or
MKEN'DREE COLLEGE~
PROF. -.B. TURLNER.,
.L-RIL 21,  186.
"VIA SAPIF.NTIE."
'!Y1~  AT T~  LIrRa   GEM OFYIC-E, L..E]3AO~', 1
ft I( 
CORRESPONDENCE.
PLATO HALL, 22d Aprnl, 1856.
:PROP. J. B. TURNER:
By the unanimous vote of the member
of the Platonian Literary Society, I am instructed to request teal
you will place at their disposal, a copy of the highly interesting Ad.
dre  delivered before them on last evening.
With profound respect,
Yours,
,-D. S. -KE-NNEDY, Cor..
DMR. D.- S. KNPiRzDY:
Corresponding Sec'y of Platonia. Society of M'Kendree CoieRg
:'DAK SiR-Entertaining the sentiments which I do, it could not-ae
otherwise than that I should be highly pleased with the favorable
opinion your. Society have expressed respecting the discourse allude
,to; and as I have not time to review and correct, I submit it to yoe
..diposal, as delivered.
,Yours truly,
-ACONVILL,,'May" Ist,'56.
J. B. TURNER, 
'A)DR E SS.
'X)OGEN,S' CANDLE, OR THE SEARII'FOR TREB'MANHOUR
MY  FRIENDs, the theme  I have selected'for the present occasion, i
,somewhat utliqe, both in its aim and in its name.   It is a theme of great
interest, and of great practical importance at all times.
I shall aim at tnothing new, but only to give utterance to the though,
that already lies deeply hidden in the heart and soul of every one of my
hearers. If I speak truthfully, you will therefore recognize the fact; and
,you will also peiceive that Jesus Christ taught, lived, and acted out, esen tially, the same trutths, lhxg before we were born.  For he ALONE is the
way, the truth, the life and- the light ot man.  But if! so speak, I shall not
-speak in accordance with allymnode of human opinion, E)r ustiage, or form
that ever yet existed on earth.  For true Christianity never was, or will
be organized or expre..sed-in any authoritative human  creed or form, until
men are far wiser and purer than even the best of us now are.
You all remeamber the story of the old cytric Philosoi,h,r, Diogenes, who
en being asked the reason s,hy;he lit a candle at noon-day, replied "Anthropon Zeto"'-" 1 seek a'MAN."  If we throw ourselves back  to
the time of that hl'l-os(,pher, some two or three centuries before Christ,
and contemplate the manners aid the- nirtrals of chai age, we must admit
that there was bolilh appositeness and truth in his act and his reply.  If we
were to maintain, however, that there is the samne teed of that' candle now,
or, in other words, that the wf-ia.d has made no real. substantial advance
in the two thousand years past, we should be more cylical than the cynic
himself   But still it may not be urnprofitable, even for us to teke that can dle in hand a,od trILiy ascertain where we do and where we do  owt find a
MAN.  In order to do thi.-, we will inquire
1st.  What is True  latinhood?
2d. Wh.ere is it fittnd, and how produced?
WHAT THEN, IS TRUE  MIANHIOO)D?
Plato's detirtitior, that' a marn is a two-legged animal, without feathers,"
may answer as a general description; but the old philosopher who plucked
the feathers from a dead rooster and threw it upon the tab,e, exclaiming,
there is-Plato)'s man," has shown  us we need something more definite.
What, then,.is Trtrue Manhood?
The essentials of true itanhiood do not retlate to form, color, or size. They are not qttalities to be measured by the yard, or sold by the pound
They rise infinitely above, not only all physical, but also all mere intellect ual attribu'es
We do not prize even the horse, mainly for his harness, nor yet for hi.
strength, beauty, or speed. There is something evenitn this brute animal,
behind and above all this, which we priLe infinitely more than all these
qualities together, when existing alone.  He has strength and speed.   But
how does he use them, to serve or to kill his master?  -Tat is the questioi,
and the main question.  How much tore, then, in man,'  He has wealth,
capacity, talents, power, but how does he:s  them?  l That is the question
"Were I so tall to reach the pole,
And grasp the ocean in my  span,
I must be meausured by my soul,
iFSr'tie the sul that.make  the mnan;" 
r4]
And lh~ May have all desirable qualities of birth, fortune, wealth, rank,
title, talent, learning, language, science, genius and skill-and still, in the'
true, popular sense ot the term, no soul-not one particle of true manhood;
while on the other hand, he may be without any one, or even all of these,
and still possess the very highest attributes of which humanity is capable.
'rHE MORAL QUALIT'PS in all subjects, capable of even a semlblance of
mnoral action, are infinitely higher, more valuaule and more praiseworthy
than any or all others combined.   Trustworthiness is the very highest attri —
bute of all beings created and uncreated; and we deceive ourselves if we
imlagine that in the deep secret of our souls, we do not ourselves so esteems
it. But there are so many occasions in the ordinary intercourse of lite, inwhich we are said to trust, our fellow men, where no such thing really
occurs, that it may, at first sight, seem otherwise.  For  example: —We
entrust over property or money, or even our lives,, in the hands of men
whom we know are utterly selfish, unprincipled, and corrupt at heart; but
we also know that the man is rich, the note is sinned, the bond is sealed,
and the LAW is STRONGS. The thing we really conifide in, in all such cases,
is the money, the bond and the law, and not ir the man at all  This low,
but common example, will serve to illustrate the priciple in other and
higher relations.
Wh2t, then, are the vital elements of tllis tristworthlliness?
I answer.  They are all essentially moral and heroic in their nature,
thte fundamental! elemTents of all true matnhood, and all real virtue.  They
are these:  Courage, Magnanimity, Generosity, Fidelity.  Courage, as opposed to cowardice or timidity; magnanimity, as opposed to meanness;
generosity, as opposed to selfishness; fidelity, as opposed to treachery.
WVithout these there can be no trustlworthiiness, no true mcdhood and no
real virtue, though man  had an angel's intellect, a seraph's beauty, or a
satan's power.
The essence of all these qualities concentrated, are expressed in the
thirteenth chapter of Corinthlians, by the Greek word "aq,ape"-Benevolence.  They have become perfectly incarnate and perfectly exemplified on
earth only in one person-the DiwvNE MAN, OUR LonD AND SAvIOR, JESUS
CHRIST.
Some  may,  perhaps, feel no little surprise  that Courag.e should  be
placed as a first attribute in this categorv.  Napoleon, say they, was courageous, but Jesus was humlie.  I[ will not )ause  to quarrel  with the
shallow gibberish of theologies and eccieiastics on this pooint.  God knows
they have reason enough for ruliiig all true manhood olit of Christianity, if
they themselves are to stand befrie the world as specimens of it.  But in
niy opinion, it required more true cou'atge to live the life t'at Jesus did, for
a single week, than it has to fight all thle battles ever fo)ughit since the ark
swam  on the waters of the flood.  And in this opiniion, I think the most
intelligent and devout of our Amr.erican religious teachers will agree with
ine.  But if any man thinks otherwise, let hiimi try it; then he  will know
for himnself.
Amnong ancient Worthies who gave to the world the most illustriou,s
proofs-of this trite manhood, we might mention Abral-har  and Joseph anlmngc
the patriarchs; Loses, the law giver; DI)avid, and Daniel, and Isaiah; Paul,
'he apostle, and John the beloved disciple.
Among the great cloud of mcdern witnesses, I find no other so full and'
perfect example as that of our immortal WASHtNGTON.   And if we shloullseek it in the humbler walks of life, and not firnd a living specimen near
us, we might take the fanciful delineation of the far-famed" Uncle Tom,"
*,hose equal, either in the ligh or low degrees of real life, we shall neves 
nd.  But as my object is simtply to illustrate, it will subi s          m}  prer
purpose   well.  From all of which the obvious corallery will be self evident
-that the true Disciple, or follower, or imitator of Christ will have troe
.nmanhood, true trustworthiness, courage, generosity, magnanimity and fideL
ity. —tre virtue.
'True WOMANHOOD consists,-of course, in the very self-ame qualities in
the opposite sex; and there can be no true womanhood without them,
however much of music and Millinery, French and " flosofee," Latin and
logic, of polish and posies, of airs and antics there may be.  I shall use
'the term Manhood, therefore, for?the sake of brevity, to designate these
-same qualities-in either sex.
It is easy to train a tiger or a donkey,
To make a manakin or a morikey.
['o raise a parrot, a mocking bird, a whippoorwill.or a peacock, but to
make a man or a woman is hard-the very noblest work of Almighty God.
It is well for us to notice, in passing, that these high qualities, when
they exist, ALWAYS produce their necessary and legitimate effect, of thorough and radical reform. It-was sowingour Savior's time, in Martin Lutier's time, in the stirring times of the Commonwealth, and the American
Revolution. It is even so in the sons of truly illustrious and noble mothers.  " By their fruits ye shall know  them."  And where their fruits are
not, they are not, though -the'whole world may be filled with their profes.
sions, their semblances, and their shams.
Look, for examnple, at the French people, ever amid the uproar and glare
of war, carnage and revolution; yet in reality the most detestably mean
and cowardly civilized nation on earth. And their "nationale glaire" (as I
believe they very properly, almost spell and pronounce it,) is only the
necessary consequence ot that detestable cowardice and meanness of their
people, which enables one daring villain to gather -them all together, and
drive them before him for any purpose of blood or perfidy, now for the
Republic, now for the Empire, and now for nothing, like a flock of sent
less geese or sheep. If there is any true courage, or real glory or manhood in such a national character as that, may the Lord deliver us from it.
A brawling cut-throat or bullv, is always, at heart, a most arrant cowards;
and the same is true of nations as of individuals. Noble exceptions, it is
true, we find. Lafayette, companion and friend of-Washilington; Napoleon,
prince of heroes in war, and had he found a people worthy of such matcefless endowments, none can tell what he might have been.  But it is well be
glance at the valuae and power of this true manhood.
All things in this world are on sale'  Evervthin has its fixed value.
But the price of this Manhood is very high, for it is very valuable.  Gold
or. goods can buy other things, but inothing but eternal right and truth can
purchase this. He that would buy it "or command it to his service, mtst
have tlie infinite treasure of: Heaven, and the resources of God to proffer
as its reward.  It is no family patrimony or heir-loom, descending frdm
father to son, as the heritage of'original sin is bequeathed in the cate chisms, from Adam to all his posterity, or as the divine right descends
through long lines of successful usurpers.  It can neither be enr.nobled by
ancestry or patrimony, nor degraded  by poverty.  Rank can  give it no
dignity.  Conquests, triumphs and ovations cannot exalt it, nor can overthrow, defeat and disaster, however great, either dispoil or degrade it.  It
asks, and it can receive no glory, no dignity or worth not already its pwn.
Power, rank, wealth, intellect, tame, may indeed serve it, but they can
neither enrich or exalt it.  It is the same in all the essentials of its true
glory, whether in purple or.a rags; in prison or in paradise  one-tecrtoss
'T. Si, 
[8}
or'of thb throne.  It gives a light to all it-4ouches. It eites, bet it 
?ows none.  A real character, like the fabulous one of Utncle Tom for
example, would exert a more lasting and renowned influiencee on the destiny of these United States, under whatever seeming disadtsntages, than
all the mere (ffice.seekers and Pffire-holders, fr( m  the President down.
wards, that ever trod the continent, with all their prestige of rank andpower, and their outward meansof influence and fame: and I am nt suro 
but the bare imaginary conception of such a character will do it.
Jesus Christ, by t'le simple', natural force of this true manhood man.
tested in him, independen'ly of all considerations-of his divine powerwithout rank or office; without learning a book or writing a letter, has,.
in fact. exerted a deeper and more lasting inffuence en the human race,.
1han all the emperors, warriors, statesmen, philosophers, poets and divines,
that have ruled, and fought, and struggled, and taught, and sung, and
preached from Ad(lam's day to our own.
If mere knowledge is power; if eloquence and logic; if Armies anit
mavies that go and come at'their bidding, are powerful, true Manhood  i
omnipotent, for — it wields the infirite resources of God.  Compared with
this, all the resourcet and instrumentits of good  a1ll the little arts of strat.
egy and diplomtiacy; all thie little expediencies of little soul. in little power,
whether of arts or of'arms, ot eloquence, or of song-hey are all, airlttle, inefficient, weak and contemptible in their achievmenta as well as in
their me' hods and ends.
If in symbol we should compare the animal and physical'powers  of
man, their strength and perfection and beauty of form, to the green and'
gladsome earth, ever variaent in its lights and shadows. and;i-. intellectual
powers to the radient glory of the sun, imparting light and life to all, we
must still say that these higher moral endi,wments a re the very pavilion of'
the Almighty itself whence all' this subordinate light and life and beauty
and glory and 1armonysproceed.
We all;admit the abstract power of truth.  We  all know the beautiful!
"ses,
Truth. struck to earth shall rise again,;
The eteri al years oft God are hers;
But Error, w,ntded, writhes in pain"
And dies aiiud her worshiippers.""
This truth, when uttered to the winds by'the babbling child, when ima.
pres.sed with printer'.s ink (oere lampblack? and oil) on cotton paper, is
still imnmotal. When adorned )vy the geniuwof poetry and eloqLuence, it is
.ptfn: and inspired, and wields the powers,  the armies and destinies of
earth.  But when incarnate, livii'iff:acting, and breathing forth its divine
spirit in the hig hest- and most ilinustricus forms of true virtue and real Man.
hood, it is not only-potent and imniortal' but Omnipotent and Divine, and",
wields the destitii'c-s not of earth alone, butgof eternal vears and worlds to
comne.
When pure and unmingled with all'human setfishnes and sin,'it wtas
God manifested in the fJlesh; its power wa  the power of God; and its
rirumphs and it's destiny were the triiumplhs-and the destiny of Heaven and
of God forever mnore-fit, and aloInefit to have a namrne given it above every
name, and to h  exalted ab'6ve all thirones, principaliies, dominions and
powers, in'leaven above and on earth beneath.
Bring forth, now, all the gibes and sophiitries and witticisms, and'saw
of hoary and consecrated.flsehood and vice; all the little exdiences of'
race and trib; all' the misrale quibbles of sect and school; inmvk6 the
Walous of your philosophers, and the ispiration of your eloquceo and.i 
[7]
tong; appeal to the magic of your wealth and your art; call'pa  to
memory ot the renowned dead, and sumnmon the illustrious living Cou'
you; marshal them in the full strength of thc'ir empires and their armies,
and with all the pride and power of. their navies, and  bid them crush the-'
twretch which your own demon soul'can, alone see in that incarnate truth.
How  vain! That true Manhood-that incarnate Truth is more invincible
than all the arts and powers of earth and hell. Though in rags; though
beggard and begging; though in the dungeon, or stretched upon the rack,
or swinging upon thle gibbet or the cross —its very dungeon shall be all
radient wvith the light of Heaven; around its cross the solid earth shall
quake; the sun shall hide its.elf in darkness, and the mnoon in blood; and
the very agony of its groans shall fall on the ears of the coming generations.
like the music of the spheres. Itf shall huish, in a silence that may be
felt, the tongue of all other eloquence and all other song.  Yours philosophies shall be abashed and ct)nf(')unded' at its presence; the illustrious
dead shall all be forgotten, and the millions of the living shall'stand still
before God.  The power of wealth shall cease to charm.   Your embattledJ
hosts shall statnd aghast  and the sword and, thle spear of the war.ior shall
enter his own soul.  But God's INtARNATrE TRUTH shial'llive and triumph
over all.
True Mznhond HAs a power on earth which nothiugelse sawv  the tra'
Divinity has; and in human sympathy and regard, it riv-als evenu tliat.
Now, let it here be di.qtinctlv n(,ted and admitted that we have anabundot
supply of &dead truth in all our Constituti(ons, declarations and parchment manifestations; in all our sermons, expostulations, ejaculations. and (ill all'conscience) it is imsually dead enotgh, though even it is destine! to a futa
resurrection (,f immortality and life; bnt tnere is more real p,)wer in one
living, breathing Washington or Kossith, than there would be in all the
t.per declarat.ons and constituitions that could be written on the whole
continent, if it were a'l but one tanned sheep..kin, and more real efficiency in
ene truly martyr man or woman, thotigh a beggar, than there can be in all
the sermoois and prayers and services that could be repeated from one Christmas night to another, the world around, without any such manifestation.
With' the one, with great parades of loaio and eloquence, and great
bladders full of win(ldy.ttri,'-,tis,n, -reat agonies of-exhortation and expostultion in greats churches full of little vanities, we  may, at.least, seem to
keep onr.4elvrs and our tellows in society, where we are. like drowning
uien c'inginz to a dead logr or an o'd hulk; but when Go0 sends along that
steamship, a true, living Man,.how easily we are borne forward-sand delivo
ered at once from our agonists and our perils!'
May l[oaven's mercy sond'. us ck Man.,. All this little fillibustering
around old figments and old.forms don't sem to do.  Loud thumps on the
old hulk don't seem to m'ike us,-.swim any ftter.  We want a new craft
with n.w engineering and new speed.  The old hulk did well enough
nce.  It was, indeed, a fine,-anid a  rast gallant ship.  She  crossed thle
gelfof the [)trk Ages, and she stemmed the sttorms of the Revolution like
a swan in an angry s'a.  But with,mr own hods:.we have torn away the
mAsts and the sils, ripped up the decks, and thrown away the' coinpas
and the rudder, because a few old grannies on board told us, it was "expe ten?," and we wanted to "compromise" and "keep peace "with the STORM
.,d the wIND.  Now, we need a new ship   Gd%Iend us a new Martr Man,.to construct it for us, or at least, to refit amid RE-MA  the old one.
We have had many great and illustrious tinkers on board; great champs ns of little fi.inents.    earc  them with youi- candle, and you will Afi
l', thougbg  vautdng!y. great, ifinitely  omld.  What hav  thy d/een 
'pthat *as not better' dose before they'were born, or likly bto 8(elrfe thy
:are dead?  After all our rhapsodies and eulogies and rhodomantades, whea
or where have we seen a truly great man since we  buriedthe Patrot
Fathers?  And even on the small scale, does any-man in his senses be lieve, that with all our schools and means and churches and wealth, there
-is, at this moment, as much True Manhood and True Womanhood among
the twenty millions of the present generation, as there was among the
three millions of the Revolution? I confess I do not. There are many
.who doubt it. May Heaven in its mercy send us a Man.
1st.  But it must be confessed that this true Manhood, in its higher
.m anifestations, is not the product of every age and clime.  Nor can it be
expected to be. It is in this degree, only-the slow growth of the toiling
ages; that, like angel's visits, are few and far between.
But in its lower. degrees it is ever with us; for God always reserves a
seed on earth to a;u.e lim.  The salt of the earth is never taken fully
away, though its moral and political SAVIORS, we have not always'with us.
2d. Where, then, shall we find these lower manifestations of true man:hood?  I answer, it is not the exclusive product of any particular race,
rank, cast, creed, profession, or pursuit in life. If you survey human society, like the several champions of tribe or sect, or like the Fourth of July
orator, as the owl at noon-day surveys from the masthead the vast and
dazzling deep around him, you will find it, of course, all in one race, or
tribe, or clan.
The Anglo-Saxon beholds its evidences only in his Magna Chartas, his
protestant and political professions and manifestoes; *his prodigies of Art
and of Power; his open bibles, churches, and polls, and his free schools
trid colleges; open and free, of course, to all who are allowed to enjoy them
(just as they are in Italy and Russia,) AND TO NO OTHERS.
The Catholic of Europe sees it in his holy Mother Church, with its enirudite priesthood, its gorgeous ritual and venerated altars, free, alike, to atI
colors, classes, climes and ages; in the ancient and divine right of reigning,kings, rather than in the modern right of apostate Republicans-a bible
honestly open and duly submissive to the priesthood, and honestly shut to
all others.  He deplores the apostacy and treason of our Luthers and of our
Washingtons, and realizes the extreme depravity of such rebels aind miscreants as Mazzini and Kossuth; and duly curses and anathematises the horrid barbarism and detest.ble hypoerisy of our agrarian,infidel, slave-holding
Democracy, as he is pleased to term it.
TheAlormon in his Salt Lake homre,-finds, there alone, the pure, patriar.chal faith of the elder and the younger Joseph.  The Gentile world  all
without, fit plunder for the faithful few; and even the Camanche chief, as
lie bears to his wigwam the scalps of pioneer adventurers, exults in the
greatness'of his triumphs, the justice of his cause, and the glory of his race
and power.
So it was in the olden time, with Jews, Greeks, and Romans; and so'it
-is in every age.  The trte Manhood, in their estimation, is ever all inside
of that WOODEN HORSE of policy or of faith which their own vanity, pride,
or perfidy has cbnstructed and consecrated to the gods, as at once a defence
'to themselves and a perfidious engine of destruction to their followers.
Take your candle into the belly of that wooden horse; search it closely;
you will find the perfidious Greek, and not the true man there. Carry it
through all the outward forms and organizations that have ever existed upon earth, and you will find no monopoly of real virtue or real vice in any
one of them. But one great, wondrous miracle running through them ali,
Hluman Nature, marvelously the same; -marvelously alike under sll climes, 
'ames, names, forms, and  gesand the didine          tue,te,no,  Ase
foufid among thetn all.   -..
I am aware that this view of things is not very consoling to our Protest ant, AnglO-Saxon vanity; but it cannot be hewted,till we reform in deed aid
iri, truth, as well as in profession and pretense.
Leaving, then, these general surveys, let asadescend,tfor a moment, with
our candle, amid the ordinary pursuits odf individual life, and examine the
relative claims of rank, profession, and pursuit; and what shall we find?
There stands one, gifted with the highest Official rank which the acclaiming
voices and votes of millions could confer. He has wealth, talent, education,
power, all he ever desired-far more thln he ever expected, is his.  Is he a
Man? Bring that candle, and search and-see. You will find that neces- 
sity or accident, not virtue or merit, placed him where he is. He is not
there because he had true manhood, but precise!y because it was well known
that tlad not.  A fit tool for dirty work was wanted, and in him it was
found. They did not want a man, or, if they had, they could not have
fobnd one for such service. They wanted a two-legged animal, without
feathers, for certain dirty uses, and there, aloft, he sits. Take your candle
and examine him at your leisure; or,.rather, blow it out.;-'I is not worth
looking at.
In ordinary life, you shall find among merchants, mechanics, and farmers
-men, skilled in all the varied arts of their calling, and blessed with the
ample results of their skill, and still, if you examine them with your candle,
you shall find nothing but the mere merchant,-mechanic, or farmner-a mere
tool, of no use to himself or any one else, except to transfer so many goods,
like a locomotive, or erect so many structures, like a steam factory, or
elaborate so many crops and products like the animals and tools he uses.
A cmrious and a wonderfifl machine, indeed, but never,:for once, put to any
of the higher uses and ends for which its Maker  designed it.  No true
manhood there-not a particle.
In all, the so called, learned professions,,you will meet with precisely
similar results.  You shall find professors and teachers versed in all lore,
ancient and mniodern; skilled in all science and all tongues.  Doctors of
medicine who have pills and powders and enigmatical prescriptions, and
wondrous wise looks and saws, enough to Lkill or cure a whole generation
of patients at a single dose.  Doctors of Law, with all possible "ifs and
ands," hems and haws, briefs, budgets,pleas and plaintiffs, expediences,
quirks and quibbles, writs, rights and wrongs. Gabriel condMmned and
sentenced one hour, and Satan exalted and crowned the next, all by the
potent force of imnmaculate justice, eloquence and law. Doctors of Divinity,
full of all Greek and Hebrew, and all possible sectarian lore, with all possible
exhortations, of all possible eloquence and power; cures for all sins, mortal
and immortal, with sermons, prayers, hymns, psalms, absolutions and regenerations, orthodox, all old and tried, or in the newest style and warranted
good.  All these things, and many more, you shall find with your candle,
in precise accordance with some dozen scores of different schools in law,
medicine and divinity; and each antagonism warranted infallible by them
all, ji such admirable profusion and confusion, that every man, sick or well,
innocent or guilty, saint or sinner, orthodox or hetrodox, may, at any time,
touch and take, and take to his liking, be it good or bad.
But when you come to call for the MA,OOD of the administrator, you
may find it not at home, or otherwise engaged; at any Trate, it is not at your
service, nor any one's else.
The truth is that human society needs, in its merely worldly and selfish
workings, an annual production of so many eastables; so much beef, corn
tv] 
sand pork; the manufacture of so many sweetmeats and nicknck*;, te.
tran3ter and delivery of so much money and merchandize; the exhibit amnp
defence of so many writs and pleas. on the accidents and crimes of the pro.cess. Pills and powders to physic (off the surfeit of consumption, or remove 
inevitable inflictions; and prayers and p,alms and sermons enough to. keep-,
the conscience quiet in..the great machine as it whirls and spins, without.,
ag.itation,..that is, without any practical interference w:.th its whirling and&
spinning.  And any man may engage in any tonet or allof these pursuits
and IN oMr, JUST AS WELL AS ANOTHER, perform rits requisite tread-miUround, with. all imaginable grace and perfection, without, for once calling
into actiona single principle of his MIRAL NATURE above those instincts of
self-interest and self-preservation with which the brutes are in some degree
endued.  L:true professions, spacious semblances, broad phylacteries, and'
glowing eulogies, it is true, everywhere aboin&d; but do you in all eases,
find with your "andle, the corresponding reality?  Btt be it remembered, you
do find it in some cases, not a {ens  You  do find the merchants, mrechicnics, farmers and divines,-.who nanaflly, magnanimously, gloriously fill their
spheres, ply their skill+ increase their comforts, heal the bodies, brighten the
virtues, defend the rig'.s- ad bless and save the souls of.their fellow.rmen.
All honor, then, to these faithful ones, he they few or many. Search then
with your candle; they.are wortli looking at a long, onag time.
But that our scrutiny may be severe, andthat we may not be deceived in
this seavch, we should ever remember that civilized, and especially, pro.
fessedly christianized nati(mns, carry. their.real sins through the world, not
openly and boldly, like the savage,. ilmt covertly, and under false labeli, as
the sot transp)rts his drams under the  Maiineoliquor law, jostling the policeman as lie goes.. "What.have you got.there?"' exclaims the man of the 
customs  "Oh, nothing but brotdcl)th, tiothin-.but broadcloth, sir." Or,
perhaps, "nothing but lath, tied lathe six."  But when  the scrutainizing
functionary begins to unrol the broadcloth, or tintie the lath, out tumbles the
'striped pig."
It is said that when the goodpeople of the New, Haven colony wanted
to rob the Indians of their rich lands in Milford, they first called a church
meeting and votedu-nanimously,
s't. That the earth is the-ord's, and the fulness thereof.
2d. The Lord hath given it to his saints.
3d. We are the saints of the Most High Gods and"these Indi.ans are heathen and children of the devil.
Of course the Mormon inference son, followed "and.they took the land.
Now, this fact or fable, as you please, illustrates our-point.  For these poor
Indians would, probably, have entered upon any similar woik without taking pains to wr ip ui their. sins in scripturetexts, with little care for the
glory of God in the premises.
We call our wholesale iobberis andl. munrders, diplomnaeyand defence of
rational honor; and.the very..work which we begin and end with prayers
aud psalms, our more honest savage brother begins with the war-whoop,
and ends with the war-dance.   We advance with. ours chaplains and our
psalters, hlie with only hi. tomahawk and his scalping-knife.  But he is a
savage, and has nat yet learned to,cut throats and rip bowels with all our
pious care and skill.
Our.detestable arrogant aud pride we.call;proety; our most dastardly
meanness and servility we tie up-in a.   nicely compacted beadle of lath, ha telled prudence —.firm bound on all sides and ready for show on all o
Tions.  Our avarice, we men pack along through the world, under the
avma.of.industry, fnd prolviding,for.,on's own bouwbold  w, mm'a
[to] 
[I'll,
*  oher ex- manage to carry along more devils with them'than ever ern.
tered into MNlary MaLYdalene, under the mosedmiixble' epithet-of "llrvous,"
"very nervous indeed." How ungallant-ithis is!! But thatold candle ot
Diogenes will m;ke us read thinga-as they really'are.  Even our exhorts.
fions, our charities, and ouir very prayerT ar  sometimes ontly' the outer
wrappers under which we the more deeply hide the varnof our wmls.
But the,triped pig is still there, and ifther-e are any sin* wich we find it
impossible thus to pack through the world, underthe false!bxs of civilized
life, unobserved of our fellows, outr' metaphysics and theoldgies readily fur.
nish us with an ample supp;yo()f substitutes,- absolution.-and equivalents,
and the,.lIgical figm,tg arnd quibbles; so that in  our-esinte of things,
Ihey neither:wound our concience, diaurlout'comrplacency, or inar or imyair our virtiue or outir nanhood.,
But if we search hmnan,natutrea witih ourandlb, we must of course,
*ttend to all these thirigs, and not condemnn our savage brother because  he
carries his.ins-openly, by the natural handle-  and exeuse-our.elves by hi
ding our own beneath those bundles -f broad cloth nomenclature, and theological lath with which ourtiieer verbiage and'more subtle dogmas have
supplied us.
And surely, in viewvof all'theme countterfeits and delusions,-we need, each
of us, to search our own selves that we  may trulylknow what manner of
spirit we are of, and open our eyes and our- hearts to all examples of true
manhood, whenever and however f(ound.  If you search with your candle,
you will findthemn.  P;'t if you look cmtlywith the'owl-eyes of your race,
your party or your sect' younnever will.
"Say we not truly, thou art a Samaritbtr, and hast a devil, and art mad."
"Not  this min. but Barat."r'SNow  Barab/its was a robber."   Yet this
'was sail of Itim who. alone, i- holy and pure:'  In the narrow pass, at the
battle of l,atnpach, Arnold  VWinklereid left the Swi.-s ranks, and rushinag
upon the Austrian spears., received  8as rmniy as possible in his body, and
,has broke throut_h the line, and made way for'liberty, as the poet say
'" Make way for literty;' hecrind,
Then ran with arms exteded wide,
A. if his dearestfriend-s to clasp,
1'en spears hie swept within his grasp;
lie bowed among them like a tree,
And thu., made way-for liberty.
An, earthqu.,tke could not overthrow,
A city with a surer blow, —
T-huus Switterlandk-garn was free,
T'hus dleath made wayfor liberty."
'Takenow your cvndie; go f6rth'into the wide world and search, and
u shall finid no age, or rrce, or class, hereft o, all specimens of a similar
'llttstrioui vi'rtue.'l'h'ey brinf  no credentials ot college, schtwl or elass
t't they'come with t-clseaI vf the livin)g God on their foreheads. atd kinigs
~ od emnpire,s,kW l;'re them.
Your shliepher,ts. your fishermetn and your tent-makers shall come forth
it;-i Judea, berto' ~reate  blessings  to the  world than all her kintg,
couicils, pri(tst, lo vites,   synagogues and sanholirm, threounh  the whole
bnoustnds( of vy.afa of their history:   You shall find your Wicklif  your
liusses, your L,itiets  and Knoxea,'who feared ne'ther king, nor priest, ror
-ape;'your Sid,yvs,-whi) cared not  for crowns  nor commonwea.ths, in
th,. same phalanx with your WSshingtons, your LAfayettes, K03sutha and
Mazzinisi, leading,onward ti the great conflicts of the ages, the Armakdou' f of-t h'  hit'tory, a wboe h   of awartby zMyrond beet s.war 
1[2]
to us,.bvt less known to fame,  They shall come, despising the hollowr
mockery of your canonized faiths and the legalised villainies of your empir", your constitutions and your laws, proclaiming in the face of high
Heaven, the eternal justice of God, the rights of man, and thefreedom of
the soul.  They shall come with the soind of the trumpet and the voice of
the archangel; and If you-.resist them, they shall dabble your bridle-reins in
blood-.  Your crowned, voluptuous and besotted tyrants; your servile, feeling, sentimental priests siall tremble as they come; and your miserable,
pettifogging demagogues, however gifted with talenits, or exalted in office,
shall fall betore them.  MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY, for lo! they come.  No
profession or pursuit or class shall be unhonored.  Your Cincinnati shall
come, forth from the plow; your Franklins from the printing office; your
.Sierm7ans from the shoe beich; your Bunyans from the tinker's shop; your
learned blacksmiths from the anvil and the forge; your Touissaint L'Ou. vertures, your Penningtons and Clarkes and Douglases, with skins all
blackened with an African sun, but with tile divine light of free and heav en-horn souls, deemed on earth the slaves of your lusts, but courted in
heaven with the Inasters of your doom, they shall come.  Will you have the
impudence to ask them for their pedigree?  They shall answer you in the
language of one of their own race, that their'ancestor was an ape, and
that their lineage beans where your, ends."
In this embattled host of the present and the past, your Grecian Socra tes, and your Roman iBrutii, shall be mnarshalled.with your Chinese  Con fucii and y,)tir Persian Zoroasters; your Catlolic Fenelons, and Father
Matthews, aild your Lord Baltimores, with your Quaker Penns; your English
Kuoxes and Aiiierican Roger VYilllamses and John Robinsons: your Eman uel Sweedenburg,; vour Edwardses and your Dwights and Wesleys, with
your HIncocks andI Ada moses; your skeptic al Fraklins and Jeffersons and
i)wets, and  Blniico WVhi.tes; your invincible Logans and Osceolas; your
swarthy Pocahotitases and Powliattans, knowing not God  but as they see
him in the cloud or hear him in the wind, shall come forth from their dusky
tforest home, to stay the Cttriitian Murder of your PlIacidoes and your miartyr poet-slaves.  All, all shall comne to teach Christian Republicans the first
truths of pttriotimni and freed,)m, and Cliritian schooltme and polemics, the
first lessons of love to G(]d and man.  if you are their oppressors, they
shall either younr arrows and your spears to- their bosoms; they shall turn
thleirJices to your couirts, your bayonets and your gibbets, but their backs
t your altars, your utnlineries and your prayers.
MAKE \'VAY  FOR LiBERTY,  FOR LO! THEY COrME. —With  soils of fire
tu(neled fromi the altar of'God, like the' clierubims inl the prophet's vision,
tlhey'shall rhove'to meet'you at their coming. "Their wings shall be joined
*ii one; theyshliall not tu.rn as they go.'!' They shall go, every one straight torward. Whither the spirit leads them they shall go. And there shall
be liviug wheels of fire that turn not, as they go; with clouds and whirl'
winds,.id lightnings and thunderings and voices, and glowing coals.of
fire., And hie that toucheth them shall die.
Plato's men-"two legged animals without feathers"-will stand a poor
chance in this dread warfare, whether perched upon the sacred  desk,
or  on, the Senate's high  and lofty tower.  Marvel -snot, my hearer,
that I put in this. category of true and faithful manhood-faithful to God
and man, some, who- have not, indeed, been blessed with our outward means
of light, and knowledge. "4'For when the Gentiles, which have'not the
law, do by nature, the things contained in the law, these having not the
law, are a law unto themselves. And shall not the uncircumcision which
i by nature, if it keep the righteousness of the law, judge thee who by let,
0
I
i
It 
~ t[1]
ter and circumcision, dost transgress the law?  For he is not a Jew which
Is one  outwardly; but he is a Jew  who is one inwardly.   Thou that
preachest that a man should not steal; dost thou steal?  Thou that abhor-'
test idols, dost thou commit sacrilige? Thout that makest thy boast in?
the law, through the breaking of the law, dishonoreat thou God?"
So thought and so wrote the great apostle of the Gentiles; and I am not
aware that the little figments and little fripperie of our modern theologists'
have, as yet, annihilated this great practical reveatied truth.
Do you ask me how all these became. children of the spirit? "The wind"
bloweth where it listeth, thou hearest the sound thereof,  but canst not tell
whence it cometh nor whither it goeth.  So is every one that is borne of
the spirit."  But let us not imagine that our fair' sisters of the other sex are'
either unrepresented or unhonored in this great processioni  of illustrious
virtue and manhood.
To say nothing of the Ruths and Rachels and- Esthers and Marys and
Marthas and Dorcasses of olden timne or of the Madame Gnyenes, Hannah
Mores, Lady Arabellas and Flora MLcDonalds; the Mrs. Washingtons, the
Adamses, Williamses, M'Iottes, Elliotts and Caldwells of more recent days
when we see such specimens of womanhood abroad in the land, as we find
in our own Miss Lyon, Mirs. Stowe, and the ever memorable and exalted
Miss Dix, we are constrained to cry aloud and spare not: Ho, ye most honored and most honorables!  Ye lords of ail, most magnificent and profound!!  Ye judges and senators most grave and noble!.!  Ye  lawyers
and philosophers most wise  and  prudent          Ye  divines most eloquent,
learned and devout!!  Ho ye! one and all.  Now is the time for fear, for
alarm, for terror, for caution, and for action ieo. For the nether garmets of
vour discarded manhood are fast slipping away fr)om their appropriate sex.
You have great and glorious leaders, yourng ladies.   Press on, PRESS  0T
And you, younz eentlemen, take care of your small clothes, for you have
rivals in the field far more dangerous than the Bloomerites.
Thus, while we searc(h the world with our candle and discover its semblances, deceits and shams, in all ages and among all classes, professions
and pursuits alike, we also find good men and true among them all, bearing
tle destinias of the race onward and upward, with united and resistless pow-'
er, toward the jubilee of that great liour when all men shall be the free men
)ot the Lord, and all the earth filled with the glory of his might.
3. Ilow then can we accelerate i,lis great developement of character and
of destiny?  I can answer only in brief — It can be done only through the
combined and  co-operative  educational  influences of the  FAMILY,  the
ScHOOL, the CHurcH and the STATE.  Let it be shown in each and all of
,hese, that character-true manhnoocl-is really prized and sought, nurtured
and honored; the thing really wanted and aimed at, instead of the mere
v*i,  mummeries and conformities of some local conventional respectabiltity based on the outward glare of fashion, wealth, etiquette, dress, equippage, rank, office, learning, scholarship, intellect. eloquence, and all those
nameless trifles which are now every where in the family and the church.
as well as in the school and the state, placed before the great essentials of
real character and true manh(od.  Let this he seen and felt too, not simply
iii these set harangues in which we attempt to deceive both ourselves  and
otir children, (for we shall deceive neither,) but in our actual life, our socialn intercourse and daily conduct.  Or, if we have not the manhood  to do
this, let us, at least, be consistent, and rule it out of our admonitions, our
sermons and our prayers.  As matters now are, the world is quite too full
af pathetic, dandy-j ack exhortations on the superlative value of virtue which
m,ar healers and our children well know we do not believe one word of oui 
~ tves,4md should be quite provoked if we found them acting stricity o
cording to our formal advice, in any case, except where it is already "re
.tfable," that is, fashionable todo so.
"SHave any of the Ph.risees believed on him?"  This is the first quew
tion the bond-slaves of "respectability ask in all ages.  It true manhood is
of more  iralue than mere intellect or'learning, or scholarship, or genius, or
.aught else under the sun, then let, it be more fostered and cherished and
eared for in our schools, seminaries and co~leges, -instead of.less, or not a
all.  And let such Ceourses of study and discipline alone tbe preacribed a*
shall tend most fully to develop and stregthen it; instead of such, as all
experience shows, tend only to dwarf. cripple and emasculate it.  If it is
of more value to the state or church than all else, then let not the people
of the State scout it front the p(olls, atid drive it from every office in the
land, or by other means, disfranchise and disown4t; nor ithe church cast it
out as an evil thing, because it discards her frivolities, or rebukes, her fol.
lies or her sins.
"Thou art altogether, born in sin, and dost thou teach us;" said the bit
cted Jews.  "And they cast him otut."  Yet the LoRo of AL took him. up.
If in the tamily, the school, the church and the State alike-CHAAcTZxt TRUE MEA OoD-is to be the one great, sole end, ever in view; and if dress,
manners, etiquette, customs, forms, ceremonies, sciences, literature,
Scholarships, serm'ns, theologies, churches, offices. constitutions; and laws,
one aed ALL, are to be held and treated not as ends, but, as only the humble
ineans, the mere instrumentalit"es to this ONE, SOLE., GREAT ESD —the ntur.
lure and developement, in all classes and races alike, of tais, true manhood;.
and if this whenever and wherever seen, is revered and prized more than
all else put together.; then, and not till then, the rein n of Reason, of frutht,
cud of.od shill cotne.  Now if the family, the school anl the church,
really believe the honesth-earted sincerity of this true manhood more valu able than the flippant deceit& of etipuette, fashion and form; if they really
prize its sun-burnt and toil-wow  industry- at.the plow-in  the shp —in
the kitchen and the washroomn, more than the, fantastic displays of a vicious
lnd useless, self-indulge.nt idlers and ease-TRiUE VIRTUE, in hovels  and
in rags —before pampered, volupluous, effeminate vice in silks, statins and
broadcloths; —if they really think its sober jiiudgment, its manly thought, its
earnest purpose, and its high resolves, for the just, the right atnd the true,
of mare account than the.smitking displays of little, pedantic etiquiettes, con
formities and respectabilities at home and abroad, —if they really deem the
.oltd greater than the body, and prize the man more than the monkey,-if
-character is to be plaied high abore all mere outward adornments or ac quirements, whether of body or mind-in one wIord, if JESUS CHRIST is
really to ru!e instead of Homer, or Horace, or Newton, or Euclid, or Mozart,
or Beau Brummell-then let us act as if we believed it, and adj'ust our in~
dividual prejudices, our educational processes, ourdaily conversation and our
laws of life and social intercourse  o t.he views we profess; and we shall
do more for the trne millennium of God and of Christ itl one week than we
are likely to do now, by our eulogies and sermons and.services in a whole
century of sabbaths.
But do we do this? What is the real, pracmetical.,standard of a knowledged
worth, in the family, the social gathering, the church, the school and th,
state?  Is it these great moral elements of all true virtue and manhood, or
the dumb show and mummeries of our little conventional respectabilitiesf J, do not ask which is put foremost in our lectures to our children- in.owr
orations,sernons and prayers, but which is uppermost in our thoughts
md  orts  wad in all the practical and. UTNGUARED) manifestations of ow
-ft4j 
[15J
int, Iward life —week'days and Sundays —at home and abroad —when we
choo.e our representatives —hire our teachers or our preachers-visit our
schools, our churches or our friends?  Do all our religious professions and
principles, for examnple, ever really touch or diminish our own pride of stand  ing, profession or cast, any more than the religion of the Brahman of India
does his?  But if we allow our great Anglo Saxon god, Respectability, to
perform precisely the same work in our souls and our social life, that the
great god of Vishnoo performs in the soul and life of the Indian idolater,
how are we better than he?  if the sad work is inexorably done, what mat.
ters it by what name we choose; to christen the imaginary idol that does it?
Or, if custom, respectability, is- to to' be the teal god of the soul, what matters
it by what name it invokes it, in its formal devotion, whether of Vishnoo or
Allah, or Jupiter, or Jehovah?  Who does not feel at this moment that ian
the great Eastern struggle, the' Ottomnan worshippers of Allah are, in fact,
more Christian than the pretended wor~hippi-rs of Jehovah and Jesus, who
aTe striving to mi) and to crush them? GOD looketh upon the heart and
trieth the reins of the children of men, and if the fact be wanting, the spa
cious pretensi,)ns can do no good.
'Why should we despise our Chinese and Indittn brethren who  cripple
their feet and tattoo their skifis, while we cripple our'lunls and tattoo our
souls?  Or why abjure our Hindoo brotijer who swings his body on the hock
of eastern dev(ti.-'n, while'we whirl our souls anrid the souls of our childreni
around the samne giddy circles ol fashion and form?
O,, wad-some power the'giftie- gie us,
Tl'o see oursels as ithers see us!"
Again —while we cointirue to practice and emulate and extol the multi  form L,rties that demniand the inevitable consumption of all our resources,
why scourge and lash and curse tI e necessary avarice that feeds  them?
Do we ni,t know that if one vice eats another must pay its bills?
My hearers.,, if we would again) reproduce the true nimarhood anid true wo ~ manhood of the aptstlic or revolutionary times, we must adopt our means to
our ends.  WeA  muist not allow the great An)gl(o-Saxon god, Re.pectability,
to perform precisely the same work in our souls and our society that the
heathen god, Vishnoo, perfoirms in the mind and casts ofthe Ilindoo.  We,
must not cripple atid tattoo our lungs and our souls as Chinese and Indians
do their feet and ltheir skins.  We  must not pamper the pride and vanity
that consume and curse thie needful avarice that honestly pays the bills
For this is not fa r.'Wlen we wvould see social and civil evils, we  must
not look with fools' eyes to the ends of the earth; to Rome, or Hindoostan,
or China, or Japan, hut to our own country, our own altars, our own hearts
and homes, and looking riohthly with our candle in hand, we shall set
much indeed to commend, but not a little to censure and reform, for true
manhood, the basis of all other good, is a rare and a high endonment, and
we should ever be on our guard against being baffled and deceived by  itec
mere specious semblances and pretences
Our existing educational forms and systems, in the family  thle school,
the church and thie state, have done tolerably wel;, but they have outlived
their day.  They never really and heartily aimed to produce true manhood
but merely to engender intelligence, taste, scholarship, respectability, to re  fine and adorn its modes of manifestation.  They were made to be, and
have become the willing instruments of cast and form.  "Jeshurun has
waxed fat and kicked. He hath forsaken God that made him, and lightly
esteemed the rock of his salvation." The bone and muscle of our revolu-,
ionary times is giving place to obesity and drowsiness; the effeminacy
and appoplexy of the dead and buried nations that have gone before us 
New lands -mnay save-us for a time, but new souls would d it far better and,
far longer.
"Marvel not that F say unto you,  ye MUST be 6orn again."  We do
not now mainly need more means, more refinements, respectabilities and'
forms; more sciences evolving the powers of lightning and steam; more intelligences, exploring all heights and all depths; more languages, gram
mars, rhetorics and literatures, elaborating aDd refining the harangues of
the senate and the church;. more philosophers engendering the expedience.
and sophisms of the schools.  "Let not these be thy gods, O, Israel!"  But
we need more RADICAL,. 3ELF-EVIDENT TRUTHS, setting our rEal sins in order before our eves, and calling with trumpet tongue for the justice of
Heaven and the freedom of the soul..
Dispelling and driving before them,.like the the chaff before the whirl.
wind, the absurd dogmas of both sects and sceptics and all the little miserable mists and fogs and drizzles of she church; the petty expediences and
caucusings and wire-workings -nd  office-seekings, and humble-servantisms and compromisings and Union-savings and agollisms, and all the fog
and foam and froth and filthy slime and scumr of the State.  To give us a
clear sky and a fair sea, with true manhood at our helm, the smile of
Heaven's light, and the bow of Heaven's promise over our heads, and we
OURSELVES willing to see the salvation of God.  And when such educa.
tional means have performed their Irue work, we shall, on earth as in
Heaven, have no need of the light of the candle, nor of the light of the sun,
nor of the moon, for the Lord God and the lamb shall give us light, and we
shall reign for ever more. So mote it be.
Young gentlemen of the Platoeian Society, you have a great work on
hand. Your education and position in human society, imposes on you, preeminently, the task, first, of BEING, and second of MAKING MEN-men for the
republic, men for the true church, men for titne, men for God and eternity,
I promised in the outset that I would not be personal; I svill keep my
promise, even against my feelings and the interest of my cause, lest too plain
s.peech in presence of noble men should be construed into flattery. But it
is your good fortune not to be under the necessity of going a hundred miles
from home to find a T}.UE MAN, and I trust, several of them, who-some of
them, at least-have made themselves such, in spite of all possible outward
embarrassments, obstacles and disadvantages.  Multitudes you can find
everywhere, on the other hand, who, in spite of all possible advantages of
wealth, education, scholarship, culture, and social and civil aids, are still
only things-gilded thinugs, ever on sale; as really two legged, and still, as
really featherless and soulless as Plato's poor chicken.
Learn then, from these, and know that it is not in the power of wealth,
fortune, fate, culture, education, books, teachers, scholarships, talents, gifts,
opportunities, stations, offices., churches, states, empires, men or angels, to
put true manhood into you, if'you will not have it there; nor will all earth,
heaven or hell keep it out, if you truly seek it. For God mna,kes a man
of EVERY ONE who wants to be a man, and neither God nor the devil will
on car make one of any one else.
First, then, learn to look through all outward shams and semblances and
see the true man wherever you meet him.
Second, resolve yourselves, individually, to be THE TRUE MAN.
Third, help God and all the great and good, in the great work of making
anid perfecting TRUE MEN. This is your life work. This is more and
greater than founding empires, states, schools and churches; yea, more,
greater and higher than creating new globes and new worlds The noblest:
workof God-and God aid and bless you in your effolbrt and your work.
PI
ir
[1671
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