author-hammondHenry-freebo


Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 42 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,584,485 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 37,725 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

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histogram of sizes
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box plot of sizes

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

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histogram of readability
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box plot of readability

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

non, roman, god, will, may, one, yet, shall, church, us, christ, first, now, man, onely, though, must, men, words, also, every, without, thing, much, many, word, time, way, place, therefore, either, power, good, make, saith, might, things, say, never, part, made, christian, doe, matter, gods, faith, use, reason, sure, two

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Of idolatry, Of resisting the lavvfull magistrate under colour of religion and appendant to it, of the word keima, rendred damnation, Rom. 13, reprinted : also, [brace] of zelots among the Jewes, of taking up the crosse, a vindication of Christs reprehending St. Peter, from the exceptions of Mr. Marshall., and A continuation of the defence of Hvgo Grotivs, in an answer to the review of his annotations whereto is subjoyned a reply to some passages of the reviewer in his late book of schisme, concerning his charge of corruptions in the primitive church, and some other particulars / by H. Hammond ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, holy ghost, every man, new testament, english books, early english, every one, books online, must needs, like manner, make use, jesus christ, will never, thought fit, old testament, among us, good conscience, one thing, saint paul, let us, page images, made use, god will, shall now, text creation, creation partnership, much lesse, two things, take notice, one side, lords day, taken notice, give us, true god, man may, set downe, learned men, apostles times, will give, one place, take away, roman church, whole matter, one word, every thing, among christians, may yet, may well, many things, shall never

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A brief vindication of three passages in the Practical catechisme, from the censures affixt on them by the ministers of London, in a book entitled, A testimony to the truth of Jesus Christ, &c. / By H. Hammond D.D. An ansvver to the animadversions on the dissertations touching Ignatius''s epistles, and the episcopacie in them asserted. By H. Hammond, D.D., and A view of the nevv directorie and a vindication of the ancient liturgie of the Church of England in answer to the reasons pretended in the ordinance and preface, for the abolishing the one, and establishing the other..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

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unigrams
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bigrams

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, christ, roman, christian, scripture, tcp, gods, apostles, non, lord, law, jewes, churches, religion, jews, gospel, sect, paul, king, testament, soul, mat, kingdome, father, cor, christians, spirit, sinne, reformation, presbyters, prayer, pope, peter, people, liturgy, holy, gentiles, faith, epistles, doctor, directory, conscience, christs, chap, bishops, bishop, apostle, act, world

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

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keywords

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be non, and Of superstition is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

  1. church - An ansvver to the animadversions on the dissertations touching Ignatius''s epistles, and the episcopacie in them asserted. By H. Hammond, D.D.
  2. non - Sermons preached by ... Henry Hammond.
  3. god - An account of Mr. Cawdry''s triplex diatribe concerning superstition, wil-worship, and Christmass festivall by H. Hammond.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

  1. god, shall, hath - Sermons preached by ... Henry Hammond.
  2. church, bishop, bishops - An ansvver to the animadversions on the dissertations touching Ignatius''s epistles, and the episcopacie in them asserted. By H. Hammond, D.D.
  3. non, roman, god - Of resisting the lavvfull magistrate under colour of religion and appendant to it, of the word keima, rendred damnation, Rom. 13, reprinted : also, [brace] of zelots among the Jewes, of taking up the crosse, a vindication of Christs reprehending St. Peter, from the exceptions of Mr. Marshall.
  4. worship, god, hath - An account of Mr. Cawdry''s triplex diatribe concerning superstition, wil-worship, and Christmass festivall by H. Hammond.
  5. countess, morton, anne - The Countess of Morton''s daily exercise: or, A book of prayers, and rules how to spend the time in the service and pleasure of Almighty God.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

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topic model

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

man, men, words, thing, time, way, t, word, place, power, things, part, matter, reason, others, truth, life, p., hath, nothing, world, faith, use, sin, self, sense, worship, grace, scripture, day, one, nature, manner, answer, death, end, law, argument, act, purpose, question, case, sinne, text, doctrine, notion, obedience, sins, heart, religion

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, have, are, were, being, had, been, do, make, said, say, made, did, set, done, give, having, see, hath, take, come, called, taken, am, know, used, 〈, given, thought, let, prove, according, suppose, put, think, answer, concerning, supposed, brought, doe, believe, conceive, found, received, hope, conclude, signifies, bring

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nouns
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verbs

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, god, church, christ, c., hath, i., s., e., bishop, sect, l., lord, gods, christians, bishops, doe, thou, apostles, heaven, christian, paul, law, rome, christs, ●, spirit, peter, jewes, saint, epistle, gospel, churches, holy, ignatius, chap, king, de, tcp, faith, t, mat, act, r., john, mr., presbyters, epistles

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, i, he, his, them, they, you, him, their, our, we, us, my, your, me, himself, themselves, thy, its, her, thee, she, theirs, ours, one, yours, mine, ye, itself, non, thou, ourselves, elias, whosoever, whereof, ib, hers, trodden, severall, s, myself, ii, hee, affirm''d, ●, †, Θεο̂υ, us''d, urg''d, totas

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

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proper nouns
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pronouns

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

non, -, roman, other, such, first, many, more, same, good, great, whole, own, true, second, former, much, necessary, sure, present, christian, particular, little, new, saith, last, able, least, contrary, sufficient, possible, like, third, very, evident, common, fit, false, lawfull, greater, most, guilty, ordinary, old, full, certain, perfect, next, capable, few

not, so, then, now, more, as, yet, thus, onely, also, most, therefore, here, very, never, up, only, out, there, first, well, ever, much, even, still, again, down, else, certainly, indeed, in, farther, no, together, too, rather, far, secondly, consequently, long, all, especially, off, somewhat, away, once, truly, before, already, perhaps

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adjectives
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adverbs

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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