quadgram

This is a table of type quadgram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

quadgram	frequency
middle east respiratory syndrome	101
east respiratory syndrome coronavirus	76
pilgrims during the hajj	48
kingdom of saudi arabia	33
in the context of	33
among pilgrims during the	31
influenza a h n	29
during the hajj season	28
during the hajj pilgrimage	28
stay in saudi arabia	26
of middle east respiratory	26
the hajj and umrah	26
a prospective cohort study	25
among australian hajj pilgrims	25
respiratory tract infections during	24
of respiratory viruses among	21
during their stay in	21
the kingdom of saudi	20
during the hajj and	20
at the time of	20
saudi ministry of health	19
of respiratory tract infections	19
respiratory viruses and bacteria	19
among iranian hajj pilgrims	17
before and after the	17
among malaysian hajj pilgrims	17
infection among hajj pilgrims	17
respiratory viruses among pilgrims	17
to saudi arabia for	17
saudi arabia for the	16
in the hajj season	16
the annual hajj pilgrimage	16
influenza a and b	15
risks at the hajj	15
tract infections during the	15
in the mecca cohort	15
the saudi ministry of	15
health risks at the	15
disease surveillance and control	14
hajj pilgrims returning to	14
to participate in the	14
for the prevention of	14
the middle east respiratory	14
increase the risk of	14
of the islamic year	14
saudi arabia during the	14
were more likely to	14
pilgrims returning from the	13
and bacteria among pilgrims	13
in french hajj pilgrims	13
returning from the hajj	13
french pilgrims during the	13
infectious disease surveillance and	13
of acute respiratory infections	13
in saudi arabia and	13
severe acute respiratory syndrome	13
respiratory syndrome coronavirus in	13
viruses and bacteria among	13
and umrah mass gatherings	13
bacteria among pilgrims during	13
their stay in saudi	13
hajj and umrah mass	13
the pilgrimage to mecca	12
the ministry of health	12
of rift valley fever	12
the prevalence of respiratory	12
viruses among pilgrims during	12
during the annual hajj	12
before leaving the ksa	12
of acute respiratory symptoms	12
high rate of respiratory	12
pilgrims attending the hajj	12
the context of the	12
in the arabian peninsula	12
is one of the	12
a high rate of	12
acute respiratory infections among	11
respiratory pathogens during the	11
at the hajj and	11
risks and mitigation strategies	11
respiratory infections among iranian	11
are the most common	11
for travellers to saudi	11
potential risks and mitigation	11
and after the hajj	11
respiratory tract infections among	11
were aware of mers	11
infections among iranian hajj	11
participating in the hajj	11
australian hajj pilgrims in	11
among iranian pilgrims in	11
pathogens during the hajj	11
during the stay in	11
of admission to hospitals	11
pneumonia during the hajj	11
travellers to saudi arabia	11
infections among hajj pilgrims	11
infections during the annual	11
conditions for travellers to	10
circulation of respiratory viruses	10
respiratory infection among hajjis	10
health conditions for travellers	10
and role of protective	10
the prevalence of acute	10
prevalence of acute respiratory	10
of west nile virus	10
pharmaceutical interventions for the	10
infection among hajjis from	10
symptoms in french pilgrims	10
in the kingdom of	10
of respiratory pathogens during	10
admission to hospitals during	10
and compliance with the	10
among hajjis from riyadh	10
stay in the ksa	10
to hospitals during muslim	10
rate of respiratory symptoms	10
of nasal carriage of	10
despite a high rate	10
role of protective measures	10
hospitals during muslim pilgrimage	10
prevalence of influenza virus	10
the world health organization	10
acute respiratory symptoms and	10
measures among malaysian hajj	10
lack of mers coronavirus	10
symptoms and role of	10
respiratory symptoms and role	10
of pilgrims in the	10
from all over the	10
viral infection among hajj	10
uk and saudi pilgrims	10
hajj and umrah pilgrims	10
protective measures among malaysian	10
acute respiratory symptoms in	10
for the first time	10
pattern of admission to	10
the end of the	10
the fifa world cup	10
causes of hospitalization of	10
in accordance with the	10
respiratory symptoms in french	10
of protective measures among	10
interventions for the prevention	10
in saudi arabia during	10
pilgrims in the hajj	9
the prevention of respiratory	9
play a role in	9
coronavirus but prevalence of	9
prevention of respiratory tract	9
but prevalence of influenza	9
globalization of respiratory pathogens	9
influenza a common viral	9
hajj season of the	9
arabia for the pilgrimage	9
and preventive measures among	9
of hospitalization of pilgrims	9
compliance with the saudi	9
a common viral infection	9
of mers coronavirus but	9
season of the islamic	9
a large number of	9
and globalization of respiratory	9
gathering and globalization of	9
common viral infection among	9
respiratory infections at the	9
measures among domestic hajjis	9
mass gatherings in the	9
compliance with preventive measures	9
treated in the icu	9
hajj pilgrims returning from	9
hospitalization of pilgrims in	9
against respiratory tract infections	9
french hajj pilgrims returning	9
acute respiratory infection among	9
time for routine surveillance	9
a and b viruses	9
a systematic review of	9
disease control and prevention	9
among domestic hajjis from	9
carriage of novel corona	9
are presented in table	9
for disease control and	9
for the pilgrimage to	9
transmission of infectious diseases	9
cases of h n	9
participate in the study	9
lack of nasal carriage	9
diseases and preventive measures	9
during the study period	9
all over the world	9
nasal carriage of novel	9
the leading cause of	9
influenza other respir viruses	9
of diseases and preventive	9
centers for disease control	9
the hajj season of	9
for middle east respiratory	9
mass gathering and globalization	9
ili was defined as	9
infections at the hajj	9
mers coronavirus but prevalence	9
preventive measures among domestic	9
as well as the	9
tract infections during hajj	9
of novel corona virus	9
one of the largest	9
routine surveillance and vaccination	9
of the healthcare workers	9
global health security agenda	9
among health care workers	9
for routine surveillance and	9
meningococcal disease during the	8
viral respiratory infections at	8
in french pilgrims after	8
in the middle east	8
associated viral respiratory infections	8
those who did not	8
in this study were	8
in saudi arabia for	8
influenza virus in french	8
and temporal patterns of	8
in any of the	8
infections during hajj pilgrimage	8
of influenza virus in	8
in makkah during the	8
of respiratory diseases among	8
respiratory tract infections at	8
rift valley fever in	8
respiratory tract infection during	8
pilgrims returning from hajj	8
the risk of influenza	8
a total of pilgrims	8
in the current study	8
in the time of	8
during and after hajj	8
were found to be	8
before departing from france	8
the stay in saudi	8
of severe pneumonia causing	8
indonesian public health team	8
on the other hand	8
the study was conducted	8
acquisition of respiratory viruses	8
med infect dis doi	8
increases the risk of	8
respiratory tract infections are	8
in the city of	8
patterns of severe pneumonia	8
diseases among iranian pilgrims	8
prevalence of respiratory viruses	8
for the treatment of	8
may increase the risk	8
and after the travel	8
int j infect dis	8
clinical and temporal patterns	8
travel med infect dis	8
facemask against respiratory infections	8
a h n in	8
j infect dis doi	8
pneumonia causing critical illness	8
the cause of death	8
the indonesian public health	8
of facemask against respiratory	8
severe pneumonia causing critical	8
pandemic influenza a h	8
common respiratory viruses and	8
respiratory infections among hajj	8
the spread of the	8
critical illness during hajj	8
during the hajj period	8
those who were not	8
among hajj pilgrims in	8
disease during the hajj	8
virus in french pilgrims	8
tract infection during hajj	8
temporal patterns of severe	8
of the respiratory illness	8
of common respiratory viruses	8
causing critical illness during	8
pilgrims participating in the	8
the and hajj seasons	7
olympic and paralympic games	7
between uk and saudi	7
at the end of	7
upper respiratory tract infection	7
respiratory illness among malaysian	7
nasal carriage and compliance	7
not included in the	7
pilgrims with respiratory illness	7
protective measures against acute	7
a h n pandemic	7
in the hajj of	7
a syndromic surveillance system	7
high prevalence of common	7
influenza viruses and mers	7
surveillance for influenza viruses	7
pilgrims and general population	7
pilgrims returning to ghana	7
egyptian pilgrims returning from	7
disease alert and response	7
of influenza a and	7
before departing to the	7
use of face mask	7
the most common respiratory	7
returning from hajj during	7
and umrah pilgrims with	7
was approved by the	7
comparison between uk and	7
during the influenza a	7
during the hajj in	7
in french pilgrims participating	7
among hajj pilgrims from	7
health recommendations among pilgrims	7
west nile virus in	7
for the hajj and	7
with the saudi health	7
religious and sporting events	7
febrile cough episodes among	7
an important role in	7
among returning hajj and	7
against acute respiratory symptoms	7
positive for at least	7
patterns of diseases and	7
the risk of transmission	7
no evidence of middle	7
who were aware of	7
and no evidence of	7
of diseases among visitors	7
rift valley fever virus	7
saudi health recommendations among	7
was significantly associated with	7
of participants whose post	7
influenza and the hajj	7
the number of deaths	7
pattern of diseases among	7
the saudi health recommendations	7
umrah pilgrims with respiratory	7
tract infections among hajj	7
among pilgrims attending the	7
infection prevention and control	7
was associated with a	7
and the risk of	7
the spread of respiratory	7
departing to the ksa	7
respiratory viruses and no	7
before and after hajj	7
more likely to be	7
among egyptian pilgrims returning	7
the purpose of this	7
evidence of middle east	7
domestic hajjis from central	7
acute respiratory tract infections	7
french pilgrims participating in	7
upper respiratory tract infections	7
returning hajj and umrah	7
effectiveness of facemask against	7
viruses and no evidence	7
measures against acute respiratory	7
included in the review	7
during a mass gathering	7
the hajj respiratory tract	7
their stay in the	7
recommendations among pilgrims attending	7
carriage and compliance with	7
iranian pilgrims in hajj	7
were positive for influenza	7
pilgrimage in the ksa	7
cov nasal carriage and	7
pilgrims to saudi arabia	7
of respiratory viruses and	7
was significantly higher in	7
in hajj pilgrims returning	7
uptake and effectiveness of	7
to be the most	7
as part of the	7
no conflict of interest	7
rhinovirus was detected in	7
communicable disease alert and	7
prevalence of common respiratory	7
syndrome coronavirus in hajj	7
previous experience of hajj	7
the transmission of infectious	7
mass gatherings such as	7
the hajj mass gathering	7
coronavirus in hajj pilgrims	7
the uptake of facemask	6
context of the hajj	6
rates among iranian pilgrims	6
to global health security	6
to mina health centers	6
influenza viral infections among	6
of influenza at hajj	6
to the fact that	6
etiology of severe community	6
in the number of	6
pilgrims in saudi arabia	6
of mortality and morbidity	6
of the risk of	6
syndromic surveillance system in	6
pilot randomised controlled trial	6
to determine the prevalence	6
could be due to	6
of morbidity and mortality	6
hajj in saudi arabia	6
participate in the hajj	6
positive influenza viruses in	6
at the hajj respiratory	6
hajj pilgrims from southern	6
number of pilgrims from	6
hajj specimens were positive	6
were included in the	6
among the iranian hajj	6
the prevalence of influenza	6
visitors to mina health	6
of mass gatherings in	6
and respiratory syncytial virus	6
from more than countries	6
detection of respiratory viruses	6
based on a syndromic	6
was not statistically significant	6
of the study population	6
pilgrims returning to shiraz	6
specimens were collected from	6
h n and the	6
pilgrims to the hajj	6
of this study was	6
for hajj and umrah	6
this study was to	6
at least one respiratory	6
iranian pilgrims during five	6
may play a role	6
centers during the hajj	6
etiology of acute respiratory	6
the hajj has been	6
at mass gathering events	6
of the disease in	6
on a syndromic surveillance	6
king abdul aziz international	6
the time of covid	6
travelers to the hajj	6
one of the most	6
tested positive for influenza	6
among visitors to mina	6
diseases among visitors to	6
and morbidity rates among	6
respiratory diseases among iranian	6
virus in saudi arabia	6
infections among the iranian	6
in the transmission of	6
the onset of symptoms	6
the aim of this	6
in the present study	6
there is a need	6
symptom during their stay	6
to their home countries	6
the urine antigen test	6
during five consecutive years	6
barriers to and facilitators	6
consecutive years based on	6
mers cov among returning	6
cov among returning hajj	6
spread of respiratory viruses	6
as a result of	6
surveillance system in hajj	6
enrolled in the study	6
influenza and pneumococcal vaccination	6
be due to the	6
vaccinations against respiratory tract	6
total of pilgrims were	6
cause of hospital admission	6
a high prevalence of	6
pilgrims for the hajj	6
in the prevalence of	6
comparison of mortality and	6
was less likely to	6
morbidity rates among iranian	6
trend of diseases among	6
the respiratory illness among	6
of dengue fever in	6
fever in saudi arabia	6
and surveillance for influenza	6
were positive for s	6
to and facilitators of	6
review of the literature	6
arrival into saudi arabia	6
viral infections among the	6
hajj pattern of admission	6
of the preventive measures	6
the influenza a h	6
this is the first	6
were positive for at	6
for influenza viruses and	6
among malaysian pilgrims in	6
influenza and respiratory syncytial	6
pilgrims during five consecutive	6
respiratory symptom during their	6
a tertiary care hospital	6
at a mass gathering	6
specimens were positive for	6
were less likely to	6
respiratory infections and pneumonia	6
tract infections at hajj	6
of infectious diseases associated	6
influenza viruses in returning	6
the iranian hajj pilgrims	6
uptake of facemask among	6
respiratory tract infections in	6
survey and surveillance for	6
infectious disease data during	6
those who were aware	6
gathering religious and sporting	6
abdul aziz international airport	6
saudi arabia and yemen	6
study was to determine	6
influenza not mers cov	6
mass gathering religious and	6
five consecutive years based	6
illness among malaysian pilgrims	6
use of preventive measures	6
viruses among healthcare workers	6
against respiratory infections at	6
after their return to	6
acquired pneumonia during the	6
for at least virus	6
of facemasks in preventing	6
confirmed cases of h	6
in addition to the	6
not mers cov among	6
was defined as the	6
health centers during the	6
none of the participants	6
operational during the hajj	6
gatherings such as the	6
workers during the hajj	6
study has some limitations	6
determine the prevalence of	6
the time of the	6
reduce the spread of	6
years based on a	6
pilgrims from southern iran	6
study was approved by	6
infectious diseases associated with	6
respiratory viruses among healthcare	6
the transmission of the	6
mina health centers during	6
pneumoniae during the hajj	6
the use of facemasks	6
samples were positive for	6
least one respiratory symptom	6
the prevalence of cough	6
controlled trial to test	6
mortality and morbidity rates	6
the overall prevalence of	6
a novel smartphone application	5
malaysian hajj pilgrims in	5
illness transmission among australian	5
during the time of	5
pilgrims who attended hajj	5
virus types and subtypes	5
carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae	5
of hospitalization during muslim	5
for the development of	5
than half of the	5
surveillance data in french	5
among pakistani pilgrims to	5
tuberculosis is the commonest	5
and determinants of prognosis	5
preventive measures against respiratory	5
the planning and response	5
statin use and risk	5
syncytial virus infections in	5
aged between and years	5
of emerging respiratory viruses	5
of the hajj and	5
study on the influence	5
helsinki and its amendments	5
is a need for	5
the time of a	5
were significantly associated with	5
pilot use of a	5
of influenza and pneumococcal	5
among hajj medical mission	5
in pilgrims from europe	5
of admission to intensive	5
and other respiratory viruses	5
of diseases among iranian	5
for mass gatherings in	5
application to track traveller	5
half of the pilgrims	5
samples were collected from	5
associated acute respiratory infection	5
of a declared influenza	5
global perspectives for prevention	5
data during a mass	5
uptake of preventive measures	5
disease data during a	5
among pilgrims in saudi	5
us travelers to the	5
in french pilgrims during	5
among returning hajj pilgrims	5
data in french pilgrims	5
as shown in table	5
the effectiveness of the	5
the influence of statin	5
the risk of spreading	5
pilgrims in hajj season	5
study was conducted among	5
the hajj pilgrimage and	5
of upper respiratory tract	5
until the end of	5
twice as likely to	5
during the and hajj	5
for mass gatherings the	5
respiratory symptoms at the	5
were enrolled in the	5
cough and sore throat	5
and the effect of	5
about the risk of	5
a declared influenza a	5
the uptake and effectiveness	5
arrival in saudi arabia	5
and respiratory illness among	5
measures of the respiratory	5
measures against infectious diseases	5
conducted in accordance with	5
effectiveness of facemasks in	5
prevention of influenza at	5
viruses in returning hajj	5
of interest to declare	5
determinants of prognosis of	5
with soap and sanitizers	5
the large number of	5
alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus	5
arabia during the time	5
cov among egyptian pilgrims	5
during muslim pilgrimage hajj	5
the olympics and the	5
in returning hajj pilgrims	5
diseases associated with mass	5
there is need to	5
systematic reviews and meta	5
practices recommended by the	5
has been reported in	5
the prevalence of the	5
medical diseases and determinants	5
and sanofi pasteur for	5
studies are needed to	5
the number of pilgrims	5
in british hajj pilgrims	5
viral etiology of acute	5
positive for influenza a	5
sectional survey and surveillance	5
prevalence of respiratory illness	5
n and the hajj	5
of pneumonia requiring hospitalization	5
gatherings in the context	5
for the hajj in	5
the total number of	5
to intensive care units	5
virus infections in british	5
infections and pneumonia during	5
behaviour and collect infectious	5
admitted to hospitals in	5
pakistani pilgrims to the	5
are considered to be	5
the incidence of vaccine	5
a leading cause of	5
with middle east respiratory	5
significant difference in the	5
of medical diseases and	5
causes of admission to	5
practices and respiratory illness	5
hajj in the time	5
pilgrims were aware of	5
collect infectious disease data	5
transmission among australian hajj	5
prognosis of hospitalization during	5
during the mass gathering	5
part of the mers	5
symptoms during their stay	5
about the importance of	5
before departing for the	5
in makkah and mina	5
malaysian pilgrims in hajj	5
iranian hajj pilgrims returning	5
of prognosis of hospitalization	5
associated with mass gatherings	5
requiring hospitalization during hajj	5
in a tertiary care	5
transcription polymerase chain reaction	5
clinical practices recommended by	5
of preventive measures against	5
prevalence and preventive measures	5
on the influence of	5
to test effectiveness of	5
and effectiveness of facemask	5
risk of transmission of	5
than those who were	5
university of medical sciences	5
were considered statistically significant	5
admission to intensive care	5
to track traveller health	5
and collect infectious disease	5
good clinical practices recommended	5
among us travelers to	5
overall prevalence of respiratory	5
the risk of respiratory	5
traveller health behaviour and	5
of statin use and	5
of mass gathering restrictions	5
pneumonia requiring hospitalization during	5
human research ethics committee	5
haj in saudi arabia	5
among a cohort of	5
with a history of	5
for the hajj season	5
cov was not detected	5
by the saudi moh	5
and preventive measures of	5
novel smartphone application to	5
perspectives for prevention of	5
in a cohort of	5
use of a novel	5
muslim pilgrimage hajj in	5
respiratory virus types and	5
aged years and over	5
for systematic reviews and	5
illness among us travelers	5
of the transmission of	5
due to the fact	5
against respiratory infections in	5
the international health regulations	5
protective practices and respiratory	5
a better understanding of	5
reported respiratory symptoms during	5
of the middle east	5
nasal and throat swabs	5
is in accordance with	5
of respiratory infections in	5
risk of influenza transmission	5
was significantly higher than	5
influenza vaccine uptake among	5
of helsinki and its	5
for indonesian hajj pilgrims	5
trial to test effectiveness	5
preferred reporting items for	5
large number of pilgrims	5
preventive measures of the	5
test effectiveness of facemasks	5
smartphone application to track	5
respiratory symptoms during hajj	5
recommended by the declaration	5
preventive measures such as	5
the haj in saudi	5
prevent the spread of	5
pandemic infl uenza a	5
but positive influenza viruses	5
transmission of zika virus	5
and throat swabs were	5
the use of face	5
response to infectious diseases	5
respiratory illness among us	5
study is the first	5
mortality in patients with	5
of at least respiratory	5
acquisition and transmission of	5
of the virus in	5
declaration of helsinki and	5
commonest cause of pneumonia	5
a significant proportion of	5
preventive measures against infectious	5
no conflicts of interest	5
pandemic h n and	5
from the arabian peninsula	5
reporting items for systematic	5
may be due to	5
and review of the	5
associated febrile cough episodes	5
health behaviour and collect	5
health care workers during	5
association was found between	5
cause of pneumonia requiring	5
prevention of infectious diseases	5
use and risk factors	5
pattern of medical diseases	5
significantly higher than the	5
travelers to saudi arabia	5
hospitalization during muslim pilgrimage	5
viruses among pilgrims in	5
by the declaration of	5
detected in any of	5
influence of statin use	5
medical office for pilgrims	5
public health implications of	5
from mass gathering religious	5
of a novel smartphone	5
in view of the	5
tehran university of medical	5
the global health security	5
the risk of acquisition	5
in saudi arabia in	5
of this study is	5
the declaration of helsinki	5
pathogens were detected in	5
were twice as likely	5
over the last years	5
of the influenza a	5
cov but positive influenza	5
over the study period	5
of vaccine preventable influenza	5
hajj for the first	5
randomised controlled trial to	5
cough episodes among french	5
and pneumonia during the	5
track traveller health behaviour	5
health hazards and current	5
applications for mass gatherings	5
infections among hajj medical	5
province of saudi arabia	5
fever and sore throat	5
respiratory symptoms during their	5
with respiratory symptoms and	5
cohort study on the	5
infections in british hajj	5
respiratory syncytial virus infections	5
viral respiratory infections among	5
among iranian pilgrims during	5
were the most common	5
the commonest cause of	5
symptoms during the hajj	5
the prevalence and preventive	5
the role of the	5
pilgrimage hajj in a	5
were considered to be	5
is the commonest cause	5
the hajj pattern of	5
during hajj pattern of	5
hajj medical mission personnel	5
study was conducted in	5
episodes among french pilgrims	5
purpose of this study	5
prospective cohort study on	5
swabs were collected from	5
infections during the pilgrimage	5
were collected from participants	5
respiratory symptoms during the	5
time of a declared	5
for prevention of infectious	5
the inevitable hajj cough	5
pattern of diseases and	5
tract infections are the	5
infections are the most	5
the international spread of	5
items for systematic reviews	5
incidence of vaccine preventable	5
vaccine for hajj pilgrims	5
of the positive samples	5
diseases and determinants of	5
there was no significant	5
during hajj and umrah	5
hajj pilgrims during the	4
facemasks in preventing influenza	4
medicine and infectious disease	4
have no conflicts of	4
pneumococcal infections during mass	4
to use preventive measures	4
review of emerging respiratory	4
and novartis for consulting	4
was defined according to	4
in viral transport media	4
pilgrims in mecca and	4
o u r n	4
rates of at least	4
at least one of	4
symptoms at the time	4
viruses influenza not mers	4
use among pakistani pilgrims	4
for consulting or serving	4
disease in saudi arabia	4
of influenza vaccination on	4
in a study conducted	4
mass gathering in mecca	4
reverse transcription polymerase chain	4
common among those who	4
prevention of meningococcal disease	4
can be used to	4
in conjunction with microbiological	4
our study has some	4
protection for hajj and	4
symptoms lack of mers	4
to take part in	4
the who guidelines on	4
received one or more	4
in the treatment of	4
sepsis and septic shock	4
the intensive care unit	4
and compliance with preventive	4
and the institutional review	4
during and after the	4
those who used facemasks	4
was carried out in	4
southern hemisphere influenza vaccine	4
the occurrence of cough	4
key planning recommendations for	4
cases in saudi arabia	4
the rates of influenza	4
the peak hajj period	4
pfizer and novartis for	4
for more than one	4
human respiratory syncytial virus	4
arabia for the hajj	4
effectiveness of these measures	4
as likely to be	4
guidelines for the management	4
a cohort study of	4
ethics committee and the	4
hajj and possible coinfection	4
and medication use among	4
cases of infectious diseases	4
of mortality for indonesian	4
within a confined area	4
coronavirus circulation in iran	4
respiratory diseases during hajj	4
umrah and hajj pilgrimages	4
research accounts at the	4
of respiratory diseases during	4
influenza and other respiratory	4
r n a l	4
novartis for consulting or	4
king fahad medical city	4
between pilgrims and general	4
the risk of infectious	4
period of the islamic	4
cases of middle east	4
strains and vaccine strains	4
a novel coronavirus from	4
from the middle east	4
cov and other respiratory	4
pneumoniae were the predominant	4
the hajj period of	4
questionnaire that collected information	4
the median age was	4
the pilgrimage in the	4
the hajj on pneumococcal	4
a role in the	4
what constitutes a mass	4
risks at mass gatherings	4
on the use of	4
professor robert booy has	4
hajj respiratory tract infections	4
close contact with camels	4
approved by the king	4
influenza transmission in households	4
of the umrah pilgrimage	4
during the midst of	4
during the hajj mass	4
and other mass gatherings	4
a convenience sample of	4
the hajj in response	4
between those who were	4
found in other studies	4
of these studies are	4
cohort of french pilgrims	4
by the king fahad	4
of pneumococcal infections during	4
conflicts of interest to	4
surveillance and vaccination influenza	4
the severe acute respiratory	4
acquiring and spreading infectious	4
fahad medical city ethics	4
medical city ethics committee	4
were the predominant bacteria	4
such as the hajj	4
in terms of the	4
of influenza a virus	4
preventive measures during hajj	4
viruses at the hajj	4
of mecca and medina	4
date of arrival into	4
with a p value	4
issues arising from mass	4
diseases of the pilgrims	4
between routine death certificate	4
of a novel coronavirus	4
with preventive measures and	4
were the most frequently	4
brief stay at arafat	4
leading cause of hospital	4
a cohort of french	4
of streptococcus pneumoniae during	4
countries including saudi arabia	4
hajj in a tertiary	4
mass gatherings other than	4
in the holy cities	4
medication use among pakistani	4
humans in saudi arabia	4
rates of influenza virus	4
diseases and mass gatherings	4
more than half of	4
the presence of the	4
funding received is directed	4
saudi arabia middle east	4
spread of the virus	4
respiratory diseases of the	4
analysis was performed using	4
million muslim pilgrims from	4
were excluded from the	4
of public health security	4
symptoms among hajj pilgrims	4
there is currently no	4
planning recommendations for mass	4
in response to pandemic	4
in the icu were	4
routine death certificate and	4
uenza a h n	4
p r o o	4
by real time rt	4
global public health implications	4
respiratory infections in mgs	4
hajj in response to	4
international public health agencies	4
the united arab emirates	4
holy cities of mecca	4
of an influenza pandemic	4
recommendations for mass gatherings	4
the human research ethics	4
for the management of	4
prevalence of cough was	4
that there is a	4
outbreak of influenza at	4
pilgrims in makkah during	4
infections during mass gathering	4
a l p r	4
hajj and umrah pilgrimages	4
actual use during hajj	4
spread of infectious diseases	4
respiratory viruses at the	4
of the southern hemisphere	4
there is also a	4
the verbal autopsy method	4
city ethics committee and	4
hajj and umra preparation	4
arabia middle east respiratory	4
systematic review and meta	4
the king fahad medical	4
pilgrims from both hemispheres	4
the world scout jamboree	4
robert booy has received	4
positive for influenza viruses	4
that they have no	4
during the influenza pandemic	4
viruses were detected in	4
and prevention of acute	4
of the impact and	4
were from developing countries	4
studies were conducted in	4
of pilgrims from the	4
like illness transmission among	4
units in the hajj	4
mass gathering in the	4
hemorrhagic fever virus in	4
in the th and	4
certificate and verbal autopsy	4
the etiology of severe	4
among healthcare workers serving	4
constitutes a mass gathering	4
man with pneumonia in	4
their actual use during	4
in the last years	4
health lessons for mass	4
the southern hemisphere influenza	4
serving on an advisory	4
of the efficacy of	4
mers coronavirus circulation in	4
the cause of pneumonia	4
prevalence of hrv was	4
received fees from pfizer	4
on a voluntary basis	4
to the large number	4
among umrah and hajj	4
of a large number	4
effect on hajj pilgrims	4
was detected in of	4
of the participants had	4
one of the local	4
antimicrobial use among australian	4
the incidence of the	4
a significant difference in	4
the reference lists of	4
was performed using the	4
health security in saudi	4
the hajj is an	4
our results cannot be	4
the use of facemask	4
public health security in	4
common among hajj pilgrims	4
virus but not mers	4
have been associated with	4
pilgrimage to the holy	4
expected immunizations and health	4
during hajj in the	4
and the use of	4
an average age of	4
patients with middle east	4
hajj samples compared to	4
a systematic review and	4
respiratory viral infections among	4
the context of hajj	4
least one of the	4
taking into account the	4
hajj health conditions for	4
still had respiratory symptoms	4
of french pilgrims in	4
in a study on	4
was performed according to	4
private specialized travel agency	4
health implications of a	4
respiratory pathogens in the	4
analyses were performed using	4
before leaving saudi arabia	4
and those who were	4
of the hajj on	4
and spreading infectious diseases	4
and vaccine strains of	4
their mean age was	4
to the best of	4
the effectiveness of these	4
and the median age	4
immunizations and health protection	4
of suspected tb patients	4
of respiratory symptoms in	4
the uptake of preventive	4
contact with camels and	4
of the constitutional symptoms	4
health care workers in	4
of those who had	4
not mers coronavirus circulation	4
bacteria and viruses that	4
vaccinated as those who	4
was found to be	4
and verbal autopsy findings	4
close contact with others	4
cov in saudi arabia	4
the hajj in saudi	4
of the most common	4
pneumonia in saudi arabia	4
public health issues arising	4
the centers for disease	4
the university of sydney	4
establishment of public health	4
general population and pilgrims	4
coronavirus from a man	4
the midst of an	4
considered statistically significant in	4
th and th centuries	4
their return to australia	4
between circulating strains and	4
of the rna family	4
outbreaks in saudi arabia	4
nasal and throat swab	4
has received funding from	4
use among australian hajj	4
prior to hospital admission	4
study of the impact	4
clinical respiratory infections and	4
approved by the human	4
a private specialized travel	4
for travelers to saudi	4
n a l p	4
prevention of pneumococcal infections	4
cohort study of the	4
to research accounts at	4
with pneumonia in saudi	4
one of the constitutional	4
r o o f	4
was not possible to	4
case of human rabies	4
l p r e	4
increase in the number	4
but not mers coronavirus	4
is the leading cause	4
the presence of a	4
the impact and acquisition	4
arising from mass gathering	4
and the spread of	4
mismatching between circulating strains	4
alert and response for	4
during the peak hajj	4
defined according to the	4
of severe cap in	4
hosts the hajj pilgrimage	4
between saudi arabia and	4
the vast majority of	4
mortality for indonesian hajj	4
association was observed between	4
as one of the	4
restriction of mass gatherings	4
the most common symptoms	4
of the pilgrims were	4
or serving on an	4
of hajj and umrah	4
it was not possible	4
care units in the	4
of infectious diseases at	4
the good clinical practices	4
acute respiratory viral infections	4
outbreaks of infectious diseases	4
the time of sampling	4
fees from pfizer and	4
and umra preparation as	4
the hajj and possible	4
the prevalence of hrv	4
the majority of pilgrims	4
more than two million	4
gatherings other than hajj	4
to pandemic influenza a	4
the eastern mediterranean region	4
the onset of respiratory	4
pilgrims who were aware	4
the spread of covid	4
positive for more than	4
the grand mosque in	4
the th and th	4
security in saudi arabia	4
makkah during the influenza	4
as those who did	4
the mean duration of	4
most of the studies	4
preparation as a leading	4
fever was defined as	4
gathering in the world	4
travel medicine and infectious	4
use of pneumococcal vaccine	4
infl uenza a h	4
hajj have not been	4
health protection for hajj	4
impact and acquisition of	4
deaths were attributed to	4
this is supported by	4
is directed to research	4
the use of pneumococcal	4
health issues arising from	4
are shown in table	4
implications for public health	4
has been poorly investigated	4
the most commonly acquired	4
large numbers of people	4
of the triad of	4
concerning antimicrobial use among	4
survey concerning antimicrobial use	4
in the eastern mediterranean	4
isolation of a novel	4
systematic review of emerging	4
like illness and medication	4
was obtained from the	4
cough with or without	4
received is directed to	4
intensive care units in	4
possible coinfection with streptococcus	4
the definition of ili	4
on an advisory board	4
of arrival into saudi	4
an increasing number of	4
as the presence of	4
vaccine strains of influenza	4
participants were asked to	4
was not detected in	4
history of contact with	4
especially in relation to	4
samples compared to pre	4
be vaccinated as those	4
to be vaccinated as	4
of pandemic influenza a	4
onset of respiratory symptoms	4
public health surveillance and	4
the study was approved	4
the majority of cases	4
of respiratory viruses in	4
hajj pilgrims from both	4
the early stages of	4
the barriers to and	4
a novel human coronavirus	4
in saudi arabia was	4
primary health care centers	4
a cough and sore	4
were attributed to cardiovascular	4
and throat swab specimens	4
all funding received is	4
the saudi thoracic society	4
implications of a mass	4
less likely to occur	4
uptake among hajj pilgrims	4
u r n a	4
healthcare facilities in the	4
booy has received funding	4
on hajj pilgrims from	4
a large proportion of	4
significant difference was observed	4
the institutional review board	4
of the local symptoms	4
in the second week	4
annual hajj pilgrimage and	4
for pneumococcal vaccination in	4
among french pilgrims during	4
those who were unaware	4
treatment and prevention of	4
and possible coinfection with	4
acquisition rates of at	4
were aged between and	4
diarrhea at the hajj	4
of the annual hajj	4
comparison between routine death	4
infectious diseases such as	4
a high risk of	4
of a novel human	4
patients during the hajj	4
hajj period of the	4
and response for mass	4
take part in the	4
severe sepsis and septic	4
is a leading cause	4
those who had respiratory	4
who had respiratory symptoms	4
the hajj and its	4
the other authors have	4
lessons for mass gatherings	4
of a mass gathering	4
from a man with	4
better understanding of the	4
emerging respiratory viruses at	4
in the hajj period	4
hajj in the th	4
influenza and pneumococcal vaccine	4
on the basis of	4
serving pilgrims in makkah	4
circulating strains and vaccine	4
a mass gathering in	4
consulting or serving on	4
illness and medication use	4
directed to research accounts	4
the nature of the	4
from pfizer and novartis	4
of hajj or umrah	4
cities of mecca and	4
impact of the hajj	4
acquisition of respiratory pathogens	4
not detected in any	4
and health protection for	4
of meningococcal disease during	4
likely to be vaccinated	4
j o u r	4
of the common cold	4
in a study by	4
a major cause of	4
received funding from baxter	4
respir viruses influenza not	4
more than one pathogen	4
coinfection with streptococcus pneumoniae	4
by the fact that	4
healthcare workers who treated	4
flight doctor death certificate	4
surveillance of infectious diseases	4
of what constitutes a	4
respiratory symptoms lack of	4
before being transported to	4
by the human research	4
of the participants were	4
a man with pneumonia	4
prevention of acute respiratory	4
influenza vaccine effectiveness among	4
care workers during the	4
healthcare workers serving pilgrims	4
response for mass gatherings	4
committee and the institutional	4
of severe acute respiratory	4
that occurred during the	4
a review of the	4
influenza virus but not	4
arabia during the hajj	4
other respir viruses influenza	4
novel coronavirus from a	4
comparison between pilgrims and	4
causes of mortality for	4
in addition to this	4
workers serving pilgrims in	4
no association was found	4
infectious diseases and mass	4
umra preparation as a	4
streptococcus pneumoniae during the	4
on the occurrence of	4
doctor and two nurses	4
experience of hajj or	4
as a leading example	4
death certificate and verbal	4
arabia during the midst	4
of the hajj pilgrimage	4
of respiratory symptoms lack	4
diseases in saudi arabia	3
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	3
umra and pilgrimage to	3
mg in the world	3
studies before and after	3
these symptoms were respiratory	3
about middle east respiratory	3
health problems that occurred	3
wider global health security	3
mass gathering medical care	3
of participants reported one	3
soap and sanitizers during	3
organizes travel to mecca	3
participants gave written informed	3
in the development of	3
ili was reported in	3
other authors have no	3
diseases as health risks	3
with implications for public	3
were followed during hajj	3
to infectious diseases outbreaks	3
throughout the hajj journey	3
common health hazards in	3
this is in accordance	3
to streptococcus pneumoniae among	3
included in this study	3
interrupt or reduce the	3
event organizers and health	3
from europe during hajj	3
indian hajj medical mission	3
health to all pilgrims	3
conduct of sponsored research	3
between and showed that	3
to the world health	3
of contact with respiratory	3
from the health facilities	3
pneumonia is the leading	3
month of the islamic	3
cannot be extrapolated to	3
pilgrims were considered to	3
of neisseria meningitidis in	3
the uptake of recommended	3
health for mass gatherings	3
the management of community	3
in cohorts of pilgrims	3
stages of the pandemic	3
the outbreak of the	3
with severe acute respiratory	3
at the university of	3
significant association was observed	3
throat swabs were collected	3
isolation and genetic characterization	3
patients treated in the	3
all participants gave written	3
health conditions for travelers	3
imported cases of middle	3
during the study were	3
of the ksa hajj	3
performance of the hajj	3
from the saudi moh	3
sore throat and subjective	3
of respiratory pathogens among	3
cause of hospitalization in	3
papers with at least	3
reduce the risk of	3
after prevalence of mers	3
in saudi arabia the	3
to prevent influenza transmission	3
there are eight hospitals	3
acquisition of streptococcus pneumoniae	3
stores in saudi arabia	3
the hajj and umra	3
vaccination coverage against influenza	3
studies provide complementary data	3
the study period were	3
such as use of	3
to be a major	3
travel advice and health	3
were performed on pairs	3
and mina complete with	3
control beliefs and practices	3
diseases among australian hajj	3
burden of respiratory diseases	3
day music festival in	3
diseases and risk behaviors	3
and pneumococcal vaccine in	3
against infectious diseases among	3
this study is that	3
surveillance and control health	3
an increased risk of	3
conditions and respiratory tract	3
duration of stay in	3
for the hajj pilgrimage	3
amongst indian hajj pilgrims	3
cause respiratory tract infections	3
to healthcare facilities in	3
the risks to pilgrims	3
in the prevention of	3
tract bacterial and viral	3
of these viral zoonotic	3
most of these studies	3
high morbidity and mortality	3
recent study found that	3
issues that arise in	3
participation in the hajj	3
communicable diseases as health	3
the potential effects of	3
the emergence of the	3
both are therefore necessary	3
for public health approaches	3
a total of healthcare	3
the apple app store	3
who got sick during	3
to be effective in	3
the islamic year influenza	3
offer high quality of	3
yield in patients with	3
outbreak in west africa	3
adverse effects of h	3
are among the most	3
of the hajj cough	3
and determination of the	3
for other mass gatherings	3
like illness and influenza	3
studies are required to	3
of the responsible pathogen	3
and ksa residents are	3
marseille for storage at	3
hajj pilgrims in iran	3
hygiene with soap and	3
the disease in saudi	3
study on a voluntary	3
saudi arabia is considered	3
problems that occurred during	3
a recent study found	3
who were vaccinated against	3
hand hygiene with soap	3
associated with lower risk	3
it was suggested that	3
in the field of	3
a role in reducing	3
were vaccinated against influenza	3
follow up study and	3
of respiratory pathogen carriage	3
home countries upon their	3
potential of influenza a	3
quest for public health	3
j travel med doi	3
progressively in subsequent samples	3
influenza vaccination for all	3
samples but was still	3
and mitigation strategies hajj	3
and treatment of influenza	3
more than million muslims	3
of influenza virus infections	3
only a fraction of	3
had respiratory symptoms at	3
have been recorded among	3
time of the year	3
had a history of	3
in the absence of	3
in the united states	3
during the hajj dates	3
virus was isolated from	3
the hajj are a	3
to provide a complete	3
independent positive mutual association	3
authors have no conflicts	3
health related experiences among	3
on an annual basis	3
medical facilities offer high	3
transmission of respiratory infections	3
of a face mask	3
common during hajj in	3
due to the large	3
study of influenza vaccine	3
the hajj took place	3
evaluated the prevalence of	3
updated health hazards and	3
the best of our	3
facilitate reporting and to	3
included in the study	3
aim of this study	3
the risk of diseases	3
were positive before departing	3
of the disease during	3
was more common among	3
continue to be a	3
the western province of	3
the gulf corporation council	3
attended umrah or hajj	3
and response resources of	3
retrospective analysis of data	3
recommended by the saudi	3
are therefore necessary to	3
the mecca cohort and	3
in saudi arabia knowledge	3
response during mass gatherings	3
the first cases of	3
the proportion of female	3
the introduction of a	3
design and data collection	3
risk behaviors of pilgrims	3
from august to september	3
pilgrims departing from marseille	3
mina complete with state	3
were used in the	3
to be the main	3
that cause respiratory tract	3
experiences among international pilgrims	3
response resources of the	3
in an effort to	3
and sore throat were	3
and gastrointestinal tract bacterial	3
cov and those who	3
performed in accordance with	3
swab specimens were obtained	3
necessary to provide a	3
use of antivirals for	3
were aware of the	3
or more recommended vaccines	3
and response during mass	3
malaysian pilgrims attending the	3
risks to pilgrims and	3
saudi arabia and the	3
be the most common	3
compliance with infection control	3
mecca and surrounding holy	3
the points of entry	3
of an ebola outbreak	3
the date of the	3
issues from field studies	3
policy issues from field	3
it was found that	3
pilgrims and ksa residents	3
just before leaving the	3
elderly and those with	3
the days prior to	3
to all pilgrims and	3
face mask use and	3
arabia for the umra	3
respiratory diseases in hajj	3
turkey from the arabian	3
demographic distribution and transmission	3
of symptoms during the	3
high quality of care	3
of influenza at a	3
naspharyngeal carriage of streptococcus	3
accepted participants from west	3
together with other factors	3
who washed their hands	3
and pilgrimage to mecca	3
if a death occurred	3
the healthcare workers in	3
study design and data	3
advisory committee on immunization	3
who were positive before	3
epidemic zoonotic cases of	3
able to provide consent	3
the hajj pilgrimage respiratory	3
were asked to participate	3
to hospitals in the	3
and pilgrims from the	3
region of saudi arabia	3
the mecca cohort compared	3
the pilgrims who were	3
effectiveness among malaysian pilgrims	3
over a number of	3
management of mass gatherings	3
vaccination in hajj pilgrims	3
diseases during the hajj	3
mass gatherings are associated	3
experience of indian hajj	3
and gastrointestinal pathogens among	3
the rest of the	3
of respiratory syncytial virus	3
points of entry in	3
any one of the	3
in general population and	3
sanofi pasteur for the	3
a comprehensive review of	3
of the acquisition of	3
of participants reported receiving	3
syncytial virus infection in	3
respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection	3
subjective fever was defined	3
of pilgrims attending mina	3
who received predeparture vaccination	3
of all mass gatherings	3
urine antigen test was	3
to the indonesian public	3
pilgrims after the hajj	3
influenza vaccine among pilgrims	3
their hands with plain	3
gatherings health risks at	3
to national and international	3
considered to be the	3
offered free to hajj	3
which are among the	3
the hajj season were	3
prophylaxis and treatment of	3
compared with those who	3
and genome fraction yield	3
occurred in the community	3
health security at hajj	3
understanding the unexpectedly low	3
detection of a novel	3
ensure the risks of	3
role of mass gatherings	3
of h n vaccinations	3
number of pilgrims in	3
and to achieve comparability	3
burden of the disease	3
total of participants were	3
of hrv and s	3
no significant differences were	3
the hajj pilgrimage lack	3
novel human coronavirus by	3
in of those who	3
and influenza vaccine uptake	3
this study was conducted	3
carriage of respiratory pathogens	3
is considered to be	3
to curb the covid	3
take into account the	3
defined as sore throat	3
infectious disease outbreaks were	3
a cohort of national	3
hajj the prevalence of	3
units made specifically available	3
infection in saudi arabia	3
a variety of pathogens	3
have no competing interests	3
the level of concern	3
in a mass gathering	3
presence of respiratory symptoms	3
hajj pilgrimage in mecca	3
eight hospitals in makkah	3
should be advised to	3
the participants had influenza	3
the ksa hajj guidelines	3
status and compliance with	3
the statistical package for	3
people at a specific	3
of mortality in indonesian	3
the mortality rate for	3
aged less than years	3
their raw products during	3
the risk of acquiring	3
a smaller number of	3
hajj samples in the	3
got sick during hajj	3
studies need to address	3
returning to their home	3
iranian hajj pilgrims in	3
for more than years	3
respiratory symptoms among pilgrims	3
the virus was isolated	3
insight with implications for	3
active screening and surveillance	3
public health prevention and	3
the arrival of the	3
protocol was approved by	3
h n vaccinations among	3
workers who treated pilgrims	3
common during the hajj	3
interventions to interrupt or	3
public health preparedness for	3
factors were associated with	3
they had been vaccinated	3
the effective use of	3
the verbal autopsy form	3
of the global population	3
who frequently washed their	3
were common during hajj	3
a cohort of pilgrims	3
the united kingdom for	3
symptoms were less frequently	3
health surveillance and epidemiology	3
a summary of the	3
in the past year	3
acute febrile respiratory infection	3
facilities offer high quality	3
a complete picture of	3
vast majority of pilgrims	3
health and infection control	3
of the black nazarene	3
between event organizers and	3
in marseille for storage	3
health hazards in french	3
were treated in the	3
health emergency of international	3
only two were detected	3
spread of respiratory infections	3
measures at the annual	3
effects of h n	3
role in respiratory infections	3
of facemasks to prevent	3
of indian hajj medical	3
pilgrims from europe during	3
control measures at the	3
the mean time between	3
infection during hajj pattern	3
pilgrims departing through king	3
records if a death	3
those with invasive disease	3
wards and intensive care	3
leading cause of hospitalization	3
pilgrims with respiratory infections	3
factors that may play	3
outbreak of middle east	3
on the day of	3
were collected from each	3
has received grant funding	3
the pilgrims and their	3
hajj took place in	3
morbid conditions and respiratory	3
per cent of the	3
difference in the rates	3
knowledge about acute respiratory	3
and the development of	3
iranian hajj pilgrims and	3
samples in the mecca	3
average age of years	3
and cause of death	3
associated with influenza transmission	3
water but was more	3
zika virus and the	3
pilgrims from all over	3
pneumoniae urine antigen test	3
to prevent the spread	3
for influenza h n	3
proportion of adult community	3
vaccine effectiveness among malaysian	3
harunor rashid received fees	3
departing for the ksa	3
admitted to healthcare facilities	3
as health risks at	3
hajj pilgrims to ensure	3
infectious diseases surveillance systems	3
before they left saudi	3
parts of the world	3
specialized travel agency in	3
effective in reducing the	3
pneumococcal vaccine for hajj	3
by the use of	3
entered into multivariable regression	3
that a significant proportion	3
declare that they have	3
total nucleic acids were	3
confirmed cases of mers	3
surgical wards and intensive	3
suspension of the umrah	3
cov was not the	3
complete picture of the	3
the risk of the	3
half of the participants	3
to facilitate reporting and	3
voluntary basis if they	3
the hajj season was	3
in the ksa were	3
reporting and to achieve	3
gatherings are associated with	3
a smartphone app to	3
among those who used	3
the elderly and those	3
cases were reported in	3
pilgrimage protective measures against	3
annual hajj pilgrimage to	3
with an average age	3
infections at mass gatherings	3
fold increase in the	3
subjective fever and sore	3
each sample was tested	3
morbidity and mortality amongst	3
and risk behaviors of	3
effective against respiratory infections	3
and control measures at	3
cases of the virus	3
data collection procedures should	3
more likely to receive	3
an overview of the	3
are eight hospitals in	3
picture of the total	3
no major public health	3
times more likely to	3
the context of covid	3
prospective cohort study was	3
possibly because it was	3
who treated pilgrims during	3
at least respiratory symptom	3
washed their hands with	3
and sanitizers during hajj	3
in pilgrims during the	3
provide a complete picture	3
if they were years	3
the hajj viral respiratory	3
among hajj pilgrims during	3
transmission of respiratory viruses	3
respiratory pathogens among returning	3
to interrupt or reduce	3
and coronavirus e in	3
the cohort studied here	3
with plain water but	3
association between the carriage	3
than that of pre	3
considered as one of	3
art surgical wards and	3
hajj pilgrimage respiratory viruses	3
up study and review	3
we conducted a prospective	3
a total of travellers	3
pharmaceutical preventive measures against	3
at points of entry	3
this was significantly higher	3
were able to provide	3
this study describes the	3
they left saudi arabia	3
conducted during the hajj	3
of streptococcus pneumoniae carriage	3
public health for mass	3
better comparability across studies	3
care units made specifically	3
knowledge about the risk	3
risks of ill health	3
experience of managing the	3
acquired during the stay	3
in patients with middle	3
sore throat were the	3
in hospitalized hajj pilgrims	3
death occurred in the	3
severity of the disease	3
international spread of diseases	3
of these measures has	3
the risks of ill	3
of diseases during hajj	3
hazards in french pilgrims	3
vaccine in the context	3
and both are therefore	3
human coronavirus by real	3
to define respiratory infections	3
hajj pilgrims who received	3
with increased risk of	3
being the most common	3
animals in saudi arabia	3
streptococcus pneumoniae among hajj	3
hajj viral respiratory infections	3
the prevalence of pneumonia	3
on the number of	3
rabies in saudi arabia	3
during the days of	3
samples tested positive for	3
a serious public health	3
low h n burden	3
laboratory in marseille for	3
any of the samples	3
coronavirus in returning travellers	3
transmission of the disease	3
a death occurred in	3
therefore necessary to provide	3
ksa residents are minimal	3
spectrum of respiratory pathogens	3
pathogens among returning hajj	3
on communicable disease alert	3
an analysis of the	3
significant differences were observed	3
or flight doctor death	3
the hajj in the	3
an evaluation of the	3
infectious diseases among australian	3
the spread of influenza	3
to hajj pilgrims to	3
the most beloved and	3
of respiratory infections and	3
at the same time	3
guard health care workers	3
and streptococcus pneumoniae were	3
ensure better comparability across	3
hajj and of the	3
of national guard health	3
the mass gathering event	3
kyasanur forest disease virus	3
part of saudi arabia	3
travel questionnaire that collected	3
in reducing the risks	3
congo hemorrhagic fever virus	3
n vaccinations among a	3
the moh in saudi	3
diagnosed with severe cap	3
with the exception of	3
a number of respiratory	3
uptake of recommended vaccines	3
rashid received fees from	3
investigated the etiology of	3
from around the world	3
but was more common	3
a h n pdm	3
spread rapidly and affect	3
implications of emerging coronaviruses	3
and facilitators of preventive	3
organizers and health authorities	3
due to underlying health	3
distancing and contact avoidance	3
the management of the	3
no statistically significant difference	3
higher than that reported	3
the holy cities of	3
zoonotic cases of influenza	3
more likely to intend	3
of facemasks and hand	3
pilgrims were more likely	3
carriage in pilgrims during	3
opportunities for defining burden	3
hajj and its rites	3
total number of pilgrims	3
most common symptoms used	3
be at risk of	3
streptococcus pneumoniae were the	3
of seasonal influenza vaccination	3
at the hajj are	3
chronic respiratory disease was	3
moh in saudi arabia	3
male to female ratio	3
conditions for travelers to	3
among the most common	3
made specifically available for	3
suffering from at least	3
the hajj pilgrimage has	3
infection during the hajj	3
malaysian hajj pilgrims with	3
travel reported by pilgrims	3
during the pilgrimage in	3
along with one of	3
was defined as any	3
services are offered free	3
pilgrims to ensure the	3
sexual transmission of zika	3
procedures should be standardized	3
to wider global health	3
mecca for the hajj	3
this study is the	3
and mortality amongst indian	3
us food and drug	3
be precisely defined and	3
study was conducted over	3
and fisher exact tests	3
epidemiol glob health doi	3
respiratory pathogens were detected	3
fifa world cup is	3
have not been studied	3
differences in study design	3
depending on the study	3
and facilitators of the	3
measures and exposure to	3
performed on pairs of	3
public health team based	3
throat swab specimens were	3
the spectrum of respiratory	3
the outbreaks in saudi	3
national and international tb	3
risk of acquisition and	3
nasal swab specimens were	3
the mecca holy sites	3
authors declare no conflict	3
first confirmed case of	3
additional health workers are	3
to the intensive care	3
mecca cohort compared to	3
disease outbreaks were common	3
more than of the	3
grand mosque in mecca	3
respiratory and gastrointestinal tract	3
patients in this study	3
risk of respiratory infections	3
using preventive measures during	3
among french hajj pilgrims	3
from countries in the	3
hajj is an annual	3
in a number of	3
distribution and transmission potential	3
good hand hygiene practice	3
after the hajj was	3
to collect data on	3
and genetic characterization of	3
had influenza a h	3
the influenza vaccine before	3
the acquisition of respiratory	3
use of face masks	3
to pilgrims and to	3
hajj pilgrimage protective measures	3
the prevalance of respiratory	3
in iranian pilgrims during	3
of ill health to	3
had close contact with	3
past and current measures	3
the hajj in makkah	3
positive for influenza virus	3
defined as the presence	3
after the hajj season	3
reported one or more	3
health workers are deployed	3
it is useful to	3
further studies are needed	3
conjunction with microbiological surveillance	3
of community acquired pneumonia	3
measures and future prospects	3
which organizes travel to	3
unexpectedly low h n	3
of the flu and	3
ministry of hajj and	3
by the world health	3
the prevalence of different	3
strain the planning and	3
j epidemiol glob health	3
departing through king abdul	3
and viruses that cause	3
subsequent samples but was	3
and respiratory tract manifestations	3
and current recommendations for	3
declare no conflict of	3
of facemasks against respiratory	3
with respiratory tract infections	3
plain water but was	3
home and host countries	3
the primary cause of	3
used to define respiratory	3
bacteria at the hajj	3
and their actual use	3
western province of saudi	3
all ports of entry	3
compulsory influenza and meningococcal	3
raw products during hajj	3
positive mutual association between	3
sore throat and fever	3
public health security at	3
being transported to a	3
for the transmission of	3
significantly associated with the	3
the percentage of respiratory	3
planning and response to	3
proportion of cap cases	3
a major concern during	3
participants who completed the	3
protection from air pollution	3
were collected from all	3
during the hajj viral	3
the role of mass	3
of the respiratory symptoms	3
gsk and sanofi pasteur	3
vaccine in hajj pilgrims	3
of respiratory viruses including	3
significantly higher in post	3
umrah and hajj attendees	3
the total burden of	3
use of a face	3
been controlled to a	3
hajj pilgrims in the	3
demographic factors were associated	3
a high level of	3
during the hajj of	3
to reduce the risk	3
who attended hajj in	3
actual use of preventive	3
in the northern hemisphere	3
planning and response resources	3
facilitators of preventive measures	3
cause of critical illness	3
characteristics of the study	3
the hajj season and	3
makkah for the hajj	3
of the key health	3
as a cause of	3
of influenza virus detection	3
for respiratory virus types	3
and pandemic influenza a	3
at least respiratory virus	3
the transmission of respiratory	3
on the risk of	3
manifestations amongst malaysian hajj	3
pneumoniae carriage in pilgrims	3
pilgrims in this study	3
bacterial and viral infections	3
descriptive study for the	3
during their pilgrimage in	3
among malaysian pilgrims attending	3
reducing the risks to	3
the hajj pilgrimage in	3
to a great extent	3
tract manifestations amongst malaysian	3
major concern during the	3
spread of zika virus	3
none of the demographic	3
the study on a	3
from the city of	3
public health and infection	3
the french pilgrims in	3
of the included studies	3
such as hand hygiene	3
of these symptoms were	3
this may indicate that	3
have been reported among	3
the highest number of	3
social distancing and contact	3
had at least one	3
in mecca and surrounding	3
pilgrims aged years and	3
the quest for public	3
and of most common	3
causes of hospital admission	3
in the occurrence of	3
fraction yield in patients	3
to the haj in	3
during the hajj the	3
to the presence of	3
participants from west africa	3
were the most frequent	3
participants were positive for	3
a global health security	3
feast of the black	3
importance of circulating influenza	3
dual carriage of h	3
was defined as subjective	3
pneumoniae among hajj pilgrims	3
tuberculosis and mass gatherings	3
pilgrims during their stay	3
is likely due to	3
of h n influenza	3
statistical analysis was performed	3
the second week of	3
associated with an increased	3
mortality in indonesian pilgrims	3
on the th day	3
risk factors for possible	3
pilgrims and the effect	3
changes in the prevalence	3
a study was conducted	3
and septic shock at	3
two million pilgrims from	3
confirmed tb cases were	3
illness and influenza vaccine	3
of the total burden	3
of people at a	3
of visitors to the	3
the before and after	3
of respiratory and gastrointestinal	3
kingdom for middle east	3
accordance with the ethics	3
the city of mecca	3
according to the presence	3
genome fraction yield in	3
were classified as high	3
the hospital or flight	3
tested for respiratory virus	3
scores were obtained for	3
who guidelines on communicable	3
development of symptoms suggestive	3
hajj on pneumococcal transmission	3
high risk due to	3
to assess variables and	3
to be precisely defined	3
risk of acquiring respiratory	3
vaccination of hajj pilgrims	3
that arise in pilgrims	3
total of healthcare workers	3
of respiratory virus infections	3
influenza vaccine in the	3
of pilgrims during the	3
french pilgrims after prevalence	3
common respiratory virus was	3
control health risks at	3
met the inclusion criteria	3
screening of tb suspects	3
we investigated the etiology	3
all pilgrims and ksa	3
between the carriage of	3
as a public health	3
with one of the	3
workers in contact with	3
cohort of national guard	3
from at least one	3
of participants reported developing	3
acceptance and adverse effects	3
swab specimens were collected	3
who do not have	3
and services are offered	3
large number of people	3
the hajj health conditions	3
are consistent with the	3
effect of influenza vaccination	3
accordance with the good	3
likely to intend to	3
alert and response during	3
gave written informed consent	3
hospitals in makkah during	3
of pneumonia among pilgrims	3
a public health emergency	3
to ensure the risks	3
international pilgrims departing through	3
pilgrims and to wider	3
at the annual hajj	3
viruses that cause respiratory	3
and viral respiratory pathogens	3
thought to be the	3
of the largest annual	3
played an important role	3
an important cause of	3
school of public health	3
time reverse transcriptase pcr	3
by the indonesian public	3
are in line with	3
there was a significant	3
any time of the	3
asked to participate in	3
vaccinations among a cohort	3
pneumonia is a leading	3
food and drug administration	3
to underlying health conditions	3
of most common symptoms	3
prevalence of the respiratory	3
surveillance during the hajj	3
acquisition of naspharyngeal carriage	3
the most frequently reported	3
of the use of	3
those who were concerned	3
largest annual mass gathering	3
the key health issues	3
of influenza vaccine effectiveness	3
at a specific site	3
frequently washed their hands	3
the association between pre	3
hands with plain water	3
respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms	3
to present at conferences	3
these studies were conducted	3
response to pandemic influenza	3
the importance of circulating	3
were positive for more	3
basis if they were	3
specifically available for pilgrims	3
runny nose was less	3
median age was years	3
the first week of	3
of the cases were	3
in saudi arabia were	3
measures against respiratory tract	3
future studies need to	3
proportion of female deaths	3
effective use of antivirals	3
the saudi moh to	3
of hospital admission during	3
and to wider global	3
tests were performed on	3
of pilgrims who were	3
vaccinated against influenza in	3
was higher than that	3
in rio de janeiro	3
compared to those who	3
defined and consistently used	3
results cannot be extrapolated	3
of the influenza vaccine	3
the occurrence of respiratory	3
transmission potential of influenza	3
or reduce the spread	3
risk of diseases during	3
rates of influenza vaccination	3
travel implications of emerging	3
were operational during the	3
using a smartphone app	3
pilgrims and their contacts	3
attributable to streptococcus pneumoniae	3
year retrospective analysis of	3
streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in	3
prospective descriptive study for	3
is supported by a	3
in the outcome of	3
were acquired during the	3
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	3
primary cause of critical	3
and their contacts after	3
for the umra and	3
peak days of hajj	3
amongst malaysian hajj pilgrims	3
participants reported one or	3
cohorts ensure better comparability	3
the hajj is a	3
a h n viruses	3
of entry in china	3
with lower risk of	3
surveillance in the united	3
cov were more likely	3
the public health response	3
and intensive care units	3
are needed to assess	3
as an early warning	3
in a study of	3
within the hajj areas	3
gastrointestinal tract bacterial and	3
because it was also	3
assay for detection of	3
the carriage of the	3
national guard health care	3
total burden of respiratory	3
the carriage of respiratory	3
and the optimal surveillance	3
infectious diseases during the	3
the risk of disease	3
mortality amongst indian hajj	3
those who do not	3
the incidence of febrile	3
related acute respiratory infection	3
types a and b	3
the duration of the	3
year follow up study	3
the most frequent symptoms	3
saudi arabia during hajj	3
practice of preventive measures	3
of h n vaccine	3
united kingdom for middle	3
cohort study pandemic influenza	3
and current measures and	3
through king abdul aziz	3
their pilgrimage in the	3
infection control beliefs and	3
risk of the transmission	3
prospective cohort study pandemic	3
risk due to underlying	3
and of the ksa	3
by public health officials	3
role in reducing the	3
early warning system for	3
the potential for pneumococcal	3
the rate of ili	3
hajj is the largest	3
a brief stay at	3
the hospital surveillance teams	3
from mecca and karbala	3
measures has been poorly	3
arise in pilgrims from	3
etiology of severe cap	3
the advisory committee on	3
a laboratory in marseille	3
and considering an error	3
respiratory syncytial virus infection	3
study for the period	3
during hajj and of	3
influenza h n virus	3
screening and surveillance in	3
respiratory tract manifestations amongst	3
an independent positive mutual	3
the overall number of	3
for the control of	3
potential for pneumococcal vaccination	3
the holy mosque in	3
pasteur for the conduct	3
hajj travel agents in	3
precisely defined and consistently	3
cause of morbidity and	3
an outbreak of measles	3
the most common infections	3
a and pandemic influenza	3
at international mass gatherings	3
flu and pneumovax vaccines	3
the h n influenza	3
and surveillance in the	3
specimens were obtained from	3
travelling to saudi arabia	3
best of our knowledge	3
current measures and future	3
invited to participate in	3
to achieve comparability between	3
it was stated that	3
hajj medical mission in	3
the first of its	3
of infectious diseases among	3
onset of symptoms during	3
year experience of indian	3
the occurrence of zoonotic	3
pilgrims who received predeparture	3
the results of this	3
at least respiratory bacterium	3
a voluntary basis if	3
is the largest annual	3
belongs to the genus	3
a h n vaccination	3
in subsequent samples but	3
numbers of people attending	3
saudi ministry of hajj	3
the flu and pneumovax	3
were shown to be	3
work was carried out	3
hajj respiratory tract infection	3
or more illness symptoms	3
presented with respiratory symptoms	3
classified as high risk	3
to middle east respiratory	3
throughout the year in	3
europe during hajj and	3
the majority of the	3
and were able to	3
vaccination for hajj pilgrims	3
transmission of influenza a	3
was the main reason	3