bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
respiratory syndrome	2648
porcine reproductive	2497
syndrome virus	2152
prrsv infection	676
immune response	498
immune responses	407
infected pigs	352
infected cells	295
virus infection	281
virus replication	260
prrsv replication	254
type i	253
viral rna	230
prrsv nsp	217
north american	211
alveolar macrophages	211
prrsv strain	200
innate immune	192
gene expression	187
structural proteins	178
prrsv strains	177
influenza virus	176
neutralizing antibodies	172
highly pathogenic	164
viral replication	156
amino acid	155
immune system	150
rna viruses	147
pigs infected	145
porcine circovirus	141
dendritic cells	141
antiviral activity	139
lelystad virus	138
clinical signs	133
nucleocapsid protein	129
cell culture	127
viral infection	127
united states	125
porcine respiratory	124
mg ml	123
equine arteritis	122
arteritis virus	121
present study	119
adaptive immune	118
porcine alveolar	117
western blot	115
respiratory disease	114
rna virus	110
antibody response	109
structural protein	109
nonstructural protein	108
cord uid	105
dub activity	105
doc id	105
vaccinated pigs	102
lymph nodes	102
porcine epidemic	101
type prrsv	101
time pcr	100
well plates	100
described previously	99
prrsv rna	98
prrs virus	98
gp protein	97
prrsv isolates	97
innate immunity	96
tcid ml	95
i ifn	94
circovirus type	91
genomic rna	91
amino acids	91
total rna	89
cell line	88
open reading	87
rna synthesis	85
significantly higher	85
control group	84
viral infections	83
protein expression	83
pathogenic porcine	83
cd cd	82
previous studies	82
three times	82
lung lesions	81
performed using	81
swine influenza	81
vero cells	80
reproductive failure	79
modified live	79
viral proteins	78
clinical disease	78
oral fluid	78
days post	78
important role	78
time rt	78
swine industry	77
tissue culture	77
fever virus	77
time points	77
antibody titers	76
transmissible gastroenteritis	76
protective immunity	75
previously described	75
lactate dehydrogenase	74
elevating virus	74
host immune	73
monoclonal antibody	73
lipid rafts	72
prrsv genome	72
neutralizing antibody	71
stranded rna	71
challenged pigs	71
strain vr	71
control pigs	70
viral genome	70
serum samples	70
interstitial pneumonia	69
mm tris	69
bovine serum	69
lymphoid tissues	68
treated cells	68
dependent manner	67
syndrome viruses	67
virus entry	66
statistically significant	66
i interferon	66
atcc vr	66
swine infertility	65
antibody responses	65
room temperature	65
diarrhea virus	64
inhibitory effect	64
prrsv vaccine	64
expression levels	64
family arteriviridae	64
epidemic diarrhea	64
pseudorabies virus	63
epithelial cells	63
nk cells	62
significant differences	62
cell responses	62
immune cells	62
respiratory coronavirus	62
inflammatory cytokines	61
acute respiratory	61
proinflammatory cytokines	61
dko pigs	61
sg mrna	61
results showed	60
adaptive immunity	60
viral loads	60
respiratory tract	59
virus vaccine	59
persistent infection	59
economic losses	58
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	58
host cell	58
nonstructural proteins	58
negative control	58
endoplasmic reticulum	58
monoclonal antibodies	58
ifn signaling	58
swine fever	57
rna polymerase	57
strand rna	57
gastroenteritis virus	57
pam cultures	57
genetic diversity	57
gnotobiotic pigs	57
cell lysates	56
peripheral blood	56
life cycle	56
oral fluids	56
severe acute	56
disease virus	56
lymph node	55
prrsv gp	55
kv adj	55
infectious cdna	54
reverse transcription	54
per ml	54
subgenomic mrna	53
cells transfected	53
additional file	53
viral protein	53
current study	52
type porcine	52
mm nacl	52
cdna clone	52
cell surface	51
protective immune	51
cells infected	51
reading frames	51
primary pams	51
vaccine development	50
porcine nidovirus	50
order nidovirales	50
signaling pathway	50
like receptor	50
target cells	49
vaccinated animals	49
goat anti	49
experimental infection	49
swine disease	49
humoral immune	49
virus strain	49
economic impact	49
analyzed using	49
virus particles	48
mononuclear cells	48
host innate	48
virus strains	48
virus isolates	48
isolate atcc	48
plasma membrane	48
infected animals	48
differentially expressed	48
infectious clone	48
body weight	47
significantly reduced	47
lymphoid organs	47
prrsv vaccines	47
cell death	46
prrsv antigens	46
viral load	46
mediated immune	46
genbank accession	46
secondary antibody	46
blot analysis	46
host cells	45
prrsv isolate	45
virus titers	45
vaccine strain	45
eav nsp	45
positive cells	45
vn antibodies	44
maternal antibodies	44
pathogenic prrsv	44
gp fr	44
hemorrhagic fever	44
nuclear translocation	44
north america	44
prrsv infected	44
prrsv helicase	44
pigs vaccinated	44
virus nucleocapsid	43
inflammatory response	43
signaling pathways	43
prrsv may	43
secreting cells	43
previous study	43
specific antibody	43
like particles	43
escherichia coli	42
infected fetuses	42
experimentally infected	42
class i	42
type ii	42
significant difference	42
significantly increased	42
pam cells	42
nucleic acid	42
transcription factor	42
atpase activity	42
van reeth	41
nb activation	41
mystery swine	41
simian hemorrhagic	41
virus production	41
inoculated pigs	41
mouse igg	41
significantly lower	41
cellular cholesterol	41
taken together	41
field isolates	41
cells expressing	41
infected marc	41
genome replication	41
cl protease	41
transfected cells	41
virus porcine	40
group pigs	40
virus vaccines	40
cd cells	40
dependent rna	40
culture supernatants	40
syndrome coronavirus	40
american type	40
cytokine production	40
orf gene	40
mrna synthesis	40
fetal bovine	40
mtb wcl	40
vaccinia virus	39
molecular biology	39
sequence analysis	39
hela cells	39
specific antibodies	39
cleavage activity	39
higher levels	39
cell viability	39
results indicated	39
high levels	39
nucleotide sequence	39
determine whether	39
highly conserved	39
causative agent	39
washed three	39
envelope proteins	38
reading frame	38
crystal structure	38
cell types	38
time point	38
infected pams	38
among prrsv	38
streptococcus suis	38
classical swine	38
lysis buffer	38
cell response	37
virus type	37
virus neutralizing	37
prrsv antigen	37
viral clearance	37
cellular immune	37
even though	37
sdd motif	37
pcr products	37
inactivated prrsv	37
may also	37
cell epitopes	37
chimeric vlps	36
live virus	36
culture medium	36
different prrsv	36
copy numbers	36
membrane protein	36
transcript abundance	36
pig groups	36
independent experiments	36
applied biosystems	36
persistently infected	36
marc cells	36
mrna transcription	36
medium containing	35
determined using	35
swine herds	35
virus titer	35
plp dub	35
disease complex	35
highly virulent	35
isolator piglets	35
i ifns	35
prrsv proteins	35
thermo fisher	35
buffered saline	35
washed twice	35
cell activation	34
santa cruz	34
mouth disease	34
signal transduction	34
prrsv infections	34
positive control	34
derived dendritic	34
blood mononuclear	34
nsp protein	34
european isolates	34
fusion protein	34
sybr green	34
virus gp	34
strain jxwn	34
akt pathway	34
proteolytic processing	34
ng ml	34
specific ifn	34
porcine arterivirus	33
immunodeficiency virus	33
pigs inoculated	33
endoribonuclease activity	33
protein response	33
sg mrnas	33
virus nonstructural	33
cysteine protease	33
cells grown	33
culture supernatant	33
two different	32
standard curve	32
unfolded protein	32
membrane cholesterol	32
presenting cells	32
dendritic cell	32
sialic acid	32
results suggest	32
epidemic abortion	32
heterologous prrsv	32
virus infectivity	32
mrna expression	32
genetic variation	32
sense rna	32
pigs exposed	32
experimental reproduction	32
wt pigs	32
cold pbs	32
immune evasion	31
pg ml	31
high fever	31
industry worldwide	31
flow cytometry	31
human immunodeficiency	31
lung tissue	31
respiratory signs	31
life technologies	31
following infection	31
control animals	31
mouse anti	31
cell proliferation	31
secondary bacterial	31
quantitative real	31
reverse transcriptase	31
growing pigs	31
infectious virus	31
rabbit anti	31
acute phase	30
glycosylation sites	30
statistical significance	30
prrsv variants	30
pregnant sows	30
negative controls	30
expressing prrsv	30
data indicate	30
european porcine	30
envelope protein	30
proteins encoded	30
subgenomic mrnas	30
equine influenza	30
plant extracts	30
nitric oxide	30
dengue virus	30
gp proteins	30
american prrsv	30
post infection	30
reverse genetics	30
cell lines	30
based vaccine	29
lung tissues	29
nsp nsp	29
three independent	29
acid residues	29
mhc class	29
genes involved	29
virus infections	29
mucosal immune	29
host response	29
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	29
porcine nidoviruses	29
mrna levels	29
viral titers	29
culture plates	29
inflammatory cytokine	29
virus attachment	29
cytopathic effect	28
animal care	28
results indicate	28
prrsv challenge	28
live porcine	28
active site	28
viral entry	28
tb wcl	28
mycobacterium tuberculosis	28
virus genome	28
fresh medium	28
plasmid dna	28
gp ecto	28
alexa fluor	28
mutant viruses	28
recombinant baculovirus	28
lung lesion	28
critical role	28
authors declare	28
may play	28
cholesterol depletion	28
statistical analysis	28
rna replication	28
lymphoid tissue	28
prrsv antibody	28
herpes simplex	28
prrs mlv	28
cells treated	28
mrna level	28
partial protection	28
per well	27
luciferase reporter	27
ifn production	27
two groups	27
calculated using	27
binding protein	27
glycyrrhizic acid	27
monocytes macrophages	27
proteolytic activity	27
monkey kidney	27
virus isolation	27
arterivirus nsp	27
specific mab	27
vaccine virus	27
infectious clones	27
nk cell	27
bacterial infections	27
killed prrsv	27
er stress	27
i interferons	27
atypical prrs	27
ifn induction	27
nidovirus infection	27
lung homogenate	27
prrsv orf	27
virulent strain	26
cells inoculated	26
expressing gp	26
different time	26
cell cultures	26
well plate	26
lps administration	26
growth kinetics	26
igg antibody	26
swine production	26
igg antibodies	26
vaccine efficacy	26
early stage	26
prrsv alone	26
prrsv rjxwn	26
prrsv plp	26
measured using	26
septal macrophages	26
serine protease	26
replication cycle	26
prrsv genomic	26
arterivirus replicase	26
internal control	26
porcine cd	26
fisher scientific	26
containing mm	26
inhibit prrsv	26
samples collected	26
prrsv field	26
bronchoalveolar lavage	26
closely related	26
results obtained	26
cell population	26
respiratory virus	25
cov nsp	25
key role	25
western blotting	25
also observed	25
regulatory factor	25
stomatitis virus	25
ion channel	25
pig model	25
protease domain	25
dnase i	25
horseradish peroxidase	25
american strains	25
plaque assay	25
alpha beta	25
acid sequence	25
another study	25
enhanced replication	25
pp ab	25
length cdna	25
cellular proteins	25
european genotype	25
virus comparison	25
hcl ph	25
virus rna	25
plasma cells	25
kag vaccine	25
antiviral effect	25
also known	25
situ hybridization	25
gp ectodomain	25
nested set	25
vesicular stomatitis	25
cell membrane	25
cdna clones	25
terminal region	25
mammalian cells	25
intranasal delivery	25
nsp mutants	24
pigs compared	24
syncytial virus	24
parental virus	24
coding region	24
state university	24
virulent strains	24
coding regions	24
vn titers	24
infectious bronchitis	24
viral pathogens	24
hepatitis virus	24
den boon	24
based vaccines	24
simplex virus	24
secondary infections	24
th cells	24
stimulated genes	24
infectious agents	24
necrosis factor	24
pedv infection	24
porcine ifn	24
rna genome	24
viral genomic	24
rna recombination	24
nuclear localization	24
ge healthcare	24
prrsv infectivity	24
progeny virus	24
kindly provided	24
two major	24
significantly inhibited	24
respiratory syncytial	24
accession number	24
knu cells	24
interferon regulatory	24
linked immunosorbent	24
coding sequence	24
significant economic	24
dmem containing	24
inhibited prrsv	23
pcr product	23
leader sequence	23
plasmacytoid dendritic	23
iga antibodies	23
prrsv challenged	23
inflammatory responses	23
primers used	23
better understanding	23
pcr amplification	23
sf cells	23
significant increase	23
acute infection	23
european prrsv	23
day post	23
prrsv infectious	23
reproductive syndrome	23
viral titer	23
recent studies	23
oxidative stress	23
commercial vaccines	23
live vaccine	23
viral envelope	23
specific group	23
pfu ml	23
cellular membrane	23
natural killer	23
differential expression	23
virus characterization	23
virus induces	23
hek cells	23
sequence identity	23
blood samples	23
respiratory distress	23
viral antigen	23
directed mutagenesis	23
virulent prrsv	23
nendou activity	22
van dinten	22
immunized animals	22
virus nsp	22
five times	22
neonatal pigs	22
chinese highly	22
prrsv specific	22
control cells	22
cd expression	22
immunosorbent assay	22
protein kinase	22
conjugated goat	22
trizol reagent	22
polyubiquitin chains	22
antibody production	22
mediated immunity	22
prrsv vr	22
cell populations	22
us porcine	22
antigen presentation	22
alveolar macrophage	22
passive transfer	22
irf activation	22
economically important	22
antiviral response	22
neutralizing activity	22
conventional pigs	22
protein levels	22
cytokine responses	22
prrsv clpro	22
attenuated prrsv	22
adjuvanted np	22
like protease	22
pcr assay	22
intravascular macrophages	22
bronchitis virus	22
respiratory diseases	22
vaccine delivery	22
many viruses	22
humoral response	22
poorly understood	22
dual infections	21
body temperature	21
performed according	21
prrsv pathogenesis	21
chimeric virus	21
passive immunity	21
culture infectious	21
exposed pigs	21
chain reaction	21
well tissue	21
field conditions	21
human coronavirus	21
ex vivo	21
res doi	21
serum albumin	21
infectious diseases	21
log tcid	21
two continents	21
nsp inhibits	21
lung damage	21
unparalleled outbreaks	21
fold change	21
porcine macrophages	21
regulated genes	21
crl cells	21
previous reports	21
dependent enhancement	21
taqman probe	21
mock infected	21
infected piglets	21
tracheobronchial lymph	21
high mortality	21
day pi	21
nucleic acids	21
cell lysate	21
tissue samples	21
porcine parvovirus	21
prrsv entry	21
pigs porcine	21
containing fbs	21
membrane proteins	21
natural infection	21
arterivirus replication	21
specific immune	21
infl uenza	21
conserved among	21
investigate whether	21
generated using	21
primer pairs	21
scavenger receptor	21
considered statistically	20
animal health	20
among different	20
unique hallmark	20
study showed	20
cell monolayers	20
human rotavirus	20
purified using	20
bd biosciences	20
subgenomic rnas	20
serially diluted	20
cells cultured	20
nb pathway	20
pigs persistently	20
empty vector	20
virus challenge	20
delivery systems	20
mlv vaccine	20
pigs showed	20
thai medicinal	20
prrsv titers	20
interferon signaling	20
weeks post	20
signalling pathway	20
graphpad prism	20
bal fluid	20
foreign gene	20
control prrsv	20
veterinary medicine	20
immune dysregulation	20
molecular cloning	20
homogeneous subpopulation	20
specific igg	20
fatal prrsv	20
cells using	20
pulmonary alveolar	20
final concentration	20
virus yield	20
gdd motif	20
complement activation	20
previously reported	20
large white	20
genotype prrsv	20
increased expression	20
also found	20
prrsv activity	20
culture media	20
protective efficacy	20
molecular dissection	20
data suggest	20
virus neutralization	20
polymerase chain	20
per group	20
permissive cells	20
whole cell	20
lung parenchyma	20
expression vector	20
prrs vaccine	20
viral particles	20
ros production	20
body junction	20
recombinant prrsv	20
cell signaling	19
spontaneous mutations	19
prrsv nucleocapsid	19
wt nsp	19
mucosal immunity	19
pigs experimentally	19
cells per	19
specific pathogen	19
based real	19
heterologous gene	19
deletion mutants	19
prrsv olot	19
pdcov infection	19
african swine	19
potent adjuvant	19
derived macrophages	19
following prrsv	19
expression system	19
antibody levels	19
prrsv sequences	19
localization signal	19
membrane vesicles	19
beta interferon	19
pbs containing	19
infectious dose	19
coronavirus nsp	19
type nsp	19
secondary structure	19
humoral immunity	19
reverse primer	19
significant reduction	19
nsp proteins	19
commercially available	19
viral diseases	19
two genotypes	19
african green	19
gp ep	19
antigen presenting	19
firefly luciferase	19
insect cells	19
gp gp	19
young pigs	19
virus date	19
live vaccines	19
dna sequencing	19
green monkey	19
different times	19
using lipofectamine	19
prrsv mn	19
targeting nsp	19
polyclonal antibody	19
viral life	19
protein synthesis	19
molecular characterization	19
severe disease	19
experimental conditions	19
divergent evolution	19
inhibits prrsv	19
antiviral activities	19
gel electrophoresis	19
pcr assays	19
recent study	19
new order	19
challenge infection	19
immunofluorescence assay	19
several studies	19
bone marrow	18
selective pressure	18
bacterial pathogens	18
histocompatibility complex	18
tmp peptide	18
iga antibody	18
data obtained	18
inhibits porcine	18
prrsv inoculation	18
supporting information	18
current knowledge	18
immunological responses	18
expression profiles	18
na gp	18
rabbit igg	18
american isolates	18
copy number	18
prrs viruses	18
microscopic lung	18
cdna synthesis	18
mutational analysis	18
electron microscopy	18
wild type	18
lavage fluid	18
protein coding	18
producing cells	18
major envelope	18
differential production	18
pcr using	18
prrsv particles	18
data indicated	18
agarose gel	18
second lps	18
expression plasmids	18
rtgev vectors	18
arteriviridae family	18
porcine monocyte	18
inhibit ifn	18
san diego	18
dually infected	18
comprising coronaviridae	18
four pigs	18
order comprising	18
genomic cdna	18
nsp gene	18
error bars	18
significantly decreased	18
infected cell	18
co incubator	18
lesion scores	18
recombination events	18
cleavage site	18
monitored daily	18
recombinant proteins	18
rna extraction	18
binding activity	18
major histocompatibility	18
different strains	18
poly i	18
significantly elevated	18
luciferase activity	18
untranslated region	18
mini kit	18
fluorescence microscope	18
exogenous cholesterol	18
stat stat	18
standard deviations	18
since prrsv	18
like receptors	18
infectious prrsv	17
ctl epitopes	17
protein encoded	17
american strain	17
contact pigs	17
vn antibody	17
mutant virus	17
widely used	17
broadly neutralizing	17
recombinant porcine	17
old pigs	17
encephalitis virus	17
mouse hepatitis	17
naturally infected	17
primary antibody	17
indirect immunofluorescence	17
fluid samples	17
tcid per	17
infected groups	17
differences among	17
results demonstrated	17
induced apoptosis	17
prrsv antibodies	17
lung viral	17
live prrsv	17
jak stat	17
quantitative rt	17
immune cell	17
using trizol	17
oxyanion hole	17
vaccinated groups	17
antiviral effects	17
hypervariable region	17
pcr analysis	17
interferon production	17
bal cells	17
genotype i	17
catalytic activity	17
deep sequencing	17
cytokine levels	17
rna isolation	17
one pig	17
producing countries	17
three groups	17
cleavage sites	17
indicated times	17
host responses	17
cell cytotoxicity	17
fusion proteins	17
clinical symptoms	17
molecular weight	17
sterilizing immunity	17
japanese encephalitis	17
viral challenge	17
compare lanes	17
investigated whether	17
small intestine	17
go terms	17
pig lungs	17
obtained using	17
replication complex	17
wt group	17
complete genome	17
data presented	17
tl co	17
transmembrane proteins	17
inactivated vaccine	17
st cells	17
conjugated anti	17
antibody repertoire	17
infected macrophages	16
forward primer	16
respiratory viral	16
myeloid cells	16
virus challenged	16
virus titre	16
mucosal surfaces	16
novel structural	16
mean group	16
prrsv replicase	16
influenza viruses	16
start codon	16
nsp tf	16
barr virus	16
heterologous challenge	16
buffered formalin	16
vaccine induced	16
thymic atrophy	16
total number	16
three different	16
master mix	16
time quantitative	16
pigs coinfected	16
virus encoded	16
expression plasmid	16
type iii	16
linked glycosylation	16
simultaneous detection	16
heterologous genes	16
microscopic lesions	16
binding domain	16
prrsv genotypes	16
prrsv proliferation	16
inhibits ifn	16
main proteinase	16
derived vectors	16
vivo studies	16
analysis revealed	16
decoy epitope	16
pulmonary intravascular	16
dual infection	16
cell tropism	16
future studies	16
sendai virus	16
randomly assigned	16
infectious disease	16
linked polyubiquitin	16
junction sites	16
mosaic vaccine	16
knockout pigs	16
cell cycle	16
statistical analyses	16
field strains	16
van marle	16
dna polymerase	16
high morbidity	16
restriction sites	16
evaluated using	16
strain wuh	16
terminal domain	16
two large	16
virus yields	16
mm edta	15
pedv clpro	15
morpholino oligomers	15
green i	15
prrsv virus	15
use committee	15
heat shock	15
reporter assay	15
quantitative pcr	15
mlv mtb	15
neutralizing epitopes	15
positive strand	15
supplementary material	15
lipid metabolism	15
large number	15
molecular epidemiology	15
sasa quelpaertensis	15
prrsv nsps	15
class ii	15
expressing cells	15
swine arterivirus	15
science foundation	15
ha antibody	15
may provide	15
pregnant gilts	15
immune signalling	15
signal sequence	15
nucleotide sequencing	15
phylogenetic analysis	15
nidovirus replication	15
receptor cd	15
glycosylation site	15
virulent rv	15
severe clinical	15
umbilical cord	15
vet res	15
standard error	15
individual pigs	15
pcr system	15
catalytic domain	15
similar results	15
respiratory symptoms	15
expressed proteins	15
fluorescent protein	15
vaccines based	15
ifn response	15
atg proteins	15
prrsv group	15
like particle	15
nsp junction	15
control prrs	15
lc puncta	15
different viral	15
edited pigs	15
cells well	15
european strains	15
serum neutralization	15
i molecules	15
infected group	15
capsid protein	15
pigs naturally	15
two distinct	15
serial dilutions	15
inactivated virus	15
treatment groups	15
free dmem	15
repertoire development	15
nuclear factor	15
using graphpad	15
field strain	15
negative strands	15
remains unclear	15
gp expression	15
systemic immune	15
weight gain	15
envelope glycoprotein	15
prrsv also	15
medicinal plant	15
nucleolar localization	15
eastern europe	15
secondary lymphoid	15
primer pair	15
cell entry	15
rna levels	15
minor envelope	15
expression level	15
prrsv persistence	15
low levels	15
replicase orf	15
ebola virus	15
visualized using	15
indicated time	14
mediated innate	14
virus titres	14
hydrogen bonds	14
rectal temperature	14
monocyte macrophage	14
pathogenic strain	14
ovarian tumor	14
may explain	14
plga nanoparticle	14
healthy pigs	14
canine parvovirus	14
lg ml	14
membrane permeability	14
cellular responses	14
transcription factors	14
ng well	14
tumor necrosis	14
i ubiquitination	14
porcine high	14
genetically divergent	14
infects monocyte	14
sodium dodecyl	14
recombinant vaccinia	14
natural science	14
expressed genes	14
mm sodium	14
assay kit	14
largest rna	14
results provide	14
prrsv type	14
co hb	14
stimulated gene	14
current status	14
analysis using	14
coli bl	14
significantly different	14
fold dilutions	14
results demonstrate	14
pulmonary lesions	14
gp fusion	14
points post	14
stranded positive	14
interferon alpha	14
live attenuated	14
crucial role	14
sham inoculated	14
high virulence	14
data analysis	14
studies using	14
prrs immunology	14
viral disease	14
plasmids expressing	14
measles virus	14
data collection	14
control sirna	14
important roles	14
tagged nsp	14
antiviral responses	14
different cell	14
subunit vaccines	14
cell differentiation	14
lps exposed	14
infected porcine	14
rna copies	14
lung injury	14
macrophage lineage	14
neonatal piglets	14
technical assistance	14
bordetella bronchiseptica	14
viral pathogenesis	14
porcine viral	14
ingelvac prrs	14
cell survival	14
vaccine candidate	14
emerging viruses	14
gene products	14
sars coronavirus	14
porcine lung	14
cmv promoter	14
prrsv load	14
suis serotype	14
wide range	14
control groups	14
glycan shielding	14
results suggested	14
prrsv structural	14
bacterial infection	14
reduced prrsv	14
studies showed	14
mucosal sites	14
cleavage assay	14
also showed	14
like proteases	14
considered positive	14
virus inhibits	14
source data	14
pork industry	14
previous report	14
pathogen interactions	14
piglets infected	14
real time	14
following vaccination	14
likely due	14
utero infection	14
rna level	14
virus load	14
genomic sequence	14
observed among	14
recombinant protein	14
point mutation	14
mouse model	14
rectal temperatures	14
neutralizing epitope	14
lung mnc	14
field isolate	14
like serine	14
weaned pigs	13
foreign genes	13
strain respprrs	13
specific primers	13
blood monocytes	13
humidified co	13
primary antibodies	13
th response	13
nuclear export	13
green fluorescent	13
virus release	13
dna binding	13
prrsv appears	13
reverse transcribed	13
pig serum	13
functional properties	13
point mutations	13
cell subsets	13
viral infectivity	13
orf sequences	13
viral rnas	13
experimental groups	13
virus belonging	13
virus inoculation	13
target sites	13
virus stocks	13
gross lung	13
rna copy	13
srcr domain	13
american genotype	13
whether prrsv	13
expression vectors	13
microbiol doi	13
porcine deltacoronavirus	13
increased frequency	13
three pigs	13
mucosal vaccines	13
online version	13
washed five	13
mutant nsp	13
arterivirus group	13
inhibitory effects	13
buffer containing	13
acid changes	13
may affect	13
replicative endoribonuclease	13
virus titration	13
current vaccines	13
vectors expressing	13
confluent marc	13
late gestation	13
protein concentration	13
plga nps	13
entry process	13
recombinant strains	13
transcription complex	13
sappan extract	13
receptor signaling	13
glycoprotein gp	13
agricultural university	13
vsv vrp	13
nuclear import	13
pivotal role	13
virus isolate	13
specific rt	13
pig industry	13
prrs outbreaks	13
probably due	13
viral antigens	13
prrsv yield	13
inactivated vaccines	13
isolate vr	13
cruz biotechnology	13
fresh dmem	13
kag vaccinated	13
regulatory cells	13
cell epitope	13
comparative pathogenicity	13
virus structural	13
uninfected cells	13
mm dtt	13
virus shedding	13
effective vaccines	13
facs buffer	13
pigs receiving	13
gp cells	13
vaccine strains	13
macroscopic lung	13
cellular immunity	13
mediated endocytosis	13
apoptotic genes	13
virulent heterologous	13
gpi modification	13
dna vaccination	13
sequence alignment	13
elispot assay	13
respiratory pathogens	13
supplementary table	13
using prrsv	13
considered significant	13
th th	13
nsp may	13
immunized pigs	13
cis cleavage	13
secondary infection	13
binding site	13
tissue damage	13
nsp region	13
virulent porcine	13
vitro interferon	13
viral membrane	13
associated lymphoid	13
fluorescent signal	13
pulmonary function	13
reporter plasmid	13
antigenic differences	13
lower panels	13
days later	13
study demonstrated	13
van gorp	13
conventional piglets	13
dmem supplemented	13
induces apoptosis	13
anchored proteins	13
persistent infections	13
nsp also	13
wasting syndrome	13
zna probe	13
cytokine receptor	13
chimeric viruses	13
better understand	12
dodecyl sulfate	12
early stages	12
murine coronavirus	12
detected using	12
heterologous virus	12
nasal swabs	12
plc digestion	12
attenuated virus	12
authors read	12
mucosal immunization	12
affect viral	12
times greater	12
pig farms	12
cholesterol content	12
confer protection	12
polyclonal activation	12
equal volume	12
multisystemic wasting	12
killed virus	12
cleavage products	12
states pork	12
phosphate dehydrogenase	12
freshly isolated	12
lesser extent	12
attenuated rv	12
porcine viruses	12
virus specific	12
interferon antagonism	12
dependent mechanism	12
structural biology	12
virus emerging	12
structural basis	12
natural host	12
rna helicase	12
findings indicate	12
inactivated porcine	12
molecular mass	12
kg body	12
local immune	12
arterivirus molecular	12
ag vaccinated	12
protein genes	12
ml ifn	12
replicase proteins	12
reactive oxygen	12
different concentrations	12
prrsv replicates	12
junction sequence	12
final manuscript	12
strand cdna	12
acute prrs	12
infected swine	12
cell mediated	12
detectable levels	12
reticulum stress	12
distilled water	12
intestinal iga	12
adhesion molecules	12
way anova	12
pork producers	12
ml penicillin	12
total protein	12
like proteinase	12
orf protein	12
oxygen species	12
alpha response	12
body trs	12
inhibiting prrsv	12
domestic animals	12
two independent	12
standard deviation	12
cellular receptor	12
cells via	12
influenza vaccine	12
pcv antigen	12
swine sera	12
mouse monoclonal	12
thank dr	12
antibody conjugated	12
structural genes	12
inoculated controls	12
sus scrofa	12
ion channels	12
kidney cell	12
inclusion bodies	12
protein domains	12
immunoperoxidase monolayer	12
monolayer assay	12
signaling technology	12
cell exhaustion	12
antiviral immune	12
major structural	12
prrsv aprrs	12
inducible gene	12
two us	12
viral strain	12
reduced lung	12
well documented	12
reported previously	12
tritrichomonas foetus	12
protein may	12
molecular mechanisms	12
binding sites	12
lipid raft	12
new insights	12
virus using	12
medium supplemented	12
different virulence	12
replicase polyproteins	12
supplementary file	12
pig lung	12
american porcine	12
cell adhesion	12
nsp expression	12
one day	12
prototype strain	12
mediated cytotoxicity	12
blood cells	12
envelope glycoproteins	12
viral respiratory	12
coding sequences	12
viral genes	12
first week	12
autophagosomes induced	12
recombinant virus	12
institutional animal	12
quelpaertensis nakai	12
different respiratory	12
exact test	12
cultured cells	12
cd foxp	12
amniotic fluid	12
macrophage activation	12
protein inhibits	12
induce apoptosis	12
dna vaccine	12
asymptomatic pigs	12
virus clearance	12
induced immunosuppression	12
previous work	12
disease caused	12
stat signaling	12
cd knockout	12
lung pathology	12
hev infection	12
us prrsv	12
complement system	12
sf sr	12
primer sequences	12
described elsewhere	12
antibodies specific	12
pma treatment	12
plp cis	12
peptide epitopes	12
crispr cas	12
small envelope	12
translation initiation	12
indicated antibodies	12
encoded proteinases	12
virus ns	12
gene delivery	12
relatively low	12
parental strains	12
national natural	12
virus viability	12
protein translation	12
recognition receptors	12
prrsv clsp	12
enrichment analyses	12
virus pathogenesis	11
amersham biosciences	11
lactogenic immunity	11
conducted using	11
antigenic diversity	11
within orf	11
loading control	11
supporting loop	11
economic loss	11
rpmi medium	11
immune systems	11
human daf	11
feeder pigs	11
upregulation expression	11
vaccine candidates	11
vitro studies	11
anchored protein	11
liquid nitrogen	11
remained unchanged	11
mhv nsp	11
virol doi	11
serum sample	11
grand island	11
optical density	11
vice versa	11
cell type	11
serum antibodies	11
diagnostic laboratory	11
pigs also	11
untreated cells	11
two prrsv	11
pigs immunized	11
uninfected control	11
pedv replication	11
cell numbers	11
cmi response	11
high frequency	11
restriction fragment	11
pathogen free	11
vaccine design	11
reproductive tract	11
highly variable	11
highly permissive	11
boehringer ingelheim	11
ha protein	11
growth factor	11
zinc finger	11
recovered viruses	11
phylogenetic tree	11
studies demonstrated	11
common mucosal	11
cell development	11
biological processes	11
different lineages	11
ppmo treatment	11
coronavirus replication	11
zn levels	11
etiological agent	11
pattern recognition	11
nucleotide changes	11
fixed cells	11
lymphocyte proliferation	11
reaction mixture	11
highly effective	11
pcv dna	11
graphpad software	11
sodium azide	11
terminal deletion	11
virus identification	11
times post	11
ripa buffer	11
total cellular	11
co atmosphere	11
virus followed	11
prrsv virion	11
swine infl	11
per pig	11
veterinary vaccines	11
interstitial macrophages	11
inhibits type	11
porcine immune	11
viral particle	11
antibodies directed	11
phosphorylated stat	11
host defense	11
constructed using	11
plasmid encoding	11
important diseases	11
nonneutralizing epitopes	11
vectored vaccines	11
induced pneumonia	11
subgenomic rna	11
findings suggest	11
fluorescence intensity	11
severe reproductive	11
viruses may	11
common leader	11
pigs challenged	11
vaccine antigens	11
passive protection	11
protein assay	11
mn challenged	11
also demonstrated	11
sqe treatment	11
challenge study	11
length genome	11
mlv nsp	11
newborn piglets	11
intriguing set	11
false discovery	11
gastroenteritis coronavirus	11
prrsv induces	11
infected dams	11
pig production	11
specific monoclonal	11
sgrna synthesis	11
biological properties	11
nsp serine	11
rabbit antiserum	11
molecular mimicry	11
data showed	11
inhibitory siglec	11
nervous system	11
stably expressing	11
different mechanisms	11
protein degradation	11
west nile	11
well established	11
also identified	11
antiviral immunity	11
fragment length	11
encephalomyocarditis virus	11
cytokine expression	11
lena strain	11
attenuated vaccine	11
raw data	11
inoculated animals	11
approximately kb	11
bal fluids	11
i prrsv	11
neutralization epitope	11
cell receptor	11
tested whether	11
final concentrations	11
high level	11
tcid assay	11
complex interactions	11
also shown	11
interferon gamma	11
laboratory animal	11
might also	11
receptor expression	11
prrsv immunity	11
haemophilus parasuis	11
lymphoid hyperplasia	11
mm mgcl	11
alternative orf	11
coronavirus nucleocapsid	11
like prrsv	11
cytokines measured	11
induce neutralizing	11
may represent	11
activated protein	11
treated control	11
pdb code	11
potent antiviral	11
discovery rate	11
deionized water	11
inoculated onto	11
data show	11
cellular components	11
tumour necrosis	11
genomic dna	10
various concentrations	10
infected lungs	10
european subtype	10
rapid detection	10
kidney cells	10
terminal residues	10
management practices	10
qiaamp viral	10
negatively charged	10
replication transcription	10
sequence data	10
strain mn	10
cell immune	10
cell frequency	10
south korea	10
deletion mutant	10
transfection reagent	10
nile virus	10
antiviral properties	10
irf phosphorylation	10
induced ifn	10
single stranded	10
mandibular lymph	10
stop codon	10
ii prrsv	10
antiviral agents	10
using anti	10
genetics system	10
european type	10
vet microbiol	10
using real	10
important viral	10
eagle medium	10
million annually	10
vaccine formulation	10
genetic heterogeneity	10
immunized group	10
tissue sections	10
matrix protein	10
heterologous protection	10
prrsv envelope	10
two strains	10
significant effect	10
cell pellets	10
respiratory system	10
animals inoculated	10
antiviral defense	10
positive farms	10
cytokine response	10
evasion strategies	10
enveloped viruses	10
luciferase activities	10
also detected	10
copies per	10
old cesarean	10
host defenses	10
endothelial cells	10
may result	10
laboratory animals	10
virus infected	10
cellular rna	10
atp substrate	10
distinct genotypes	10
novel antiviral	10
higher amounts	10
orf sequence	10
jurisdictional claims	10
strains vr	10
following experimental	10
protein complex	10
total rnas	10
human cytomegalovirus	10
target genes	10
states porcine	10
fever syndrome	10
first detected	10
specific cd	10
ub ub	10
electron density	10
postweaning multisystemic	10
time course	10
unpublished data	10
virus life	10
infection remains	10
virological study	10
length nsp	10
relative levels	10
iii interferons	10
related genes	10
rad expressing	10
coronavirus infectious	10
prrsv genotype	10
replicase polyprotein	10
associated protein	10
essential role	10
recent advances	10
protein modulates	10
type infection	10
mm kcl	10
reduced levels	10
nature remains	10
pigs exhibited	10
prrsv induced	10
attenuated vaccines	10
signal peptide	10
per million	10
campylobacter jejuni	10
agarose beads	10
genome sequence	10
active immunity	10
genome organization	10
dna viruses	10
mutation rate	10
modified eagle	10
expression analysis	10
viral epitopes	10
analysis showed	10
prrsv neutralizing	10
cd receptor	10
remains neutral	10
channel protein	10
five pigs	10
virus replicates	10
vrp expressing	10
also includes	10
high mutation	10
lymphoid follicles	10
coinfected groups	10
induced cpe	10
elevated levels	10
arch virol	10
springer nature	10
reduced ability	10
may help	10
serum igg	10
northern blot	10
glycoproteins gp	10
interfering rna	10
enhanced ifn	10
adult animals	10
three washes	10
red blood	10
tumor domain	10
sentinel pigs	10
time intervals	10
may induce	10
upper panels	10
pigs remained	10
prrsv causes	10
genotype porcine	10
airway resistance	10
national research	10
digital gene	10
target cell	10
flow cytometric	10
commercial porcine	10
total cell	10
rtgev vector	10
institutional affiliations	10
length polymorphism	10
catalytic triad	10
cellular targets	10
viral gene	10
conserved sequence	10
proinflammatory cytokine	10
recombinant viruses	10
uninfected pigs	10
challenge virus	10
competitor rna	10
total phenolic	10
small interfering	10
animals showed	10
mtt assay	10
heavy chain	10
baculovirus expression	10
animal model	10
control strategies	10
pathological changes	10
intranasal inoculation	10
inhibit type	10
dc macrophage	10
germinal centers	10
test whether	10
actin gene	10
flag antibody	10
transmembrane domain	10
right panel	10
viral genomes	10
memory cells	10
papn knockout	10
week post	10
hp prrsv	10
fluorescent microscope	10
full protection	10
future direction	10
virus non	10
low level	10
present work	10
multiparous sows	10
suppressive effect	10
lelystad isolate	10
accession numbers	10
deprived pig	10
two viruses	10
results show	10
orf ab	10
international committee	10
prrsv viability	10
increased susceptibility	10
lower levels	10
van den	10
extracellular vesicles	10
respiratory problems	10
takes place	10
dose dependent	10
disease control	10
commonly used	10
cells compared	10
inhibit viral	10
serum antibody	10
bars represent	10
interferon induction	10
pcr positive	10
mutational effect	10
competing interests	10
confocal microscopy	10
nine us	10
disulfide bonds	10
cd ifn	10
quasispecies evolution	10
iowa state	10
virus replicase	10
prv alone	10
first time	10
future vaccine	10
weeks later	10
boar semen	10
pigs developed	10
lps administrations	10
cholesterol level	10
polyacrylamide gel	10
ctl responses	10
genbank id	10
functional groups	10
common ancestor	10
negatively regulates	10
passive antibodies	10
gfp nsp	10
severe respiratory	10
endogenous irf	10
microarray analysis	10
induced higher	10
published maps	10
promoter activity	10
positive selection	10
infection porcine	10
pigs following	10
experimental challenge	10
virus expressing	10
responses following	10
detection system	9
examined using	9
spike protein	9
target site	9
challenged animals	9
i signaling	9
fever disease	9
systemic immunity	9
attenuated strain	9
visible cpe	9
play important	9
viral growth	9
plp mutants	9
enveloped single	9
rjxwn challenge	9
purified virus	9
cytokine gene	9
serum immune	9
virus comparative	9
immunosuppression exacerbates	9
chinese herbal	9
suis type	9
nsp alpha	9
antiviral drug	9
also used	9
plasmids encoding	9
transcriptional activation	9
wash buffer	9
specific ctl	9
four groups	9
plaque purification	9
vaccine based	9
virus genetic	9
recent research	9
pig population	9
human siglec	9
vh va	9
myc epitope	9
acid sequences	9
protein concentrations	9
cell supernatants	9
including nsp	9
animal experiments	9
viral structural	9
devastating disease	9
mucosal vaccine	9
porcine sp	9
cysteine proteases	9
lung samples	9
current vaccine	9
effector functions	9
genetic stability	9
rna reads	9
ii cells	9
ribavirin treatment	9
virus isolated	9
either prrsv	9
rna interference	9
severe interstitial	9
leader trs	9
cell wall	9
macrophage recruitment	9
families arteriviridae	9
type virus	9
relative abundance	9
sequence alignments	9
stat pathway	9
surface receptors	9
cell apoptosis	9
transplacental infection	9
genomic negative	9
strain ch	9
also called	9
rabbit antibody	9
studies suggest	9
prrsv hun	9
three major	9
lactate dehydrogenaseelevating	9
immune complexes	9
effective vaccine	9
low virulent	9
virological parameters	9
primary immune	9
kappab activation	9
four hours	9
flow cytometer	9
xbp mrna	9
imagej software	9
induce protection	9
cells induced	9
cholesterol levels	9
following challenge	9
infectious progeny	9
pasteurella multocida	9
agents associated	9
induces autophagy	9
genetically diverse	9
infected pig	9
mediated rig	9
prime boost	9
ctl epitope	9
fully stable	9
ampk signalling	9
dimethyl sulfoxide	9
cfu ml	9
efficient vaccines	9
acid deletion	9
genes including	9
virus immune	9
vlp vaccine	9
isolated using	9
structural component	9
associated disease	9
prrsv resistance	9
specific neutralizing	9
prism software	9
cytokine il	9
virulence factors	9
enteric pathogens	9
cell growth	9
stable expression	9
specific endoribonuclease	9
high titers	9
host factor	9
pathway analysis	9
antigenic comparison	9
hydrogen bond	9
prrsv vaccination	9
microplate reader	9
delivery system	9
antiviral agent	9
may reflect	9
significantly induced	9
infection results	9
south dakota	9
different isolates	9
greatly reduced	9
protein fused	9
antigenic regions	9
gamma interferon	9
congenital prrsv	9
control plasmid	9
heterologous strains	9
two types	9
mg kg	9
virus capsid	9
swine alveolar	9
side chain	9
cysteine residues	9
skim milk	9
homologous recombination	9
lung sections	9
higher level	9
polyclonal antibodies	9
first line	9
shock protein	9
critical window	9
antigen uptake	9
cpe development	9
new group	9
nsp contains	9
murine hepatitis	9
orf present	9
essential regions	9
efficient replication	9
impulse oscillometry	9
antiviral innate	9
bor infected	9
serologic response	9
sucrose cushion	9
continuous cell	9
virus reveals	9
exogenous reference	9
fold lower	9
mm dishes	9
cleavage activities	9
possesses deubiquitinating	9
membrane association	9
unknown etiology	9
next generation	9
antiviral strategies	9
transcriptome response	9
proteasomal degradation	9
weeks old	9
gp gene	9
molecular probes	9
nine open	9
diameter dishes	9
host genetics	9
experimental group	9
infected pam	9
protein possesses	9
prrsv ch	9
sequencing analysis	9
nucleotide sequences	9
neutralization test	9
also investigated	9
new viral	9
phylogenetic perspective	9
chitosan nps	9
broad range	9
modulating properties	9
cell lysis	9
ctl response	9
inhibits nf	9
cell receptors	9
recent years	9
virus assembly	9
review see	9
swine oral	9
remains unknown	9
length genomic	9
viral receptor	9
gene sequences	9
essential medium	9
molecular evolution	9
related viruses	9
leukemia virus	9
van gucht	9
viral variants	9
fluid specimens	9
wt groups	9
purified protein	9
virus recovery	9
clinical cases	9
gene ontology	9
negative regulation	9
rna samples	9
veterinary microbiology	9
mice vaccinated	9
examined whether	9
rv vaccines	9
differential type	9
including viral	9
innate antiviral	9
bactericidal activity	9
ns protein	9
protein level	9
inhibiting irf	9
protein beta	9
intestinal epithelial	9
genital tract	9
secondary antibodies	9
beta production	9
foster city	9
lived plasma	9
associated proteins	9
rich domain	9
first report	9
kappab signaling	9
ml well	9
isolates differ	9
mutant proteins	9
gene sequence	9
fold increase	9
receptor interaction	9
main target	9
egg yolk	9
integral membrane	9
inhibited ifn	9
response induced	9
correlation coefficient	9
prrsv infects	9
productively infects	9
bca protein	9
control measures	9
various time	9
induce cross	9
vaccine adjuvants	9
infection model	9
whole genome	9
mutations within	9
dehydrogenaseelevating virus	9
virus particle	9
site loop	9
inhibit virus	9
growth curve	9
rna mini	9
conventional rt	9
current state	9
prrsv attachment	9
genotype ii	9
specific iga	9
largely blocked	9
tris hcl	9
also tested	9
creative commons	9
sirnas targeting	9
swine ifn	9
suis infection	9
interferon activation	9
also possible	9
within nsp	9
virology doi	9
bl cells	9
cytoplasmic tail	9
gene product	9
proteins gp	9
dna virus	9
immortalized porcine	9
bovine viral	9
murine leukemia	9
protection conferred	9
direct contact	9
specific cell	9
immunological properties	9
subtype strains	9
tk plasmid	9
several months	9
isgf complex	9
vaccinated mice	9
quantified using	9
modulates host	9
mucosal adjuvants	9
nidovirus transcription	8
genome sequencing	8
salmonella choleraesuis	8
high affinity	8
vaccination strategies	8
high recombination	8
cells may	8
infection processes	8
isolation kit	8
cd srcr	8
mosaic vaccines	8
increase susceptibility	8
significantly enhanced	8
virus molecular	8
immune correlates	8
also indicated	8
genus arterivirus	8
viruses including	8
farm conditions	8
three infected	8
montanide tm	8
animal welfare	8
genetic manipulation	8
retinoic acid	8
recombinant pseudorabies	8
transmembrane domains	8
china agricultural	8
transcription unit	8
inhibits pedv	8
kda protein	8
eukaryotic cells	8
establish persistent	8
interferon response	8
nucleolar localisation	8
virus envelope	8
expressing nsp	8
rna sequencing	8
nsp aa	8
two weeks	8
results presented	8
units ml	8
intracellular signaling	8
cultures infected	8
mucosal iga	8
suppress ifn	8
vr strain	8
prrsv evolution	8
culture infective	8
stranded dna	8
spectrum antiviral	8
infectious doses	8
muench method	8
gene editing	8
solution containing	8
jxwn plp	8
discontinuous transcription	8
blocking elisa	8
nucleolar proteins	8
sequence motifs	8
cytoplasmic domain	8
infection dynamics	8
proteomic analysis	8
inhibit nf	8
detect prrsv	8
responses induced	8
extracellular signal	8
prrs pigs	8
provide new	8
prrsv control	8
mm pmsf	8
cdna fragments	8
also induce	8
porcine interferon	8
parainfluenza virus	8
akt signaling	8
serum dilution	8
first one	8
antiviral function	8
antigen processing	8
extension pcr	8
endoribonuclease inactive	8
mouse secondary	8
virus variants	8
porcine dendritic	8
peer review	8
software version	8
induces protective	8
triandra extract	8
antagonism functions	8
immune signaling	8
infectious viral	8
genetic subtypes	8
vivo experiments	8
gross pathology	8
virus quantification	8
states swine	8
viral attachment	8
clean tags	8
nuclear transfer	8
proteins may	8
using chimeric	8
unknown function	8
phylogenetic relationships	8
shuttle plasmid	8
stress response	8
phylogenetic analyses	8
rescued virus	8
arterivirus gene	8
oxide synthase	8
transcription polymerase	8
log fold	8
viruses differ	8
vaccine induces	8
transforming growth	8
proteins involved	8
minor structural	8
mm hepes	8
viral persistence	8
nidovirales order	8
prrsv protective	8
mortality rates	8
host factors	8
irf interaction	8
prrsv pigs	8
global swine	8
plate reader	8
among strains	8
first isolated	8
transcription regulatory	8
two pigs	8
mutant protein	8
experimental design	8
indicated concentrations	8
type viruses	8
specificity pocket	8
domain iii	8
standard procedures	8
plasmid pcdna	8
group animals	8
fully resistant	8
infected control	8
macrophage differentiation	8
prrs antibody	8
cell migration	8
type strains	8
macrophages infected	8
peripheral airway	8
induce treg	8
primary infection	8
simple method	8
genetic variability	8
olot strain	8
biological functions	8
pcr master	8
genetics analysis	8
peptide binding	8
distinct prrsv	8
antigen expression	8
open access	8
like symptoms	8
vaccine dose	8
see table	8