bigram

This is a table of type bigram and their frequencies. Use it to search & browse the list to learn more about your study carrel.

bigram	frequency
blood donors	1356
blood transfusion	1166
whole blood	1091
red blood	906
mg kg	832
blood group	827
blood components	740
blood products	690
blood donation	681
intensive care	673
blood cells	642
red cell	638
clinical signs	586
bone marrow	561
study design	548
blood pressure	511
blood bank	506
summary conclusions	494
case studies	487
blood cell	484
background case	481
septic shock	454
critically ill	441
blood flow	431
red cells	419
blood samples	408
transfusion medicine	400
mechanical ventilation	398
blood supply	394
design method	387
ng ml	380
results finding	375
blood donor	375
control group	353
significantly higher	350
mg dl	346
ml kg	345
care unit	339
risk factors	336
platelet count	325
transfusion reactions	314
blood loss	304
two groups	300
united states	297
pg ml	297
blood banks	291
platelet concentrates	287
ill patients	286
significant difference	283
renal failure	272
peripheral blood	259
blood safety	257
organ failure	257
transfusion service	253
cardiac output	253
adverse events	251
respiratory distress	250
blood collection	249
critical care	248
nucleic acid	247
statistically significant	237
patients undergoing	236
blood product	235
blood groups	235
blood donations	233
liver transplantation	231
flow cytometry	229
mean age	227
heart rate	226
acute respiratory	224
liver disease	222
respiratory failure	221
lymph nodes	220
frozen plasma	217
cardiac surgery	217
significant differences	214
nitric oxide	214
side effects	213
lung injury	211
body weight	211
blood glucose	206
blood volume	205
arterial blood	200
may also	198
blood type	197
performed using	194
blood units	191
present study	190
blood component	189
fresh frozen	189
blood center	188
factor viii	186
abo blood	180
sickle cell	180
clinical trials	179
blood services	177
bacterial contamination	177
blood transfusions	177
transfusion services	176
pregnant women	176
trauma patients	174
endothelial cells	172
see chapter	170
within hours	168
massive transfusion	166
iu ml	166
diabetes mellitus	166
stem cell	165
university hospital	163
significantly lower	163
may occur	160
inflammatory response	157
apache ii	156
ml min	155
kg iv	154
severe hepatitis	153
multiple organ	152
quality control	151
patients admitted	150
hemolytic anemia	150
clinically significant	150
autologous blood	149
blood gas	148
coagulation factors	147
mm hg	146
pulmonary edema	145
transfusion reaction	145
room temperature	145
results findings	144
health care	143
mortality rate	142
platelet transfusion	142
high risk	142
heart failure	142
septic patients	142
national blood	141
increased risk	141
risk factor	141
central venous	140
years old	139
blood centers	139
statistical analysis	139
icu patients	138
design methods	138
liver failure	137
patients receiving	137
rbc units	136
mg ml	135
platelet aggregation	135
first time	135
acute lung	133
immune response	133
retrospective study	132
patients received	132
red cross	132
arterial pressure	132
pulmonary artery	132
blood system	131
important role	131
rbc transfusion	131
donor selection	131
determine whether	129
significantly increased	128
distress syndrome	128
immune system	128
infectious diseases	128
may cause	127
cardiac arrest	126
oxygen delivery	125
antibody screening	125
positive results	125
antiglobulin test	124
pathogen inactivation	124
white blood	123
pulmonary hypertension	123
blood service	122
clinical practice	122
hbv dna	122
cell disease	122
patients without	120
adverse effects	120
stem cells	119
transfusion therapy	118
myocardial infarction	118
study period	116
infectious disease	116
hemorrhagic shock	115
least one	115
blood vessels	115
plasma samples	115
mechanically ventilated	115
iron deficiency	115
significant increase	114
median age	114
prospective study	114
organ dysfunction	113
gastrointestinal tract	113
may lead	113
hepatic encephalopathy	113
year old	113
adverse reactions	112
venous blood	112
donor screening	112
group i	112
pathogen reduction	111
chain reaction	111
results suggest	111
plasma levels	110
platelet function	110
disseminated intravascular	110
commercially available	110
informed consent	109
case report	109
normal range	108
positive samples	108
hemolytic transfusion	108
monoclonal antibodies	107
renal function	106
pulmonary vascular	106
mean arterial	106
intravascular coagulation	106
nervous system	105
one patient	105
may result	105
total number	105
medical center	104
logistic regression	104
polymerase chain	104
molecular weight	103
significantly different	103
coronary artery	103
transfusion practice	103
care units	102
hcv rna	102
platelet counts	102
results indicate	102
blood sample	101
vascular resistance	101
amino acid	101
cd cells	101
first hours	101
regression analysis	99
donated blood	99
icu stay	99
spinal cord	99
metabolic acidosis	99
physical examination	99
public health	98
significantly reduced	97
safe blood	97
urinary tract	97
necrosis factor	96
icu admission	96
platelet transfusions	95
heart disease	95
infectious agents	95
cell count	95
results show	95
group system	95
smooth muscle	95
monoclonal antibody	94
data suggest	94
clinical trial	94
ex vivo	94
class i	93
patients treated	93
hospital mortality	92
gas exchange	92
acute phase	92
pediatric patients	91
blood banking	91
gene expression	91
severe acute	91
per year	90
type ii	90
portal vein	90
transfusion safety	89
histologic study	89
commonly used	88
hospital blood	88
tumor necrosis	87
cord uid	87
doc id	87
long term	87
buffy coat	87
west nile	86
see also	86
type i	86
pao fio	86
surface area	86
donor blood	86
donate blood	86
year period	86
blood cultures	85
recent years	85
general population	85
tidal volume	85
measured using	85
kg min	85
antibody screen	85
carbon dioxide	85
replacement therapy	85
female donors	84
emergency department	84
last years	83
lymph node	83
cell transfusion	83
virus infection	83
high frequency	83
united kingdom	82
red pulp	82
time pcr	82
see table	82
one case	82
time donors	82
respiratory tract	82
kg day	82
platelet activation	82
two different	82
direct antiglobulin	82
respiratory rate	82
severe sepsis	82
activated charcoal	81
immunodeficiency virus	81
patients died	81
clotting factors	81
specific antibodies	81
false positive	81
left ventricular	81
nile virus	80
associated conditions	80
within days	80
orogastric lavage	80
human immunodeficiency	79
canadian blood	79
coagulation factor	79
voluntary blood	78
possible associated	78
adult patients	78
healthy volunteers	78
window period	78
transfused patients	78
specimen preparation	78
intravenous fluids	78
prothrombin time	78
related acute	77
observational study	77
oxygen saturation	77
acute renal	77
age group	76
cfu ml	76
surgical patients	76
blood management	76
retrospective analysis	76
blood plasma	76
transfusion transmitted	75
liver function	75
group ii	75
test results	75
cord blood	75
fresh whole	75
platelet products	75
plasma exchange	75
urine output	75
world health	75
th day	75
general anesthesia	75
brain injury	75
central nervous	74
apheresis platelets	74
cell surface	74
significantly decreased	74
flow rate	74
hla antibodies	74
fluid therapy	74
cerebral malaria	74
may require	74
within minutes	73
statistical significance	73
antibody identification	73
two patients	73
respiratory syndrome	73
storage time	73
kg po	73
human blood	73
co removal	72
blood gases	72
reactive protein	72
allogeneic blood	72
cd cd	72
endotracheal tube	72
high dose	72
standard deviation	72
month period	72
airway pressure	72
among blood	72
body temperature	72
survival rate	71
clinical course	71
von willebrand	71
one year	71
epithelial cells	71
acid testing	70
clinical outcomes	70
cohort study	70
linear regression	70
high levels	70
per unit	70
abdominal pain	70
high prevalence	70
negative blood	70
previous studies	70
adhesion molecules	70
packed red	70
birth weight	70
pulmonary embolism	70
serum albumin	70
urinary bladder	70
endothelial cell	69
patient care	69
genomic dna	69
rhd gene	69
ii score	69
hospital stay	69
see section	69
results showed	69
group antigens	69
systemic inflammatory	68
supplemental oxygen	68
expected findings	68
predictive value	68
patient blood	68
additive solution	68
cardiac index	68
blood count	68
significant correlation	68
significant reduction	68
analyzed using	68
may contribute	68
liver cirrhosis	68
amino acids	67
bacterial infection	67
hbv infection	67
lactate levels	67
transfusion recipients	67
antibiotic therapy	67
randomized controlled	66
drug administration	66
large number	66
day mortality	66
chronic liver	66
per day	66
blood screening	66
plasma concentrations	66
decision making	66
cell lymphoma	66
clinically relevant	66
viral load	65
related terms	65
high incidence	65
hiv infection	65
growth factor	65
regional blood	65
viral infections	65
clinical studies	64
acute pancreatitis	64
general hospital	64
hospital transfusion	64
transfusion transmission	64
foreign body	64
willebrand factor	64
underlying disease	64
antigen expression	64
three groups	64
hematopoietic stem	64
patient safety	63
serum samples	63
medical records	63
jakob disease	63
positive blood	63
well tolerated	63
blood culture	63
indirect antiglobulin	62
hepatic failure	62
rich plasma	62
tissue factor	62
per patient	62
ventilated patients	62
systematic review	62
surgical procedures	62
high mortality	62
white cell	62
jugular vein	61
significant decrease	61
renal replacement	61
ferritin levels	61
rhce ce	61
quality assurance	61
buffy coats	61
venous pressure	61
patients suffering	61
three days	61
male donors	61
may help	60
plasma units	60
wide range	60
healthy donors	60
widely used	60
source plasma	60
previously reported	60
right ventricular	60
bact alert	60
abo rh	60
bacterial growth	60
clinical outcome	60
animal models	60
health organization	60
isothermal amplification	60
three patients	59
clinical manifestations	59
results obtained	59
human plasma	59
blood coagulation	59
growth factors	59
transmitted infections	59
donor population	59
soft tissue	59
monoclonal anti	59
controlled trial	59
external examination	58
submit samples	58
increased mortality	58
hepatorenal syndrome	58
fatty acids	58
body mass	58
low molecular	58
rbc transfusions	58
class ii	57
chagas disease	57
portal hypertension	57
consecutive patients	57
pilot study	57
quality management	57
severe cases	57
cell lines	57
two years	57
platelets stored	57
serum levels	57
included patients	57
hemolytic disease	57
repeat donors	57
among patients	57
clot formation	57
sofa score	57
oxidative stress	56
significant changes	56
renal disease	56
even though	56
patient population	56
patients may	56
higher risk	56
postoperative period	56
screening test	56
high level	56
cell concentrates	56
healthy individuals	56
post transfusion	56
laboratory tests	56
small number	56
also occur	56
rare blood	56
donor deferral	56
column agglutination	56
healthy dogs	56
hb level	56
clinical use	56
blood centre	56
plasminogen activator	55
increased significantly	55
screening tests	55
three different	55
well known	55
veterinary medicine	55
allergic reactions	55
parenteral nutrition	55
skeletal muscle	55
clotting time	55
clinical significance	55
positive result	55
one hour	55
many cases	55
inflammatory cytokines	55
pleural effusion	55
blood types	55
naturally occurring	55
study group	55
reference laboratory	55
time points	55
acute kidney	54
vein thrombosis	54
saline solution	54
therapeutic plasma	54
intravenous fluid	54
critical illness	54
patients showed	54
host disease	54
scansystem tm	54
congestive heart	54
every hours	54
foreign bodies	53
five patients	53
clinical symptoms	53
bacterial culture	53
nucleic acids	53
days post	53
abstract withdrawn	53
low levels	53
positive dat	53
cell antigens	53
tissue oxygenation	53
cardiogenic shock	53
also may	53
alcohol consumption	53
kg body	53
sample size	53
routine use	53
electron microscopy	53
study included	52
whenever possible	52
first step	52
blood establishments	52
oxygen consumption	52
three times	52
novel coronavirus	52
complete blood	52
two cases	52
pressure support	52
fetal dna	52
poor prognosis	52
apheresis platelet	52
cancer patients	52
serum creatinine	52
storage period	52
preliminary results	52
cardiopulmonary bypass	52
transfusion requirements	52
gas analysis	52
tract infection	52
response syndrome	51
burn injury	51
blood collected	51
hla class	51
respiratory system	51
inflammatory mediators	51
acute myocardial	51
cell units	51
units per	51
trima accel	51
clinical data	51
study showed	51
multiple myeloma	51
arachidonic acid	51
kidney injury	51
iron stores	51
bacterial infections	51
shelf life	51
information system	51
mononuclear cells	51
treated rbcs	51
component therapy	51
fluid resuscitation	50
fully automated	50
tissue damage	50
hemoglobin levels	50
may develop	50
cell transplantation	50
plt count	50
donor samples	50
weight loss	50
single donor	50
platelet units	50
age years	50
also found	50
major surgery	50
significantly associated	50
tertiary care	50
common cause	50
platelet concentrate	50
mean value	50
septal defect	50
cell types	50
residual risk	50
treated patients	49
marrow transplantation	49
hand column	49
factor vii	49
may play	49
high doses	49
small animal	49
endemic areas	49
hematopoietic cells	49
plasma donation	49
patients requiring	49
type diabetes	49
gel test	49
blood grouping	49
bacterial translocation	49
wound healing	49
premature infants	49
transplant recipients	49
i ii	49
western blot	48
marginal zone	48
low hb	48
hospitalized patients	48
vena cava	48
american red	48
induce emesis	48
oral administration	48
transfusion practices	48
treated cells	48
emerging infectious	48
inventory management	48
age groups	48
negative results	48
total body	48
management system	48
escherichia coli	48
metabolic alkalosis	48
serious adverse	48
platelet storage	47
immune responses	47
mucous membranes	47
acute liver	47
coronavirus disease	47
mediated isothermal	47
normal saline	47
surgery patients	47
plasma products	47
two days	47
rhd negative	47
platelet antigens	47
analysis showed	47
packed rbcs	47
total protein	47
mortality rates	47
pulse oximetry	46
center background	46
reperfusion injury	46
cardiac failure	46
thrombin generation	46
years ago	46
positive donations	46
sample collection	46
study shows	46
teaching hospital	46
lupus erythematosus	46
kg hour	46
tested using	46
iron supplementation	46
positive donors	46
family members	46
significant antibodies	46
rhd genotyping	46
adverse reaction	46
severe thrombocytopenia	46
large numbers	46
time blood	46
infected patients	45
alloimmune thrombocytopenia	45
healthy controls	45
evaluated using	45
rheumatoid arthritis	45
flow cytometric	45
gastrointestinal bleeding	45
thromboplastin time	45
platelet components	45
currently available	45
will help	45
high sensitivity	45
systemic vascular	45
respiratory disease	45
data indicate	45
platelet pools	45
mean values	45
heart surgery	45
pediatric intensive	45
cytokine production	45
one study	45
decreased significantly	45
three months	45
transfusion protocol	45
ejection fraction	45
assessed using	45
past years	45
pr plts	45
blood smear	45
venous thrombosis	45
gene therapy	45
iron overload	44
primary outcome	44
care medicine	44
perform orogastric	44
one month	44
emergency care	44
iron depletion	44
degradation products	44
hcv infection	44
serum ferritin	44
one week	44
rh blood	44
detection limit	44
one unit	44
may provide	44
submit sample	44
transfusion related	44
cardiovascular disease	44
positive antibody	44
apc resistance	44
terumo bct	44
donor recruitment	44
pulmonary disease	44
procedures depend	44
lung disease	44
study aimed	44
plasma transfusion	44
carbon monoxide	43
tested positive	43
common causes	43
compatible blood	43
differ significantly	43
fungal infections	43
reference range	43
antibody tests	43
sterile saline	43
data collection	43
different blood	43
body surface	43
postoperative day	43
small amount	43
complement activation	43
probably due	43
administer intravenous	43
healthy subjects	43
gold standard	43
gram negative	43
time period	43
cell volume	43
reference ranges	43
patient samples	43
upper respiratory	43
early diagnosis	43
cd expression	43
different types	43
bile duct	43
potential risk	43
confidence interval	43
bleeding time	43
chronic disease	43
studied patients	42
first days	42
ct scan	42
fold increase	42
new blood	42
negative bacteria	42
median time	42
low dose	42
gestational age	42
risk assessment	42
medical record	42
red wine	42
plasma concentration	42
oxygen carriers	42
hb levels	42
plasma cells	42
cd cell	42
partial thromboplastin	42
real time	42
well established	42
platelet yield	42
vital signs	42
overall mortality	42
will also	42
coagulation system	42
pet rabbits	42
old female	42
neonatal alloimmune	42
kupffer cells	42
previously described	41
european countries	41
intravenous catheter	41
hemoglobin concentration	41
lymphatic vessels	41
days later	41
samples collected	41
grossly identified	41
gamma globulin	41
effective treatment	41
survival time	41
intravenous immunoglobulin	41
animal model	41
two hours	41
four patients	41
hbc positive	41
also known	41
platelet quality	41
renal dysfunction	41
transfusion associated	41
systolic blood	41
small intestine	41
coagulation tests	41
neonatal isoerythrolysis	41
clinical samples	40
air embolism	40
crystalloid fluids	40
transfusion center	40
spontaneous breathing	40
identified abnormalities	40
gauge needle	40
clinical features	40
regular blood	40
six months	40
compared using	40
thrombocytopenic purpura	40
quality system	40
cell membrane	40
variant creutzfeldt	40
data analysis	40
inclusion criteria	40
airway obstruction	40
short term	40
fio ratio	40
data collected	40
high blood	40
intravascular hemolysis	40
haemolytic disease	40
kg bw	40
may include	40
single nucleotide	40
adverse event	40
contrast material	40
prospective observational	40
group systems	40
positive control	40
three years	40
domestic animals	40
medical staff	40
donating blood	40
patient received	40
viral inactivation	40
medical care	40
clinical setting	39
total blood	39
staphylococcus aureus	39
related complications	39
tranexamic acid	39
highly sensitive	39
two types	39
large amounts	39
medical history	39
old male	39
high concentrations	39
medical treatment	39
patient outcomes	39
two methods	39
anti hpa	39
head injury	39
thalassaemia major	39
arterial oxygen	39
bleeding patients	39
results demonstrate	39
systemic circulation	39
alkaline phosphatase	39
five years	39
urinary catheter	39
one must	39
antibody testing	39
platelet concentration	39
may indicate	39
small amounts	39
thrombus formation	39
major role	39
ionized calcium	39
cause severe	39
cobe spectra	39
trypanosoma cruzi	39
spectrum antibiotics	39
acid amplification	39
acute hemolytic	39
controlled study	38
ventilatory support	38
vascular spaces	38
left hand	38
continuous infusion	38
body fluids	38
reported cases	38
female patients	38
kidney disease	38
systemic lupus	38
hospital discharge	38
hours later	38
mast cell	38
blood typing	38
cell proliferation	38
saps ii	38
relatively high	38
cerebrospinal fluid	38
disease process	38
two weeks	38
data show	38
cirrhotic patients	38
eligibility criteria	38
affected dogs	38
laboratory testing	38
mast cells	38
dengue virus	38
mean sd	38
times higher	38
time course	38
factors associated	38
immune cells	38
cell activation	38
single unit	38
mediated hemolytic	38
solid phase	38
hemoglobin level	38
wine consumption	38
affected foals	38
cell transfusions	38
menstrual fluid	38
antibody detection	38
showed significant	37
cardiac disease	37
glucose levels	37
lg ml	37
vascular access	37
determined using	37
cross blood	37
recent studies	37
rhodococcus equi	37
control samples	37
donor base	37
sialic acid	37
venous catheter	37
average age	37
receptor antagonist	37
tissue perfusion	37
hypovolemic shock	37
disease severity	37
bacterial screening	37
scoring system	37
blood bunch	37
lymphoid tissue	37
units transfused	37
hypertonic saline	37
may reduce	37
low risk	37
supply chain	37
laboratory findings	37
early stage	37
pulp vascular	37
mixed venous	37
high titer	37
thermal injury	37
carotid artery	37
many patients	37
time point	37
significantly correlated	37
damage control	37
supportive care	37
molecular methods	37
cell separator	37
underlying cause	37
serological testing	37
coagulation parameters	37
generation sequencing	37
apheresis procedures	37
kg minute	37
orthotopic liver	37
surgical intervention	37
enzyme treated	37
fl ow	37
high quality	37
findings suggest	37
autoimmune hemolytic	37
scd patients	37
blood may	37
stimulating factor	36
animal studies	36
routine blood	36
beneficial effect	36
square test	36
differential diagnosis	36
platelet adhesion	36
serum potassium	36
endotracheal intubation	36
peritoneal cavity	36
platelet kit	36
developing countries	36
circulatory overload	36
selection criteria	36
zika virus	36
bleeding complications	36
serious complications	36
blood smears	36
severe anemia	36
muscle cells	36
dna samples	36
lateral recumbency	36
tm platelet	36
renal tubular	36
thrombin time	36
factor xiii	36
hours post	36
patient groups	36
elderly patients	36
information security	36
large volume	36
hospital admission	36
haemolytic anaemia	36
molecular biology	36
cell counts	36
chronic renal	36
mean platelet	36
clinical relevance	36
enveloped viruses	36
also observed	36
new york	36
multivariate analysis	36
poor outcome	36
antithrombin iii	36
intravenous administration	35
right ventricle	35
life threatening	35
table shows	35
cells may	35
treatment consists	35
control groups	35
based oxygen	35
multiple trauma	35
odds ratio	35
abdominal cavity	35
investigate whether	35
oral cavity	35
cardiac function	35
stroke volume	35
cerebral edema	35
blood meals	35
low blood	35
group antigen	35
bacterial detection	35
high throughput	35
left atrial	35
protective effect	35
liver diseases	35
connective tissue	35
samples tested	35
plasma volume	35
plasma fractionation	35
early detection	35
observation period	35
severe liver	35
massive blood	35
major cause	35
rhd positive	35
activated protein	35
sepsis syndrome	35
circulating blood	35
confirmed positive	35
surface antigen	35
common clinical	35
tube method	35
healthy blood	35
infected blood	35
human platelet	35
internal medicine	35
atrial fibrillation	35
pcr amplification	35
plasmodium falciparum	34
serum concentrations	34
severe ards	34
intravenous crystalloid	34
viral infection	34
retrospective review	34
thrombotic thrombocytopenic	34
urine samples	34
income countries	34
serologic tests	34
control study	34
reactive oxygen	34
control dogs	34
lymphatic system	34
systemic inflammation	34
kg hr	34
routinely used	34
increased blood	34
vitro quality	34
mean hb	34
significantly improved	34
proinflammatory cytokines	34
new donors	34
positive cells	34
partial pressure	34
hemodynamic parameters	34
membrane oxygenation	34
molecular testing	34
hiv positive	34
eid agents	34
blood alcohol	34
antibody titers	34
potential donors	34
clinical conditions	34
studies suggest	34
extremely rare	34
elevated levels	34
several days	34
transfusion guidelines	34
significantly elevated	34
exchange transfusion	34
recent study	34
sanger sequencing	34
beneficial effects	34
basal insulin	34
nutritional support	34
fecal samples	34
using two	34
lung cancer	34
ml syringe	34
transfusion policy	33
soluble fibrin	33
corrective actions	33
normal values	33
human albumin	33
deep vein	33
gastrointestinal disease	33
liver injury	33
significant improvement	33
negative pressure	33
higher mortality	33
intercept blood	33
uric acid	33
platelet refractoriness	33
higher incidence	33
blood bags	33
derived products	33
procedures described	33
analysis revealed	33
affected animals	33
artery disease	33
umbilical cord	33
mean duration	33
carrying capacity	33
jugular bulb	33
copies ml	33
standard operating	33
normal rhd	33
breast cancer	33
ug ml	33
reagent lots	33
study will	33
operating room	33
last two	33
make sure	33
compatibility testing	33
ml per	33
will provide	33
useful tool	33
exclusion criteria	33
myocardial ischemia	33
also performed	33
congenital heart	33
ards patients	33
organ damage	33
normal dogs	33
shock patients	33
abdominal surgery	33
passive transfer	33
toxic effects	33
controlled trials	33
considered significant	33
eight patients	33
quality improvement	33
blood levels	33
aspiration pneumonia	33
clinical presentation	33
group received	33
stored blood	33
analysis using	33
risk reduction	33
saharan africa	33
may affect	32
samples obtained	32
antimicrobial therapy	32
within normal	32
retrospective cohort	32
umbilical vein	32
head trauma	32
response rate	32
severe disease	32
nat screening	32
patients underwent	32
blood circulation	32
local anesthetic	32
right atrium	32
diaphragmatic hernia	32
extracorporeal membrane	32
hypertensive patients	32
adhesion molecule	32
convalescent plasma	32
blood sampling	32
repeated measures	32
induced platelet	32
free radical	32
higher levels	32
take place	32
body condition	32
viral hepatitis	32
operating procedures	32
low level	32
rbc antigens	32
platelet rich	32
also cause	32
possible causes	32
electrolyte abnormalities	32
constant rate	32
severe respiratory	32
recombinant factor	32
statistical difference	32
first day	32
hpa antibodies	32
severe trauma	32
signal transduction	32
bleeding disorders	32
artery bypass	32
donor center	32
function tests	32
gram stain	32
clotting factor	32
flow rates	32
preliminary data	32
inhibitory effect	32
inventory level	32
intestinal tract	32
automated blood	31
neonatal foals	31
serum iron	31
care patients	31
controlled clinical	31
tissue injury	31
study population	31
adult respiratory	31
several studies	31
serum sodium	31
renal perfusion	31
national health	31
diagnostic criteria	31
ethnic groups	31
bronchoalveolar lavage	31
blood derived	31
emergency room	31
dependent manner	31
lactate dehydrogenase	31
many countries	31
done using	31
life support	31
lymphocyte count	31
irradiated blood	31
abo typing	31
growth hormone	31
analysed using	31
cytologic examination	31
data obtained	31
deferred donors	31
donor plasma	31
ethylene glycol	31
oxygen extraction	31
liver transplant	31
diabetic patients	31
higher prevalence	31
host defense	31
per month	31
plasma protein	31
infectious complications	31
femoral artery	31
less frequent	31
ill children	31
screening assays	31
incubation period	31
lactic acid	31
human serum	31
laboratory data	31
first three	31
chest pain	31
much lower	31
transfusion process	31
placebo group	31
factor ix	31
repeat blood	31
tnf production	31
following parameters	31
severity score	31
donor platelets	31
cell line	31
wbc count	31
severe head	30
mitral valve	30
agglutination technology	30
volume reduction	30
next generation	30
patient identification	30
volume overload	30
calculated using	30
bowel disease	30
using flow	30
oxygen radicals	30
enteral feeding	30
homologous blood	30
storage lesion	30
enteral nutrition	30
lipid peroxidation	30
may explain	30
fatty acid	30
excessive bleeding	30
immunosorbent assay	30
transfusion chain	30
pretransfusion testing	30
tract infections	30
patients required	30
methylene blue	30
method using	30
iron metabolism	30
received blood	30
extracellular matrix	30
czech republic	30
blood lactate	30
future studies	30
increased levels	30
also used	30
pregnant woman	30
may improve	30
group ab	30
fibrin monomer	30
traumatic brain	30
dental disease	30
neoplastic cells	30
improved survival	30
platelet surface	30
htlv i	30
chronic hepatitis	30
reagent red	30
two samples	30
young people	30
final concentration	30
severe anaemia	30
positive correlation	30
factor viia	30
artery pressure	30
infected donors	30
transfusion protocols	30
canine distemper	30
protein synthesis	30
oxygen therapy	30
igm antibodies	30
ethics committee	30
pseudomonas aeruginosa	30
randomized trial	30
transfusion strategy	30
clinical status	30
thrombotic complications	30
enzyme immunoassay	30
white cells	30
less common	30
transit time	30
blood ph	30
south africa	30
electronic medical	30
nursing staff	30
delayed hemolytic	30
fibrinogen concentrate	29
days prior	29
increased susceptibility	29
component preparation	29
liquid chromatography	29
ordering strategy	29
venous thromboembolism	29
positive effect	29
also tested	29
seven days	29
may become	29
medical management	29
weight heparin	29
remained unchanged	29
cardiac injury	29
one hundred	29
health system	29
case reports	29
organ system	29
cold storage	29
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory	29
also significantly	29
months later	29
toxicologic study	29
false negative	29
investigated whether	29
lower respiratory	29
blood vessel	29
cell antibodies	29
gamma irradiation	29
inspiratory pressure	29
lateral flow	29
aplastic anemia	29
liver enzymes	29
randomly assigned	29
one may	29
low frequency	29
viral loads	29
regular donors	29
rare donor	29
transfusion vol	29
fi rst	29
thoracic radiographs	29
injury severity	29
transfusion committee	29
protein concentration	29
fluid administration	29
plasma proteins	29
folic acid	29
fungal infection	29
vascular smooth	29
hour period	29
treatment group	29
exact test	29
speci fi	29
inflammatory process	29
anticoagulant therapy	29
intestinal mucosa	29
four different	29
shear stress	29
hepatic artery	29
progenitor cells	29
baseline values	29
cell separators	29
least two	29
standard methods	29
recombinant human	28
neutrophil count	28
clinical characteristics	28
leading cause	28
data demonstrate	28
potassium levels	28
may present	28
making process	28
information regarding	28
may increase	28
current study	28
cell death	28
needle aspiration	28
skin lesions	28
steady state	28
north america	28
correlation coefficient	28
renal insufficiency	28
olfactory bulb	28
brain death	28
septic complications	28
injured patients	28
normal blood	28
treatment groups	28
four hours	28
icu mortality	28
human beings	28
rhd typing	28
ml vs	28
computed tomography	28
several years	28
serologic testing	28
neonatal intensive	28
randomized trials	28
confidence intervals	28
postoperative complications	28
cell therapy	28
methods used	28
rate infusion	28
donor testing	28
manual tube	28
per rbc	28
ab blood	28
one sample	28
babesia microti	28
post irradiation	28
brain barrier	28
clinical evaluation	28
may need	28
fibrinogen levels	28
way anova	28
inflammatory bowel	28
ventricular septal	28
acute chest	28
may appear	28
per minute	28
six patients	28
oxidative damage	28
cerebral blood	28
pulmonary arterial	28
therapeutic intervention	28
nosocomial infection	28
icu discharge	28
first two	28
disease control	28
blood urea	28
two units	28
virus type	28
mean time	28
gastric ulcers	28
fresh blood	28
often used	28
intravenous infusion	28
thawed plasma	28
sodium bicarbonate	27
diagnostic procedures	27
study aims	27
white pulp	27
bleeding channel	27
copd patients	27
first week	27
serum lactate	27
platelet additive	27
catheter insertion	27
risk patients	27
oxygen species	27
routine testing	27
data management	27
positive rate	27
packed cell	27
cytokine release	27
demographic data	27
fi cation	27
magnetic resonance	27
mean ae	27
mediated thrombocytopenia	27
specific primers	27
kidney transplantation	27
artery catheter	27
thalassaemia patients	27
tested negative	27
clinical experience	27
undergoing cardiac	27
inflammatory reaction	27
time consuming	27
myeloid leukemia	27
neutrophil activation	27
consecutive days	27
factor concentrates	27
respiratory mechanics	27
blood mononuclear	27
upper airway	27
plasma derivates	27
capillary blood	27
blood establishment	27
patient may	27
dose dependent	27
voluntary donors	27
health status	27
barr virus	27
prognostic factors	27
healthy control	27
early stages	27
rhd exons	27
continuous monitoring	27
blood bag	27
weeks gestation	27
antibody test	27
converting enzyme	27
ventricular tachycardia	27
hepatic dysfunction	27
cardiac diseases	27
central role	27
will require	27
clinical settings	27
russian federation	27
rh phenotype	27
hepatopulmonary syndrome	27
diagnostic tool	27
activated partial	27
invasive procedures	27
receive blood	27
lymphoid tissues	27
following transfusion	27
infection cases	27
adverse transfusion	27
pulmonary function	27
catheter placement	27
mesenteric lymph	27
upper gastrointestinal	27
reduction technology	27
first study	26
clinically important	26
human umbilical	26
extracorporeal circulation	26
readily available	26
lung tissue	26
cardiac dysrhythmias	26
bypass surgery	26
individual patient	26
cd deficiency	26
negative result	26
mean number	26
vitro studies	26
small intestinal	26
innate immune	26
days following	26
clinical evidence	26
nasal cavity	26
nat testing	26
lyme disease	26
transmissible infections	26
disease transmission	26
much higher	26
signifi cant	26
finger ridge	26
free radicals	26
glomerular filtration	26
prognostic value	26
iron absorption	26
extremely low	26
group iii	26
transfusion may	26
iu kg	26
restrictive transfusion	26
bile ducts	26
regional lymph	26
general practitioners	26
liver dysfunction	26
marginal sinus	26
treponema pallidum	26
spectra optia	26
safety measures	26
molecules per	26
cell salvage	26
sample preparation	26
different levels	26
pooled plasma	26
studies showed	26
new technology	26
mass spectrometry	26
vasovagal reactions	26
oxygen supply	26
significant risk	26
patients developed	26
abdominal ultrasound	26
mainly due	26
body fluid	26
human parvovirus	26
improve patient	26
flow velocity	26
within min	26
pooled platelet	26
higher frequency	26
leukocyte reduction	26
working group	26
cell function	26
short period	26
infusion rate	26
levels may	26
open heart	26
fibrin glue	26
following trauma	26
acute myeloid	26
negative correlation	26
complement system	26
similar results	26
organ function	26
hcv antibodies	26
adverse outcomes	26
different methods	26
intravascular volume	26
comparative study	26
clinical efficacy	26
phase ii	26
quality assessment	26
cell free	26
filtration rate	26
negative control	26
may serve	26
caucasian population	26
allogenic blood	26
study demonstrated	26
broad spectrum	26
therapy may	26
derived platelets	26
using different	26
rbc unit	26
nine patients	26
serum calcium	26
occur within	26
young children	26
diagnostic tests	26
transfusion testing	26
analytical sensitivity	26
seroconversion panels	26
clinical situations	26
central blood	26
chest wall	26
coronary arteries	26
may produce	26
cell carcinoma	26
induced thrombocytopenia	26
replacement donors	26
cell mass	26
glasgow coma	26
seven patients	26
image processing	25
significantly greater	25
coagulation activation	25
fingerprint patterns	25
relatively low	25
heparin therapy	25
cost effective	25
fluid overload	25
compatible platelets	25
iv cri	25
ten patients	25
hemodynamic changes	25
selectin expression	25
negative sepsis	25
least days	25
immune function	25
endemic area	25
necrotizing enterocolitis	25
donor cells	25
significant association	25
likely due	25
oxygen content	25
automated system	25
fatal outcome	25
volume expansion	25
capillary permeability	25
blood parameters	25
many years	25
surgical procedure	25
thrombocytopenic patients	25
intravenous injection	25
receiver operating	25
major abdominal	25
independently associated	25
deferral rates	25
positive predictive	25
gel cards	25
platelet content	25
also determined	25
collected data	25
may vary	25
thrombolytic therapy	25
demand forecasting	25
positive direct	25
positive patients	25
stored platelets	25
stage liver	25
university school	25
hepatitis patients	25
collected using	25
significant change	25
small dogs	25
maternal plasma	25
care system	25
new automated	25
urea nitrogen	25
patients whose	25
falciparum malaria	25
cell membranes	25
potassium level	25
i min	25
molecular diagnostics	25
average number	25
second group	25
respiratory acidosis	25
blood shortages	25
left ventricle	25
significant effect	25
kupffer cell	25
three blood	25
based blood	25
maintain hydration	25
developed countries	25
based transfusion	25
surgical treatment	25
undergoing elective	25
apheresis donors	25
organ injury	25
signs associated	25
ear canal	25
lactic acidosis	25
aortic aneurysm	25
vascular tone	25
turnaround time	25
test result	25
randomized clinical	25
effective method	25
experimental studies	25
storage duration	25
abo group	25
prospectively studied	25
multiplex pcr	25
rh typing	25
early phase	24
intracranial pressure	24
positive reactions	24
using pcr	24
national haemovigilance	24
frequently used	24
cell anemia	24
anhepatic stage	24
local blood	24
platelet antibodies	24
cell yield	24
inflammatory cells	24
small bowel	24
prospective studies	24
patients using	24
stored rbcs	24
molecular mechanisms	24
ultrio assay	24
factor xii	24
study suggests	24
volunteer donors	24
storage conditions	24
core antigen	24
organ systems	24
cardiovascular surgery	24
deficiency anemia	24
oxygen carrier	24
pulmonary complications	24
major challenge	24
sudden death	24
thalassemic patients	24
infection may	24
special attention	24
negative patients	24
studies show	24
therapeutic approach	24
first group	24
tissue oxygen	24
pulmonary arteries	24
give blood	24
donor return	24
one day	24
american association	24
several weeks	24
may influence	24
also increased	24
less likely	24
molecular basis	24
right hand	24
independent risk	24
blood utilization	24
via blood	24
process control	24
deleterious effects	24
hb content	24
advisory committee	24
frequency antigens	24
culture results	24
inhalation injury	24
many different	24
dried blood	24
peritoneal dialysis	24
transfusion hepatitis	24
binding protein	24
true positive	24
short time	24
glucose level	24
donor deferrals	24
dna extraction	24
blood conservation	24
positive test	24
generally accepted	24
bleeding tendency	24
transfusion history	24
specific gravity	24
pall ebds	24
success rate	24
may allow	24
transfusion centers	24
dead space	24
photochemical treatment	24
risk management	24
cde cde	24
barrier function	24
malaria infection	24
complications associated	24
wistar rats	24
selected patients	24
five days	24
side effect	24
oral iron	24
fluid volume	24
flow cytometer	24
laboratory parameters	24
organ transplant	24
surgical icu	24
may benefit	24
new method	24
immune complexes	23
cellular blood	23
crp levels	23
anemic patients	23
higher doses	23
reactive samples	23
dna sequencing	23
anterior chamber	23
clinical condition	23
intestinal wall	23
potentially infectious	23
severe bleeding	23
molecular typing	23
inflammatory responses	23
first transfusion	23
linked immunosorbent	23
avian influenza	23
lymphoid lymphatic	23
standard deviations	23
two dogs	23
biliary tract	23
aseptically scrub	23
cell leukemia	23
rbc products	23
ebola virus	23
low birth	23
male patients	23
ang ii	23
levels increased	23
main cause	23
lymphoid organs	23
study evaluated	23
main reason	23
evidence based	23
iron status	23
respiratory function	23
donor safety	23
erythrocyte antibodies	23
ultraviolet light	23
system failure	23
slightly lower	23
intracranial hemorrhage	23
inferior vena	23
fulminant hepatic	23
transfusion laboratory	23
ventilator settings	23
survival rates	23
airway disease	23
control animals	23
rhd beadchip	23
mean volume	23
made using	23
large amount	23
inventory levels	23
blood systems	23
possible risk	23
nasal discharge	23
st day	23
fi brinogen	23
elective surgery	23
detection system	23
low doses	23
inhaled nitric	23
organ perfusion	23
oxygenation index	23
positive reaction	23
false positives	23
respiratory alkalosis	23
insulin therapy	23
donor pool	23
room air	23
tubular necrosis	23
energy expenditure	23
serological tests	23
using standard	23
rh antigens	23
haemoglobin level	23
prospective randomized	23
antigen negative	23
factor levels	23
increasing number	23
lps stimulation	23
pd deficiency	23
platelet factor	23
host response	23
working party	23
prothrombin complex	23
significantly less	23
wedge pressure	23
last months	23
white matter	23
pancreatic cancer	23
hong kong	23
months post	23
abdominal sepsis	23
voluntary non	23
energy metabolism	23
using commercial	23
significant proportion	23
roc curve	23
adverse effect	23
febrile non	23
made based	23
biochemical parameters	23
hna antibodies	23
hospital length	23
chest syndrome	23
sepsis patients	23
middle east	23
rectal temperature	23
solvent detergent	23
virus transmission	23
graft versus	23
cell adhesion	23
new zealand	23
antibody titer	23
transfusion requirement	23
fluid balance	23
higher concentrations	23
acquired immunodeficiency	23
standard serological	23
pg kg	23
group showed	23
may reveal	23
taken together	23
coagulation disorders	23
study conducted	23
polyclonal anti	23
severe complications	23
peritoneal macrophages	23
fibrin degradation	23
within hour	22
definitive diagnosis	22
ischemia reperfusion	22
antibody positive	22
mean blood	22
clinical disease	22
preterm infants	22
refill time	22
plasmodium parasites	22
ventricular dysrhythmias	22
different groups	22
may take	22
risks associated	22
fl uid	22
dysfunction syndrome	22
female patient	22
oncotic pressure	22
high specificity	22
circulatory failure	22
clinical pathology	22
intestinal mucosal	22
west africa	22
pericardial effusion	22
limited number	22
autoimmune haemolytic	22
remains unknown	22
lymphoid follicles	22
old woman	22
four years	22
activator inhibitor	22
haemolytic transfusion	22
highly significant	22
mayo clinic	22
interquartile range	22
hepatic blood	22
blood centres	22
dna analysis	22
whitney test	22
results may	22
preoperative autologous	22
lps challenge	22
support ventilation	22
candida albicans	22
germinal centers	22
platelet production	22
dendritic cells	22
using blood	22
pathogen reduced	22
among others	22
medical therapy	22
clinical diagnosis	22
treated platelets	22
analgesic drugs	22
capillary refill	22
free fetal	22
newly developed	22
antibiotic treatment	22
interstitial pneumonia	22
organ transplantation	22
single dose	22
three cases	22
rapid detection	22
twice daily	22
hepatic function	22
also showed	22
task force	22
also present	22
rna positive	22
time intervals	22
antibodies directed	22
patients included	22
varying degrees	22
may contain	22
brain stem	22
phase proteins	22
million donations	22
hours following	22
patient characteristics	22
one single	22
two months	22
will increase	22
base excess	22
first described	22
medical university	22
study using	22
granulation tissue	22
hepatic arterial	22
one donor	22
may represent	22
synovial fluid	22
therapeutic effect	22
may decrease	22
treated group	22
antiinflammatory drugs	22
poorly understood	22
platelets may	22
reduce blood	22
susceptibility testing	22
old man	22
reactive results	22
healthy adult	22
may therefore	22
remained stable	22
leukocyte antibodies	22
total parenteral	22
male patient	22
serum il	22
infected individuals	22
patients presented	22
policy makers	22
surface expression	22
binding sites	22
oxygen supplementation	22
crystalloid fluid	22
aortic valve	22
found positive	22
total bilirubin	22
may suggest	22
every day	22
may induce	22
gastric emptying	22
rhd weak	22
pulmonary fibrosis	22
several factors	22
rank test	22
next step	22
vascular endothelial	22
intercostal space	22
mean airway	22
serum tt	22
coma scale	22
respiratory support	22
university medical	22
multiple transfusions	22
time spent	22
blood ordering	22
national guidelines	22
important cause	22
patient outcome	22
samples showed	22
point mutation	21
vitro study	21
clinically normal	21
receive either	21
clinical impact	21
relative risk	21
health services	21
may still	21
evaluate whether	21
solid organ	21
genotyping results	21
apheresis procedure	21
well documented	21
igg antibodies	21
negative samples	21
thromboembolic events	21
hours prior	21
glucose concentration	21
prophylactic platelet	21
early treatment	21
first months	21
insulin resistance	21
intrauterine transfusions	21
per group	21
upper limit	21
mrna expression	21
trend towards	21
vista tm	21
mean weight	21
uremic syndrome	21
plt transfusions	21
magnetic cards	21
anticoagulated blood	21
toxicity include	21
autosomal recessive	21
hev rna	21
abo histo	21
negative predictive	21
sectional study	21
cell antibody	21
pcr assay	21
every patient	21
transfused blood	21
randomly selected	21
closed system	21
chronic pain	21
traumatic injury	21
aortic arch	21
muscle weakness	21
clostridium difficile	21
many factors	21
health problem	21
oxygen tension	21
bile acids	21
well understood	21
emergency blood	21
mean sem	21
studies using	21
total rna	21
last decade	21
external quality	21
liver damage	21
muscle tremors	21
donors may	21
significant impact	21
clinical study	21
animals may	21
ae sd	21
patients compared	21
cell damage	21
activated factor	21
hla typing	21
old individuals	21
breathing pattern	21
day post	21
syndrome coronavirus	21
testing methods	21
patient data	21
follow procedures	21
cell concentrate	21
randomized study	21
least hours	21
south america	21
theraflex mb	21
rhd gamma	21
health sciences	21
detection methods	21
care hospital	21
several hours	21
calcium gluconate	21
severely injured	21
groups according	21
repeated blood	21
platelet loss	21
small sample	21
initial dose	21
ductus arteriosus	21
dat positive	21
repeat testing	21
vascular dilatation	21
normal subjects	21
prospective cohort	21
low ferritin	21
consensus conference	21
high affinity	21
coagulation cascade	21
solid tumors	21
negative effects	21
major blood	21
blood processing	21
transfusion strategies	21
hydrogen peroxide	21
serum cobalamin	21
effective use	21
cell antigen	21
cns excitation	21
platelet recovery	21
anaplasma phagocytophilum	21
lactate production	21
haemorrhagic shock	21
plasma components	21
free hemoglobin	21
normal ranges	21
chinese blood	21
oxygen transport	21
remains unclear	21
transfused units	21
oxide synthase	21
breast milk	21
volunteer blood	21
sample volume	21
primed donor	21
third day	21
tissue hypoxia	21
cell culture	21
overall survival	21
effective way	21
facs analysis	21
molecular diagnostic	21
predonation hb	21
intraocular pressure	21
normal plasma	21
blood gathering	21
severe fever	21
research institute	21
patient populations	21
brain damage	21
ventricular fibrillation	21
panel cells	21
took place	21
high rates	20
shed blood	20
removal rates	20
high cost	20
left atrium	20
also contribute	20
marrow transplant	20
closely related	20
blood demand	20
medical school	20
several times	20
family history	20
hemolytic uremic	20
tissue samples	20
statistical significant	20
positive impact	20
primary endpoint	20
clinical cases	20
chronic bronchitis	20
control resuscitation	20
literature review	20
transfusion support	20
donor health	20
intestinal epithelial	20
data showed	20
artificial oxygen	20
plasma using	20
right lateral	20
patients transfused	20
immunodeficiency syndrome	20
chronic obstructive	20
blood meal	20
published data	20
will lead	20
antibody specificity	20
liver cells	20
vascular surgery	20
rna detection	20
dna testing	20
blood testing	20
lung water	20
blood inventory	20
total plasma	20
phase i	20
additional studies	20
random donor	20
typing results	20
negative controls	20
one group	20
immunocompromised patients	20
platelet dysfunction	20
operative day	20
cut surface	20
haemoglobin levels	20
flow chart	20
nonregenerative anemia	20
anion gap	20
red wines	20
laboratory test	20
pulmonary valve	20
south african	20
haemoglobin concentration	20
laboratory rabbits	20
low serum	20
ae ml	20
labile blood	20
activated clotting	20
peritoneal lavage	20
vast majority	20
final product	20
diagnostic value	20
irregular antibodies	20
common finding	20
filter paper	20
calcium levels	20
hcv antibody	20
nucleotide polymorphisms	20