Distant Reader - journal-bmcVetRes-cord

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-30 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader cord process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of CORD, a data set of scholarly articles on the topic of COVID-19. The actual query was: facet_journal:"BMC Vet Res". The results of this query were saved in a cache and transformed into a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 60 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 212,652 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 4,524 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 51. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

virus, study, infection, samples, pedv, pcr, using, porcine, time, dogs, positive, pigs, strains, disease, animals, detection, used, diarrhea, results, control, analysis, also, data, viral, clinical, assay, two, one, animal, protein, real, infected, swine, based, respiratory, pcv, cells, group, prrsv, strain, high, gene, may, different, serum, calves, number, observed, dna, cats

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Molecular analysis of carnivore Protoparvovirus detected in white blood cells of naturally infected cats, High levels of unreported intraspecific diversity among RNA viruses in faeces of neonatal piglets with diarrhoea, and Development of an indirect ELISA, blocking ELISA, fluorescent microsphere immunoassay and fluorescent focus neutralization assay for serologic evaluation of exposure to North American strains of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

porcine epidemic, epidemic diarrhea, diarrhea virus, time pcr, respiratory syndrome, porcine reproductive, clinical signs, syndrome virus, serum samples, time rt, present study, porcine circovirus, canine parvovirus, clostridium difficile, vaccine strains, escherichia coli, united states, additional file, time rpa, attenuated vaccine, healthcare professionals, res doi, bmc vet, fecal samples, doc id, vet res, cord uid, control group, immune response, circovirus type, pcr assay, rpa assay, risk factors, giardia spp, respiratory disease, new ica, transmissible gastroenteritis, authors declare, mg ml, positive control, virus infection, infectious diseases, canine distemper, competing interests, pedv strains, common goal, infectious bronchitis, tt arac, nucleic acid, bovine coronavirus

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Rapid differentiation of PEDV wild-type strains and classical attenuated vaccine strains by fluorescent probe-based reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay Molecular characterization of US-like and Asian non-S INDEL strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) that circulated in Japan during 2013–2016 and PEDVs collected from recurrent outbreaks, and Development and application of an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on a recombinant spike protein.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

pedv, pcr, prrsv, rpa, pcv2, elisa, thai, tgev, salmonella, rna, respiratory, ibv, gene, dog, cpv-2, cpv, china, cdv, bovine, zna, vr-2332, virus, vietnam, veterinary, uti, typhimurium, thailand, temperature, tbln, tannin, table, switzerland, study, strain, srb, siv, sirs, shandong/2011, sal, saa, rvc, rva, ros, rmbd, response, rebov, rdt, psr, professional, porcine

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be virus, and Cepharanthine and Curcumin inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis induced by PCV2 is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

virus, infection, study, samples, time, dogs, pigs, strains, detection, disease, animals, diarrhea, results, analysis, assay, data, control, °, protein, cells, swine, group, calves, serum, gene, cats, strain, epidemic, vaccine, animal, infections, piglets, type, authors, number, genes, mice, species, sample, diarrhoea, coronavirus, antibodies, min, feed, cattle, viruses, days, test, response, groups

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

used, showed, detected, include, based, performed, tested, observed, reported, collected, associated, found, compared, infected, indicated, caused, identify, follows, determined, obtained, described, isolates, containing, provides, develop, considered, evaluate, induced, increased, suggests, analyzed, see, confirmed, affected, according, demonstrating, investigated, resulting, reduced, added, expressed, occurs, involving, require, take, related, incubated, conducted, revealed, presented

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

PEDV, PCR, PRRSV, RPA, Fig, RT, RNA, China, S., C., ELISA, Salmonella, CDV, M., PCV2, TGEV, S, IFN, USA, E., SaoA, C, PBS, IBV, Table, DNA, Japan, US, F, •, REBOV, sera, Animal, O157, ORT, NP, CPV-2, United, Typhimurium, H7, Germany, BCoV, M, Health, University, ICA, GSNO, IgA, Giardia, States

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, we, our, their, they, its, them, i, us, your, his, you, themselves, pcv2, he, itself, her, one, she, rsc0018, rsc0012, y903mxcj, rpos, pacym1-his, nsp11, mg, ifit5, ifih1, himself, herself, dnasi, bpiv-3, agfa

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

porcine, positive, clinical, viral, real, respiratory, high, different, negative, new, significant, canine, bovine, specific, present, higher, infectious, immune, veterinary, first, molecular, non, feline, common, available, fecal, similar, diagnostic, reproductive, intestinal, important, low, infected, previous, human, anti, old, genetic, enteric, small, rapid, severe, multiple, healthy, antiviral, recombinant, neonatal, standard, several, large

also, however, respectively, highly, significantly, well, therefore, previously, approximately, prior, still, even, first, furthermore, particularly, moreover, together, often, finally, clinically, recently, frequently, additionally, rapidly, especially, statistically, subsequently, mainly, less, experimentally, commonly, worldwide, least, widely, naturally, directly, orally, nt, generally, closely, already, currently, alone, relatively, briefly, primarily, later, probably, potentially, immediately

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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