines are13
cell and t cell13
and can be used13
in vivo and in13
of a future covid13
influenza h n virus13
expressing the s protein13
for use as a13
of the placebo group13
administration of the vaccine13
of porcine epidemic diarrhea13
be taken into consideration13
in the area of13
strong humoral and cellular13
at increased risk for13
and clinical development of13
the time of vaccination13
such as dendritic cells13
immunopathology on challenge with13
of the effect of13
vaccines for infectious diseases13
major cause of morbidity13
the eradication of smallpox13
was found to have13
protective immunity against lethal13
vivo and in vitro13
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on the nature of13
in a way that13
in vaccine development and13
against h n and13
as an oral vaccine13
an h n virus13
by binding to the13
b virus surface antigen13
in the fight against13
as a consequence of13
encoding the s protein13
of the vaccine to13
it has been proposed13
on the type of13
of protective immune responses13
a robust immune response13
can be engineered to13
preventable diseases in the13
clinical trial of a13
development of effective vaccines13
diseases in the united13
hepatitis b vaccine in13
and approved the final13
willingness to be vaccinated13
north america and europe13
the immune system is13
have been successfully used13
the vaccination guidelines group13
respiratory syncytial virus in13
these data suggest that13
the case of a13
the sequence of the13
hepatitis b virus surface13
progress in the development13
immunization practices advisory committee13
an immune response in13
the cost of the13
for prediction of protective13
due to the high13
coronavirus from patients with13
construction and characterization of13
and it has been13
valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine13
of modified vaccinia virus13
centre for disease prevention13
of the most common13
of a candidate vaccine13
and the immune response13
the structural proteins of13
the human immunodeficiency virus13
between and years of13
to be due to13
a significant reduction in13
reactogenicity and immunogenicity of13
of this approach is13
than months of age13
respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection13
to suppress the pandemic13
is the development of13
mrna vaccine against sars13
into the host genome13
as a vaccine candidate13
per cent of respondents13
to the h n13
in healthy adults in13
syndrome induced by adjuvants13
the early stages of13
of inactivated influenza vaccine13
subtypes of influenza a13
of a safe and13
server for prediction of13
or absence of r13
improve the efficacy of13
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as vaccine delivery systems13
protection against a lethal13
has been identified as13
the physicochemical properties of13
the potential impact of13
the mechanisms by which13
for hepatitis b virus13
and evaluation of a13
in such a way13
this approach has been13
clinical signs of disease13
will be necessary to13
the risk of infection13
in the response to13
american association of feline13
to respiratory syncytial virus13
induce high levels of13
t cell responses against13
in their ability to13
was used as a13
that the use of13
were shown to be13
a consequence of the13
complete genome sequence of13
with a focus on13
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of the immunogenicity of13
antigens and subunit vaccines13
united states of america13
the form of a13
novel coronavirus from patients13
bovine parainfluenza virus type13
need to be considered13
human parainfluenza virus type13
immunity to the vaccine13
the establishment of a13
the tertiary structure of13
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the rapid development of13
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the availability of a13
the ultimate goal of13
of influenza virus infection13
and the level of13
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was detected in the13
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of an h n13
in all age groups13
in a recent study13
for the management of13
studies have been conducted13
of the virus into13
it is also important13
in the st century13
to the activation of13
it remains to be13
is the fact that13
of an effective vaccine13
of japanese encephalitis virus13
with pneumonia in china12
to the host cell12
vaccination of mice with12
vaccine has not been12
similar to those of12
safety and immunogenicity in12
vaccine virus selection process12
of the immunization practices12
respiratory syncytial virus and12
accelerate the development of12
macrophages and dendritic cells12
live attenuated or inactivated12
vaccines as well as12
which is based on12
in a cohort of12
found to be associated12
in order to be12
the development of mucosal12
neutralizing antibodies against the12
the antigen of interest12
of the risk of12
a leading cause of12
a cd t cell12
months of age and12
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to improve the immunogenicity12
an effective vaccine against12
the number of deaths12
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use of reverse genetics12
the secondary structure of12
vaccine in older adults12
it may be that12
may be necessary to12
the potential use of12
is also important to12
antibody response in mice12
mhc class ii molecules12
to an increase in12
preliminary report of a12
immunization with modified vaccinia12
the production of antibodies12
in patients with covid12
high morbidity and mortality12
improve the immunogenicity of12
with a variety of12
trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine12
vaccine was licensed in12
on the acceptability of12
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may be required to12
single dose of the12
immune responses elicited by12
use in the united12
of influenza vaccination in12
it is unlikely that12
pandemic influenza a h12
is mediated by the12
patients with pneumonia in12
to enhance immune responses12
there are more than12
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was used for the12
a single immunization with12
influenza vaccine in healthy12
the global vaccine action12
and h n viruses12
no conflicts of interest12
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a specific immune response12
association of feline practitioners12
safety and effectiveness of12
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the seasonal influenza vaccine12
in the long term12
used to determine the12
viremia of carp virus12
need to be addressed12
in clinical trials and12
structure of the vaccine12
is a highly contagious12
and in some cases12
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of human papillomavirus type12
risk of severe disease12
the immunization practices advisory12
purified inactivated sars vaccine12
the mechanisms of action12
and is associated with12
and reducing contact with12
in a study of12
of this review is12
and months of age12
of innate and adaptive12
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to be involved in12
have been observed in12
the risk of the12
and control of influenza12
the s protein is12
the extent to which12
a vaccine clinical trial12
for the next pandemic12
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database and analysis resource12
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the gene of interest12
development of a sars12
of the novel coronavirus12
the mode of action12
was also observed in12
the level of the12
recommendations of the immunization12
lead to the development12
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cd t cells are12
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note springer nature remains12
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response to the antigen12
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igg and igg a12
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plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein12
immune response of the12
ebola outbreak in west12
current status and future12
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of the viral envelope12
clinical development of a12
vaccine in the elderly12
and have been used12
risks and benefits of12
disease in the united12
the current status of12
against canine visceral leishmaniasis12
to better understand the12
modified live virus vaccine12
in humans and animals12
by a number of12
there has been an12
been made in the12
expression of a foreign12
also been used to12
and t cell epitopes12
the context of a12
by respiratory syncytial virus12
of mhc class i12
i ii clinical trial12
humoral immune responses in12
identification of a novel12
of age and older12
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immune responses and protection12
the induction of immune12
risk factors associated with12
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and a variety of12
tolerability and immunogenicity of12
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people aged years and12
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as the use of12
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the time of first12
in the small intestine12
ha of h n12
there are a number12
t cell immune responses12
was estimated to be12
for emerging infectious diseases12
until the end of12
the effect of the12
have been tested for12
rest of the world12
play a significant role12
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the study of the12
a vaccine that is12
rational design of vaccines12
local and systemic reactions12
is the most effective12
the major histocompatibility complex12
the united states of12
the immune system has12
an incubation period of12
t and b cell12
use of live attenuated12
of the same vaccine12
in light of the12
provide an overview of12
to overcome the limitations12
development and use of12
are referred to as12
as well as for12
chitosan and its derivatives12
of reversion to virulence12
prevent the spread of12
immune response to a12
vaccines have been tested12
it may be necessary12
vaccination in the united12
on the immunogenicity of12
by antigen presenting cells12
is to use a12
of universal influenza vaccines12
tested in a phase12
of balb c mice12
to improve the efficacy12
of the host cell12
are a number of12
the safety profile of12
respiratory syndrome coronavirus in12
a h n influenza12
the choice of the12
can be recognized by12
have also been reported12
are involved in the12
cytokines such as il12
being tested in clinical12
and the production of12
an important cause of12
are based on the12
immunogenicity of dna vaccines12
lower than that of12
of cellular and humoral12
to their ability to12
to the absence of12
may contribute to the12
influenza a virus vaccines12
the immunogenicity and safety12
surface antigen in transgenic12
a humoral immune response11
can be attributed to11
strategies in puppies and11
may not be the11
their ability to induce11
the group that received11
in the us and11
for some of the11
a major public health11
some of the most11
hundreds of thousands of11
will be important to11
is similar to that11
a decrease in the11
due to the fact11
when it comes to11
of a live attenuated11
a phase ii study11
the past two decades11
the identification of new11
the level of immunity11
vaccines are able to11
the current state of11
a case fatality rate11
need to be overcome11
for h n influenza11
against west nile virus11
the only way to11
may be able to11
and lower respiratory tract11
the present study was11
have been detected in11
in the developed world11
of the foreign gene11
authors would like to11
the cd t cell11
the two vaccine groups11
a small number of11
the influenza a virus11
of the new vaccine11
this vaccine has been11
a wide array of11
evaluated in clinical trials11
n influenza a virus11
a number of different11
in phase i clinical11
in animals and humans11
a delivery system for11
an adequate immune response11
morbidity and mortality weekly11
in the european union11
to respond to the11
of hepatitis b vaccine11
are the most common11
vaccine was shown to11
views on the acceptability11
of the world health11
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have focused on the11
see chapter e vaccine11
the hepatitis b vaccine11
remains to be seen11
induction of mucosal immunity11
safe and effective in11
induce a protective immune11
correlates of protection for11
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delivery of plasmid dna11
activation of the immune11
with a history of11
could be attributed to11
form of the disease11
protective levels of antibody11
for the protection of11
advisory group of experts11
between and weeks of11
of the impact of11
adults aged years or11
and humoral immune response11
with the risk of11
the cellular immune response11
the prevention of influenza11
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of humoral and cellular11
the baculovirus expression system11
to a variety of11
in this article are11
also found to be11
countries such as the11
of vaccines against infectious11
of h n viruses11
in embryonated chicken eggs11
cell responses induced by11
proportion of the population11
this version posted may11
direct contact with infected11
of cellular immune responses11
is not included in11
in the same way11
and cellular immune response11
potential conflict of interest11
mode of action of11
these vaccines have been11
at a time when11
dna vaccine encoding the11
and treatment of influenza11
it is anticipated that11
as a single dose11
of the m protein11
of the humoral immune11
have been approved for11
immunization against hepatitis b11
adults years of age11
we are grateful to11
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the adjuvant activity of11
the national vaccine advisory11
an example of a11
one of the greatest11
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grand average of hydropathicity11
the public health service11
for use in cats11
igg antibodies in serum11
responses as well as11
response to the virus11
gene transfer into mouse11
of the sars coronavirus11
by cd t cells11
to a lesser extent11
tumour antigens and subunit11
vaccination strategies in puppies11
an mrna vaccine against11
immune responses to dna11
for which vaccines are11
of the role of11
and colleagues at the11
of h n vaccine11
the production of viral11
more than of the11
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severity of the disease11
the safety of vaccines11
state of the art11
the degree to which11
vaccine for prevention of11
human and veterinary vaccines11
disease caused by the11
used to predict the11
dna vaccines can be11
like particle vaccine in11
of total soluble protein11
doses of the vaccine11
a small fraction of11
and the fact that11
the vp capsid protein11
was the first to11
the acceptability of a11
the time of writing11
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implications for vaccine design11
and severe acute respiratory11
section of the phs11
a study of the11
in the following sections11
adaptive immunity to the11
a phase iii clinical11
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immunodefi ciency virus type11
the disease caused by11
t cell response to11
pandemic influenza vaccine in11
get vaccinated against covid11
inactivated severe acute respiratory11
immune system and the11
is currently being tested11
white spot syndrome virus11
will be required to11
for each of the11
threats to global health11
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mice and guinea pigs11
in the last decade11
a h n vaccine11
as a potential vaccine11
the development of live11
and the availability of11
in combination with the11
of vaccination is to11
and a z score11
in a phase ii11
of mucosal and systemic11
it has been estimated11
efficacy of a vaccine11
reducing contact with the11
with the advent of11
mice and nonhuman primates11
efficacy of dna vaccines11
of th and th11
have proven to be11
to be an effective11
of canine distemper virus11
the first line of11
cytotoxic t cell response11
is important to understand11
most likely to be11
evaluate the safety and11
have been developed that11
vaccines are administered to11
the expression level of11
to be tested in11
and systemic antibody responses11
neutralizing antibody responses in11
eliciting an immune response11
is similar to the11
by the innate immune11
on the day of11
of the safety of11
with live or inactivated11
the united states department11
morbidity and mortality from11
cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses11
acceptability of a future11
was also found to11
immunity to the antigen11
with the ability to11
disease virus as a11
are currently being tested11
infectious diseases in the11
more than half of11
of vaccines and the11
alliance for vaccines and11
of the russian federation11
protective immune responses in11
in the current study11
and has been used11
the h n subtype11
reduced the incidence of11
against rift valley fever11
in puppies and kittens11
and mortality weekly report11
may be associated with11
the vaccine in the11
induce a strong immune11
drug and gene delivery11
well as in the11
the acute phase of11
a number of vaccine11
innate immune response to11
referred to as the11
from the h n11
to develop vaccines against11
which can be used11
vaccines are being developed11
of the infectious agent11
this review is to11
children and young adults11
pathogenic h n avian11
to be highly effective11
of the lack of11
in the placebo group11
to cause disease in11
work was supported by11
challenge with live virus11
are at high risk11
an acceptable safety profile11
a z score of11
infected from vaccinated animals11
expression of hepatitis b11
in a vaccine clinical11
reduce the incidence of11
to play a role11
during the h n11
of one or more11
development of safe and11
of a vaccine in11
into the genome of11
the prevention of infectious11
to influenza virus infection11
the course of the11
of safety and immunogenicity11
and tetanus toxoids and11
may play a role11
was found that the11
by serial passage in11
has resulted in a11
the use of plant11
in the blood and11
has been proposed that11
vaccine has been developed11
have been made in11
vaccines in the united11
with respiratory syncytial virus11
mucosal immune responses in11
of the chadox ncov11
transfer into mouse muscle10
reduce the burden of10
vaccine protects mice against10
pneumonia in rhesus macaques10
been used in the10
are more susceptible to10
vaccine should be administered10
curl new delhi virus10
infection as well as10
it is critical to10
development and testing of10
for the development and10
of avian influenza a10
immunogenicity of a dna10
of inactivated poliovirus vaccine10
to get vaccinated against10
a comparison of the10
there is currently no10
treatment of influenza in10
under a creative commons10
been approved for use10
activation of the innate10
as shown in table10
java codon adaptation tool10
give appropriate credit to10
in an animal model10
humoral immune responses to10
burden of infectious diseases10
a result of these10
after the second dose10
the development of improved10
the potential role of10
hepatitis b core antigen10
the vaccine with the10
use of this vaccine10
medical and public health10
homologous and heterologous h10
emerging and neglected diseases10
tomato leaf curl new10
class i and ii10
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the global alliance for10
the scope of this10
followed by boosting with10
the amino acid sequence10
in a manner that10
a part of the10
small animal veterinary association10
and acellular pertussis vaccine10
and tumor necrosis factor10
there may be a10
as a vaccine for10
approved the final manuscript10
viral vectors have been10
in the sera of10
humoral immune responses against10
of porcine circovirus type10
the risk of vaccine10
patients infected with novel10
common mucosal immune system10
strategic advisory group of10
protection against lethal challenge10
influenza vaccine virus selection10
credit to the original10
in the search for10
antibody and t cell10
that could be used10
weeks after the second10
the thymidine kinase gene10
likely to reject a10
to the creative commons10
syndrome is associated with10
been attributed to the10
immune responses that are10
if a vaccine is10
on the induction of10
cells and t cells10
into mouse muscle in10
of nucleic acid vaccines10
influenza vaccine in adults10
a phase iii study10
a number of other10
the risk of adverse10
on the one hand10
and has been shown10
the difference between the10
induced by the vaccine10
lower respiratory tract infection10
data needed to support10
on taxonomy of viruses10
to the development and10
mhc class i molecules10
mmr vaccine and autism10
and the impact of10
upper respiratory tract infections10
have no competing interests10
this strategy has been10
arms of the immune10
protective efficacy of the10
correlates of protection are10
that a single dose10
the democratic republic of10
as a vaccine against10
there is no vaccine10
can be detected in10
international committee on taxonomy10
immune responses to the10
would be required to10
to confer protection against10
has been tested in10
use of viral vectors10
in a timely manner10
play a crucial role10
of a single dose10
assess the safety and10
structure and function of10
californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus10
direct gene transfer into10
infected with novel coronavirus10
there is some evidence10
cd t cell epitopes10
in the lower respiratory10
of a universal vaccine10
a link to the10
influenza virus h n10
leaf curl new delhi10
a swine h n10
development of more effective10
the next influenza pandemic10
and is expected to10
it is not known10
at the expense of10
transmission of zika virus10
time of first vaccination10
the fraction of people10
the origin of the10
a west nile virus10
have also been shown10
may be used in10
single dose of a10
to the original author10
to develop an effective10
of adverse events following10
before the onset of10
mice immunized with a10
influenza and respiratory syncytial10
not appear to be10
of infectious diseases and10
vaccine was developed by10
an example is the10
has been used as10
to take the vaccine10
immune response against a10
the west african ebola10
significant increase in the10
plasmid dna encoding the10
pandemic h n virus10
the us centers for10
the etiologic agent of10
such as the use10
public health problem in10
remains to be determined10
have been demonstrated to10
from the injection site10
the vaccines for children10
of t cell responses10
are taken up by10
overcome the limitations of10
genome sequence of the10
will continue to be10
infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus10
the american association of10
for use in children10
with the potential for10
the combined vector vaccine10
immunity to the vector10
been used to develop10
hundreds of millions of10
provide a link to10
been shown to have10
for safety and efficacy10
need for a vaccine10
it may be possible10
the second dose of10
clinical features of patients10
identification of potential vaccine10
of pattern recognition receptors10
mouse muscle in vivo10
was based on the10
associated with a new10
and indicate if changes10
and risk factors for10
indicate if changes were10
in addition to these10
report of a phase10
the vaccine is safe10
a good safety profile10
the vaccine safety datalink10
mice were immunized with10
of influenza vaccination of10
vaccines for infectious disease10
and emerging infectious diseases10
in clinical trials for10
the highest level of10
of the emergence of10
on the safety of10
provided complete protection against10
was used to predict10
in silico prediction of10
the ability of a10
of antigen and adjuvant10
to the onset of10
a variety of other10
development of a novel10
efforts to develop a10
the evaluation of the10
and reproduction in any10
in the vaccine and10
in the immune response10
of type i ifn10
doses of influenza vaccine10
cell responses to the10
as a possible cause10
to the vaccine antigen10
in the range of10
of the severe acute10
is the risk of10
candidates in clinical trials10
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the presence of antibodies10
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