bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
health care	451
breast milk	391
infection control	341
respiratory syndrome	282
acute respiratory	256
airborne transmission	252
infectious diseases	230
severe acute	229
infectious agents	189
infectious disease	182
public health	171
hand hygiene	157
healthcare workers	151
united states	137
human transmission	132
staphylococcus aureus	127
disease transmission	127
transmission rate	118
control measures	117
risk factors	117
intensive care	116
care workers	115
care settings	113
syndrome coronavirus	108
respiratory tract	106
coronavirus disease	101
standard precautions	99
viral load	94
novel coronavirus	93
care facilities	92
index case	91
aerosol transmission	90
disease control	87
care unit	86
virus transmission	86
resistant staphylococcus	86
direct contact	86
influenza virus	83
infection prevention	80
transmission dynamics	78
world health	76
household transmission	76
protective equipment	74
personal protective	73
transmission routes	72
health organization	71
infectious agent	70
virus infection	68
west nile	67
respiratory viruses	66
systematic review	65
viral rna	65
pathogen transmission	65
symptom onset	64
behavioral guidelines	64
hong kong	64
patient care	63
control practices	62
transmission via	62
social distancing	62
contact precautions	61
expressed breast	61
human milk	60
middle east	60
relative humidity	59
infection risk	59
east respiratory	58
nile virus	58
clinical signs	56
incubation period	55
generating procedures	55
term care	55
cord uid	54
doc id	54
may also	54
vertical transmission	53
yellow fever	53
ebola virus	53
immunodeficiency virus	53
natural ventilation	53
nosocomial transmission	52
droplet nuclei	52
surgical masks	51
body fluids	51
direct transmission	50
droplet transmission	50
based precautions	50
infectious period	50
human immunodeficiency	50
transmission mitigation	50
care facility	49
mitigation behavioral	49
healthcare settings	49
herd immunity	48
advisory committee	48
increased risk	48
prevent transmission	48
contact tracing	47
respiratory droplets	46
close contact	46
infected individuals	45
infected person	45
mucous membranes	44
hiv transmission	44
confirmed cases	44
respiratory syncytial	44
transmission risk	44
transmission route	43
virus type	43
face masks	43
secondary transmission	42
ventilation systems	42
respiratory infections	42
susceptible host	42
home care	42
secondary cases	42
respiratory secretions	41
syncytial virus	41
neonatal intensive	41
via breast	40
environmental contamination	40
person transmission	40
indoor air	39
preventing transmission	39
surgical mask	39
nosocomial infections	39
per hour	39
community transmission	38
infection cases	38
environmental transmission	38
indirect contact	38
environmental factors	37
droplet precautions	37
hemorrhagic fever	37
airborne route	37
pregnant women	37
premature infants	37
infected patients	37
medical masks	37
author funder	36
cystic fibrosis	36
granted medrxiv	36
oral transmission	35
pandemic influenza	35
clostridium difficile	35
control strategies	35
high risk	35
breastfed infants	35
transmission occurs	35
population density	34
disease ecology	34
isolation precautions	34
primary case	34
tracheal intubation	34
cohort study	34
upper respiratory	33
made available	33
respiratory protection	33
care units	33
acute care	33
severe disease	33
immune response	33
child transmission	33
mycobacterium tuberculosis	33
air samples	32
differential diagnosis	32
potentially infectious	32
mouth disease	32
close contacts	32
reproduction number	31
universal precautions	31
exit strategies	31
sars coronavirus	31
avian influenza	31
organ systems	31
mobility data	31
hiv infection	31
transmission events	31
healthcare facilities	30
risk factor	30
breast cancer	30
sexually transmitted	30
global health	30
susceptible individuals	30
personality traits	30
family members	30
infection rates	30
eye protection	29
zoster virus	29
copyright holder	29
airborne infection	29
international license	29
pseudomonas aeruginosa	29
sars outbreak	29
disease spread	29
face mask	29
reproductive number	29
airborne precautions	29
particle size	29
infection transmission	28
genomic data	28
virus infections	28
airborne particles	28
version posted	28
posted october	28
less likely	28
necropsy findings	28
relative risk	28
contact rates	27
transmission among	27
transmission within	27
influenza viruses	27
contact transmission	27
fever virus	27
ventilation system	27
viral shedding	27
air quality	27
environmental conditions	27
hand washing	27
fed infants	27
host species	27
healthcare worker	26
particulate respirators	26
resistant enterococci	26
bayesian inference	26
sars transmission	26
household members	26
transmission may	25
control programs	25
fresh air	25
fluid dynamics	25
patient safety	25
transmission potential	25
one study	25
bloodstream infections	25
via breastfeeding	25
respiratory illness	25
another study	25
nosocomial infection	25
face shields	25
mathematical models	25
hospitalized patients	25
disease dynamics	25
lyme disease	25
attack rate	25
organ system	25
practices advisory	25
index cases	24
engineering controls	24
dengue virus	24
transmission modes	24
african countries	24
antimicrobial resistance	24
research complications	24
virus disease	24
exhaled breath	24
environmental surfaces	24
susceptible hosts	23
case data	23
epidemiological data	23
immunization practices	23
escherichia coli	23
spreading events	23
host population	23
secondary attack	23
oral route	23
zika virus	23
zoonotic spillover	23
zoonotic pathogens	23
recovery rate	23
fatality rate	22
nursing homes	22
disease outbreaks	22
tracer gas	22
case numbers	22
hygiene practices	22
respiratory infection	22
indoor environments	22
borne transmission	22
large droplets	22
size distribution	22
cough etiquette	22
ventilation rate	22
care personnel	22
among health	22
household contacts	22
microbiology laboratory	22
west africa	22
viral respiratory	22
pediatric patients	22
general population	22
total incidence	22
may occur	21
air conditioning	21
cluster sizes	21
inanimate surfaces	21
sexual transmission	21
immune system	21
air flow	21
host cell	21
attack rates	21
heat recovery	21
respiratory virus	21
transmission rates	21
sars patients	21
commonly used	21
risk assessment	21
disease virus	21
control study	21
transmitted via	21
nosocomial outbreak	21
infections among	20
air changes	20
cov transmission	20
care setting	20
chain reaction	20
nursing home	20
clinical microbiology	20
virus environmental	20
recent study	20
different types	20
antimicrobial agents	20
patient rooms	20
virus host	20
airborne infectious	20
emerging infectious	20
smallpox vaccination	20
risk groups	20
reducing human	20
future research	19
mask use	19
high school	19
internal organ	19
important role	19
risk group	19
among humans	19
viral transmission	19
chronic diseases	19
least one	19
immunocompromised patients	19
egg production	19
respiratory diseases	19
evidence indicates	19
general public	19
prospective study	19
respiratory disease	19
bacterial contamination	19
care worker	19
newcastle disease	19
healthcare personnel	19
superspreading events	19
epidemic models	19
virus survival	19
among healthcare	19
confirmed covid	19
diseases society	18
prolonged periods	18
transmission function	18
exclusive breastfeeding	18
infectious virus	18
see appendix	18
peer review	18
time series	18
bloodborne pathogens	18
resistant organisms	18
polymerase chain	18
nonintact skin	18
clinical characteristics	18
care providers	18
care hospitals	18
different countries	18
infection via	18
negative pressure	18
removal rate	18
big five	18
donor pigs	18
ecology theory	18
compartmental models	18
case fatality	18
antimicrobial stewardship	18
large numbers	18
asymptomatic carriers	17
cardiopulmonary resuscitation	17
tract infections	17
viral disease	17
internal organs	17
viral loads	17
protection equipment	17
modelling study	17
higher risk	17
control interventions	17
biodiversity loss	17
protective effect	17
also may	17
outbreak data	17
hospital setting	17
computational fluid	17
time period	17
median age	17
surface contamination	17
contact route	17
young children	17
preventive measures	17
virus particles	17
copies per	17
data collection	17
hospital settings	17
viral infections	17
may help	17
persistence time	17
isolation rooms	17
respiratory hygiene	17
remain suspended	17
control precautions	17
disease risk	16
antibiotic resistance	16
virus shedding	16
cmv infection	16
infectious dose	16
infected persons	16
cov infection	16
long distances	16
communicable diseases	16
several studies	16
source control	16
home environment	16
incidence rate	16
face shield	16
following exposure	16
one case	16
gastrointestinal tract	16
infection occurs	16
air sampling	16
central venous	16
hcv rna	16
viable virus	16
isolation room	16
susceptible individual	16
maternal infection	16
transmission risks	16
democratic republic	16
infectious material	16
disease outbreak	16
fomite transmission	16
virus genome	16
aerosol generation	16
family cluster	16
latent period	16
positive mothers	16
patient room	16
healthcare infection	16
iu lb	16
jakob disease	16
preterm infants	16
sars among	16
virus infiltration	16
environmental survival	16
human populations	16
children younger	16
patient transmission	16
infants born	16
mechanical ventilation	16
negative bacilli	16
transmitted pathogens	15
body infiltration	15
infection among	15
even though	15
transmission mechanism	15
healthcare epidemiology	15
congenital infection	15
personal hygiene	15
coronavirus infection	15
air distribution	15
medical procedures	15
remain airborne	15
real time	15
time lag	15
germicidal irradiation	15
infectious particles	15
working group	15
theoretical concepts	15
will also	15
high viral	15
anesthesia providers	15
case reports	15
significantly higher	15
ultraviolet germicidal	15
acquired infections	15
antiretroviral therapy	15
displacement ventilation	15
targeted control	15
infection period	15
female fraction	15
borne pathogens	15
total number	15
study group	15
infectious individuals	15
hygiene cough	15
positive test	15
new cases	15
clinical trials	15
network inference	15
transmission trees	15
potential risk	15
air travel	15
available data	15
transmission models	15
relative importance	15
tested positive	15
stale air	15
cluster size	14
disease systems	14
operating room	14
host density	14
become infected	14
blood products	14
basic reproduction	14
infected patient	14
virus adsorption	14
cfd simulation	14
individual variation	14
via droplets	14
molecular epidemiology	14
supplementary table	14
droplet route	14
cause disease	14
injection practices	14
patient contact	14
influenza transmission	14
occupancy buildings	14
tohuman transmission	14
com scientificreports	14
cell culture	14
virus may	14
tract infection	14
many cases	14
hiv aids	14
incubation phase	14
reduce transmission	14
cov outbreak	14
confirmed case	14
infected individual	14
infants younger	14
body fluid	14
wide range	14
clinical features	14
cruise ship	14
high mortality	14
transmission patterns	14
medrxiv preprint	14
larger droplets	14
risk settings	14
contaminated surfaces	14
intervention strategies	14
infections associated	14
case studies	14
mucous membrane	14
changes per	14
high occupancy	14
infections transmitted	14
evidence suggests	14
clinically significant	14
south korea	14
large number	14
data sources	14
control efforts	14
environmental cleaning	14
primary cases	14
room air	14
lassa fever	14
scientific evidence	14
indirect transmission	14
human host	13
epidemiologically important	13
flow rate	13
will help	13
physical distancing	13
cell leukemia	13
viruses belonging	13
respiratory viral	13
human population	13
clinical disease	13
high level	13
lymphotropic virus	13
cytomegalovirus infection	13
subclinical infectiousness	13
stainless steel	13
care delivery	13
new infection	13
missing data	13
sir model	13
sodium hypochlorite	13
critical care	13
cases per	13
glove use	13
common cold	13
enveloped viruses	13
small number	13
host tropism	13
mortality rate	13
transmission tree	13
bloodstream infection	13
ebola outbreak	13
united kingdom	13
among patients	13
many countries	13
nucleic acid	13
ventilation strategies	13
symptomatic patient	13
retrospective cohort	13
main transmission	13
spillover transmission	13
disease emergence	13
reducing spillover	13
natural history	13
patients infected	13
physical contact	13
medical care	13
influenza pandemic	13
postexposure prophylaxis	13
lattice boltzmann	13
transmission hazard	13
outbreak response	13
rights reserved	13
medical students	13
infected mothers	13
four virus	13
adverse events	13
may vary	13
milk samples	13
occupational health	13
reported cases	13
hospital infection	13
herpes simplex	13
lower respiratory	13
barrier precautions	13
standard deviation	13
new york	13
life cycle	13
effective control	13
observational studies	13
dependent transmission	13
infectious periods	13
viral diseases	12
infectious aerosols	12
see table	12
acquired immunity	12
ebv infection	12
stem cell	12
infant transmission	12
greater risk	12
outdoor air	12
natural selection	12
time interval	12
logistic regression	12
familial cluster	12
range airborne	12
within hours	12
infectious pathogens	12
recent years	12
family size	12
associated diarrhea	12
flight transmission	12
disease caused	12
transmission heterogeneity	12
associated infections	12
bone marrow	12
long periods	12
mixing model	12
may increase	12
epidemic dynamics	12
experimental study	12
safe injection	12
medical equipment	12
age group	12
birth weight	12
index patient	12
transmission network	12
safety culture	12
nurse staffing	12
extended periods	12
american academy	12
indoor airflow	12
within families	12
may include	12
cfd method	12
transfer efficiency	12
clinical symptoms	12
aureus infection	12
measles virus	12
control policies	12
rna viruses	12
possible transmission	12
infection associated	12
human infection	12
staff members	12
contaminated hands	12
secondary infections	12
airborne spread	12
positive women	12
ambulatory care	12
official publication	12
factors associated	12
hospital rooms	12
coronavirus infections	12
antimicrobial prophylaxis	12
mobility patterns	12
cases among	12
influenza vaccination	12
fmd outbreak	12
survival rate	12
absolute humidity	12
epidemiological models	12
ttv dna	12
epithelial cells	12
drinking water	12
van der	12
aspergillus spp	11
south africa	11
disease management	11
seropositive mothers	11
much less	11
two groups	11
diamond princess	11
persistent infections	11
surface stability	11
skilled nursing	11
bmj global	11
transmission amplifiers	11
economic family	11
published studies	11
control program	11
contact networks	11
respiratory pathogens	11
emerging pathogens	11
leukemia virus	11
close proximity	11
data provided	11
human respiratory	11
vast majority	11
closely related	11
human breast	11
hospital outbreak	11
current normal	11
epidemic spread	11
barr virus	11
surgical hand	11
infected people	11
will prevent	11
mucosal surfaces	11
may reduce	11
better understand	11
home health	11
air temperature	11
airborne pathogens	11
viral particles	11
distancing measures	11
appropriate use	11
ambulatory settings	11
fmdv rna	11
ncov infection	11
markov chain	11
health service	11
surveillance data	11
mortality rates	11
respiratory symptoms	11
network models	11
hcv infection	11
based hand	11
aerosol particles	11
milk transmission	11
asymptomatic cases	11
low level	11
determine whether	11
coronavirus outbreak	11
active cases	11
model parameters	11
body fashion	11
disease associated	11
community outbreak	11
pathogen genomic	11
small particles	11
primary infection	11
authors declare	11
first months	11
tcid ml	11
prevention measures	11
spillover reduction	11
controlled trial	11
elementary school	11
journal rspb	11
fever vaccine	11
healthy individuals	11
endotracheal intubation	11
laden aerosols	11
infection rate	11
surgical procedures	11
direct patient	11
occurs via	11
viral hemorrhagic	11
clinical trial	11
transmission parameters	11
clinical specimens	11
free equilibrium	11
reproduction numbers	11
risk estimates	11
single patient	11
symptomatic patients	11
prevention strategies	11
health authorities	11
among children	11
low risk	11
inference methods	11
mathematical model	11
higher proportion	11
competing interests	11
experimental studies	11
resistant enterococcus	11
crossroads hotel	11
indoor environment	10
research purposes	10
proxy measures	10
acquired mrsa	10
occupied spaces	10
management outcomes	10
mathematical modelling	10
confirmed sars	10
clinical infectious	10
subclinical infectious	10
american society	10
contact groups	10
new pathogens	10
large droplet	10
air sacculitis	10
human herpes	10
adenovirus type	10
hand contamination	10
wash hands	10
significant role	10
emergency department	10
hbv infection	10
mask worn	10
transmission clusters	10
doctor shopping	10
average number	10
recently published	10
gene therapy	10
transmission occurred	10
room temperature	10
gbs disease	10
temporal dynamics	10
air exchange	10
income countries	10
environmental sources	10
sierra leone	10
spreading event	10
scientific community	10
birth canal	10
vary widely	10
health services	10
randomized clinical	10
pulmonary tuberculosis	10
highly contagious	10
passively acquired	10
severity level	10
outbreak size	10
princess cruise	10
transmission term	10
org journal	10
associated bloodstream	10
transmission model	10
hospital workers	10
infection prevalence	10
type ii	10
health workers	10
convolutional lstm	10
basic reproductive	10
serial interval	10
microbial contamination	10
infection isolation	10
different transmission	10
virus causing	10
disease surveillance	10
ventilation rates	10
transmission pathways	10
occupational safety	10
interim guidance	10
outpatient settings	10
large outbreaks	10
population level	10
asymptomatic transmission	10
invasive disease	10
elective peri	10
air flows	10
case i	10
infection severity	10
virus spread	10
using cfd	10
medical staff	10
wild birds	10
viral copies	10
population size	10
virus families	10
air handling	10
chikungunya virus	10
equipment contamination	10
experimental conditions	10
burn unit	10
among household	10
air currents	10
per day	10
may become	10
ct values	10
indoor airborne	10
first step	10
pseudomonas cepacia	10
transplant recipients	10
surface environmental	10
care hospital	10
skin lesions	10
infectious individual	10
emotional stability	10
body environment	10
cases infected	10
aedes aegypti	10
spatial distribution	10
i infection	10
causing covid	10
high levels	10
infection preventionists	10
different environmental	10
hematopoietic stem	10
per ml	10
may result	10
disease prevention	10
surveillance system	10
persons per	10
spread via	10
airborne virus	10
fomite route	10
new host	10
resource investment	10
probability distribution	10
differential equations	10
rspb proc	10
dental practice	10
also found	10
health interventions	10
sexual contact	10
poorly ventilated	10
postnatal infection	10
routine patient	10
study showed	10
virus inactivation	10
infected pneumonia	10
individuals may	10
infectious patients	10
negative bacteria	10
mg lb	10
respiratory droplet	10
students exposed	10
may provide	10
national institute	9
widely used	9
species transmission	9
saharan africa	9
air pollution	9
epidemiological parameters	9
may need	9
virus via	9
social network	9
via respiratory	9
isolation gowns	9
transmission approximation	9
may contribute	9
geographic spread	9
fit testing	9
infiltration score	9
low birth	9
cesarean delivery	9
incubation periods	9
airborne droplets	9
infectious bursal	9
times higher	9
years old	9
influence transmission	9
rna load	9
hospital wards	9
preventable diseases	9
disease incidence	9
quality control	9
door handles	9
confined spaces	9
syndrome virus	9
wound infections	9
seasonal influenza	9
local transmission	9
cedar meats	9
infection surveillance	9
animal models	9
infected animals	9
became infected	9
nonlinear incidence	9
may lead	9
respiratory transmission	9
fecal contamination	9
epidemic growth	9
knowledge gaps	9
borne diseases	9
bursal disease	9
vaccination program	9
wearing gloves	9
routine use	9
odds ratio	9
dengue transmission	9
breast feeding	9
virus organ	9
saudi arabia	9
social media	9
part i	9
continued breastfeeding	9
subcritical zoonoses	9
case study	9
ambient temperature	9
per room	9
resource levels	9
communicable infection	9
van doremalen	9
elusive pathway	9
numerical simulations	9
ring vaccination	9
human mobility	9
high rates	9
testing delays	9
site infections	9
host abundance	9
weather features	9
asymptomatic sars	9
chemical disinfection	9
subcritical pathogens	9
forecasting system	9
prenatal infection	9
private households	9
potential transmission	9
virus infectivity	9
health department	9
influenza vaccine	9
ebola epidemic	9
built environment	9
innate immune	9
potential source	9
compartmental model	9
results indicate	9
drag coefficient	9
human pathogens	9
empiric therapy	9
clinical practice	9
respiratory failure	9
herpes virus	9
transmission will	9
wildlife disease	9
clinical illness	9
prone acute	9
factors affecting	9
mixing coefficient	9
sustained human	9
environmental infection	9
cov virus	9
total infection	9
sensitivity analyses	9
including sars	9
less frequently	9
isolation wards	9
total infectious	9
simulation results	9
amoy gardens	9
der waals	9
active infection	9
term infants	9
posterior probability	9
vaccine virus	9
rotavirus infection	9
corona virus	9
breastfeeding mother	9
transmission scenario	9
transmit via	9
also include	9
environmental samples	9
dental care	9
lactating women	9
smallpox vaccine	9
patients undergoing	9
different levels	9
chronic care	9
epidemiological studies	9
type i	9
th century	9
sars cov	9
study found	9
based models	9
pediatric hospital	9
see http	9
sars patient	9
contact patterns	9
within rows	9
care provider	9
healthcare setting	9
epidemic model	9
national nosocomial	9
asymptomatic individuals	9
virus rna	9
recommended infection	9
via aerosols	9
postnatal transmission	9
species diversity	9
expected number	9
amino acids	9
body substance	9
inhalable aerosols	9
fever viruses	9
laboratory studies	9
related viruses	9
control guidelines	8
enteric pathogens	8
chronic disease	8
higher viral	8
significantly lower	8
precautions include	8
cell transplantation	8
viruses may	8
health systems	8
social networks	8
alimentary tract	8
susceptible persons	8
nasal mucosa	8
hai rates	8
diagnostic tests	8
potentially contaminated	8
asymptomatic infection	8
virus transfer	8
burn wound	8
isolation guidelines	8
acute infectious	8
transmission chain	8
nursing staff	8
simulated sunlight	8
human cases	8
wuhan hospitals	8
highly infectious	8
cumulative infection	8
may cause	8
south america	8
rabies virus	8
first wave	8
recent outbreak	8
continuing breastfeeding	8
room ultraviolet	8
secretory iga	8
risk associated	8
will usually	8
severe respiratory	8
among medical	8
drug administration	8
lessons learned	8
choir practice	8
data used	8
urban areas	8
possible routes	8
public reporting	8
unsteady flow	8
confidence interval	8
transmission associated	8
major role	8
temporal changes	8
substance isolation	8
rna detection	8
ill patients	8
performed using	8
epithelial modes	8
poorly understood	8
additional precautions	8
one patient	8
commercial airliner	8
time required	8
food preparation	8
particularly high	8
severe covid	8
joint mission	8
early stages	8
high sars	8
infected hosts	8
intestinal tract	8
critically ill	8
artificial nails	8
protecting health	8
young adults	8
controlled trials	8
acinetobacter baumannii	8
infections surveillance	8
randomized trial	8
influenza among	8
computational times	8
transmit infection	8
antibiotic treatment	8
clinical course	8
crucial role	8
acquired methicillin	8
drug resistance	8
occur via	8
outpatient clinics	8
child care	8
collective strategies	8
particles may	8
new infections	8
hydrogen peroxide	8
precautions may	8
airflow patterns	8
large proportion	8
large outbreak	8
endemic areas	8
avian encephalomyelitis	8
remain infectious	8
vector control	8
based forecasting	8
free survival	8
immunity threshold	8
ipc precaution	8
extremely low	8
infection risks	8
respiratory particles	8
occupational exposure	8
infected host	8
multiple persons	8
contact rate	8
nervous system	8
young chicks	8
per unit	8
containing droplets	8
respirable aerosols	8
may play	8
infection caused	8
clinical outcomes	8
management strategies	8
range transmission	8
venous catheters	8
disease severity	8
comparative study	8
prediction period	8
cruise ships	8
coronavirus indicating	8
infectious causation	8
generation cephalosporins	8
north america	8
will reduce	8
nosocomial pathogens	8
risk patients	8
epidemiologic studies	8
based handrub	8
host range	8
children born	8
pressure ventilation	8
outbreak associated	8
shock syndrome	8
single dose	8
hbv vaccine	8
nursing facility	8
droplet size	8
home hygiene	8
parainfluenza virus	8
i transmission	8
breast lesions	8
directly transmitted	8
control procedures	8
necrotizing enterocolitis	8
resistant bacteria	8
human influenza	8
antimicrobial activity	8
vaccinia virus	8
generation cases	8
surface disinfection	8
epidemiological characteristics	8
protective environment	8
zoonotic event	8
antimicrobial therapy	8
reduce spillover	8
total population	8
statistically significant	8
protective immunity	8
precaution recommendations	8
experimental data	8
recommended precautions	8
visibly soiled	8
particle transport	8
west african	8
whole class	8
patient outcomes	8
risk reduction	8
room ventilation	8
different contexts	8
better understanding	8
tap water	8
pregnant woman	8
genome sequencing	8
positive air	8
transport phenomena	8
generating procedure	8
congenital malformations	8
precautionary principle	8
human coronavirus	8
first reported	8
wasting disease	8
transmissible infectious	8
long term	8
clinical settings	8
measles outbreak	8
may require	8
host factors	8
ventilation strategy	8
transmission characteristics	8
enteric viruses	8
nonpharmaceutical interventions	8
airborne disease	8
unit time	8
viral cultures	8
preventing influenza	8
cord blood	8
pediatric infectious	8
lower levels	8
infected children	8
health policy	8
many researchers	8
infection cycle	8
hand antisepsis	8
portable air	8
within households	8
care centers	8
symptomatic individuals	8
creative commons	8
air cleaners	8
environmental settings	8
clean air	8
health system	8
pharmaceutical interventions	8
pneumonia associated	8
may affect	8
cell infection	8
chronic wasting	8
airborne particle	8
first case	8
particulate air	8
human coronaviruses	8
simplex virus	8
data collected	8
multimodal data	8
healthcare providers	8
causative agent	8
supplementary material	8
via contaminated	8
rotavirus vaccines	8
like viruses	8
infants receiving	8
observational study	8
positive pressure	8
see chapter	8
epidemiological analysis	8
virus outbreak	8
among hospital	8
systems may	8
current investigation	8
transmission ecology	8
face contact	8
ncov transmission	8
like illness	8
five personality	8
one host	8
one health	8
aerosol generating	8
disease may	7
relative infectivity	7
spectrum beta	7
infectious transmission	7
see section	7
well described	7
electronic supplementary	7
transmission networks	7
infections caused	7
droplets generated	7
environmental drivers	7
sars outbreaks	7
becoming infected	7
airborne viral	7
spillover rates	7
acquired antibodies	7
onset date	7
tuberculosis outbreak	7
studies suggest	7
early detection	7
available evidence	7
environmental reservoir	7
many studies	7
rhinovirus colds	7
smaller particles	7
hantavirus pulmonary	7
low levels	7
densely populated	7
systematic reviews	7
new data	7
spillover rate	7
infiltration scores	7
confidence intervals	7
pcr testing	7
safely managed	7
control practice	7
brownian motion	7
health status	7
test results	7
significant difference	7
far droplets	7
older adults	7
literature review	7
infections acquired	7
streptococcal disease	7
monte carlo	7
also used	7
transmammary transmission	7
potential pathogens	7
mrsa infection	7
get infected	7
reason exists	7
spillover risk	7
equine viruses	7
pediatric intensive	7
respiratory activities	7
susceptible population	7
higher rates	7
will occur	7
vaccine uptake	7
evidence base	7
patient populations	7
poor ventilation	7
gross lesions	7
pulmonary syndrome	7
elementary schools	7
coronavirus transmission	7
outbreak investigations	7
respiratory specimens	7
reynolds number	7
ipc program	7
outside air	7
disease occurs	7
droplet contact	7
first days	7
major cause	7
infusion therapy	7
must also	7
second wave	7
current pandemic	7
first order	7
nosocomial respiratory	7
specific disease	7
control activities	7
studies show	7
infected pigs	7
high population	7
influenza season	7
virus remains	7
global burden	7
air recirculation	7
case counts	7
pediatric oncology	7
rhinovirus infections	7
cfd methods	7
workers exposed	7
phylogenetic tree	7
current knowledge	7
suspension time	7
resistant gram	7
respiratory pathogen	7
lesser extent	7
burn patients	7
relative contributions	7
reactive strategy	7
hygiene compliance	7
persons exposed	7
laden droplets	7
communicable disease	7
tree reconstruction	7
prevent contact	7
system involvement	7
recent outbreaks	7
antibiotic therapy	7
primary transmission	7
tissue culture	7
clinical manifestations	7
several different	7
one report	7
previous studies	7
effective therapy	7
virus strains	7
reducing transmission	7
aircraft cabins	7
aureus infections	7
daily cases	7
will confirm	7
epidemiologic data	7
specific infectious	7
diarrheal diseases	7
health agencies	7
falling curve	7
via contact	7
reverse transcriptase	7
external features	7
human disease	7
system tropism	7
pressure isolation	7
immune globulin	7
hav infection	7
notification data	7
different settings	7
air sacs	7
via direct	7
respirators used	7
soft tissue	7
supporting information	7
patients may	7
address matching	7
immune responses	7
infected farms	7
case notification	7
human beings	7
gestational age	7
germ theory	7
windows closed	7
sharps injuries	7
different control	7
particle sizes	7
reservoir hosts	7
infant pairs	7
general ward	7
care system	7
surrounding environment	7
human movement	7
hemorrhagic fevers	7
computational burden	7
urinary tract	7
sequence data	7
log reduction	7
chlamydia pneumoniae	7
much lower	7
respiratory activity	7
air movement	7
tuberculosis transmission	7
putative virus	7
recommended practices	7
several days	7
scientificreports www	7
nbd transmission	7
prospective cohort	7
early weaning	7
wearing masks	7
hicpac cdc	7
laboratory confirmed	7
contain infectious	7
polybasic cleavage	7
pandemic potential	7
infectious sars	7
high temperature	7
gov ncidod	7
individual i	7
blood donors	7
contact vaccinia	7
often used	7
data set	7
multiple patients	7
high transmission	7
norovirus outbreak	7
source patient	7
reportable disease	7
relatively high	7
significant risk	7
three different	7
expiratory activities	7
reduce human	7
family ranking	7
infections due	7
perinatal infection	7
case report	7
sensitivity analysis	7
aerodynamic diameter	7
either side	7
emerging viruses	7
cases may	7
human metapneumovirus	7
lumbar puncture	7
riley model	7
infection spread	7
infections may	7
transmission scenarios	7
spatial heterogeneity	7
risk spillover	7
procedures involving	7
adverse effects	7
routine care	7
especially important	7
study design	7
transmission using	7
intervention measures	7
particle aerosols	7
severely ill	7
infant feeding	7
infectious complications	7
chemical disinfectants	7
fatality rates	7
also provides	7
prevention practices	7
randomized controlled	7
vice versa	7
medical mask	7
rapid spread	7
parameter values	7
new studies	7
rates among	7
average economic	7
active surveillance	7
specific recommendations	7
disease epidemiology	7
aerosols generated	7
hospital staff	7
ultraviolet light	7
age groups	7
work area	7
nutritional status	7
infant botulism	7
infection dynamics	7
large respiratory	7
readily available	7
reduce disease	7
gamma distribution	7
mental health	7
examination room	7
breastfeeding mothers	7
descriptive study	7
risk estimate	7
tuberculosis among	7
total cluster	7
waiting areas	7
breastfeeding infant	7
based approach	7
asymptomatic patients	7
klebsiella pneumoniae	7
bacterial transmission	7
illness onset	7
human herpesvirus	7
passenger cars	7
tuberculosis infection	7
salmonella enterica	7
care staff	7
aerosol droplets	7
relatively small	7
size range	7
clinical evidence	7
respiratory infectious	7
sampling studies	7
second order	7
contaminated air	7
epidemic keratoconjunctivitis	7
adverse outcomes	7
potential impact	7
airborne influenza	7
epidemiological evidence	7
host environment	7
may contain	7
observational cohort	7
possible source	6
three cases	6
visitor screening	6
nombre virus	6
cfu ml	6
work environment	6
venous catheter	6
private room	6
nan doi	6
seir model	6
close observation	6
pcr assays	6
prolonged exposure	6
outbreak investigation	6
respiratory aerosols	6
death rate	6
contaminated food	6
viral concentration	6
central nervous	6
risks associated	6
detailed data	6
fmdv transmission	6
environmental reservoirs	6
outbreak simulations	6
transmission chains	6
chest radiograph	6
data suggest	6
spatial variation	6
relative contribution	6
primarily epithelial	6
public authorities	6
airborne routes	6
certain situations	6
infection will	6
contact via	6
healthcare epidemiologist	6
negative impact	6
medical center	6
transmitted diseases	6
may influence	6
fecal matter	6
laboratory testing	6
managed sanitation	6
onto fomites	6
human subjects	6
protect healthcare	6
sin nombre	6
routinely used	6
will vary	6
rural areas	6
short distance	6
simulation result	6
psychological characteristics	6
upper airway	6
level characteristics	6
research work	6
underlying diseases	6
individual differences	6
transmission suggests	6
virus viability	6
surface samples	6
rate may	6
rhinovirus transmission	6
heat source	6
boltzmann method	6
zoonotic disease	6
multiple host	6
inanimate objects	6
two studies	6
recent studies	6
three main	6
infect dis	6
outbreak units	6
potential role	6
school closure	6
transmission appears	6
good program	6
poor growth	6
confined space	6
formula feeding	6
sterile gloves	6
suspension times	6
newborn infant	6
ipc practices	6
contaminated droplets	6
ct value	6
costs associated	6
host infectivity	6
respirator use	6
reduced risk	6
molecular diagnostic	6
evidence supports	6
increased odds	6
facilities may	6
university hospital	6
clinical data	6
coronavirus pneumonia	6
indoor settings	6
input parameters	6
ventive active	6
protect hcws	6
actual transmission	6
er visits	6
exposed susceptible	6
stack effect	6
infectious droplets	6
postoperative infections	6
significant differences	6
another patient	6
treatment facilities	6
inactivate sars	6
fungal infections	6
data available	6
transmission involving	6
lines show	6
highly effective	6
pathogen evolution	6
sars will	6
infectious bronchitis	6
facebook users	6
household water	6
occupied space	6
iatrogenic meningitis	6
response conditions	6
strongly recommended	6
viral infectivity	6
presymptomatic transmission	6
microbial diversity	6
increase transmission	6
measles transmission	6
home infusion	6
strategies may	6
communication messages	6
based method	6
emergency response	6
response rate	6
exposed pigs	6
health officials	6
many instances	6
resistant mycobacterium	6
precautions based	6
using numerical	6
transmission based	6
maternal antibodies	6
infection within	6
od matrix	6
retrospective analysis	6
household size	6
two cases	6
via fomites	6
birds may	6
rsv infection	6
within minutes	6
tertiary care	6
contact network	6
fowl cholera	6
protection clinical	6
size distributions	6
household secondary	6
google scholar	6
study suggested	6
million people	6
joint commission	6
spatial separation	6
hsct patients	6
domestic fowl	6
oncology unit	6
except sweat	6
control recommendations	6
larger average	6
seated within	6
urogenital tract	6
human exhaled	6
adaptive immune	6
studies using	6
ethics approval	6
modeling infectious	6
suboptimal outbreak	6
many susceptible	6
plasmodium falciparum	6
antibody titer	6
antibiotic prophylaxis	6
hiv status	6
developing countries	6
generally less	6
day care	6
diagnostic testing	6
droplet properties	6
organ transplant	6
severe infections	6
different routes	6
onset gbs	6
difficile infection	6
emerging diseases	6
competent hosts	6
tt virus	6
will need	6
livestock viruses	6
antimicrobial susceptibility	6
open access	6
recirculated air	6
asymptomatic carrier	6
public buildings	6
incidence rates	6
person spread	6
environmental determinants	6
live virus	6
increased rates	6
mass masking	6
side effects	6
local interpretations	6
virus dna	6
virus aerosols	6
supplementary information	6
raw data	6
contact routes	6
nvp zdv	6
important means	6
gel electrophoresis	6
per person	6
arthropod vectors	6
simple models	6
disease agents	6
frequently associated	6
table summarizes	6
current study	6
potentially infected	6
infected passengers	6
four times	6
phylogenetic analysis	6
theoretical framework	6
fmd outbreaks	6
first years	6
mathematical modeling	6
possible sars	6
cases associated	6
patients requiring	6
health impact	6
temperate climates	6
small droplets	6
air velocity	6
virus family	6
bayesian model	6
pet birds	6
lower odds	6
epidemic control	6
will cause	6
reservoir host	6
negative results	6
dengue viruses	6
natural infection	6
hgv rna	6
workers involved	6
acute gastroenteritis	6
zoonotic infection	6
retrospective study	6
fungal spores	6
severe cases	6
fatty acids	6
air change	6
clinical outcome	6
generation time	6
exclusively breastfed	6
ventilation air	6
well understood	6
droplets expelled	6
larger particles	6
current ventilation	6
model selection	6
augmented likelihood	6
common source	6
exposed individuals	6
scientific brief	6
shoe covers	6
hospital environment	6
posterior distribution	6
per cent	6
homogeneous mixing	6
simulation model	6
study also	6
days later	6
climatological covariates	6
infant via	6
viruses among	6
ventilation design	6
also provide	6
dry cough	6
teaching hospital	6
breastfed infant	6
asymptomatic student	6
disease among	6
turbulent gas	6
efficiency particulate	6
coping strategies	6
vaccine development	6
influenza aboard	6
prior information	6
medical intensive	6
intact skin	6
infection may	6
infect humans	6
supraglottic airway	6
main text	6
day delay	6
procedures may	6
greatest risk	6
infectious respiratory	6
health doi	6
central line	6
human health	6
least two	6
current evidence	6
viral aerosols	6
skin infections	6
decision making	6
control issues	6
staphylococcal enterotoxin	6
medical devices	6
mortality due	6
using data	6
disinfection strategies	6
will increase	6
mitigation measures	6
successful transmission	6
mildly symptomatic	6
precautions among	6
mass communication	6
credible interval	6
wells evaporation	6
conditioning engineers	6
medical conditions	6
become contaminated	6
rna loads	6
effective measures	6
chinese center	6
will continue	6
chain monte	6
help reduce	6
rhesus monkeys	6
narrative review	6
genetic distance	6
variable transmission	6
animal populations	6
appropriate personal	6
animal host	6
zoonotic diseases	6
virulence management	6
congo hemorrhagic	6
containment measures	6
new coronavirus	6
ffp masks	6
stewardship programs	6
may transmit	6
viral pathogens	6
epidemiologic study	6
mg kg	6
within days	6
cov cases	6
limited data	6
also contribute	6
small proportion	6
early transmission	6
infant zidovudine	6
infect others	6
secondary case	6
predominant route	6
transmission pattern	6
specific antibodies	6
relative transmission	6
personal protection	6
china joint	6
free state	6
pig production	6
concerning breastfeeding	6
dis ease	6
south korean	6
respiratory tracts	6
well documented	6
infectious patient	6
transmission occurring	6
high rate	6
risk communication	6
acquired sars	6
unit patients	6
viral genomic	6
additional risk	6
surgical site	6
percutaneous injury	6
common respiratory	6
local airflow	6
people living	6
another example	6
positive association	6
expiratory events	6
us hospitals	6
high morbidity	6
published reports	6
viral culture	6
based products	6
strong evidence	6
models may	6
droplet borne	6
average daily	6
different sources	6
different epidemic	6
scores allocated	6
examination gloves	6
host cells	6
associated coronavirus	6
rate following	6
onto surfaces	6
weight infants	6
infant may	6
gi tract	6
cause severe	6
flow rates	6
disinfecting surfaces	6
airway devices	6
transmission study	6
among individuals	6
become available	6
affected countries	6
stool samples	6
data types	6
environmental fungi	6
cases reported	6
animal reservoirs	6
occurs infrequently	6
agents transmitted	6
becomes available	6
air supplied	5
school transmission	5
multiple introductions	5
study human	5
disease free	5
different locations	5
disease progression	5
long distance	5
especially hand	5
ebola viruses	5
surgical patients	5
risk populations	5
transmitted primarily	5
invasive aspergillosis	5
two wuhan	5
infected birds	5
care patients	5
sensitivity testing	5
invasive candidiasis	5
significantly reduced	5
donor animal	5
emergency departments	5
chagas disease	5
mediated immunity	5
studies reported	5
molecular typing	5
brief exposure	5
highest risk	5
among people	5
production systems	5
hospital ward	5
may pose	5
immunization schedule	5
statistical analysis	5
specific risk	5
isolation practices	5
host susceptibility	5
several weeks	5
surface cleaning	5
animal reservoir	5
burn center	5
may reach	5
immunodeficiency syndrome	5
results suggest	5
pediatric patient	5
aerosolgenerating procedures	5
vaccination site	5
homemade masks	5
adsorption onto	5
control group	5
aerosolised pathogen	5
healthcare premises	5
short distances	5
appropriate ppe	5
fecal shedding	5
may remain	5
etiologic agent	5
infectious risk	5
susceptible person	5
contaminated environmental	5
mixing ventilation	5
among protected	5
southern china	5
increase disease	5
international flight	5
well established	5
attenuated vaccine	5
efficient transmission	5
data regarding	5
ebola transmission	5
possible role	5
red book	5
help prevent	5
level respirators	5
control intervention	5
exhaled air	5
infectious organisms	5
disease causation	5
male sex	5
recent report	5
using viral	5
possible interventions	5
environmental engineering	5
jurisdictional claims	5
host interactions	5
infected infants	5
epidemiological modelling	5
patient placement	5
via airborne	5
contact isolation	5
clinical situations	5
antiretroviral prophylaxis	5
cerebrospinal fluid	5
via blood	5
surface water	5
genome type	5
hospital transmission	5
specimen collection	5
recommendations concerning	5
water temperature	5
protect health	5
feeding tubes	5
consistent use	5
touch surface	5
vaccination strategies	5
associated methicillin	5
higher mortality	5
adaptive management	5
zoonotic pathogen	5
epithelial transmission	5
based disinfectant	5
roof mounted	5
pathogens standard	5
vary according	5
human rhinovirus	5
tb infection	5
respirators versus	5
open questions	5
also see	5
infectious contact	5
transmission success	5
rna copies	5
several factors	5
require special	5
cross infection	5
presymptomatic sars	5
exact test	5
virus illness	5
air delivery	5
associated transmission	5
increased morbidity	5
novel influenza	5
may seem	5
occupational transmission	5
statistical process	5
infectious curves	5
reduce incidence	5
infant mortality	5
trained model	5
first cases	5
less severe	5
ongoing transmission	5
critical unknowns	5
droplets may	5
one infant	5
infants infected	5
food safety	5
modelling results	5
case series	5
another group	5
candida infections	5
occupationally acquired	5
natural conditions	5
ongoing pandemic	5
lower rate	5
extinction rates	5
rehabilitation centers	5
animal disease	5
hcws exposed	5
epidural anesthesia	5
immune function	5
touched surfaces	5
etiologic agents	5
specific pathogen	5
contaminated water	5
animal hosts	5
effective reproductive	5
collateral effects	5
coli infection	5
detection rate	5
africa ebola	5
hand rub	5
low viral	5
touch surfaces	5
plus infant	5
suspected cases	5
without safely	5
epidemiological investigation	5
national guidelines	5
running water	5
potential importance	5
pathogenic microorganisms	5
first year	5
global distribution	5
several times	5
household settings	5
human expiratory	5
remains unclear	5
important source	5
disease will	5
various surfaces	5
symptoms appear	5
air sample	5
nursing mothers	5
vaccination programs	5
safety climate	5
infiltration ranking	5
systematic analysis	5
hand preparation	5
model using	5
air pressure	5
carrier tests	5
virus evolution	5
biodiversity may	5
infiltrative viruses	5
congo basin	5
little evidence	5
isolation hospitalization	5
paradigm model	5
perform hand	5
patients colonized	5
multiple studies	5
external factors	5
approximation fails	5
mixing parameters	5
bacterial pathogens	5
cleaning practices	5
relatively large	5
community level	5
invasive devices	5
protected health	5
pathogens transmitted	5
factors including	5
primary mode	5
growth rate	5
varicella vaccine	5
pathogen interactions	5
cdc guidelines	5
health management	5
human diseases	5
conditioning systems	5
three infiltration	5
lymphocytic choriomeningitis	5
effective method	5
human monkeypox	5
generating medical	5
passengers seated	5
limited evidence	5
particulate matter	5
incubation time	5
electrostatic forces	5
significantly reduce	5
giardia lamblia	5
nasal secretions	5
rational use	5
air borne	5
airliner cabin	5
infecting agent	5
virulence antigen	5
epidemic parameters	5
longterm care	5
epidemic disease	5
generate aerosols	5
additional protection	5
similar results	5
invasive infection	5
different surfaces	5
symptomatic index	5
spearman correlation	5
maternal illness	5
immune status	5
first positive	5
springer nature	5
korean outbreak	5
routine cleaning	5
ventive windhive	5
process control	5
temporal component	5
mixing patterns	5
copies ml	5
genetic material	5
unintended consequences	5
animal viruses	5
fibrosis patients	5
comparative analysis	5
immunity level	5
via aerosol	5
currently available	5
safe work	5
particular disease	5
emerging zoonoses	5
resistant tuberculosis	5
milder disease	5
described earlier	5
although many	5
patients receiving	5
important component	5
common vehicle	5
various sizes	5
input tensor	5
mortality may	5
study ii	5
vancomycin resistance	5
transplacental spread	5
kangaroo care	5
peripheral blood	5
producing klebsiella	5
infectious passenger	5
toxic shock	5
parameter estimates	5
credible intervals	5
little information	5
clinical presentation	5
construction dust	5
spillover control	5
outbreak will	5
control implications	5
disease system	5
designated hospital	5
increased susceptibility	5
score low	5
information may	5
risk based	5
wildlife diseases	5
collaborative study	5
airborne infections	5
classic example	5
commercially available	5
marrow transplant	5
important organisms	5
york city	5
surrounding areas	5
porous media	5
onset disease	5
transmission event	5
domestic animals	5
identify patients	5
administrative controls	5
control nurse	5
scoping review	5
biological weapon	5
known outbreak	5
probable sars	5
transmission prevention	5
emission rates	5
modeling approach	5
also necessary	5
aseptic technique	5
risk areas	5
serratia marcescens	5
usually occurs	5
young birds	5
family member	5
yolk sac	5
human papillomavirus	5
transmission due	5
gas mask	5
sars epidemic	5
candida albicans	5
spread around	5
clinical samples	5
regular testing	5
extensive environmental	5
remain asymptomatic	5
prevention act	5
infected cells	5
mild disease	5
evolutionary dynamics	5
well characterized	5
analysis using	5
control strategy	5
high schools	5
candida spp	5
burkholderia cepacia	5
odds ratios	5
healthcare facility	5
cluster randomized	5
physical examination	5
important information	5
tumor virus	5
community settings	5
mother may	5
available concerning	5
frequently touched	5
granger causality	5
among hospitalized	5
transmission following	5
airborne versus	5
postnatal exposure	5
particular interest	5
banked breast	5
model fitting	5
factors may	5
urgent need	5
high proportion	5
common cause	5
contact per	5
also known	5
service guidelines	5
flow regime	5
turbulent flow	5
multivariate analysis	5
acquired immunodeficiency	5
antibody responses	5
likely due	5
great britain	5
surface area	5