bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
chronic obstructive	1713
pulmonary disease	1657
obstructive pulmonary	1619
copd patients	931
epithelial cells	703
lung function	633
intensive care	545
lung cancer	526
lung disease	506
copd exacerbations	431
acute exacerbations	428
signifi cant	404
respiratory failure	391
mechanical ventilation	378
respiratory tract	375
mean age	363
signifi cantly	361
cigarette smoke	353
identifi ed	347
airway inflammation	339
emergency department	333
acute respiratory	331
risk factors	326
viral infections	308
chronic bronchitis	307
airway epithelial	301
care unit	283
infl ammation	269
infl ammatory	264
health care	257
oxidative stress	256
cystic fibrosis	255
acute exacerbation	253
confl ict	253
viral infection	243
ethics regulations	238
respiratory viruses	230
gene expression	225
lung diseases	225
immune response	224
septic shock	222
patients admitted	217
control group	215
two groups	208
pulmonary function	205
infl uenza	204
pulmonary fibrosis	202
critically ill	201
alveolar macrophages	201
rhinovirus infection	199
pulmonary rehabilitation	194
respiratory symptoms	192
respiratory disease	191
smooth muscle	188
increased risk	187
cohort study	178
controlled trial	174
statistically significant	172
rv infection	170
lung tissue	170
inflammatory response	170
respiratory syncytial	170
lower respiratory	169
immune responses	169
primary care	168
severe asthma	166
asthma exacerbations	166
blood pressure	164
logistic regression	164
systematic review	164
syncytial virus	164
bronchial epithelial	161
cardiac arrest	159
innate immune	159
copd exacerbation	158
fi rst	157
risk factor	152
randomized controlled	150
ill patients	150
healthy controls	149
heart failure	149
fi brosis	148
lung injury	148
bacterial infection	147
haemophilus influenzae	145
severe copd	144
respiratory distress	144
bronchoalveolar lavage	143
study period	141
determine whether	141
clinical trials	141
significantly higher	140
measured using	137
significant difference	137
defi ned	135
human lung	135
air pollution	135
heart rate	134
mg kg	134
may also	134
antibiotic therapy	134
growth factor	133
important role	133
median age	132
asthmatic patients	132
fl uid	131
obstructive lung	131
stable copd	130
adult patients	130
dendritic cells	130
pulmonary hypertension	129
nitric oxide	128
virus infection	128
prospective study	126
mortality rate	126
doc id	125
cord uid	125
chronic respiratory	124
invasive ventilation	124
peripheral blood	124
hospital mortality	123
icu admission	122
immune system	122
asthma control	122
apoptotic cells	121
fev fvc	121
airflow limitation	120
chronic lung	119
respiratory viral	119
significant differences	118
copd subjects	117
respiratory infections	117
inhaled corticosteroids	117
age years	117
airflow obstruction	116
airway epithelium	116
carbon monoxide	116
blood flow	115
month period	113
patients presenting	111
years old	111
ng ml	110
among patients	110
elderly patients	109
mm hg	108
fi ndings	108
interstitial lung	108
clinical practice	108
epithelial cell	108
one patient	107
side effects	107
hospital admission	106
data suggest	106
pseudomonas aeruginosa	106
acquired pneumonia	106
pulmonary artery	105
observational study	104
idiopathic pulmonary	103
mrna expression	103
inflammatory cells	102
high risk	102
disease severity	102
arterial blood	101
respiratory diseases	101
physical activity	100
tract infections	100
airway obstruction	99
organ failure	99
ed patients	99
factors associated	99
airway smooth	98
performed using	98
respiratory system	98
primary outcome	98
icu patients	97
multivariate analysis	97
cardiac output	97
pulmonary embolism	97
patients received	96
united states	96
smoking cessation	96
inflammatory cytokines	96
severe acute	95
asthmatic subjects	95
gas exchange	95
leading cause	95
chest pain	94
patients treated	94
young children	94
upper respiratory	94
fev predicted	93
consecutive patients	93
bacterial infections	93
pg ml	92
tidal volume	92
acute lung	91
respiratory rate	90
least one	90
animal models	90
airways disease	90
retrospective study	90
goblet cell	89
heme oxygenase	89
severe exacerbations	89
group i	88
ed visits	88
mesenchymal stem	88
ml kg	88
upper airway	87
inclusion criteria	87
distress syndrome	87
lower airway	87
human rhinovirus	86
bone marrow	86
statistical analysis	86
vocal cord	86
oxygen saturation	86
induced sputum	86
apoptotic cell	85
pilot study	85
significantly lower	85
healthy subjects	85
increased airway	84
adverse events	84
adverse effects	84
patients without	84
mouse model	84
cell lines	83
lung transplant	83
stem cells	83
commonly used	83
respiratory illness	83
older adults	83
action plan	82
experimental rhinovirus	82
oxygen therapy	82
three patients	82
apache ii	81
hospital admissions	81
airway pressure	81
lung volume	81
cystic fi	81
long term	81
mechanically ventilated	81
influenza virus	81
emergency medicine	81
necrosis factor	80
critical care	80
lung inflammation	80
interest nil	80
cant differences	80
myocardial infarction	80
asm cells	80
interest none	80
odds ratio	79
control subjects	79
clinical trial	79
year period	79
mouse models	79
inflammatory responses	78
university hospital	78
current smokers	78
immune cells	78
two patients	78
inflammatory mediators	77
hospital stay	77
controlled trials	77
asm cell	77
results patients	77
air travel	77
human airway	76
present study	76
lower airways	76
acute bronchitis	76
regression analysis	75
cantly higher	75
author funder	75
granted medrxiv	75
independently associated	74
significant increase	74
respiratory virus	74
medical records	74
clinical characteristics	74
blood gas	74
stem cell	73
airway disease	73
increased expression	73
sputum samples	73
patients hospitalized	73
coronavirus disease	73
extracellular matrix	73
smoking history	72
significantly increased	72
airway narrowing	72
cytokine production	72
public health	72
respiratory syndrome	71
renal failure	71
stable patients	71
mass index	71
informed consent	71
predictive value	71
like receptor	70
pulmonary vascular	70
copyright holder	69
year old	69
care providers	69
recent studies	69
general population	69
hypercapnic respiratory	69
patients receiving	69
significantly reduced	69
world health	69
infl uence	69
tobacco smoke	68
forced expiratory	68
lung transplantation	68
made available	68
body mass	68
previous studies	68
may contribute	68
trauma patients	68
clinical data	68
inflammatory markers	68
viral replication	68
current asthma	67
antibiotic treatment	67
polymerase chain	67
chain reaction	67
cigarette smoking	67
icu stay	67
hypertonic saline	67
arterial pressure	67
care units	67
streptococcus pneumoniae	67
ventilated patients	66
within hours	66
pao fio	66
acute asthma	66
airfl ow	66
heart disease	66
age groups	66
tumor necrosis	66
ct scan	65
global initiative	65
lung microbiome	65
disease progression	65
airway hyperresponsiveness	65
barrier function	65
thoracic society	65
small airways	65
cord movement	64
blood gases	64
tertiary care	64
clinical outcomes	64
adaptive immune	64
admission rates	64
included patients	64
time spent	63
ow obstruction	63
pulmonary diseases	63
sectional study	63
chronic inflammatory	63
airway macrophages	63
significantly associated	63
molecular mechanisms	62
international license	62
hospitalized patients	62
sample size	62
results suggest	62
ml min	62
statistically signifi	62
clinical features	62
respiratory infection	62
patients undergoing	61
increased levels	61
expiratory flow	61
cell surface	61
may play	61
induced lung	61
systemic inflammation	61
type i	61
significantly different	61
function tests	61
health status	61
mean difference	61
cell proliferation	60
nontypeable haemophilus	60
airway infl	60
asthma symptoms	60
linear regression	60
analysed using	60
expiratory volume	60
health organization	60
version posted	60
cellular senescence	60
carbon dioxide	60
central venous	60
study aimed	59
obstructive sleep	59
smoke exposure	59
blood cultures	59
pleural ultrasound	59
nomination nil	59
group ii	59
patients died	58
ammatory cytokines	58
pressure support	58
tidal breathing	58
asthma exacerbation	58
healthy volunteers	58
several studies	58
chronic cough	58
high levels	58
data collection	58
asthma patients	57
cant difference	57
cancer cells	57
gas transfer	57
sex hormones	57
within days	57
airway diseases	57
acute care	57
well tolerated	57
adhesion molecule	57
cell death	57
mean fev	57
function testing	57
confi rmed	56
lung volumes	56
proinflammatory cytokines	56
neutrophil elastase	56
stable state	56
sputum production	56
noninvasive ventilation	56
asm layer	56
induced exacerbations	56
reactive protein	56
crp levels	56
neutrophilic inflammation	56
median time	56
patients may	55
peak flow	55
childhood asthma	55
cell types	55
nucleic acid	55
persistent asthma	55
retrospective review	55
pleural effusions	55
chronic diseases	55
prospective observational	55
vital signs	54
data collected	54
differentially expressed	54
gold stage	54
protein levels	54
tissue damage	54
exacerbation frequency	54
diffi cult	54
odds ratios	54
international congresses	54
bacterial colonization	54
mycobacterium tuberculosis	54
gold standard	54
exercise capacity	53
global strategy	53
treatment failure	53
secondary outcomes	53
prospective cohort	53
reactive oxygen	53
oxygen species	53
mean value	53
ab ab	53
support nhmrc	52
current study	52
gene transfer	52
culture positive	52
significant improvement	52
study population	52
cardiac surgery	52
induced pulmonary	52
minute walk	52
per year	52
smoking status	52
chest wall	52
virus infections	52
mental health	52
ventilatory support	52
replacement therapy	52
computed tomography	52
time pcr	52
children aged	52
effi cacy	52
control study	52
respiratory health	51
host immune	51
may lead	51
induced asthma	51
analyzed using	51
allergic asthma	51
endothelial cells	51
allergic airway	51
goblet cells	51
ii score	51
spent outdoors	51
palliative care	51
fl ow	51
average age	50
days post	50
mucus production	50
may result	50
age group	50
study group	50
bronchial epithelium	50
seven patients	50
recent study	50
descriptive statistics	50
particulate matter	50
flow cytometry	50
transcription factor	50
receptor expression	49
innate immunity	49
chronic disease	49
time points	49
respiratory function	49
one study	49
airway resistance	49
assessed using	49
peak expiratory	49
may reduce	49
disease exacerbations	49
clinically relevant	49
pulmonary arterial	49
transforming growth	49
methods subjects	49
saps ii	48
protein expression	48
pleural fl	48
frequent exacerbations	48
sofa score	48
nucleic acids	48
converting enzyme	48
new zealand	48
one year	48
severe sepsis	48
ed visit	48
survival rate	48
health study	48
randomised controlled	48
diffusing capacity	48
airway responsiveness	48
clinically significant	48
common cause	48
chart review	48
right ventricular	48
inhaler technique	47
influenza vaccination	47
success rate	47
serum levels	47
human disease	47
total lung	47
ventilation heterogeneity	47
pleural effusion	47
minute ventilation	47
protein kinase	47
mucus hypersecretion	47
alveolar macrophage	47
energy expenditure	47
mean duration	47
lung epithelial	46
epithelial barrier	46
oral corticosteroids	46
tract infection	46
infectious diseases	46
blood samples	46
human metapneumovirus	46
adhesion molecules	46
oscillation technique	46
medrxiv preprint	46
case report	46
adverse event	46
airway wall	46
skeletal muscle	46
cell line	46
also found	45
forced oscillation	45
congestive heart	45
nutritional status	45
expression levels	45
brain injury	45
mucociliary clearance	45
medical care	45
dynamic hyperinflation	45
blended learning	45
exclusion criteria	45
aged years	45
acute rejection	45
increased susceptibility	45
diabetes mellitus	45
determined using	45
may provide	45
studies using	45
kg min	45
chronic inflammation	45
methods patients	44
vascular resistance	44
complication rate	44
muscle cells	44
cell lung	44
allergic rhinitis	44
type ii	44
severe covid	44
high mortality	44
mesenchymal stromal	44
cardiovascular disease	44
dl co	44
focus groups	44
mononuclear cells	44
higher risk	44
lung health	44
vo peak	44
per patient	44
may help	44
inflammatory lung	44
roundtable group	43
major cause	43
peer review	43
early life	43
sex differences	43
significant decrease	43
preliminary results	43
host defense	43
studies suggest	43
moraxella catarrhalis	43
transcription factors	43
mg ml	43
findings suggest	43
one hundred	43
patients diagnosed	43
hyperinfl ation	43
stable chronic	43
invasive mechanical	43
study aims	42
hh pathway	42
foreign body	42
gord symptoms	42
intervention group	42
airway distensibility	42
pressure ventilation	42
cancer patients	42
airway remodelling	42
type diabetes	42
vte prophylaxis	42
ow cytometry	42
patient demographics	42
disease control	42
asthma severity	42
gold guidelines	41
symptom scores	41
cytokine release	41
clinical course	41
airway remodeling	41
medication use	41
demographic data	41
pulmonary inflammation	41
body weight	41
older people	41
inflammatory cytokine	41
multiple organ	41
respiratory pathogens	41
exhaled nitric	41
weight loss	41
low risk	41
patients requiring	40
increased sputum	40
western blot	40
future studies	40
fi broblasts	40
three different	40
methods retrospective	40
diagnostic yield	40
overall survival	40
patient care	40
increased mortality	40
novel coronavirus	40
septic patients	40
copd may	40
patients aged	40
see table	40
elastic recoil	40
endotracheal tube	40
medical center	40
univariate analysis	40
copd group	39
four patients	39
patients showed	39
three months	39
walk test	39
community acquired	39
environmental factors	39
northern territory	39
matrix metalloproteinase	39
per day	39
emergency departments	39
left ventricular	39
normal subjects	39
osa patients	39
positive airway	39
two years	39
lung tissues	39
respiratory medicine	39
head injury	39
viral respiratory	39
fi ciency	39
months later	39
asthma foundation	39
pulmonary infection	39
house dust	39
immunocompromised patients	38
infection may	38
retrospective cohort	38
higher levels	38
strongly associated	38
also showed	38
stromal cells	38
small airway	38
asthma phenotypes	38
severe persistent	38
quantifi ed	38
patients required	38
positive pressure	38
many patients	38
refl ux	38
mean arterial	38
diagnosed asthma	38
liver disease	38
fi nal	38
compared using	37
methods data	37
severe disease	37
mortality rates	37
study using	37
reproductive factors	37
study showed	37
sleep apnea	37
standard deviation	37
effi ciency	37
vital capacity	37
fold increase	37
increased numbers	37
severe ards	37
fl exible	37
never smokers	37
cell volume	37
lactate levels	37
clinical signs	37
pulmonary edema	37
hospital discharge	37
th cells	37
dust mite	37
also associated	37
acute severe	37
interstitial pneumonia	37
significant reduction	36
mast cells	36
ea bpco	36
medical students	36
respiratory acidosis	36
combination therapy	36
natural history	36
general practice	36
common cold	36
ceacam expression	36
may occur	36
young copd	36
influenza infection	36
neutrophilic asthma	36
cardiac index	36
spontaneous breathing	36
eight patients	36
chlamydia pneumoniae	36
high prevalence	36
viral pathogens	36
collagen iv	36
signaling pathways	36
ammatory mediators	36
allergen exposure	36
data analysis	36
drug delivery	36
macrophage function	36
small number	36
usual care	36
clinical assessment	36
infi ltrates	36
negative predictive	36
written action	36
coronary artery	36
months post	36
limited data	36
mice exposed	36
table shows	36
action plans	36
higher rates	36
medical research	35
plasma levels	35
mg dl	35
pain management	35
growth factors	35
regression model	35
first hours	35
allergic disease	35
early detection	35
key role	35
fvc ratio	35
wide range	35
copd roundtable	35
fl ocked	35
clinically signifi	35
emphysema extent	35
pregnant women	35
initial phase	35
expression profi	35
staphylococcus aureus	35
five patients	35
febrile neutropenia	35
chest radiograph	35
level i	35
cell type	35
arterial hypertension	35
secondary bacterial	35
less likely	35
pulmonary tuberculosis	35
acute renal	35
ten patients	35
pacific region	35
cell culture	35
airway epithelia	34
response rate	34
inhaled corticosteroid	34
statistical difference	34
care services	34
risk patients	34
recent years	34
protective effect	34
spontaneous pneumothorax	34
medical history	34
murine model	34
retrospective audit	34
first days	34
emergency physicians	34
patient outcomes	34
focus group	34
patients compared	34
whole blood	34
without copd	34
retrospective analysis	34
increasing age	34
blood mononuclear	34
study included	34
another study	34
phase iii	33
old male	33
right heart	33
phagocytic ability	33
daily living	33
angiotensin ii	33
antibiotic use	33
last years	33
health outcomes	33
prince charles	33
acute phase	33
inhaled therapy	33
viral load	33
clinical symptoms	33
alveolar epithelial	33
hong kong	33
preliminary data	33
without asthma	33
bone mineral	33
eosinophilic asthma	33
large number	33
syndrome coronavirus	33
study conducted	33
cardiogenic shock	33
ed physicians	33
sleep apnoea	33
reverse transcribed	33
educational intervention	33
acute myocardial	33
human bronchial	33
chest tightness	33
charles hospital	33
acute cough	33
hydrogen peroxide	33
small cell	33
rsv infection	32
patients attending	32
city hospital	32
patients presented	32
ats ers	32
endotracheal intubation	32
confidence interval	32
pediatric patients	32
venous blood	32
even though	32
systemic corticosteroids	32
case series	32
death worldwide	32
control groups	32
poorly understood	32
first year	32
family members	32
lung mechanics	32
overall mortality	32
nuclear factor	32
epidermal growth	32
lung infl	32
bacterial pathogens	32
pulmonary tb	32
oral prednisolone	32
disease exacerbation	32
trend towards	32
clinical outcome	32
six patients	32
bp deletion	32
remains controversial	32
respiratory physicians	32
day mortality	32
recognition receptors	32
demographic characteristics	32
total number	32
previously shown	32
asthma education	32
inflammatory diseases	31
confidence intervals	31
last months	31
antimicrobial peptides	31
fi bre	31
fio ratio	31
cancer cell	31
significant correlation	31
observational cohort	31
bronchopulmonary dysplasia	31
induced airway	31
infl uenzae	31
study shows	31
patients suffering	31
modifi ed	31
secondary analysis	31
experimental infection	31
index case	31
research support	31
taken together	31
ex vivo	31
scientific studies	31
care settings	31
blood culture	31
two methods	31
million people	31
like receptors	31
clinical decision	31
support scientific	31
diagnostic accuracy	31
airway dysfunction	31
may cause	31
teaching hospital	31
widely used	31
viral rna	31
cell counts	31
mechanisms underlying	31
macrophage phagocytosis	31
infection control	31
ammatory response	30
normal range	30
lavage fluid	30
predicted fev	30
decision making	30
related quality	30
care bundle	30
asthma management	30
independent risk	30
poor prognosis	30
flow rate	30
airway hyper	30
lung parenchyma	30
lung cancers	30
calculated using	30
respiratory mechanics	30
tight junctions	30
time course	30
convenience sample	30
infected cells	30
exercise tolerance	30
icu mortality	30
muc ac	30
symptom control	30
ed using	30
exact test	30
disease patients	30
lung capacity	30
protective role	30
signaling pathway	30
bacterial load	30
national health	30
healthy individuals	30
mean values	30
one subject	30
immune defect	30
renal replacement	30
well established	30
treatment options	30
general medical	30
high fat	30
diesel exhaust	29
also assessed	29
significantly improved	29
children born	29
pleural infection	29
connective tissue	29
bronchial asthma	29
cell hyperplasia	29
patient groups	29
allergen challenge	29
airway cells	29
exible bronchoscopy	29
acting beta	29
quantifi cation	29
ct scans	29
therapeutic intervention	29
inhaled steroids	29
lymph nodes	29
two different	29
diagnostic tests	29
antitrypsin deficiency	29
trauma center	29
eosinophilic inflammation	29
hfnc group	29
lymph node	29
prognostic factors	29
cell apoptosis	29
transplant patients	29
disordered breathing	29
reduced expression	29
conducting airways	29
oxygen consumption	29
infected mice	29
activated protein	29
health services	29
sex ratio	29
outcome measures	29
older age	29
sputum purulence	29
two studies	29
study design	29
surfactant protein	29
infection induces	29
randomized clinical	29
observational studies	29
sprint junior	28
inflammatory cell	28
copd pathogenesis	28
lc sprint	28
cantly different	28
second test	28
ww use	28
emergency room	28
exercise training	28
appropriate vte	28
sputum induction	28
cell parameters	28
patients reported	28
study suggests	28
viral exacerbations	28
ocked swabs	28
advanced glycation	28
body inhalation	28
discharge care	28
classifi ed	28
cell metaplasia	28
using standard	28
requiring mechanical	28
patient population	28
high level	28
retrospective chart	28
intercellular adhesion	28
forced vital	28
quantitative pcr	28
ethics committee	28
clinical studies	28
receiver operating	28
low dose	28
niv group	28
patient age	28
oxygen use	28
null mefs	28
ipf patients	28
pulmonary infi	28
rhinovirus colds	28
metal screws	28
may increase	28
haematological malignancy	28
clinical presentation	28
recurrent exacerbations	28
cell adhesion	28
sleep study	28
ct larynx	28
olic acid	28
acute copd	28
positive predictive	28
pulmonary fi	28
lung fibrosis	28
younger age	28
pacifi ca	28
mitochondrial dysfunction	28
family history	28
nasal fl	28
associated pneumonia	28
without bpd	28
highly prevalent	28
born preterm	28
significantly decreased	28
significant change	28
median length	27
mesenchymal transition	27
lung infection	27
diagnostic procedures	27
function impairment	27
glycation end	27
respiratory questionnaire	27
cell numbers	27
cantly lower	27
respiratory muscle	27
asthma outcomes	27
nhbe cells	27
lung damage	27
american thoracic	27
glasgow coma	27
smoke extract	27
increased inflammation	27
cell migration	27
allergic diseases	27
well known	27
care system	27
preterm birth	27
methods children	27
air quality	27
lung resection	27
cell pro	27
viral pathogen	27
chronic asthma	27
nervous system	27
scoring system	27
thoracic medicine	27
depth image	27
independent predictors	27
patient satisfaction	27
clinical parameters	27
significant changes	27
corticosteroid therapy	27
study will	27
data indicate	27
data will	27
i trauma	27
hours post	27
influenza viruses	27
one hour	27
airways inflammation	27
patient characteristics	27
wt mice	27
service model	27
higher mortality	27
blood lactate	27
organ dysfunction	26
tertiary hospital	26
oxygen desaturation	26
clinical diagnosis	26
per hour	26
disease pathogenesis	26
flow nasal	26
asthma action	26
statistical significance	26
medical record	26
randomly assigned	26
parainfl uenza	26
first study	26
human cell	26
radiation exposure	26
ards patients	26
stage iii	26
traumatic brain	26
national heart	26
poor asthma	26
steroid treatment	26
breath condensate	26
patients underwent	26
randomly selected	26
outcome measure	26
positive correlation	26
collected included	26
significantly less	26
oxygen supplementation	26
liver transplantation	26
pattern recognition	26
chief complaint	26
activity levels	26
better understanding	26
chronic rhinosinusitis	26
benefi ts	26
exhaled breath	26
epidemiological studies	26
niv failure	26
abdominal pain	26
cd cd	26
host response	26
one case	26
time period	26
admitted patients	26
results participants	26
acute viral	26
medical staff	26
early diagnosis	26
volume density	26
niv service	26
high dose	26
air pollutants	26
collected data	26
year follow	26
many studies	25
non invasive	25
carcinoembryonic antigen	25
hemodynamic parameters	25
previously described	25
longitudinal health	25
atrial fibrillation	25
first time	25
asthma development	25
sputum cultures	25
remains unclear	25
education program	25
results show	25
evidence suggests	25
volume fraction	25
surgical intervention	25
real time	25
year survival	25
bronchodilator response	25
tasmanian longitudinal	25
average length	25
patients infected	25
old copd	25
normal lung	25
intubated patients	25
healthy smokers	25
common respiratory	25
pulmonary emphysema	25
inflammatory process	25
respiratory illnesses	25
geometric mean	25
blood volume	25
sea level	25
nine patients	25
associated molecular	25
following treatment	25
asthma pathogenesis	25
inflammatory effects	25
intercostal catheter	25
incidence rate	25
pacientes con	25
may affect	25
artery pressure	25
general practitioners	25
dependent manner	25
tuberculosis infection	25
academic ed	25
severe chronic	25
three groups	25
chronic airway	25
bacterial species	25
wild type	25
therapeutic strategies	25
case reports	25
influenza vaccine	25
patients referred	25
likely due	25
antibiotic resistance	25
liver function	25
venous thrombosis	25
airway neutrophilia	25
fatty acids	25
care contacts	25
following rv	25
experimental rv	25
expiratory pressure	25
decreased expression	25
asthmatic children	25
proinflammatory cytokine	25
sirna delivery	25
el tratamiento	25
disease caused	25
old non	25
common symptom	25
blood institute	25
economic burden	25
kidney injury	24
clinical audit	24
image sensor	24
port hedland	24
alveolar epithelium	24
cell count	24
systolic blood	24
normal spirometry	24
retrospective case	24
young non	24
risk group	24
asthma candidate	24
diagnostic criteria	24
respiratory muscles	24
health problem	24
dietary intake	24
endotoxin levels	24
function decline	24
literature review	24
posted june	24
surface area	24
chronic infl	24
relative risk	24
tissue samples	24
cells may	24
study involving	24
tight junction	24
cardiac function	24
significantly elevated	24
viral titre	24
often used	24
patients following	24
patients using	24
identifi cation	24
increased significantly	24
glucose tolerance	24
natural killer	24
future research	24
profi le	24
systemic inflammatory	24
additional file	24
urgent hcu	24
recent evidence	24
potential therapeutic	24
th day	24
cell clearance	24
royal adelaide	24
central role	24
las agudizaciones	24
induced emphysema	24
poor outcome	24
sleep disordered	24
des arg	24
sputum volume	24
walk distance	24
patients completed	24
normal cxr	24
smokers vs	24
identify patients	24
using pcr	24
antimicrobial therapy	24
four groups	24
respiratory epithelial	24
pediatric emergency	24
human respiratory	24
factor receptor	24
rage expression	24
deficient mice	24
like cells	24
mycoplasma pneumoniae	24
injury severity	24
older patients	24
patients discharged	24
rat model	24
new treatment	24
higher incidence	24
available data	24
mc sn	24
ics laba	24
aspiration pneumonia	24
tyrosine kinase	24
adjusted odds	24
internal medicine	24
primary health	24
severity score	24
bacterial clearance	24
results showed	24
young adults	24
hospital cardiac	24
subjects underwent	24
saline challenge	23
fifty percent	23
investigated whether	23
global burden	23
socioeconomic status	23
gas analysis	23
samples collected	23
jugular bulb	23
airway management	23
th cytokines	23
composite outcome	23
therapeutic approaches	23
least two	23
studies showed	23
fatty acid	23
eosinophil count	23
attending physician	23
acute kidney	23
will provide	23
analysis showed	23
cycle ergometer	23
copd prevalence	23
emergency care	23
wilcoxon signed	23
previously reported	23
positive cases	23
otitis media	23
clinical care	23
transplant recipients	23
diagnostic procedure	23
knockout mice	23
pack years	23
blood cells	23
twice daily	23
selected patients	23
respiratory events	23
severe head	23
asthma medication	23
pneumonia severity	23
mean score	23
chronic airways	23
wound healing	23
ventilation perfusion	23
health system	23
bronchodilator fev	23
randomized trial	23
mean scores	23
greater risk	23
partial pressure	23
virus replication	23
molecular weight	23
vitro studies	23
gradient centrifugation	23
oxygen delivery	23
asthma copd	23
venous pressure	23
previous year	23
tidal volumes	23
typeable haemophilus	23
total protein	23
lung biopsy	23
mannose receptor	23
severe respiratory	23
interquartile range	23
therapeutic target	23
significantly greater	23
eligible patients	23
positively correlated	23
primary endpoint	23
ace mrna	23
adelaide hospital	23
human subjects	23
guidelines recommend	23
major risk	23
cell function	23
remain unclear	23
cant increase	23
phase ii	23
infl uenced	23
type iii	22
will allow	22
recent data	22
baseline airway	22
three major	22
airway bacterial	22
will inform	22
muscle weakness	22
three age	22
cant correlation	22
artery catheter	22
foreign bodies	22
androgen receptor	22
ejection fraction	22
immune cell	22
standard exercise	22
physical examination	22
new method	22
molecular patterns	22
national surveillance	22
one week	22
rheumatoid arthritis	22
en pacientes	22
heart surgery	22
also shown	22
cantly less	22
induced inflammation	22
positive results	22
lpc lv	22
nthi infection	22
year mortality	22
adaptive immunity	22
airways obstruction	22
cytokine response	22
critical role	22
three hospitals	22
may represent	22
previous months	22
mechanisms may	22
drug use	22
face mask	22
bacterial pneumonia	22
malignant mesothelioma	22
lower levels	22
infected patients	22
diaphragm dysfunction	22
stromal cell	22
primary composite	22
target genes	22
stimulating factor	22
neutrophil recruitment	22
incidence rates	22
positive result	22
ultrasound training	22
using multiparameter	22
pulmonary gas	22
airway lumen	22
female sex	22
postoperative period	22
pulmonary blood	22
positive blood	22
disease requiring	22
image guidance	22
factors including	22
venous access	22
repeated measures	22
defi ne	22
animal model	22
unknown whether	22
former smokers	22
adenoviral infection	22
plus bal	22
median number	22
standard care	22
home niv	22
predictive factors	22
support ventilation	22
acute physiology	22
copd discharge	22
mrc grade	22
surface receptor	22
mixed venous	22
ep receptors	22
bl mice	22
mouse trachea	22
bronchial lavage	22
transmural pressure	22
increasing number	22
emergency medical	22
nk cells	22
systemic glucocorticoids	22
primary human	22
term exposure	22
smokers group	22
asthma attacks	22
also increased	22
health conditions	22
signalling pathways	22
nasal washes	22
potentially life	22
high morbidity	22
grant support	22
transcript levels	22
neutrophilic infl	21
capsule endoscope	21
third leading	21
mortality associated	21
core competencies	21
studies will	21
step pcr	21
clinical setting	21
bed days	21
proportion immune	21
much higher	21
risk interventions	21
reduced lung	21
remains unknown	21
pathway genes	21
positive test	21
elevated rvsp	21
lower fi	21
positive control	21
asthmatic airway	21
tobacco smoking	21
mucous cells	21
superoxide dismutase	21
assess whether	21
also play	21
reduced dlco	21
test results	21
extended family	21
nan title	21
bore icc	21
renal function	21
statistical analyses	21
international recommendations	21
early phase	21
sputum culture	21
colistin use	21
developing countries	21
following stimulation	21
total adr	21
based therapy	21
ventilation distribution	21
prospective studies	21
adl score	21
rank test	21
clinic population	21
cough rate	21
coma scale	21
citrate increased	21
native lung	21
important cause	21
take charge	21
per group	21
rhinovirus infections	21
neutrophilic aad	21
children recruited	21
prone position	21
eflow rapid	21
key hh	21
aeroneb go	21
bronchoscopy plus	21
relieves dyspnoea	21
caudal lobe	21
cpap implementation	21
tj proteins	21
blood transfusion	21
may suggest	21
mw achieved	21
clinical management	21
baseline characteristics	21
dendritic cell	21
transplant rejection	21
higher percentage	21
tertiary referral	21
nebulization time	21
lung cells	21
th responses	21
underlying mechanisms	21
dietary intakes	21
positive upa	21
stage ii	21
requiring hospitalization	21
participants underwent	21
ep receptor	21
clinical research	21
day post	21
muscle strength	21
following admission	21
fi lter	21
hrv detection	21
aboriginal children	21
neutrophil proteases	21
rst exposure	21
health effects	21
candidate genes	21
mucus secretion	21
patients developed	21
broad spectrum	21
phase i	21
pulmonary side	21
medical wards	21
healthy population	21
volume fractions	21
cold symptoms	21
tc groups	21
prehospital setting	21
medical conditions	21
histone deacetylase	21
ammatory phenotypes	21
blot analysis	21
ultrasound marking	21
noninvasive positive	21
received lpc	21
implementation sleep	21
translation effi	21
induced il	21
natriuretic peptide	21
respiratory conditions	21
animal studies	21
disease management	21
productive cough	21
breathing pattern	21
niv relieves	21
multiple breath	21
ischemic heart	21
young smokers	21
calcium chelators	21
participants reported	21
whole airway	21
adult ed	21
novel therapies	21
new bpd	21
arterial oxygen	21
weeks gestation	21
specific ige	21
best guess	21
lung inflation	21
ultrafi ne	21
end products	21
eb vs	21
disease characterized	21
induced neutrophilic	21
one month	21
brain death	21
assessment tool	21
short course	21
treat asthma	21
new york	21
low levels	21
infective exacerbations	21
chest ct	21
stage nsclc	21
increased ar	21
south australia	21
prospectively collected	20
disease respiratory	20
died within	20
short term	20
analysis using	20
background asthma	20
following acute	20
month follow	20
pediatric intensive	20
overall prevalence	20
remaining patients	20
last year	20
asthmatic airways	20
high doses	20
birth cohort	20
frequently detected	20
cell differentiation	20
msc administration	20
computerized tomography	20
identified patients	20
lps elastase	20
fibrosis patients	20
unclear whether	20
new therapeutic	20
stage copd	20
disease states	20
stranded rna	20
severe pneumonia	20
similar results	20
methods participants	20
main cause	20
different lung	20
bal fluid	20
european respiratory	20
con epoc	20
patient comfort	20
commercially available	20
mice received	20
may explain	20
icu discharge	20
stable asthma	20
continuous positive	20
training program	20
clinical variables	20
high incidence	20
blood monocytes	20
studied patients	20
protective effects	20
also observed	20
latent adenoviral	20
also used	20
underlying disease	20
platelet aggregation	20
qualitative study	20
british thoracic	20
patient education	20
viral etiology	20
retrospectively reviewed	20
among copd	20
past months	20
oxygen tension	20
cultured airway	20
human monocytes	20
academic medical	20
reduced levels	20
may improve	20
life expectancy	20
exacerbations requiring	20
high flow	20
sensitive asthma	20
failure due	20
emphysema severity	20
nasal cannula	20
electronic medical	20
human monocyte	20
blood loss	20
supplemental oxygen	20
predictive values	20
including patients	20
written informed	20
cardiometabolic multimorbidity	20
mortality among	20
higher prevalence	20
high resolution	20
hours later	20
respiratory support	20
cfu ml	20
auckland city	20
dyspnoea scale	20
aspergillus fumigatus	20
use cpap	20
underwent bronchoscopy	20
one third	20
mast cell	20
patients will	20
therapeutic hypothermia	20
patients included	20
flow rates	20
single dose	20
patient days	20
significant reductions	20
budesonide formoterol	20
airway infection	20
cause mortality	19
support nil	19
ecm protein	19
increasing frequency	19
single center	19
purulent sputum	19
sleep studies	19
steroid therapy	19
alveolar lavage	19
patient group	19
binding protein	19
using spss	19
negative correlation	19
surveillance data	19
based study	19
mucolytic agents	19
venous thromboembolism	19
samples taken	19
derived macrophages	19
including asthma	19
ion transport	19
eosinophil counts	19
health issue	19
study demonstrates	19
advanced lung	19
also known	19
beneficial effect	19
prospectively studied	19
suspected infection	19
disease severe	19
patient died	19
may benefit	19
arterial ph	19
investigate whether	19
esophageal pressure	19
copd airway	19
severe exacerbation	19
beneficial effects	19
supine position	19
health professionals	19
th response	19
pulse rate	19
viral clearance	19
significant association	19
first day	19
based cohort	19
regression models	19
within minutes	19
splice variant	19
asthmatic compared	19
six months	19
human alveolar	19
neutrophil numbers	19
multivariable logistic	19
healthy children	19
care workers	19
three cases	19
mean sd	19
elderly asthmatic	19
analysis revealed	19
rehabilitation program	19
surfactant proteins	19
therapeutic targets	19
dental treatment	19
department visits	19
capillary blood	19
proinfl ammatory	19
sleep medicine	19
exacerbation rates	19
healthcare professionals	19
studies investigating	19
cell granzyme	19
exposed mice	19
innate lymphoid	19
care setting	19
primary objective	19
mean time	19
early stage	19
controlled study	19
two cases	19
major role	19
tracheal intubation	19
may protect	19
rehabilitation programmes	19
control cells	19
per million	19
stage i	19
ipf subjects	19
community hospitals	19
often associated	19
old smokers	19
pairwise comparisons	19
airway inflammatory	19
reported increased	19
regional hospital	19
using multiple	19
gestational age	19
term oxygen	19
bacterial pathogen	19
early childhood	19
treatment strategies	19
primary diagnosis	19
flow oxygen	19
torres strait	19
mean pulmonary	19
airway neutrophils	19
research group	19
urban academic	19
cell lysates	19
educational program	18
chronic exposure	18
kidney disease	18
term outcomes	18
square test	18
therapeutic management	18
airway sections	18
early morning	18
fat intake	18
cpap therapy	18
angiotensin converting	18
stable disease	18
cardiac failure	18
care med	18
may reflect	18
antiviral responses	18
cantly increased	18
bronchial brushings	18
ecm proteins	18
healthcare costs	18
eosinophilic airway	18
nitrogen washout	18
predicted values	18
body size	18
pulmonary capillary	18
methods consecutive	18
within weeks	18
care provider	18
suspected pulmonary	18
without affecting	18
potential role	18
oral antibiotics	18
age yrs	18
larger sample	18
results indicate	18
cor pulmonale	18
supplementary table	18
elevated levels	18
human macrophages	18
control cohort	18
muscle mass	18
correlation coefficient	18
radiology department	18
vena cava	18
host cell	18
multiple linear	18
pulmonary surfactant	18
average time	18
cancer models	18
increased apoptosis	18
mineral density	18
will also	18
mild asthma	18
reduced risk	18
cultured human	18
cytokine levels	18
cytokine storm	18
function data	18
studies used	18
microbiological diagnosis	18
reduced airway	18
large airway	18
age range	18
cohort studies	18
macrophage activation	18
several days	18
ed utilization	18
inflammatory effect	18
causative agent	18
phagocytose apoptotic	18
cytokines il	18
thick sections	18
likert scale	18
early airflow	18
operating characteristic	18
screening tool	18
transverse airway	18
niv use	18
airway segments	18
cells via	18
program directors	18
artery disease	18
occurring within	18
pcr assay	18
copd gold	18
cell cultures	18
blood vessels	18
exacerbation severity	18
adverse outcomes	18
negative bacteria	18
chemokine production	18
antiviral activity	18
tissue disease	18
clinical use	18
test repetition	18
treating physician	18
respiratory drive	18
higher rate	18
pathogenic bacteria	18
functional status	18
enteral feeding	18
showed significant	18
fi beroptic	18
gender differences	18
bacterial culture	18
pneumoniae infection	18
arrest patients	18
defi nition	18
group received	18
patient management	18
patients managed	18
refractory asthma	18
international guidelines	18
surgical patients	18
healthy non	18
severity scores	18
matrix metalloproteinases	18
lymphoid cells	18
cell subsets	18
consecutive days	18
alcohol consumption	18
clinical manifestations	18
random sample	18
ace expression	18
routine use	18
airway surface	18
major source	18
chest physicians	18
patients experiencing	18
nosocomial infections	18
primary pulmonary	18
care patients	18
refl ect	18
situ hybridization	18
regression analyses	18
lung epithelium	18
acute effects	18
birth weight	18
chi squared	18
obese patients	18
myeloid cells	18
profi les	18
strong positive	18
dna sequencing	18
service providers	18
prospectively followed	18
contact tracing	18
copd groups	18
fev decline	18
moderate copd	18
oesophageal reflux	18
common condition	17
mechanisms involved	17
also contribute	17
ethics approval	17
infections due	17
onset asthma	17
prognostic value	17
nasal samples	17
first episode	17
requiring hospital	17
cells obtained	17
adult lung	17
mature dcs	17
high altitude	17
major contributor	17
steady state	17
small sample	17
inflammatory disease	17
outcome variable	17
cell transplantation	17
copd management	17
transcriptional regulation	17
recognition molecules	17
term effects	17
study also	17
asthma prevalence	17
requiring hospitalisation	17
also collected	17
procedures performed	17
relatively low	17
practice guidelines	17
ischemic stroke	17
haemophilus infl	17
comorbid conditions	17
middle east	17
obstructive airways	17
life support	17
least days	17
young ipf	17
infection studies	17
different types	17
based therapies	17
dence interval	17
randomized study	17
gene therapy	17
seven days	17
antimicrobial activity	17
subgroup analyses	17
gas flow	17
matched control	17
baseline data	17
mean bmi	17
progressive dyspnoea	17
extracorporeal membrane	17
visual analogue	17
data sets	17
commercial aircraft	17
disease process	17
three times	17
metered dose	17
membrane oxygenation	17
patients also	17
qualitative analysis	17
important roles	17
functional residual	17
following parameters	17
uenza infection	17
risk assessment	17
lung lobes	17
general hospital	17
assisted ventilation	17
basement membrane	17
confi dence	17
standard therapy	17
collected using	17
months following	17
virus load	17
mrna levels	17
ed users	17
care professionals	17
crucial role	17
severe complications	17
bronchial mucosa	17
chronic pulmonary	17
statistically different	17
cases per	17
antimicrobial peptide	17
clinical problems	17
outcomes included	17
early treatment	17
pulmonary involvement	17
novel therapeutic	17
cytokine il	17
white blood	17
organ donation	17
baseline fev	17
blood glucose	17
sputum eosinophilia	17
task force	17
point scale	17
days later	17
co removal	17
cell entry	17
care utilization	17
clinically diagnosed	17
inflammatory airway	17
copd population	17
microbial colonization	17
smear positive	17
gastrointestinal tract	17
low rate	17
attending physicians	17
admission rate	17
mg day	17
tlr expression	17
function parameters	17
cerebral blood	17
general practitioner	17
provides additional	17
residual capacity	17
antibiotic administration	17
categorical variables	17
increased il	17
also significantly	17
therapy may	17
also signifi	17
protected specimen	17
risk groups	17
negative result	17
qualitative research	17
allergic inflammation	17
severity index	17
confounding factors	17
fold higher	17
france correspondence	17
hrv infection	17
systemic vascular	17
clinical relevance	17
prior studies	17
i min	17
included age	17
induced copd	17
tumor suppressor	17
ndings suggest	17
remains high	17
receive either	17
included studies	17
nasopharyngeal aspirates	17
tested positive	17
gold criteria	17
host defence	17
without diabetes	17
lung elastic	17
cell senescence	17
daily life	17
en charge	17
post treatment	17
lower lung	17
different levels	17
human peripheral	17
participants will	17
alternative splicing	17
will focus	17
national institutes	16
fl uenza	16
cell number	16
fi cient	16
systemic levels	16
required mechanical	16
enclosure volume	16
care medicine	16
ground glass	16
prevalence rates	16
fat meal	16
respiratory ward	16
different clinical	16
human studies	16
tof depth	16
median duration	16
immunosuppressed patients	16
internal control	16
immune function	16
neutropenic patients	16
glutathione peroxidase	16
immune evasion	16
structural changes	16
patient populations	16
uncommon cause	16
mean length	16
acute bacterial	16
congenital heart	16
clinically stable	16
baseline measurements	16
airway compliance	16
currently available	16
preschool children	16
study performed	16
following exposure	16
per week	16
census tracts	16
discharged patients	16
ipratropium bromide	16
team functionality	16
two decades	16
pulmonary delivery	16
degrading enzymes	16
cognitive impairment	16
fl ammatory	16
research project	16
cant reduction	16
direct effect	16
mean dose	16
online learning	16
cardiopulmonary bypass	16
previous research	16
among people	16
airway eosinophilia	16
early intervention	16
sampling method	16
dead space	16
presenting cells	16
increased neutrophil	16
sd age	16
mdi spacer	16
closely related	16
gene silencing	16
vlcd program	16
significantly correlated	16
fiberoptic bronchoscopy	16
copd care	16
normal values	16
allergic airways	16
prostate cancer	16
home oxygen	16
adult population	16
collected information	16
aecopd patients	16
equally effective	16
tumour necrosis	16
electronic health	16
los pacientes	16
clinical suspicion	16
respiratory comorbidity	16
mandibular enclosure	16
bosentan therapy	16
increased release	16
critical illness	16
also reported	16
multiple logistic	16
may include	16
ii receptor	16
remain poorly	16
disease associated	16
head trauma	16
airway mucus	16
executive summary	16
endothelial cell	16
data showed	16
study found	16
mouse lung	16
human mesenchymal	16
dose inhaler	16
western blotting	16
research council	16
critical actions	16
dry cough	16
medical icu	16
reported asthma	16
tlr activation	16
pain scores	16
acute coronary	16
two hours	16
western australia	16
health workers	16
negative exacerbations	16
lockdown periods	16
clinical evidence	16
experimental studies	16
day following	16
jugular vein	16
unknown etiology	16
multiple records	16
mrna stability	16
aqol scores	16
dysfunction may	16
complications occurred	16
positive biopsy	16
first two	16
competing interests	16
case review	16
health service	16
functional capacity	16
emergency physician	16
cochrane review	16
respirology doi	16
frequent ed	16
time periods	16
copd treatment	16
early adulthood	16
signed ranks	16
blood vessel	16
become available	16
drug resistance	16
medical ward	16
hrv infections	16
severe cases	16
first strategy	16
diseases including	16
including il	16
medical thoracoscopy	16
higher among	16
impaired lung	16
gp dstat	16
enrolled patients	16
data show	16
increased likelihood	16
used prior	16
bacterial cultures	16
suffi cient	16
pilot data	16
normal day	16
copd progression	16
exacerbation events	16
em residency	16
every hours	16
underwent lung	16
tumor growth	16
ova challenge	16
individual patients	16
will improve	16
adults aged	16
smokers without	16
hypoxic challenge	16
subgroup analysis	16
continuous variables	16
injection drug	16
key macrophage	16
volume curve	16
chronic kidney	16
ventilator settings	16
reflux disease	16
aberrant activation	16
high proportion	16
post infection	16
mean ages	16
may allow	16
influenza epidemics	16
therapeutic potential	16
ild patients	16
disease role	16
outpatient clinic	16
months prior	16
signi fi	16
evaluate whether	16
hospitalization due	16
center study	16
increased use	16
cellular proliferation	16
study protocol	16
using polymerase	16
malignant pleural	16
drug development	16
central nervous	16
ems system	16
respiratory society	16
primary cells	16
using immunohistochemistry	16
mainly due	16
survival rates	16
cantly improved	16
routine clinical	16
one patients	16
first line	16
fourth leading	16
fi breoptic	16
using single	16
refl ex	16
ros production	16
human health	16
phagocytic function	16
disease acute	15
older asthmatic	15
data suggests	15
thoracic physicians	15
three days	15
mesenchymal markers	15
clinical evaluation	15
specimens obtained	15
healthy control	15
lipid peroxidation	15
skin test	15
brosis bronchiectasis	15
later age	15
east respiratory	15
acting bronchodilators	15
patients seen	15
chemokine receptor	15
tissue damping	15
per cent	15
readmission rates	15
roc curve	15
contributing factor	15
management algorithm	15
protein level	15
cost per	15
virus type	15
medical therapy	15
increased ace	15
might also	15