bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
blood donors	1063
blood transfusion	772
whole blood	705
red blood	596
study design	559
blood components	542
blood donation	528
summary conclusions	490
case studies	489
background case	481
blood group	478
blood products	466
red cell	464
blood bank	420
blood cells	397
design method	387
results finding	375
nucleic acid	343
transfusion medicine	338
test results	330
blood cell	311
public health	299
blood donor	297
specific ige	288
granted medrxiv	285
author funder	285
significantly higher	284
red cells	279
control group	279
allergic rhinitis	277
copyright holder	277
mg kg	273
lateral flow	267
made available	261
adverse events	258
blood samples	255
statistically significant	250
version posted	246
significant difference	244
transfusion reactions	241
mg dl	240
platelet concentrates	239
flow cytometry	236
international license	230
infectious diseases	219
diagnostic tests	214
transfusion service	209
blood banks	205
platelet count	203
bone marrow	202
risk factors	200
mean age	200
significant differences	198
iu ml	198
performed using	198
ng ml	196
health care	191
blood donations	188
mg ml	187
medrxiv preprint	186
years old	180
blood center	178
blood units	178
blood collection	175
quality control	173
united states	172
infectious disease	169
pregnant women	164
least one	162
skin prick	162
positive results	159
blood supply	157
two groups	156
total number	155
peer review	155
case report	154
pg ml	152
test result	150
peripheral blood	150
food allergy	149
stem cell	149
side effects	147
viral load	147
blood product	146
results findings	144
general population	142
clinical practice	141
positive test	141
bacterial contamination	139
chain reaction	138
design methods	138
first time	137
present study	137
clinically significant	136
positive samples	135
clinical trials	135
tested positive	135
polymerase chain	135
diagnostic accuracy	130
cd cd	130
blood services	129
coronavirus disease	129
lg ml	129
transfusion services	128
blood safety	128
year old	127
rbc units	127
clinical signs	126
age group	122
hbv dna	121
blood component	120
commercially available	120
false positive	120
results suggest	119
antibody screening	118
national blood	117
intensive care	116
university hospital	115
specific antibodies	115
autologous blood	114
antiglobulin test	113
body weight	113
room temperature	113
doc id	112
blood pressure	112
may also	112
cord uid	112
gene expression	110
adverse reactions	110
group testing	110
mass spectrometry	109
diagnostic test	109
grass pollen	109
blood centers	106
immune response	105
false negative	105
age groups	105
per year	104
statistical analysis	104
significantly lower	104
time series	104
staphylococcus aureus	104
positive tests	103
acute respiratory	103
positive rate	103
patients undergoing	102
rbc transfusion	102
blood loss	102
cd cells	102
blood culture	102
systematic review	102
patient care	102
medical center	101
blood service	101
frozen plasma	101
donor selection	100
study period	99
total ige	98
respiratory tract	97
significantly increased	97
informed consent	96
screening test	96
last years	96
amino acid	95
risk factor	95
tests performed	95
negative results	94
allergic reactions	94
cuff leak	94
red cross	93
atopic dermatitis	93
fresh frozen	93
laboratory tests	93
prick test	93
median age	92
novel coronavirus	92
allergic patients	92
platelet transfusion	92
significantly different	91
gold standard	91
antibody tests	91
results show	90
blood groups	90
time pcr	90
diagnostic testing	90
blood volume	90
stem cells	89
serological tests	89
two different	89
increased risk	88
house dust	88
adverse effects	88
predictive value	88
determine whether	88
per day	88
significant increase	88
transfusion practice	87
one patient	87
western blot	87
commonly used	87
serum samples	86
sickle cell	86
primary care	86
antibody screen	85
hcv rna	85
prick tests	84
nucleic acids	84
leak test	84
one year	84
large number	83
within hours	83
patients received	83
cell line	82
cell lines	82
significantly reduced	82
world health	82
logistic regression	82
cardiac surgery	82
positive cases	81
plasma samples	81
cord blood	81
results indicate	80
time donors	80
transfusion therapy	80
social distancing	80
ige levels	80
factor viii	80
emergency department	79
quality assurance	79
group system	79
contact tracing	79
cfu ml	79
transfusion reaction	78
patients receiving	78
dust mite	78
clinically relevant	78
donate blood	77
female donors	77
patients treated	77
monoclonal antibodies	77
retrospective study	77
high risk	77
old female	77
care unit	76
massive transfusion	76
data suggest	76
antibody test	76
positive result	76
recent years	76
reference laboratory	76
test performance	76
heart failure	76
sample preparation	75
disease control	75
health organization	74
well tolerated	74
blood sample	74
buffy coat	73
new york	73
safe blood	73
voluntary blood	73
high prevalence	73
blood cultures	73
direct antiglobulin	72
important role	72
class i	72
old male	72
immune system	72
skin tests	72
iron deficiency	72
blood banking	72
critically ill	71
antibody identification	71
hemolytic transfusion	71
antibody testing	71
see table	71
highly sensitive	70
monoclonal antibody	70
sample size	70
type i	70
respiratory syndrome	69
analyzed using	69
real time	69
two patients	69
clinical laboratory	69
rapid test	68
results obtained	68
rhd gene	68
white blood	68
standard deviation	67
previous studies	67
laboratory testing	67
flow assays	67
physical examination	67
statistical significance	67
flow assay	67
widely used	67
clinical microbiology	66
hematopoietic stem	66
pathogen inactivation	66
genomic dna	66
reference standard	65
per patient	65
clinical laboratories	65
even though	65
oxidative stress	65
mcg ml	65
blood transfusions	65
year period	65
two years	65
regression analysis	65
clinical trial	65
pathogen reduction	64
retrospective analysis	64
adult patients	64
results showed	64
patient samples	64
skin test	64
measured using	63
additive solution	63
donor screening	63
rapid diagnostic	63
respiratory viruses	63
buffy coats	62
olfactory function	62
test positive	62
clinical symptoms	62
spinal cord	62
per unit	62
medical records	62
severe acute	61
bact alert	61
platelet products	61
rhce ce	61
pediatric patients	61
test rate	60
infection rate	60
platelet counts	60
acid amplification	60
small number	60
cell count	60
ferritin levels	60
antigen expression	60
skin testing	60
indirect antiglobulin	60
high sensitivity	59
fully automated	59
broad spectrum	59
may lead	59
cell disease	59
confirmed cases	58
nasal spray	58
general hospital	58
abo blood	58
transfusion safety	58
may cause	58
first step	58
attack rate	58
monoclonal anti	58
tested using	57
acceleration index	57
negative test	57
pcr test	57
high frequency	57
apheresis platelets	57
respiratory rate	57
nursing home	57
plasma units	57
positive blood	57
cell culture	56
family history	56
pilot study	56
trauma patients	56
per test	56
molecular testing	56
cohort study	56
storage time	56
systematic reviews	56
platelet function	55
significant reduction	55
hbv infection	55
high level	55
confidence interval	55
two weeks	55
regional blood	55
ill patients	55
hb level	55
primary case	55
asthma symptoms	55
blood type	55
column agglutination	55
mrna expression	55
hemolytic anemia	55
allergic diseases	55
hla antibodies	55
endothelial cells	55
determined using	54
rapid tests	54
scansystem tm	54
hospitalized patients	54
laboratory test	54
posted june	54
significantly decreased	54
transfused patients	54
test methods	54
quality management	54
infection control	54
posted september	54
evaluated using	54
false positives	54
vitro activity	54
ml kg	54
asthma control	54
drug administration	54
platelets stored	53
viral infections	53
among patients	53
growth factor	53
repeat donors	53
serological testing	53
three months	53
confirmed positive	53
study showed	53
time points	53
abstract withdrawn	53
samples collected	53
blood management	53
negative blood	53
within days	52
blood count	52
wide range	52
sample collection	52
urinary tract	52
abo rh	52
reverse transcription	52
antigen detection	52
one case	52
old woman	52
ex vivo	52
severe asthma	52
tract infections	51
currently available	51
positive dat	51
specific igg	51
information system	51
trima accel	51
healthy dogs	51
airway obstruction	51
prospective study	51
fetal dna	51
plasma exchange	51
transfusion transmitted	51
adverse reaction	51
signal amplification	51
positive control	51
findings suggest	50
male donors	50
patient population	50
epithelial cells	50
significantly associated	50
per month	50
lung injury	50
hearing loss	50
test accuracy	50
testing capacity	50
also observed	50
hospital transfusion	50
may help	50
plt count	50
type ii	50
high dose	50
allergic asthma	50
storage period	50
cell concentrates	50
performance characteristics	50
dna damage	50
infected individuals	49
complete blood	49
blood centre	49
month period	49
healthy volunteers	49
airway inflammation	49
three years	49
mouse model	49
cell transplantation	49
abdominal pain	49
healthy donors	49
may occur	49
pcr testing	49
analysis showed	49
donated blood	49
nervous system	49
transmitted infections	49
generation sequencing	49
lung function	48
reactive protein	48
treated cells	48
samples tested	48
table shows	48
clinical studies	48
higher risk	48
treated rbcs	48
turnaround time	48
cell death	48
dendritic cells	48
adverse event	48
blood system	48
mast cell	48
patients without	48
previously reported	48
virus infection	48
igg antibodies	48
donor samples	48
positive antibody	48
blood establishments	48
low hb	48
medical history	48
six months	48
units per	48
respiratory symptoms	48
bronchial asthma	48
flow cytometric	48
hemolytic disease	48
gel test	47
therapeutic plasma	47
three patients	47
preliminary results	47
patient blood	47
cell transfusion	47
positivity rate	47
rhd genotyping	47
gene therapy	47
molecular weight	47
allogeneic blood	47
days post	47
pool size	47
high throughput	47
family members	47
food allergens	47
linear regression	47
viral rna	47
donor blood	47
rhd negative	47
disease severity	47
antimicrobial agents	47
heart rate	46
long term	46
years ago	46
group antigens	46
donor population	46
allergic reaction	46
rbc transfusions	46
pcr tests	46
post transfusion	46
fatality rate	46
bacterial growth	46
ms ms	46
solid phase	46
center background	46
susceptibility testing	46
escherichia coli	46
risk assessment	46
cell cultures	46
cell units	46
rapid detection	46
amino acids	46
birth weight	45
next generation	45
reported cases	45
healthcare system	45
study group	45
low levels	45
three different	45
clinical isolates	45
true positive	45
test probability	45
analysis using	45
first case	45
study included	45
breast cancer	45
significant antibodies	45
platelet units	45
one week	45
care testing	45
apheresis platelet	45
test food	45
persistent asthma	45
accuracy studies	45
assessed using	45
positive donations	45
healthy individuals	45
positive patients	44
multiple sclerosis	44
resource settings	44
liquid chromatography	44
single donor	44
patient safety	44
different countries	44
data analysis	44
time period	44
also found	44
patient outcomes	44
influenza virus	44
upper bound	44
significant decrease	44
negative control	44
antibody detection	44
platelet pools	44
confidence intervals	44
controlled trial	44
nursing homes	43
positive cells	43
data collection	43
platelet aggregation	43
positive donors	43
within minutes	43
study aimed	43
negative result	43
blood glucose	43
health authorities	43
different types	43
one study	43
th day	43
packed red	43
iron depletion	43
placebo group	43
testing methods	43
analysis revealed	43
isothermal amplification	43
pollen season	42
medical record	42
average number	42
food allergies	42
serum ige	42
serious adverse	42
tested negative	42
platelet storage	42
also performed	42
will also	42
clinical outcomes	42
blood grouping	42
respiratory infections	42
cell surface	42
high levels	42
multiplex pcr	42
effective treatment	42
quality system	42
respiratory virus	42
patient received	42
asymptomatic individuals	42
blood screening	42
tests per	42
terumo bct	42
microbiology laboratory	42
clinical outcome	42
rich plasma	42
significant changes	42
high incidence	41
cd expression	41
response rate	41
significant correlation	41
immunosorbent assay	41
heart disease	41
study population	41
platelet yield	41
molecular diagnostics	41
clinical use	41
high quality	41
serum levels	41
european countries	41
significant improvement	41
clinical data	41
renal failure	41
peanut allergy	41
based testing	41
platelet concentrate	41
acid testing	40
iron stores	40
hbc positive	40
relatively low	40
chest ct	40
vital signs	40
clinical performance	40
diabetes mellitus	40
platelet transfusions	40
identifi cation	40
cell proliferation	40
sir model	40
birch pollen	40
healthy controls	40
routine use	40
blood flow	40
normal range	40
secondary cases	40
molecular methods	40
gamma globulin	40
ionlast tm	39
united kingdom	39
serum ferritin	39
related symptoms	39
cd cell	39
chronic urticaria	39
anti hpa	39
mg day	39
clinical history	39
iron supplementation	39
antibody responses	39
wild type	39
five patients	39
among blood	39
observational study	39
clinical relevance	39
tertiary care	39
molecular techniques	39
hla class	39
using two	39
nasal congestion	39
hb levels	39
syndrome coronavirus	39
confirmatory testing	39
tissue culture	39
testing strategy	39
days later	39
plasma concentrations	39
well known	39
positive skin	39
may provide	39
resistant strains	39
platelet antigens	39
expression levels	39
old man	38
treatment groups	38
respiratory distress	38
transfusion center	38
income countries	38
bacterial screening	38
positive predictive	38
transfusion practices	38
extubation airway	38
bacterial infections	38
function tests	38
healthy subjects	38
negative controls	38
previously described	38
respiratory disease	38
protein expression	38
linked immunosorbent	38
cell antigens	38
donor recruitment	38
management system	38
decision making	38
ct scan	38
results demonstrate	38
posted may	38
rights reserved	38
times higher	38
testing using	38
mononuclear cells	38
inclusion criteria	38
machine learning	38
incubation period	37
patients showed	37
time blood	37
young children	37
i ii	37
lower bound	37
general practitioners	37
severe thrombocytopenia	37
surface antigen	37
milk allergy	37
cancer patients	37
much higher	37
increased significantly	37
higher prevalence	37
test sensitivity	37
negative predictive	37
gel electrophoresis	37
ige level	37
molecular diagnostic	37
pcr assay	37
study shows	37
cobe spectra	37
single nucleotide	37
clinical characteristics	37
hospital blood	37
window period	37
care tests	37
urine samples	37
total protein	37
mean value	37
platelet quality	37
clinical course	37
one day	37
extremely rare	37
compatible blood	37
enzyme treated	37
clinical features	36
taken together	36
platelet concentration	36
left ventricular	36
healthcare workers	36
multiple myeloma	36
control subjects	36
fecal samples	36
factors associated	36
past years	36
months later	36
data points	36
american red	36
low level	36
per week	36
large numbers	36
pulmonary edema	36
antimicrobial resistance	36
shelf life	36
cell viability	36
bacterial detection	36
serum albumin	36
healthcare professionals	36
health laboratories	36
cell separator	36
quality assessment	36
days prior	36
fold increase	36
information security	36
improve patient	36
apheresis procedures	36
zika virus	36
randomly selected	36
severe disease	36
clinical significance	36
nitric oxide	36
data collected	36
alloimmune thrombocytopenia	36
symptomatic patients	36
cell types	36
testing positive	36
tm platelet	36
platelet kit	36
patient management	36
differential diagnosis	36
upper respiratory	35
significant effect	35
clinical presentation	35
three times	35
haemolytic disease	35
dust mites	35
take place	35
infected samples	35
provocation test	35
rhd positive	35
transfusion associated	35
two samples	35
several studies	35
health system	35
reproduction number	35
time point	35
body mass	35
screening tests	35
detection limit	35
serum concentrations	35
internal medicine	35
may play	35
immune responses	35
three days	35
one month	35
asthmatic patients	35
four patients	35
future studies	35
high specificity	35
laboratory data	35
high titer	35
included patients	35
igg levels	35
mobile phone	35
transfusion recipients	35
antibiotic therapy	35
preliminary data	35
molecular recognition	34
magnetic resonance	34
hiv infection	34
treated patients	34
new cases	34
five years	34
clinical setting	34
new donors	34
may result	34
viral loads	34
viral hepatitis	34
coagulation factors	34
three groups	34
infected patients	34
specific antibody	34
naturally occurring	34
asthma severity	34
posted october	34
broth microdilution	34
also tested	34
magnetic nanoparticles	34
different blood	34
mean hb	34
residual risk	34
patients suffering	34
retrospective review	34
clinical samples	34
specific immunotherapy	34
dna samples	34
seasonal allergic	34
negative bacteria	33
potential risk	33
electronic medical	33
ml min	33
lung cancer	33
treatment period	33
routine blood	33
hypersensitivity reactions	33
viral inactivation	33
hiv positive	33
medical care	33
transfusion related	33
low prevalence	33
ige binding	33
limited settings	33
young people	33
positive correlation	33
many patients	33
scd patients	33
cell activation	33
cost per	33
mast cells	33
weight loss	33
group systems	33
working group	33
genetic testing	33
positive reactions	33
mean platelet	33
cerebrospinal fluid	33
reagent lots	33
performed according	33
sanger sequencing	33
normal rhd	33
hours post	32
several years	32
human plasma	32
neonatal alloimmune	32
case reports	32
randomized controlled	32
arachidonic acid	32
intravenous immunoglobulin	32
primary cases	32
poc tests	32
control study	32
egg white	32
last two	32
blood tests	32
vitro quality	32
infectious agents	32
blood collected	32
chart review	32
fatty acid	32
analytical sensitivity	32
donating blood	32
regular blood	32
molecular tests	32
current study	32
least two	32
corrective actions	32
central laboratory	32
standard operating	32
gram negative	32
nan doi	32
will need	32
vast majority	31
may contribute	31
patients may	31
last months	31
chronic disease	31
two cases	31
liver disease	31
hcv infection	31
respiratory syncytial	31
potential secondary	31
considered significant	31
transplant recipients	31
time spent	31
specific primers	31
control samples	31
significantly improved	31
tract infection	31
four different	31
previously tested	31
surgical procedures	31
dct methods	31
low risk	31
operating procedures	31
reported infections	31
large volume	31
national health	31
treatment group	31
symptom score	31
new technology	31
sectional study	31
piperacillin tazobactam	31
case study	31
host disease	31
deferred donors	31
myocardial infarction	31
similar results	31
selection criteria	31
clinical efficacy	31
index test	31
kg day	31
tests may	31
febrile illness	31
donor base	31
blood bags	31
based assays	31
will help	31
clinical diagnosis	31
antimicrobial susceptibility	31
recent studies	31
tube method	31
data indicate	31
clinical improvement	30
acid test	30
rapid antigen	30
antiviral drugs	30
olfactory dysfunction	30
agglutination technology	30
risk reduction	30
medical treatment	30
mayo clinic	30
reagent red	30
first two	30
quality improvement	30
czech republic	30
mechanical ventilation	30
nasopharyngeal swab	30
molecular mechanisms	30
eight patients	30
likelihood ratios	30
physical exam	30
will allow	30
medication use	30
standard methods	30
patient developed	30
transfusion protocol	30
may affect	30
medical staff	30
related complications	30
lower risk	30
two months	30
healthy control	30
two days	30
dna sequencing	30
blood derived	29
pseudomonas aeruginosa	29
antigen test	29
growth factors	29
allergic disease	29
common cause	29
transfusion vol	29
many cases	29
abo typing	29
low sensitivity	29
igm antibodies	29
testing rates	29
immune cells	29
transmission risk	29
data show	29
time consuming	29
utilization management	29
syncytial virus	29
population prevalence	29
developing world	29
pollen allergy	29
children aged	29
regular donors	29
control groups	29
contact dermatitis	29
human immunodeficiency	29
five days	29
female patient	29
interquartile range	29
average age	29
antibody titers	29
pulmonary disease	29
pcr amplification	29
odds ratio	29
surgery patients	29
circulatory overload	29
normal dogs	29
negative samples	29
based tests	29
care workers	29
asthma exacerbation	29
will require	29
units transfused	29
study demonstrated	29
diagnostic tools	29
many countries	29
probably due	29
automated blood	29
rbc antigens	29
hemoglobin levels	29
one unit	29
done using	29
drug allergy	29
allergic symptoms	29
symptom onset	29
nasal polyps	29
copies ml	29
clinical impact	29
one test	29
detection methods	29
control dogs	28
data obtained	28
mycobacterium tuberculosis	28
exclusion criteria	28
platelet components	28
published data	28
nat screening	28
controlled study	28
group size	28
pharmaceutical preparations	28
study suggests	28
antibiotic resistance	28
close contact	28
lupus erythematosus	28
transfusion policy	28
plasma volume	28
acute lung	28
may require	28
test rates	28
rare blood	28
food materials	28
pregnant woman	28
post mortem	28
rhd typing	28
significantly greater	28
dependent manner	28
clinical settings	28
south korea	28
investigate whether	28
body condition	28
based bct	28
male patient	28
routinely used	28
teaching hospital	28
clinical specimens	28
negative tests	28
molecular assays	28
serologic testing	28
calculated using	28
volume reduction	28
using flow	28
single dose	28
bleeding patients	28
ethnic groups	28
per rbc	28
one sample	28
ml per	28
median time	28
across different	28
health services	28
manual tube	28
russian federation	28
mediated isothermal	28
tests positive	28
relatively high	27
global health	27
soft tissue	27
mortality rate	27
repeat blood	27
supply chain	27
pretransfusion testing	27
genetic material	27
gold nanoparticles	27
seven days	27
prevalence among	27
rhd exons	27
differ significantly	27
gastrointestinal disease	27
aged years	27
different methods	27
central nervous	27
minute ventilation	27
positive controls	27
hemoglobin level	27
nasal symptoms	27
mean ae	27
clinical sensitivity	27
resistant staphylococcus	27
ige reactivity	27
post irradiation	27
test utilization	27
human serum	27
square test	27
two methods	27
seroconversion panels	27
plasma transfusion	27
one hour	27
patch test	27
repeated measures	27
large scale	27
care system	27
emergency use	27
plasma derivates	27
studies using	27
patients aged	27
screening testing	27
one single	27
pcr assays	27
phase ii	27
asymptomatic patients	27
positive reaction	27
cell separators	27
within normal	27
common causes	27
test method	27
lactate dehydrogenase	27
health insurance	27
replacement therapy	27
lymph nodes	27
inflammatory cytokines	27
autoimmune hemolytic	27
mean number	27
random variable	27
hpa antibodies	27
rare donor	27
bacterial culture	27
national guidelines	27
repeat testing	27
vitro studies	26
single unit	26
posted november	26
htlv i	26
asthma patients	26
group antigen	26
low frequency	26
testing strategies	26
smooth muscle	26
inventory management	26
enzyme immunoassay	26
national institute	26
immunodeficiency virus	26
negative rate	26
laboratory results	26
nccls guidelines	26
across countries	26
testing rate	26
platelet refractoriness	26
maternal plasma	26
limited number	26
results will	26
drug resistance	26
see sect	26
cell antibodies	26
clinical evaluation	26
smell function	26
health problem	26
weeks later	26
molecules per	26
transfusion testing	26
based methods	26
less frequent	26
spectra optia	26
computed tomography	26
cost effective	26
study evaluated	26
much lower	26
frequently used	26
platelet additive	26
cell free	26
screening assays	26
clinical response	26
compared using	26
venous blood	26
significant impact	26
donor deferral	26
anaphylactic reaction	26
patients will	26
old caucasian	26
patients admitted	26
european union	26
decreased significantly	26
worst case	26
mg bid	26
allergen immunotherapy	26
average acuity	26
sensorineural hearing	26
affected dogs	26
using different	26
consecutive days	26
irradiated blood	26
developing countries	26
statistical difference	26
life threatening	26
blood establishment	26
drug development	26
early stages	26
transcription factor	26
vestibular function	26
study aims	26
random variables	26
lower bounds	26
comparative study	26
samples obtained	26
storage lesion	25
twice daily	25
white cell	25
pulmonary function	25
animal model	25
analysed using	25
compatibility testing	25
diagnostic sensitivity	25
low dose	25
representative testing	25
policy makers	25
control measures	25
also included	25
raw data	25
controlled trials	25
may represent	25
lymph node	25
one hundred	25
major challenge	25
antibody response	25
reverse transcriptase	25
platelet content	25
age years	25
false negatives	25
posted august	25
specimen collection	25
test system	25
cells mm	25
safety profile	25
sexually transmitted	25
viral infection	25
patients underwent	25
well established	25
inhaled corticosteroids	25
flow cytometer	25
component therapy	25
collected using	25
less likely	25
apheresis donors	25
reactive samples	25
severe allergic	25
higher levels	25
antigen tests	25
gel cards	25
clinical care	25
limited data	25
reference range	25
internal control	25
eosinophil count	25
data management	25
new automated	25
rapid diagnosis	25
short period	25
appropriate use	25
south africa	25
new blood	25
chlamydia trachomatis	25
celiac disease	25
sequence analysis	25
weeks gestation	25
helicobacter pylori	25
automated system	25
mic mic	25
research software	25
animal models	25
cross blood	25
herd immunity	25
lower levels	25
intercept blood	25
white matter	25
exact test	25
antibiotic treatment	25
information regarding	25
may serve	24
recognition elements	24
patient identification	24
every day	24
pall ebds	24
exercise test	24
rbc unit	24
hospital admission	24
north america	24
azelastine nasal	24
hospital stay	24
plasmodium falciparum	24
also used	24
poisson subset	24
cell wall	24
external quality	24
often used	24
asthma medication	24
patients presented	24
rabies virus	24
dose response	24
six patients	24
relative risk	24
asthmatic children	24
high resolution	24
fatty acids	24
will provide	24
surface area	24
ultrio assay	24
transfusion centers	24
patient populations	24
donor return	24
plasma fractionation	24
pollen allergens	24
wound healing	24
viral particles	24
test negative	24
abo group	24
insulin resistance	24
fibrin glue	24
cell counts	24
normal saline	24
clinical decision	24
reference laboratories	24
rh typing	24
detection system	24
silver nanoparticles	24
significant association	24
antibody titer	24
total blood	24
studies showed	24
donor center	24
way anova	24
included studies	24
suspected cases	24
enveloped viruses	24
last year	24
using commercial	24
clinical manifestations	24
thalassemic patients	24
sample volume	24
standard serological	24
respiratory pathogens	24
fatality rates	24
electron microscopy	24
pooled platelet	24
testing data	24
donor cells	23
first months	23
mg daily	23
mean time	23
diagnostic assays	23
early detection	23
two units	23
based transfusion	23
university school	23
routine testing	23
magnetic beads	23
standard deviations	23
chronic rhinosinusitis	23
low molecular	23
better understand	23
congestive heart	23
left atrial	23
second wave	23
cardiac diseases	23
veterinary medicine	23
transfusion history	23
graphical displays	23
upsit scores	23
inhibitory concentration	23
two types	23
may vary	23
respiratory viral	23
laboratory diagnosis	23
anaphylactic reactions	23
stored platelets	23
erythrocyte antibodies	23
random sample	23
cde cde	23
cell adhesion	23
kg body	23
high affinity	23
cells ml	23
based detection	23
solid tumors	23
laboratory parameters	23
also showed	23
phase i	23
related acute	23
respiratory diseases	23
ten years	23
rhd beadchip	23
patient presented	23
major allergen	23
frequency antigens	23
deficient mice	23
magnetic field	23
health status	23
first report	23
final product	23
significance level	23
free fetal	23
iron overload	23
hours later	23
kidney disease	23
delayed hemolytic	23
challenge test	23
deferral rates	23
allergen challenge	23
storage conditions	23
among others	23
well documented	23
less sensitive	23
age range	23
monte carlo	23
laboratory findings	23
cost savings	23
endemic areas	23
rhinitis symptoms	23
fda approval	23
ige mediated	23
connective tissue	23
transmissible infections	23
regression models	23
streptococcus pneumoniae	23
screening program	23
human platelet	23
detection tests	23
early stage	23
blood specimens	23
component preparation	23
exchange transfusion	23
chronic hepatitis	23
method using	23
group ab	23
studies will	23
critical care	23
cell yield	23
allogenic blood	23
saharan africa	22
blot analysis	22
clinical utility	22
testing results	22
healthy adult	22
protective measures	22
umbilical cord	22
high rate	22
tree pollen	22
neonatal intensive	22
ml vs	22
showed significant	22
cell migration	22
cold storage	22
systemic lupus	22
primary endpoint	22
first study	22
million people	22
related adverse	22
quantum dots	22
allows us	22
tandem mass	22
corticosteroid therapy	22
single test	22
serum tt	22
study demonstrates	22
hcv antibodies	22
herpes simplex	22
hb content	22
laser desorption	22
nine patients	22
mental health	22
results may	22
fda approved	22
thrombin generation	22
gastric cancer	22
plasma levels	22
urgent need	22
rh phenotype	22
population level	22
rhd weak	22
emergency room	22
compatible platelets	22
higher number	22
caucasian population	22
practice guidelines	22
wbc count	22
reactive results	22
early diagnosis	22
class ii	22
expressing cells	22
active metabolite	22
coagulation factor	22
excessive bleeding	22
individual patient	22
serum total	22
marrow transplantation	22
vasovagal reactions	22
causative agent	22
also positive	22
antibody positive	22
motor neuron	22
nasal obstruction	22
african american	22
first week	22
investigated whether	22
previously published	22
neutralizing antibodies	22
donor deferrals	22
gram positive	22
drug allergies	22
based lateral	22
academic medical	22
widely available	22
donor safety	22
relative error	22
developed countries	22
chronic inflammation	22
published studies	22
renal function	22
process control	22
case fatality	22
care providers	22
positive impact	22
surgical patients	22
distancing measures	22
clinical suspicion	22
severe symptoms	22
complement activation	22
positive direct	22
cd count	22
plasma products	22
haemolytic anaemia	22
colorectal cancer	22
increasing number	22
enzyme activity	22
also significantly	22
derived platelets	22
total cost	22
following transfusion	22
breast milk	22
quality controls	22
allergic rhinoconjunctivitis	22
readily available	22
months prior	22
fold higher	22
mass index	22
information systems	21
using pcr	21
group ii	21
pediatric population	21
genotyping results	21
vista tm	21
rbc products	21
case series	21
platelet activation	21
patient reported	21
study will	21
three blood	21
serum cobalamin	21
bacterial pathogens	21
testing may	21
data demonstrate	21
lymphocyte count	21
virus growth	21
significant proportion	21
systemic reactions	21
binding sites	21
high concentrations	21
nk cell	21
magnetic cards	21
clinical status	21
apheresis procedure	21
cancer cells	21
health conditions	21
effective use	21
febrile non	21
routine clinical	21
ae sd	21
hospital capacity	21
many different	21
rate rgn	21
years period	21
rhd gamma	21
donor platelets	21
adverse transfusion	21
predonation hb	21
symptomatic individuals	21
sublingual immunotherapy	21
gamma irradiation	21
adverse outcomes	21
restrictive transfusion	21
new technologies	21
transgenic mice	21
give blood	21
low ferritin	21
throat swabs	21
polyclonal anti	21
data set	21
study using	21
mrsa strains	21
lockdown measures	21
dna testing	21
slightly lower	21
shear stress	21
dat positive	21
health workers	21
transfusion chain	21
may allow	21
autoimmune diseases	21
respiratory infection	21
cd deficiency	21
pool testing	21
took place	21
immature platelet	21
hand hygiene	21
transfusion guidelines	21
clinical picture	21
blood ordering	21
within min	21
useful tool	21
serial dilutions	21
thrombocytopenic patients	21
test foods	21
disease transmission	21
gram stain	21
old individuals	21
side effect	21
auc mic	21
sexual partners	21
literature review	21
retrospective chart	21
serum igg	21
typing results	21
test data	21
expected number	21
platelet rich	21
evidence suggests	21
final concentration	21
antibacterial activity	21
platelet loss	21
primed donor	21
disease progression	21
allergic subjects	21
three studies	21
hong kong	21
positive effect	21
finger prick	21
antibiotic use	21
drinking water	21
serological test	21
upper limit	21
higher frequency	21
transfusion strategy	21
anaphylactic shock	21
adipose tissue	21
blood mononuclear	21
critical role	21
total score	21
allergic conjunctivitis	21
treponema pallidum	21
cardiac function	21
group compared	21
young adults	21
mainly due	21
high doses	21
zikv rna	20
wbc counts	20
emergency blood	20
iron metabolism	20
allergy clinic	20
group tests	20
cell concentrate	20
control horses	20
may include	20
virus load	20
oral iron	20
return rates	20
biopsy specimens	20
molecular typing	20
hek cells	20
laboratory information	20
low cost	20
case group	20
metal nanoparticles	20
member states	20
plasma using	20
laboratory medicine	20
serum iron	20
tests showed	20
cardiac disease	20
total population	20
hospital patients	20
otherwise healthy	20
simultaneous detection	20
replacement donors	20
antigen negative	20
serology tests	20
american society	20
methods used	20
positive rates	20
bacterial infection	20
quantitative real	20
general anesthesia	20
mean serum	20
allowed us	20
academic year	20
scale testing	20
new tests	20
showed similar	20
time rt	20
allergic contact	20
tree nut	20
dna repair	20
plasma membrane	20
hybrid rhesus	20
signal generation	20
samples using	20
diagnostic criteria	20
cardiac hypertrophy	20
skin rash	20
test line	20
central blood	20
culture media	20
cross reactivity	20
samples showed	20
volunteer donors	20
high degree	20
two dogs	20
canadian blood	20
mrsa isolates	20
leucocyte depleted	20
serologic tests	20
transfusion institute	20
evidence based	20
stored rbcs	20
inflammatory response	20
rna detection	20
premature infants	20
receptor activation	20
clostridium difficile	20
marrow transplant	20
protective equipment	20
respiratory failure	20
nasal mucosa	20
transmitted diseases	20
prick testing	20
positive individuals	20
findings indicate	20
see appendix	20
long time	20
sensitive detection	20
core antigen	20
dtt treatment	20
tissue samples	20
mean score	20
roche cobas	20
patients using	20
supplementary table	20
respiratory panel	20
covid patients	20
antibody prevalence	20
symptom scores	20
microbiological quality	20
plt transfusions	20
results indicated	20
months post	20
donor plasma	20
group i	20
community hospital	20
presented data	20
using data	20
oral challenge	20
detected using	20
may suggest	20
timely manner	20
will lead	20
clinically important	20
latex allergy	20
potassium level	20
confounding factors	20
two studies	20
tidal volume	20
manual method	20
blood plasma	20
data showed	20
risk perception	20
rhd variant	20
molecular biology	20
times per	20
effective therapy	20
laryngeal edema	20
food challenge	20
rh blood	20
four years	20
old boy	20
atopic patients	20
hematopoietic cells	19
positive ana	19
detection limits	19
day post	19
much less	19
health systems	19
gold nanoparticle	19
rh system	19
may reduce	19
animal testing	19
strand breaks	19
national haemovigilance	19
coupled receptor	19
widespread use	19
potential donors	19
iron status	19
test may	19
complete resolution	19
bronchoalveolar lavage	19
new therapeutic	19
infection rates	19
transfusion support	19
body temperature	19
rhd zygosity	19
two tests	19
low number	19
closed system	19
innate immunity	19
high school	19
signal transduction	19
assisted laser	19
also determined	19
found positive	19
rapid testing	19
using elisa	19
screening method	19
selectin expression	19
antimicrobial stewardship	19
chronic inflammatory	19
molecular analysis	19
asthma diagnosis	19
wallis test	19
average positivity	19
three weeks	19
lateral sclerosis	19
procleix ultrio	19
platelet collection	19
healthy horses	19
donor health	19
tested patients	19
university medical	19
different stages	19
detection threshold	19
epidemiological studies	19
acid sequence	19
new approach	19
agar plates	19
million inhabitants	19
human blood	19
additional data	19
mic ratio	19
rh antigens	19
io catheter	19
local blood	19
lactate production	19
igm igg	19
homologous blood	19
following criteria	19
ad patients	19
rural areas	19
irregular antibodies	19
received blood	19
mean volume	19
discrepant results	19
four months	19
study performed	19
additional studies	19
basophil activation	19
mic values	19
quality indicators	19
tests required	19
available data	19
th percentile	19
study provides	19
free dna	19
data file	19
alkaline phosphatase	19
total plasma	19
expiratory flow	19
previous study	19
may reflect	19
middle east	19
vitro methods	19
detection using	19
panel cells	19
neurological association	19
laboratory services	19
significant change	19
tumor cells	19
rgn initial	19
american neurological	19
platelet inventory	19
low rate	19
higher rate	19
image analysis	19
donors aged	19
case illustrates	19
posterior distribution	19
task force	19
previous years	19
descriptive statistics	19
hospital based	19
amyotrophic lateral	19
specific antigens	19
hiv ag	19
test kits	19
care units	19
blood sampling	19
social media	19
made using	19
molecular basis	19
male donor	19
every weeks	19
amotosalen uva	19
flow immunoassay	19
physical distancing	19
mitral valve	19
several days	19
theragnostic tests	19
antibody specificity	19
serum periostin	19
pd patients	19
syphilis screening	19
species level	19
receptor antagonist	19
showed high	19
kg dose	19
toxic effects	19
skin biopsy	19
oral food	19
infected donors	19
ag ab	19
malaria diagnosis	19
health sciences	19
immunosuppressive therapy	19
uncontrolled asthma	19
additional testing	19
igm positive	19
health policy	19
hla typing	19
transfusion trigger	19
blood conservation	19
intrauterine transfusions	19
desorption ionization	19
patients presenting	19
medical practice	19
graft versus	19
primer pairs	19
null hypothesis	19
model parameters	19
nasal swabs	19
data will	19
positivity rates	18
inflammatory bowel	18
cold antibodies	18
patient sample	18
survival time	18
ethics committee	18
different tests	18
least days	18
blood testing	18
large community	18
transfusion transmission	18
igg molecules	18
anemic patients	18
research institute	18
free haemoglobin	18
antibodies anti	18
del phenotype	18
blood stem	18
skeletal muscle	18
alert system	18
young age	18
drug resistant	18
different levels	18
rbc collection	18
normal controls	18
major surgery	18
normal distribution	18
hla antibody	18
process time	18
tube testing	18
online survey	18
positive individual	18
detection method	18
cell panel	18
culture bottles	18
serological assays	18
multiple transfusions	18
rhd variants	18
antiviral activity	18
normally distributed	18
testing program	18
vitro model	18
care hospital	18
resonance imaging	18
based assay	18
one donor	18
tested samples	18
ns ns	18
direct detection	18
fuzzy data	18
transfusion committee	18
severe persistent	18
hyperthyroid cats	18
virus transmission	18
odor identification	18
clinical situations	18
staphylococcus epidermidis	18
group received	18
quantitative pcr	18
wt wt	18
covid hospital	18
lower limit	18
last decade	18
optimised scansystem	18
clinical evidence	18
internal controls	18
methylene blue	18
nucleotide polymorphisms	18
educational level	18
ige antibodies	18
two hours	18
lst system	18
death rate	18
laboratory practice	18
hev rna	18
general hospitals	18
hematology analyzer	18
healthcare systems	18
assess whether	18
detection systems	18
odds ratios	18
patients requiring	18
commercial laboratories	18
pulmonary hypertension	18
plasma concentration	18
preoperative autologous	18
considered positive	18
well understood	18
unit testing	18
nat testing	18
reference method	18
since last	18
west nile	18
tests using	18
based blood	18
transfused units	18
short time	18
screening results	18
energy transfer	18
likely due	18
human health	18
dtc covid	18
grade i	18
less severe	18
test monotonicity	18
transfusion hepatitis	18
wb units	18
severe cases	18
four weeks	18
raw materials	18
become available	18
provide information	18
case management	18
fuzzy numbers	18
blood bag	18
randomly assigned	18
reactive oxygen	18
gambro bct	18
therapeutic option	18
symptoms onset	18
increased sensitivity	18
local population	18
studies included	18
data support	18
noble metal	18
care diagnostics	18
poc test	18
major role	18
tested rgn	18
poc diagnostics	18
better understanding	18
leukocyte antibodies	18
showed higher	18
low blood	18
virus type	18
among non	18
igg igm	18
photochemical treatment	18
cell transfusions	18
asymptomatic screening	18
management systems	18
rapid point	18
partial ds	18
treated red	18
cytotoxic effects	18
standard test	18
mds patients	18
disease diagnostics	18
proinflammatory cytokines	18
therapeutic approach	18
mg qd	18
rhd exon	18
asymptomatic fraction	18
operative infections	18
coronary artery	18
architect i	18
emerging infectious	18
cat dander	18
published literature	18
theraflex mb	18
transfusion laboratory	18
directive ec	18
coagulation parameters	18
case definition	18
commonly encountered	18
th centile	18
sudden sensorineural	18
lower respiratory	18
elderly patients	18
laboratory utilization	18
alternative methods	18
hospitalized rgn	18
bile acid	18
serum creatinine	18
increased susceptibility	18
minimum inhibitory	18
relatively small	18
monolisa hcv	18
test systems	18
seasonal influenza	18
donor retention	18
diagnostic performance	18
patients died	18
clinical importance	18
autovue innova	18
hcv nat	18
hbv nat	18
study conducted	18
catheter insertion	18
using standard	18
sensitized patients	18
outcome review	18
type diabetes	18
poorly understood	18
inh titre	18
allele frequencies	18
colony forming	17
hb values	17
negative donors	17
south african	17
female donor	17
automated testing	17
rhd immunization	17
estimated using	17
samples taken	17
platelet specific	17
cytokine production	17
health measures	17
following treatment	17
storage duration	17
pf antibody	17
two consecutive	17
also seen	17
test program	17
nasal polyposis	17
cd high	17
free diet	17
another study	17
severe reaction	17
significantly correlated	17
procedures performed	17
rating scale	17
study investigated	17
clart pneumovir	17
gestational age	17
transferrin saturation	17
nosocomial infections	17
patients diagnosed	17
transcription factors	17
donor platelet	17
data available	17
one rbc	17
antibody screens	17
tube methods	17
second group	17
evaluate whether	17
oxygen species	17
additional tests	17
dat negative	17
matched controls	17
approved cleared	17
rapid molecular	17
individual tests	17
cmv igg	17
oral administration	17
cell lymphoma	17
among women	17
higher among	17
treatment option	17
different time	17
chi square	17
demographic data	17
cells expressing	17
gel card	17
identified using	17
net rgn	17
currently used	17
pcr positive	17
haemolytic transfusion	17
controlled clinical	17
disease dynamics	17
random donor	17
positively tested	17
donors will	17
protein synthesis	17
international guidelines	17
repeated blood	17
titer anti	17
epithelial cell	17
test capacity	17
oxygen delivery	17
information obtained	17
cardiac fibroblasts	17
data concerning	17
many studies	17
high rates	17
next step	17
studies suggest	17
volume processed	17
also evaluated	17
observed data	17
recurrent infections	17
serious complications	17
decision support	17
human lung	17
rejuvenation solution	17
immediate spin	17
every days	17
clinical conditions	17
reported symptoms	17
southeast asia	17
term care	17
cow milk	17
natural history	17
laboratory staff	17
high number	17
positive bacteria	17
selected patients	17
randomised controlled	17
correlation coefficient	17
seven patients	17
agar dilution	17
hbc negative	17
hospital background	17
significant role	17
cell type	17
igg antibody	17
manufacturing process	17
angiotensin ii	17
transfusion strategies	17
pollen counts	17
multivariate analysis	17
five percent	17
anaplasma phagocytophilum	17
volunteer blood	17
i sr	17
slightly higher	17
new method	17
cell salvage	17
western blotting	17
also known	17
collected data	17
transcript levels	17
recent study	17
pool designs	17
patient underwent	17
spike protein	17
ae ml	17
testing procedures	17
ground truth	17
rhinitis patients	17
viral respiratory	17
days storage	17
high cost	17
pol ii	17
plasma replacement	17
normal levels	17
perceived risk	17
erythrocyte concentrates	17
detection probes	17
reinforced composites	17
cell antibody	17
blood centres	17
every months	17
will facilitate	17
microsatellite instability	17
coupled receptors	17
molecular test	17
pancreatic cancer	17
retrospective cohort	17
autoimmune haemolytic	17
without clinical	17
cardiac remodeling	17
assay using	17
facs analysis	17
test using	17
pcr method	17
silver enhancement	17
increased number	17
desensitization protocol	17
receive blood	17
statistical analyses	17
macrolide resistance	17
correct diagnosis	17
vox sang	17
donations per	17
susceptible population	17
test goals	17
inflammatory diseases	17
skin lesions	17
mean duration	17
see chapter	17
receiver operating	17
myeloid leukemia	17
rank test	17
voluntary non	17
von willebrand	17
extracellular matrix	17
cell patients	17
vitro diagnostic	17
closely related	17
may induce	17
showed increased	17
rna testing	17
ethylene glycol	17
third generation	17
two additional	17
antibodies using	17
poc testing	17
million donations	17
clinical information	17
amplification tests	17
treatment options	17
antigen typing	17
patients included	17
serum cortisol	16
transfusion purpura	16
different regions	16
interpreted according	16
rbc alloimmunization	16
transfusion protocols	16
cell apheresis	16
primary studies	16
allergic response	16
individual donation	16
potential benefits	16
response rates	16
turnaround times	16
outpatient clinic	16
beckman coulter	16
elisa test	16
th week	16
year history	16
generalized urticaria	16
flow chart	16
adoption rates	16
hcv antibody	16
main reason	16
lower sensitivity	16
one dog	16
allergen exposure	16
irregular antibody	16
ko mice	16
rhd alleles	16
months old	16
hospitalized infectious	16
clinical diagnostics	16
one third	16
regulatory requirements	16
cells treated	16
definitive diagnosis	16
physical activity	16
time since	16
simplex virus	16
rbc exchange	16
severe transfusion	16
female patients	16
viral culture	16
validation studies	16
significantly less	16