Study carrel

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created from a curated subset of CORD, a collection of more than 100,000 scholarly journal articles surrounding the topic of COVID-19. This resulted in a set of 91 item(s). The original versions of these items have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This website is a more verbose version of the narrative report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Provenance

This study carrel was originally named infection-2018. It was created on 2020-11-25 at 12:48 by emorgan@nd.edu. The following query, applied against the local copy of our CORD database, was ( ( * NOT ( pdf_json:nan ) ) OR ( * NOT ( pmc_json:nan ) ) ) AND entity:"infection" AND year:"2018" .

Size & Scope

Your study carrel is 579,754 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 7,070 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following illustrate the overall size of your study carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, your documents have an average readability score of 46. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following illustrate the overall readability of your study carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of your carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

patients, virus, cells, infection, disease, cell, study, data, respiratory, influenza, viral, using, also, treatment, used, clinical, results, may, associated, human, years, health, time, risk, viruses, protein, analysis, patient, based, children, one, control, high, model, use, blood, therapy, two, infectious, studies, however, well, cov, age, mers, group, i, infected, infections, pediatric

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are: 1) 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS, 2) Virus-like particle vaccines: immunology and formulation for clinical translation, and 3) Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers as Novel Antiviral Compounds.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

design method, united states, respiratory syndrome, infectious diseases, influenza virus, virus infection, middle east, bone marrow, infectious disease, acute respiratory, respiratory syncytial, east respiratory, public health, syncytial virus, respiratory tract, states background, immune response, pediatric patients, syndrome coronavirus, risk factors, stem cell, sickle cell, respiratory viruses, severe acute, cov infection, viral infection, cord uid, doc id, infected cells, avian influenza, cell lines, porcine epidemic, escherichia coli, lower respiratory, immune responses, cell disease, epidemic diarrhea, mg kg, zika virus, like particles, viral infections, significantly higher, statistically significant, median age, health care, influenza infection, chart review, cerebral malaria, clinical trials, diarrhea virus

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are: 1) 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS, 2) U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents, and 3) Population Serologic Immunity to Human and Avian H2N2 Viruses in the United States and Hong Kong for Pandemic Risk Assessment.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in your study carrel include:

virus, cell, rsv, respiratory, mers, rna, pedv, patient, influenza, disease, sars, pcr, model, middle, ifn, east, zikv, vaccine, study, pandemic, mortality, method, lung, korea, infectious, individual, ibv, hiv-1, health, h5n1, group, ebola, carv, ards, animal, zk7c3, zk2b10, zika, yxx, year, wiv, water, vte, vsv, voc, vlp, vivo, university, united, uci

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If your study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be patients, and Refugee Crisis As a Potential Threat to Public Health is most about that word.

If your study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. patients - 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS
2. virus - Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review
3. data - Infecciones en el paciente crítico

If your study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. patients, patient, treatment - 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS
2. virus, cells, human - Virus-like particle vaccines: immunology and formulation for clinical translation
3. respiratory, patients, influenza - Bronchiolitis
4. data, model, infectious - Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review
5. cells, virus, infection - Deletion of both the Tyrosine-Based Endocytosis Signal and the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retrieval Signal in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Spike Protein Attenuates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Pigs

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

patients, virus, cells, infection, cell, disease, data, study, influenza, treatment, results, years, time, risk, viruses, children, protein, analysis, therapy, model, blood, studies, health, patient, age, infections, control, cases, diagnosis, use, group, response, method, days, diseases, expression, vaccine, mice, role, population, activity, care, case, models, syndrome, number, samples, system, type, design

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

used, including, showing, associated, based, identify, increase, reported, followed, compared, develop, receiving, found, performed, infected, treat, requires, providing, induce, caused, describing, determine, demonstrated, suggests, reduced, present, detected, evaluated, improved, target, indicates, considered, given, decreased, lead, remaining, occurs, binding, observed, made, results, assesses, collect, related, reveal, known, analyze, confirmed, containing, involved

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

MERS, CoV, RNA, PCR, Fig, PEDV, RSV, VLP, SCD, United, States, SARS, S, C, IFN, T, el, East, Hospital, Middle, Children, A, mg, B, Health, Background, L, HSCT, Table, ZIKV, PMO, II, HIV, University, S1, S., IBV, AML, HN, los, RT, MHC, N, Korea, Caerin1.1, NTCP, ADP, D, M, CT

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

we, it, their, our, its, they, i, he, she, them, his, her, us, you, itself, themselves, one, your, nsp15, my, me, irbcs, him, y903mxcj, s, ourselves, nsp11, mrnas, me/, ly294002, interleukin-15, himself, hhsn272200800039c, gammacovs, e15.5, cord-282322-ywwqnw74

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

respiratory, viral, clinical, human, high, infectious, pediatric, significant, acute, different, specific, severe, positive, immune, non, low, first, higher, important, new, lower, common, similar, primary, negative, antiviral, bacterial, many, effective, anti, early, several, potential, multiple, available, molecular, like, large, single, old, medical, diagnostic, recent, post, present, possible, novel, previous, median, mean

also, however, well, significantly, highly, respectively, previously, therefore, even, often, prior, especially, currently, approximately, still, moreover, additionally, directly, less, particularly, recently, statistically, furthermore, first, together, relatively, commonly, later, subsequently, usually, potentially, newly, frequently, initially, least, mainly, alone, now, clinically, successfully, rapidly, finally, specifically, widely, indeed, typically, similarly, rather, interestingly, almost

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.