Eccle. 38. 
Altissimus creavit de terra medicinam, & vir prudens non abhorrebit illam.  
❧ BULLEINS Bulwark of Defence against all Sickness, soreness, and Wounds that do daily assault mankind: Which Bulwark is kept with Hilarius the Gardener, & Health the Physician, with the Chirurgeon, to help the Wounded Soldiers. Gathered and practised from the most worthy learned, both old and new: to the great comfort of Mankind: by William Bullein, Doctor of Physic. 1562.  
IMPRINTED At London by Thomas Marsh, dwelling in Fleetstreet near unto Saint Dunstanes Church. 1579.  Cicero. 1. Offic. 
Eos quorun vita perspecta est in rebus honestis, & benè de Rep. sentientes observare & colere solemus.    

TO THE RIGHT Honourable Lord Henry Cary Baron of Hunsdon, and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter: William Bulleyn wisheth all health, and perfect felicity in christ.  
Mankind, which is called of the Philosopher, Microcosmos, Orbiculus, or a little World, having in itself, either Misery, Felicity, or a Mean: although it be of the most beautiful Form, and fairest Shape, excelling all other living Creatures upon Earth: And also is rightly endued with goodly gifts of Nature, in whose Brain is fixed the jewel called Reason, the Mother of Art, and Science, by whom be wrought, & Invented marvelous things, whereby our eternal GOD is perceived in us his Creatures, more abundantly, than in the high Lights movable, and fixed in the Firmament of Heaven: whose natural influences be known unto Mankind. Even so be the virtues of every Creature here in Earth: as Beast, Fowl, Fish, Serpent, Trees, plants, Fruits, Flower, Herb, Grass, Gum, Stone, and Metal. There is nothing so secret hidden, within the Minerals of the Earth, or lurking so low under the Floods of the Sea: but by means, and policy, they are brought to use. Their Names, Qualities, and Natures are known unto the witty Head of Mankind: to this end, to help Mankind in the time of his bodily infirmity. These hath GOD ordained by his divine providence, that every Creature sensible, and insensible, should serve his best Creature, Mankind. 
Luke. 1.  To this end, that he should serve GOD in righteousness, & holiness, all the days of his life, for these his Gifts. And the Philosopher saith, in libro de Coelo, & Mundo: Deus, & Natura nihil frustra agunt: GOD, and Nature doth nothing in vain, but are ever working, and doing: he the principal cause, and they his effect. Yet for all these singular virtues, given to Man: through the continuance of time, Calamities of this World, Wounds in the Body, corruption of the Air, abundance of Humours. etc. the same Mankind doth decay, die, and return unto the Dust, and become as though he had never been: although he be never so honourable, yea or poor, death doth make equality between them. Every man's course is appointed, they cannot prolong their time: notwithstanding, 
job. 14.  GOD hath ordained sundry Means, by his ministers, to help Mankind in the time of sickness, to ease their pains, and heal their Wounds. And I being a Child of the Common wealth, am bound unto my Mother, that is, the Land in which I am borne: to pleasure it, with any good gift, that it hath pleased GOD to bestow upon me: not foe this end, to instruct the learned, but to help the ignorant, that they may resort to this little bulwark, which I do Dedicated unto your honourable Lordship. Where they shall not only be defended in the same, from sickness, and Wounds: but also being wounded, through cruel Assaulters of this Bulwark, or Sick, here eftsoons they shall have at hand, all manner of Cordials, and wholesome Salves. Whereby they shallbe the abler, to keep this Hold against all bodily evils: which I do call soreness, and Sickness: for whose sakes, I have builded this little Fort calling it my Bulwark. Not being able to build any bigger work of defence against Sickness, or evil Diet: as that Man of worthy memory, Sir Thomas Eliot Knight did, when he builded his Castle of Health, a Book very profitable. Would GOD, that all Men of Worship in their calling, were likewise disposed to their Country, as he was, and many more, whose names I do commend unto the Reader, within this little Bulwark. And although there will be many peradventure, both malicious, spiteful, and cankered of Mind, that both with slander and disdain, will lay their Battery, against this Fort: I shall be able ever to repulse them, through your Lordships good aid. For I have builded it very low, wanting neither the strength of Ordinance, provision of Uictualles, nor the Policy of most worthy Captains, & good soldiers: as Hypocrates, Galen, Dioscorides. etc. Now finally, I shall most humbly desire your good Lordship, to take this simple Book, as an Argument of my good Zeal and Love, that I bore unto you, for your goodness toward me. For if I were otherwise able, to gratify your Honour, according to my bounden Duty: I would not leave it undone, as knoweth GOD, who ever give your Lordship continuance of Honour, and prosperous Health.  
From London. In March. 1562. Your Lordships ever to command: William Bulleyn.   

TO THE Friendly Reader, William Bulleyn sendeth Salutation.  
FOr as much good Reader, as four years last passed, I promised (in a Book of mine, called the Government of health, which I dedicated to a knight of great worship in the North, called Sir Thomas, the Baron of Hilton) to set forth an other Book of healthful Medicines: Even so, by the space of one year next after the same, I travailed to perform my Promise made, & so finished my Copy: which Copy did perish in Shipwreck, & so my Labour was lost. And not only my Labour, but also my Life, by sundry malicious and devilish Inventions, by, and through one William Hilton: in nature, Brother to the foresaid Baron of Hilton, but in Conditions, nothing like at all: for he wanted his gentleness, & good nature. Now, after that God had delivered me from the great peril of this Man, that is to say: conspiring of my guiltless death, & hurtless life, towards him and his: eftsoons this man attempted an other new displeasure against me for debt: colouring his Malice by a pretence of law. By which Action, finally I was imprisoned, me thought a long time (for there are but few Guests, that have pleasure in such Inns.) And being thus in Prison, me thought I had not only convenient time, but also a quiet Conscience, to travel, in renewing my late Book, or lost Copy, which in deed, I am not able to finish, being prevented with so many Troubles, and Let's of my said Enemy, whose doings at large, I commit to silence, lest I should seem to write, a Story or Tragedy, or else a description of his folly, in the place of Physic: no less also can I, but declare some cause of my let, and why my Book came not forth ere this tyme. accordingly as I promised. But blame me not, good Reader, although I put him in my Book, which would have put me from this Life. And this Book, which I have done, Gentle Reader, take it in good part, I pray you, for that is my desire.  
first, I have made you a Book of Simples, as Herbs, Fruits. etc. For I had no small pleasure in the natures of them, being moved of the Heathen men, so to do: whose names do, & ever shall remain, among such as read of Simples. Galen commendeth unto us, the love & cunning the Orpheus, Museus, Hesiodus, Homerus, & Rufus Ephesius had in Herbs. Who can forget Lysimachus, a worthy noble capitain to Alexander? who, when he was wounded very deep, found an herb which healed him, & called the same herb, by his own name: Artemisia a noble Queen, called Mugwort, after her own name. Helena found first the virtue of Enulacampana. Gentian was named by Gentias' king of Illyria: with many more noble Men & Women, which delighted in the Flowers, & Fruits of the ground whose names for the most part you shall find in the Simples. I cannot forget Attalus, the king of the less Asia, and Euax a king of Arabia, who wroate good Books to Nero the Emperor: with many good Works of compounds. Among all, Dioscorides a noble Knight of Egypt, which served Antonius, & Cleopatra, like a worthy Soldier in the Field: and excelled all other in the Noble knowledge of Herbs. etc. Let us not forget, the passing Wisdom of Solomon, who had knowledge most excellent in natural Philosophy, aswell as Moral: and taught the Queen of Saba all the virtues of herbs. How worthy were Archelaus King of Cappadocia, & Agamemnon Prince of the Argives, which were noble Kings, yet were they Heathen, saving Solomon. Whose chief delights, were not in Bacchus' Banquets, or Venus' Games: but spent their time pleasantly, in the sweet Fields among Fruits, Flowers, & Spices of delight. Would GOD in such virtues, the Chrystians were their Equals. When you have read the Simples following, then approacheth the Chirurgeon Plaster, and Salve prepared ready, to make whole the wounded Man helped by Hypocrates, Galen, and Avicen to finish his cunning cure. Then cometh the Apothecary Nicholaus, with rich Cordials, Pills, Electuaries, and Purgations of each kind, with his master the Physician, who doth dispense every Medicine in Time, Place, Quantity, and good order, to his Patient with good Diet, travel, sleep: and finally, the perturbations of the Mind. At which place good Reader, I should have declared of other judgements, as Pulse, urine, and the proper Cures of every Fever, afflicting the Body: which hereafter, by God's grace, I shall bring to pass, if time will suffer me to live. And until such time, most gentle Reader, take this in good part, from the hands of him, who thinketh it well bestowed upon thee, if courteously thou do receive the same again. Thus far thou heartily well. Thine ever to his small power.  
William Bulleyn.   

THE AUTHORS, Captains, and Soldiers of this Bulwark▪  

Moses.  
David.  
Solomon.  
Esdras.  
JESUS Christus.  
Lucas Euangel.  
Paulus Apost.  
Hypocrates.  
Galenus.  
Lysimachus rex Maced.  
Avicen.  
Dioscorides.  
Auerrhois.  
Rasis.  
Ruellius.  
Isaac.  
Theophrastus.  
Fulgentius.  
Mesue.  
Paulus AEgineta.  
Arnoldus de nova Comen.  
Pandect.  
Leonardus Euchsius.  
Conradus Gesnerus.  
Petrus Andraeas Matthiolus.  
Leonellus Faventinus.  
julianus Moristica.  
Nicolaus Prep.  
Nicolaus Myreps.  
joh. Placatomus.  
joh. Tagaultius.  
jacobus Hollerius.  
Marianus.  
Plato de Legibus.  
Xenophon.  
Pompeius' Mela.  
A. Gellius.  
Strabo.  
C. Plinius Secundus  
Persius.  
Textor▪ office  
ovid.  
Virgil.   
XLIII. in number.   

Thomas Newton to the Friendly Reader.  

DUe proof doth show, so doth Experience teach  
That handcraftsmen (when sun is gone to glade)  
If slender light their weary Eyes impeach,  
Or hindre them, in that their toiling trade,  
(For that their sight is dim with darkness made)  
Of custom use to covet open Air,  
And bring their work into more lightsome layre.   

The Mind of Man in Body's Prison kept  
Is pressed down, and fetired lies full fast▪  
All rest, all case, all joy is from it swept,  
Unless it be revived with sovereign taste  
Of sacred Lore, or worthy Works forepast:  
By which one mean, it bayles itself from Gyeves,  
And (maugre Spite) with comfort great survives.   

This work thus penned by Bulleins busy brain,  
With travail, toil, expense, and much charge  
(Which proves & shows how glad he was & fayn●  
To help each sort, and set his Mind at large:  
As one (sans fear) by help of Palias' (Targe)  
He frankly here unto the learned Crew  
Beequeathes and gives with friendly eye to view.   

It was at first but roughly hewn out  
Himself that time in Prison fast detained,  
Not marvel them, though escapes & faults did sprout,  
Sith he the while from liberty was waned:  
Yet his goodwill, his skill, and love unfeigned  
He kept not back, but offered it to all,  
In hope thereby to pleasure great and small.   

If God on high had lent him longer days  
He would the same have repecused again  
And brought in frame, as mountain Bear astates  
With licking Tongue, her whelps in shaped to train:  
But gone he is, with Christ above to reign:  
He plainly spoke, he plainly wrote also,  
His Light, and Speech did both together go.   

His pleasant Pen, his merry Mind, and Wit  
Did most men please, yea all of judgement found:  
Tride truth he told, and nail on head he hit:  
Examples store in all his Books are found.  
Whose sap and fruit doth to each sex redound.  
Blind Empiricke, ne Doggeleach could he brook,  
No cozening Mate, no popish Clawback's look.   

In am of pains thus taken for thy sake,  
Afford him thanks, and good report withal:  
Of Ashes his so mayst thou some awake,  
As priest as he, t'assist thee in thy thrall.  
Few faults (I trust) and they but very small  
Are left behind: God grant to thee, and me  
(Good Reader) grace our faults, & sins to flee.   
1579. Thomas Newtonus, Cestreshyrius.  Ad adyta virtuti aditus.  

THE BOOK OF SIMPLES.  Marcellus. 
FIrst of all, my friend Hilarius, because I have no small grief in my breast, 
Azarabaccha or w●●de Nardus.  I shall desire you, to show me the nature of an herb called Asaron, which I trust will help me by the way of vomit.  Hilarius. 
PLinius remembering this herb lib. xj. cap. xiii. and lib. 21. cap. 6. among all other flowers or herbs (saith he) it is utterly refused, 
Azarabaccha is br●ader in Italy, then here in England.  & not worthy to be preferred among pleasant Garlands, or sweet Nosegays, because of the baseness, and bitterness of his nature. In form saith he, it is not unlike unto ivy leaves: notwithstanding it is rounder, softer, and brother: it is much like unto Vngula, called Foales foot. Dioscorides with whom none hath ever been comparable hetherunto, for the excellent invention, and knowledge of herbs, lib. 1. cap. ix. saith that the leaves be of the foresaid form. And is so hot, that it doth vehemently bite the tongue, but in virtue it provoketh urine, helpeth the dropsy, and painful ache of the huckle bone called Sciatica. Six drams of the roots of Asaron, sodden in sweet water, the same water drunken will draw forth the terms in women. 
Asaron provoketh terms▪ & helpeth Sciatica.  Galen lib. 6. simpli▪ medi. speaking of the roots of Asaron saith, they be like to Acorus, but that is marvelous it should so be: for Acorus will not provoke strong vomits, as Asaron william. Therefore Dioscorides hath said the truth, and Mesue saith, that Asaron hath the virtue of Elleborus, to purge both up & down, Choler▪ and phlegm, which Acorus cannot do so: it is hot, and dry in the third degree. In Latin it is called Vulgago, it provoketh urine, cleanseth the matrix, 
Asaron doth help the Liver and stomach.  helpeth the liver from all grie●e, reins, Stomach, Belly, and Spleen. etc. in the laud thereof, having these virtues as I have said from Dioscorides, and Mesue, Marcus Aemilius affirmeth the same, saying: 
Asaron in Greek, Vulgago in Latin, heat, & dry in the iij. degree, provoketh Urine, and purgeth terms menstruoli & taketh away the pains of the Liver.  
Est Asaron Graecè, vulgago dicta Latinè,  
Haec calidae & siccae virtutis dicitur esse,  
Tertius est illi gradus, ut dicunt in utroque.  
Provocat urinam, potataque menstrua purgat,  
Hocque modo iecoris medicatur sumpta dolori:  Here have three notable learned men, declared the virtue of Asaron. Furthermore, if the juice of six leaves, be strained with a pint of Whale, specially of goats milk, and drunk in the morning: This Drink in Summer, will cast forth yellow Choler, and unnatural phlegm. For in Summer vomets aught to be taken, to cleanse the upper parts, as the lower members be purged, by electuaries in Winter. Furthermore, 
20. leaves do seen in injust on, but other ways three, sour, or five do suffice,  xxx. green leaves steeped in new Wine all the night, and strained in the morning, drink this against all the abundance of humours in the Breast, or precordial parts, in this manner. power this wine into a close pot, with a piece of fat Pork, and seethe the same: then let the Patient eat of the Pork, and then drink the Wine, or else the Wine may be drunk after the Pork, simply diluted or steeped all the night with the leaves, and never to be sodden with the Pork. This will help the jaundice, 
Asaron good against Dropsy. Fevers. and frenzy.  and if it be drunk of any body, which hath a Tercian being first digested: and specially not on the sick day, it will clean deliver from the said Tercian: in the beginnings of Hydropsies, Timpani●s, Quotidians, green Sickness, Quartaynes, Worms, and swelling in the Stomach, there is no better reamedy, than to drink this, as in the manner aforesaid: For a weak frantic Brain, coming of an extreme cold, when Melancholy is placed in the mansion of reason, through which, the principal Senses be obscured and darkened: shave the Mould of the head, and wash the same with Wine, wherein calamints, Rosemary, Lignum Aloes, and Asaron have been sodden, and then anoint the head with the oils of Maces, Mints, and Asaron warm, purging the head with Pills of Hierae simplex, and abstaining from such meats, as wyllingender Melancholy, or make exhalation, or Smoke up into the Brain. The juice of Asaron tempered with Nill, 
The Arabians call that Nill which we name Visc●m or Missiltowe Lib, primo Paradox. Cap. xxuj.  called Missiltow, and strained with a little rose-water, will cleanse the dark sight of the Eyen, and make them clear. And thus I end of herb Asaron, which hath virtue against Choler: would God it had the like effect, to cleanse Disdain, rancour, & malice, so that grace, that most precious herb, might be replanted again in each man's breast, which the Devil hath supplanted through pride.  Marcellus. 
What is Asplenon, called Scolopendrion, or Citrache, and Hemionitis, leaved like Dragons, and Phyllitis, called Hearts tongue, good for?  Hilarius. 

Asplenon good for the Spleen.  TO this herb Asplenon, no herb may be compared, for his singular virtue, to help the sickness, or grief of the Spleen, the place of Melancholy. It is called Scolopendrion, of a speckled Worm with many feet. This herb is a small fern, growing among stones, neither having stalk, flower, or seed: the leaves be yellow by neath, and green above. There is an other herb of the same virtue, 
Hemionitis leaved like Dragons.  for the spleen called Hemionitis, whose leaves be much like Dragons, with many small roots: these said heroes die not, & be hot in the first, and dry in the second degree. Goodly Sirupes are made of them for the Spleen: 
Diosco. lib. 3. Capi. 134.  they be very good in decoction for the same: if one do drink of this herb sodden in Vinegar, by the space of .40. days, it hath virtue to consume the spleen: this herb hath virtue to help the jaundice, stone, strangury, 
Galen. lib. 5. S●●. medica. Capi. xii.  hicket, or wind, and Capper barks, Tamarice roots, Scolopendrion, & Scylla sodden by art together, will help the Spleen. There is an herb called Phyllitis, or Hearts tongue, growing in dark places, which is partly of the nature of the said herbs, which hath singular virtue, both for man and beast, to be drunk against poison, and bloody flixes, or flowing of terms immoderate in Women. But many now a days, have such passions of the Spleen Cankered with melancholy, 
The spleneticke love.  corrupted with disdain, and with golden words, loving only from the Spleen, and not from the Heart, that they give each other the courtesy of the tongue, without the consent of the heart: and thus I conclude of heartless Tongue, and Hearts tongue, the one of comfort, the other of decay. Lingua fallax non amat veritatem, 
Proverb. 27. d▪  & os lubricum operatur ruinas.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Wormewodde? that bitter herb called Absynthium?  Hilarius. 
Absinthium is a common herb: it is of divers kinds, as Ponticum, 
Wormwood.  and Romanum. etc. it is hot in the first and dry in the second, and it is very bitter, and being dried, keepeth clotheses from worms and moths, and the Sirupes thereof eaten before wine, preserveth Men from drunkenness: if it be sodden in vinegar▪ it will help the sores that breeds in the Ears: being laid warm upon it: it is to be drunk against swelling of the Stomach. And Ophthalmia which is a sickness of the Eyes, is greatly helped with Wormewodde▪ 
Sore ears.  if it be stamped and made lukewarm with rose-water, 
For the Eyes  and put into a clean Walnut shell: the Syrup healeth the bloody Flux bound to the Belly: 
Bloody flux  it doth help a cold Stomach, if it be drunk ten days, 
Cold stomachs.  every morning two spoonful of the Syrup: it is also good against the Dropsy. And thus saith Avicen, figs, Cockle. Wormwood, and Niter stamped together, 
Dropsies.  and made in a Plaster, is good against the disease of the Spleen, 
Avicen. lib. 2.  and also killeth Worms in the Belly, used in the foresaid manner: 
Simp. 2,  one dram of the Powder may be drunk at once in Wine: 
For the spleen.  it hath many goodly virtues, as the Wine thereof being drunk, against Dropsyes, coldness of the Stomach, Wind, swellings: 
Wormwood hath many virtues.  if a handful be sodden in eight pound of clean Water or Wine, in a vessel of Silver, Glass, or Stone, putting in sweet Calamus, Cinnamon, the flowers of Cassia, Squinance, Spikenarde, and Dates of each. ℥ four beaten all together and sodden, as is aforesaid: or else these things put in a vessel of new Wine with a linen bag, and so kept close two months, and afterward drunk of them that have either the yellow jaundice, pains in the reins, loathsomeness of the Stomach, stopping of terms, swelling after meat, continuance of Uomites, cold passions of the heart. etc. this virtue hath Wormwood Wine sayeth Dioscorides, libro qum. Cap. 40. Furthermore gather a. l i of Wormwood leaves, and stamp them in a Mortar of stone, and then put unto the same. l i iiij. of the best white Sugar, and so beat them together until they be come to one substance, keep this in a close Pot or Glass. And this is the virtue thereof, saith that well learned Man Matthiolus, 
A goodly medicen for hydropsy.  it helpeth the Dropsy, if the Patient eat every day of this half an ounce three hours before meat, and with this I have known many helped, saith he, and as for the virtue of the syrup of wormwood, it shall come in his place accordingly.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Anisseede?  Hilarius. 
IT is much like unto Fenell seed, and is called Roman Fenell, 
Galen de sim. Openeth the reins.  it is warm and sweet, and hot in the second, and dry in the third degree: the new Seeds be best, it engendereth vital Seed, if openeth the stopping of the reins and Matrix, being drunk with Ptisanes or clean temperate Wine: this herb or seed is comfortable in sweet compounded medicines or in powder for shortness of breath, & soreness of the lungs: and also is good to be sodden in Ptisanes, made of Barley, to be drunk in the Fever Quotidiane bred of Phlegm: it engendereth Milk in the breasts drunk with sweet Wine or Milk: it provoketh urine, maketh sweet breath, and is good against the Colic or wind of the great Guts, being drunk with good white Wine and Sugar, and also stoppeth the whites which runneth oftentimes from the bodies of Women: the powder thereof, 
Tamarix.  with the powders of Fenell, Gallingale, Spicknarde, Tamarix, Nutmegs, and Grains of Paradise, called Cardamomum, tempered with Wheat flower, 
A good remedy for the running of the reins.  water and read Wine, and so baked in manchets or cakes, is most wholesome to be eaten of them which have the running of the Rains, wasting of Nature, moist Dropsyes, or of them in whom the humour of phlegm doth greatly abound, through humidity, wind, or cold, and this was proved to help a Lady which was sick of a Timpany, and was sir Thomas the Baron Hiltons' wife, within the Byshopprike of Duresme, which used this Bread during one half year, and also once a month was purged with wholesome Electuaries accordingly, and blood letting: and thus I conclude of Amsseede the best whereof cometh from Egypt.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of a Mouse ear, which is like the ear of Mouse, and full of hair, in form much like the ear of a Mouse?  Hilarius. 
AN herb commonly known, cold and moist in the first degree as Galen saith, a decoction of this herb sodden in water with sugar, 
Falling sickness.  is good against the Falling sickness, being oftentimes drunk and a leaf thereof put into the Nose, it will provoke sternutation or sneezing, 
Sneezing,  which wonderfully doth cleanse the veins: and sodden in white Wine, Ptisane or Borage water, with Sugar candy, this is good against pains in the Throat, 
Mouse ear helpeth the Throat.  called Angina, and Dioscorides writeth but little of this herb. And Galen saith, in the vij lib. of Simples, that it is dry in the second degree: and it groweth in May upon Hills, Meadows, and Waysides, saith Matthiolus upon Dioscorides. Furthermore if it be stamped with Madder, and the great Plantein roots, & an herb called Sheperdes' purse, and so sodden in read Wine and strained out, and so put into a little drink warm, this is also good against the bloody Flux, or a broken Uayne within the Body of one, 
Against the bloody flux.  which hath fallen into some deep place, and this was proved by a young man dwelling in Newcastel, which fell into a deep Coal pit, whose outward wounds were healed by an ancient practitioner called Michael a Frenchman, who also is cunning to help his own country disease, 
Michael the Chirurgeon of Newcastle  that now is to commonly known here in England (the more to be lamented) but yet daily increased, whereof I intend to speak of in the place of the Pox.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Garlic?  Hilarius. 
Garlic is very hot and dry in the fourth degree, 
Garlic.  it troubleth the Stomach of Cholorike men, it is hurtful to the Eyes, and Head, it increaseth dryness, 

Provoketh urine.  
Biting of a Snake.  
hemorrhoids.   but it will provoke urine, and is good to be laid upon the biting of a Snake, or Adder, it is good for the Emeroydes, applied to the sore place being first stamped: if it be sodden, the stink thereof is taken from it, 
Coughs.  but the virtue remaineth to be eaten against coughs and pain in the Lungs, it cutteth, and consumeth corrupt phlegm, and bringeth sleep, it is not good for hot Men, and Women with Children, 
Corrupt phlegm.  or Nurses giving Milk to Children: but Galen calleth it the common People's Treacle. If sanguine Men eat much of it, it will make them to have red Faces, but is a special remedy against Poison, 
Against poison.  and a hot Plaster applied to the biting of a mad Dog, made of Garlic, helpeth it: if it be drunk it killeth Worms in the Belly. 
For Tothach  And Garlic stamped with mastic, and put into the mouth, doth assuage the Dolour of the Teeth. Garlic dried or burnt into Powder, 
To increase hair.  and tempered with honey and bears Grease, is good to anoint a baulde head to recover hair: and all this and more reporteth Dioscorides, which excelled in herbs. Plinius reporteth, if it be stamped and made in a Gargarism, it healeth the Angina, it helpeth the Throat, with Oil of Quinces and so warm applied to the Belly it is good against the Colic, and the bloody Flux. New Ale, and Garlic, killeth Worms to be drunk: 
A medicine for the fistulo.  it is good to be eaten against the Falling evil. And Garlic healeth Fistulaes' tempered with Pitch, Brimstone and Rosen, made hot in a Tent. These with such like virtues do Plinius, Aetius, Galen. etc. report: but it is a gross kind of Medicine, very unpleasant for fair Ladies, and tender lily Rose coloured Damsels, which often times prefer sweet breaths before gentle Words: but both would do very well.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Honey, the Fruits of Bees labour, and their summers travel?  Hilarius. 
AVERHOIS saith, 
Auerhois. 5 Simeon Sethi.  Honey is hot and dry in the second degree, and doth cleanse very much, and is a medicinable meat, most chief for old Men, and Women, 
Ill for choleric persons.  for it doth warm them and converteth in them to good blood. It is not good for Choleric persons, because of the heat and dryness: they do greatly err that say honey is hot, and moist, but if it be clarified from his Wax, and dross, and kept in a close vessel, there is nothing liquid upon the earth that remaineth longer. And this precious jewel honey hath been ever more praised, for it will conserve and keep any fruit, 
honey is an heavenly dew.  herb or root, or any other thing that is put into it, an exceeding long tyme. Plinius writeth of a Monster which was long kept in Honey in Claudius' days. marvelous is the work of God, honey being an heavenly dew that falleth upon flowers and leaves as Avicen saith, 
Avicen. Can. 2. cap. 504.  and is neither juice of leaves nor fruits, but only the heavenly dew, whereunto the Bees in Summer in due time do resort and gather the said Honey, 
Bees be an example unto us, both for love and working in the common wealth.  and lay it up in store, in their curious houses builded, whereas they devil together in most goodly order. O Bees, Bees, how much happier are you than many wretched men, which devil never together in unity and peace, but in continual discord, and vnqui●tnes, as Virgil saith: En quo discordia cives perduxit miseros? 
Virgil.  Behold whither discord hath brought wretched citizens. But now to speak of the most excellent virtues of Honey, 
New honey.  it is good in the meats of them that be phlegmatic. honey newly taken out of the Combs is partly laxative, & clarified Honey doth bind, & dry up phlegm, 
Clarified Honey doth bind  and keep the bodies of phlegmatic and old persons from corruption. The best Honey is gathered in the Spring time, the second in Summer, but that which is gathered in Winter is ill, and hurtful. One part of Honey, and some part of water sodden together until the Froth be all scummed of, 
An healthful drink for Summer.  and when it is cold, kept in a close stone Pot, this drink (saith Galen) is wholesome for Summer, it cleanseth the Lungs, and preserveth the body in health. oxymel simplex, and Compos●tum, be made with honey, 
Pandect. cap. 347.  and so be many more things, which be of great virtue. Also the author of the Pandect, saith that honey poured into a new wound that eftsoons it cleanseth and maketh it whole. honey mingled with a little Salt, and poured warm into the ear, killeth Worms that breed there: The same also killeth Lice, if children's heads be anointed therewith. Rub young children's Gums with clean Honey every day and it will easily 'cause their Teeth to grow. honey mingled with Oil of Roses, and so drunk incontinently, will 'cause one to vomit when he hath eaten any venomous thing, as rotten Moushromes, called Fungi. etc. Also Gargarisms and Suppositories be made of Honey, the one doth cleanse the Throat, and the other doth relax the Belly. 

Serpigo. Cost.  
To cure Serpigo.   There is an infection in the skin, through the corruption of the liver, which is called Serpigo, oftentimes in the Palm of the hand, chief in the right hand, specially in choleric persons▪ which is helped with Honey mingled with cost, and anointed warm every day twice. 
To cleanse the Face.  Also the distilled Water of honey hath virtue to make clean the skin of them whose Faces be unclean: but most chief if it be stilled with strong Vinegar, Milk, and the Urine of a Boy, and so with a Sponge wash the Face to bedward, and let it dry in of itself. The goodly Ointment called unguentum Aegiptiacum, which cleanseth all corrupt humours, and wounds being rotten within, the chief thing in this Ointment is Honey: it is marvelous that they which use to eat Honey daily, & daily anoint their stomachs with Oil of Wormwood, should either die suddenly, or live painfully, or be evil coloured in their Faces. The people of Wales do use to drink Mede, 
Welchmens drink.  and Metheglyne, and under Heaven there is no fairer people of complexion, nor cleaner of nature, 
To increase Hair.  Anoint the head being new shaven with bears grease and Honey mingled together, and it preserveth the hair from falling. Honey of Roses is a goodly Medicine, outwardly in wounds, and inwardly cleanseth phlegm, mundifieth the Stomach, and openeth the mouth of the veins, and also is good to put in the Eyes to cleanse them.  Marcellus. 
I Did never here any thing so greatly commended as thou hast commended Honey: if it be true that thou hast spoken, there be but few things may be compared to it, for the excellent virtue of it.  Hilarius. 
BE not in doubt of the truth thereof, for the best Authors have taught me, 
Exodus.  and daily experience moveth me, thus much to report of Honey: I aught to think no shame thereof. In asmutch as the God of Heaven, & Earth, maker of all Creatures, did give his people of Israel no greater blessing than a land which did flow with Milk, and honey. And often times amongst the Blessings of GOD, sweet honey. is rehearsed. The Prophet David in the Psalms, doth often name honey, 
Psalms.  and the Honey Combe, making a comparison between it and the word of God. In some of the holy Sacrifices, honey was brought in for an Offering, before the Lord GOD into his holy Temple, 
judic. 14.  the strong Nazareth of GOD judge of Israel. That mighty Prince Samson, loved well Honey, as appeareth after he had slain the Lion, he did eat the Honey which he found in his Carcase, so did his Father, and his Mother eat of the same honey. It was as a divine Omen of the Wisdom and learning that afterward came unto Plato, when in his cradle, Bees brought Honey unto his Mouth. Who was greater among men then S. John Baptist? What was his most food? it was wild honey. How many pleasant verses hath Virgil written upon Bees and honey? 
Plini. lib. 11. Cap. 9  who ever did excel Plinius secundus, in the nature of Creatures, and as it plainly appearteh in his xj book, he declareth of a worthy man called Aristomachus, who so wonderfully loved Bees: and in the same book, saith he, 
Xenophon, in his book of Household.  the Bees have many Kings with small Coronets on their heads: about whom the great agmen or swarm doth cluster and fleeth into the fields, and cometh home in order, bringing their treasure with them: the elder Bees do build within the Hives, 
The property of a good housewife.  having therein a Mistress or Queen to set them to work, which never goeth from home, but placeth every thing in order: the younger do bring their Stuff to the Hive: none of them be idle, every one of them hath a house to devil in uj cornered in fashion: they will suffer no filthiness to be amongst them, nor strangers to dwell within their City or commonwealth. They also punish them with stynginge, that hurt their Princes, 
Bees maintain no strangers, for they be not profitable.  and they have fore knowledge of weather when it is fair & foul. Also they have senses of smelling, for if any of them be lost in the field, they follow their fellows by the sweet air, they be scant perfect of hearing▪ but yet as appeareth they hear, when they muster at the sounds of Basins: their greatest delight is in Time, and Balm, and therefore about Athens is the best Honey in the World, as Plini saith, and in the Island called Calydna, 
Plin lib. xj Cap. xii.  and also in Meleta: would God, saith he, that we had the Honey in the same nature that it falleth from the heavens. Yea rather would to God that Idle people would take Bees for an example to labour, and Subjects to obey▪ etc. What shall I speak more of the properties of Bees, and of their good natures, providence and cunning? nothing else Marcellus, but these simple Verses following. 
A Noble Prince there is, whose wealth and work excel,  
Moore than all other earthly wights, that in the world do devil.  

The king of Bees and his Army.  Saturnus black and cold, hath taught him for to fly,  
The hoary Frosts and Snows so white▪ and darkness of the Sky  
Sagittarius, and Pysces, Lord jupiter called by name,  
Doth cunning give unto this Prince, how he his house should frane.  
The read and flaming bloody Mars, the Lord of war and strife,  
Doth teach this king his host to train, with sharp darts all their life.  
O happy Sol with golden beams, whose glory doth excel,  
Thou art the candle of this World, and darkness dost expel.  
Thou makest glad this little King, in fieldd when he doth ride,  
No Horse he hath, but wings to fly, thou only art his guide,  
When he doth sound his warlike tune, in Hive where he doth devil,  
His Soldiers muster all on heaps, the Stars they do excel  
In numbered infinite most fair, clear Air doth them infuse,  
Dame Flora sweet doth them rejoice, but Boreas them misuse.  
With grisly storms and Hail so hard, he breaks their tender bones,  
No helmets have, nor shields they bear, to keep them from hard stones.  
When Storms be past and Venus come, the banisher of cold showers,  
With pretty Horns, and tender wings, they play among the flowers.  
The Bean flowers make them glad, the Lily makes them gay,  
Their chief delight is Time, and Balm, most glad they are of May.  
For Mercury doth give them mirth, when Twins he doth embrace,  
From rising Sun to Titan's fall, labour is all their grace.  
In flowered Fields and Motley meads, where white doth grow in green,  
The heavenly dews, that nightly fall, is gathered up of been.  
jove doth rain from virgiliae this precious heavenly gift,  
Whom Bees do know, and bear to Hive, with Wings forth flying swift.  
And then they make this goodly meat, Manna fallen from Heaven.  
The signa twelve with Bees do work, so do the Planets seven.   Marcellus. 
Now have you well declared what Honey is: is there also any virtue in the Combs, or Wax?  Hilarius. 
GALEN saith, in the uj book of Simples, Wax is good for Plasters, not only in drying, but also in that per accidens, it moisteth, and is used for outward Medicines, but not for inward and Dioscorides reporteth that Wax doth mollify and warm the body, 
Dioscorides libr. secundo▪ Cap. lxxvij.  and ten grains weight drunken with the syrup of Plantein is good for the bloody flux: it also drieth the Milk in women's breasts: and to conclude, there be but few emplasters that can be without the help of Wax. It hath also been abused in Churches, Chaples, and Temples, offered by the ignorant, before the blind.  Marcellus. 
I do know Sage by name, because it doth grow in my Garden and is used in my Kitchen, but christ doth know, the virtue thereof is hidden from me.  Hilarius. 
This noble herb is called Elclisphacon, Saluia, or Sage, 
Sage.  and as it should appear by Theophrastus there be two kinds of Sage, the one of the Garden, which is rough, 
Lib. vj. Cap. ij. de Plan. Libr. iij. Dioscorides  long and broad leaved, which saith Matthiolus, I suppose to be the Female herb: the other Sage which is shorter, and narrower, with two small ears in the beginning of the leaves, which the said Theophrastus calleth Sphacelo, 
Lib. 6. Simp.  whom Matthiolus clepeth the Male herb, and of this groweth great plenty in Italy in the tops of Mountains, in the noble Countries both of Apulia, and Calabria: so doth there almost in every Garden in England. This herb is hot & dry, saith Aetius, so saith Galen, and some notable Practitioners do say, that perfume of Sage doth stop the immoderate Flux menstrual. Agrippa did call this the hoary herb, because it was so good to Women, not only in expulsing evil matter from the Matrix, but also in retaining the vital seed of Generation, whereby Conceptione is made perfect. 
The juice of Sage helpeth Conception.  If a Woman drink the juice thereof with a little Salt, and Sugar sodden together, four days before, and after the use with her husband, giving the man the like quantity, before the time of procreation, without doubt Conception followeth. is said, sometime there was so great a pestilence in a City of Egypt, that through the Poison thereof few were left a live: but when the Plague was ceased, the young Women were compelled to drink the Wine, or juice of Sage, through whose virtue they were conceived with Children, having the help of Man: that in the end, the City was replenished again, and filled with People of their own Generation. Sage, saith Orpheus. ʒ.iiij. mingled with clean clarified Honey, and eaten of an empty Stomach, 
To stop blood running at the mouth.  doth incontinently stop the blood that cometh from the Breast, Stomach, or Lungs, breaking out of the Mouth with cruent Uomites. There is a sickness within the Body, called Tabes, which is a great corruption of humours, through foul Matter, and Blood mingled together, whose beginning comes from the Head through a continual Rheum, and doth Apostumate, and wound the Lungs: through whose putrefaction by little, and little, all the Members of the body consume, through dryness, leanness, and a continual cough, with pains in the Breast, 
An excellent Pill against Apostumation of the Lungs, Rheum, or consumption, which helped Bullem the Author of this Book.  and shortness of the Wind: the remedy there of sometime hath been with Sage in this manner. Take Spicknard, Ginger, of each. ʒ. ij. seed of Sage. ʒ. viii. dried, beaten fine in Powder, with the foresaid spices, and ʒ. xii. of long Pepper in like manner, and ʒ. j. of old Aster, and the juice of Sage, and so make your Pill in a clean Mortar, and take every Morning fasting. ʒ. j. of this, & as much at night drinking after it pure clean Sage water: and this is the best Pill that ever I did know, and helped me in a great sickness in Suffolk, where sometime I dwelled. This herb also provoketh urine, cleanseth phlegm, expulseth wind, drieth up the Dropsy, helpeth the Palsy, strengtheneth the Sinews, 
To kill Canker and quench Robin goodfellows Fever.  and purgeth blood: If it be sodden in running water, Roch Alum, and woodbind leaves, it killeth the Canker in the Mouth, and also quencheth the great heat and burning, stink, filth, and matter that oftentimes cometh through corruption of nature, or meretrix manner, and doth chance into the Secret places of Men or Women, which is helped this way, putting in a little of the Powder of Aristolochia rotunda: forasmutch as it drieth, it is put into pigs, which be most moist of nature to dry up their humidity or moisture withal, which else be evil for Phlegmatic persons. 
Avicen. 3. trac. cap, 1.  The incomparable virtue of this herb is excellent, that the great learned Fathers of Salem, did write these words to the late famous Prince King Henry the eight, in the laud thereof saying. Curmoritur homo, cui saluia crescit in horto? inquiring why mortal Men should dye, which have Sage in their Gardens? But because no herb hath power to make Men immortal, they say furthermore, Contra vim mortis, non est medicamen in hortis. And thus I do conclude of this virtuous herb Sage. Whose Wine being daily drunk, is good against the falling sickness. And the common Sage Ale, rightly brewed with Sage, Squinance, Spicknarde, Calamus, Fenell seeds, and Betony, is very wholesome for the Phlegmatic, Dropsy, wind Colic, and rawness of the stomach with indigestion.  Marcellus. 
What be the virtues of Onions in their kinds?  Hilarius. 
THey do make thine the Blood, and bring sleep, they be not good for Choleric men. 
Onions provoketh sleep. Long Onions.  The long Onion is more vehement than the round, and the Red more than the white, the Grey more than the Green, and the raw more than the sodden, or preserved in Salt, although they 'cause sleep very painful and troublous, 

Green sickness.  
To cleanse the Stomach.   & be hot in the third degree, but they warm and cleanse the Stomach, bring good Colour to the Face, and then they must be good for the neewe Green sickness, and do very well provoke urine, and being roasted, and warm applied to the Painful hard Emeroydes, eftsoons do open them (if vinegar warm be put to them) and being clean peeled or taken from the over rind and Skin, and cut of both the ends, 
Onions do heal the Emeroydes.  and cast into water, remaining in it one hour, and slicesed: these do take away the vehement sharpness, that else would hurt the Eyes, and Head, 
For biting of a Dog.  and being applied with Honey, Rue, and Salt, all incorporated together to the wound bitten of a Dog, do heal it soon. Leeks purge the blood in March, and pain the head, and be not greatly praised, for their juice is evil, 
Leeks.  saith Dioscorides. The head being anointed with the juice of them, keepeth hair from falling, 
Hair from falling.  there is much variety of this Onion among Writers, saith Plinius, but this shall suffice, for us Englishmen. There be great plenty of good Onions that be brought from Flaunders, 
Where plenty of Onions do grow.  called saint Homars Onions. So there be very many growing in Holland in Lyncolneshyre, and in the Town of Duresme in the North country.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Fenell?  Hilarius. 
IT hath power to warm in the third degree, and dry in the first, and maketh sweet the Breath: 

Foeniculum. Sweet breaths.  
For the Eyesight.   the Seed eaten oftentimes upon an empty Stomach, doth help the Eyesyght. The Roots clean washed be very wholesome in Pottage, and good in Ptisants. The green or read tufts, growing upon the Stalks, sodden in Wine, Pottage, or Ale, 

To break 〈◊〉 Stone.  
Increaseth Milk.  
To wash Feet.   help the Bladder, Raynes, and break the stone, increaseth Milk in women's Breasts, and Seed of Generation. It is good to use endive, or such like with it, because it is very hot, and it is very good to wash one's Feet to bedward. It is good in barbers Baths, and washing Water, with Balm, and Bays. The syrup is very good and wholesome, 
An excellent medicine of Fenel, for the reins and Bladder.  it helpeth a Phlegmatic Stomach. And Fenell, Parsely, & Watercresses, of each like quantity stamped together, pouring white Wine to them, and the crumbs of Barley bread, standing all one night in a stone mortar, the next day being strained, Clarified, and drunk, this will cleanse the reins from Gravel, Stone, and Choler, 
For fat folks.  and cause one to make much Water that hath the Strangury. 
Two kinds of Fenell.  It is good for fat Men to open the vessels, as Uaynes, and Guts. There be two kinds of Fenell, one Marathrum, which is best: the other Hippomarathrum which is Wild, the Seed hath greater virtue than the root.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Purslan?  Hilarius. 
Cold in the third, & moist in the second degree. 
Purslan is an herb of a singular virtue to cool, or quench Choler.  If it be stamped with steeped Barley, it maketh a good plaster to cool the Head, Eyes, & liver, in Agues, and hot inflammations. To eat of it, stoppeth fluxes, & quencheth burning Choler, extinguisheth venereous lust, & greatly helpeth the Raynes, and Bladder, and will kill round Worms in the Belly: and comforteth the matrixe, against hot choler, and terms abounding. And the juice is good to drink in hot Fevers: it may be preserved with Salt, and then it is very good with roasted meats. Plini saith, it is supposed to make the sight blunt and weak: 
An example of Purslan.  Further he saith that in Spain, a great noble man, whom he did know, did hung this Purslane root on a Thread, commonly about his neck, which was troubled of a Vuula, and was healed therewith.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Dragons?  Hilarius. 
THe juice of Dragons, saith Dioscorides, dropped into the eyes, doth cleanse them, 
Of Dragons which help against the Pestilence.  & causeth much brightness unto the eyes of them, which have dark sights. The Water of this herb, hath virtue against the pestilence, if it be drunk blood warm with Venice treacle, or Mithridatum. The savour of this herb is hurtful to women newly conceived with Child. Plini saith, that who so beareth this herb upon them, no venomous Serpent will do them any harm. This herb is hot & dry, and being sodden in Wine, it healeth a kibed heel, called Pernio. And this herb being bruised, and applied with Plantein, healeth a new wound.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Filipendula?  Hilarius. 

Filipendula hath round roots hanging upon small fine threads in the earth.  IT is called Filipendula, because it hath small round roots, hanging upon it with threads in the ground, it is an herb hot & dry, in the third degree: if it be sodden in white wine, & drunk, it drieth up windy places in the guts, and cleanseth the rains of the back and bladder. And the powder drunk in Wine, is good against the falling evil, and helpeth the yellow jaundice: the leaves and stalks sodden in Wine and drunk, cleanse the seconds.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Violettes?  Hilarius. 
SIMEON SETHI reporteth, that they do help against hot inflammations of the Guts, 
Violets be great coolers and to cold for the heart.  head, and stomach, if the cause be of burning Choler: either the Water, syrup, or Conserve of the said Violets, being eaten or drunk, after the digestion of any hot passion: but undoubtedly it offendeth the heart, because of the great coldness. The savour of the Flowers be pleasant. The Oil that is made of this herb, hath virtue to reconcile quiet sleep to them, which have grievous hot pain in the head, 
Good for Coughs and shortwinde.  Violet water, and clean Salad Oil, of each one ounce together drunk, cleanseth rotten matter in the Stomach, and Coughs, or pain in the Lungs.  Marcellus 
What is the virtue of white Lilies, and water Lilies called Nimphea.  Hilarius. 
DIoscorides saith, that the Oil of Lilies doth mollify the Sinews, and the mouth of the matrix: the juice of Lilies, Vinegar, and Honey, sodden in a Brazen vessel, doth make an ointment, to heal both new and old wounds: if the Roots be roasted, and stamped with Roses, they make an healing plaster against burning of fire: the same root Roasted, hath virtue to break a pestilence sore, applied hot unto the sore place, and is dry in the first degree. The oil of Water Lilies, is moist, sovereign against all hot diseases to anoint the ardent and hot places, and doth reconcile quiet sleep, if the forehead be anointed therewith it is wholesome for mad men. The seed and root sodden in wine, stoppeth the immoderate flux menstrual, and the bloody Flix, as Dioscorides and Galen say Libro viii Simplicium Medicamento●um.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Chickweede?  Hilarius. 
ALmost every ignorant woman doth know this herb, but there be of divers kinds of it, 
Anagallis o● morsus Gallinae, called Chickweede.  they be very good to keep wounds from apostumations, stamped, and applied unto them, and draw corruption out of wounds: and sodden with Vinegar, do draw phlegm out of the head if Chickweede be often warm, put into the mouth, & spit out again, in the same manner it helpeth the teeth, and sodden in wine, and so drunk, it will cleanse the reins of the back.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of sorrel, which in the North is called Sour docks.  Hilarius. 
Every one doth right well know it, and all they that make green-sauce, but the description, I leave to Dioscorides, 
Rumex, ●apathus, or acedu is sorrel, an Sorrel de bois.  and Leonardus Fuchsius, not only in this herb, but in all other, and to tell the virtue I will: it is cold and dry, in the second degree, it also stoppeth: it is like Endive in property, because it overcometh Choler, and is much commended. It helpeth the yellow jaundice, if it be drunk with small wine or ale, and also quencheth burning fevers: to eat of the leaves every Morning in a Pestilence time, is most wholesome, if they be eaten fasting. This herb doth Dioscorides, Galen and Avicen greatly commend, besides the great learned men of this time.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Planten or Waybrede?  Hilarius. 
THe greater Planten is the better, it hath seven great veins, it is cold and dry: 
Plantago called arnoglosia.  the seeds drunk with read wine, or the roots sodden therein, stop the bloody flux, likewise the roots and leaves being sodden with fair water, or with Borage water and Sugar, and given to him that hath an Ague, either Tertian or quarten, two hours before his fit, helpeth him. Prove this, for thus have I helped many, it is very comfortable for children that have great fluxes and Agues, and is a friend unto the Liver. This herb is greatly praised of the learned writers. Water Planten roots, leaves and buds be wholesome to be drunk against the falling sickness.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Camomile?  Hilarius. 
THis herb is very hot, it is drunk against cold winds, and matter being in the guts, the Egyptians did suppose it would help all cold Agues, and did consecrated the same as Galen saith: also if it be tempered and strained into white wine, and drunk of women having the child dead within their bodies, it will 'cause present deliverance: it doth mightily cleanse the bladder, and is excellent to be sodden in water to to wash the feet, the Oil is precious, as is declared hereafter.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Hops?  Hilarius. 
THere be Hops which do cool, that be called Lupuli: those that we have be hot and dry, 
Lupulus Salictarius, be ●oppes  bitter, sour, hot, saith old herbals, and Fuchsius saith, they cleanse phlegm, and Choler, and the Water between the skin and Flesh. The syrup will cleanse gross raw phlegm from the guts, and is good against obstructions. If the juice be dropped in the Ear, it taketh away the stink of Rotten Sores, the roots will help the Liver, and Spleen, being sodden and drunk, the Beer is very good for Phlegmatic men.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Horehound?  Hilarius. 
IT is an herb hot and dry, if it be sodden with fair water, Sugar or Honey, and strained, this drink doth cleanse the stomach from stinking phlegm. It is an excellent herb for women to cleanse their Monthly terms. 
stinking phlegm.  The water of this, is good to help them which have a moist Rheum falling from the head upon the Lungs, being often drunk, 
To help a moist rheum.  but it is hurtful to the bladder & reins, the syrup thereof doth cleanse the kings evil. And also put into the ears it doth greatly comfort the hearing, if the ears be troubled with deafness: stamped with honey and applied to the eyes, it cleanseth the sight. 
kings evil.  
To help the sight.   Marcellus 
What is the virtue of Ueruen. 
Ueruen.   Hilarius. 
IT is called the Holy herb, it drieth and bindeth: if it be sodden with Vinegar, it helpeth a disease called. S. Anthony's fire, 
Wild fire  oftentimes washing the pained place. The leaves of Ueruen, and Roses, 
To keep wo●●des from corruption.  and fresh swines grease stamped together, will cease pain and grief in every wound, and will keep wounds from corrupting. It is good for peopel that have the Tercian, and Quarten Agues, thus saith Dioscorides. 
Against Agues.  Moreover he saith the weight of a ʒ, of this herb with three halfpenny wayghtes of Olibanum, put into ℥ ix of old wine tempered together, and drunk forty days in this quantity fasting, it will help the disease called the kings evil, 
To help the kings evil.  or pain in the throat.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Rice? 
Rice.   Hilarius. 
There be many opinions concerning Rice, 
avicen, in ij. can. Cap▪ 78.  but I shall stay myself with the judgements of Avicen. Rice saith he, is hot and dry, & hath virtue to stop the Belly, it doth nourish much, ●it be sodden with Milk, qut it aught to be stepped in water an whole night before. If blanched Almonds be stamped with Rose water, and strained into them, and sodden with cows milk, it is very much nourishing: the Flower or Meal of Arza or Rise, stoppeth the bloody flix, in drink or Clyster.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Pease and beans▪ 
beans.   Hilarius. 
Beans be more grosser and fuller of wind, than Pease be, and make evil matter, except they be well sodden and buttered, and so eaten with the whitest Onions that may be gotten, because they be hard of digestion: how be it they do make fat, and partly cleanse, 
To make fat.  yet they are not compared with tender white Peason, well sodden and buttered, or else made in pottage with garden Mints, and gross Pepper which have virtue to cleanse the reins of the Back and bladder, There is a place in Suffolk called Orfort, where Pease grow on the stones, never sown. Lintelles' be of the same virtue. Barley being clean hulled, and sodden with milk, clean water and Sugar, maketh a very wholesome and comfortable pottage, for whole Choleric persons, or young people, and this is much used in the North parts of England and is called Big Keale, and of clean Barley and pure water, 
Ptisant.  is made that excellent water. called Ptisant.  Marcellus. 

beats.  What is the virtue of Beets.  Hilarius. 

white beets  THere be of two kinds, and both be praise worthy. Simeon Sethi writeth, that they be hot and dry in the third degree, the white be the best, 
Purging the head.  they have virtue to cleanse, as Niter hath but are of evil juice: the juice of this herb with Honey, applied into the Nose, do purge the head, so doth the leaf, it is an wholesome herb in pottage, if it be well sodden, or else noisome to the stomach, if it be parboiled and eaten with Vinegar, it is good against the stopping of the liver, 
stopping of the Liver.  not withstanding the juice of this herb doth stop the belly being simply taken. It is called beet of Beta, or Ueta the Greek. B. because of the form or shape.  Marcellus. 

Betony.  What is the virtue of Betony?  Hilarius. 
THey be of divers kinds Leonardus Fuchsius, doth call the sweet Giloflowers by the names of Betonye, but he seemeth to talk of that which is commonly known of the people, 
To kill worms,  called the land Betony, which hath virtue to kill worms within the belly, & helpeth the Quarten, cleanseth the Matrix, 
For bruises.  and hath virtue to heal the Body within if it be bruised: it is of so great effect, if it be sodden with Wormwood in white wine, as to purge phlegm, it is hot in the first degree, and dry in the second.  Marcellus. 

savoury.  What is the virtue of savoury?  Hilarius. 
IT is hot and dry in the third degree, if the green Herb be sodden in water or white wine, 
Liver soft. Cold coughs. Dead children.  and drunk, these be his virtues: to make the Liver so it, to cleanse Dropsies, cold Coughs, to cleanse women's diseases, and to separate the dead child from the mother, as Dioscorides and Galen say: also Germander is not much unlike in virtue to this herb.  Marcellus. 

Mustard.  What is the virtue of Mustard or Sinapium.  Hilarius. 
PLINIUS doth greatly allow it, saying, that there is nothing doth pierce more swifter into the brain than it doth. Honey Uinegar, 
To Gargarize the head.  and Mustard tempered together, is an excellent Gargarism to purge the head, teeth, and throat. Mustard is good against all the diseases of the stomach, or Lungs, wind, phlegm and rawness of the guts, and conduceth food into the body, 
Falling sickness. Palsy.  provoketh urine, helpeth the Palsy, wasteth the qua●ten, drieth. up moist rheums, applied plasterwise unto the head. Honey and Mustard helpeth the cough, and is good for them that have the Falling sickness: And tents of Uinegar and Mustard put into the nose help the Palsye. Notwithstanding the common use of Mustard, 
Evil for the eyes.  is a cruel enemy unto the eyes: many more virtues have I read of Mustard, but the occasion of time hath unhappily prevented, not only my large description in this, but also in many other Simples.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Senetion or Groundesyll? 
Senetion.   Hilarius. 
IT is of a mixed temperature, it cooleth and partly cleanseth. If it be stamped and sodden in water, and drunk with your Pottage, 
Hot collar in the stomach▪ To help the eyes.  it will purge hot Choler: this done with Saffron and cold water, stamped and put into the eyes, it will dry the running drops of them: and prepared ●laster wise, it helpeth many grievous wounds. Dioscorides sayeth, that the heads of Senetion with the flowers, and a little wine and Manna, 

Dioscorides lib iiij. cap. xcij  
For wounds   tempered together, healeth the wounds, that be in the sinews. The flower of this herb, hath white hair, and when the wind bloweth it away, than it appeareth like a Bald headed Man, therefore it is called Senecio.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Cucummers▪ 
Cucummers?   Hilarius. 
THey be (truly) in the second degree very moist, and cold the Seeds be very good to be given in hot sicknesses. The powder of the same Seeds drunk in clean Wine, are good against divers hot passions of the Heart, 

To provoke urine,  
Uomit.  
Good blood.   This Fruit will 'cause one to make water well. The root dried, and the powder thereof drunk in water and Honey, provoketh vomit. If they be moderately eaten, they bring good blood. Tempered with Honey, 
Epinictides▪  and the Eyes there with anointed they help a disease called Epinictidas, which troubleth men with strange sights in the Night: the best of this fruit is that which beareth the best seed the savour of them is wholesome. Melons, citruls, Pompeions, 
Raw herbs.  & this kind of Pippins, or great Apples, be much used in England, and are more common than profitable, because they use to eat them raw, Englishmen being born in a temperate region, inclining to cold, may not without hurt eat raw herbs, roots, and fruits so plentiful, as many men which be borne far in the South parts of the world, which be most hot of stomach: therefore eat these fruits boiled, or else baked with honey, Pepper, and Fenell seeds, or such like: there be an other hot kind of bitter Cucummers, which do purge called Colocynthis. The Apple being steeped in Ptisant water, during Twelve hours, and so strained, & drunk in the Morning half a pint, doth purge Melancholy, and Choler adust and vitriall phlegm, but it is a very gross purgation, but the Trochiskes of Coloquintida are better to purge with. 
Coloquitide.  But ʒ. i of the Powder of Coloquintida sodden with Mirth and oat water, & Honey to a thickness, maketh a goodly Pill to purge phlegm and choler, it is good in Clysters, 
Dioscorides. lib. iiij. capit. Clxx.  for the same purpose, sodden with vinegar, this kept in the mouth, killeth worms in the teeth. The Oil of this is good to anoint the pains of the Huckel bone called Sciattica, It also killeth worms in the Ears: this is most bitter to the mouth and stomach, it killeth worms in the Belly, 
Matthiolus super dioscoriden.  both in Emplasters and drink. The Arabians call this herb Chandel, but in Latin it is called Cucurbita Syluestris.  Marcellus. 

Cabage.  What is the virtue of Cabage or Brassica?  Hilarius. 
CAbage is of two properties, of binding the Belly, and making laxative, 

Ius Brassicae soluit, cuius substantia stringit.  
To bind laxative  
To cleanse Leprosy.  
Aristote three probls. Avicen ii canrasisiij. Al.   the juice of Cabbages, lightly boiled in fresh Beef broth is laxative, but the substance of this herb is hard of digestion, but if it be sodden twice, the broth of it will bind the Belly, if it be tempered with alum: This herb hath virtue to cleanse a new Read leprosy, laid upon the sore place, in the manner of a Plaster, but to conclude of this herb, the broth of it hath virtue to keep a man from drunkenness, as Aristotle, Rasis, and Avicen do report, eaten before meat or drink. And this is good to make Pottage withal, and is a profitable herb in a common wealth, which the flemings cell dear, but we have it growing in our own Gardens, 
Dioscor. li. 4.  if we would prefer our own commodity, before idleness, and not suffer weeds to grow where herbs should be planted. If Fenegrike and this be sodden plaster wise, it helpeth the Gout, The leaves sodden with Honey, heal ulcers and Cankers, and kill worms in the Belly, there be sundry kinds of wortes, both Garden, Field and Sea, much like to each other in virtue. There be great plenty growing between Albrought and Horthforde in Suffolk upon the Sea shore.  Marcellus. 

Rew called Herb grace.  What is the virtue of Rue, or herb of Grace?  Hilarius. 
I Tell thee this herb▪ is very hot and bitter, and doth burn, because of his hotness in the third degree. If a little of this Rue be stamped, and sodden in wine, and drunk, it is an excellent medicine against Poison and Pestilence. Roses, Vinegar and Rive stamped together, 
Poison pain in the head.  and put into a Forehead cloth or Biggen and applied to the Temples of the head, or Forehead, do cease grievous pain in the head. And in like manner it helpeth the biting of Serpents, and of Dogs, stamped with vinegar, many nice people cannot abide it, crying fie it stinks. The seed of this herb beaten in powder & put in fresh clarified Butter, 
Against biting of Dogs and serpents.  and Pitch melted together, is good for them to drink that are bruised The seed of this Rue being dried and beaten into powder, with the powders of sweet Calamus and long Pepper sodden in white Wine, drunk warm helpeth the wind in the small Guts. 
Buleins experience many times.   Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Lettuce 
Lettuce.   Hilarius. 
IT doth mightily increase Milk in women's breasts, 
To increase Milk  & therefore it is called Lettuce, as martial saith, first shall be given to the virtue and power, to increase milk in women's breasts every hour. 
Comfort against hot cholic● in the stomach.  Lettuce is an herb cold and moist and very comfortable for a hot stomach, bringeth sleep, mollifyeth the belly, the drier it be eaten the better it is. I mean, if it be not much washed in water, adding clean Salet Oil, Sugar and vinegar to it, it abateth carnal lust: and much use of it dulleth the sight. 

Ill foresight. To abate the Lust.  
An increase of seed.  
Broke bones Cough.  
Dioscor. lib▪ ij▪ Cap. cxxxliij.   The seed is precious against hot diseases, drunk with Ptisantes. There is an herb called Rocket gentle, that partly smelleth like a Fox, which is very hot, an increaser of seed, this herb must always be eaten with Lettuce. The root thereof sodden in water will draw forth broken bones, and will help the cough in young children, the seed doth vehemently expel urine, drunk in white wine, and killeth worms: and tempered with an Ox gaul, doth cleanse black spots in the face or skin after stripes.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Mints? 
Mints   Hilarius. 
Mints be of two kinds, garden and wild Mints, 

stopping of vomits.  
Repletion.  
To kill worms.  
Biting of a Dog.  
To help the Colic.   they be hot unto the third degree, and dry in the second degree Garden Mints be best: the powder of this with the juice of pomegranates, stoppeth vomits, helpeth sighing, cleanseth hot choler. Three branches of this sodden with wine doth help repleation, being drunk fasting. This juice tempered with good Triakle, & eaten of children in mornings, will kill worms, and stamped with salt, and applied to the biting of a Dog, will heal it. It is wholesome sodden with windy meats & Peason etc. and sodden in posset ale with Fenel, it increaseth vital seed. It is not best for choleric complexions but good for phlegmatic and indifferent for Melancholic, and it will stop blood, stamped and applied to the place: the juice of Mints be best to mingle in a medicine against poison: 
To make sweet brea●h.  the powder of Mints are good in pottage to help digestion, and to make sweet breath.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Dandelion, or lions teeth▪ 
Dandelion.   Hilarius. 
IT is temperate, cold, and dry: 
The head. Sowthistell ●o loa●e the· belly.  with Roses and Vinegar tempered together, it helpeth the head in hot diseases, the sowthistle called Sonchos hath the same virtue & so hath Cicory: if they be sodden, the lose the belly & quencheth heat which burneth in the stomach, 

Yellow choler  
Burning Agues.   and defendeth the head from hot smoking vapours, and purgeth yellow choler, and rebateth venerous & fleshly heat, & is good to be sodden & drunk in hot burning Agues: though this herb be commonly known and counted of many as a vile weed, yet it is reported of Dioscorides to be an excellent herb, & is called Lions teeth.  Marcellus. 

Hyssop.  What is the virtue of Hyssop?  Hilarius. 
AN herb commonly known, growing in gardens, and hot in the third degrre: it hath virtue to make humours thin and warm: 
Dioscor lib. 3.  sodden with Figs, rue, and Honey, in clean water, and drunk, greatly helpeth the sickness in the lungs old Coughs, 

Sickness in the Lungs. Old coughs, Rotten humours.  
To help the Spleen.   rotten humours, drippinges upon the lungs, sodden with Eris, and Grains of Paradise called Cardamomum, it mightily purgeth and bringeth good colour. Figs, Salt Nitrum, and Hyssop stamped together, and applied to the Spleen, help it much, and take awoy the water that runneth between the skin and the Flesh: sodden with oxymel it cleanseth phlegm. How be it, Galen writeth but little of this herb in his eight book of Simples, 
phlegm.  but saith that it is dry and hot in the third degree. But this herb was used in the old Testament, in the old time of the bloody Sacrifice. And the holy prophet in his. li. Psalm, sayeth unto almighty God? Sprinkle me o Lord with Hyssop etc. God grant us all to have such blessed plants of that Hyssop in our gardens, which have virtue to heal all sicknesses of the Soul, defiled with sin.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Wine?  Hilarius. 
HIPPOCRATES saith, of a customable thing cometh lesser hurt than of things not used, 
Hippolito in ij. lib. Apha●i.  whereof I gather that they which drink wine moderately with measure, it doth profit them much, and maketh good digestion, but those people that use to drink wine seldom times, be distempered. 
Digestion.  White wine if it be clear, is wholesome to be drunk before meat, 
White wine. Auerhois in .6. colig. Rasis in li. 26. con. ca 1.  for it preserveth the body and pierceth quickly to the bladder, but if it be drunk upon a full stomach, it will rather make oppilation, or stopping of the Meseraikes, because it doth swiftly drive food down, before nature hath of himself digested it: and the nature of white wine is of less warmness. 

Claret wine warmeth the Body.  
Galen lib. de tue. sani ca 9 Wine is an enemy to children.  
Read wine corrupteth blood   The second wine is pure Claret, of a clear jacint or yellow colour: this wine doth greatly nourish and warm the body, and it is an wholesome wine with meat, and is good for Phlegmatic folk, but very unwholesome for young children: for Galen saith Vinum pueris inimicum, because it heateth above nature, and hurteth the head. Nor for them which have hot livers, or pains in the head, occasioned of hot vapours, or smokes▪ for it is like unto fire, and flax. The third is black or deep, Read wine which is thick a stopper of the belly, a corrupter of the blood, a breeder of the stone, hurtful to old men, 

Avicen in 3. prim. 2. doc. cap 8.  
To know good wine.   and profitable to few Men, except they have the bloody flux. And for the Election of wine Avicen saith, that Wine is best, which is between new and old, clear, declining somewhat to Red or Amber, of good odour, neither sharp nor sweet, but equal between both, for it hath virtue not only to make humours temperate, warm and moist, but also to expel evil matter, which corrupteth the stomach and blood: In Summer it aught to be delayed with pure clean water, 
To know good Wine.  as Aristotle saith in his Problems: and note this, that in dry years, wines be best and most wholesome: but in watery years, the Grapes be corrupted, which wine doth bring to the body many evil diseases, as Dropsies, Timpanies, Fluxes, 

When Wine is best.  
Galen. in Regacu.   rheums, winds and such like, as Galen saith: And thus to conclude of wine, almighty God did ordain it for the great comfort of mankind, to be taken moderately, but to be drunk with excess▪ it is unwholesome and is Poison most venomous: it relaxeth the sinews, bringeth Palsy, 
Wine moderately comforteth.  Falling sickness, in old persons, hot Fevers, Fransies, Fight, Lechery, and a consuming of the liver to the choleric: and generally there is no credence to be given to drunkards, although they be mighty men. It maketh men like unto monsters with countenance like to burning coals. 
A glass for all excessive. wine bibbers to look in.  It dishonoureth noble men, and beggereth poor men, and nearehande killeth as many as be slain in cruel battles the more it is to be lamented. Plato in secundo de legibus. 
Plato in 2 legibus.  commanded that none under xxij years old should drink wine. And this wise man doth show a reason saying: Non oportet ignem igni adiscere. One fire aught not to be put to an other or coupled together for they will devour each other, because there is no mean between them, but extreme in one degree. 
Prover. xxxj.  And the words of king Lamuel be these against drunken Princes or judges: Noli regibus ò Lamuel, noli regibus dare vinum, quia nullum secretum ubi regnat ebrietas, ne forte bibat & obliviscantur iu●●ciorum, & mutent causam filiorum pauperis. etc. O Lamuel it is not fit for Kings, it is not for kings to drink wine. For there is no secret▪ where drunkenness reigneth, lest they being drunk forget the law, and pervert or change the judgement of poor men's Children. 
Lethi ● Flood whose water did cause men to forget themselves when they drunk of it  Give wine to such as be condemned to death, and Wine to such as Mourne●, that they may Drink it and forget their misery and adversity. I conclude that wine is wholesome for cold complexions and crude stomachs, evil for choleric, immoderately taken▪ a prince to princes, and a confounder of judges, and finally the flood of Lethe to the afflicted, to make them forget their miseries,  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of the common water of Rivers. 
Waters.  springs and fountains. etc.  Hilarius. 
WAter is one of the four Elements, 
Gal. 3. de vic. acu. lib. ij. fen. 2.  more lighter than Earth, heavier than fire and air. But this Water which is here amongs us in Rivers, Pondes, Springs, Floods, and Seas, is no pure water, for it is mingled with sundry Airs, Corruptions, Grossness and softness. 
What kind of water is best.  Notwithstanding in all once Meats and Drinks Water is used, and amongst all living Creatures cannot be forborn neither of Man, Beast, Fish, Fowl, nor Herb. etc. for all have need of water. And Avicen saith, the Clay water is pure, for the clay cleanseth the water: the water is better, 
avicen lib. ij▪ fen inde dispositionibus.  then the water that runneth over gravel or stones, so that it be pure Clay, & void of corruption. Also waters running toward the East be pure, coming out of hard stony Rocks, and a pint of that water is lighter than a pint of the standing water of Wells or Pools: the lighter the water, the better it is. Also water that is put in wine. etc. aught first to be sodden, or it be occupied, and so the fire doth cleanse it from corruption. Standing waters, and Waters running near unto Cities and Towns, or Marish grounds, woods, and fens, be ever full of corruption, because there is so much filth in them of Carrions, and rotten dung. etc. The higher the water doth fall▪ the better it is: Ice and snow waters be very gross, and be hurtful to the bodies of men and Beasts. To drink cold water is evil, for it will stop the body, 
Salt water healeth scabs  and engender Melancholy. Salt water cleanseth a man from scabs, Itch, and moist humours, it killeth Lice, and wasteth blood between the skin and the flesh, but it is most hurtful to the stomach: but the vapour and smoke of it is good for them that have the dropsy. If one that is bitten with a mad Dog, be suddenly cast into a swift running River, and so plunged up and down, three or four times, hanging by the waist in a strong Linen cloth, it will help him by the reason of the great sudden fear, in that Melancholy passion saith Dioscorides. And Avicen saith, water wherein steel is quenched, is good to be given to him that is bitten with a mad Dog. Also he saith, whosoever is bitten of a mad Dog, and is vehemently afraid when he seethe his face in a vessel of water and knoweth himself, it is a sig●e that he shall not die. Also baths for the cleansing of the corrupt bodies of men be made of clean water: 
The goodly virtues of common water.  without water men are more defiled than beasts, for it is a nutriment of every living creature, sensible, and insensible. There is a River running at Rome called Tiber, whose water is of such virtue, that it will remain in a vessel of stone by the space of an hundred years uncorrupted as sayeth Petrus, Andraeus▪ Matthiolus upon Dioscorides. There were some time near unto that ancient and old City called Agrigentum, sacred wells, which were of such virtue, that the water brought forth such precious Oil, that the bodies which were anointed therewith, were cleansed of sundry and divers diseases.  

Of Nilus that noble flood.  Let us not be forgetful of that noble River Tagus in Spain, in whom swimmeth divers kinds of fishes, under whose streams lieth plenty of golden sands: what shall we say unto the Capital river of all this World called Nilus, which runneth over all Ethiopia and Egipte, in which Egipte there is no Rain, but only the swelling and overflowing of that flood, which being fallen down within his banks, eftsoons great plenty of spices, Herbs, Plants, and fruits do grow, in so much that the people of the Land do live without any great travel, pain, or Labour, the cause of the abundance, and swelling of this famous river sayeth Galen, is when the Snows be melted, through the great heat of the Sun in the Mountains of Ethiopia? 
The cause why Nilus doth flow.  The Ocean the most Mighty Sea of all the World, the Mother of fishes, strange Monsters, Stones of divers natures, seperater of lands, enuironer of Islands, the water thereof through a long continual boiling over the fire, is converted into salt. Also in the North parts of Scotland near and upon the said Ocian Sea, sticks, branches, and boards of broken ships falling into the same Sea, 
The cause of Barnacles.  upon these things be engendered fowls or birds, which we commonly call Brants or Barnacles, a kind of small Geese, which we do see commonly in this Realm, all of one colour and bigness, their Eggs were never seen amongst us, they have none other generation than I have said: although to the incredulous and ignorant it seemeth untrue, whose fantasies I force not of, but of the truth. There be also waters in the north parts of the Ocian Sea, which do freeze for evermore, 
The cause of Crystal.  whose Ice is nothing else but Crystal, for Crystal is of no other generation. There be waters of an other nature here in England called Aquae callidae, or the hot Baths, at a place so named called bath, whose water doth never freeze through extreme coldness, but is ever warm, which hath virtue to help the sore, 
The effects of the Baths at the town of bath.  scabbed and mangy, if I may so term them: many have come thither lame and have gone away without corruption of the Flesh▪ contraction of sinews, lameness of Limbs or weakness of nature, & this is a blessing of God among us, to have so precious a jewel. There is a well near hand of the like effect at Buckestone, whose water hath done many & sundry good cures, 
Guiacum is of greater virtue than bath or Buck●stons wells against the nosegay of Naples.  both to the sore, and lame: yet these waters are reported to be so gentle, that they will not usurp or steal from Guiacum, his virtue and good service, which it daily doth to his Neapolitan, French or English friends, you know what I mean. What shall I say more of water or deep wells, which be warm in winter, by the reason that heat is in the bowels of the Earth, and cold in Summer, because heat is above the earth: There is a noble well called Alissus in Arcadia, and who so drinketh of this water shall be delivered of the venom, or biting of mad Dogs. There be divers wells at Nante which. etc. whereof is made great plenty of good white Salt, very rich and profitable to our common wealth. I will not forget the Well of Silo and the Sacred flood of jordane, which was the first water of Baptism where as jesus Christ our saviour was baptized himself, whose beginning is from the heads of jor. and Dan. or from a Fountain called Pancade so named of Caesarea: in this river is plenty of good Fishes, it is a sweet noble Flood where Christ jesus our saviour, did show Miracles. But Asphaltites sayeth Pliny will suffer nothing to sink into it, Bull nor Camel. etc. in this Flood is plenty of Sytumen, 
The dead se●.  where was Sodom and Gomor, sometime the dead Sea. And thus I make an end of water & the Earth. Rain water is binding and stopping of nature, water is a very good servant, but it is a cruel master.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Beer and Ale?  Hilarius. 
ALe doth engender gross humours in the body, but if it be made of good Barley malt, & of wholesome water, and very well sodden, and stand .v. or vi. days, until it be clear, it is wholesome, 
Although Beer & Ale be compounds yet I have here placed th●m after water, whereof they receive their greatest substance.  especially for hot Cholorike persons, having burning Fevers. But if Ale be very sweet and not well sodden in the brewing, it bringeth inflation of wind and fleum into the Belly, If it be very sour, it nippeth and fretteth the guts, & is evil for the eyes: to them that be very phlegmatic, Ale is very gross, but to temperate bodies, it increaseth blood, it is partly laxative and provoketh urine. Clean brewed Beer, if it be not very strong, brewed with good Hops doth cleanse the Body from corruption, and is very wholesome for the Liver, it is an usual or common drink in most places of England, which in deed is hurt and made worse with many rotten Hops, or Hops dried like dust, which cometh from beyond sea: but although there come many good Hops from thence, yet it is known that the goodly fields, and fruitful grounds of England do bring forth to man's use, as good Hops as groweth in any place of the world, as by proof I know in many places of the Country of Suffolk, where they brew their Beer with the Hops that grow upon their own grounds, as in a place called Brisiarde, near to an old famous castle called Framingham and in many other places of the country. 
A late house of Nuns  Thus to conclude of Ale & Beer, they have no such virtue, nor goodness, 
Surfeits of Ale & Beer Au●cen ij. tert●a capi. viii. Auerho in con. Rasis in four Almen. cap. v.  as wine hath: and the surfeits which be taken of them, through drunkenness, be worser than the surfeits of win●. Know this, that to drink Ale or Beer, of any empty stomach moderately, hurteth not but doth good But if one be fasting hungry, or empty, and drink much Wine, it will hurt the Sinews, and bring the Cramp, sharp Agues, and Palseis, as Avicen, Auerhois, & Rasis, saith. The rinsepichers had a good medicine prepared for them: for the Mayor of London, upon a politic consideration, Anno. 1560. made an order against mighty Beer and Ale, aswell for the health of the commons of London, as for their profit. Whereat the Ale knights, were not little offended, & do continued still as true Soldiers to the strong Beer and Ale, which is their Captain, notwithstanding my lord majors decree, as it plainly appeareth in their flushing, read, coppred noses. For strong Ale hath such virtue and worthiness, that he cannot be so persecuted, afflicted, yea and banished, but his disciples most constantly will follow him, to the end of their lives. Therefore they shall have Bacchus' blessing for their labours. But yet the end of Drunkards and Gluttons is miserable: therefore my Marcellus, hear that most prudent and wisest Prince king Solomon, saying. Noli esse in convivijs potatorum, nec in comessationibus eorum qui carnes ad vescendum conferunt: quia vacantes potibus, & dantes symbola, consumentur & vestietur pannís dormitatio. etc. Keep no company with Wine bibbers, and riotous eaters of Flesh. For such as be drunkards and ryoters, shall come to poverty. And he that is given to much sleep, with ragged clotheses. etc. Lo, these be the rewards of such companions and unthrifts.  Marcellus. 
I Thank you for your good counsel, good Hilarius, you have spoken indifferently: and you have alleged good writers, but specially Solomon, whose words be well placed, against ryotours and drunkards, with their rewards, as poverty, shame, and rags. etc. for abusing the good creatures, and blessings of God: but to use them in good order, they be our servants, and we may take them for our need. I pray you say some thing of Bread, which is the chief food to all living men in this Land.  Hilarius. 
THE best bread is made of clean Wheat, 
The mean baked bread▪ the best.  which groweth in clay ground, lightly leavened, meanly Salted, and the Bread to be baken in the oven, not extremely hot, lest it be burned, nor also less than meanly hot, lest the Bread be heavy and raw: the lighter the bread is, and the more fuller of the holes, the wholesomer it is, thus Auerhois, and Rasis say. 
ave in v. col. Rasis in xxx in almum Cap. 3 What bread is best.  And also Bread must neither be eaten new baked, nor very stolen, or old, for the one causeth dryness, thirst, and smoking in the head, troubling the brains and eyes, through the heat thereof. The other drieth the body, and bringeth melancholy humours, hurting memory. The best bread is that, 
Bread of a day old,  that is of a day old: and the loaves or Manchettes, may neither be great nor little, but mean, for the fire in small loaves, drieth up the moistness or virtue of the bread, & in great loaves, it leaveth rawness and grossness, Read Galen, 
Galen two. aliment. capi. 2 Sodden bread not wholesome.  in the properties of bread: sodden bread, which is called Simnelles. or Crackenelles, is very unwholesome, and hurteth many one. Rye bread is windy, and hurtful to many, therefore it must be well salted, and baken with Anisedes. And commonly crusts of Bread, be dry and burned: they do engender choler adust and melancholy humours. Therefore in great men's houses, the Bread is chipped so nigh, and so largely pared, that much of it is abused, & shamefully made into sauce for Dogs, which would feed a great number of poor people: but many men be more affectionate to Dogs, 
Barley bread.  than to men. Barley Bread doth cleanse, and make the body lean.  
Yet thus much more of Bread. If a Manchette stand all night in Borage water, and in the morning be given to a man, that is new fallen mad, it will help him, using it xiiii. days: being also let blood in Cephalica, a vein in the forehead. Also a Cake or Manchette, made in this manner, and daily eaten: ℥ viii half in the morning, and as much at Night, helpeth Gonorrhoea passio, or running of the rains. A pound of fine flower, and the fine dried powders of walnuts, chestnuts, Hasil nuts, filberts, 
Master R●ger Stranges' Medicine, brought from Venice, written by a learned Italian Doctor.  Nutmegs, Almonds, and Pistacia, of these, seven. kinds of Nuts. ʒ. iii, tempered with this meal, and read Wine, and so your bread made thereof. There is also a kind of Bisquit made with Anisedes, wholesome for the lungs, or rheumatic persons. Calamus, long Pepper, Ginger, Spicknard, and Galanga, be good to put into their bread which have the Dropsy, or Tympany.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Pears.  Hilarius, 
THere be of divers kinds of Pears, heavier than Apples, not good until they be very ripe, 
The operation of Pears.  unless they be tenderly roasted, or baken, and eaten after meals. There is a kind of Pears, growing in the City of Norwich, called the Black Freres Pear, very delicious and pleasant, and no less profitable unto a hot stomach, as I heard it reported, by a right worshipful Physician of the same City, called Doctor Manfield, who said, he thought that those Pears, without all comparison, were the best that grew in any place of England. Dioscorides sayeth Lib. i Capi. cxxxii. That all Pears do stop and bind, 
Black Freres Pears. of Norwiche.  so do the leaves, and therefore sayeth he, plasters be wholesome made of them, to stop vomits and laxies. There may lie be made of Pear tree branches, or barks, which is wholesome to seethe wild Pears in, that be called strangling, or choke Pears. For so sodden, it doth take away venom or hurt: the same Ashes doth help Men, being drunken in white Wine, 
Ashes made of wild peartree, the virtue thereof.  that be almost strangled with Mouseums, or such like. Pears have many names, as Pear Robert, Pear john, bishops blessings, with other pretty names. The read Warden is of great virtue, conserved, roasted, or baken, to quench choler.  Marcellus. 

Apples.  What is the virtue of Apples?  Hilarius. 
Apples be very cold and windy, hard to digest, engenderers of ill blood, hurtful to the phlegmatic persons, good to choleric stomachs, if they be through ripe, 
The operation of Apples. Diosco●ides Lib. i Cap. 131 For a choleric stomach. Costarde. green Coat. Pipins.  but best if they be roasted, or baken and eaten with gross Pepper to bedward. They be of many kinds, as Costardes, the green Cotes, the Pippin, the queen Apple, and so forth: the distilled water of Apples, Champhire, Uinegar and Milk, is a good medicine to anoint the Faces of children, that have the small Pocks, when the said Pocks be ripe, to keep them from pits or errs, provided, that they have given them in their Milk Saffron, or Mithridatum, to expel the venom, and keep them from the air, 
A medicine for the small Pocks.  during the said sickness. The pap of an Apple with Rose Water applied to the Eyes, doth quench the burning, and taketh away the redness of them. Apples be good in Winter, and provoke urine: eat them with a little Salt. Tarts of Apples with Anisedes, make sweet breath: there is a windy drink made of them called Cider: Uergis is not greatly to be● lauded, albeit, custom doth permit it.  Marcellus. 

Peaches.  What is the virtue of peaches,  Hilarius. 

The operation of Peaches  THE leaves be hot, for if they be stamped in plaster wise, & applied unto the belly, they kill worms: the fruit is cold, and very good for the stomach: 
Hot stomach.  they be good to be eaten of them, that have stinking breaths of hot causes, 
Against stinking breathes  eaten of any empty stomach, as it is the counsel of Galen. who sayeth, if they be eaten after meat, they do corrupt, both themselves, and the Meats lately eaten, and they be been dear of the belly: 
Quinces wholesome.  but Quinces be most comfortable after meat, and they do enclose the stomach, & let vapours from ascending into the brain, & stop vomits. Folks that be swollen in their bodies, and use to eat quinces with the gross powder of Galanga, spikenard, Calamus, 
swellings.  and Ginger, shall receive comfort: they may be eaten before meat, of the said sick pacyents, as well as after, but much use of them, is not so profitable, as delectable to the eaters of them.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtues of Quinces? Any more than thus. 
Quinces.   Hilarius. 
IF thy stomach be very hot, or moist, or thy belly laxative, 
The operation of quinces.  than Quinces be good to be eaten before meat, being roasted, or eaten cold: and in this case, the tarter be the better: 
Pongarnettes.  and Pomgarnettes be of the same virtue, as Isaac sayeth: but eaten after meat, they do enclose the stomach, and moist the belly, 
Isaac in perti▪ die.  they aught not to be used in common meats: the custom of them hurteth the sinews, but in the way of medicine they be excellent: and the cores being taken out, and preserved in Honey, or kept in their musslege, they may long continu●, 
Quinces raw hurt.  to the use of roasting, or baking, for they be perilous to the stomach eaten raw, but preserved, they do mightily prevail against drunkenness: 
Against drunkenness.  they be cold in the first degree, and dry in the beginning of the second.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Cherries? 
Cherries.   Hilarius. 
THE tart Cherries undoubtedly, be more wholesomer then the sweet, 
The operation of Cherries.  and eaten before meat, they do mollify the Belly, 

Against hot Choler.  
Galen de alimen. Ra lib. xxiii. Capi Diosc. in libr. i capi. cxxix   prepare digestion, and they be most excellent against hot burning choler, they be good also after meat, and be of many kinds, as black, read, and pale: the read Cherye partly tart is best, Galen and Rasis, greatly commend this fruit. This fruit is cold and moist in the first degree. And the gum of a Cherye tree, sodden in Wine and drunk, hath all these properties, saith Dioscorides, it helpeth old coughs, giveth good colour to the face, sharpeth the sight, maketh perfect digestion, and maketh clean the reins from gravel. Pliny sayeth, Libr, xv. Capi xxv. it was a strange thing to see Cherries at Rome, until such time as Lucullus the Noble Roman vanquished Mithridates, the king of Pontus. And from thence came Cherries at that time to Rome, which was about the incarnation of our Lord Chryst lxxiii years. And then within few years after, all Italy was full, and then most part of France: and so they came in to this our great Britan chief in Kent, whereas great plenty doth grow yearly.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Grapes, Rasines, Prunes, Barberies, Oranges, and Meddlers?  Hilarius. 

Grapes.  HIppocrates sayeth, that the white Grapes, be better than the black, and wholesomer when they are two or three days gathered from the vine, than presently pulled from it: and if they be sweet, they be partly nutratyve, and warm the Body, and this agreeth Galen, 
Galen de alimen. two. Rasis in iiii. alimen. xx.  and Rasis, who seemeth to commend sweet Grapes, above Dates, saying: although they be not so warm, yet they do not stop the body, or make oppilation as Dates do. They be wholesome to be eaten before meat, even as Nuts be good after Fish: towards the South, & South East parts of the world, there be many growing in divers Regions, whereof the Wines be made, the farther from us, the hotter the Wine: there be very good Grapes growing here in England, in many places, as partly I have seen. 
Raisins.  Raisins of the Son be very wholesome, and comfort digestion, but the stones and rinds, would be refused: and then they be good for the spleen and liver, 

To comfort digestion Spleen and Liver.  
Sweet prunes be laxative, but tart be binding Oxiacantha, called the Barbary Mespila called the Meddler.   so be Aligantes. Rasis doth much commend them, but undoubtedly the small Raisins be hurtful to the spleen. Prunes, and Damaseins have virtue to relax the belly, if they be sweet and ripe: they do nourish very little, but quench, choler. Grapes Raisins, Prunes Plums, and sloes, if they be sour, be all binder's of the belly. And so is the Barbery, called Oxiacantha, and Oranges, except the said Oranges be condited with Sugar, and then they be good coolers against hot choler, whose rinds be hot, and dry of nature. The fruit called the Meddler, is used for a medicine, and not for meat, it provoketh urine, and of nature is styptic.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Capers and olives?  Hilarius. 

Capers and Olives.  FResh Capers be hot and dry in the second degree, and eaten before meats, do greatly comfort digestion: and be the best things for the Spleen, 
Good for the Spleen.  or to cleanse melancholy, so is the oil of Capers to anoint the Spleen, or left side, that can be taken. Preserved Olives in Salt, eaten at the beginning of meats, do greatly fortify the stomach, and relax the belly, cleanse the liver, and are hot and dry in the second degree. The decoction of Caper barks helpeth the Spleen, being drunk.  Marcellus. 

Aloes.  What is the virtue of Aloes?  Hilarius. 
THere be two kinds of Aloes, one is named Succotrina, which is like a liver, 
Two kinds of Aloes.  clear, brittle, bitter, coloured between read and yellow: this is best for medicines, a little of this tempered with Rose water, 
To help watery eyes.  and being put into the eyes, helpeth the dropping, & watery eyes. Also it is put into many excellent medicines laxative, as Saffron, Myrrh, Aloes, mingled together in the form of pills, is the most excellent medicine against the Pestilence, 
Against the Pestilence. cal●ed pillule Ru●●i  as it is written in this book following. honey & Aloes mingled together, do take away the marks of stripes, and also do mundify sores, and ulcers, it doth cleanse the abundance of choler and phlegm from the stomach, it is not good to be taken in Winter. For Avicen doth forbid it, 
Marks of stripes of the skin.  but in the Spring time, or Harvest: the powder thereof, the weight of a French crown, mingled with the water of Honey, or Mede, and so drunk in the morning, doth cleanse both Choler and phlegm. 
To cleanse choler ●nd fleum.  There is an other gross Aloes, which is good for horses tempered with Ale, and ministered, and aswell to other great Beasts, as horses, the weight of half an Unce, and thus much have I said of Aloes: but if Aloes be clean washed, it is the holsommer, much unwashed Aloes will cause Emeroides. 
A cause of the Emroides.   Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Dictamnum,  Hillarius. 
IT is of a singular virtue, leaved like unto Peneryal, but greater, and somewhat rough, and tasteth like Ginger when it is bitten on: this herb is incomparable for his singular goodness, in speedy deliverance of dead children from their Mothers, being drunk in Syrup. There be two kinds of them the one called Dictamnum, and the other Pseudo dictamnum, one of the garden, the other of the field, and have many roots: 
Dictamnum is a good sudden▪ salve for a soldier in the field.  the Leaves be only occupied, and not the stalks, being sodden in wine, it draweth corruption out of deep wounds: if any man be wounded with Iron, as Dagger, Spear, nail, piece of harness, hayleshot, or mail, drop in the juice of this herb into the said wound, and eftsoons it will draw forth the Iron therein fixed, so that the patient drink of the same herb in wine. 
Dioscorides. lib iij. cap. xxxj. A maruailus work of Dictamnum.  Dioscorides reporteth, that wild beasts, and Goats among the Greeks, when they were wounded with arrows, did feed on this herb, whose virtue cast out the Arrows, and healed the wound. It will do the like also to mankind, if he be not smitten witha mortal wound. The smoke of this Dittan, called Dictamnum, doth drive away any living thing from man, that is venomous, as Toad, Newt, Skorpion. etc. And the Noble Poet Virgil doth greatly commend the same precious herb, 
Lib. xii. Aeneidos.  with these pleasant sweet Verses, saying: 
Hic Venus indignonati concussa dolore,  
Dictamnum genitrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida,  
Puberibus caulem folijs, & florae comantem  
Purpureo: non illa feris incognita capris  
Gramina, cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae.   
Which Verses are englished thus. 
But Venus much apauld at this her Sons unworthy pain:  
Green Ditainie from Ida sacred mount in Creeti she brings,  
The stalk with tender leaves, and Purple flowers full fresh that springs  
An herb to Roebuckes wild, and Beasts not tame right well be known.   Marcellus. 
I pray you, what is the nature of Helenium, called Enula campana, which we common plain people call Alacam pane.  Hilarius. 

Enula campana  THis herb of worthy Memory, hath thus been called, as some do say, from the battle of Troy: which was before the incarnation of God's only son, 
A fable perhaps.  our God and sa, +uiour jesus Chryst .1189. And then was named Elenium of the lamentable and pitiful Tears of Helena, Wife, to Menelaus, 
A bitter definition.  when she was violently taken away by Paris into Phrigia, having this herb in her hand. Or as other do say, this noble Helena made a goodly medicine of this herb, against the deadly Uenome, or poison of Serpents. And Pliny reporteth, that julius Augustus the Emperor, 
Avicen secum C●n. cap. Enula campana.  did eat of this daily with his meat. It prevaileth against poison, it doth comfort the heart, as it is said: Enula campana, reddit praecordia sana. Aicuen. The wine of this herb, doth cleanse the lights, breast, and iunges: and swallowed with clean Honey, it causeth to spit, and breaketh wind. Balm and this herb be great friends to the heart: and if it be sodden with Rue, it prevaileth against the colic, and ruptures, which come of wind: it is not exactly hot and dry. It is very comfortable in baths, to wash and cleanse the body from filth, itch, scabs, and to keep the parts of the body warm, and to make them red that were pale: and is good for Ischias called Sciatica, or pains in the huccle bones, applied plaster ways warm. The root is of great virtue, sayeth Galen Libr. vi. Simplic Medic. If it be champed, sayeth Pliny, fasting in the morning, it will confirm & stablish the teeth: and the oil is good against the torments of the guts, which be vexed with wind, and helpeth the sinews. If any wild beast fall in any net, died with the same Enula, they shallbe poisoned therewith, as Galen sayeth in his book de Theriaca ad Pisonem, but some wisemen do think rather it be a fable, than a true history. And thus I do end of this good herb, whose chief virtue is in the root.  Marcellus. 
What is a Tassill good for, besides the Cloth workers business, which is in his shop?  Hilarius. 

Tasell.  A Tasell is called Dipsacus in Greek, by a contrary name, for it receiveth in the concavity and holonesse, dew and rain, to relieve the dryness. It is also called virga pastoris, Sheperdes' rod and Fuller thistle. There be two kinds, one wild & unprofitable: the other is a good Servant in the common wealth, for trimming of cloth, and caps, & it is a stiff Tasell. The roots and leaves with the pricks be dry in the second degree: if this herb be sodden in water to a thickness, and drawn through a strainer, and sodden again unto a more thickness this laid upon chaps, or places, opened with wind, as in March, it healeth them. The same put into a Fistula, doth heal it, and taketh away warts, so say Dioscorides and Pliny,  Marcellus. 
What do you say of an herb, called Hypericon.  Hilarius, 
DIoscorides calleth this herb, Libr. tertio Capitulo. Cliiii. Hypericum, Chamaepityn, Androsaemon, or Corion, with such copy of names: 
Hypericon S. john's herb, weeds grass. or woorte.  The seed doth partly smell like Rosen: If this herb be chafed and broken in one's hand▪ it sendeth forth a bloody juice, sayeth he, the seeds be black, and the flower yellow, it groweth in the month of july, and August, and is commonly known in every place: and of temperament or nature, is hot and dry▪ Galen sayeth, it provoketh urine: 
Galen. Libr. viii. Simpl. medicamen. torum.  all the herb must be put to the medicine, as to salves, than it healeth moist and stinking putrefied sores. And being drunk, either the water, the Syrup, the juice, or powder, healeth Ischias, or the Sciatica, of the same mind is Dioscorides, But they must drink of the seed, sayeth he, by the space of xl days. And this saint Ihons' wort or herb, helpeth tartians or quartaynes, drunk with wine: the juice healeth any burnt place, and is good for the stone. Acyrum, Androsaemum and Coris, be kynsfolk. But the seeds of Acyrum will purge, they differ in form. But for time, savour, place, and nature, they be much like one unto the other: And are all named among us, saint john's wort or herb.  Marcellus. 
OUr fyelds do grow full of Scabious, every mere and baulk is full of it in june: Some do use this Herb for the Pestilence, commonly called the plague. Wherefore do the learned men, as Dioscorides and Galen say it is good.  Hilarius. 
SCabiosa so named of old time, because it is given in drink inwardly, or ointments outwardly, to heal Scabs, sores, corruption in the stomach, yea, 
Scabious for scabs, it taketh the name of the property, the right name is Stobee or Psora-there be two kinds of it.  and is most fryend among all other herbs, in the time of the Pestilence, to drink the water with Mithridatum a mornings. It stoppeth the bloody flux, and Hemeroides, and anointment made thereof, healeth Antrax, called the Carbuncle, or hot burning Pestilent botch, or fearful sore. Galen sayeth Lib. seven. Simplicium medicam. that it is hot, dry, and bitter, and hath virtue to bind, dry, and stop, it will join a fresh wound together. The juice dropped into the eye, healeth it, if it be pricked or bleed. It is good to be dropped into foul running moist ears, it should seem, being both hot and dry, if it be sodden in wine, and drunk, it drieth superfluous humours. Dioscorides calleth it Stoebe, the flowers are like a Blue or white thrummed hat, the stalk rough, the upper leaves ragged, and the leaves next the gross roots be plainer. Under whom often times, Frogs will shadow themselves▪ from the heat of the day: hopping and playing under these leaves, which to them is a pleasant Tent or pavilion, sayeth Aristophanes, who made a play, wherein Frogs made pastime.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of bugloss? 
bugloss.   Hilarius. 
IT is an herb most temperate, between hot & cold, 
To comforts the heart.  of an excellent virtue, a comforter of the heart, a purger of Melancholy, a quieter of the frenzy, a purger of the urine, wholesome to be drunk in wine, 
frenzy.  but most effectually in Syrup, Dioscorides, and Galen do greatly commend this herb, and to be praise worthy daily experience proveth.  Marcellus. 

Basill  What is the virtue of Basill.  Hilarius. 
THis herb is warm in the second degree, having the virtue of moistness: 

Ozimum or sweet oder, or redolent.  
Dropsy For the brain and heart.   and if it be sodden in wine, with Spicknard, and drunk, it is good against dropsyes, winds, phlegms, coldness of the heart, hardness of the stomach. The savour of basil doth comfort the brain and heart, the use of this herb in meats, doth decay the sight,  Marcellus 

Polipodie.  What is the virtue of polypody.  Hilarius. 
IF this Herb be sodden with Beafes, and Mallows, in the broth of a Hen, 
phlegm.  and drunk, it will loose the Belly, and cleanse phlegm: the root of this herb, being dry, and beaten in fine powder, and drawn into the nostrils, helpeth a disease called Polipus. Galen. and Actu●rius. affirmeth that ℈ i of the roots of Seine, 
Actua in li. de compo. med.  sodden with polypody in Mede, or Honey, and so strained, doth purge choler and melancholy, without pain. It is of the like virtue and effect, sodden in the broth of a Hen, or Ptisane, and is of order temperate, and relaxing:  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Burnete, which in Summer time is used to be put in bowls, & glasses of wine, served at the table?  Hilarius. 

Potentilla.  IT is very pleasant to be put in clean Cups, Gobblettes, or pieces, wherein is clean French wine: it maketh it pleasant with the juice of Lymondes, and good white Sugar: it hath golden flowers, green leaves, purple roots of the out side, and white within, and doth dry and bind, and stoppeth the bloody flix very well.  Marcellus. 

spinach.  What is the virtue of spinach,  Hilarius. 

Mollefying.  It is an herb much used in meat, cold and moist in the first degree: it mollifyeth, and maketh soft the belly, it is good for them that be hot and dry, and ill for phlegmatic men,  Marcellus. 

Uinegar.  What is the virtue of Uinegar?  Hilarius. 
UInegar is cold and dry, and is hurtful for them that be melancholy: but when it is drunk, or powered upon an outward wound, it stoppeth the blood, 
The property of Uinegar.  it also killeth hot apostumations of Erisypilas: it is an enemy to the Sinews, Uinegar & Brimstone sodden together, are good for the gout, to wash it withal. Uinegar tempered with wool. 
To help the gout.  helpeth a disease called Soda, in the head, applied warm unto the place. It is good in Sauce, for warm and moist men. Uinegar with clean clarified Honey, 
Pains in the throat.  Penidies, and fair water sodden together, doth greatly help the pains of the throat, lungs, and, stopping of the wind, and quencheth hot diseases, And sharp Uinegar mingled with Salt, 
Biting of a Dog.  and put upon the biting of a Dog, doth heal it: and against poison it is excellent, chief to drink a little thereof against the Pestilence, in a morning. 
Against the Pestilence.   Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Setwall? 
Setwall.   Hillarius. 
IT is hot and dry in the second degree, and is good: the powder thereof to be drunk, is most of effect against the pestilence, 
Theophr●stus of Setwall.  except Mithridatum. It is good against poison, windy, choleric, and cold passions of the heart, and doth restrain Uomites, the weight of viii G. doth suffice to be drunk in Ale or Wine, upon an empty stomach. 
Uomites strained.   Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Mellilote? 
Mellilote. Sertu●a, or kings croun●   Hilarius. 
IT hath virtue to ripe, and is more hotter than cold, Mellilote Flaxsede, Rose leaves, Champhire, and womannes' Milk, tempered together, do make a goodly medicine against the hot inflammation of the eyes. 

For the eyes, stomach and liver.  
To help the Spleen.   If this herb be drunk in wine, it doth mollify the hardness of the stomach and liver: the most excellent plaster against the pains of the Spleen, doth Mesuae describe, which is made of Mellilote. Uinegar, Roses, and Mellilote together, do help the headache, it applied to the forehead in a cloth,  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Time? 
Time.   Hilarius. 
IT is vehement of heat, with dryness in the third degree: Dioscorides sayeth, if it be drunk with Uinegar and Salt, it purgeth phlegm: sodden with Honey or Mede, it hath virtue to cleanse the lungs, and the breast, matrix, rains, and bladder, and killeth worms. The powder of Time eaten in Pottage, is wholesome for the eye sight: Theophrastus sayeth, there be two kinds of Time, the one white, the other blackish. 
Theop lib. two. Capi. vi.  There be no flowers growing in fields or gardens, better beloved of been, than the flowers of Time: and that year wherein the greatest plenty of these flowers be seen, that same year Honey doth abound: & when they be scarce, & not fertyl, them there is little, or no good honey that year. Dioscorides sayeth in his four book, that Epithymum is the flower of the harder Time. One ounce of Time dried, & beat in powder, mingled with ʒ. .iiii. of oxymel, & drunk of an empty stomach, before dinner & supper, helpeth the stomach, guts, matrix, and bladder: and is good for them that have read bleared eyes, and for those that be tormented with the goufe. Galen commendeth Time in his vi book of Simples, so doth Aetius with these commendations aforesaid. The whiter the Time is, with white and purple flowers, the better it is, the blacker the worse. And thus I do conclude of Time desiring God that we may spend the time well to his glory, 
〈◊〉 cannot 〈◊〉 called 〈◊〉.  and profit of our neighbour: for time cannot be called again, but by little and little slips away, they which Godly observe the time, in time to come, shall receive the fruits of their own labours, with happy lives, quiet minds, and blessed ends: whereas the shameful abusers of time, and mysusers of themselves, although evil spent time, seem well unto them, yet their lives be wicked, their labour fruitless, and their end horrible: as once shall appear when death doth come, which is the end of every tyme.  Marcellus. 

Sweet Calamus odoratus.  What is the virtue of sweet Calamus odoratus, called Calamus Aromaticus.  Hilarius, 
IT is an excellent sweet root, and profitable for men, if the Apothecaries keep it not until it be rotten: it is hot and dry in the beginning, & to the mids of the second degree. It hath power to cleanse, to dry, and to waste all windines within the body, without hurt. Galen doth greatly commend the savour of it. 
To waste wind in the body.  They that drink of this root sodden in Wine, shall have remedy of the white Morphewe, and recover good colours in their Faces, and this have I often proved. 
A remedy for the white Morphewe.  It helpeth to cleanse, purge, and dry the water that is between the skin, and the flesh: being drunk with the sedes of smallage, Parsely, and Fenel, sodden well together & strained, it helpeth cramps, and sickness in the sinews: being drunk with wine, sodden with Sage and fresh Cappers, it helpeth the coldness of the spleen, liver, and reins. Also it augmenteth seed of generation, 
Seed augmented.  and purgeth terms menstrual if the powder be drunk. What is better in wormwood, or Sage Ale, then Calamus to be drunk, for them which have the dropsy, as Ascites. etc. It will expulse and put out sores of the bladder, and make the stinking urine to be sweet: truly it is a noble herb, but the virtue is in the root.  Marcellus. 

Ginger.  What is the vettue of Gynger.  Hilarius. 

Auerhoisin v. in coll, Mesue in four disunt.  It is hot in the third degree, and moist in the end of the first, if it be uncolloured, white, and not rotten, it is very good, most chief if it be conserved and green, as Mesue sayeth: it maketh warm a cold stomach▪ and consumeth winds, helpeth evil digestion and maketh meat go easily down into the stomach.  Marcellus. 

Oil of Olives best.  What is the virtue of Oil made of Olives.  Hilarius. 
Green oil of Olives, is the mother of all Oils which doth draw into her own nature, the virtues of herbs, leaves, 
To digest cold herbs.  flowers, fruits, and roots: sweet Salad oil is wholesome to digest cold herbs, and Sallettes, tempered with sharp Uinegar and Sugar: new Oil doth moist, 
Anerhois commended oil in quinto de ovis▪ Oil of roses.  and warm the stomach, but old oil corrupteth the stomach and cleaveth to the Lungs, & maketh one hoarse. Oil of Roses, & sharp Uinegar tempered together, is good to anoint the foreheds of them, 
Against Frenzies.  that be troubled with extreme heat, or frenzy: so that bugloss be sodden in their Possetale, or else drink the syrups of Endive, or bugloss. There be many goodly virtues in compounded oils, both to make hot, and to cool the body, when it is extreme hot, as the great learned man Mesue, hath describe in his antidotary. Of oils, you shall have plenty following.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Rosemary. 
rosemary.   Hillarius. 
rosemary is an herb of great virtue, hot and dry: sodden in wine, and drunk before meat it doth heal the Kings evil, or pains in the throat, as Dioscorides and Galen say. 
kings evil  The savour of it doth comfort the brain and heart, the flowers of Rosemary is an excellent Cordial, called di Anthos, & is good after Fevers, or for Melancholy men. 
The brain comforted.  And the seeds drunk in wine, help the falling sickness, and pains of the breast.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Agrimonye. 
agrimony.   Hilarius. 
DIoscorides sayeth, that if this herb with Swine's grease, be stamped together, and laid upon an old rotten sore being hot, 
Old sore.  it hath Virtue to heal it. The seed of this herb drunk with Wine, it is good against the biting of Serpents, stopping of the liver, and bloody flux. 
Biting of Serpents.  The Syrup of it is good to open the liver,  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Mugwort. 
Mugwort.   Hilarius. 
MUgwort, Fetherfew, and Tansy, be very hot and dry in the second degree: Mugwort, Spurge, & Oil of Almonds, tempered plasterwyse, and applied cold to the sick pained stomach, will bring health. It is good in baths, 
A pained stomach.  saith Galen, it is wholesome for women: it cleanseth, warmeth, comforteth the matrix, and breaketh the stone. Pliny sayeth, 
Breaking the stone.  it is good against biting of Serpents, and wholesome for travailing Men, if they carry it, it lighteneth them from weariness. Tansye doth kill and cast Worms from Children, drunk with Wine: 
Killing worms in children  a cold plaster stamped, and laid upon the Belly of a Woman, whose Child is dead within her, it will separate the dead Child, 
A present help of a dead child  from the living Mother. Galen sayeth in his sixth book of Simples, there be two kinds of Mugwort, The one is commonly known to us, 
To neese,  the other groweth near the sea side: they be both of singular virtues, their waters being stilled, their syrups prepared, be very wholesome for the corrupted, or stopped Matrix, and also the herb is good for baths, in such purposes for Women. This herb was first found of a Noble Queen, named Artemisia, wife to Mausolus' King of Caria, who was both learned in herbs and plants, chaste of Life, comely of person: and so loved her husband, that when he was dead, she made a Sepulchre, which was so excellent, costly, & rich, that it was counted to be one of the wonders, and greatest marvels of the World, she called this herb Latifolia, & Tenuifolia, after her own name, Artemisia.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Parsely, and Saxifrage?  Hilarius. 
THey have virtue to break the stone: Parsely is hot in the second degree, and dry in the midst of the third. The seed drunk with white wine, provoketh the menstrual terms, as Dioscorides saith: also Smallage hath the like virtue, as further appeareth,  Marcellus .. 
Now say on, and show to me, my good Master, I pray you of Elleborus the white, and of Elleborus the black.  Hilarius. 
ELleborus Candidus. which causeth vomits, very strong and dangerous for convulsion, is called Albus, because the root is whitish, it hath long stalks, reddish leaves, with ribs in them, in the form of Planten leaves, many yellow flowers growing upon stalks by themselves, and growing in cold Grounds. The roots must be gathered in Harvest: and this herb is hot and dry, in the third degree. And is perilous to be given, to women with child, old folks and Children, or to tender people, or in Winter, but in summer only, and before supper. But one dram, put in Milk or Furmentie: but first do thus. Cut a Radish root in the great end, cleave it overthwart: then put your Elleborus Albus into it one whole night, 
How to correct Elleborus albus.  or twelve hours, then press it hard, this will not only take the venom from this Elleborus, but also give it virtue, that it shall not hurt nature, or put the body into danger, when vomits approach. This will help the falling sickness, Vertigo, Melancholy, madness, white Leprosy, winds in the guts, dropsy, Timpany, Gouts Quartens, Coughs, and many such like; and provoke sneezing. etc.  
Elleborus niger, is called Melampodion, not only for the blackness, but of the inventor who was called Melampus, 
Of Eleborus niger.  a keeper of Goats, It is hot and dry in the third degree, & is planted in the Garden, & is called Bears foot: black, rough, hairy roots, like the bush upon the breast of a Fowl, which we call the Cock of a Turkaye. It hath all the virtues that the white hath, & more: three penny weight in powder drunk, casteth forth Worms, cleanseth phlegm, melancholy, and dropsy. And it will cleanse the matrix, and expulse, or cast forth the dead Child. It is good for Pessaries for Women: the juice is good for to be put into the cares against deafness. In plasters, it killeth worms: the juice thereof helpeth horses of the botts, and Swine that be infected. Or else if it be put into their ears, it will help them, when they be pained in their heads. Not beasts dare eat thereof it is so bitter, nor fowls, but only quails: As Aristotle, Avicen, Galen, & Lucretius affirm. These herbs be wholesome in outward plasters, to cleanse melancholy, & to dry phlegm.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Centaury, or fell terrae?  Hilarius. 
PLINY saith, that the syrup of this herb, drunk with a little Uinegar and Salt, doth cleanse the body: the leaves and flowers be of great virtue, to be sodden and drunk against all raw humours of gross phlegms, watery, or windy. It doth cleanse cruent or bloody matter, within the bodies of men or women: the powder of this herb, is good in pessaries for women, causing the dead child, to departed from the mother. And is wholesome against the Pestilence, in the time of Winter: and is hot and dry, and of two kinds, and healeth both old and new wounds, as Galen writeth ad Papiam, of the virtue of little Centaury. This herb was found with his virtue, by that old noble clerk Chiron Centaurus, the inventor of Herbs, Astronomy, and Music.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Penicialle?  Hilarius. 
IT is an herb of much virtue and profit, hot and dry in the third degree: Dioscorides saith, if this herb be sodden with Honey, and Aloes, and drunk, it will cleanse the liver, and purge the blood most excellently: it helpeth also the lungs. Simeon Sethj saith, if a woman drink it with white Wine, it will also provoke, and cleanse the terms menstrual. And is also a very wholesome Potherbe, and much used among Pudding makers: which was invented of some Physician, because of the warmness & goodness against melancholy. The juice with Uinegar, put into the nose, is good against the Frenzy, or Lunatic sickness.  Marcellus. 
What is Lichen called liverwort, that groweth in Welles, dark cold places, and rocks?  Hilarius. 
WIthout all doubt Lichen doth so grow in dark places, and is called liverwort: for it is good against the sickness of the Liver, 
Hepatica lichen called liverwort.  it is cold and dry. Yet it hath a watery humour, it is unpleasant in savour, it stoppeth the bloody flux, it healeth a ryngworme, saith Dioscorides: & stamped with honey, it helpeth the yellow jaundice, 
Diosco. lib. 4. Cap. 48.  if the mouth & Tongue be anointed therewith. The juice stoppeth wounds from bleeding: Galen & Pliny agreed to the same.  Marcellus. 
What say you then of the herb, belonging to the Lungs, called Lungworte?  Hilarius. 
LEonardus Fuchsius saith, Pulmonaria doth grow out of the Oak tree, or stony places, 
Lungworte because it is like the lungs of man.  having soft leaves, the upperside green, and the neither whitish, with little small bladders upon the crumpled leaves, and the whole lump of this herb, saith he, is like the Lungs of mankind. It is drying and binding, and not cold and moist, as some do affirm: and the reason is, because it groweth from the Oak, which is of the same nature, and temperament. And this herb doth close new wounds together: most chief it helpeth the Lungs, or spitting of blood, and stoppeth terms immoderate, 
Super Diosco. lib. 4. Cap. 48  & the bloody flux. Marry Matthiolus saith, that Lungwort hath leaves like to bugloss, sharp, rough, white spots, purple flowers, very like to the great dogs tongue. It hath the same virtue that the other hath, & worketh one effect: therefore it is no error, to call them both a like, Lungwort, or Pulmonaria. Specially, because two great learned men, so call them of their elders and virtues. The last Lungwort. did julianus Marostica, 
julianus Marostica his strupe for the lungs.  a noble Physician use to seethe in water, to the one half, putting in Sugar, and made a simple syrup thereof to give his patients, to stop spitting of blood, and to heal sores of the lungs.  Marcellus. 
What say you then to Mercury, what is the virtue thereof, and why is it so named?  Hilarius. 
THis ancient invented herb, was found of Mercurius who flourished about .164. years, 
Mercury.  before Christ'S birth. He was the son of Maia, this man was afterward called one of the Gods, for his wondrous wisdom, and invention of Music, and other Artes. He among all other herbs, so loved this, that he for the singular goodness thereof, called it after his own name Mercury. Whereof there be two kinds, Male and Female: the first hath blackish leaves, 
Mercury helpeth conception.  the second whitish: they be hot and dry in the first degree. Dioscorides saith, that these doth move the benefit of the Belly: they be very good for women after their natural terms be past, to drink either in syrup, or decoction, to help conception. The male Mercury for men, the female for women. This Mercury is very good in Clysters laxative: we call Rumex Mercury, which hath golden Sands upon the backside of the leaves, which is also solutive, and beneficial for the belly. Sodden with Mallows, it purgeth the Belly, and expulseth phlegm, but it anoyeth the stomach, as saith Pliny.  Marcellus. 
Mallows so called, ab emollienda aluo nomen traxit, it taketh his name of mollifying the belly: 
Mallows.  and they be good with Lettuce, parboiled and eaten in fine Salad Oil, to mollify the belly. 
Mallows for nature be very good,  
To relax the belly, and purge the blood.   Hilarius. 
DIoscorides and Galen say, there be two kinds of them, one of the garden, which is great with flowers like Roses, 
Galen. Lively seven. simplis.  called Bismalua, and the lesser kind of the field & wood: this herb is commonly known. The more that Mallows be watery the lesser they be of virtue, & the drier the seeds are, the more they be of strength. And Mallows be moist and slimy of nature, relaxing the belly, but hurtful for the stomach, saith Dioscorides: the leaves with Salt and honey eaten, heal the pains of the throat, called Angina. But used in wounds or sores, put in no Salt, they heal the stinging of Bees: they be excellent good in Clysters, to purge the belly, reins, and stone. The root sodden and drunk, and eftsoons vomited, doth prevail against poison: the leaves stamped, and tempered in oil, do take running ulcers from the head. And sodden in urine or piss, do take away scurf, scabs. etc. from the Face. The root sodden soft, and laid warm upon a Woman's breast, 
A medicine for women's breasts.  with black wool, doth heal the same, when it acheth, burneth, swelleth, or is hard. So will the leaves, one handful sodden in Oil and Wine, purge Women, saith Pliny. The leaves sodden in Wine, warm applied to the mouth of the matrix, after deliverance of the child, do stay the falling down, and maketh soft. They are good against the Fever, called Sacer ignis, the holy fire, which we call saint Anthony's fire, sodden in Oil & Uinegar, and applied to the member, where as it burneth. The Seeds drunk in Wine, do cleanse the Stomach from noisomeness, and rotten stinking phlegm and melancholy. The juice of Mallows, often times drunk, helpeth the falling evil, and also cleanseth the Lungs, and causeth one to speak clear, saith Simeon Sethi.  
There is also an other Mallow, called Althaea, Althos doth signify medicine, or remedy: this Mallow so named, is excellent in virtue. 
Althos do signify medicine  I think it to be that, which we call the French Mallow: the leaves and the flowers be hot and dry, in the first degree, and so be the roots in the beginning of the second degree. Sodden with Swine's grease, Goose grease, and Terebintin applied to the belly, do assuage the grievous swelling, burning, or inflation thereof. The same medicine doth open things venomous within the members, that be stopped, saith Dioscorides. Seethe the root in wine, 
Dioscori. lib. 3 Cap. 146.  and drink this Wine, it provoketh urine, cleanseth the reins, easeth the stone, and is good for Ischias, called Sciatica, ruptures, and the bloody flux. Galen saith Lib. vj. Simpli. medicamen. the Seeds be good for the stone and reins: the roots sodden, do stop the bloody flux. Theophrastus saith, to be drunk in sweet Wine, it helpeth ruptures, and the cough, and with Oil, it healeth ulcers. And sodden with flesh it doth conglutinate, or join together things separate within the body: and yet it digesteth, looseth, and concocteth crude matter, saith Galen▪ The leaves sodden in white Wine, quench the heat, & abate the swelling of a woman's breast. Who is able to give more commendation or praise to any herb, than to this herb, for the singular medicine called Dialthaea, which is in the book of compounds? Mallows be commended of all good Writers. Plinius saith, that the Mallows in Arabia, 
Plini. Lib. 19 Cap. 4.  within seven months be fertile, & lusty in growing, that they be as big as staves forthwith, he calleth them trees. further he writeth a marvelous history of a Mallow, which was monstrous to behold. There was saith he, in Mauritania, sometime a garden (where Hysperides which were the three daughters of Atlas, which kept the garden) wherein grew Oranges, called the Golden Apples, taken away by Hercules: in this Garden grew a Mallow, twenty foot long: and no man was able to fathom the same. Such like Mallows grow in Ind, and thus I end of Mallows, good friend Marcellus.  Marcellus. 
Cursed fellows, and taunting Merchants, will say in derision, scorn, and mockage, when they be angry with others: I care not for them, not, not a Rush: is a Rush of so small an estimation, and nothing worth, as it is counted?  Hilarius. 
RUshes do grow in Fens, and dry grounds, and be commonly known. And I myself did know a Rush growing in a Fen side, by Oxford in Suffolk, that might have spent three hundred Marks by year. etc. Was not this Rush of good estimation? 
Sir Thomas Rush.  A few such Rushes be better, than many great Trees & Bushes. But Marcellus thou dost not know that country, where sometime I did dwell, at a place called Blaxall, near to that Rush Bush: I would all Rushes within this Realm, were as rich in value: it would make a flourishing common wealth, and much plenty, no Beggars, but riches, and a golden World.  Marcellus. 
THe old proverb is, Wishers and Woulders, be no good householders: 
Poverty is better among the common people, than abundance of riches.  And if there were such plenty▪ face well labour, art, learning, and obedience: But need is the prick and whip, that causeth the Ploughman to travel, the Mariner to sail, the schoolmaster to teach, and to conclude, every man to labour in his calling, through which labour, and industry, the teaching of youth, the government of age, the building of Cities, the maintenance of good laws, the rewarding of virtues, the punishment of vices, the defending of enemies, and rewarding of friends, and obedience to Princes be maintained. Whereas through such abundance, all were cast away, and every man would be a master. Every one would disdain service, and so at length, all should be turned into slavery, 
If harpstringes were of one degree, unpleasant were that harmony.  and the harmony of the Common wealth, should be changed into horror, whereas no order is. Example, if all the Pipes in the Organs, were of one tune, or one degree, unpleasant were that Music. But here will I stop, and lay a straw, and fall into my bias again. I pray thee answer me, what a very Rush is, which groweth in the field?  Hilarius. 
COmmonly known, and of sundry kinds, as Rushes growing in Rivers, and running streams: as there be great plenty round about the Isle of Ely, my native country, whereof the plain People make Mats, and Horse collars of the greater Rushes, and of the smaller they make lights or candles for the Winter. Rushes that grow upon dry grounds, be good to strew in halls, Chambers, and Galleries to walk upon, 
Old Rushes and old courtiers, be past pleasure.  defending apparel, as trains of Gowns, and Kertles from dust. Rushes be old Courtiers, and when they be nothing worth, than they be cast out of the doors, so be many that do tread upon them. A Rush is called juncus, that is a Bull Rush: the Rush bearing black seeds, is called Atrifer, whose seeds drunk in Medicine, do stop flux, and terms immoderate: 
Libr. viii. simplici. medica.  and the same seeds be good for to 'cause sleep. Galen speaking of juncus, saith that some bore seed, which is good in medicine, that is, to bring sleep. The other that have no Seeds, be unprofitable. Dioscorides saith, the seeds of the Rush of Ind do bring sleep, used in potion.  
There is also juncus odoratus, of two sorts, Pliny doth call the first Triangularis, it smelleth as sweet as the Rose, when it is broken. another Rotudus, the Apothecaries do call it Squinantum, and groweth in Africa, 
Diosc. li. pri. Cap. 16.  but yet Dioscorides is of this mind, that the best grow near to Babylon: because this Squinantum is an English herb, used only of the Apothicaries, we have it like oat straw, and is called juncus. The flower is Anthos, as all flowers be so named in Greek: this herb, flower, or root, drunk with Pepper, do help the Dropsy, being used: and is good for the lungs, spleen, and Raynes. The root of Squinans herb, is hot and dry, and is good against wind, colic, dropsy, phlegm or crude raw matter in the body, or any member of the same beaten into powder, and drunk in wine.  Marcellus. 
O how sweet and pleasant is woodbind, in Woods or Arbours, after a tender soft rain: and how friendly doth this herb, 
Woodbine.  if I may so name it, embrace the bodies, arms and branches of trees, with his long winding stalks, and tender leaves, opening or spreading forth his sweet Lilies, like lady's fingers, among the thorns or bushes? Is this woodbind so profitable, as pleasant? I pray you tell me.  Hilarius. 
woodbind is called Siluae matter, Caprifolium, Lilium inter spinas, 
Sundry names of woodbind, as Periclimenon, because it windeth about the next trees and Bushes, that it groweth unto.  Periclymenon. This herb is so commonly known, that I need not describe the form thereof: for thou hast done well thereof thyself. But to the virtue of this woodbind, in temperament or nature, it is vehemently cutting and drying, as Galen saith, Lib. 8. Simplic. medicamentorum, the leaves be sour. The oil of this is good to anoint any part of the Body, that is numb or very cold: and the water is good to be drunk against pissing of blood. And also the Syruppe is good for the Lungs, or one dram drunk in wine, is very good for the Spleen, that is stopped, or corrupt Lungs. And there is nothing (in ointments for wounds of the head) better than this woodbind: and woodbind water is wholesome for sores in the Throat and mouth. And it is said, that women, which use to drink plentifully, or much of this water, are by the use thereof made barren.  Marcellus. 
THere is a long winding weed, having the property of Woodbine, in spreading, winding, and embracing, or lasing, Bushes, branches, and hedges: the Leaves somewhat like ivy, and Flowers like to white Cups, or Bells, what call you it?  Hilarius. 


The Bell woodbind Smilax.  
Dioscorides Lib. 4. Cap. 35   THis is called Helxine, Smilax, or Campanella, or the Bell Wodbinde, Antonius Musa saith, the leaves in likeness, colour and form, be between Mercury and Plantein. But Dioscorides saith, they be like ivy, and the juice of the leaves drunk, or sodden in Wine, do make the Belly laxative: and nothing else can I report, but that it is noisome among herbs and Flax.  Marcellus. 
WHat is the virtue of Centurion, which groweth almost in every Meadow, in May, and june? It hath sweet pleasant purple Flowers, and of divers colours, and is soon gone after june cometh in.  Hilarius. 

Testiculi canis Dogs stones  THis herb hath sundry names, as testiculus Canis, or Orchis, or in the Greek Cynosorchim, Serapias, or Dogs stones. In the bishopric of Durisme, in a place called Warrell shire, the people do call it Crowfoote, although Crowfoote be another herb. This Testiculus, or saving your revence Ballocke Flower, hath two stones, and named Orchis, an other three stones, which is called Triorchia, with many spotted leaves, like a Snake. These be of kinds, 
Libr. iij. in Cap. 124.125 126.127.  Male, and Female, great & little, of both sorts. Some will have Satyrion, which you call Centurion & dogs stones, both one: but they do err, and mistake the matter, that make no distinction between them. For there is distance between them, by the judgement of the Eye: although that in virtue, they be not much unlike, and thus saith Petrus, Andraeas, Matthiòlus, upon Dioscorides and he doth prove it by this reason: the roots of Dogs stones be like other beasts stones, 
Satyrjs are beasts having a head like a man, & body like Goats and are named Gods of the woods, and they first found this herb of Venus, to stir up carnal lust.  they be long, two hanging one higher than the other, that which hangeth beneath is full, & will sink in water, the other stone is hollow, and will swim. And this conclusion did one master John Sharman, an ancient good practitioner of Norfolk, show me long since: but the stones of the Satire be round without green, within very white, when the rind is of, and swelled great, leaved like to the garden Lily, but smaller, bending to the ground: soon broken, and three leaves in number. Then there is an other of the kind of testiculi called Palma Christi, whose roots be like hands, with fingers Avicen calleth them golden fingers▪ and be of nature of the greater testicles. The greater testicles be hot & moist, and eaten, either in goats milk, Dia, or Syrup, they will provoke abundantly to Venus. But the little kind, eaten either whole or in powder, do quench, cool, and withstand the said Venus: and bringeth to dame nature, cold, trembling Saturn, which is cold & dry. But Galen saith, Satyrium or Satyrs stones, be hot and moist, sweet to taste upon, and do as the great testicles▪ and more abounduantly, and be good against running of the reins, and consumption. etc. given to the fantic body, or one whose sinews be weak in hand, in Polsy it helpeth them: The seed. ℈ i fine in powder drunk in wine, morning and evening, or dinner and supper, used a long time, healeth the falling evil. Nicolaus Florentinus saith, it helpeth the quartain, and it stoppeth the bloody flux, sodden in read wine, and healeth stinking ulcers, made in a Plaster. Diasatirion is made of this, which is of virtue most excellent, as appeareth in the compounds.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Ligusticum, called Lovage, with the long black seeds, and long white roots?  Hilarius 
THe herb is great, with large branches, 
Fuchsius.  stalk & leaves smelling much like to smallage, but much sweeter: it is called Ligusticum, because it was first found in Liguria, 
Liguria is a part of Italy from the hill Apeninus, unto the Tuscum Sea. Dios. li. 3. ca li  and we call it Lovage here in England, the Italians call it Ligustico: the root, herb, and seed, bruised and sodden in wine, or in the decoction of Ptisane, or Barley water, will cleanse the lungs, open the vessels of the urine, provoke terms, or secret infirmities, heal wounds: being sodden and applied to Phlegmon, or hardness in any outward member, the sore is made softer. 
Eritius Cordus calleth this common Angelica, but Manardus Epist. lib. xii. Epist. iiij doth call it Alexander. Ruellius calleth it Lovage Galen. lib. 7. simplici.  And warm applied in the manner of a plaster to the Belly of a Woman whose Child is dead, eftsoons it is sent forth from natures most secret Chamber. And the seed finely beaten in powder, put in to some wholesome thin broth, or wine of a piercing nature, doth scour the reins, cleanse the spleen▪ and amend the liver, expulseth the seconds after the birth of children, and driveth forth wind. Pliny saith, that the seeds will stop the belly, and is good against the biting of Serpents. etc. But the Seed eaten alone, provoke vomits, and sometime therefore, saith he, it must be given with rue, and so the seed is good for the dropsy. The roots sodden and the decoction drunk, is very wholesome for the Feminine kind, for the matrixe, belly, precordials, and breast: It warmeth and maketh good concoction. Thus I conclude of this Ligusticum. But Galen saith, there be two kinds of them, the one he calleth Smirnium: the other doth grow in the mount of Amano, called Hipposellinum, which is called smallage,  Marcellus. 
What say you to Apium, which is called smallage?  Hilarius. 
THis herb is named Hipposellinum, the great Persiley of Macedon, 
The virtue of smallage, Lovage, Alexander, Persiley is to open places, which st●p urine and wind.  which we name smallage: other say, it is Olus atrum, which is Alexander. Some call it Smyrnion, Marcellus and Brasavolus do seem either to mistake, or else untruly to report of this Hipposellinum. For they say the leaves be rough, and the root black: But Dioscorides Lib. iij. Cap. lxiiij. doth say, the root is white and sweet, the leaves be not rough. But Galen made very little distinction, between Hippofellinum, and Smyrnium: but this is one kind of Persiley, the horse Persiley, or the Mountain Persiley. Seseli, Smyrnium, Imperatoria, Elaphoboscum, and Alexander, 
The virtues of Persileis.  all these seem to be Perseleys. Some greater, and of more puissancy than other: some called wild, some tame. As garden Persiley, mountain water, wood, or hedge Perseley▪ etc. and all these have power both in root, stalk, leaf, and seed, to open the reins, bladder, and to be put in every antidotary, that moveth urine, breaketh stone, or cleanseth gravel. Or against colic, or stopping of the spleen, with abundance of melancholy. Sodden in oil any of these roots, or Seeds drunk, they cast out strong venom or poison: but the seed is the strongest part of the herb. They be good to be put into Clysters for the stone, or torment of the guts: and in pultases, for swelling of the legs or arms. And all these be good against the stinging of Serpents, and fevers: swelling in the stomach, or dropsy, both in plaster, Clyster, or drunk with clean white wine, or Ptisan.  Marcellus. 
There is a stinking weed called Dogs tongue, wherefore is the same weed good?  Hilarius. 
IT is no weed, but a very good herb, and is called Lingua Canis: Ruellius and Fuchsius do err saith that famous man Matthiolus upon Dioscorides, 
Cynoglossum. Dogstongue. But Licopsis is a kind of Dogstongue, and called Anchusis. Dioscorides. Lib. 4. Cap. 24.  in calling Dogstongue Lycopsin, for it is not so named, but Dogstongue. And there be ij. kinds of them, as saith Matthiolus in Dioscoridem, lib. 4. cap. 12●. which about Adryans' days the Emperor, were found in the sands, near unto Rome. This kind of Dogstongue, hath neither stalk, flower, nor seed, but out of one root, there springeth leaves, low by the ground, in the compass of a little we'll, like bean leaves, somewhat white, & with tender soft wool. This herb, saith Pet●us Andrea's Matthiolus, is like a widow having no children. But there is an other Dogstongue, which hath rough seeds, with pricks in the mids like unto Targets: which seed sodden and drunk, healeth tertians and quartens, and these smell like each other, and be cold and dry in the second degree. And stamped with old swines grease, do make a plaster for a Dogs biting: It healeth old and new cruent bloody wounds. And mingled with honey, it preserveth the hair from falling, and will quench burnings, tempered with Uynegar, and sodden in read wine, either drunk, or made in a plaster. It stoppeth the bloody flux, 
Fuchsius.  and restraineth gonorrhea, or distillation of the Seed, called nature, 
☞  ulcers, scabs, pox, or such like. But the first Dogstongue is the best to make Pills withal, for the rheum and Catarrh. Galen maketh no mention of this, but Dioscoris and others do.  Marcellus. 

Dios. li. 4. Cap. 127.  What is the virtue of Hippoglossum, which is called Laurus, or Horse tongue, as I have heard say, by one that read me a piece of Dioscorides?  Hilarius. 
THis herb, or small stirpe, is called Laurus Alexandrina, or Daphne, the english people call it the laxative Laureola. It dieth not in Winter, it shineth like ivy, or Bays, but is whitish. It beareth the berry within the leaves, read: it is hot and dry of nature. If. ℈ .4. or uj be sodden with Symphytum, called Cumphory, in Wine, and so strained and drunk, it will purge the belly. A little powder of this, is given to children in pottage, to take away the abundance of humidity, & kill worms. It maketh quick or speedy deliverance, in childbirth, seconds, and terms drunken three penny weight, two or three times saith Pliny: Galen affirmeth that it forceth urine. The leaves stamped, and bound to the head, 
Lib. 4. Ca 127  take away the pain, saith Dioscorides. With this herb, did that most noble victorious Alexander, sometime triumph, and his Captains, he wearing the Diadem. And sometime the best herb of this kind, did grow upon the Mountain Ida, near to the dolorous City of Troy in Phrigia.  Marcellus. 
What say you to Sanicula, called Diapensia, 
Savicula and quinquifolium  or the great five leaved leaves, and other five leaved herbs?  Hilarius 
AMong the herbs for wounds, this is much praised, and doth heal wounds equally, with any other healing flower, root, or leaf. The Tops of this herb, are not much unlike Straburies', somewhat whitish, and is called Sanicula a sanandis vulneribus, of healing wounds. 
Sanicle healeth wounds.  It groweth in dark places in May, and is bitter, hot, and dry in the second degree: the syrup or juice of this herb, is very good to be given to wounded men, Women, and children, in small Wine, or their other drink. For it taketh effect both to heal, both within and without the body: if it be applied hot, upon a swelling part or member, it will assuage the same speedily. The juice thereof is good also for Oxen, milche Kyene, 
Sanicle is good for Horses & Kyen.  and horses that be bruised, or wounded: given either in their drinks, or applied to the hurt member, or place. There is no speedier remedy to help the lungs, than this herb sodden, and the decoction drunk upon an empty stomach. And what soever Cumphorie, called Symphyton, can do in wounds, the same can Sanicle called Sanicula· It stoppeth the bloody flux, or helpeth him that hath taken to strong a purgation, and stoppeth the immoderate running of the reins: now besides this Diapensia, whereof we have spoken, there be her kinsfolks, called Pentaphillon, or Quinquefolium, which hath five leaves in number. There be three sorts of them, the great, the mean, and the little: these be commonly known rather by the forms among the common people, than by their singular goodness, which in deed they have. As Dioscorides saith. lib 4. Cap. 38. the roots well sodden, and the same decoction drunken, helpeth the tertian, and the Mouth washed warm with the same, and so kept in the mouth, it taketh the pains from the teeth, and stink, filth, and ulcers from the same, and is wholesome in a gargarism, 
A good gargarism, to wash the throat.  for pains in the throat. And if the leaves be well sodden, or the juice, with Endive or Planten water and the same drunk eight days, helpeth the yellow jaundice: in quotidians & quartens, this herb helpeth sodden in posset Ale. Also for the falling sickness, because it is hot and dry, in the third degree: sodden in Uinegar, it killeth a Tetter or ringworm, it healeth the fistula, tempered with Salt and Honey, and stamped together, and put into the place or hole: The syrup of this, drunk twelve times, healeth Angina, or swelling in the throat, and stoppeth the immoderate flux of the Belly, and terms.  

Fragraria Comaron or the Straubery, of the swee●e odour, so named.  Master Andrew Matthiolus, in his commentary upon Dioscorides, coupleth Fragraria, called Strauberies, with these five leaved herbs. Although the said Straubery have but three leaves, cold in the first degree, and dry the second. The leaves and roots, will heal Wounds and ulcers, and a flux of blood, and terms, it provoketh urine, and helpeth the liver. If they be sodden in clean white Wine, they do cleanse the reins and bladder: & will cleanse the mouth, and strength the teeth, when they be loose. The distilled water of Strauberies, will cleanse the dark mists of the eyen: and also quench heat in the face, 
To cleanse the face.  and take away read spots. And the same water is wholesome to delay Wine at dinner and supper, specially for choleric persons in Summer. The berry itself being ripe, is partly hot and dry, so some learned do affirm, but being not ripe, they be cold & dry. These ripe berries strawed into clean clarified Honey, and put in the powder of white Pepper, 
For a short wind.  do help them, which have short wind, and pain or straightness in their breast or do use much sighing, saith Paulus Aegineta. There be two kinds of Strauberies, the greater, and the lesser. Also Rubus idaeus, allow Bramble, called Ribs, or Raspes. a berry like to the Straubery: these berries stop a flux, sodden in read Wine, and drunk oftentimes. Nothing may be compared to them in that case, and they quench saint Antony's fire. The leaves stamped, 
For to heal the hemorrhoids.  saith Dioscorides. Lib. 4. Cap. 34. do heal the hemorrhoids, to anoint the place therewith: and also the virtue is to cleanse and dry. And this fruit or leaf, doth heal the sores in the mouth, and do close wounds new made with any weapon: and this fruit stamped, and applied plaster ways to the stomach, helpeth presently Cardiaca passio, and hot pains in the stomach, 
For Cardiaca passio.  and the burning pains of the eyes, when the said eyes be almost start forth, as they term them, through great vomits, fall, footebaule, leaping. etc. And they also kill these foul ulcers, that creep through the skin, growing upon the head. The flowers of them, with fine clarified Honey, put into the eye, do clear the sight, and quench heat, and dry up water contained in them. 
For read eyen.  And of these Ribs called Raspis, be two kinds, the one with sharp pricks, which be not so effectual and good, as the other with tender pricks. And thus I end of these berries, which have the virtue of the Mulberry. 
Dioscorides. being an Heathen man, served his prince in battle, and yet learned the knowledge of herbs: But many professing the name of Christ, will neither serve 〈…〉 one, or learn the other, servants to idleness, & abusers of tyme.  And thus doth that old famous Egyptian knight and most learned man in herbs that ever was, without all comparison, called Phacas or Dioscorides write, he was subject to Cleopatra the queen of Egypt, and to Antonius, and learned to know herbs in their kinds most truly, and commended these herbs and berries aforesaid, whose works be greatly advanced, and most cunningly handled now, by that famous learned Physician Petrus Andraeas Matthiolus Senensis. Anno salutis. 1558.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Arum, which we in English call Cockowepintell? And some call it the burning herb, or dragon's mace?  Hilarius. 
THis herb is commonly known, it groweth in the Springetime, 
Aron called Cuckoo prick.  leaved like Dragons, in moist and dry places, and of natuure is hot and dry in the first degree, and so it is without doubt in the third degree. The virtue of this Leaf, Seed, or root, tempered with cows dung, is good to make a plaster against the Gout, saith Dioscorides. Pliny saith the seeds thereof finely beaten in powder & tempered with clean oil, help the soreness of the ear dropped in, the juice healeth polipus in the nose: and mingled with clean Honey, it cleanseth the darkness of the eyes: and sodden hot with oil, it healeth hemorrhoids, as Pliny saith, as I have proved the virtue thereof often times.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Maydenhayre, Called Tricomanes?  Hilarius. 
IT is an herb between hot and dry, if it be sodden in Wine, 
Maiden hair.  it breaketh the stone: it cleanseth the matrixe, bringeth down the seconds, as Dioscorides and Galen say, the syrup of this helpeth the spleen and lungs, the best doth grow upon hard rocks. Great plenty groweth about Chiveat hills in the North, called Ordo Lucis: so doth Ad●antum, which is of the same virtue.  Marcellus. 
THat herb which you do call Symphytum or Cumphory, you said before, Saniculum is equal with it. By this I do gather that this Cumphory is then equal with Saniculum. Wherein is their equality, in savour, taste, or other virtues, I pray you tell me?  Hilarius 
Neither like in form nor taste. 
Symphytum. Solidago. Cumphory. Consolida. of the healing a comfortable herb so named.  First in form the leaves be like bugloss, yea, or rather to Solanum, called the great night shade leaves, the roots great and black without, and white within, flowers yellow. Secondly, the savour and taste not pleasant, but the virtues agreed in this point, to heal wounds, yea broken bones, because they have power to draw forth, and also to glue the separated flesh together: it groweth in Rocks, even so doth it in Gardens, it is of two kinds. etc. and is hot and dry in the second degree. This herb will draw forth filth from the Lungs, if it be sodden in sweet Water, and so drunk. And will effectually stop the bloody flux in men, and menstrual terms, when they do abound in women immoderately. 
To heals broase, or a fall.  This herb assuredly doth heal men, when they be fallen from some high place, if the fall be not deadly. The like it doth to all manner of beasts. Chirurgens cannot miss it. Consider also, that there is a lesser kind of Symphytum, of the third sort called Connsolida minor, which is of the virtue of healing, both within and without the body, and for all broken bones, and doth heal foul sores in the pudent, or secret places of men & Women. These be sovereign medicines in meats for the wounded men. These be herbs of great virtues, and excellent in goodness for mankind: 
Consolido to heal,  and may well proceed of the verb Consolido, of healing the which was broken, or joining together things separated, to comfort or make them safe, either in Oil, Salve, Plaster▪ etc. And thus I do end of this Symphytum.  Marcellus 
What is the nature of an herb, called Scylla or Squilla, or the Sea Onion?  Hilarius. 
THere be two kinds, which of nature be hot and dry, in the second degree: and yet of a marvelous nature. For the outward rind is very hot and bitter, and the core is very cold: therefore they must be cast both away, after the said Scylla is either roasted, baken, or sodden. For else it is evil, and hurtful to nature, and thus it must be prepared. Cut of the leaves, which be like unto the leaves of Aloes, but not so groase. The fruit is as great as a boy's head, of Scylla which is the greatest kind. 
Goodly medicines be made both of Squilla, and of Pancras, which is the great and lesser sea Onions.  The second kind is lesser, of the bigness of a great Onion or a Pear, and is called Pancras, these both spring or bring forth their yellow flowers three times in the year: and in the Canicular days, roost it under the coals in a Paper, until it be soft, or else bake it in Clay, or else seethe it in shift of waters, until the water leave bitterness, then take it forth and let it dry in a shadowy or dark place, covered with a clean Linen cloth than you may put to it Oximell, that is clean Honey clarified, and sharp Uinegar sodden together, which is called Oximell simplex: and when the Scylla and this hath stand together in a close double glass in the Sun, all the Canicular days, or else to make more speed, all that is contained within this glass have been sodden together, set it in a vessel with hot boiling water, than it is called Oximell Scillitici which is of great virtue. This Oximell is good to be eat of them which have pains in the head, coming of cold, or for them which be smitten with the fearful sickness, called the Falling evil, or Morbus comitialis, with oppilation in the head. It also is good for cold rotten Coughs, and stinking breaths, and chief for short winds in the spirable parts. It helpeth to assuage the swelling of the Spleen, or the dolour therein: and casteth out filth from the guts, that causeth pain and tormenting wind in them. But beware if any bile, or festered sore be in the guts, then use it not to much. And it killeth small Worms in the breast, and also cleanseth the reins and bladder, moving urine, and healeth the yellow jaundice. The wine thereof if it be sodden in wine, after it is prepared, provoketh urine, and cleanseth the reins, and is good against Dropsies. The oil is good against the Palsy, and coldness of the joints, or trembling, for the Spleen, and coldness of the Brain or feet. The vinegar cleanseth the inward parts, 
To heal ringworms and Tetters.  and also killeth Tetters, ringworms, and Itch in the Skin.  
The seed beaten into powder, and eaten with honey, doth cleanse the Belly. Truly this is an herb of great virtue, 
To heal ring worms and tetters.  as saith Hypocrates. li. ij. Cap. 167. and Galen. li. viii. Simplicium medicamentorum. and is called the Onion of the Sea. And his Root maketh a mollifying emplastrum, to make warm and soft a hard cold sore, coming of Melancholy, or cold and dry matter.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of the Marigold, with golden yellow flowers  Hilarius. 
THe Marigold, named Caltha or Calendula, because it flourisheth all the kalends of the year: and is also named Solsequium, because it openeth his Flower, 
Marigolds.  and turneth round all the day after the Sun, and closeth in his golden beams at night. This herb needeth no further description, it is so commonly known, and is hot and dry, the flowers will change the hair, and make it yellow. 
To move Sweat.  And this herb sodden in wine, drunk warm, moveth sweat, and provoketh terms menstrual, specially the flowers of this herb, or the Syrup. Perfumes of the same, will do the like: the smoke of them to be made in a close subfumigation, will do the same. The juice warm, put into the mouth, helpeth the teeth if the aching come of cold.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Nigella Romana?  Hilarius. 
THis is called Melanthium, which you do name Nigella: for Dioscorides doth remember this herb in, 
Nigella.  Libro tertio. Capit. lxxviij calling it Githe, like poppy. It hath black seeds, the leaves much like Coriander: the knops wherein the seed do grow, in the top have little horns, and is hot and dry in the third degree. Brose it, and smell thereunto, put it in a Linen cloth, and hold it to the nose in the morning, and it will stop a cold revine: temper it with vinegar, and it will take away headache applied thereunto Even so it kyleth Worms in the Belly, applied thereunto plaster ways, mingled with an Ox gaul: & the juice dropped into the eye, healeth a disease called Epiphora, which is dropping of them. It is good for to drink, to cleanse the Lungs, purge terms, put away wind and colic, and kill worms. etc. Drunk in wine, by the reason of the bitterness, it maketh way and quick passage for the urine: and skowreth clean the bladder, except the stone be confirmed in it. 
Against poison.  It taketh pains in the mouth, and teeth away. Received in warm with vinegar, it prevaileth against poison, as eating of a Spider, or any venom: and drunk in wine or whey certain days, it will draw milk into the Breasts of women, cleanse and increase the same: with many other singular virtues, as Dioscorides, Galen, Pliny, and Simeon Sethi affirm. 
Of Opium made of black Poppy.  And wild Cocle that groweth in Corn, is of the same kind: and the juice may be pressed forth, as Opium, and preserved to medicine to cause sleep.  Marcellus. 
What virtue hath poppy, I pray you  Hilarius. 
THere is wild Poppye, leaved like Rocket, & flowered like Rose: it groweth in corn, the seed red, and is cold near hand in the fourth degree, 
Of poppy wild and tame.  Dioscorides affirmeth, if this be sodden in water and applied to the head, or drunk, it reconsileth sleep. It also quencheth S. Anthony's fire. called Sacerignis, or shingles, made in a plaster with Oil of Roses & Vinegar. Acacia & this sodden together in read wine do stop the bloody flux and terms, which behard to be stopped. But this herb maketh the memory very dull, to use it much: but saffron, Mirth and the Oil of Bitter Almonds, tempered with the juice thereof, warm, put into the deaf ear, bringeth hearing, if it be not incurable. Rose water, woman's milk, and the white of an Egg beaten together put into the eyes, doth take away dimness, 
A medicine for sore eyes very excellent  burning, redness, and swelling from them, and cleareth the sight. Now the great Poppye, called Papaver of the Garden, which in Greek is named Mecon there be of two kinds, white & black in their seeds and Flowers, the white is best for it hath all the virtues, & many more than I have written of the wild Poppye. 
white Poppy is the best.  And the seed is good to be tempered with meat, to make bread, to give to them that can not sleep: to be put into Milk and so eaten, at night, it stoppeth the belly Opium is made of Black Poppy, which is cold, and is used in sleeping medicines: but it causeth deep deadly sleeps. And thus I do end of poppy wild, and tame.  Marcellus. 
What is Coriander of nature?  Hilarius. 
CORION called in Greek, Coriandrum in latten, and beareth a round seed, 
Coriander.  like in form to a worm called Corus or Crinex: this herb is commonly known, and is cold saith Dioscorides lib. 3. cap 62. It healeth S. Anthony's fire, Carbuncles, & such like, burning things, but Galen observing more diligently the nature of this herb, whose judgement the greatest number of the wisest, & best learned do follow until this day, doth affirm in Lib. viii. cap 4. the compositione medicamen, 
Galen doth descent in this place, from Dioscorides, in the nature of Coriander.  that it is altogether hot, & saith he Si Coriandrum strumas dissoluit, quonam igitur pacto frigidum erit? that is, saith Galen, if Coriander do dissolve or waste the kurnels in the throat, called the kings Evil, By what means then shall it be cold? for it is not possible that such gross hard things should be wasted of cold things. But this doth both waist and as Simeo Sethi affirmeth, the seeds eaten with, or after meat▪ do warm the stomach, and retain the meat until it be almost concocted. Therefore the conclusion must be needs true, 
Plini. lib. natu. hist. li x●. c●p. xx.  that it is hot and dry. Pliny writeth to Marcus Varro Coriander beaten in powder, & mingled with Uinegar, doth preserve flesh from corruption in Summer:  
But the virtue is in the seeds steeped with vinegar & dried. But to drink much of the juice of the herb, doth take away the speech, or causeth madness: thus I end of this Coriander.  Marcellus. 
What is Foenigraece, commonly called Fenicricke?  Hilarius. 
THis herb is like three leaved grass, 
Dioscor. lib ij cap. xcv.  and the seed groweth in a long Cod. The meal or powder, of the seed of Foenigreeke called Fenecrike, hath virtue to mollify. Sodden in sweet water, it quencheth both within and without any inflammation of the body. The same being sodden in sharp vinegar & Niter, applied warm to the left side, assuageth the dolour and pain of the Spleen. Even so it doth the like to the liver, having Oil of Roses mingled therewith: 
Tenasmus.  this seed is used in many mollifying plasters. The decoction drunk, and the seed applied to the belly, doth help Tenasmus, which is a desire to go to the stool, and cannot, or a stinking flux. 
Flegmon.  And the oil doth cleanse spots and scars in the flesh or skin where as wounds have been, and helpeth Flegmon, which is an impostimation of blood coming of heat above nature, gathered into some place of the body, and is hot in the second degree, and dry in the first, saith Galen libro. viii. Simpl. medicament. 
Master Luke of London.  Of Foenigreke is an excellent Fomentum made for the iyen, that be sore or dim: which I have seen master Luke make, which is an excellent man, in the cure or Regiment for the eyes.  Marcellus. 
What say you then of Flax?  Hilarius. 
Known of every body, but there be two kinds of Flax, 
Flax.  the wild Flax is not good: the common sown Flax, is good & profitable for linen cloth, without which we shallbe like beasts, both at board and bed. Linen is comely both for men & specially for women, and more commendable in the temple than holly, and is called in Greek Lynon, and our enlglishe word is Linen, the Latin Linum, much like to each other in name. Galen saith. lib. 7. simplic. medica. The seed of Flax is hoar and moist in the first degree, yet somewhat drying in the midst: it hath virtue to mollify ripe, and break Apostumes, if it be made in meal tempered in swines grease and Mallow tootes, warm applied, in the manner of a Plaster. It is used in many medecins, and Clysters, with oil of Roses, to cleanse sharp costife humours: but it will make the belly to swell, if it be used in the manner of meat, yet it will stir up Venus, if it be eaten with pepper and honey. 
The virtue of lint Oil.  The decoction thereof is wholesome to cleanse, mollify and rypen the apostimations in the secret places of women so diseased or pained. The Oil that cometh thereof hath many virtues: as for Printers to make their Ink of, for Painters, to temper their colours with, and for varnishing of boards: for the Armourer in making clean Harnisse, and weapons, and Lamps. Flax Oil, washed in iiii, or vi shifts of clean cold water with a stick, until it turn white, them with a Spoon taken forth, for it will swim ever aloft, this will heal burnings, scaldings, & hot inflammations. This Oil mollyfyeth hard sores, and is good for bone setters, for to strength the Sinews, joints, and bones, for convulsion, hemorrhoids. etc. And if it be drunk after poison, it will cast it forth by vomittes, and cleanseth the stomach. Flax being fine, is used with Repercussives, as with Bolearmony, and whites of Eggs. Without flax, Chirurgeons, can not work, nor help the eyes except fine flax be in it.  Marcellus. 
THere is an herb, which light fellows, merrily will call Gallowgrasse Neckweede, or the Tristrams knot, or Saint Audres lace, or a bastard brother's badge, 
Neckweede.  with a difference on the left side. etc. you know my meaning.  Hilarius. 
WHat, you speak of Hemp? mary you ferme it with many pretty names. I never heard the like terms given to any simple, 
Hemp.  as you give to this, you call it neckweede. A, well, I pray you would you know the property of this Neckweede in this kind being changed into such a lace? This is his virtue. Sir if there be any younkers troubled with Idleness & loitering, having neither Learning nor willing Hands to labour: or that have studied Physic so long that he or they can give his master's purse a Purgation, 
Many good medicines made of hemp.  or his Chest, Shop. and Countinghouse a strong vomit, yea, if he be a very cunning practitioner in false accounts, he may so suddenly, and cashlye minister, 
Perilous practitioners. be here described.  that he may smite his father, his Master or his friend. etc. into a sudden incurable consumption, that he or they shall never recover it again, but be utterly undone, and cast either into miserable poverty, prisonment, bankroute. etc. If this come to pass, than the best reward for this practitioner, is this Neckweede. If there be any swashbuckler, common thief, ruffian, or murderer past grace, the next remedy is this lace or Cord. For them which never loved concord, 
A quick. medicine.  peace, nor honesty, this will end all the mischief, this is a purger not of Melancholy, but a final banisher of all them that be not fit to live in a common wealth, no more than foxes among sheep, or Thistles among good Corn, hurters of true people. This hemp I say, passeth the new diet, both in force and antiquity. If young wantonness whose Parents have left them fair houses, goods, and lands, which be viciously, idly, unlearnedly, yea or rather beastly brought up, after the death of their said parents, their fruits will spring forth which they have learned in their wicked youth: 
The misery of vnthri●tes seemeth plea●saunt but shame & pain is the end.  then banquets and brotheles will approach, the harlots will be at hand with delights and enticements. the Bawd will do her diligence, robbing not only the purses, but also the hearts of such young men, which when they be trapped, can never scape, one among an hundredth until Hemp breaketh the band among these loitering lovers. The Dice which be both small and light, in respect of the Coluering or double Cannon shot or Bollet, yet with small force and noise can mine, break down, destroy, and cast away their own masters, houses, fair fields, pleasant woods, & all their money, yea friends, and altogether, this can the Dice do. And moreover can make of worshipful borne gentlemen miserable Beggars or thieves, yet for the time aloft sirs, hoygh child & turn thee, what should youth do else? I wis not live like slaves or peasants, but all golden, glorious, may with dame Venus, my hearts delight say they. What a sweet heaven is this? have at all, Kockes Wounds, Blood and nails, cast the house out of the window, and let the Devil pay the Malt man, a dog hath but a day, a good ●ariage will recover all together: or else with a Barnardes' Blow, lurki●ge in some Lane, wood, or hill top, to get that with falsehood in an hour, which with truth, labour, and pain, hath been gathered and toiled for perhaps xx. years to the utter undoing of some honest family. Here thou seest gentle Marcellus, a miserable Tragedy of a wicked shameless life: I need not bring forth the example of the Prodigal Child. Luke. xuj. Chapter, which at length came to grace: It is, I fear me in vain, to talk of him, whose end was good, 
The innocent sometime dieth in the eyes of man most miserably.  but a great number of these, flee from grace, and come to ends most ungracious, finishing their lives only by this Hemp: Although sometime the innocent man dieth that way, through perjury for his own proper goods, as Naboth died for his own vinyeard, miserable in the eyes of the World, but precious in the sight of God. This is one service which hemp doth.  
Also this worthy noble herb Hemp, called Cannabis in Latin, 
The consideration of Hemp in Physic.  can not be wanted in a common wealth: no Ship can sail, without Hemp the sail clotheses, the shrouds, stays tackles, yard lines, warps, & Cables can not be made without it. No plough nor cart can be without ropes, halters▪ trace. etc. The fisher and Fouler must have hemp to make their nets. And no Archer can want his Bowstring: and the Maltman must have it for his sacks. With it the bell is rung to service in the Church, with many more things profitable, which are commonly known of every emanne to be made of hemp. Now furthermore there be two kinds of Hemp, the wild which is hot and dry in the second degree, and is called Te●minalis stamped with Oil of wormewoord, and warm applied to the Belly, it doth assuage swelling, and with swines grease, the same doth ripe apostumes of sores. This wild hemp hath leaves like to the Garden hemp, but roots and seeds like unto Mallows. 
Hemp will kill worms.  The Garden sown hemp is also hot & dry Plini lib. xx. cap. twenty-three. This herb and seed sodden, & strongly pressed, or the juice strained, and powered upon the earth, doth not only bring forth worms for Fishers▪ but also dropped into the ears, doth kyl worms that be crept into them. And Galen lib. seven. simplicium medicamentorum saith: that to eat much of the seed, doth dry up the seed of Generation, & is an adversary to the head and bringeth evil humours. Simeon Sethi saith: 
Hemp quencheth natural seed.  it drieth seed as much as doth Camphire, and is hard of digestion, and hurteth as Coriander doth that is immoderately eaten, which bringeth madness. How be it the seed or leaves sodden, and warm applied to the hands or feet, do help against the contraction, or shrinking of Sinews, which cometh of cold and is helped through the heat of this herb And all singing birds which be plentiful in laying of Eggs, they rejoice greatly in Hemp seed, as in their chief delicious food. And thus I have no more to say, but to answer to the next question my dear fellow and Friend Marcellus.  Marcellus. 
Now I pray you, what is Barley of nature?  Hilarius 
COmmonly known 〈◊〉 all this Realm, it is the mother of the best Malt, 
Hordium. Barley.  whero● both Bear and Ale is made: there is Barire double, or with four set, and single two set The greatest and whitest is best, and it is cold and dry in the first degree: and doth not nourish so much as Wheat. Of this Barley, being hulled and cleansed from the rind, beaten or broken, is made the noble drink called Ptisana: apound being put into ten pounds of Clean water, sodden unto half, 
P●ison made of Barley, will quench choler  into a stone pot, or tynned vessel, close in the mouth, standing until it be cold, and then let it run through a strainer, and so drink simple of this, for it will quench hot burning Choler above nature, in vehement fevers. You may put in the feeds of white Poppy, and Lettuce not only to cool, but also to reconcile sleep to the afflicted with the Fever to cleanse corruption of the Lungs, and hoarseness, with shortness of wind Put in Figs, Liquoris, Annisseedes, Reysynges of the Sun, and a little Hyssop with Sugar: seethe all, and let it stand close until it be cold, and strain it with a strainer, and so drink thereof, for the foresaid shortness of wind. 
To help the lungs.  Seethe Barley meal, Lint seed, and Fenegreke seed, and the juice of Rew with Malmesye, warm applied to the belly, will put away swelling and pains in the guts. The meal thereof sodden in vinegar, will assuage the hot burning gout: and this is good against all hot inflammations of the body. And seethe Barley in Honey, Rosen, and the juice of Chelidon, and it will heal an old rotten sore. With Oil and fenugreek, meal, 
Against inflammation heat, or swellings in the body.  it will assuage the swelling of the precordal or stomach. Melilote, Poppy and honey tempered together, do help the swelling heat of the Privy members, pains of the sides or Flesh, which is gone from the bone with many other goodly virtues, which Barley hath as affirmeth Dioscor. lib. ij. Cap. lxxix. & Galen lib. j de aliment. facult. and Theoph. lib viii. Cap. de plant●rum Historia. 
The bread & drink of the poor be the life of the needy: and he that taketh it away from them is a murderer.  Barley is the Principal vine grape of England, that our Malt is made upon. And mother of our Bear and Ale, which Malt in the time of our extreme need, hath been sold away into foreign realms by certain old known thieves called Humber, and Lin haven with their branches: from Cambryge, S. jews, & Milden haule, Thetford and Brandon ferry & also Yermouth in Norfolk, I pray god amend the market, & stay such practices, that for the private commodity of a few, a great multitude be not famished. And now what have you else to say.  Marcellus. 
IN the eight leaf of Simples, you speak but a little of Barley and also of Beans and Pease, but smallly to the purpurpose, to mine instruction. Therefore show me a little more of their natures, because I am a rural man of the country▪ and love Pease and beans, and as I hear tell, many good medicines be made of them to help in the time of Sickness. I have good plenty of them, more than any other Apothecary stuff.  Hilarius. 
FABA called Beans among pulse be very windy, 

A more larger description of Beans and Pease.  
Pythagoras' ●ayed thus: Faba abstineto that is abstain from Beaves. Pliny & Tully say, be cause of the engendering of gross humours he forbade them Aristoxenes. and Empedocles affirm that by abstaining from Beans he meant Lechery or filthy lusts.  
Plutarch sayeth that it was to beware, to be in office. in a common wealth be cause it is soperilious For cods swelled.   and bring grievous dreams. Pythagoras would not suffer his Scholars to eat them: be like terrible infernal dreams did follow, which did hurt the wit, and the eye sight. They be cold and dry in the first degree, I need not describe them: every man knoweth them. Being well sodden with Mints, they do stop vomittes and the flux, if the first water wherein they be sodden, be cast away, and then ye seethe them in the second, so they be less windy and hurtful. bean Meal, called Lomentum, by itself▪ or with Barley Meal and Vinegar doth quench inflammations, and mollify hot hard Apostumations, and the Gout, sodden which swines grease. This meal drieth up wounds, & milk in the paps or breasts of women. Temper it with fenugreek and honey, than it will heal Furunculum, called a Felon, and it doth the like to bushes, in any part of the body. Temper this meal with white frankincense, the white of an Egg, and Rose water: this helpeth sore swelled or dropping eyen. And this tempered with oil and vinegar, doth assuage the swelling of the cods of men and boys, warm applied unto them. This meal doth cleanse the face of women, washed therewith, tempered in cold milk at night. & strain it through a cloth twenty times, and let it dry on. And in the morning with a hard Linen cloth softly wet in cold water and Milk, strike or wipe the face therewith, and keep it from the Sun, like good huswives' spinning a thread of small thrift until night for their labour: Marry then if they will a mornings, rake in two. or three Reisynges, half a dram of yellow Alows then flusshing will the sooner departed from the face, by that means of opening the Liver and specially if it be in summer. I refer the worthy consideration of this Beans to Galen lib. seven. simplicium medic. Although he thereto I have not only alleged him, but other as Dioscor. lib. ij. cap. xcviij. which by him in Greek is called Cyamos, 
Beans in the old time were used for lots  in deed they will partly move Venus' lust. And in thold time the general assent & consent, as in a parliaments, elections or quests, were all declared by beans. The white beans did grant or affirm, and the Black beans did denay or refuse: And this manner doth still continued, in many places of Europe. As in that most worthy rich, and noble city called Venice, which began Anno. a partu virgins. 54. 
When Venice first began.  Of a fearful number of people which fled from the cruel hands of a famous Tyrant Called Attila, the King of Hungary, who broke into italy, & destroyed many places, & among all the most ancient city, & chief mart of Europe, called Aquileia, which is now of no estimation. Of this lost city, be these venetians come, which have used hitherto to number with beans. The most worthy, noble, learned, and valiant Family of the Romans, whereof took they their names, 
The old Romans were more humble than the new Romans. & late Popes, in keeping names of bafeltitles.  I pray you? Of any noble old city, as Thebes Troy. etc. Or of any valiant beast, as a Lion, Tiger, Panther. etc. Not forsooth. They took their names only of poor Beans: Fabius Portius, and their worthy ancestors were sowers and sellers of Beans, and keepers of swine, and for their virtues, were advanced, and kept still their names. Although the sacred Uickar of Satan, called the Pope, kept not his old name: as example. If he be christened Mark, Laurence, Cornelius. etc. Well when he is degenerated, or triple mitred, than he is new named, Leo, Clement, Paulus, Boniface. etc. A very Anabaptiste, or ashamed of his name received in Baptism. Welfare the old Ethnic Romans, which excelled the new counterfeit Christian Romans, which were not ashamed to have Base names, as Fabius had of Beans and Cicero of a Fytche or Tare, took his name, 
The time of Cicero.  and for eloquence, his like was never found: and was before Christ's incarnation forty years. Piso that ancient name of a noble family of the Romans, took their name only of Peson: whose parents were plowmen, 
Of base parents spring noble children  and sellers of Pease.  
Therefore of Pease, let us say some thing of their properties, and virtues more than we have declared in lib. Simplic. And first from whence they came, and why they be called Pease, and in Greek Pison, in Latin Pisum. The first spring of them was most plentiful in Greek in a Country called Peloporensus, 
Pease came first from Piso in Greece.  in which was a noble city named Piso, by the river of Alpheus. About which city every five years, the nobles and most worthy Grecians, did prove all manner of maisteryes, and made triumphs, pastimes, and plays, in the honour of jupiter Ovid ij. de arte: Lo, this Pease came from Piso, and be now in the most part of Europe, aswell as among the Grecians. And of nature they be of a mean temperament, cold and drying, and in all points like unto Beans, but not so windy: and more better for nourishing the body, and more cleansing the belly, saith, Galen, and Paulus is also of the same mind. Let both Pease and beans be well watered, hulled and tenderly sodden, 
the best pease pottage,  in shyst of waters, before you do eat them, & drawn through a Colender or strainer with Onions, Mints, & Pepper. sodden with them. than they will not hurt the stomach, or move wind, but cleanse the reins, and make fatness, increase with seed of generation.  
tars do the same, and nourish Milk, cleanse the Liver, Gaul, spleen, reins, & the Mouth of the Bladder: sodden in wine, or with diuritike, or opening herbs as parsley. etc. Theophrastus commendeth them. lib. viii. Cap. v de historia. plantarum, the white be the best. There is thanks be given to God, no small plenty of beans, pease, fitches and tars, growing in England: both white and grey pease, the like of the Beans, to the great comfort of men, 
A practice of Inholders & their horse stealers.  horse and swine: Although many Inkepers with their ostler's, through a cast of legerdemain, can make a peck of Draff and Beans, buy three Bushels of clean pease or Beans, whereby the poor Hackney horse if he cold speak, as well as Balams Ass did, might call his host knave for his labour, and wish the Pillory to be his ghostly Father. For although an horse do both lack money in his purse, and reasonable wit in his head: yet without all doubt, he is the best bond slave, in the common wealth, and lest can be forborn, as it appeareth in his service, 

A horse is a good servant & taketh most pains for man of any living beast.  
Pease growing on the one accord, without sowing where no earth but stones was.   both in war and peace. etc. And saying his drink is so good cheap, it is villayny to rob him of his meat. For of all creatures, he suffereth most pain in body: but I will meddle no further in stable matters, but end of that, which I have taken in hand, that is of Pease Anno salutis. 1555. in a place called Orford in Suffolk, between the Haven and the main sea. whereas never plough came: nor natural earth was, but stones only, infinite thousand ships laden in that place, there did pease grow, whose roots were more than three sadome long, and the cods, did grow upon clusters like the chats or keys of ash trees, bigger than fitches', and less than the field peason, very sweet to eat upon, and served many poor people dwelling there at hand, which else should have perished for hunger, the scarcity of bread was so great. In so much that the plain poor people did make very much of Acorns, & a sicnes of a strong fever did sore molest the commons that year, the like whereof was never hard of there. Now whether thoccasion of these peason & providence of god came through some shipwreck with much misery or else by miracle, I am not able to determine thereof: but sown by man's hand they were not, nor like other Pease. 
Of Oats called Auena. or Bromos.  And thus I do end of Pease beans and tars which be good for man, horse, swine, geese, & hens.  
And now I shall answer you of Oats which in Greek are named Bromos, & Auena in Latin: they be wild and tame of nature, sown in March and ripe before mid August. 
Oats do cleanse the Lungs.  And of Temperament they be cold in medicines, and are of the same virtue that Barley is in cleansynges, and in plassters they have the same effect also. They partly warm and dry inwardly: thus saith Galen lib. seven. simplicium medicamentorum, are of a binding virtue against the flowing of the Guts, and are good against Coughs, or foulness of the Lungs. And Pliny saith lib. xxij. cap. xxv. Oats sodden in Vinegar do take away molles, blains or spots. And Oats are a good grain in the common wealth, for men, horse, and fowls, as they have little other bread in many places of Wales, and Darbishyre. In Northumberland, horse have as great plenty to eat of them, 
Plenty of O● in Northumberland  as men have in most places of this realm either Wheat or Rye, for their own food. And in the north this grain is called Haver, the Southern people call them Oats, the It aliens, Vena, the French Auoine, the Arabians Cartamum, or Churtal: and thus I have ended of Beans, Pease, Oats and fitches, my friend Marcellus.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Wheat whereof our bread is made which is our common food, and best grain.  Hilarius. 
THe Greeks do call Wheat Pyro, many years before the name of Triticum was found: which is Latin for Wheat. Triticum vero dicitur, 
Tritticum. Wheat, or our bread.  quod tritum ex spicis sit. It is called wheat, for that it is threshed, or broken from the Eires wherein it groweth) as saith Marcus Varro. The kinds be well known both read and white wheat, the tasseled o● long eared wheat, and the naked or polled Wheat. The time, manner, and place of Sowing, Reaping, Thressinge, Gryndinge, Baking, and eating, is naturally known throughout all this realm. Even so the ingrossive keeping until it corrupt, and selling it in to other foreign realms, is known to them, who neither fear god, obey their Prince, or love their neighbour. And the natural complexion of Wheat, is hot in the first degree, used in plasters. Wheat meal tempered with the juice of Henbane, doth stop the flux of the Sinews, and the inflammation of the Guts, as saith Dioscorides Lib. ij Cap. lxxviij. The Bread that is leavened, is better to make a plaster for the stomach, than the meal. The juices of Mints. Reu, Sage, 
To feed of Bran, maketh a man lean but flower bringeth fatness.  wormwood. etc. be good to mingle with meal, or crumbs of bread in Plasters for pained stomachs, put in vinegar. A plaster of the Bran with vinegar, and the juice of sour Pomegranates, warm applied to the belly, doth stop the flux, and swelling in the guts. Many goodly virtues belong to Wheat, the Bran nourisheth little, & bread wherein much Bran is left, 
Meal and Wax have made great merchants at Rome.  shall make the common feeder thereof lean. And the pure meal nourisheth, and maketh fatness to increase: of fine meal, Starch is made. etc. The kingdom of Antichrist hath not a little enriched itself, by Meal and Wax: they have sold them dear. And many a man hath lost his life, by constantly affirming, 
The very Divynes & Dunsmen did never agreed generally.  that meal would only be changed into bread, but not into flesh. The determination thereof, I leave to the learned Divines, but not to the Dunsmen, whose distinctions ma●al, in the chiefest point in our religion. etc.  
And yet more of Wheat, this precious grain and corn Theophrastus. lib. seven. cap iiij. doth name in many places of the diversity of Wheat: as Aphrica Thracia, Pontus, Assiria, and, Egypt. etc. And in all these places, Wheat doth differ in shape, colour, greatness, he writeth marvelously of the kinds of Wheat. He observeth the nature of every soil and land, and of the mantions under Heaven, and the climattes, and saith in Asia beyond the Country of the black Trions, the Wheat grains be as big as green olives, 
The sundry kinds & matures of wheat.  which be as big as Nutmegs. The Sun and the soil is of such virtue, and more prodigious wonders writeth he of Wheat. Pliny. lib xviij. cap ujj. of all Wheat in the World, there is none to be compared in goodness unto the Wheat of Italy, for whiteness and weight. In Spain there is little Wheat but the Wheat which they have is very clean, & there bread as white as the mean bread of York, Well, I have sufficiently written of bread in his place: Wheat will turn and degenerate out of his kind, and be changed into Darnel. Specially in weate years, so saith Matthiolus in Discordis. lib. ij cap. lxxviij. 
Wheat will degenerate out of kind▪ that is from Wheat to Darnell.  I have seen the like in a Fe●ld named hely, in a town called Kelshal in Suffolk. There be tongues and Irons made accordingly, which being made very hot, do press forth the Oil of Wheat, which will heal vicers and wounds, and all chaps, and open places in the hands, Lips and feet, through the sharpness of the North wind in March: Plasters of Meal, Leaven. Salt, Uinegar, Butter & Oil of Roses tempered together, warm made in a Plaster upon Leather, and applied to the breast, or any place of him, which hath fallen from some high place, 
A plaster for a brosed body  if he be curable, it healeth him, giving him unguentum potabile to drink, and roll the patient with a long roller or towel, and thus I do end of Wheat, the most precious and best grain, for the food of mankind, & is our daily bread:  Marcellus. 
What be the lupines which the Greeks call Thermos'  Hilarius. 
THey be like beans, having seven leaves. 
lupines.  somewhat like bears foot, and are commonly known: whose Meal mingled with honey or licked up, or drunk, doth cast worms out of the belly. And made in a plaster, and applied to the belly, it doth the like to children: sodden in Vinegar, it helpeth the kings evil, being made in plaster. And also doth break a pestilence sore, laid on warm. 
To kill worms wi●h lupines.  And seethe lupines in rain water until they be wasted, strain this water, and when it is cold wash thy face and it will cleanse it from foulness and spots. Mirth, Honey and lupines incorporate together, and rolled in wool, make thereof a Pessary, and convey it into the place, and it will dring forth the dead child, & force the menstrual terms. This herb and seed thereof, will kill Cancers, and scales in the head: tempered with hogs grease, Vinegar and Brimstone. 
Diosco, lib 2. Cap. ciij  Seethe it in parsley water, or whey, and it will cleanse the bladder, and provoke urine: and drunk with Vinegar, it cleanseth the stomach, helpeth digestion, & expulseth all noisomeness, or abhorring of meat. lupines, saith Galen, be of an earthly substance, and engender evil humours: to be eaten as meat, they be hurtful, but in medicine good. And they be bitter hot and dry.  Marcellus. 
What is the goodness of Staphis. Agria?  Hilarius. 
THis herb Staphis Agria; is called also Pedicularis: for if it be mingled with Oil, it will kill Life, nothing better for Lousy children, & Hawks. 
Staphis agria Pedicularis. a seed that will kill life in children, an hawk.  etc. The leaves be like the wild vine with blue flowers, and is hot & dry in the fourth degree. If fourteen seeds stamped, or broken in sweet Water, be Drunk, it will purge gross, crude, raw humours by vomit: but he which drinketh it, aught to walk after it, saith Dioscorides. lib iiij cap ●j. And further saith he, the drinker thereof, most providentlye give attendance, to drink sweet water, unless, else he be strangled with the medicine. This seed with Oil of Tartar. killeth tetters, itching, & as they term it, mangines: sodden in Vinegar, warm holden in the mouth doth help the pains in the teeth, and stop the rheum. And with Honey healeth ulcers in the mouth, but it is perilous to be taken down, because it burneth. And is good to make an Apophl●gmatum with: 
A plaster to bring forth a dead child.  it cleanseth the matrix of women, made in a plaster. Plenty of this doth grow in the countries of Apulia, & Calabria in Italy: & this I end of this. What have you else to stay?  Marcellus. 
What is that sleaping herb called Solanum and his fellows I pray you?  Hilarius. 
IT is called Solatrum, Solanum, or Morel, in English the great sleeping Nightshade, or Dwal. And of this there be .3 kinds among us in England, as the great morel, the little petty morel, 
Solanum Nightshade▪ the sleeping Dwall.  or Night shade, & Alkakengi, which is the Uesicke or bladder herb, to cleanse the same and open, scour, and purge the vessels of the urine. The great Nightshade, with black berries, like round Plums, which be venomous when they be eaten, bringeth utter madness or death: the lesser causeth much sleep. These be cold and dry of complexion, as Galen saith, lib. v. cap. ix. Dioscorides saith, that petty Morrell leaves, because of nature they be cold, their juice with Barley Meal doth quench Sacer ignis, or that we do call saint Anthony's fire: and by themselves stamped, do help the burning of the head, or swelling together under the tongue, applied to them. This juice drunk doth help the yellow jaundice, and burning of Choler: 
Drink but a little sodden wine of this moral .3. two. will suffice.  but if you be evil at ease after them, then drink oxymel Simplex, with warm hot water, and put your finger in your mouth, & vomit. The mad great Nightshade, is cold in the extreme degree, if one drink one dram, sayeth Pliny thereof, than they begin to play their pagiantes, past shame. But if they drink two drams, than they shallbe star● mad: but if they eat or drink three drams, then ensueth present death, & this venom is called Doricmon. The Alkakingi or Kengi hath berries like Cherries wrapped in a close Husk with many singular virtues to cool, to 'cause sleep, moderately used or taken, I mean their juices in Ptisant. But chief it excelleth, for the stone with Parsely, Fenell, Asparagus, the four less cold seeds, ana ℥ ii and damask Prunes xvi in number, stamped well together and put into clean whey, or Barley water, standing xii hours, putting thereunto ʒ. two of fine rhubarb, Then strain it, and draw into the same Potion. ℥. ss. of good Cassiafistula, or Venice Turpentine, clean washed. ℥. ss. then drink the same in the Morning: 
A good medicine for the stone & rains  this will break the stone if any medicine can do it, & cleanse the reins, and heal any sore in the same, annointing the back with Oleum Scorpionis. And thus I do end of Solanum Hortense, called petty Morel, which is good in medicine, both in wardlye to cool, and also outwardly to cool the head, to help the eyes from heat, tempered with the white of an Egg. etc.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Henbane. I pray you tell me?  Hilarius. 
HEnbane is called of the Greeks Hyoscyamus, it is also called Altercum of the Arabians. This herb doth kill swine, 
An herb of venom thorough cold, called Henbane.  except they be driven incontinently, through a great stream of water, & is called the Swine's bane. The nature thereof was first found by Apollo. This Henbane is of three kinds: the black, the yellow, and the white. 
Three kinds of Henbane.  The white is more better for medicine, than either the yellow, or black. The seeds be as plentifully growing within the cod, as the seeds of Poppy, both in form and bigness: it groweth upon dunghill sides, or else upon old ruins, and about broken walls, and is ripe in the month of july. The temperament or complexion of the white seed, is cold in the third degree. 
The white Henbane is▪ used in medicine.  The other two seeds be venomous, and full of poison. This white seed is good, with the ointment of Roses. to be laid upon an hot gout, or swelling of the privy members, or breasts of a woman, which swelleth or burneth. A halfpenye weight of this seed beaten in powder, with asmutch white Poppy seed, drunk in sweet water, or the water of Plantain, doth not only reconcile sleep, but stoppeth also spitting of blood, and helpeth the redness of the eyes. The leaves of this white Henbane▪ Barley meal, & Uinegar, be good to make a plaster, to quench the burning of the reins of the back, or extreme headache which cometh of Choler, and also it helpeth all inflammations. Dioscorides sayeth, this seed drunk in wine, doth heal a Fever called Hepyalas: even so doth the juice of the leaves. But if this herb be used, either in salad, or in pottage, then doth it bring frenzy and madness: the root sodden in Uinegar, doth help the pain in the teeth. Galen also doth utterly refuse the black and the yellow seed, as poison: but the white he doth accept as medicinable. Pliny doth commend the same white, saying: if it be stamped with honey, it healeth the biting of a mad Dog. And with Wine, against the biting of Snakes, And against thoughes, & straightness, through great extreme filth of the lungs. The oil thereof helpeth the deafness in the ears, dropping in but little. Pliny would that none should use more than four leaves of this herb, or the juice thereof at once. For who so useth more, shallbe in danger to sleep without waking. And thus I end of Henban, which is also called the poison, or bane for Hens.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Humlocke, that stinking weed?  Hilarius. 
HUmlocke is called Cicuta in Latin: the Greeks call it Koneion, 
The most cold herb and a poyson·  that is to say, a tyrant or killer of men, for it is cold above nature, if it be taken within the body. The cruel murderers of Athenes, did most traitorously, maliciously and falsely, poison their chief patron, and well spring of learning, called Socrates, an excellent Philosopher, Son to Sophroniscus a Mason, and Phanarista, a midwife, which were his Parents. This man when he had best the knowledge of natural philosophy, gave himself to moral philosophy: he was virtuous in living, and disputed against them, that were called Sophistae. This man's breasts of learning: gave forth the milk of knowledge, unto the most famous clerks: Plato, Xenophon, Xenocrates. 
The death of Socrates was with wine, and the juice of Humlocke.  And after he had taught a long time in Athenes, he was by the Malice of Anytus and Miletus accused, to have spoken against their Gods: wherefore he was condemned to death, whose death was the juice of this Humloke, called Cicuta, mingled with wine. After which drink, he did expire the breath of Life, before the year of Christ'S incarnation .367. Dioscorides saith, 
To help him that hath drunk Humlocke.  who so ever drinketh of this venomous juice, the remedy is only to drink a great draft of clean new wine alone without any other mixture put thereunto with speed. The juice of this, saith he, doth quench that disease, which we call S. Anthonis fire, applied to the burning place. It doth extinguish or quench the heat, which is above nature, either in the breasts of women, or in the privy members of boys or men, called the colt evil among horses, but in men the abundance of nature, with heat gathereth upon a lump. 
Humlocke is a venomous herb.  And it doth quench and dry milk, in women's breasts. Plini writing of the nature of this, sayeth it was the public or common death, used among the Athenians. The seed and the leaves, have power through coldness, to kill both inward, and outward parts of the body: the remedy is this, sayeth he before it come to the vital parts, to drink hot wine, but drunk with wine it is incurable. But the juice of this, dropped into the eye doth quench the heat, and cleanse the sight, and healeth a disease called Epiphora sayeth Anaxilaus. And thus I end of this venomous herb, which here in England, women use to buck their clotheses with: and Weavers do make quills upon their stalks, which be called Kexes.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of the Artichoke, whose heads be sodden with Beef, and used among us for meat.  Hilarius. 

Scolimus. Cinara. Artichoke.  THe Greeks call it Scolimus, it is also called Cinara, because this herb delighteth to grow in earth, mingled with Ashes: Some suppose it to be named Cinara, of a maiden who as the Poets did feign, was transformed into a great Thistel, or an Artichoke: this herb is commonly known, and is of two kinds. That which is full of pricks, both in the fruit and leaves is wild, and of small effect, and that is taken to be Scolimus, Cinara the tame or Garden Artichoke, is good. The root or leaves being sodden, or drunk with wine, do heal the stinking and filth in the bladder or yard of a man's body: and make the urine sweet, and cleanse melancholy or phlegm, which doth abound. This saith Dioscorides and Galen, 
A nourishing herb.  in lib. two. de alimentorum facultatibus. This fruit doth nourish the body, and increaseth the seed of generation, both in Men & Women, if it be well sodden, in pottage or Wine, and is a providence of Nature, and healeth. Pliny doth greatly commend this herb, saying: if the root be sodden in wine to the third part, it is wholesome to be drunk, either after the bath, or after Meat: and doth cause urine to be cleansed abundantly, through which the corruption of the reins and Bladder, shallbe purged effectually. And thus I end of the Artychocke, which is hot and dry of nature, as appeareth by the taste in the Mouth, which will burn, and is bitter in the mouth.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Trifolium, called the three leaved grass? 
Ttiple grass,   Hilarius. 
THis herb beareth a sweet flower, and every day his nature is, to lose seven. times his savour or odour in a day, and receiveth it seven times again in the same day. But being dried, it keepeth still his savour. 
Two kinds of Triple grass.  Of this herb there be two kinds, the one of purple colour & sweet, and the other white flowered, and not so sweet. The roots be long & white: this herb groweth in every meadow in june and july, & is hot & dry in the third degree. Dioscorides sayeth, the seeds and leaves, sodden in water or wine, and so drunk do not only help the diseases of the sides, but also the falling sickness, 
Triple grass hath many virtues, and celleth against poison  the dropsy, or water creeping between the skin and the flesh, the strangury, both in men and women. And also purgeth the humours menstrual: three drams of this, stamped with oxymel, and drunk in wine, doth help the biting of all venomous beasts, and will not suffer any venom to come within the body. Even so it helpeth both Tercians and Quarteins. Galen is of the same mind, and Pliny doth affirm the same: that it prevaileth against poison and venom, drinking xxv, grain weight, of the leaf, or the seed. And this saith he, is a goodly antidotary, & also there is no Serpent dare come near the triple grass: it is wholesome to make warm, and heal wounds, and cankers. And thus I end thereof.  Marcellus. 
What is the blessed goodness of that worthy herb, 
Valerian▪  called Ualerian, which some do call the blessed herb?  Hilarius. 
IT is named Phu in Greek, and Nardus Silvestris in Latin, or Ualeriana & there be of it two kinds, the great and the little, & this herb of some learned men is called treacle, because it will cleanse venom from the stomach & sides, and cleanse the stopping of the matrix, and the urine, as Pliny affirmeth, being drunk in wine. Dioscorides sayeth, if you dry this herb & drink it, it will move urine, and help the dolour in the sides, and force Terms menstrual, and the best of this doth grow in Pontus. We have good Ualerian also of good virtue, to help inwardly for the stone, and outwaedly for Wounds? and a goodly precious Balm may be made thereof, to heal wounds with al. The Spaniards do call it Herba benedicta, the blessed herb because it giveth such health, to purge terms, and help the stomach. 
For wounds.  It is not much inferior, to the Narde of Ind: but for the stone, it is better. It is hot and dry in the second degree: and will grow in moist places, 
Ualerian maketh salves of great goodness.  of a great height. They do greatly err, which do take Calamus roots, in the place of Ualerian: the root hath many small roots, growing unto it, like unto the bears foot roots, or the roots of juncus Odoratus: somewhat yellow & sweet are best, and must be gathered in Summer, and dried for pessaries, and cleansing of urine: this herb is commonly known, for his singular virtue, among Physicians and Chirurgeons, and also precious for women. And sodden in Wine, with Fenell seed and Mastic, it is diuretike, and most best for them, which have either the colic or stone.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Columbine which beareth pleasant blue flowers, whereof some also bear white?  Hilarius. 
A Columbine is called Aquilegia and is commonly known, the flower of five heads, 
A columbine.  like unto Eagles, meeting together in the neither part of the said flower, the upper part spreadeth out with wings, and feet answering unto the same, therefore it is called the eagles herb: the leaves be like unto the greater Chelidon, but somewhat rounder and softer: 
For swelling in the throat.  it flourisheth in the month of May, and is somewhat hot of nature, and doth dry up Scabs and Fistulaes' if it be stamped and applied unto them in the manner of a plaster: it helpeth also to resolve, cleanse, and scour Struma or the painful swelling in the throat, called the kings Evil, received in Milk, sweet wine or Oximell squilliticum either drunk or used in a Gargarism warm: if the juice thereof be mingled with wheat meal and made warm this way, it hath in Plaster great virtue to dry up moist humours in Biles or sores Many do affirm it to be Aegilops, wherein they do greatly err, for that is a kind of Oats or else juncus odoratus whereof is mention made before. But this columbine may be used in his place. It also cleanseth young children if it be put in their drink from a filth growing in their body through the abundance of heat, 
A. h. medicen.  called in the south the Redgome: but in the North it is called the Felon, and thus I end of this herb,  Marcellus. 
What is then the nature of Chelidon, commonly called Cellenden?  Hilarius. 
IT is called in Greek Chelidonion Mega. that is the great Chelidon or if you will, 
Chelydonion.  the Swallows herb, for a Swallow in Greek is called Chiledon: and it agreeth well to the reason that Pliny maketh concerning this herb, which observed first the Nature of the same, saying, it doth grow when Swallows do breed, and if through the heat of the swallows dung, their young ones lose their sight, eft son's nature hath taught the old ones to gather this herb, through whose virtue the said young birds receive again their sight: this herb is hot and dry in the third degree, 
Swallows dung will make blind. example of Tobias.  and is commonly known of every reasonable Man or Woman. Dioscorides lib. ij. cap. clxxuj. saith: if the juice be strained into a brazen Uessel, and mingled with honey and so boiled into a thickness upon a soft fire, this hath virtue to claryfye the Eyes, and to lighten the sight. The leaves, stalk and root, s●amped and strained in Summer, and kept in a close Uessel, 
For sore eyen  and dried by little and little of itself in a shadow place, this juice is good to make Trosses withal, to heal the eyes. The root thereof sodden in white Wine, with Annysseedes, and so strained, is good to be drunk against the yellow jaundice & stopping of the Gall And also it driveth away all manner of Choler adust out of the body: if it be sodden with vinegar, Honey, white Rose leaves, and swines Grease, it cleanseth the body from Scabs, Biles, sores, and Cankers. Many precious Ointments, waters, Salves, and balms, be made of this herb, as Galen, Pliny, and Ramundus Lullius, saith: it may rather be called Celidonum that is a gift of heaven for the singular gift and goodness thereof, rather than Chelidonium, or the Swallows herb: and thus I end of this most precious herb called the great Chelydon. There is another lesser Herb of this name which is also called Scrofularia minor, having Leaves much like unto Azarabacka or ivy, having many small roots white, in the form of Pears, but very small, and this herb hath yellow flowers, varnished with in like guilt, which the common people call King Cups. Theophrastus saith in. lib. seven. cap. xiv▪ this herb vanisheth away when Swallows come in, or begin to breed: 
Dioscorides lib. two. cap. Clxxvij.  Galen saith that this Herb is hoatte and dry in the fourth degree. Dioscorides sayeth it will exulcerate or blister the skin, by which means it cleanseth, scoureth, and casteth away foul scabs, and leprous matter from the skin. The juice being tempered with Honey drawn up into the nose, purgeth the head. After this manner used in a Gargarism, it doth cleanse the throat, and corruption of the stomach and longs. This Scrofularia or small Cellenden is extreme hotter in Asia than it is in Spain, and more hotter of nature in Spain, than here in England. 
Scrofularia  In Scotland I have seen the people eat of this small root parboiled with other cold salad herbs, with clean Oil, Sugar and Uynegar: for every herb flower and root must be observed according to the nature of the region aswell as of their own temperament. And thus I end of these two herbs  Marcellus. 
What say you then of an herb called Pimpernell?  Hilarius. 
IT is called Pimpynella or Pampinula, whereof be two kinds, the greater and the smaller, 
Pimpinella. is good against the Pestilence.  These Herbs be commonly known with long roots, cornered stalks, agged leaves, white flowers and small seed, and doth grow in every place, as Fields, Woods, Pastures and Meadows, and it is hot and dry in the second degree nerehand to the third: the juice▪ of this herb is drunk against the biting of Serpents. If it be drunk in wine, it cleanseth the rains and bladder. Nothing is better against the Strangury, both in men and Women. The distilled Water of this Herb doth dry up moist humours in the eye, which we call bleared watering eyes: it cleanseth spots from the face: and drunk with Mithrydatum, there is nothing better against the Pestilence, and thus I end of this herb.  Marcellus. 
What say you then of an herb called Sheperdes' purse.  Hilarius. 
THis herb is called Pera pastoris, 
Sheperdes' purse. to stop blood.  because it is like a bag which shepherds do use to wear. The seed is not unlike unto a little heart of a small bird. The leaves be like unto Rocket, it is cold of nature, and stoppeth blood or flux, being drunk with small Read wine or Plaintain water A plaster made of this herb with vinegar and fresh swine's grease, doth quench all inflammations, or heat of the body, as the Shingels. etc. The juice alone doth heal a new wound, and stop the blood. Nothing is better to restrain the immoderate flux menstrual, than to make a fomentum, and moist bath of this herb, and to sit over it close, and to drink of the same clarified in Red wine. Many great learned men do affirm, that the only holding of this herb in a man's hand, doth stop the blood flowing at the nose, or any other part of the body. Many marvels might be declared of the virtue of this herb, but to the ignorant and incredible, it is but vain to write any farther, and thus I end of Shepherds Purse, or blood stopping herb.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of lions foot, called Pes Leonis▪  Hilarius. 

Lion's foot. Pes Leonis.  It is in form like unto a Lion's foot, with broad jagged leaves, with viii. indented leaves together in one, small flowers, yellow in colour, the stalk vi handful long, with a root finger bigness, in colour somewhat read, in nature this herb is dry in the second degree: the juice thereof doth join new wounds together, and healeth them quickly, the decoction thereof is wholesome to wash all manner of wounds new and old, 
To heal wounds and sores.  with warm linen clotheses, washed in the same: and the Decoction healeth women's sore breasts: if this be drunk in wine, it healeth wounds inwardly, in the breast belly, and guts: and draweth up the guts in young children, that are slipped down from the body, through occasion of weakness, coldness, or the flux. This is an excellent herb for Chirurgens, to heal wounds with all, and thus I end of lions foot.  Marcellus. 
What have you else to say of the nature of an herb called Knotgrass, or cumber field?  Hillarius. 

Knotgrass, Kneeherbe, or Poligonon.  IT is called in Greek Polygonon, because it hath so many knots, like knees or joints, there is an herb that stoppeth blood better than this doth, and it beareth an infinite number of small seeds. The leaves be like unto Rue, somewhat longer, and by every lease the seed doth grow, and beareth a small white flower. This herb is taken to be a weed of no estimation, and is cold and dry in the second degree, and in the beginning of the third. Dioscorides sayeth, it hath virtue to restrain and cool, if the juice be drunk, either of them which spit blood, pysse blood, or else have the bloody flux. notwithstanding, it doth cleanse the reins, and prevent or put away the fit of a fever, if it be drunk one hour before the access of the same. It stoppeth the flux menstrual, either in a vomit or a bath, or to drink the same with wine. It doth the like against the distilling of the whites of women. Dropped into the ear, it fortyfyeth the hearing of them which be dull or stopped. This herb stamped with honey, doth heal sores, infecting ●o corrupting the privy or secret members: the leaves thereof do quench the burning Shingles, hot inflammations, and join heal and cleanse new wounds. There is no better plaster than this against the heat of the stomach, and this affirmeth Galen and Pliny, this much of this herb.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature or virtue of Stoechados.  Hilarius. 
THis is a noble Herb, and of great virtue, leaved like unto Time, 
Stoechadus or Stoechas.  with knops in the top like Hops, whereupon grow purple Flowers, sweet of savour, bitter of taste, the root is small and hard, it beareth flowers in june, and it is of a restraining temperament, somewhat cooling: the decoction thereof helpeth the lungs even as Hyssop doth, and is put in many medicines of great virtue: it doth extenuate or cleanse the inward parts of the body, the liver, the Spleen, the Reigns, Guts, 
Stichadoes good for the Spleen. etc.  and privy members: provoketh terms menstrual, and helpeth all the diseases of the stomach, and thus affirmeth Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny: this Herb groweth in Arabia, and is brought from Alexandria, 
Dioscor. lib. 3. Cap. xxvi. Galen lib. 8. sim. medica.  even so there is great pleney growing upon the Mount Gargane in Italy. The Arabians do call it Astochodos, the Italians call it Stoechade: and thus I end of this worthy strange Herb, which groweth not commonly in England, but the Apothecaries have it.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Verbascum.  Hilarius. 
THis herb is of divers kinds. The one is called Mullen, which is a long herb like a wax taper, 
Verbascum.  bearing yellow flowers in the top with small seeds, which is called the white male Verbascum: but the white female is in the same form, and beareth white flowers. Then there is a kind of black Verbascum with great roots, sundry branches, and yellow flowers, and these herbs be called Lung wort, among the common people. The third kind is called Pagles, or Cowslips. 
Cowslippes or Pagles.  These herbs are commonly known, and be of a drying nature, & do greatly restrain or stop the belly, in the time of a bloody flix, the decoction of them being drunk warm. The water of them quencheth the inflammation or burning of the eyes. This herb stamped with clarified Honey in a Leaden mortar, putting thereunto wine and Vinegar, doth make a medicine to heal Ulcers withal. This same medicine is good against the stinging of an Adder, Snake or Wasp. The juice of their leaves tempered with washed Oil of linseed, doth heal scalding or burning of the skin or flesh. The pith which is in the root, is good to heal Fistulaes'. And all the flowers sodden in vinegar, do heal the kings Evil, applied to the place, or in gargarism: the root, seed, or leaf, sodden in Wine, is good, not only to be drunk against all diseases of the lungs, breasts, sides, and reins, but also casteth out of the flesh any thing therein fixed, as Nail, Thorn, or prick. Of this herb is there a singular medicine made for beasts, Horse, Cow, or swine, after this manner. Stamp this Herb, putting therein Fenicreeke and Madder with warm Ale, convey it into the throat of the sick Beast, with a Horn or tonnell made for the same purpose, and this will heal and cleanse their Lungs. For lack of this, and many such good like medicines, do many Beasts dye. Therefore, good Marcellus, take here none occasion to despise this my regiment for men, although I here show a little medicine for beasts, for we without them should live very beastly. They be the gifts of God, his creatures and our servants: and thus I do end of this herb called Verbascum, Mullen, or Cowslip. Primrose also is of the same kind.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Tormentill:  Hilarius. 
THis herb is calsed Ceptaphillon, Tormentill, or of some Bistorta: this hath leaves like five fingers, but that it hath vii leaves in number jagged or toothed like a Saw, 
Tormentill doth grow & di●minish with the vine.  growing about the stalk with yellow golden flowers. with a great root. Pliny saith lib. xv. cap. ix that this herb doth begin to grow, and vanish when the vine doth grow and wither: this herb also groweth upon hills, and in Heath ground, and in Woods. The temperament or complexion of this herb is cold and dry in the third degree, say the late writers, but others affirm not the same, but rather that it should be hot in the third degree, 
1. Fuchsius in hist strip.  and that appeareth by his faculty, it wanteth coldness in the third degree, but rather is of the nature of Quinque folium, and the root is dry in the third degree, and hot. Paulus Aegenita saith, if this herb be stamped with Oil, it will heal the soreness of the feet or feabbes, within three days, 
Against the Pestilence  The new writers say, it will close & heal new wounds, and cleanse the eyes. The powder of the root, with the juice of Planteine, is drunk against the stopping or scalding of urine, it is good against poison. pestilence, and bloody flux, Kings evil, filth in the mouth, and soreness or swelling of the stomach or Spleen, Liver and Belly, and stoppeth blood, if it be drunk in the decoction, the Water, or powder. Sheep which feed thereupon shall not dye on the rot and that I have seen proved in sundry places in Norfolk, 
tormentil keepeth Sheep from the rot.  and in a place of Suffolk, called Blaxall, upon a little sheeps walk, in the same Town, whereas Sheep lived many Years without rotting, through the virtue of this herb: and shepherds have observed the same. And thus I end of tormentil.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Rocket Gentle?  Hilarius. 

Eruca or Rocket. Dioscor lib. 2. Cap. xxiv. Galen lib. 2 de aliment.  THis herb is called Eruca for it doth ●rode and burn with heat, an biteth the tongue, it also smelleth like a Fox, the seed groweth in a cod like ro Rapes with a white root, yellow flower, and jagged leaves, and is very hot of nature, and increaseth seed of generation, And the people of Spain, sayeth Dioscorides, did use this Rocket seed in the place of Mustard: it hath virtue to provoke plenty of urine. Galen saith, eaten alone, it hurteth the head: therefore his council is to eat it with Lettuce, to rebate the heat. The roots sodden in water, will draw forth a broken bone, The seed is good against the sting of Serpents, and poison of Spiders made in plaster: and drunk, it hath virtue to expulse worms out of the belly, saith Pliny.  Marcellus. 
What is Serpentaria?  Hilarius. 
OF this herb, there be two kinds, the male is called Bistorta, 
Bistorta hath a crumpled root, lying wrinkled like a serpent, but the female root is black, with out, and red within, and a great knot in the end.  the female is named Columbrina, the leaves be fashioned much like Beets, a small stalk with a bush in the top, and groweth in dark places, and is cold, restraining and drying in the third degree. The root hereof doth heal and glue wounds together in a plaster, & doth chief stop the bloody flux: the powder or decoction restraineth vomits: and it stablisheth the teeth, the decoction warm holden in the mouth. It hath the same virtue which Britanica hath in stopping or restraining: it doth retain the new conceived seed without hurt in the Matrix of the Mother, and thus I end of Serpentary.  Marcellus. 
Giloflowers are sweet and pleasant, but are they good for any medicine?  Hilarius 
YEa forsooth, they are no less profitable, than pleasant, and greatly commended among the old Writers: 
Gillofloures. Matthiol. in Diosco. lib. 2 Cap. 152.  for Dioscorides reporteth of them, that they do not only preserve the bodies of men from corrupt Airs, but also keep the mind and spiritual parts, from terrible and fearful dreams: through their heavenly savour, and most sweet pleasant odour, they do fortify the brain: there is no Apothicary can by any natural Art, make any confection so pleasant as this is, which nature hath wrought most wondrous in pleasing of the senses, both of seeing and smelling. If gillyflowers be stamped, 
Gilloflovers' will heal wounds.  they heal new wounds of the head, and draw forth broken bones. The decoction of them is good to wash the head withal. The Oil of Gillofloures doth heal the biting of a mad dog, and wounds of the sinews, and cold gouts. If this flower be sodden in white Wine, it driveth away the terror of a Tertian, and the horror of a Quarten, being drunk warm before the fit: and by the means also be Worms killed in the belly. This herb of nature is hot and dry, & of this there be sundry kinds, some small and some great, and of sundry colours, as white, read, carnation. etc. And is called Garyophyllum, or a domestical flower, and in the old time it was used to be put in the Gardens among the Roman virgins. The root is good against the Pestilence and Falling sickness, and thus I end of Gilloflovers.  Marcellus. 
What is the natural virtue of Houslyke?  Hilarius. 
IT is called houseleek, 
Sedum. houseleek.  and Seengreene in the South parts of England, but in the North it is called Full, in Latin it is called Sedum or Semper vivum, that is evermore living, and never dying: therefore the old Writers do call it iovis barba, jupiters' Beard, and hold an opinion superstitiously that in what house so ever it groweth, no lightning or Tempest can take place to do any harm there. The leaves be like unto Tongues, this herb is commonly known, and thereof be three kinds: the greatethe mean, and the less, and of temperament and complexion, they be somewhat drying, and vehemently cold, I mean the two first kinds, But the third, which is the lest, called Stonecrope, is hot in the third degree, and will burn the tongue, if it be bitten upon, Dioscorides calleth it Telethion. 
Diosco. lib. 4 Cap. lxxxvii.  The great houseleek doth quench hot Apostimations, Biles, painful sores, Felons, Redness in the eyes, Scaldyngs and burnyng, and the richmannes' evil, 
Many goodly medicines made of houseleek.  called the Gout: either stamped by itself, or else mingled with Barley meal, oil of Roses and Uinegar: and this way it doth help the head, and reconcile sleep. The juice of this herb drunk in wine, prevaileth again the biting of venomous beasts, bloody flixes, and women's terms flowing immoderately, and killeth worms in the Belly: and thus affirmeth the said Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny. But the third kind, called Telethion, hath virtue to make hot, to blister the skin: and stamped with Hogs grease, it doth heal the kings evil, or pains in the throat, if it be warm anointed therewith oftentimes. And thus I do end of this houseleek, which is commonly known, growing upon walls, or house tops: and of the other ii kinds, growing upon ruins, rocks of the sea side, or broken walls.  Marcellus. 
I Pray you, be not nettles a noisome kind of weeds? Me think they should be none other: as appeareth by their spiteful stinking, for they be fearful, both to Man, Woman, and Child, & sundry kinds of beasts.  Hilarius. 
A Nettel is called Vrtica ab urendo, of burning, blistering, or stinging of the skin. There be two kinds of nettles, 
Vrtica the▪ Nettle.  the common nettle, and the read nettle. There is also the third, though not commonly known in these parties, called Vrtica Romana, the Roman nettle, of the which, there groweth plenty about the walls of Yarmouth. This nettle beareth great berries upon it, and the other Nettles but sedes: and of nature they be all very hot and dry. Dioscorides sayeth the virtue of them, is to heal the biting of a mad Dog, stamped with Salt, and so applied to the wound. It doth the like unto Cankers and to cold swelling Apostumations: the juice put into the nose▪ 
Netele sedes will serve in the place of Pepper.  stoppeth bleeding. The juice tempered with clarified Honey, cleanseth the lungs, stomach, and sides: drunk with Ptisant, it doth cleanse the belly, and matrix of a Woman. The juice also tempered with Myrrh, will move terms menstrual, if it be drunk warm. The seed thereof finely beaten in powder, and drunk in wine or broth, doth augment and increase the seed of Generation. The seed of red Nettles, being gathered between the saint mary days, may serve poor Men in steed of Pepper, and hath the very taste of Pepper, and is good to season Pies, or what you will therewith. And of virtue is accounted, of no less Ualue than Pepper: the Leaves of Nettelles' sodden with Oysters, cleanse the reins of the Back, scour the Bladder, and provoke urine. And they are good against obstructions, and stopping of the Liver, upon cold causes, and kill UUormes: the syrup thereof is most excellent to be drunk of women, in their painful travail of children, and causeth speedy deliverance. And thus I end, of the nature of nettles.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Paeonia?  Hilarius. 
This is an herb of an excellent virtue, 
Paeonia is called the chaste herb.  and is called the chaste herb: the cods thereof are full of grains, in form to the Pomgarnet. There be two of them in kind, the male and female. It is said that the noble Clerk Bias was the first inventor of this herb: this is commonly known amongst us here in England. The flowers are like unto a Rose. The seed doth grow in a cod, which seeds be of colour read and black, and it flourisheth in May: 
A good medicine for the falling sickness. and the yellow jaundice, made of Pionie.  the root is somewhat binding of nature, neither bitter nor sweet, but between both. And is of a drying heat, in the second degree, and warming in virtue. Galen declareth that a child did not fall, as long as he had this root hanging about his neck, But we have oftentimes proved it contrary: but for the falling sickness the powder thereof tempered with Mugwort water, and given unto the sick patient: prevaileth greatly again the falling evil. The juice of this herb or powder, is good to be drunk against the stopping of the gall, liver, or reins: if it be sodden with old red wine, and drunken, it stoppeth the bloody flux. The red grains, do stop the red menstrual humour: the black grains, sodden in red wine, do fortify and strengthen the matrix in them in whom the flux of blood doth abound. The root sodden in wine and drunk, purgeth the belly, putteth away the colic, maketh clean the guts, defendeth against frenzies and passions of the brain, strangury, and biting of Serpents. But there must no more be taken in medicine at one time, but four dra,ss: and what is better than Pionie against the yellow jaundice, being drunk in white wine, with the powder of Saffron? This and many more virtues hath this worthy herb, and is beloved of the Spaniards, and of them it is called Rosa De month. And thus I conclude of this virtuous Pionie, that the red is better than the black.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of a strange herb, called Asparagus?  Hilarius. 
THis is an herb of great virtue, and full of roots, long stalks & full of branches. 
Asparagus hath many goodly virtues, specially to increase seed.  The branches that springe first from the root be prevented of them, which grow after them. This is a garden herb: but of his own nature it groweth in rocks, chief in Italy. Galen sayeth, that this herb of nature is marvelous: for it is sometime cooling, and sometime warming or heating. And also cleanseth and scoureth: if the tender branches of this herb, be sodden in wine & drunken, they do not only molifye the Belly, but cleanse the reins. Nothing is better to open the gall and cleanse the yellow jaundice, than this herb is: there is great virtue in the root, to be made in powder, or sodden in medicine, for the same purpose. The berries be of a singular virtue against the diseases of the teeth: the water of this herb, will clarify the eyes: the syrup doth increase seed of generation, the decoction thereof in Uynegar, prevaileth against the white leprosy. There is no herb sooner converted into good blood than Asparagus, notwithstanding the berries thereof must be boiled and eaten with sweet Oil, Uinegar, and sugar: and then it prevaileth against barrenness of women. Pliny doth commend this herb, the twenty book, the x Chapter, that it prevaileth against the pains of the bone called spina, and all these foresaid diseases. Avicen sayeth in his last Fen. lib. iiij. that this herb maketh a pleasant odour in meat, and bringeth sweetness to the whole body, 
To make the urine sweet.  cleanseth stinking urine, and causeth the bladder and all the vessels to be sweet. Galen doth not a little commend it, Lib. seven. de Alimen facultatibus. And Dioscorides lib. ij. Cap cxviij. doth first begin the praise. and laud of this herb, with all his virtues. And thus I end of Asparagus.  Marcellus. 
This same is an herb, of incomparable virtues, and doth excel all other, for his singular goodness to mankind: I trust to remember it therefore. Now I shall desire you, to show me the nature of the great Burr, which is more commonly known, than commended: notwithstanding, I would be glad to learn the virtue, for every man doth know it, to be an herb of great anoiaunce in pastures, and an unpleasant attire, for the manes and tails of horse.  Hilarius, 

Bardana the great Burr  This great Burr is called Personata, lappa maior, or Bardana, and is commonly known, whose Burrs will cleave to the apparel of men: the leaves be very broad, the root great, within white, without black and doth grow commonly in many places, and is dry. and binding of nature. Dioscorides sayeth lib. iiij. if one dram weight of this be drunk with the kernels of the Pyneaple, it doth help the cough, and spitting of blood, and filthiness in the stomach, and is good against the contraction of the sinews, 
Rotten sores helped.  and specially of the Arteires. If the leaves be stamped, and applied plasterwayes, they do heal old rotten sores, and stinking filthy ulcers: even so will the juice of this herb do, for Galen affirmeth the same. The decoction of the root thereof, is good to wash wounds withal: the root stamped with Salt, doth heal the biting of a mad Dog, applied to the wound. The juice tempered with honey, and so drunk, provoketh urine: and taketh away the pains of the bladder. The seed beaten in powder, 
Scalding and burning help●●.  and drunk in wine, by the space of forty days, will take away the pains of the huccle bones, called Sciatica. The leaves stamped with the white of an Egg, also heal Burning or Scalding, thus sayeth Apuleius. The root prevaileth against the biting of Serpents, either inwardly, or outwardly: the same root sodden in Wine, doth cleave deliver a man from the horror of the fever quarten, if he drink thereof, one hour before the coming of the fit. And tempered with swines grease it maketh a goodly Plaster, against the swelling of the Throat, called Angina, and thus affirmeth Columella. And here I do end of Burrs.  Marcellus. 
What is the natural virtue of an herb, called Gramen, or Stichworte?  Hilarius. 
THis Gramen is called Sperewort, Stitchwort, or Stitch grass: It groweth in dark places, 
Gramen is Stitchworte.  and an infinite number of stalks grow from one root: the root creepeth of a great length within the ground, but not deep. The flowers be white, growing upon the top of the branches, with a pretty round seed in the mids. This herb is commonly known, cattle delight to eat thereof in pastures: they do greatly err, which take this herb for Eufragium. It flourisheth in April, most sweet, white, & pleasant. This herb is cold and dry, with a little bitterness, having virtue to open: Dioscorides doth say, the root hath virtue to close a new wound together. This herb sodden in Wine, doth break the stone: it is good against the hardness of the spleen, stopping of the liver, 
Stitchworte will heal the stone, & heal● wounds.  and gall. It cleanseth the reins, scoureth the bladder, and conduits of urine: Galen doth call this herb Pernasus, for there groweth great plenty thereof upon a Mountain in Greece so named: which had two high tops, 
Pernasus. herb.  under whom did devil the ix Muses, as Poets feign. Pliny saith, the seed doth vehemently purge the urine, and stoppeth vomits, with many other goodly virtues. And thus I end of Stitchwort.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of savin, that bitter bush?  Hilarius. 
THis venomous herb, is commonly known, 
savin. A practice of harlots wrought ● savin.  from whom divers devilish drabs, have gathered venom, to destroy their bastardly children, to cover their filthy whoredom withal. And yet oft-times it happeneth, that the mother is slain, and the child is delivered, and by God's providence, is helped and saved. Yet this herb rightly used, is of a singular virtue, & may rather be numbered among trees, than herbs, for no frost can kill it. It groweth very thick, like unto a bush, the leaves do never whither nor dry, it groweth in gardens, the berries are gathered in Harvest, and it is hot and dry in the thrid degree. Dioscorides saith, the first book .88. Chapi. that there be two kinds of Savin: 
savin of. ●●. kinds.  one hath leaves like unto the Cipers' tree, th'other hath leaves like unto the Tamarice tree: They have virtue being stamped, for to heal all painful sores, biles, and pushes, applied unto them. This herb is a good perfume against the mother, to burn when Women do sound, receiving the smoke in at the nose-Tempered with Honey, it breaketh a Pestilent sore, made in plaster ways: Drunk in Wine, it purgeth them that piss blood. And by subfumigation, it doth draw down the dead child from the Matrix of the Mother. It is mingled in hot ointments, against coldness of the joints & sinews. and is good against the Palsy. Pliny doth greatly commend this, in his .42. book. 
A new practice for the pox made of Sauin●.  Chap. xi. It is good to put Cinnamon to this herb, being used in medicine ii times the weight: It helpeth also the Kings evil, or pains in the throat▪ made in the manner of plaster. The fume of this herb doth prevail against the French pocks: and thus I do conclude of this Herb, called Savin, which the Arabians call Abel.  Marcellus. 

Daisies  What is the nature of Daisies, double or single, I pray you tell me?  Hilarius. 

Pliny. lib 21. Capi. viii.  NEither did Dioscorides, nor Galen writ of these herbs, nor any of the ancient Greeks: but Pliny saith, that one Bellius was inventor of this herb, called Bellis. And this herb hath l little branches, or white beams growing round about the yellow flower, which is in the mids▪ and some do call it herba Paralysis. What shall I say any farther I need no more description thereof, because this herb is so commonly known & groweth in every field and pasture. Notwithstanding, the double Daisy doth grow in gardens: and these great Daisies do flourish in May, and of nature be hot and dry, as we may gather of Pliny, who saith this herb doth heal swellings of the throat, pains in the neck: therefore it must needs be hot and dry, for no cold thing can help the swelling in the throat, This juice is good for wounded men to drink, for it doth resolve hard and cold things, Gout, and Sciatica, and is very good against the resolution of the members, which in Greek is called Paralysis, which we call the Palsy. With this herb Bellis, 
Paralysis.  and other good medicines, I Bullein did recover one Bellises, not only from a spice of the Palsy, but also from the quarten▪ And afterward the same Bellises, 
Bellis. Bellises. Bullein.  more unnatural than a viper, sought divers ways to have murdered me, taking part against me, with my mortal enemies, accompanied with ruffians, for that bloody purpose, and deadly feed. Such was his shameless ingrateful nature, 
Proverb. 10 Proverb. 17  Evil will stirreth up strife, and a seditious person, seeketh mischief. This man being worshipfully born, doth bore the name and title of a Gentleman, rather than any conditions of one in deed. 
R. Bellises of jarowe in the bishopric.  And in complexion is more effeminate, than a feeble pale woman: a dweller in the place, whereas holy Bede was borne, but yet possessing none of his virtues. And thus of Bellis the herb, I make an end: and of Bellises, which would have ended me.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Seine, my gentle friend Hilarius, I pray you tell me  Hilarius. 
THere be two kinds of it: the one is called Seen, which beareth Cods like Brome. 
Seen of Alexandria  The other is a lesser kind, bearing his seed in a gross Cod. The Cod is much like an Almond growing on the tree, but as thin as Perchement. The Flowers be like the Flowers of Brome, very yellow. This herb groweth in Gardens, in the month of may and june, and of nature is hot, in the first beginning of the second degree, & dry in the beginning of the first degree. A dram of the cod, saith Actuarius, may be drunk without any hurt: for it hath virtue to purge, both phlegm and choler. The leaves and cods be wholesome, to be sodden in the broth of an Hen, against old pains in the head, scabs, falling sickness, and the itch. The juice in infusion or steeped, is better to be drunken, than the powder, for all obstructions in the body: and these be the words, of that great learned man. Doctor Actuarius. This is used against the abundance of melancholy: and doth open the instruments of the senses, and the parts both Animal, vital, and Neutrimentall. There is of this growing in France, but the best cometh from Alexandria in Egypt, or else from Syria, which may be given to women with Child, and young Children, without any hurt, chiefly in infusion, it may be also mingled with Cassia or Manna: or else it may be beaten into fine powder, and so tempered with Syrup of Roses solityve, and so drunk: and this way it is a gentle lenitive purgation. But the deluting, steeping, or putting these leaves in wine, cold whey, or distilled water, with a piece of Sugar, and some Anisseedes, standing all the night in a close pot, and in the morning strain it, I assure you, this is more better to purge withal than if it were in decoction, or sodden in broth. Note also, when you do make a decoction with sundry herbs, let all your other herbs be sodden soft, before you put in your Seine, for it is so thin of substance, that else it will go away in a smoke.  
Here will I show you a most excellent decoction, 
Sir Richard Alye, his lenitive, Matthiolus useth the same in Dioscoridem Lib. 3. cap. 70.  wherewith I purged sir Richard Alie, a knight of a singular cunning: which knight hath been a profitable instrument to our common Wealth, in worthy fortifications and buildings, as of the strong, and famous town of Barwick, whose walls are invincible, as presently appeareth. Beside many of his other worthy works. This man being sick, in whom divers and sundry purgations and Electuaries took small effect, this only did him much pleasure: the best Seine leaves, drams vi, white Ginger dram one, the flowers of bugloss, drams two, mingled together, in a new clean stone Pot, with a narrow mouth, and one pint of whey of goats milk: this pot was closely covered in the mouth, that no air should go forth of the mouth. Then it was set in a vessel, with hot water, and so did seethe, by the space of two hours, and then was taken from the fire, and set in a close place till it was cold, and the vapour clean delayed. Then it was strained, and given him to drink, in the morning following, which did purge choler adust and melancholy, which is his complexion. This whey being drunk, prevaileth against all passions of the brain, 
Seine helpeth the head with all the senses.  from the head down to the bottom of the bladder. And helpeth all the senses, both of hearing, seeing, and smelling, and will strengthen all the Body: and it doth exonerate, and unburden the same of every humour that doth abound, as cholour, phlegm, and melancholy. And this affirmeth Mesue: Actuarius, Ruellius, and Matthiolus upon Dioscorides. lib. 3. cap. lxx.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Goose foot, which herb is like Geese feet, 
Pes anserinus.  with iadged leaves?  Hilarius. 

Gosefoote an evil herb.  IT is called Pes anserinus, leaved like Night shade, but more jagged in the said leaves, bearing small little read flowers, with great plenty of seed, like unto Arage: it commonly groweth in each place whereas plenty of dung is cast, and is cold in the second degree, and it is venomous as Solanum is, and killeth Swine, if they do eat of it: it maketh men to be mad, or die sleeping, therefore beware of it.  Marcellus. 
What is Felon weed good for, which is named saint james weed?  Hilarius 
THe old Writers made small mention thereof, it hath leaves like Rocket, 
S james wort called Felon weed  many roots, flowers like Chamomill, growing by water sides, and in sandy places, by path sides: it is hot & dry of nature, this will heal Furunculi, called Felons and other sores and wounds, and Fistulaes': and is wholesome to make salves withal to dry, ripe, and heal, and will not suffer any venomous scab, or sore to spread any further, therefore it should be good, both for Serpigo, the Canker, and Ringwormes. etc.  Marcellus. 
What will Spatula Foetida do?  Hilarius 
IT groweth by hedges, the Berries grow in cods, which cods openeth in three parts like the Paeoni, 
Spatula will kill lice.  the leaves be long flags, this herb is vehemently hot, and hath virtue to kill lice, as Staphisagria hath, and to heal scabs. etc.  Marcellus. 
What can Orpin do?  Hilarius- 
This Orpin will long hang in an house, after it be cut, and grow still geeene, 
Telephus. Crassula, or Orpin.  we call it Orpin. Telephus was a king of the Goathes, and Mysia, son to Hercules, which warred upon the Greeks before Christ's birth. Anno. 1212. This man slew a famous capta●ne of the Greeks, named Thesandius, & his soldiers vanquished Ajax, and Achilles, but yet Achilles wounded him with a Dart, which wound was healed by this Crassula which he named Thelephium, and until this day, it is so called: whereof there be two kinds, the great with white flowers, and the small with yellow, 
Orpin healeth the morphew.  but these flowers be variable, and will change their colour, the leaf is like Purssen, but grosser, and this doth grow in moist places, under the drooping of houses in Gardens, and flourisheth in july, and August, and is dry in the second degree, and in the beginning of the third, and is very hot. The juice therefore is good to anoint the place of the Morphewe every hour, so that it be mingled with strong white Uinegar: But Galen affirmeth that it doth not only cleanse the faint Morphewe, 
To cleanse the Morphew.  which he calleth Alphos, but it also cleanseth a foul corrupt stinking ulcer, scoureth and drieth the same. Pliny sayeth, this juice will heal a filthy Leprous sore of divers colours to be anointed therewith, every hour, day and night iii times in one month, and as you do anoint the same to put upon the same sore Barley meal. It maketh a plaster for Hernia, and healeth wounds, both old and new, and Fistulaes'. And thus I do end of Orpin, or herb Telephion.  Marcellus. 
What is the goodness of Paunsis, or three faces in one hodde? Some call it Hartesease.  Hilarius. 
THis herb is called herba Trinitatis: 
Herba Trinitatis of three colours so named.  but I read in an old Monkish written Herbal, wherein the author writeth, that this herb did signify the holy Trinity: and therefore was called the Herb of the trinity, and thus he made his allegory. This flower is but one in which said he, are three sundry colours, & yet but one sweet savour. So God is three distinct persons, in one undivided Trinity. 
An allegory. of 〈◊〉 herb.  United together in one eternal glory, and divine Majesty. etc. Well, although the three distinct persons be even so, whose glory is indiffinable: yet this glory may not be comprehended of mortal men, nor Angels. The majesty thereof may not with reverence, be compared or likened, by any alligory, to any base, vain venerous flower: but may rather be called, three faces in a Monks hodde: 
john i  That this day groweth in the Garden, and to morrow withereth as dust. Much more the offence and danger is, for any christian man, to grave or paint any Image, calling it the sign or Image of the Trinity: which can not be done, of any living creature, for God forbade the same. God hath no man seen, but only his son Chryst, which is God of his substance, and of the same deity. Neither any mortal man may see him, 
Exodus. 20.  before he be cleansed by death, & transformed into an other life, saith the holy scripture: thus all glory be to the holy trinity. 
i. john 4.  And now I will show the right definition of this herb, fit and apt for the same vain flower. It is called herba Trinitatis, that is, because it hath three colours: yet the old Pagan writers, did call it jupiters' herb, because of the beauty of colours: it is like a Uiolette in shape and savour, and of temperament, is much like Comphorie▪ hot and dry, and is good to be drunk, both against the falling evil in children, and also against all manner of rotten phlegm, and filth in the stomach, sides, and lungs. Thus it doth inwardly help, in syrup, decoction, or the water inwardly drunk: no less it helpeth all wounded men, Women, and Children, and all them which have broken bones. Outwardly, it cleanseth from the skin, all itch, scabs, shyngles, ulcers, and ringwormes: & healeth or closeth green wounds together, without the danger of any apostumation, if it be made in plaster, or else the juice preserved with oil. For herbs being stamped, strained, and cleansed upon the Fire, and made cold, and kept in a clean Glass, power thereupon fresh clean Oil of olives, this will conserve it, and keep it from the corruption of Air, and so you may preserve your juice, as this & many other more serve for syrups and Salves, for the health of mankind. And thus I do end of the nature of Paunses, or the triple coloured Violets, called herba Trinitatis.  Marcellus. 
What goodness is I pray you in the ivy, the women's Christmas herb▪ whose leaves be ever green?  Hilarius. 

Hedera or the ivy bush.  THe ivy is like a fresh lusty young pleasant body, still flourishing and green, the Greeks do call it Cissos of Bacchus, for they called him Citton, and this is Bacchus' herb or his Winter Crown, & the vine is his Crown in Summer. This is a very evil neighbour, for where as it doth grow upon any tree, the tree decayeth, although the ivy do flourish still green, whereas it is nourished. There be three kinds of ivy, the white, which is the male, bringeth forth white berries: the second bareth black beris: 
ivy hath many goodly virtues in medicine.  the iij. is fruitless, or ground ivy so named, these be commonly known. ivy is of a contrary compounded faculty, adstringing, binding, or stopping which is cold & earthly: and it is also bitter and hot, if it be green, but dry and cold, The berries sodden in Wine & drunk, do stop the bloody flux, drunk two times in the day and as much in the night: the tender leaves sodden in sharp Uinegar, tempered with crumbs of leaven bread, will help the liver, made in plaster. Stamped with Roses and tempered with oil of Roses, Uinegar and Woman's milk, it doth make a good frontal, for his forehead, that is pained in the head. The juice, with oil of bitter Almonds, warm put into th'ears, helpeth the instrument of hearing: the leaves sodden in Wine, be good to anoint or wash them, which have spots, or scabs in the face, skin, and privy parts. Nothing prevaileth more against the Cancer, than the juice of ivy, tempered with clarified Honey, & Wine sodden together, & so use the same drink. i.ʒ. After the natural purgation of Women▪ if it be drunk, it causeth sterility and barrenness in them. The juice warm, powered into the contrary ear, doth help the teeth, on the other side, if they do ache, but if the berries of ivy, called Corymbi be often times drunk, saith Dioscorides, they will vex and trouble the mind. honey and the berries of ivy, 
To kill lice.  will kill Lice in children's heads: the juice put into the mouth of the matrix, will draw forth the dead child. The green leaves, sodden in Wine, saith Galen, do knit, heal, and join cuts, and great wounds together, and heal the body: But yet this juice oftentimes drunk in Wine will heal the terror of a Tertian, 
To heal wounds.  or horror, of a quarten, drunk before the fit, and also purgeth the head, put into the nose, and will shorten the sickness. The Gum of ivy will blister, and is very hot, & they which gather it, must cut the barks from the ivy: and every morning, 
To gather ivy gum.  when the sap doth ascend, they shall found it in the neither cut of the bark. Even so when it descendeth in the upper bark or rind, renew your cut every morning, & wash your hands in vinegar, and Rose water, and your face in like case, 
To draw teeth with out pain.  before you gather it. But whip it not, & then your gum shall not blister, or hurt your skin: this gum tempered with Wax, put to a pained tooth, will draw it forth without pain: this gum must be kept close in a glass or box of clean metal: and these foresaid virtues are confirmed by the best learned, as Dioscorides, Galen, Pliny. etc. 
Dioscor lib. 2. Capi. Clxxu. Plini. Lib. 16. Cap. xxxiiii. Theophrastus' lib. iii cap. 18. Galen libro simp. medic. 7  And thus I do end of this ivy, whose gum, leaves, and berries, are wholesome for mankind. Even so they are for beasts, as horses or Oxen, against the sicknesses of the Lungs, sodden in Ale or wine, with Anisseedes and ●ayes.  M●●cellus. 
What is the weed, which h●th leaves like Peres, growing in Marris or moist ground?  Hilarius. 
THis herb hath brown spots, in the mids of the leaves, and knots in the joints, stalks read, flowers like Lavender. First white, 
Persicaria or Pereleves. growing in marris ground called jasper.  then purple, roots yellow, small seeds, many in number growing on the branch. This of nature is cold and dry, the taste doth declare the same: this herb sodden in Planten water, Ptisant or read wine, doth stop the bloody fliex. And this same herb, is good to heal Fistulaes': it cleanseth rotten sores, and furthermore healeth new wounds. And thus I leave of this herb,  Marcellus. 
What be brakes good for.  Hilarius. 
COmmonly known, to lodge the Dear, 
Brakes called Filix or Ferne.  to shroud and cover the Conie withal. Dry Brakes be good Fuel, whereas small plenty of woodis, or coal. There be brakes male, without flower and seed, growing from one great root many branches, with spots upon their leaves: the female Brake is common in Warreins & Parks, And groweth long: if the root be cut overthwart, 
To kill broady worms in the chest or belly.  there will appear the similitude of an Eagle spleid. iiii.ʒ. weight, of the male Root, dried and beaten into powder, & drunk with sweet water, doth kill broad worms in the chest or belly. But it is bitter, saith Dioscorides: if four halfpenny weight of prepared Scammony, be drunk with the same, 
Dioscorides.  it will work accordingly, or else as mutth powder of black Elleborus. The female Brake roots. ʒ. iiii▪ drunk, sodden in wine, do kill round worms: it is perilous to give to women, it maketh them barren. And if a woman with child drink it, it maketh an abortive or dead Child come forth: the meal or powder of Brakes, healeth dangerous sores upon beasts bodies, as Swine, Cows. 
Broke seeds were never seen among christian people, but witches have used practice with them, as foolish writers affirm.  etc. The young branches of Brakes, eaten, being tenderly sodden, do molyfy very gently the belly. Galen, Theophrastus and Pliny, affirmeth the same. This herb beareth no seeds at any time, although Witches fain, that great Secrets may be wrought with the same: which must be gathered, say they, upon Midsummer night: As sure I warrant you, as the sea doth burn, it will do no less. This herb is hot and dry, and is called Thelepteriss because it hath wings, or leaves like birds feathers.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of the dead stinking Nettle?  Hilarius. 

The dead Nettle.  IT may be called a dead Nettle, it is like in shape unto the burning Nettle, but stingeth not: it is called Archangel, with a stalk four square. There be three kinds of Archangel, white, called Lamium, Yellow, and Purple with Black seed, hot and dry of nature: the white Flowers do help the Shingles, stamped and applied to the sore places of the skin: this herb stamped with Salt, maketh a plaster for the gout: swelling in the throat, and Dogs biting. The roots stamped with Salt, do draw forth thorns, or pricks from the body. And thus I end of this dead Nettle.  Marcellus. 
What be the properties of Cresses?  Hilarius. 
Cress' be commonly known, there be both of the water, and also of the Land: 
N●●turtiu●. Le●idion, or Cresses.  Garden, and river Cresses, spring from March, to the end of May, and are near hand hot in the .4. degree, not so much drying: the seed is chief used in medicine. 
Cress' help the Palsy.  The herb is good green, but nothing worth dry: these seeds sodden in Wine, in a linen bag and holden under the tongue, or champed in the mouth, do help a speechless man, or him which hath the Palsy, 
☞  through a long or strong ague. This will dry up moist humours, it provoketh urine, sodden in white Wine: and stoppeth gonorrhea passio, or wasting of nature. And this herb so helped a Gentleman of Suffolk, called Thomas Colby, which long time was troubled with the same, when other medicines▪ did take in him small effect, during his service in the field or war, finally he was recovered by this, This herb, specially saith Dioscorides, the roots stamped with fresh Hogs grease, do make an excellent plaster, against the pains of the joints, laid upon warm .4. hours: but for women, but two hours. And also the same for the Sciatica▪ and then quickly to sweat in the bath: then when the patient hath sweated, to anoint it, with the Oil of Cresses, and warm sodden Wine. And to drink of this Wine, 
Cress' do help many infirmities.  wherein Cresses be sodden is good against pains in the joints, Dropsy, Timpany, Gout, swelling, Palsy, Poor, Apostumations, rheums, bloody flixes, broyses, and moistness of the brain and eyes▪ etc. Galen commendeth the same. lib. 1. de compos. medica. secundum locos, Cap. seven.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue or nature of Horstayle?  Hilarius. 

horsetail. Caudae equin●.  This is also called Hippurus, that is, Horstayle because it busheth like hair about the joint: and is of two kinds, soft & long: and groweth in moist ground, and watery places: it is called holy Water sprinkle or bush. It drieth, and restraineth, and is bitter: this herb sodden, the Wine or decoction thereof, is good against the bloody flux, stopping of the Bladder. It mundifyeth the Stomach, and sides, and cleanseth the Lungs: and if the guts be hurt and wounded, nothing is better to heal them, than the syrup or juice of Horstayle, saith Dioscorides. 
To help the flux.  Galen affirmeth that the same herb doth heal wounds, and stop blood in the nose, with all the diseases aforesaid, drunk with Wine. Goodly salves of healing may be made with the same: Pliny saith▪ & that I have proved oftentimes, that it healeth ruptures. And further saith Pliny, 
☜  it stoppeth or defendeth Enteroclea, which is a disease very perilous, called ramex intestinorum, when the guts are fallen into the cods. Even so it will heal them, 
To help the guts.  drunk oftentimes. And a plaster of this, with warm Uinegar stamped together, & applied to the Belly, is good, for the same purpose: the Smoke or fume is good to 'cause children's Guts, to go back into the body, when as through flux or cold, they will hung forth. 
To stop the terms of women.  Even so it will stop the immoderate read terms in Women: and this shall suffice, of the same herb.  Marcellus. 
What is the herb Botris?  Hilarius. 
THis herb Botris is so named, because the seed is so plentiful, clustering with great number on the branches, it groweth by Rivers, 
Sweet● Botris.  or Water sides, & is ripe in September. This herb is sweet, and when it is dry, it is good to cast into Chests, to preserve apparel from Moths, & to make both linen, and woollen sweet. This herb is yellow, whereof is plenty near unto Paris in France: It is hot and dry of nature. Drunk in Wine, it helpeth the lungs, and cleanseth them from cold coughs, and soreness in the breast: and helpeth against the shortness of Wind, Dioscorides, Paulus, and Pliny affirm the same.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Gentian?  Hilarius. 
This was found by Gentian, a noble King of Illyrica, which being wounded in battle, had health by the same herb: 
Gentian a bitter herb. having many virtues.  it is leaved like Plantain, the roots be also not unlike Aristolochia the long. This root is gross and bitter, with yellow Flowers, growing upon high Mountains or Alps, and we have plenty thereof among our Apotheca●aries, it is hot and dry, and most bitter. Two drams drunk with Pepper and rue in Wine, do defend from poison, and biting of serpents: & it is good for wounded men to drink: and casteth dead children from the matrix. This is profitable against all oppilation, and stopping of the liver, gall, and spleen, and will purge choler: but it is perilous for Women with child to drink. There is nothing better for Illiaca passio, it strengtheneth the Stomach. This is not only profitable to mankind against Dropsy, stopping of the body, venom, poison, and pestilence, to be drunk in Wine or Water: but also it helpeth the dumb brute beasts, as horse, oxen. etc. for all diseases of the lungs, to be given them, as Pliny saith. The root sodden, is good against convulsion, and shrinking of the Sinews. And thus I do end of Gentian.  Marcellus. 
What is the property and virtue of Lavender?  Hilarius. 
OF this kind, there is Lavender Spica, which is the great Lavender: 
Lavender the sweet virtue thereof, wholesome for cold folks.  then there is the single Lavender. This herb is called the counterfeit, or false Nardus, and is named Lavendula, because it is good in baths and washing, and giveth a sweet odour. This herb is commonly known and is hot and dry in the second degree: and is good against the coldness of the stomach, hardness of the spleen, and swelling of the guts, stopping of the liver, & the reins, it provoketh urine. Nothing is better against the diseases of the Sinews, the coldness of the Brain, Palsy, & Falling evil, either to be drunk, 

Lavender helpeth the Sinews.  
Oil of spike doth warm.   or else smell of this herb, or also to be anointed with the goodly warm oil made thereof. Which oil hath virtue, against all the diseases of the Sinews: and thus I end of this herb.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Mandragora?  Hilarius. 
MAny superstitious, and foolish things have been devised of this herb: a very invention of Wytches, and Hypocrites, through the suggestion & motion of the devil, to delude the weak heart of mankind withal. For they do affirm, that this herb cometh of the seed of some convicted dead men: and also, without the death of some living thing, it cannot be drawn out of the earth to man's use. 
An old superstition, invented by wytches, and a practice of Satan.  Therefore, they did tie some Dog, or other living beast unto the root thereof with a cord, and digged the earth in compass round about, and in the mean time stopped their own cares, for fear of the terrible shriek, and cry of this Mandrack. In which cry, it doth not only dye itself, but the fear thereof killeth the Dog or Beast, which pulled it out of the earth. And this herb is called also Anthropomorphos because it beareth the Image of a man, and that is false. For no herb hath the shape of a man or Woman, no truly, it is not natural of his own growing: but by the crafty invention of some false man, it is done by art. As many roots may be made, in the forms of men, fowls, and beasts, and secretly covered in the earth: 
Mandrack is made like a man or Woman by craft, for nature giveth no man's shape to a Beast, much less to an herb.  which when they are found, by the crafty hither thereof, the beholders be driven into no small admiration and wonder, supposing there by, that some strange fearful thing, shall quickly follow the same. My Friend Marcellus, the description of this Mandrake, as I have said, was nothing, but the imposterous subtlety of wicked people. Perhaps of Friars, or superstitious Monks, which have written thereof at length: but as for Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny. etc. they have not written thereof so largely, as for to have head, arms, fingers. etc. But there is an herb called Mandrake, whose leaves be large and long, like unto large Lettuce: whose apples be in the form of Cherries, very cold, properly given to help conception, some say, as it appeareth by the wives of the holy Patryache jacob. The one was fruitful, the other did desire help, by the means of Mandrake, brought out of the Fields, by the hands of Reuben Leas son. This herb hath a long large root, 
Gene. xxx. This place proveth not the Mandrake will help conception, but Mandrake will cleanse the matrix, or cast forth the dead child from the same, than it will kill the living seed. Dioscorides▪ is of that mind.  with two Legs in form, one wrapped about the other: and fine roots like hair, growing upon it. But no arms, feet, fingers, hands, head, nor stalks, but the leaves creep out of the ground: of which herb be two kinds, male, and female, the male greater than the female. This herb is cold in the third degree, & hath virtue, to 'cause deep sleep: the strength is in the Apple, and in the rind of the root. The remnant, that is in the leaves, and inward parts of the root, is but weak saith Galen: the seeds of the apple, saith Dioscorides, being drunk, will purge the Belly. The juice of this herb pressed forth, and kept in a close earthen vessel, according to art, bringeth sleep, and casteth men into a trans on a deep terrible dream, until he be cut of the stone. etc. This herb sodden in Wine unto the third part, doth purge black choler as well as Elleborus niger will do. This herb stamped, and applied upon a wound or ulcer, doth heal the same, and so naturally, that it will suffer no scar or mark called Stigma to remain: the leaves be preserved in Salt, for the same purpose. The green leaves stamped, and applied with the white of an Egg to the eyes, do assuage the swelling, burning, or dropping of them: if the root be cut in sundry places, 
The virtue of Mandrack, is to make one to sleep.  there will come forth a worthy juice to anoint the forehead, to bring sleep. Pessaries be made of this, which will draw forth dead children, from the matrix: Therefore rightly to say, it doth rather hinder then further conception: the root is unpleasant to smell upon, and pestiferous, saith Pliny. The juice must be gathered, when Grapes be ripe, and clarified in the Son, & kept close. The apples must be dried in the sun, & the root must be sodden in old dark coloured Wine, which Wine must be sodden to the third part: the apples may be bruised & kept in unripe oil Olife in the Sun. All these be good to cool, to 'cause sleep, moderately used. Two halfpenny weight of the powder of the rind thereof, 
Mandrake was called Circaeum and also Anthropomorphos.  may be drunk in sweet Water for the Kings evil, or lack of sleep. The juice thereof with oil & Honey, healeth wounds: and thus I end of Mandrack, which in old time, it was called Circaeum, of Wytches, which had virtue (said they) or craft to transform, both man beast, and herb out of kind. Among all other, they wrought Wonders by this herb, to provoke, bewitch, or cast men into mad blind fantasies, or frenses, called Love, which rather may be termed, noisome beastly Lust, and when it is wrought by herbs, foolishness.  Marcellus. 
What is to be said of Crowfoote, wherefore is it good?  Hilarius. 
This herb is called Ranunculus, or Frogwort: 
Of sundry kinds of Crowfoote called Ranunculi, or little Frogs grass.  of this Crowfoote Dioscorides found four kinds, lib. 2. Capit. 171. But since his days, three kinds more be found: these be herbs both of the water, whereas Frogs do cast their Sperma or seed, in which herb, they do greatly rejoice. And also of the land, as Garden, meadow, and Wood Crowfoote: this herb is commonly known. Some have white Flowers, some yellow, some Purple: some have leaves like Coriander, some have leaves like bears foot, growing upon the top of the stalk, having long roots. Another hath broad jagged leaves, growing near the ground, but upward smaller leaves like Crowfoote, do grow upon the branches. These herbs be vehemently hot and dry, 
Dioscorides lib. 2. Cap. 171  and do ulcerate and blister the skin, wherewith valiant beggars, do blister their legs and faces, which maketh them to seem Leprous, and whosoever doth eat of these herbs, shall be smitten into madness. Their sinews shallbe shrunk, and they shall laugh themselves to death, if they do eat of the kind of Crowfoote, called Apium risus as Pliny doth testify: the root thereof dried, provoketh sneezing, and is good to be put in an hollow tooth, to break it, and draw it forth without pain. The juice of this herb, tempered with bears grease, will bring hair to the bald head. Also this juice taketh away scabs, and crusty scurfs from the legs and arms, of sore people. And tempered with swine's grease, it helpeth the swelling of the throat. And thus I end of Crowfoote.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Aconitum?  Hilarius 
THis herb is venomous, whereof be two kinds: the one is called Pardalianches, 
A conitum Libardes. bane.  or Liberdes' bane. The other is called Licoctonon, or Wolves poison. The first hath three or four leaves, growing in the top, with a round berry in the mids, and no leaves upon the branch, having a long root like a Serpent, very rugged. The second hath many leaves upon the branch or stalk, like unto Crowfoote, with yellow flowers in the top like Brome, with long divided black roots. This herb groweth in May, and is acorosive burning, poisoning, and killing. The powder of this root, put into pieces or baits of flesh, poisoneth Wild beasts: as Wolves, Foxes, Gray's, Polcattes. etc. and is venomous for mankind: 
To poison Wolves and Foxes.  and there is no remedy, but to drink oil, and to provoke vomit, to expulse the poison.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Geranium, called Shepherds needell?  Hilarius. 
This herb is called the Storks bill, or Crane's beak, for there grow out of the flower, 
Shepherds' Needle. Geranium.  seeds like Bodkins or needles, whereof there be six kinds. Some of their leaves be like Crowefoote: and some like unto Mugwort. Some have purple Flowers, and they be the first kind: and some white, with read roots, but some of them have white roots. And they be all of nature stopping and drying, the roots be sweet of the first kind, 
Diosco. lib. 3 Cap. 114.  and read also. Dioscorides saith, that if a dram of the first kind of the herb, be drunk in wine, it doth assuage the swelling of the matrix, and Belly, and healeth the cough of the lungs: Paulus Aegineta is of the same mind. But you must take the first kind, whose leaves be in form, between the leaves of Rocket and Mugwort: with the long read root, called Geranium primum. This root will break the stone, and cleanse the reins and bladder. This herb & the third kind, with blue flowers, do heal wounds and sores: and the same third is called Dovesfoote, which if it be sodden, and applied on sores, it will heal them. The first kind with Myrrh, 
Doves foote·  and Pepper, sodden in Wine, is good against the Dropsy, colic, wind, and wounds within the body, and crick in the neck. There is also a kind of this Geranium, which is good for wounds, called herb Robert: but rather I take it to be called Ruberta, a rubro colore, an herb of a read colour. 
Herb Robert  And thus I do conclude of Geranium, called Storks bill, or Shepherds' needle: Whereof the first kind, is the best for the stone, and reins, & outward wounds. The doves foot is good for sores & festers, so is herb Robert: all the other be evil and venomous inwardly taken, but yet for drying master sores outwardly, they be tolerable. And thus I make an end of Geranium, called crow foot.  Marcellus. 
What virtue is there in Angelica, that sweet root?  Hilarius. 
This herb Angelica is very long leaved, indented, 

Angelica, or Angels bloom,  
Some call it Radix sancti Spiritus, the root of the holy Ghost.   or hath small teeth like elder, a great stalk, and hollow, a big sweet root, black without, and white within, Purple flowers with white spots, and great broad seeds. This is called the Angel's herb, which is of two kinds, of the garden and of the field: this herb excelleth all other, against poison, and is hot and dry. It doth open, warm, dissolve, & is good against the fearful dangerous plague, called the pestilence, if it be but bitten upon, much more it is effectual being drunk in the morning. The powder drunk with Wine ten grain weight, or the water drunk twenty drops in the morning in Wine, is a goodly armour against poison, foul air or plague: this cleanseth the Lungs, Breast, Guts, reins, 
Angelica. defendeth the pestilence.  & Bladder. This herb sudden in Wine, & Water, doth heal inward wounds: & this doth strengthen the heart, and drieth superfluous moisture as the dropsy, and Timpany. And they which can not keep their meat, for weakness, through vomits, let them drink this. It delivereth from biting of Serpents, as Snakes, or else any prick or wound, if it be sodden with rue, honey, and Wine. It hath one virtue, excellent for young lusty, 
Angelica preserveth chastity.  single People, to quench carnal rage, or youthful lust: if one do bite or swallow ʒ. ss. of this, it will extinguish the same▪ with many more virtues, for the which few herbs, are to be compared to it.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Lagopus, with three leaves growing upon the stalk, and a rough flower, like an Haresfoote, it groweth in Corn, in Harvest time?  Hilarius. 
This is called Lagopus, or Hare's foot, it hath growing near the flowers, three leaves together, in sundry places, 
Hare's foot Lagopus.  and is also called the triple Hare's foot. And is of a drying virtue, saith Galen, and sodden in Wine and drunk, it doth stop the Belly in a Flix: and this also affirm Dioscorides and Pliny.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Lunaria, that increaseth & deminisheth in one month?  Hilarius. 

Lunaria or the herb of the Moon.  THis herb springeth in the end of May, sending from the stalk xiiij leaves, growing seven against seven, in the form of little hearts, but green in colour, in the top it beareth seeds, like Beat seed, and is cold and dry of nature. O how this herb prevaileth, or excelleth in healing of wounds, knitting them up, making no scar▪ Goodly salves be made thereof so there be Balms also: this herb in read Wine drunk, doth stop the whites and Flux which passeth from Women unnaturally. 
Lunaria healeth wounds.   Marcellus. 
What sayest thou of Lysimachus, which is a long herb, bearing a leaf like Sallowes, and is called Woodwaxen?  Hilarius 

Lysimachus stoppeth blood Lysimachus a king of Macedon, found this herb, he was scholar to Calist hens, and one of Alexander's most worthy Captains.  THis herb groweth also among Salowes, of two kinds: one beareth read flowers, and the other yellow or golden flowers, and was found by Lysimachus, it flourisheth in june, and is of virtue drying, and binding: it glueth wounds together, stoppeth blood at the nose, applied to the same: it stoppeth bloody Flix, and terms menstrual, drunk in Wine or Planten water. And the smoke thereof, kill Gnats and Flies, this affirmeth Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny: it is so bitter, that no beast will feed thereof. And it is in English called Woodwaxen, it dieth green.  Marcellus. 
What is that herb, called Hearts horn?  Hilarius. 

Heart's horn or the stars he. ●.  THis herb called Cornu Cerui, Hearts Horn, some call it Pes Cornicis, crows foot. Some herba Stellae, because it spreadeth abroad with jagged leaves, or beams like a Star, growing flat, near the ground, with flowers growing much like small Lavender, but yellow. Pliny writeth of this herb. lib 24. Cap. 19 This herb helpeth the flux, and is good in Salads. The roots sodden & eaten, saith Dioscorides, and Galen, do help the Ilias, and stop blood in new wounds. etc.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Safron?  Hilarius. 
OVID that pleasant Poet feigneth, that a young man called Crocus, was transformed into Safron, 
Crocus Safron.  for the lout of a Virgin named Smilax as it is written: Crocus with Smilax was turned into small flowers: 

ovid.  Et Crocum in paruos versum cum Smilace flores.   
This Safron is commonly known here in England, both in Norfolk, Cambridge shire, and Essex. etc. with purple flowers, with yellow small Chives, and heads growing in the ground, wherein be cloves of yearly increase. The best Safron in all this world, doth grow say sundry Writers, 
The best Safron of this World, where i● is.  upon a Mountain called Coricos in Sycill, the next in Lycas in Asia the less. etc. But let us go no further than this our natural realm, in which assuredly there groweth such Safron as there is no better in Europe. The flower doth spring of this before the leaf, it is hot in the first degree, 
Against drunkenness, Safron helpeth.  and dry in the second: it doth warm, make, soft, digest, provoke urine, & make good colour in the face. It comforteth the heart, and defendeth drunkenness, moveth Venus: and ʒ. ij. is good against poison, and it will reconcile sleep: tempered with Rose water and Woman's Milk, & dropped into the eye, 
A singular medicine for the pestilence.  it will take away dropping and dimness. Oil of bitter Almonds, and the powder of Safron, warm powered into the deaf ear, doth help the organ of hearing. The powder of Safron ten grains, Walnuts, twenty grains Figs. ʒ. ij. & six Sage leaves stamped together, with. ʒ. j. of Pimpernel water, and three grains of Mithridatum: keep this in a close glass, and eat thereof in the morning twelve grains, and this will defend the receiver thereof, from the Pestilence. Many godly Medicines be made of Safron, as Diacurcuma against the jaundice: and it is put in many Antidotaries, and also plasters, as Oxicroceum. etc. and with ointments against Palsy and Gout. Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny affirm the same. Simeon Sethi saith, Safron, Milk, Rose water▪ & Opium tempered together: do make a goodly medicine against the pains of the feet. 
Safron hath many virtues  Safron stamped with Beat leaves, do reconcile sleep, applied to the forehead. Safron is good against all manner of swelling in the breast, wind in the Belly and Guts: & stopping of the mouth of the matrix, either in ointment, or drink. It is a good cordial, to be used in the meats, of melancholy persons, to rejoice, & make glad a weak heart. And thus I do end of this our English spice, my dear Marcellus.  Marcellus. 
WHat say you of a thistle, growing near the Sea side, called Eryngium, or Carduus Marinus: I have seen much thereof growing between Lestoffe road, & Orforde nesse, by the Shore side in Suffolk.  Hilarius 
THis in deed is called Eryngium, 
The sea Thistle, called Eringus, which is so called, be cause if the root be sodden and conserved with Honey 〈◊〉 Cloves it will preserve nature, or life him up, which is decayed, it may come of Erigo, gis, ere●i to lift up, o● repair. Diosco. lib. 3. Capi. lxxj.  but the true name is Centum capita, because of the number of the heads: which is like a thistle with thick pricking leaves, and long roots, whose leaves being yet tender, if they be boiled, they may with Salt, and Oyse, be trimly preserved for Salads. This herb with the roots, as Pliny saith, must be gathered, when the Sun is in Cancer, in the mids of Summer. They be black without, and white within: but some roots of them, be white both within and without, very Aromatik and sweet like spice. This root or herb, being made in powder, infusion or decoction, & drunk, doth cleanse the reins, bladder, and matrix, and 'cause the stopped terms to pass. And it greatly prevaileth against the Colic. and torment of the Guts, drunk, in, or with Hydromel. It is good against the falling sickness, drunk a dram at a time: the roots must be tenderly sodden, and preserved in Succate, to the use of m●●te or medicine in Winter, 
Galenus lib. 7. Simp medi.  as to restore nature, or help the conception of nature: Plinje saith, of this root. ʒ, i. drunk in wine, healeth the prick of any venomous beast, or worm or fever. The juice or oil of this, doth clean recover any venom of the body, infected with a Spider. Heraclydes the Physician did affirm, 
Against poison.  that this herb, the leaf or root, being sodden and drunk, did prevail and overcome the poison of any venomous herb, which any have eaten ignorantly. As Aconitum called Leopards bane. etc. Aetius affirmeth, to drink this xuj. Euenyngs to bedward, and as many mornings, doth heal all infections of the reins, 
Eringium helpeth them which can not make water, or which have eaten any venomous herb sayerh Ateius and Heraclyde●.  stopping of the urine, or stone. This Eryngium is of nature somewhat warm, and very dry.  Marcellus. 
There is a thistle called Chameleon, wherefore is it good, and why is it so called?  Hilarius. 
FIrst, to the virtue of this Thistel, it is ripe in August: and the root is hot in the second degree, 
The Boar or carl Thistles 〈◊〉 Chameleon.  and dry in the third. This root sodden in Ale or Wine, and drunk, doth kill the worms in the chest and belly One dram of the powder thereof, drunk in sharp old wine, wherein Organ hath been sodden, will help the Dropsy, and also the same will provoke urine, and break the stone. 
The thistle healeth the Pestilence.  It is drunk in wine in place of treacle, saith Dioscorides, lib. iij. Cap. ix. when Charles the great, his army began to be diminished, through an horrible Pestilence, he was warned to use none other medicine, but only that every soldier should drink. 
Note that the black Thistel root with swine's grease and Brimstone will heal scabs and itch.  ʒ. i. of it in wine: which being done, the said Pestilence did cease presently▪ This root sodden, the decoction thereof holden in the mouth, will loose rotten teeth, so that with little help, they may be drawn. Theophrastus' lib. ix. Cap. xiii. de plantarum historia saith, that there is distance, between the virtues of these two roots. The one is black, the other white, which white is best, to do as is aforesaid. Further, the juice of these roots, will kill dogs & swine: if it be put into their meats, Pliny affirmeth the same. Now to the name, which is called Chameleon not only because it is divers of colour as having blue flowers, speckled leaves, which is the black kind. etc. The white hath a long root, no stalks, Leaves like wild Artychokes, great head, many sharp pricks, with plumes shaken, or blown away with wind. And to conclude, look upon what soil or Earth so ever these thistles▪ grow upon they will change their colours like the same. As a little beast, which is in Ind, called Chameleon, spotted like a Libard, which changeth into divers colours, 
Of the littie. beast called Chameleon.  according unto the thing, which it seethe. This beast doth never eat nor drink▪ nor wink, but liveth by the air only: which little beasts, be yearly brought from Barbary, by the ships of London, into this Realm.  Marcellus. 
What is to be spoken of Dyer's flowers, called flos Tinctorum.  Hilarius. 
This is along herb, with yellow flowers, having small black Cods, in which the seed is like Lentelles, the leaves be like Hyssop, 
Flos tinctoris  but much larger and longer. This is hot and dry, in the second degree, and is of the nature of Brome: 
To vomit.  and this herb is good for a man. ʒ. j.ss. either the herb or seed to drink to provoke vomit, to cleanse the stomach, & purge the reins. Drunk two sundry times, it will provoke urine, when it is stopped.  Marcellus. 
What say you of rubia Tinctorum, called Madder?  Hilarius. 
THere be of them two kinds, the garden Madder, 
Madder with read roots.  with quadrangle stalks, and sharp, and at every joint, the leaves grow round about the stalk: the berries be round and green, when they are young, being ripe, then are they black: the roots long, small, & read of colour. The wild Madder is less, with stalks four square, leaves compassing them like Stars: flowers white, but roots not so rough. 
Dioscorides lib. ● cap. 143  This herb is called of the Greeks Erythrodanon, with this, Dyer's colour their Wool withal: it is hot in the second degree, and dry in the third. This will cleanse the bladder, break the stone, and force urine, saith Auerhois, and is good to be drunk against bruises, and the Pestilence: 
Against the Pestilence.  drunk in sweet water, it helpeth the kings evil. The roots or berries sodden, saith Galen lib. vj. simplic. medicamen. will cleanse the liver, Spleen, Gall, Urine, Matrix, bruisings, and the pains in the joints, chief the huckle bones, called Ischias or Sciatica.  Marcellus. 
What is Paritorie of virtue?  Hilarius. 
Partridges do delight to feed upon this herb, Galen saith, 
Parietaria that g●o● upon stone. walls.  it hath virtue to cleanse, stop, and cool: therefore it hath virtue to help flegmon. From the beginning, augmenting, unto the state of the said flegmon, the hotter any Apostumation is the better this herb will help the same: if you make a plaster of this Parietaria, it is good to cleanse the lungs▪ when they are stopped, for it hath virtue to scour or cleanse. No herb is better to make clean glass, than this herb as Galen affirmeth, if it be incorporate with Salt: it will help the hemorrhoids, & a Fistula. The juice of this being drunk, cleanseth the reins, and by little & little, doth break the stone: and anoint Shingles, or saint Anthony's fire therewith, and health will follow the same with speed. 
For the gout  The same juice with Wax, and goats tallow melted together is a good plaster, for to take the pain of the gout away saith Pliny: this juice also with Oil of Roses, powered warm into the ear, will take away the pain.  Marcellus. 
What say you then to Cartamus?  Hilarius. 
IT is called wild Safron of the garden, with indented leaves, 
Cartamus or wild safron  sharp ends, the flowers yellow, and knops as big as Olives. The Seeds white and red, long and cornered: the Seed is hot in the third degree: the juice of this seed pressed forth, drunk with the Broth of a chicken, will purge the belly, and to the stomach it is noisome: the juice tempered with Niter, 
Cartamus cleanseth humours.  Almonds, Honey, and Anisseedes, beaten together, is very beneficial to cleanse the guts. To eat thereof the third part of a walnut, before supper, it is very good for to convey excrements, & superfluous humours, and it fortifyeth digestion.  Marcellus. 
What is Spurge, or Purge of Nature?  Hilarius. 
THere is one kind▪ called Ricinus or palma Christi: whereof there is Oil made for Lamps, 
Great spurge called Ricinus in Dioscorides days xxx. Seeds, but now eight will suffice because nature is weaker, Dioscorides lib. 4. cap. 158.  and plasters called oleum Ricinium. Dioscorides saith if xxx seeds thereof, be clean blanched from the rind, and stamped, then drink this saith he, & it will purge phlegm and choler, and Water downward. This seed will trouble the stomach, and 'cause strong vomits: the juice thereof will cleanse the face from pimples and spots, and make smooth the skin from warts, broken with Oil of Tartar, and anoint the place withal: this is hot in the third degree, and skowreth, warmeth, and cleanseth: the leaves be like fig leaves. Then there be seven kinds of the Tithimal●, 
Larhyris, or Cataputia minor, or the leave Spurge.  sayeth Dioscorides lib. iiij. Capi. Clix. and other old writers: which herbs be called goats Lettuce, or the Milk herb, for if you break of a piece thereof, drops of bitter Milk will follow▪ But to our common Catapucia or Spurge, this is hot in the third degree, and dry in the second and is used to cleanse the body from phlegm, 
To purge choler.  choler, and melancholy, sodden in the broth of a chicken with Polopodie, Damask Prunes, & Mirobolans, and also the herb called Mercury. I do here by occasion put to Mercury, this word (herb) because through the absence of a Cook, 
Note.  in the time when he should have made his lords broth in the Kitchen, an ignorant fellow, did put into his pot Mercuri Sublimated, 
Quid pro quo was given to the Lord Wharton in his pottage of ignorance to his great peril of life.  that is Chalcantum, Quicksilver, vinegar, and Salt Armoniac together, which he sent for quickly to the Apothicaries' shop: thinking it had been a pleasant, or else a very wholesome confection, or at the lest the same Mercury, which the foresaid Cook, did put daily into the pot, for the health of his Lord and master. But eftsoons, contrary to his purpose, or intent, this broth in whom the lurking, sleeping, venom was spread, was received into the body, of the good LORD Wharton, in whom if withal speed, medicine had not gotten the happy victory by vomits, etc. this Noble Gentleman had there lost his life, whose death had been no small want unto the public wealth of his country. Nor yet no little comfort unto the foreign enemy: sutth a violence I say, would deadly poison have done in one hour by death upon him, whom Fortune, Wisdom, and honour had advanced, and nourished many years with happy life. And now again to the matter, Marcellus, I neither do abuse the time, nor yet use to much copy of words, when I speak of Mercury, to put this word (herb) thereunto. Unless some should, or would, mistake the matter▪ as this good fellow did. And further note, 
Tithimalus Characias. or Lathyris is good in medicine to purge melancholy. Choler and phlegm.  that the powder of this Spurge, supped up with a little Cinnamon▪ in the broth of a Chiken, or else a rear Egg in the morning, will purge gross phlegm very gently, Even so it will do, if it be taken with Honey of Roses. Seven seeds eaten, saith Dioscorides, in a Fig, will purge melancholy and Water. The said Seeds seem sweet, but they purge by vomit vehemently. Pliny affirmeth, that if one which hath the dropsy, 
Sundry kinds of spurge, but yet very perilous, the great spurge and the second excepted, for they be good.  do drink twenty grains of them in pure sweet water, he shallbe delivered from the dropsy. All the other Spurges as Mirsenites, having leaves like Mirte, are perilous that grow by the sea side. Ciparistus like a Cypress tree. Helioscopius that turneth with the Son, from morning until night. And the rest of them, be all hot in the fourth degree, and venomous, burning, as Galen saith, and what part of the Body so ever they take, forthwith they do blister the same, therefore it can not be taken without danger. Howbeit, Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny affirm, that it will help the tooth ach, tempered with wax: and a dram of the root, drunken with Hydromell, will purge phlegm downward. etc. Thus I do end of Spurge.  Marcellus. 
What is the yellow wall Gillyflower, and the white and yellow Gillyflower, called sweet William, or hearts ease?  Hilarius, 
THis sweet herb is called viola alba, or Cheiri, the white Violet that is one kind: there is also a purple, the third is yellow, 
Viola Lutea the yellow, Violet, the wall Gillow-flower.  these be all sweet, and very pleasant. They flourish in may and grow a cubit long: and when their flowers do fade, the seed doth grow in cods, they be garden flowers, and of nature be hot and cleansing. The yellow, sayeth Dioscorides, is best in medicine, the flowers may be kept dry to be drunk, to purge the stopped terms. And of the seed. li. ℥. sodden in wine, and drunk, do quickly convey, or bring forth the dead child, and the seconds. The roots sodden in Vinegar, be good to anoint flegmon, and the gout: and the same root sodden softly with Vinegar, and Oil of Roses, will help the liver and spleen, to anoint them, when they be swelled, or hardened. This will the yellow gillyflowers do, beside there is a precious Oil made thereof: which will help the reins and bladder, 
Flegmon is a certain apostimation of corrupted blood, gathered into one place.  or pains in the joints, or sinews, As appeareth in the compounds, and it is there called Olium de violata alba. Now to conclude of this herb, the juice thereof tempered with honey, healeth sores in the mouth and head: And with wax, the broken skin fretted with wind in March, called chaps, be made whole. And thus I end of this herb, which is commonly called Sweet William, or Heart's ease: God sand thee hearts ease, dear Marcellus. For it is much better with poverty to have the same, than to be a king, 
The greatest treasure of this world, is a quiet mind.  with a miserable mind. For, from thence springeth either felicity, or adversity: an Image of heaven with joy, or else hell with inward horror of mind, and vexation.  Marcellus. 
I Do heartily thank you, for wishing to me so precious a jewel, so rich a treasure, 
Hearts ease, or quietness of the mind.  and so heavenly a comfort. For what is more to be desired, than hearts ease? Nothing. For when adversity cometh in at the one door, eftsoons, hearts ease doth run out at the other. For they can not devil together in one place. Why so? They be, two. extreme contraries, and marvelous affections of the mind felt, and not seen, although oftentimes things, which are seen, may be a means to bring quietness to the mind, and ease to the heart for a time. But rather my dear Hilarius, there be which affirm that heart's ease or rest, cometh by the ear, For say they, there is no rest in the heart of the Infidel, but in the believing man: 
perfit hearts, rest and true quietness of mind.  and there can be no faith, without hearing. and not the sight of things worldly bringeth faith, which faith giveth the true hearts ease, passing all other jewels. And albeit Hilarius, thou art not without worldly hearts ease, which I grant, doth please sometime thy vain delight. Yet I pray God give thee, but one handful of heavenly hearts ease, which passeth all the pleasant flowers, that grow in this World. Now what be the virtues of Hermodactilj, I pray you tell me.  Hilarius. 

Hermodactili. of ii kinds. Colchicum & Ephemerum, called the fingers of Hermis▪ or else of Mercurius, one is like  HERMODACTILI, be of two kinds, the first is Colchicum wild Bulbus, or great wild Safron, having great round heads within the ground like Onions, and with black rinds, and Flowers like Saffron, read seed, but shining white and read chives, but very great, and a span long: sweet juice, and it flourisheth in the Spring. The second is like a Lily, with tender leaves, white flowers, bitter seed, one long root, of the bigness of a finger. 
Safron, the other like lilies.  And both these Hermodactiljs be called Mercuryes fingers. Colchicum is of nature hot and dry, in the second degree. Paulus Aeginetae. lib seven. sayeth the root of Colchis, sodden by itself, do purge the belly, and helpeth morbus articularis, which is the sickness of the joints: as the Gout, the Sciatica, and the pains in the joints of the hands, called Chyragra. The roots be perilous to be eaten, as other wholesome roots are in meat, as a Sallette: for they will put one in danger of choking, or strangling. 
Colchis roots will strangle one take heed thereof, although they seem sw●ete  But they will purge the superfluous humours, and blood downward and be venomous, saith Dioscorides lib. iiij. cap. lxxix, Yet saith he, they be sweet, and sometime the ignorant do eat them for Bulbi, a kind of sweet roots: but the remedy is, only to drink a great draft of milk. Their roots and flowers stamped, will kill Lice, anoint children's heads therewith. The second kind of Hermodactilj is called wild Iris, or Flowerdeluce of the field, 
Hermodactilus will kill Lice.  or lilium convallium, the roots sodden, the decoction of them, doth cleanse the filthy teeth that stinketh: the leaves sodden in Wine, do dissolve humours, gathered into apostumation, if it be warm washed often times therewith, specially hot apostumes, or swellings gathered of Choler. Galen doth remember these Hermodactili, calling them Ephemerum colchicum, or Iris, describing the same, as is aforesaid, with the same virtues, lib. seven. simplicium medicamentorum.  Marcellus. 
WHat virtue is in the herb Rumex, called the great Dock, 
Of Rumex▪ the Dock. Monks Rhubarb, or bastard Mercury.  I mean not the sorrel, called Acedula, whereof you answered me before in this book.  Hilarius. 
I Know your meaning very well, of that wild herb, which groweth commonly by paths, hedges, and waters sides. 
Monks Rhubarb.  And of this kind, there is one called Monks Rhubarb, which groweth in gardens, the other is wild and with lesser leaves. Marcellus, the blind ignorant people, have of long time not a little erred, in one kind of Lappa or Rumex. I mean neither Sorrel, nor the common wild Dock, or the bastard Rhubarb: 
They which call Rumex with the golden Sand, Mercury, do greatly err.  but that which is commonly called Mercury, with golden sands, upon the back sides of the leaves, great roots, clusters of seeds, leaves like a broad spear head, not purfled about with jags, or small teeth like a saw, which in deed the very Mercury hath, with one only root. Whereupon many small fine roots do grow, like a bush: and this Mercury is much like unto wild Hemp. But this bastard Mercury, whereof I have now spoken called Rumex, is none other but a kind of dock, which being sodden, or used in Clyster, will move the belly to be laxative. And is good to be sodden in broths for them which have the yellow jaundice. And the root of this Dock, which is yellow, is also good for the same purpose, & for the Tympany of water: 
Of the great Dock, how it purgeth.  a dram of the powder, of the monks Rhubarb, called the garden Dock, drunk in wine, will purge phlegm, water, and choler downward. The herbs well sodden in Wine, and applied to the swelling of the throat, will speedily help the same. And thus I do end of Rumex, called the Dock, and also of the bastard Mercury, which master Leonard Fuchsius, doth affirm to be Rumex, in his books of plants. Chapit. Clxxiiii And some there be, 
Of the herb called Atriplex or Arage  which affirm this bastard Mercury, to be one kind of Atriplex, but read Atriplex is Arage, a garden herb, which will quickly spring forth, to do pleasure to mankind. And is called the golden herb, because of his yellow flowers: and of nature is moist in the second▪ and cold in the first degree, 
The kings evil.  And this herb raw or sodden, will move the belly to be laxative, and is good in Clysters: the seeds thereof drunk with sweet water, will very quickly help the kings evil, saith Dioscorides, & Galen affirmeth the same. And furthermore, that it will open the Gall, and purge choler: Pliny would that the Water, 
Shifted water. often times▪ when Atriplex is sodden  wherein Atriplex is sodden should be often times shifted or else it will hurt the stomach and infect the face with little spots or pimples. With beets, saith Hippocrates, it is good to wash, or cleanse the mouth of the matrix: with Honey and Uinegar tempered, it healeth the Shyngles. This Garden Atriplex is good for medicine: but the wild Atriplex, 
To die the hair.  or golden Arage is only good to change the colour, and make the hair yellow, with Barbary barks, and the Flowers of Calendula, called the Marigold. And thus I end of Atriplex, called Arage or Chrysolochanon, or the golden herb. 
Chrysolochanon.   Marcellus. 
What then of Germander, called Quercula minor, the little Ox?  Hilarius. 

Quercula minor the little Oak, or Germander.  IT is called Quercula minor, because the leaves thereof be like unto Oaken leaves, although very small: It is even so named Chamaedris, of a very low Oak of the ground, it is named Serrata, for it was first found by this Germander is commonly known, and dieth not in Winter, the flowers be Purple. And this will grow in rocky places of his own nature, although plenty grow in Gardens: it flowrisheth in july, it is hot & dry, saith Galen, in the third degree. But my friend Marcellus, understand this, that although Galen saith so, yet for all that, the herbs here in England, be not so hot of nature, as they be in the hot country of Greece, 
A good note of the nature of herbs.  where as Galen was borne, therefore, observe the Climate and Region, and then you shall do very well. Now to this herb, which is scant so hot and dry, Dioscorides affirmeth that this herb green or dry, sodden in Wine or Water, and so drunk, hath all these virtues. It helpeth convulsions, coughs, hardness of the spleen, stopping of urine, Dropses, and forceth the terms to pass. And in the time of peril, the Midwife may give it to the Woman, whose child is dead, to come forth. Drunk with Vinegar, it doth rebate the swelling of the liver, and prevaileth against poison. And drunk with good Wine, and pills of this herb, with Honey, and then swallowed it will purge sores and ulcers. It openeth the stopping of the joints, and drieth gross humours, thus saith Galen, 
Many good virtues of Germander.  Theophrastus affirmeth that the leaves stamped with Oil, will heal wounds: and the seeds draw forth yellow choler, being drunk, and be good for the eyes. The juice of the leaves, tempered with clean oil Olife, will cleanse the dimness of th● sore eyen, sayeth Pliny: and these be goodly virtues, which God hath given to this herb, my friend Marcellus.  Marcellus. 
What is Psyllium.  Hillarius. 

Psyllium called Flewort.  PSyllium is called Fleawort, because the seed is like to Flees, black & hard, which Flees in the North country, be called lops: or else as some do say, whereas this herb is cast green into any house, no Fleas will remain there. It groweth in dry places unsown, the seed is cold in the second degree: with Oil of Roses, Uinegar and this seed stamped together, is good to anoint the joints, swelling, & hot burning pains in the forehead. 
For pains in the head coming of heat. or burning.  This herb or seed, broken in a Leadden mortar, with hogs grease, is good to to heal a foul, burning, rotten ulcer or sore. The juice thereof with Honey, dropped into the ear, will kill Worms, or any Flea cropen therein: and thus much affirm Dioscorides, and Pliny, of this herb.  Marcellus. 
WHat say you of Fox Gloves, commonly the Finger flowers: the flowers of some be yellow, 
Digitales.  & there be of them Carnation in colour? Thus I know them by name and colour: but no further, I can say of them.  Hilarius. 
THou sayest well, I need no further description of them: 

Yellow and Purple Fingers.  
Bitter herbs be hot & dry.   it groweth in mountains, shadow, or rocky places. It is bitter, and therefore it must needs be hot and dry, for Galen lib. iiii. de simplic. medi. facul. cap. xvij. those herbs saith he, which be bitter of taste, do cleanse and purge and do cut away gross matter in the veins. Therefore with bitter things the terms menstrual, and the filth from the breast, and lungs be cleansed, what more? 
To cleanse the stomach.  This herb will do all, or asmutch as Gencian will do: in whose place, this herb called yellow or Purple fingers, is used: these be Galen his words of this herb.  Marcellus. 
ALthough you have showed me the nature of common Garden Mints I had almost forgotten Calamyntes, Organ, and Mariarum I pray you show me some things of them.  Hilarius. 
IT is called calamint, the profitable Mint, 
Calamintha Montana Nepeta. Pulegium. Siluestre.  the virtue thereof causeth Serpents to fly from it: much of this Calamynte doth grow upon Mountains, and is called Calamintha Montana. another kind is called Nepeta, or neep of the garden: an other is Pulegium Siluestre, the wild Pulyall royal of the Wood, with great leaves than Peneroial, called Pulyall, growing in Woods, or moist places. And calamint, is of essence, 
Diosco. lib. 3● Capi. 36.  or being hot & dry in the third degree: the roots be of none effect: or profit, but the leaves be very hot, and eager to taste upon. The virtues of calamint be many, as against poison and stinging of Serpents, either drunk, or anointed: against the strangury, or the stopping of urine. or stone, convultions, pains in the stomach Orthopnaea, which is a disease, 

Orthopnaea difficulty of wind.  
Tormina fretting of the Guts.   that a man can not take his breath but holding his neck upright: Tormina, or pains of the guts, stopping of the terms in women: tercians, and the kings evil. All these be cleansed, opened, and healed, by, and through calamints. drunk in wine: the powder and syrup have the like virtues, the water thereof is but weak, except to stop vomits What more of this herb, it will kill great worms, drunk with Salt and Honey: even so it will Ascarides, which be little round worms, breeding in the long guts of children. Who so hath Elephanticus morbus, which is a lepry, bred of melancholy with swelled flesh, and black spots, and use to eat calamints sodden, or raw, and then drink the juice in Wha●e, shallbe healed of the same leprosy. This sodden in wine, doth take away blue, or black spots from the skin, made by a stripe of hand, wand, or rod, or stumbling against ones fist in the dark, applied to the same stripe: a plaster made thereof, or hot laid upon the huckle Bones, will assuage the pain of Sciatica, and it will draw down humours. The juice will kill worms that be in the ear. Galen doth write very much of calamint. 
The oil of calamints doth warm the body, & is good against the Sciatica.  lib. seven. simplicium medicamen. agreeing with Dioscorides, and doth much commend the Oil of the same, to anoint the body, saying: it will enter quickly, and that it is a present remedy for the Sciatica. And through the bitterness of the same, it will scour, and cleanse the yellow jaundice. and open the Gall. And to conclude, the Mountain Mint with the Purple flowers, having leaves like to Ocimum, 
Organ.  called Basill, Nipotellae, called Neppe, is one of the calamints. So is an other called S. Marry Mint, with flowers like to Chamom●ll. 
Dioscor. lib. 3 C●p. xxviii. xxix.xxx.viii.  Some there be, that do take Organ, to be a kind of Calamyntes: but it is not so, for Organ is a proper herb of itself, in name and nature. And is distinguished in four buy names. Heracleoticum, Onitis, Syluestre, and Tragoriganum, these be sweet herbs: Goats and other beasts love to feed of them. Some of them have leaves like Hisope, but broader: Some like savoury, called Satureia, of increasing of seed, which savoury is near kin in nature to Organ, 
savoury. Maioram  so is Amaracus, called Maioram, or Sampsuchum. These all be herbs very sweet, wholesome, and pleasant, good to mankind, and enemies to venom, & poison of corrupted worms or Serpents: and of nature be hot and dry in the third degree. These herbs will warm all the body, either in bath, or to be anointed with the Oil, against all cold sicknesses, or rigours of trembling. These herbs sodden green in broth, or the powder simply of them put into the same, or else drunk in Wine, or the Syrup thereof, will do thus, as followeth. Help the dullness of sight: provoke sneezing, 
Against evil sight▪ savoury prevaileth.  either in oil or powder: open the reins: provoke urine: force terms menstrual: kill worms in the belly: Cleanse gross phlegm from the Stomach: make good digestion: help the green sickness, nothing better for melancholy, and pains in the left side. Good for the colic, palsy, stinking breath, shortness of wind, or vomits, or swelling with dropsy: There is a forgetful sickness, called Lethargus or Veternus, which is placed in the head, in which the power of reason is contained, through a sickness of phlegm. as a quotidian not purged, or else of Peripneumonia, which is a sickness of the lungs. When through heat, 
Lethargus helped with herbs, hot and dry in the third degree.  phlegm is melted, or made thin eftsoons, drawn to the head: the best remedy is then, to purge the head, with Hierae simplicis. ℥ i ss. & to wear a garland, or cloth full of these herbs, of Organum Maiorum, or savoury. and health will follow: and thus I do end of them.  Marcellus. 
What is Ormyn, Which we do call clary, Gallitricum?  Hillarius. 
ORmin hath stalks four square, leaves grosser than Horhound. flowers in form like the Archangel: but purple coloured, growing about the stalk, 
Orminum Ormyn. Or Clarie.  with black seeds in the Cods. This herb is hot and dry: Dioscorides saith, the seed drunk with wine, will move Venus, with Honey it will cleanse the bloody spots in the eye, this affirm also Paulus and Pliny: and it is good for to cleanse the whites in women, sodden with Planten in read wine and drunk: 
Clarie good for women.  stamped and put to a prick, it will draw it forth of the flesh.  Marcellus. 
WHat is the virtue of wild Basil, called Ocimastrum, having stalks four square: flowers Purple, seeds black, and leaves like unto the king of herbs, 
Ocimastrum wild Basill  for sweetness called Basill.  Hilarius. 
THis groweth in sundry places, and flourisheth in October: bearing the Seeds and Cods, is hot and dry of nature with bitterness. The seed sodden in Wine and drunk warm, helpeth the biting of Serpents, and drunk in wine, with Myrrh and Pepper, it healeth the Sciatica, saith Dioscorides.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of wild water Pepper, an herb so named  Hilarius. 
IT is called Hidropiper, because it groweth in water, 
Hydropiper water pepe●  & the taste thereof burneth in the mouth, as the spice Pepper doth. It hath a very tough stalk, leaves like Mints but broader, th'inner, and whiter, the Seeds grow by the Leaves upon slender Branches, it flourisheth in August. It is hot and dry, 
Dioscorides lib. 2. cap. 155. Gal. lib. 7 Simp. medic.  not so much as Pepper Dioscorides saith, this herb with the seed stamped, anoint the black spot, or hard knot through a stripe therewith, and it shall be healed. If this seed be dried and beaten unto powder mingled with Salt, it is good to eat with meat, or to season flesh. 
Hydropipe one hath leaves like Mints: the other is Persicario with leaves like peaches. and will serve in the place of Pepper.  The root thereof is good for nothing: of this herb be two kinds, the one having leaves like mints: of the second speaketh Matthiolus saying he taketh it to be Persicaria. which hath leaves like Peaches, with colour spotted, somewhat like Puke, of which Persicaria. I have spoken of before.  Marcellus. 
What be the virtues of Aristolochia rotunda, and Longa  Hilarius 
THis Herb is good to quicken the time of Child birth, 
Aristolochia Rotunda Longa Clematis. Dioscot. lib. 3. Cap. 155..  and expulse the seconds, whereof there be three kinds: one round with leaves like ivy, but rounder, with round roots: from which herb cometh a pleasant sharp savour white flowers upon pretty red knops, this is Rotunda, or round, the Female: an other is called Longa, or long with long roots and leaves, small branches, purple flowers, and stinking, when it doth grow: and is of the fashion of a Pear. Both of them have berries like Capers very bitter, of colour like Box, and do stink. 
Galen. lib. seven Simplic. medic.  Now to the third which is sweet having small roots and flowers like Rue or herb grace. The round root is the best in medicine, as salve, powder, & Oil. The fume or smoke thereof put under beds, or the cradles of young children, is very wholesome & putteth away air of infection: this herb is most bitter & somewhat sharp hot and dry in the second degree. This herb hath virtues to incarnate ulcers and wounds, with cleansing and mundifying them: and will extenuate and make thin Gross humour, and knitteth. The root or kernels thereof, dried and beaten into powder with Pepper and mire mingled together, is wholesome to rub the gums and teeth, when they be foul & cankered. The powder is good to takeaway dead flesh, to be put into a fistula, to cleanse it: even so it will help the conduit of the urine, conveyed in with a syringe or instrument when it is corrupted with burning heat, or ulcered: a foment Oil and wine, and this root will bring forth a young child. Gentian Aristolochia, and Honey, make a wholesome confection, for a stinking breath. 

Aristolochia helpeth Cankers and burnings.  
Many good virtues of Aristolochia.   The second two. kinds saith Pliny, drunk with wine, or water, be good to be given them, which have the cramp, or have fallen down from some high place, being sore bruised. The seed drunk, is good against the pleurisy and worms, with rosin and wax, this root, or roots, in powder, withdraw corns from the feet, and also draw pricks, needles, & arrow heads from the Flesh. With vinegar, this powder will, heal a green, wound: it is drunk against the falling sickness, and shortness of wind. And this root must be gathered in April.  Marcellus. 
VUhat is the virtue of that wild clyminge vine, with the great white root, stinking berries, read of Colour, and leaves like unto Hops, or wild Fyges?  Hilarius 
THis is a hedge weed in every place commonly growing, and creepeth about bushes, 
Brionia vitis alba, or the wild tunning vine.  branches, boughs and trees it flourisheth until Harvest the branches be somewhat bitter and sharp, & stopping of nature. The root doth dry with moderate warms, in the second degree, it hath virtue to cleanse skoure with maturation or ripeness. 
To heal sores with Brionia.  The root of this Brion, or the powder of the roots, with smallage. Mallows, clean honey. Flaxeseede in powder, and Barley meal clean Terebinthin, and a little white wine sodden softly together, maketh a medicine to heal Felons and uncomes withal. or bushes. This herb being young and tender, may be eaten as Asparagus may be, saith Dioscorides, for it moveth or provoketh the belly and urine, the leaves, fruit and roots be sharp, and will bite the tongue, if you taste of them. Therefore they will stamp them with Salt, to heal Cankers, filth in hands or feet, or Legs, etc. as sores, foul bushes. etc. This root will cleanse all the filth from the body, 
To cleanse the face with Brionia.  and black spots, blains, blisters, shingles, pimpels called good Ale pearls, tempered with the Powder of fenugreek and the Oil of Tartar. Or else Bryona sodden in white wine, from a quart to a pint, then strain the same, putting some Champhere▪ and wash the infected face every Night with a Sponge, 
Briomia defendeth poison.  and let it dry in. The roots pressed in the Spring, and the juice Drunk with sweet water doth purge fleum: drunk daily in the morning with wine or Ale, well sodden, they help the falling evil, and vertigo Two ounces drunk are good against the poison of Serpents, or venomous drink. But yet it will kill a young child, in the mother's womb. Marry, if the child be dead, by any casualty in the belly, them it will bring it forth by the way of a foment, or application, by iniection into the mouth of the Matrixe. The berries of this broken, do help to cleanse scurf, and filthy Leprosy from the skin. If nurses do kneede their Wheat meal, 
Brionia. increaseth Milk  with the juice of the Bryon berries and bake it in bread, if they eat the same bread, it will increase milk in their breast. But to use it much, except 'cause of infyrmity move the patient, it is hurtful for memory: it helpeth the lungs, Liver, and spleen to be drunk, and draweth forth pricks, & healeth wounds.  Marcellus. 
What is Pellitory of Spain good for?  Hilarius. 
THe flower thereof, put into the nose, 

Sternumentaria  
Pyre●hrum▪  
Ptermic  
Pellitory   will provoke much nesyng: and therefore it is called Ptermica, it hath Flowers like Chamomel, branches much like Sothernwood, It will grow in hard stony places, the root must be digged in the end of Harvest: it is hot and dry in the third degree and in the beginning of the fourth, specially if it be dried. The leaves with the flowers stamped together, 
Dioscoridesi lib. 3. cap. 71  will make a good ointment to take away Marks made with stripes, causing blue or black spots in the face or any part of the body. The roots have virtue to draw filth and cold humour from the corrupt pained teeth, saith Galen lib seven. simplicium medic. But if the said roots be first steeped in strong Vinegar and beaten in a mortar, and small round pills made of them, 
Pellitory hath virtue to help the teeth.  putting them into the mouth, they will draw much filth from the paller of the mouth and gums, and finally ease the tooth ache. Or the said roots or juice of them sodden in Oil, will put away a cold Fever, 
Pellitory will take away a cold Fever.  if the body be well anointed therewith against a Fever before the fit do come, either in tertian or quarten. And it is a good oil for a cold stomach, that is swelled: and thus I do end of Pellitory.  Marcellus. 
what virtue is in a weed which we call Goosegrasse, some people calit Hare weed? It groweth it hedges, in hath rough leaves, and berries which berries hung by couples, and will cleave to men or women's clotheses, and therefore some do call it clever grass, with white flowers, white round seeds, like navel.  Hilarius 
YOu have rightly described this herb, 
Philanthropos A perine commonly called goosegrasse, & hareweede. Dioscor. lib. 3. cap. lxxxviij  which in deed beareth all those names among the people: it is called Philanthropos, for it loveth to hung or garment, and go with men. This is a name of property, the very true name is Aparine, it is dry and cleansing: and this herb and seed drunk in wine, prevaileth against stinging of venomous things: and the juice distilled in the ear, helpeth them, that cannot well hear, This herb tempered with fresh swines grease, healeth Struma, or pains in the throat, applied to the same place: the juice thereof saith Pliny stoppeth blood in a fresh wound, and healeth the same.  Marcellus. 

〈…〉 sundry 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 this viscum.  WHat is the virtue of Mislen, growing upon Thorns, Peretrees, & Okes, whereof I have seen great plenty growing in the country of Suffolk, with many goodly herbs and flowers: 
〈…〉  as in these most ancient Parks of Framingham Kelshal, Nettlestede, Lethringham, Parham, Somet, Heningham▪ Westwood, Huntingfeeld, Henham, little Glenham, and Benhal etc. These Parks be old neighbours, God sand them continual friendship with each other in unity, for where as unity is broken, the Park pale will not hold, but fall into sudden ruin and decay, and the Dear will scatter.  Hilarius. 
I Know the places which you have named right well. Furthermore, I commend your good zeal that you bear to that worthy country: wishing their continual unity and concord. I desire the same. For they be people of no less civility then of most ancient good fame and worship: 
Very gentle men spring not by extortion▪ but by true serving their Princes, and living of thei● own, hurting not their poor neighbour, preferring the favour of the country before lucre. which is their chief treasure  descended from houses of fame, worthy of memory, I mean no parks, but people, nor them which have crept under a goose wing, drawing forth a bastard sword no longer than a writing pen, fighting their combat upon the backside of a sheet of paper, to the hurt of many perhaps, and profit of none, but to theimselues only. But of them speak I▪ whose blood hath been shed in the just quarrel of their Princes: whose houses be builded upon hard rocks, of true gotten goods: whose doors be open, keeping hospitality according to their calling, who with the love of the country guard themselves, and with justice defendeth causes of the poor. These be they which be worthy of laud, that thus feareth god: these be the right gentlemen, otherwise not. Now to our matter, from which we a little have digressed. For this Mislen, which is called in Latin Viscum, 
Dioscor. lib. 3. Cap. lxxx. seven Mislen healeth many pertilous sores.  which is hot & tart, having the complexion of air & water. This herb with Rosen and Wax boiled together, will make a medicine to mollify, dissolve, draw forth swelling kernels, distilled of foul humours, gathering behind the ears: or any foul push, fester, or felon, in any other place of the body: tempered with Rosen, it healeth an old ulcer. Take the berries of this Mislen, 

Misteltow or Mislen will make a good ryping plaster and heal corns  
Galen. lib. 6. Simplic. medic.   put thereunto the powder of jet, make it warm apply it to the left side upon Leather when the spleen swelleth, and it will help it. Temper it with Auripigmentum. or unsleaked Lime, and it will draw forth corns. This Mislen saith Galen is one of them, which after the first putting to in any medicine will not be hot but requireth a time, by little & little, as Thapsia doth: & this mislen groweth of no seed, nor will grow upon the earth, but upon the tree through the dung of birds that syttte upon them by night, which by little and little, breaketh through the barks of the tree, into the sap: from whence at length this Viscum doth spring and groweth green in Winter, when the poor naked tree seemeth withered and dead Virgil observing the nature thereof. in the Aenedos. liber. vj. sayeth thus of it. 
Quale solet syluis brumali frigore Viscum  
Frond virere nova, quod non sua seminat arbos. 
Virgil   
The Misteldine by kind, in storms of Winter cold,  
Is never sown yet green doth grow on trees booth bore and old   
Pliny the xuj. book the last chapter, saith there be certain plants, 
Misteltow is not natural in kind but ● bastard branch growing upon some other tree.  which cannot be engendered, or bred upon the earth: for whom nature hath prepared, to take their beginning and nutriment of trees. For when they have no places of their own, than they live upon other, as this Viscum or Misteltow is wont. But now by the way of protestation. What benefit hath that tree, upon whom this Misteltow doth grow? Not more than any member of the body, upon whom a Canker is placed: it will at length desstroy altogether, except it be pulled from the tree, unless it be a mighty tree, strong and full of humour, with plentiful increment, Even so, into what realm or common wealth, Country, Borough, or City, that unnatural strangers, or foreigners, be planted, placed, or as they say, made naylfaste: 
Misteltow is like a stranger that waxeth ●ych and flourisheth by the hurt and loss of a freeborn man of his natural country or city.  forthwith they wax high, I mean wealthy, lusty, and green in Winter: they lack nothing in the time of dearth and misery. When as the natural people, upon whom they have their gain profit, taste of sore labour, lack, loss, hunger, and poverty. And thus I do conclude, both of misery, and Mistleden, remembering Pliny's words in the foresaid Chapter: Namque cum suam sedem non habeant, in aliena viwnt, sicut Viscum.  Marcellus. 
VUhat virtue is in Ebulus, called walwort, which in Suffolk they call Danes weed: it groweth like elder, which leaves be like Walnut leaves, and berries in the top?  Hilarius 
THis herb is of the nature of elder, called Sambucus, 

Sambucus Ebulus.  
Eldern and walewoorte.   of one Sambix, which first found out the virtue of this elder: and of nature is hot and dry, resolveth, and drieth moist sores & ulcers, but is very hurtful to the stomach. 
Dioscor. lib. 4. Cap. Clxviij.  Notwithstanding the tender leaves sodden, and eaten like a salad, purge phlegm and choler. And it is good to heal the dropsy, 
Walewort maketh medicine for the gout, & pains in the joints  and doth mollify the mouth of the matrixe, to make a foment therewith. The juice of this Ebulus or the berries stamped with fresh Grease, and Barley meal, will cleanse deep rotten sores, and cool the burning of a Gout, and pains in the joints. Paulus Aegineta saith, these two. kinds of Elders, do glue and heal: and either eaten or drunk do cast forth water by the belly, and neither parts.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Epithimum?  Hilarius. 
THis Herb doth wrap and fold about Time, 
Eythymum. Diosco. lib. 4. Cap. 172. Galen. lib. 6 Sim. medica.  and is therefore so called: the flower is used much in medicine, and is hot and dry in the third degree, And purgeth Melancholy, Fleum, and gross humours from the head, and doth comfort the heart. Cassutha is hot in the first, and dry in the second degree, and is of great virtue to open the Gall, cleanse the reins, diminish the Spleen. It purgeth, skowreth, phlegm and Choler, and healeth the jaundice: drunk in decoctions, potions, Syruppes. etc. And this Cassutha groweth grosser, 
Epithymum. & Cas●utha helpeth the Liver Gal & spleen.  and larger than Epithimum with white flowers, and no roots: but groweth upon other herbs, as Paritorye, young Flax, and other plants, as Pliny lib. xuj▪ Cap ultimo▪ writeth.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Vngula Caballina or Tussilago?  Hilarius. 
IT is called Vngula Caballina, that is horshove, because no herb is liker: but the Greeks call it Bechion, which is Tussilago, that is, to help the cough. It is commonly known, some call it clot leaves: white on the one side, 

Vngula Cab●llina.  
Horsehove.   and green on the otherside. And groweth near waters, and in fallow lands: the flowers flourish in may only, but the leaves all the Summer, and of nature be cold and moist. These leaves stamped and strained, the juice will heal shingles, skaldinges, burnings, and hot inflammations. Dioscorides, Galen and Pliny affirm, 
Diosco. lib. 3. cap. 10●. Galer. lib. vi. Sim. medica.  that these leaves and roots, being dried and cast upon the coals and so to receive the smoke thereof through a reed or Trunk into the mouth▪ will cleanse the Lungs, and help them, and quickly deliver them from old rothes, and cold coughs.  Marcellus. 

Apiastrum.  What is Apiastrum?  Hilarius. 
APiastrum or Melissa which we name Balm: be of two kinds, garden, and field. Bees love this herb above all other, and it is called the Bees, or honey herb: and is dry in the first, and warm in the second degree. 
Melissa Balm. Dioscor. lib. 3. Cap. ●01. Auecennae in libro medicine.  The juice of this herb, healeth stinging of Bees, Serpents, mad dogs, and wounds, drunk in wine, and cleanseth also the terms menstrual. Nothing doth more comfort the heart, than this herb in decoction, or the water thereof: Borage water, and sign Musk sodden in a clean vessel and drunk when the heart is weak, or in a great Hicker, this herb will cleanse the Lungs, and stop the bloody flux, and pains of the throat called Angina made in a warm plaster. 
Galen lib. 7. Simpli medicamen.  It keepeth vomits, and helpeth colic drunk in wine: Balm & Nuts, stamped with honey, help to lighten the Dull blemished dark eyen, and the sight. It is like Horhounde saith Galen.  Marcellus. 
What is carvi, which we do call Careawayes?  Hilarius. 
THis fine small seed cometh from the country of Cariola in Asia which is the place, 
Caros.  where as they grow very plentifully: this Cary seed, is hot and dry in the third degree. 
Dioscor. lib. 3 Cap. 57 Galen. lib. 7. Sim. medica.  Dioscorides saith, this is the virtue of the seed, pleasant to the mouth, and profitable to the stomach, it provoketh urine, & helpeth digestion, it is good in medicines, and of the nature of Anisseedes: the roots be yellow and to eat upon be better than the Past nip. The seed doth not only extinguish hot swelling and move urine: but the plant also, sayeth Galen: the decoction of Cary wine, is best to be drunk to cleanse the reins.  Marcellus. 
What is Cartafilago  Hilarius 
CArtafilago hath read stalks two cubits long, and hollow long leaves like Sallow, with small teeth like a saw, about them yellow flowers, many Roots, and read without: it flourisheth in August, 
Cartafilago ●ulnararia. Herba.  it is dry, stopping, and binding. This herb is equal to the best healing wound herb: and it will incarnate and heal the said wound, and cleanse the same stamped and put into it. You may dry this herb and make powder thereof, and cast it into a fresh wound, and it will heal speedily. 
A goodly. wound herb.  What is better for a fistula? Prove it I pray you.  Marcellus. 
What is Grummel seed?  Hilarius. 
GRana solis, Millium solis, is commonly known, these seeds be good to be finely beaten in powder, and drunk, 
Grana Solis.  to cleanse the reins and cause urine to pass, that is stopped: Fenel, parsley, and this seed broken in white wine, and let it stand all one night, putting some Seine leaves to the same, and in the morning seethe this in a stone vessel, put in Sugar then strain it, and drink the same: 
To c●use urine to pass plentifully.  it will purge phlegm, choler, and open the reins and bladder, and force forth urine most plentifully.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Cichory?  Hilarius. 
THis Herb is called in Greek Serin, in Latin Intybum, whereo● are two kinds, the wild and tame, 
Sponsa Soli●. Intybus. Endivia. Cichory.  these be the names of Endive and Cichory, that with broader leaves, somewhat like beets, is Endive. The second with jagged leaves, like unto Dandelyon, is Cichorye: these have hard stalks with trim blue flowers like hats, some have white flowers. 
Dioscr. lib. 3. Cap. Cxxu.  These be cold and dry in the second degree: the Endive is more cold than the Cichorye, & be both of a restringing, or stopping, binding nature. These herbs green, both roots and leaves, hath virtue to cool the hot burning of the liver, the stopping of the gall, the yellow jaundice, the heat of the heart, the lack of sleep, the stopping of urine, hot burning fevers, being first digested. The syrup thereof is excellent good against the said sicknesses: the Water cannot be miss in all potions & coolynges, or purging drinks, to purge mankind withal. The waters of Endive, Planten, Roses, and stilled Milk, with fine Bole Armoniake, or seefe without Opium, is good to be cast with a Syringe into the filthy, burned swelled, or corrupted yards, or conduits, of unclean persons.  
For the heat of the liver. R. Endive or Cichory, whytes of Eggs, Barley flower, 
A very good medicine for the ulcer in the yard.  Sanders, clean young fresh swines grease, the oil of Roses, Violets, and water Lilies, wrought together in a Leaden mortar, and applied to the side, spread upon leather. This plaster is very good, against the hot burning gout in the feet, 
A plaster for the liver and gout.  or shingles, or burning in any part of the body. Dandelion is of the same virtue.  Marcellus. 
What is that root Napus called the Nave?  Hilarius. 
IT is called Napus Bunias, because of his own nature, it groweth great and round, whereof be two kinds: one beareth leaves like Rapes, The other like Rocket, but greater, and hath yellow flowers, the Seeds grow in cods, and of Nature be hot in the second degree. The roots of Napee increase wind, and less nourish than Rapes, the sedes be good in many medicines, and prevail against poison. The roots sodden and preserved in salt, be wholesome to eat upon: in Egypt the people make much of this herb.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Rapes.  Hilarius. 
THis Rape is a rural common root, and no less known than common, of two kinds: the tame hath leaves like Radix, and yellow flowers. The other hath blue flowers and small sharp leaves, 
Napus. Bunias.  in the length of a finger, with small teeth like a Saw, round about the said leaf. The garden great Rape doth nourish, inflate, engender, lose or weak flesh, and moveth carnal lust. The root sodden, & warm applied, helpeth a kibed heel, and easeth the gout, make this Root hollow, put therein oil of Roses and Wax, then roast it in hot Ashes, & this will heal kybes, which be deeply rotten or festered within the heel. Seethe Asparagus in the decoction of Rapes and drink the same to purge the bladder, 
Goodly virtues of rapes.  cleanse the reins, and force urine. The seed of Rapes is good in many medicines, 
Plini. lib. 17. cap. xiii.  and in treacle, and expulceth poison: wild Rapes be put in medicines, to cleanse the face, as with lupines, been m●ale. etc. Pliny saith, the seed being sown, within three months following, it will be a great root: but it is very hard in decoction it increaseth wind and seed, sayeth Gal. lib. vi. Simplicium Medicamentorum. There is great plenty of the oil thereof made in England, as in Marsland near to Lin. etc., Very profitable to our common wealth.  Marcellus. 
What is the root called Rhoyda?  Hilarius. 
ROyda is a goodly root, whereof is great plenty in Macedonia, & now in many places of germany, growing in gardens, and is hot & dry in the second degree: it smelleth much like a Rose and these roots stamped, & made warm with oil of Roses applied to the forehead, will assuage the grief, burning heat, lack of sleep, & frenzy, that mankind doth through weakness fall in to. This herb will grow in England also, 
Roid● helpeth the dead.  if idleness were not the let.  Marcellus. 
What is the root called Doronike  Hilarius 
IT is a precious root, growing in Egypt, and is called Doronicus. Actuarius calleth it Carnabadium: it hath many knots, 
Doronicu●. Alexandrie Doronicus do help digestion.  & is no bigger than a man's finger, and is put into confection, for lack of perfect digestion, and against poison, there is no berter Root than this. Ruellius supposeth it to be that, which the Greeks call Arnabo.  Marcellus. 
What is the good of Liquorice roots  Hilarius. 
LIquoryce called Glycerrhiza of the sweetness, 
Liquorice.  groweth great plenty in hot Countries. Even so there is much here in England, the yellower and moister, the better: it is sweet, warm and moist of nature. Liquorice is wholesome against the exasperation, 
Dioscorides. Liquorice helpeth the lungs. & wounds.  or sharpness in Arteries, to bite upon this root, or keep it in the mouth, for that purpose. For the burning heat In the stomach, and sickness of the Lungs, spleen, and old rotten cough, Scabs in the bladder, and soreness in the reins, drunk in potions or broken: Liquorice healeth wounds, if it be anointed therewith. The powder thereof put into the eye, will help Pterygius, which is a little skin growing from the corner, covering the sight. Liquorice, Wine & Honey, healeth both wounds, without and within also  Marcellus. 
I would as gladly learn the virtue of Radish roots for medicine as I have been desirous to feed of them with meat.  Hilarius. 
first I shall declare unto you the name thereof, it is properly called Raphanus because it springeth soddaynelye, and Radix is a name common to all Roots, 
Rapha●u●▪ Radix. radish.  But this Radish beareth the chiefename among other roots: and therefore it is called Radix. Pliny maketh mention of Radish roots lib. nineteen. cap 5. that were as hyg as young infant children. Of Radish roots there be no small store growing about the famous city of London: they be more plentiful than profitable, and more noisome, then nourishing to man's nature, engendering of wind, enemy to the stomach, saith Dioscorides. These be numbered rather among roots used for meat, than accounted of perfect wholesome nutriment: good to be eaten before meat, 
Diosco. lib. 2. cap. 106.  to vomit and cleanse the stomach. But wholesome in the end of meals, for choleric stomachs, a little at once, to help digestion▪ and to distribute the meat: but Galen affirmeth, that tender young Radish with Vinegar, is good sauce in the beginning of Meals, to loose the belly.  
For the plain people do eat these roots with bread, taught by nature, & not by art: 
Gal. lib. 2. de ali●n ento●●m faculratibus.  And so is Organ being green, Cresses, Time, savoury, Peneroyall, Germander, Mints, calamints, Paritory, and Rocket. These herbs and this root, be rather eaten of necessity, then of will and fantasy. But sodden and then prepared with sharp vinegar, Sugar, and sweet clear oil, 
How to use Radi ● roots  are more profitable than crude, raw herbs or roots. Many learned and unlearned, do marvel, saith Galen, why men use to eat them raw after supper, to help digestion: who answereth, long custom hath so taught them. Notwithstanding, the example of such is not to be followed without peril or hurt. Pliny affirmeth, that Raddyshe, sodden in wine, drink that wine in the morning, and it will diminish, and cast forth the stone, open the gall, diminish the spleen, move Venus, cleanse spots and bruises made in the skin by some stripe. Hippocrates saith that if women chafe their heads, 
Radix helpeth the belly.  with Raddysh roots, the hair will fall, and applied to the Navel of women, it will quickly assuage the torment of the belly and Matrix. The juice will h●lpe any pain within the ear, dropped in warm: with many more virtues used in medicine, although abused in meats, through ignorance, in eating them so raw, and out of tyme. Of nature, Garden radish is dry in the second and hot in the third degree. The wild Radish is hotter and drier of nature: the seed is good in medicine to cleanse urine, and Radix loveth to grow in fat grounds.  Marcellus. 
What of Pastnippe▪  Hilarius. 

Pastnips their roots.  THey be called Pastinacae a Pascendo, that is of Feeding, or noryshing, or warming nature: they be pleasant in taste, and move Venus, whereof be wild growing in stony places▪ but the best are sown in Gardens, and of nature be hot and cleansing, The seeds of wild Pastnips drunk will provoke terms menstrual and urine. heal dropsy and Pluritici, and are good against venom, and stinging of Serpents, and help conception. But this Herb applied into the Matrix, by the hand of the midwife. Draweth forth the dead Child, stamped with Honey put upon a spreading ulcer, 
Diosco. lib. 3 Cap. lii. Gal. lib seven. Sim. medica.  it is healed thereby. Those of the Garden are more apt in meat then the wild: and the said wild are more affectual in medicine: one of these parsnips is called yellow Caret, the other a Rape.  Marcellus. 
What is the Sicer, or sweet white Carrot good for?  Hilarius. 

Dioscor. lib. 2. cap. 107, Gal. lib. 8. Sim. medica.  THis root is commonly known, it is no less pleasant to the Mouth, than profitable in meat for the Stomach: it provoketh urine, and helpeth appetite, and is hot in the second degree, And is somewhat bitter, and is called white Pastnip, with yellow flowers, leaved like Pimpernel. The seed sodden in wine and drunk, helpeth the colic, and wind in the stomach, or hicket, which followeth after vomits or weakness of the heart.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Rhubarb?  Hilarius. 
RHeum Barbaricum, or rhubarb, is a noble root of great virtue, 
rhubarb and Rhapontike.  and doth differ from Rhaponticum, is better in purging, in savour, in substance, compact and heavy, golden colowred with grey Turkey coloured veins. dry and in taste bitter, whereas Rhaponticum is light not heavy, not hard with dryness, but soft with moistness, not bitter but tart, not compact, but slender. And therefore rhubarb and Rhapontike, 
The difference between Rhubarb and Rhapontike.  be not both one, as many have most foolishly affirmed, then with good arguments truly proved. And the best Rabarbarium cometh from Troglotide which is a hot country, in the farthest part of Aphrica beyond Ethiopia, where as the people to avoid the extreme heat of the Sun, 
From whence rhubarb. doth come co●●  are constrained to inhabit in Caves, under the earth, and feed on Dragon's Flesh, which were called Barbarous people, from whence many precious gums and spices be brought, as Galen. saith. lib. vj. Simplicium medidicament. and lib. 4. cap. vj. de tuenda sanitate. Ginger is brought saith he, from barbary, which Pliny in lib. xii. cap xxj. calleth Trogleditis which was Barbary. And in his nineteen. book saith he. the cause why Cinnamon is so scarce and of no plenty: the Ireful Barbarians, do burn the Spice trees. For Myrrh cometh from thence Galen and Plini, agreed this to be that Barbary, calling it Trogloditis Pomponius Mela, a great writer in his first book of the situation of the world saith: the vile people, whereas these precious spices and roots do grow, do rather grin like Dogs, than speak like men, and dwell in Holes, and feed on serpent's flesh. And Strabo lib. xv Geographia doth testify, that all kind of Spice and plants begin in Arabia Foelix, and in the South part of Ind, For the Sun taketh like force in them, But in Arabia Foelix, 
The cruelty of the Barbarians, is to burn the Spice trees and plants. Pomponius. Mela lib. 3▪ de situ orbis.  which is between the Seas Arabicum and Persicum, is so Fertile that it hath two harvests yearly, with all spices, fruits and gums. whereas the people live ever in peace, without War, or walled towns: out of these Places cometh rhubarb to Alexandria, and then to Venice, & so is dispersed into many places, to the great comfort, health, and help of mankind, to purge choler, and humours, superfluous in the body. What is better to comfort the liver, to cleanse the blood, and heal the kings evil called the jaundice than Rhubarb. How many goodly Electuaries, Pills, syrups, and purgations, have Rhubarb in them? Very many. Simple by itself, by infusion, how marvelous doth it purge, cleanse, scour, and expulse venomous filth from the body? It assuageth timpanies, tertians, dropsies, reconsyleth sleep in dry choleric people: by correcting hot choler in them if it be slysed into clean Goats whey, Cichory or bugloss water ℥ iii and Spicknard ℥ i standing all the night, in the morning, strained & drunk, it will cleanse the Blood, and expulse choler. Mesue affirmeth, that Rhabarbarum excelleth all other Rhays, both turkish and indish.  
It is a purgation hurtless, very gentle, and here is an infusion thereof most excellent, 
An excellent infusion of Leonellus Faventinus to cleanse the blood.  to cleanse the Blood: written by a famous man of this time, called Leonellus Faventinus. R. Rhababarun of the best ʒ. i. Spicknard. G. iii make an infusion according to art in the waters of Borage, Violets, sorrel or Mallows, as much as shall suffice: after that it hath stand viii hours, strain it hard, and put into the same infusion Diacatholicon ʒ .vi. and Electuary e Succo Rosarum and, Diaphaenicon any. ʒss. dissolve them in the decoction of Flowers and fruits: and this drink will very gently purge all foul humours. If any man have a Bloody flix, to help the same, or let him slice a piece of of rhubarb, and tossed it hard, and eat the same, or crome it warm into read wine, and planten water, and drink it. In Italy there is rhubarb, which will purge choler, but not so good. as I have describe above: Rhubarb must be preserved in Wax or Honey, Flax sede, or the seed of Psyllium so it may be kept iii or iiii. years. Rhapontike, groweth by a famous city called Pontus, Marcellinus. lib. xii. saith, it groweth by the river Tanais, which separateth Europe from Asia. Of this saith Paulus Aegineta, it is earthly and cold, but the subtilier parts thereof, are moist and warm, and but meanly tart of taste. Therefore it will help fractures, 
Paulus Aegineta. lib. 7. litera. R  convulsions, and shortness of wind, and stripes: it hath virtue to direct, to draw forth, and cleanse spitting of blood and pains in the guts.  Marcellus. 

Of agaric  What say you of Agarike?  Hilarius. 
OF Agarike there is the Male, which is compacted round, and the female being broken, 

Diosco, lib 3. Cap. j  
How to know good Agarike   hath directed straight veins, and is flat: these Agarikes. be white, light compact, thick together, and sweet in the beginning of theiretast, and then very bitter in th'end of the same, with biting on the tongue. It groweth upon the region of Sarmasia, in a place called Agaria, whereas is a famous river and City so named. Some say, that the Root thereof doth grow, and bring forth this Agarike: other that it groweth like Musroms, on Cedar trees. There groweth Agarike in Italy saith Pliny. lib xuj. Cap seven. 
Agaricke clenclenseth the guts, & expulceth raw humours.  But because it is a stranger unto us, it shall suffice us to know the virtue thereof. It is hot of nature, and is good against a torment of the guts, raunesse in the stomach, abundance of Phlegm, ruptures, dropsies, brewses or falls, stopping of urine, strangury, swelling of the matrix, falling evil, poison, or stinging of any venomous worm. One ounce steeped in sweet wine or sweet water, & strongly strained, & drunk before the coming of a Fever quotidian putteth it clean away. 
Agarike helpeth the falling sickness.  Drunk with vinegar & Sugar sodden and then well strained, it helpeth Sciatica, and the falling evil. This Agaricke is no less commended then much used in sundry electuaries and pills. etc. to the great help of Mankind Galen. lib. vj. Simplicium medidicament▪ doth remember Agarike among some kind of Roots, and that groweth on the trunk of a tree. first in taste sweet, then bitter, 
Agarike purgeth all the organs of the senses.  and so forth he declareth the virtue thereof, to purge the guts, heal the jaundice, and open the gall, and discharge all viscous humours: who did ever commend any purging thing, more than Mesue doth Agarike? saith he, it cleanseth phlegm and choler, and all the instruments of the senses, & the brains, back bone, muscles, sinews, lungs, breast, Liver, Gall, and spleen. Democrites saith, it is a familiar medicine to all the principal parts of the Body, and from them, to all the other parts: It purgeth and doth not weaken or decay, any natural or animal virtue, with many goodly commendations which, he giveth to the same Agarike. And thus I end, giving you warning, that it be very finely beaten, and close kept, and Spicknard put to it in medicine.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Cassia, and Lignum Aloes, and Cassiafistula.  Hilarius. 
GALEN maketh mention of Cassia in lib viii. Simplici. medica. saying it is dry, and hot in the third degree, 
Cassia aromatic.  and doth warm the body, and strengthen the instruments thereof. This Cassia is of aromatic nature, and is good for UUomne to drink whose terms be suppressed: a goodly medicine of Cinnamon beaten in powder, with Lignum Cassiae, is thus made. 
A precious water made with Cinnamon, Cassia, rose water, 〈◊〉. white wine, for all cold causes.  R. Cinnamon l i.i. Cassia ℥ ii water of Roses. l i iiii. clean white Wine. l i vi. put these altogether in a close pot covered: put this pot into a warm vessel of leuke warm Water, during xxiiii hours, making a small fire under the receiving vessel, wherein it is put. Then take it from the same vessel, and power it into the pan of a common stillitorye, then set on the helmit close, and with a soft fire distill the same, keep it in a close glass, to give it to them, which have any cold sickness, as dropsy, quotidian, abundance of phlegm, stopping of the Gall, reins, or conduit of urine, Colic, weakness of the heart, dullness of spirit, 
Lignum Aloes called Agallocum which is aromatic.  moystereume, or lack of memory And if you 'cause this water to be distilled two times, it is the better and of the greater strength. As for Lignum Alces, which is hot and dry in the second degree, it is called Agallochum, and groweth in Ind, and Arabia Foelix, and is spotted, aromatic, smelling sweet, 
Dioscorides Lib. 1 cap 20.  and is a little bitter to taste upon, with binding nature, and it hath a pleasant verdure in the mouth. Serapius' faith the best is black, with variable or divers colours, full of sap, heavy, and hard, gross▪ and compacted together, 
Lignum Aloes cometh not from Paradise, but from Mondella city of Ind  with sharp sweet smell. This wood cometh from a city called Mondel in Ind, and not from paradise as some do foolyshly fancy, it doth, and so is conveyed by the river Ganges. Well to the virtue thereof. It will comfort the brain, when it is dystempered with cold, through the sweet savour. The decoction thereof, made with Barley, Madder and Sugar healeth Ulcers, and UUoundes in the Guts: and it is good against bloody flixes, and hardness of the Spleen, and is a very wholesome Perfume. 
Cassiafistula▪ cometh from Egypt.  Cassia solutiva, or Fistula, called the cods of Egypt, can not be spaced among old persons, and tender People: for the gentle purging of the Body, cleansing of the reins, provoking urine. Either drawn with endive water, goats whey, or eaten new from the Cane, tempered with Barley water, 
Cassiafistula have many virtues to help mankind it can not be forborn.  or morel UUater. It maketh a good Gargarism for Angina or pains in the throat, or Apostumations in the Guts. It is good in washing or cleansing Clysters, and it will make soft a hard Apostumation applied thereunto, in any part of the body. It is good for the Gout to be made in plaster, for the same purpose. Who so hath great pains in the Guts, it is not good to give Cassia simply alone, 
Note.  but to mingle it with the powder of Hiera Picra, and for the reins, to put it in the Syrup of Liquorice. It is hot and moist in the first degree, the heavier, the Ramisher in savour: the shining black of colour, is best Cassiafistula, & from Memphis, and Alexan●ria in Egypt cometh Cassia.  Marcellus. 
There is a very sweet Moss, which groweth upon trees, men say it is good in medicine, what say you to the matter?  Hilarius. 

Dioscor lib. 1. Capi. xx.  THE best Moss that groweth upon any Tree, is of the Cedar: the second of the Popular Tree, the third of the Oak. The white is good▪ but the blackish is to be refused. It is sweet and odoriferous, and hath virtue to stop: the decoction thereof is good to wash, and help the pains of the mouth, & of the matrix. This white Moss is good in Baths, and in comfortable Ointments, for the weakness of a cold feeble stomach. Pliny do commend it, Lib. xii. cap. twenty-three. calling it Sphagnos or Brion: saying. it groweth in the Province of Cyrenaica, which is a country in Africa. etc. In other places, as Cyprus, Egypt, and Phoenicia: there groweth very good in France and Italy, both sweet, and will mollify Galen lib. vj. s●mplici medica. saith, Brion, which is Splanchnon, is found among Okes, Pine trees, and white Populors: it hath power to stop or bind, but very weakly: it is neither hot nor cold, 
To comfort the spirits.  but mean. It hath virtue to direct and mollify, chiefly that, which cometh from the Cedar trees. Avicen saith, it will make a wholesome Cordial medicine. And also the savour is good for the brain, and spirits or senses, that be weak. Of sweet Musk Serapius saith, it cometh from a beast, much like a Goat, that feedeth upon aromatic trees, Ruellius and Simeon Sethi affirm that Musk cometh from a city in the East, 
Sweet Musk.  called Chorasa, the Barbarians call it Pat, and of colour is somewhat yellow An other Musk cometh from Ind, not comparable in virtue to the first: & this is black of colour, 
The beast which giveth Musk, is like a Goat that which bringeth S●uette, is like a Cat. The blaunching of Musk.  and this cometh from a beast like a Goat. armed with one horn in his forehead. And this cometh from between their legs: and also is gathered in the clear air, and bright shining days from the dung, and closely preserved in Uessels: and sold to the merchants, both this pure dung and sweet cods, and or it cometh to our uses, it is adulterated by the Apothicaries, by many crafty ways, as with Mouse dung, Charcoles'. etc. But of the own nature it is most pleasant and comfortable to the weak spirits of mankind, against frenzy, colic▪ Cardiace, Palsy, lack of memory, heaviness of mind, dropsy, lack of digestion etc. And what is pleasant in sweet water, 
Sweat things be good.  to wash hands, head, & beard, and good in apparel and may be rightly used, it is God's gift, to adorn and garnish Mankind with, although, light wanton, lecherous people, 
for mankind but yet abused of youthful wantoness are not to be suffered in them.  do make it an Instrument of provocation to naughtiness withal. Yet the good use thereof among the honest, is no more to be forborn, than the abuse is worthy to be suffered among the harlots. Precious Balms and perfumes are not forbidden by God's word: although judas did murmur, when the Woman did anoint jesus, with the precious Nardus. And Isaac being blind, did rejoice in the precious smell, which came from the Garments of his Son jacob, 
Marc. xiiii.  when he blessed him, saying: behold the smell of my Son, 
Gene. xxvi.  is as the smell of a field, which the Lord hath blessed. And thus I end of Musk, which is hot in the second, and dry in the third degree. Some affirm, 
Musk.  that if Musk do swim in water, than it is good, but the contrary if it synketh, As for Sibetto, called Sivet, is a beast like a Cat, which Beast cometh from Syria, and sometime there be seen of them here in England brought from Venice: 
Of the Sivet Cat.  and between the testiles of this beast, cometh the sweet Sivet, which is hot and moist of nature: if Women be stopped in the matrix, put some of this anointed upon a pessary, into the mouth of the matrix, and she shall be soon helped. Matthiolus, reporteth more thereof. Lib. 1. Dioscorid Cap. xx. which I will not name, it is so venerous. As for Amber Grice, or Amber Cane, 
divers opinions, how Amber Grice is found.  which is most sweet mingled with other sweet things: some say it cometh from the rocks of the Sea. Other say it springeth out of the earth, in Arabia Foelix, or Ind, upon things that smell like Mosrumes, and so is pressed forth & preserved. Some say it is gotten by a Fish called Azelum, which feedeth upon Amber Grece, and dieth, which is taken by cunning Fishers and the belly opened, and this precious Amber found in him. Other do say, it is found swimming upon a fountain of pure water: and that is thought to be the best invention. For simeon Sethi, saith Amper called Amber, is increasing, or found in divers places. and is gathered in Fountains swimming above, as Bitumen is▪ or Brimstone, whereof be three kinds, the first is Fuluus, which mixed of green and read. yieldeth a dark yellow, 
Amber Grice of three kinds  which is brought from Ind. another kind cometh from Arabia Foelix, which is dark, white, or grey in colour: the third is blackish, and is the worst, a very sergeant Amber. This Amber Grice is of nature hot and dry, the savour thereof doth greatly comfort the heart and brain of old People, or weak women: and to comfort the heart, it is equal to any other odoriferous treasure. It is put into many precious Cordials, and wholesome medicines: and nothing is more better to quicken the spirits and comfort memory, than this rich Amber Grece. Gloves sweetly perfumed with Musk, Sivet, Amber Grece, and Oil de Ben, be very wholesome for Citizens, 
Sweet Gloves, their profit.  that devil in close, corrupted foul air. In deed, it can not be forborn of noble Princes, Lords, Ladies, and gentle folks: God give them grace to know it to be his gift, to pleasure the Sense of smelling, and to defend evil airs, and not to move, or to be an instrument of ungodliness. Whereas to use it well, it is of no small profit to Nature, as example. R. Storax calamity ʒ .iii. Beniamyn ʒ. ss. Cloves. ʒ. ss. Lignum Aloes. ʒ.ii. Galia Muschata. ʒ.iii.ss. Amber Grice. ʒ. i.ss. Musk. G. xuj. Sivet. G. xii. a little sweet Terebinthin, all put into a warm mortar, 
A good Pomamber against coldness of the brain very pleasant.  & strongly beaten with the pestle, pouring in sweet Rose, or Damask water. Of this is made a precious Pomamber. to be worn against foul stinking air: weakness of the brain, coming of cold. And thus I do end of this most sweet Oders.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the Wood, called Ebenus.  Hilarius 

Diosco. lib. 1. Capit. iii Ebenus of iii kinds.  THe best Ebenus cometh from Ethiopia, and is very black, it hath no veins in it, but abyting sharp taste: yet very sweet in perfume, and is gummy, this is the best. There is an other dark yellow, and spotted, and this hath a binding virtue & is good to be put in Colliries, for sore eyen. And Galen lib. v. simplj medicam. Ebenus is one of the woods, beaten into powder and resolved in water, to be drunk to help the Stone: and of Nature is hot and scouring. And for that cause, it is good to be put in Medicines, for to help the sight of the eye. 
A goodly medicine for sore eyes, of Ebenus.  or blisters in them. If Ebenus be fine ground. upon a whet stone, and with a Knife taken from it. G. iiii. and the powder of Lapis Calaminaris. G. two. Seef. G. iii Chamfer. G. i. ss. the white of an Egg, Rose water, and Woman's Milk ana. ʒ. ss. mingled together: this will most effectually, cleanse & scour sore darkened Eyes. Theophrastus' lib. 4 cap. vi. de historia plantarum. saith, in Ind the wood is common▪ and of two kinds: the one is precious, and doth service, and the other is of no estimation. The Princes of Ind do esteem Ebenus, 
Sceptees for Kings▪ and the Heathen Idols of Ebenus.  richer than gold, for of that Wood, they do not only make their drinking Uessels, against poison, but also the Sceptres of regal honour. And finally their Idols of their Gods, whom they do worship. Thus the Indyans do both use and abuse this rich Wood, which will sink like metal, and not swim. When Pompey did triumph over Mythridates the King of Pontus, one of the greatest glories the Romans had, was in this strange wood, 
When Ebenus came first to Rome. seeds of Ebenus.  whereupon the Sceptres and vessels were made of it. This Ebenus also though it be good, yet it hath been an instrument of Idolatry, in many places of England: whereof beads have been made, not only of Ebenus, but of Coral, jest, Amber, jasper, Granites, Glass, Amyll, Gold and Silver: which creatures were ordained for man's bodily health, and not for their contemplation, and Spiritual prayers. I did know within these few years, 
Two Witches in Suffolk Charmed with Ebeni Beads.  a false Witch, called. M. Line, in a town of Suffolk, called Perham, which with a pair of Ebon Beads, and certain charms, had no small resort of foolish women, when their Children were sick. To this lame Wytch they resorted, to have the Fairy charmed, and the spirit conjured away: through the prayers of the Ebon beads▪ which she said, came from the holy land, and were sanctified at Rome. Through whom many goodly cures had been done, but my chance was to burn the said beads Oh? That damnable witches be suffered to live unpunished & so many blessed men burned: witches be more hurtful in this realm than either quarten, Pox, or pestilence. I knew in a town called Kelshall, in Suffolk a Witch, whose name was M. Didge, who with certain ave Maries upon her Ebon Beads, and a wax Candle, 
A Witches blessing for saint Anthony's tire.  used this charm following for S. Anthony's fire, having the sick body before her, holding up her Hand saying: there came two Angels out of the North east, one brought fire the the other brought frost, out fire. and in frost. In nomine patris. etc. I could rehearse an. C. of such knacks, of these holy gossips, the fire take them all, for they be God's enemies.  Marcellus. 
THis is wood of great virtue, and excellent goodness, few woods may be compared to it, for the estimation: yet for the French disease, there is an other rich wood, called Guaicum, I pray you speak something of that wood.  Hilarius 
GVAICUM, or Guaiacanum called Lignum sanctum, or the holy wood, or wood of Life, is of a kind of Ebenus. 
Of the Wood of life called Guaicum.  And as almighty God prepared a tree of great virtue, for Moses to cast into the water called Mara or bitterness, through which tree, the same water was made pleasant and sweet, for the children of Israel to drink upon in the wilderness, when as they murmured against God and his holy Prophet Moses: Even so it hath also pleased him to ordain & prepare this Guaicum: whereby through his ministers knowledge, 
Exod. xv. d  it might be a mean to make whole, and cleanse the filthy stinking corrupted bodies of his disobedient children, which have lived in most shameless lust and lechery, among painted stinking harlots, for which offence, they be smitten with the plague, called the French Pocks, 
The Pox of France.  an evil most noisome to nature, cousin jarman to thincurable leprosy. This Guaicum I say will not only make a Pocky body clean, but also is good to cleanse any of the principal humours, when they do abound, whereby there shallbe a temperance most perfect in nature, it will cleanse the reins, itch, and scabs. And nothing may be compared to the same, to rebate, assuage, cleanse, consume, and waste without hurt▪ great fatty gross bellies of idle men and women, which be puffed up with eating, drinking, sleeping and sitting in the house all the day without labour, the tables, cards, and Pot, excepted which causeth them but little to sweated, and less to thrive: for such folks Guaicum drink is incomparable above all others for the goodness, to renew them & make them appear young again: for the Gout, Dropsy, Sciatica, Canker, and Timpany. This is equal to the best medicines, therefore it may be called Lignum vitae, the wood of life, because it hath virtue to renew. This worthy wood of life, God hath given to the christian people, in these last Days; which would was unknown to the old Fathers as Dioscorides, Theophrastus, 
Antonii Musae exam. omnium, Simpl. de lignis.  Plinius, Gale, Paulus, Aetius. etc. And that is no marvel, for the part of the world whereas this wood doth grow, was never found forth by the famous Cosmographer Ptolomaeus, Pomponius, & others, but of late years only. This wood was found by the sailors into the new Islands, called Corterali, Hispaniola, distant somewhat from the Equinoctial line, & in many other parts there about, whereas the people of those lands be often infected with sores, biles, and a sickness much like the Pox, or else the very same in deed: and to recover the same, the sick folks do eat of the fruit of Guaicum, and are made whole: this fruit will soon rot, 
Three kinds of Guaiacum but the white is most excellent.  but whereas the fruits can not be gotten, than they do make a decoction of the wood or barks of the same which bringeth the like health. The Spaniard perceiving the same, did bring this wood in to Europe, not only for to heal their own Pox, but also for France, Italy, Germany, and for England, in whom this wood taketh no small effect for the foresaid Pox: of this Guaicum are three kids, the first is black within, in the heart, pale coloured, having in it runlet lines, very hard and heavy. The other black within but white without, having very small lines, is hard and heavy, and not so great as the first. The third is all right whyt● within and without, having very small lines, and the heart of this Wood is the best, 
The consideration of Guaicum.  the arm of the tree is better than the body the bows nearer the fruits hath more virtue, warmness and dryness, than the lower parts of the tree, which are groser & more earthly of nature, and the more uncteous the wood is, it is the better, the sap is not so good as the heart, neither the bark as good as the sap. But the white wood is sweet and most excellent in operation, and is Lignum sanctum, the holy wood. The bark of the strait young branches or boughs, being heavy and white, moist and without lines hard compacted be the best barks for the Pox. All these woods called Guaiaci, have a rosin or matter like Beniamen or pleasant Gum within the wood. which is the spirit or lively helping humour in decoction for the Pox For the ertreame pains in the joints sinews, 
Man's nature is subject to many evils for want of perfect temperament.  veins muskels, head hands, feet, and the bones, no sickness is so sharp and cruel to nature, but this precious wood will both quickly and gently assuage the pain and grief of the same, if it be ministered accordynly in decoction, namely to them whom either the Pox hath tormented, or else the Gout hath torn or racked with intolerable grief: Among all mortal infirmities, which is more grievous to nature, than the Strangury, pissing of blood, or stopping of the stone: what diseases again be more Enemies to man's nature, than swelling of the Belly, Hydrops, putrefaction of Humours, oppilations, he dach, Vertigo, Fevers through heat above nature, with fire in the arteries, shingles and horrible apostimations, with a great number of plagues more. which be all mortal enemies to the nature of man, as a continual fire to burn him, or else a merciless drowning water of utter destruction, or finally a deadly earthly Grave to swallow him up, through the corruption & infection of air? Thus the .4. eliments or humours in mankind, through evil mixture, or one abounding above the other, grow to corruption. The cases of deadly peril, & an hard matter to bring the body again into good order or perfect healthful estate. 
What evil have happened through the abusing of Guaicum among the imperikes.  As I have said. what is better than Guaicum, called wood of life, which wood was not a little abused of a great number of ignorant, murdering, shameless practitioners, which have taken upon them to bind sick men to a law, observing the new diet, only with Guaicum, wherein they have sodden in the decoction thereof many drugs Colocinthis, Briony, Turbith. Diacridium. with an hundredth sundry more such like simples sodden or brewed with this Guaicum: this, they do use one geenerall rule, to every complexion a like, to every age the same, and to the Man: Woman, and Child all a like, neither observing the quantity, place or time: but as I have said, one only general rule. Close Chamber like a Bee in a box, bread by the ounce, a few Raisins, and sometimes a chickens Leg, 
Beware of the new diat except you-have two lives. or else a wise minister of the same.  with many such foolish Ceremonies, much cost and small good cheer, if one be healed by chance medley, a hundred are slain through this diat wilfully. or else very foolishly: and who so goeth to board to such an host, first let him make his last will and testament, perhaps he shall not die the sooner, but live the wiselyer For this diat with close air, Raisins and Chickens legs, is very good victail for mariners that purpose to sail through the dangerous rocks, and sands of the fearful passage between Scylla, and Charibdes. Experience hath learned us sufficiently, by the deaths of many which have been slain in this purgatory of this foolish Phisycke, ignorantly used, or this Guaicum rather foolishly abused for money: as many goodly creatures, by. and through money, are changed, transformed and altered out of kind, for money is a marvelous instrument a changer, a transformer, or a bewytcher of mankind, and an instrument whereupon the covetous man doth continually play his infernal discords upon: as example, if layers take wrong matters in hand: if djuines desire many spiritual promotions, and be careless of their heavenly duty, 
Covetousness and Money, do make blind, both Divines, layers, and Physicians, & transform them from the nature of men into infernal monsters.  if Physicians prolong or abuse their times, with their miserable sick patients, than what is the cause? nothing but covetous Hearts, and Money. Covetousness is the Mother of all the evils of this world, and gold and Silver ar● ever deceitful, and beguile mankind. Gold is the prince of evil, the shortner of time, the waster and consumer of virtue, love, liberality rest, peace. and quietness, the instrument of treason, war, theft, whoredom, slaughter, bloodshedding, and perilous perjury: this wretched money should not thus be abused of the Chrystians, seeing one of the Heathen wise men most vehemently doth count it a vice most hurtful and intolerable in any common wealth, according to my words aforesaid, crying out against covetousness, with her instruments (Gold and Silver) which is abused saying. 
avaritia matter est universae malitiae,  
Aurum argentumque semper insidias struunt hominibus,  

Nummus dolosus  O aurum malorum princeps, vitam distruens omnia denique minuens.  
utinam non esses amabile nocumentum mortalibus.  
Tua enim eulpa pugnae, praedae, coedesque vitam humanam perturbant. etc.  Therefore God grant of his mercy to three kinds of callings in this world that they may walk truly. obediently, & charitably, in the sight of God and man, 
Three most notable and best instruments of the common wealth The Divine the lawyer & the Physician.  whereby that Chryst may be chief honoured, & his people profited. First, to them of the church which should be the mouth between God & his flock. Secondly the Magistrate, or lawyer, that righteousness may be ministered, and justice, boserued, and no Man wrongfully oppressed. Thirdly, for the preservation of the Body, that the Physician mar not, or cast away that which God hath so richly garnished with the Gifts of Nature which is Mankind. And now let us return again unto our Guaicum or Lignum vitae, called the wood of Life, which through covetousness, hath been rather made the wood of death, through long new diates, to small effect to many, though fortunate to few. Marcellus my brother, when your fryend Senior F. Neopolitani was smitten with the Pox, his hair fell away, he could not sleep for boneache, his breath did stink, Lord how pale he looked, his muscles consumed, the scabs appeared, under whom were deep hooles graven with putrefied matter. etc. but now his head is covered with hair his skin clean, rose coloured in his cheeks, full of strength, he sleepeth very well, and is in health.  Marcellus. 
I Am not a little glad of the good tidings, but gladder, I would be to learn how he was healed, and with what medicine. For a man may through chance medley fall into this peril: then a present remedy for a mischief would do well for that purpose.  Hilarius. 

March and Apryll are the best time to help the Pox.  THus he made his drink for himself and one of his companions in the month of March and Apryll last passed. R. The best Guaicum, most heavy, and full of gum l i iiii let it be well razed with a rape or turned into fine chips by a Turner. and of the same barks. l i two. Carduus Bened●ctus, which is called the blessed thistle, 
Dioscorides lib. 3. cap. xci. Atractylis is Carduus Benedictus.  which Thistel Dioscorides calleth Atractylis, with pricks like Carthamus, with many leaves, which thistle is good against pricking of Serpents, and among herbs it excelleth all other against poison. And in decoction with Guaicum, saith Petrus Andrea's Matthiolus, it will help the French Pox. Therefore of the said thistle, put. l. ss, Maiden hair, Cetrach, the flowers of the wild, and Garden bugloss, ana. l.i.l.i. sweet Cassia. ʒ.vi. Anisseede. ℥. i.ss. white Sugar l i.u. cast all these into a Wine vessel, clean and apt for the same purpose, upon which pour of the cleanest & best white Wine, that may be got, very hot, in quantity. l i one hundredth and thirty, cover this vessel close three days, then strain it through an hair cloth. then keep this in a clean vessel, for the Patient at Dinner and Supper, but not to drink in the Morning, and evening, like unto Syrupus, or medicines as many men rashly have used. Besides the drinking of this Guaicum at Dinner, 
A good way to seethe Guaicum for the Pox.  and Supper, the Patient may between the times, as one hour before and after Dinner and Supper drink. ℥ four or .v. Also your foresaid receipts may be put in clean new white or claret wine, being fyned, and made in the prescribed manner. Furthermore, the patient which hath the Pox, dropsy, or Gout, may drink among, this worthy medicine following, the doss or quantity is. ℥ ii or more according to the age and complexion of the patient. Take maiden hair, clean fresh Hops, fumitory Sitrach, called Asplenum, Seen of Alexander, of each. M.iii great Centauri roots Liquorice, Polipodie, wild & Garden bugloss, ana. ℥ four Anisseedes. Nigella, Romana, the flowers of Bugloss, the three Sanders, Cinnamon, an. ʒ. v. put this into. l i xxiiii. of the Guaicum water, sodden after the description in the compounds following, then put it in a close vessel, and stop the mouth. and when that is done, set the said vessel, in an other seething kettle upon the Fire, so let it stand and seethe for .xx, Hours fair and softly, then strain it, and keep it in a clean close vessel, for the use aforesaid. But if the patient be very full of humours, then do thus. 
The most excellent & best manner to seethe Guaicum in compositions with other simples to cleanse the Pox from all the members of the body.  Take Seine of Alexander l i two, Succorosarum solitive l i vi. white Sugar. l i seven. rhubarb elected ʒ, iii finely cut, Turbit of the best. ℥ i put these in a clean stone pot with a narrow mouth. pour into this pot. l i xxjiii. of the common Guaicum water, made in manner in the compounds following, stop your pot's mouth, seethe it in the foresaid manner upon a soft fire xxiiii hours until it come to a thin Syrup, called a julep, then strain it and keep this precious purging drink for mornyngs, the dose. ℥. i.ss. according to the age, complexion and strength the patient must also eat bread. ℥ iii well baken like Biscuit, and the flesh of Chicken, Hen, Capon, Patrige pheasant, small Birds of the wood roasted, excel sodden meats: and if the common drink be to strong, 
The diat for the pox, shortly declared.  than the patient may pour thereunto some small clean wine or beer: let the patient be merry, kept in a fair clean chamber with sweet perfumes, not much feeding but little and fine, with clean warm apparel, and a fire of charcoles. eschewing venery, wines, fruits, fish, gross flesh pottage, and white meats. Care, anger, cold, much heat: and thus I do end of this precious wood Guaicum called Lignum sanctum.  Marcellus. 
I pray you what is the nature of Mumia, Bitumen, Sperma Caeti, Tartar, Terra sigillata, and Dragon's blood?  Hilarius 
MUMIA, is of nature hot and dry, in the second degree, 
Mumia, or Mumme.  and cometh from Arabia, & is made of dead bodies, of some of the noble people: because the said dead are richly embalmed with precious Ointments and spices, chiefly Myrrh, Saffron, and Aloes. This Mumia hath virtue to staunch blood, to incarnate wounds, to help the Fallynge sickness, 
Against running of blood or bruises.  beaten into powder and squirted with a syringe with Mariarum water into the Nostrylles. Tempered with Cassiafistula and drunk with Planten water, it is very good against bruises: but Dragon's blood, Planten water, Madder, Terra sigillata, and Mumia, 
Bitumen of the dead Sea  tempered together and drunk, helpeth great bruises, bloody flixes, and stauncheth wounds applied to the place. Bitumen, which is a foam of the dead sea, 
Sperma caeti of the whale.  and turneth into a matter like Rosen, and is hot in the second degree. it hath Virtue like unto Mumia, to staunch blood. to heal wounds etc. The Greeks call it Asphaltos, Sperma Caeti, the seed of the generation of the monstrous Whale, 
Tartar, made of wine lies.  hath virtue being drunk with Planten water, Ale, Malmsey or other old clean wine, to help bruises of great falls. Tartarus, is made of wine lies, hot and dry in the third degree, it is most excellent against itch & skabs, put in ointments when it is beaten into powder, it cleanseth the Morfew. A little Seve, Mastic & Tartarus, sodden in a Chickens broth, is beneficial to purge the belly. Terra sigillata▪ is styptic & will cleave to the tongue, 
Terra sigillata stoppeth blood.  of nature hot and dry, and is put to ointments to stop bloody flixes, new bloody wounds, and hath virtue of Bitumen▪ Sanguis draconis, is cold & dry in the third degree stypticke of nature, therefore it stauncheth blood, and bloody flixes: If it be stamped with Mouseare and Planten, it will stop Blood, applied to the place. But mingle the powder of Dragon's blood with Terebyntine. and Frankincense, it is good for to stop a new bloody wound.  Marcellus. 
What Virtue is in Mastic, Rosen, Frankincense, Beniamen, Storax, and Myrrh called Stacte. etc.,  Hilarius. 
mastic is a fine sweet dropping Gum, from a tree of great virtue, and is hot and dry in the second degree, and is good for the Rheum to champ upon, 
Mastic, is wholesome to champ upon for the rheum.  & pleasant against corrupted air in perfume. The pylles be of singular Virtue for the said rheums. The Oil will much comfort the Sinews, and also will incarnate the flesh. Mastick● with Stavesager provoketh humous, by retraction from the brain to the mouth, 
Myrrh preserveth the body from putrefaction or rotting.  champed upon. Myrrh a noble gum of most singular virtue, which is hot and dry in the second degree, and preserveth against rot and putrifactyon, and is of great virtue in fresh wounds to defend them from apostimations or rotten matter: to heal a wound quickly, nothing is better: in balms artificial, Myrrh is principal. In wound waters, Myrrh taketh the chief force. In the pylles of Ruffius against the pestilence, Myrrh, Aloes, and Saffron, do resist the poison of the same pestilence: for wounds in the head, Myrrh is of great virtue. The bodies of Princes are long preserved after death through Myrrh. The savour of the same and daily drinking in Betony water, 
Thus called Frankincense or Olibanum Dioscor. lib. 1. lxx.  G. vi. of Myrrh, defendeth from the falling Evil, and soreness of the lungs. Thus, called Frankincense is hot in the second and dry in the first degree, and droppeth from trees of the same name, which we do call Fur trees, it hath virtue to nourish and engender flesh in the tender bodies of men or women: and this Frankincense is used in many salves, to help mankind, and is more profitable for mankind in medicine then commendable to be wasted in Churches, in parfuming the insensible Images. Frankincense is good to perfume the Clotheses, for them which have the bloody flux, and thus I end of Thus called Frankincense. Olibanum is not much unlike in nature to this Frankincense. but the very same in Greek. 
Gum Sarcocole.  Gum sarcocol, is dry in the first degree and hot in the second, it is a sanative gum to incarnate wounds and sores, and nothing excelleth this gum to put into Collyries for sore eyen. as when the sight is covered with white spots. 

Resina.  
Rosen.  
Diosco. lib. 1. capi. lxxiiii.   Rosen called Resina pini, hath warming, mundifying, and dissolving nature. This Rosen no Ship, or Chirurgeon can want. Rosen drieth and warmeth cold Melancholy, sores Apostimations and Ulcers: and furtermore it will produce Flesh in the Wounds of strong persons: 
Picea. Pix navalis and Tar.  there be sundry kinds of Rosen, as dropping from the Cedar. etc. but all of one nature. Also a little I shall put you in remembrance of Pix. commonly called Pix Navalis, of nature hot, and dry, and hath virtue to dissolve, Consume, and is put into Plasters, against cold Diseases, it is also put into inward Medicines to be drunk against Bruises, as Mummea is. There is another Pix called Liquida, which is more heater and thinner, ever moist commonly called Tar, which hath virtue to spread, consume & waste humours, put into sundry goodly Ointments against cold sores, and also to heal Skabs. Tar is not only wholesome for Mankind to kill sundry scabs and sores, and scaules (as take Pix Navalis, Tar, Litarge of Silver, Honey, ana, q. ss. sharp vinegar, Planten water, bean meal, a little Salt, boil all these in a little close vessel, stir it, and shave the head, 
A goodly place for a skaule in the head.  and make a plaster, and lay it on hot xxiiii hours, and then tear it of, and put on another, & so do until the scab be rooted forth). But also Tar, grease and French Soap, tempered together, is good to anoint scabbed Sheep, horse. etc. with a tent of Baken and Tar, I have healed the Fistula often times: and thus I do end of Tar.  
There is a goodly Gum called Galbanum which cometh from the Galbanum trees in Syria, which is put in sundry plasters, 
Galbanum is a wholesome gum.  and is hot in the beginning of the third degree, and dry in the second, and it hath virtue to mollify and spread. Dioscorides affirmeth, 
Galbanum will draw forth dead children.  that if it be applied plaster ways or in subfumigation, it will not only draw forth the stopped Terms, but also a dead abortive Child: The smoke thereof maketh venomous things to flee. It prevaileth against poison. And a little Galbanum with Myrrh drunk, cleanseth the lungs, cough, and stopping of wind, but yet it is very noisome to savour upon: therefore it helpeth the Mother. To cleanse Galbanum, 
To cleanse Galbanum.  put it in very hot water, and by little and little the filth thereof will separate from the clean part, and so you may use the said clean part for your Plasters, as it is written in the book of Compounds. You may also resolve Galbanum all the Night in Vinegar, and in the morning boil it: and in water or vinegar you may do so to other Gums. and some other hard Gums you may break into powder in a mortar, or upon a stone. 
Eupherbium of Lybica.   
Euphorbium cometh from a tree that doth grow in Lybica. The best Euphorbium is that is clean, like unto Glass, and is sharp of taste: this is hot and dry in the fourth degree, and is very good for wounds in the head, 
To help the prycking of sinews.  dropped into them. It is wholesome in Linaments and Cerots. If it be sodden with Oil of Elder, bean flower and earth worms, it is good against the pricking of the sinews. In plasters and Cerots, for the French Pox it is profitable. Plinius affirmeth, that juba the king of Libye did first find this Euphorbium upon the mountain Atlante beyond Hercules Pillars, and called it by the name of his Physician which healed Augustus the Emperor: it will not only draw forth raw phlegm, but water abounding, as in Dropsy: but it is evil for a dry cholorike body to drink in medicine, it is so hot of nature.  
Ammoniacum cometh from Africa, by the place where as the Oracle of the false God Ammon was. 
Ammoniacum of Ammon.  This gum Ammoniacum is much like Frankincense, bitter in taste, and smelleth like to Castorium, it mollifieth, warmeth and draweth. It is good in any Linaments. And being drunk, doth loose the belly, and casteth forth the dead child, helpeth the Spleen, and Sciatica, one dram being drunk. And thus I do end of Ammoniak, which is hot in the third, and dry in the first degree.  

Assafoetida doth stink yet it helpeth the Mother & Lungs.  Assafoetida stinketh, and is good for Women to smell upon, that be commonly sick of the Mother, it is hot and dry in the second degree, some do affirm in the third. It hath virtue to dry, to consume, to cleanse, & spread. Five pills of Assa, taken in a rear Egg at midnight, do cleanse the lungs, and helpeth a short wynded Man or Woman. Oil of Spike, mastic, Safron, Wax, Castor, and Assafoetida▪ stamped and sodden together, make an excellent medicine for the gout, or pains in the joints: and thus I do end of stinking Assafoetida.  

Sagapen, or Serapinum, a goodly gum  Sagapenum or Serapinum is a precious gum, running from a small tree, like a Kix or a Reed, and is hot in operation. The best of this gum is that which shineth through, and in colour is dark, yellow without, and white within. 
Dioscorides lib. 3. cap. 79 Sagapen will help the lungs, and spleen.  This Gum is good in many Lenetives, and also inward medicines: as to purge phlegm, to help the Falling sickness, to cleanse the Lungs, help the swelling or hardness of the Spleen and is good against the resolution of the Sinews, convulsion, ruptures, first steeped in Wine or Hydromell, then drunk.  

Bdelium helpeth hard Apostumations  Bdellium is a goodly tree, growing in Arabia, from which tree distilleth a worthy gum like Wax, but clear shining, unctuous, and sweet of savour, and bitter in taste: it is hot in the second degree, and is put in many ointments: it resolveth, consumeth, and disperseth apostumations that be hard.  

Boras.  Boras, is hot and dry of Complexion, whose virtue is to knit, and glue wounds together by attraction.  

Glaucium, is good for to cleanse sore eyen.  Glaucium or Memitha, so called, is cold and dry in the first degree, and cometh from Sirrah: Pliny affirmeth this to be the lesser Celidon, and that cannot be, for Celidon is hot, and Glaucium is cold: therefore they cannot be one, seeing they be of two sundry natures: yet in colour it is yellow, and marvelous good for to make sieve, for to cleanse and help sore eyen. Dioscorides doth commend this juice. lib. 3. cap. lxxxiiij  

Gum Arabike will stop a bloody wound  Gum Arabyke, is hot and moist, of virtue will staunch blood in wounds, because it is slimy, it will also mollify and make things soft that be hardened, as apostimations, and it will stop the bloody Flix, resolved in Read Wine, and drunk.  
Glue, called Glutinum, of nature is hot & dry, and is made of the skins of beasts: 
Glue,  the best is made of the strongest beasts, as Bulls, Oxen, read dear. etc. that which is whitest, and clear shining, is very good. Resolved in Uinegar all the night, 
Dioscorides. lib. 3. cap. 85.  the same will cleanse Leprous filth, and Marmols from the skin, the place being warm anointed therewith. And sodden in warm Water, 
Glue hath many virtues  with Oil of water Lilies or Flare, it will help scalding & burning of the body, to anoint the sore place therewith. Wounds be helped with Glue resolved in Uinegar, and tempered with honey, and put into the said wounds, or else with Uinegar resolved for the same purpose. And thus I do conclude of Glue, made of Skins, which cannot be forborn, 
3. Glewes, of Beasts skins, of Fish, and of Corne.  neither of Bowyers, or Fletchers. There is a Glue made of fishes, as of the Bellies of Whales or other great fishes, which will quickly be resolved. And this is very good for to make Emplastrum for the head, or cleanse the filth or read spots from the face. There is another Glue made of Corn, as Wheat. etc. good for Paste for stationers, which Galen doth remember libro. seven. simplic. medic.  
Gum Opoponax, is a gum coming from an herb called Panax, 
Opoponax, doth resolve.  and of nature is hot and dry, and of virtue resolving, warming, & making soft things which be gross, cold and hard, and is used in sundry Oils and Linaments.  
Tragacantha cometh from Mons Gargano, 
Gum Tragacantha helpeth the rains.  and is a noble Gum of great virtue, and helpeth wounds inwardly in Linaments: and resolved in Fenel water, and drunk, helpeth the reins of the back and bladder. And with clean clarified honey. ʒ. i. doth cleanse the lungs, and will clear the voice from coughs, and is of great effect to help sore eyen. Many good Pills, and mixtures to be put under the tongue be made of this gum, 
Diosco. lib. 3. Cap. 20.  against Angina, and all the pains of the mouth and throat.  
Laudanum, is a precious gum, having virtue to heat and humecte or moist in the second degree: the best cometh from Cyprus, and is sweet of savour, 
Laudanum.  Galen doth commend it lib. 7. simplic. medica. because it putteth away cold, and giveth heat, and is good against the coldness of the brain, or cold rheum. And Laudanum melted with bears grease, 
Laudanum, doth help the hair from falling saith, Pausus.  will keep the hair from falling, to anoint or emplaster the naked or bore pallet. It maketh goodly Pessaries for to comfort the Matrix that is cold, and openeth the mouth of the veins. Melted in hot Oil of bitter Almonds, it maketh a singular ointment for deaf stopped ears: in subfumigation close under the secret clotheses of Women, which be newly delivered of child, it will eject or cast quickly forth the seconds, it moveth urine. If it be drunk in old Read wine it will stop the guts in a bloody flux. Mastic and Laudanum incorporate together, do fasten loose teeth, and this Laudanum is used both inwardly and outwardly, for the health of mankind, and hath a sweet savour of singular Virtue.  
Lycium or Pixacantha, so called of Dioscorides. lib. j cap. Cxiiii. which cometh from a sharp thorny bush or tree, leaved like Box, 
Lycium cometh from Lycia.  fruit like Pepper black and bitter, it groweth in Cappadocia and Lycia. The branches being cut, stamped and sodden, and so strained, from them cometh a juice, which is as thick as Honey, which is sophistical with sundry substances▪ as the juice of Wormwood, Ox gauls etc. This Lycium is yellow and bitter drying and piercing, of substance very earthly, and stiptik, it hath Virtue to help the Eyes, drieth moist scabs, and is good to be given them which be bitten with a mad Dog, and have Tenasmus or the bloody flix. 
For yellow hair.  It will make one have a yellow hair, & stoppeth the immoderate flux, either Read or white abounding in women. And thus I end of Lycium. Acacia cometh from a thorn in AEgipt, which hath cods growing upon it like a Broom, out of which cods, leaves, and seed, 
Acacia stoppeth the bloody flux.  is pressed forth the gum Acatia, which will restrain and stop most effectually, and is cold and dry. This Acatia above all gums hath virtue to cool and stop blood, and bloody flixes, and cool the burning of the eyes, and in the commendation thereof read Dioscorides. lib. j Cap. xxv. Theophrastus' lib. 4. cap. de plant. historia. Galen lib. 7. simplicium medicamentorum. etc.  
Terebinthus, is a goodly tree, hard and black, and groweth in Arabia, from which droppeth a precious liquor, 
Terebinthus or Terebintine hath great virtue. Galen. lib. 8. Sim. medica.  or thin guin called Terebintine, although from every Rosen tree a kind of Terebintine doth drop. Terebintine is hot and dry of nature in the second degree, and is used in many outward parts or pains of the body, and is put in sundry ointments & Cerots. etc. It will help the Sinews and muskels, it stoppeth Tenasmus, which is a running of the guts or flux, made in a subfumigation upon the coals. Clear Venice Terebintine washed & tempered with honey, will cleanse the lungs. Taken with Sugar in Pills, it will cleanse the reins, open the Bladder, purge Gravel, 
The virtue of Terebyntine.  cause much urine, help the Yard, and also mollify the Belly. Terebintine. ℥ two often washed in Fenell or Time water, then put into it the powder of new Safron, & Hiera simplex, ana. ʒ. ss. and keep this in a box & who so feeleth grief within their guts or reins, let them eat of this. ʒ. ij every morning, during four days. There is a fine Terebintine coming from the tree Larix, used much: and thus I leave of Terebintine which is sweet, 
Gum Larix is equal to the Terebinthin reed in Aetius  and shining clear, yet somewhat noisome to the stomach. There is much counterfeit Terebintine, made of Rosen & Oil. etc., which the Chirurgeons can craftily Sophisticate.  

Styrax calamity, and liquid Styrax; be sweet and wholesome.  Styrax calamity and Styrax liquid, be both hot and dry, the best of this, saith Galen, is brought from Pamphilia, it is good to be incorporate with Laudanum, clean new Wax, Musk, Sivet, it will make a pleasant Pomambre against stinking air, or coldness of the brain or melancholy. Styrax calamity, or of the Reed so called, maketh good Parfumes. The black is worst, the gum with shining colour is best: but to say the truth, the Apothicaries can so well Sophisticate the same with Wax. etc. that we can have but little true Styrax, as Myrrh, Amber, Musk. etc. the Apothicaries do give them all their blessings with adulterate baggage, 
The craft of subtle Apothecary's, doth mucch harm.  with a cast of legerdemain, to fill their purse, but if we had them in their right kind, little Wax were worth much money: and now in sundry places, much Wax is worth little money, or nothing at all. This very Styrax calamity doth mollify, warm, and drunk with Wine, helpeth the greatest griefs in the stomach and Rheum, and letteth the terms slip naturally: and helpeth stinking breath. Tempered with Oil, maketh a precious ointment for the head, of them which be overcome with cold. Styrax liquid is good in Ointments for scales, scabs, and French Pox, and is good to be burnt in perfume against a pestilent Air.  
Diacridium is hot and dry in the fourth degree, and is pressed out of an herb to purge with all, 
Diacridium.  the best is shining in substance, and black, there is good which is whitish, 
To know good Diacridium.  but much is sophisticated with spurge, Colophonie. etc. but that is not good, if it be brittle & bitter in Savour: and if you lick Diacridium with your tongue, so that white foam do remain after it, than it is good to purge choler, phlegm and melancholy: beware you receive not Scammony, before it be well prepared as you may see in the book of compounds: for this Scammony is very venomous before it be prepared, & expulseth good matter, and retaineth still the evil or hurtful humours to the great peril of the receiver, and will put the body in danger of a bloody flux incucurable: therefore prepare, I say, your said Scammony in Quinces made hollow, or in grey Costards, after the same manner: put in your Scammony, sprinkled with Oil of Uyolets, and bake it in Paste, that the venom may pass away: when it is cold, than it is Diacridium fit to purge, being corrected with mastic: and why shall mastic be put in? 
Scamonie is perilous, except it be first prepared.  Because it will abate the violence thereof, and keep the stomach and heart from danger, and guts from the bloody Flix. Gum Arabik is also wholesome therewith. choleric persons may be purged with lesser prepared Scammony, or Diagridium, than the Phlegmatic or Melancholy, and it may not be occupied .15. days after it be prepared as with Myrobalans. etc. It is used in sundry Electuaries, powders, & Pills. And undiscreetly ministered it anoyeth the heart, drieth good Humours, and wasteth nature, yea disolueth and finally killeth the body. Read in Valerius Cordus, which is a good Apothicary, not only to prepare this, but also all other things profitable for nature.  Marcellus. 
I Thank you with all my heart, I have conceived no less pleasure, to hear you all this long day, than you have taken pains of your part to teach me, the virtues of so many things without many questions moved: yet I had almost forgotten to move you, what virtue is in Myrobalans, which even lately you have named to be good with prepared Scammony?  Hilarius. 
MYROBALANUM is a noble fruit of Ind like Plumbs which hath virtue to purge superfluous humours, 
Myrobolans' of .v. kinds.  and comforteth nature, 
To seem young how to do it.  and who so useth to eat often of Myrobalans being condite, shall not seem old, saith Mesue, and maketh pure colour. There be .5. kinds of them, as Flauj, Chepuli, Indicjs. or Nigrj, Empelicjs, and Belliricjs, which do differ one from the other: for that Flauj, and Chepulj, do grow both upon one tree, for the Flaujs are gathered unripe, and the Chepuljs have their full nature and ripenesss. Myrobalans, Flauj, Indicjs, Chepuljs, and Belliricjs, be cold in the first, and dry in the second degree Empelicjs are cold and dry in the first degree, and be good for the liver, Gaul, Spleen, Raynes, and Bladder: and put in infusion of the juice of Quinces, standing .24. hours, and then strained, then put prepared Scammony, they will purge choler, as for example: Take Myrobalans Flauj. ℥ i the juice or syrup simple of Quinces. ℥ four stamp your Myrobalans, and then mingle them with the said juice, the juice being made warm, and let it stand in a close stone vessel .24. hours, then strain it forth, when this is done, beat your prepared Scammony fine into powder. ℥ four and temper it together, putting it in a close warm place to dry it by little & little, and of this ʒ. j. or little more will purge choler, & humours superfluous without hurt. Myrobalans' may be stamped with the Syrup of wormwood, & then sodden with the infusion of Agarike, & rhubarb, to purge phlegm & choler: 
To purge tender parsons.  it may be drawn with Chassia & Manna, for noble persons or People of tender nature. This fruit defendeth the body from corruption, trembling of the heart, heaviness, Melancholy, & bringeth to nature, cleanliness, favour, & mirth. And drawn with Fe●ill water and Sugar, 
To cleanse sore eyen.  it will cleanse the sight to be dropped into them morning and evening. The powder of them with Rosen will heal sore Ulcers. And thus I do end of Myrobalans, which will draw back the venomous force of every purgation that doth abound in operation.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Gauls, called Galla?  Hilarius. 
Gauls will bind, and nothing will cleanse the mouth from filth better, 
galls grow like Acorns. D●oscorides. lib. 3. cap. 123  applied to any sore therein. When the intolerable pains of the teeth do rage on still, a piece of Gaul applied to the place, will so one assuage the same. Gauls sodden and stamped, apply them to the Matrix when through weakness it is displased or faule down, and it will go back to his natural place again. 
Gauls will stop the Flix  Gauls will staunch blood, and make hair black, and stop the bloody flux in Clysters. Galen. lib. 7. simplic, medic. saith Gauls be cold in the second degree. The cups wherein they do grow be of the same nature. And thus I do end of Gauls, which are good to make Ink withal.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Acorns of the Oak tree?  Hilarius 
THe Oak tree of all noble trees for strength excelleth all other for substantial buildings, 
The Querke or Oak tree, will stop the bloody flux or blood, so will the Bark, Acorns, or leaves, with the Cups.  which Tree shall be once in no small estimation in this Realm of England to uphold houses, dwellings, and the royal Navies: although the Oak be of little price, yet for the Age, strength and virtue, few other trees excel it: the Bark cannot be forborn of Tanners to make Leather to serve the common wealth. The timber, as I have said, is principal in buildings. The Acorns have virtue to stop Dysenteria, and Tenasmus, which be extreme flixes. Of all trees that be glandiferous or bearing nuts, or Mast, nothing doth restrain more than the Oak and Acorns, as saith Dioscorides, lib. 1. cap. 121 and Theophrastus, 
The Beech tree, with his fruit will stop flixes.  lih. 3. cap 8. and 9 de plantis historia. Fagus the Beech tree, and Ilix do bear Mast, not only good for Swine to feed upon, but also in medicine doth stop terms imoderat, or restrain or drive back guts that be relaxed, or the precipitation or coming forth of the Matrices of Women, ●f either the barks, leaves, Buds, Acorns, or Cups be sodden in read Wine, running Water, and to sit close over it warm, and to drink the decoction thereof in clean Read Wine, Cinnamon, and Sugar. Suber the Cork Tree with his Fruit, 
Suber the Cork, will stop blood & flux.  hath the foresaid virtue to stop the Flix, or Blood▪ Read Pliny. lib. 11.  Marcellus. 
What then of Castania the Chestnut?  Hilarius. 
CHestnuts be commonly known, 
Castania the Chestnut.  which of nature will stop Flixes & restrain, make fat, & indurate the Spleen. In many places of Italy and France, the people doth live by these Chestnuts in winter, when they want other fruits. Stamp Chestnuts, Honey, and Salt together, 
Chestnuts help the biting of a Dog.  & apply it to the biting of a mad Dog, & it will heal it. Chestnuts move Venus or carnal lust, being roasted and eaten, they do offend the head, and Spleen, because they do inflate & stop, they be called iovis glanss, that is jupiters' Nuts, saith Dioscorides, lib. 1. cap. 122.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Myrtus?  Hilarius. 
MYRTUS the black, 
Myrtus hath virtue to restrain.  that grow in the Gardens be of more virtue to restrain, than they which grow upon the Mountains, which be white, the seed hath great virtue to restrain. The seed is good to be given to them which have the bloody flux and spit blood, and it openeth the urine. The juice of Myrtes drunk in Wine, doth stop the flux, & healeth filth, breading about the privy-members being washed therewith, & it doth cleanse the eyes. Myrtes hath virtue, restraining both inwardly, & outwardly, & do dry, 
To stop the flux, called Dyscenteria, & Tenasmus with Myrtes  as Galen affirmeth lib. 7. simplic. medic. it is partly overcome with coldness & earthly nature, yet it hath also a thin substance of warmness, which giveth it dryness. And thus I do end of Myrtus, called so of the Latens: and of the Arabians it is called Alas, whereof be three kinds, Saliva, Tarentina, and Exotica, and all be of virtue good to help the bloody Flix.  Marcellus. 
What say you to Coloquyntida?  Hilarius. 
IT is most bitter, white like a ball, full of seeds, 
Colocinthis, or Coloquyntida Dioscorides. lib. 3. cap. 171  leaves like to Cucummers, hot in the second, dry in the third degree. Good in Clysters against the colic, resolution of sinews, & purgeth phlegm, choler, & raw humours: it openeth the mouth of the veins, yet it is perilous to be given to Women with child, or weak people, A piece of Coloquyntida knit in a clout, and steeped in a draft of white Wine all a night, with four or v. Branches of ●●sop, strained in the morning, and so drunk, 
To kill worms in the belly with Coloquyntida.  will purge a strong body from much filth and Iliac: even so it will being sodden in sweet Water, cleanse all the body. Coloquyntida, Ox gaul, honey, Meal of lupines, and Oil of Wormwood, and Aloes, ana. ʒ. j.ss. stamped together, and warm applied to the belly, eftsoons a lax will follow, 
To help the Teeth with Coloquyntida  with Worms if any be within the guts. Sandarak. ℈ two vinegar. ℥ two Coloquyntida. ʒ.j. in powder incorporate and sodden together put into sore Teeth, taketh away the pains, if it come of cold: the Oil of Coloquyntida will kill Worms, help Sciatica, and put into the ears will take away the sound or tingling in them: and thus I do end of Coloquyntida, which is most bitter, and must be taken with discretion, the Arabians do call it Chandell.  Marcellus. 
What is Turbit?  Hilarius 
TUrbit is to purge phlegm, but as for the very Turbit, most men be uncertain what it is. 
Turbit which purgeth phlegm.  Actuarius saith it is the root of Pytiusa: Manardus and Mesue, affirm it to be second kind of Tithymalus which is called Mircyniles. But Dioscorides plainly doth affirm it to be Tripolium, 
Much variety of Turbit what it is.  as some suppose by the mind of Serapio. Antonius Musa supposeth it to be the second kind of Spurge agreeing with Manardus and Mesuae.  Marcellus. 
What are tamarinds.  Hilarius. 
tamarinds are a sour fruit of Ind, which be wild Dates, called Tamardactyli, 

tamarinds or Tamardactylos.  
Dioscorides lib. i cap. 126.   and be cold and dry, saith Mesue, in the second degree. This fruit will assuage the heat of choler, open the Gaul, and purge the belly. A decoction of tamarinds with Ptisant, and the juice of Pomgarnets', will quench hot Apostumations in the throat: when humours be to sharp, and bitter in the increasing or augmenting of the said Apostumations. The very pure Garden Dates, 
Dates of the best kind.  be fruits of great Virtue. This Date is the very fruit of that tree which is called the Palm tree, which fruit maketh precious wine in the Land of Syria, these Dates be commonly known here in England. 
To help Emeroydes.  Sodden Dates in old wine will help the Emeroides. A Date stamped with Honey of Roses, will glue & knit a new wound. But much eaten upon, being raw, are unfriendly to the head, and make gross Blood, and stop the Liver. 
Dates good in stewed broth.  Notwithstanding clean pared Dates be good in stewed broth, as we do commonly observe by custom. Galen doth remember Dates. lib. 7. simplic. medicamentorum, saying they be sweet and warm, and used much in meats etc.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Tamariscus, or Tamarix.  Hilarius. 
TAmariscus, is a would much like Quickbene, whereof there is plenty in one part of germany, 
Tamariscus is a little tree like Quicben  within a certain Island belonging to one of the Germayn Bishops: and this Tamariscus, is the better known here in England by the famous learned Man William Turner Physician: not only this, but many other simples, by the same Doctor, which Doctor is a jewel among us English men, 
Doctor wyllyam Turner  as well as among the germans, as Conradus Gesnerus reporteth of him for his singular Learning, knowledge & judgement. The wind of the decoction of Tamarix is wholesome to drink against the hardness of the Spleen, and stopping of the urine or strangury, because it doth open so much. The powder thereof in bread is wholesome for them to eat which have the quarten or Dropsy, 
Tamarix do help the Spleen.  it is as good as Asplenum for the Spleen. Galen affirmeth that Tamarix or Myricae lib. 7. simplic. medic. hath virtue to cleanse and open, and is hot and dry. Sodden in Vinegar, it helpeth the Spleen, and also the tooth ache. Dioscorides, lib, j cap xcix. doth commend Tamarix, 
Tamarix against the flux.  and saith it is used oftentimes in the place of Galls, and is good to be drunk against spitting of blood, and flixes. etc.  Marcellus. 
WHat say you of the Nut called Pistacia, which is a Nut of Italy. The juglans called a Walnut, the Hasell Nut, Nutmegs, Almonds, and the vomiting Nut,  Hilarius. 
PLinius affirmeth that the Pistacia is a fruit of Syria, 
Pistacia. a nut of Syria or Italy.  and was first brought into Italy by the famous Censor called Lucius Vitellius, in the time of Tiberius Caesar's days, and now there be great plenty of these Nuts in Italy. Galen reporteth of them lib 2. de alementorum facultatibus, that they be but little profitable to nutriment, notwithstanding good to the liver, cleansing evil humours from the same. But whether good or evil to the Stomach, profitable or noto the belly, relaxing or binding, he doth not affirm. Avicen saith thus, one saith he, affirmeth that the Pistate doth not profit the stomach: but I, saith Avicen, say, that the said Pistate, doth not only prevail against the noisomeness of the stomach, 
The virtue of the Pistac● Nuts.  but also will coroborate and make strong the ventricles. And to conclude, Dioscorides. lib. j cap. cxl. saith that Pistates of Syria be friends to the stomach, stamped and tempered with wine: either eaten or drunk they prevail against the stinging of Serpents. Nux juglans the Walnut, Quasi iovis glans as jupiters' nuts, with which fruits the people lived by, before they knew Tillage, 
Walnuts against poison▪ as Mithridatus reporttth.  and called them the great Gods nuts. These be commonly known, sweet within and bitter. without. And this tree, with all pertaining to the same is adstrictive of nature, and good oil is made thereof, and is bitter, and sooner digested than the Fylbyrd or hazel nut, and is used in medicines against poisons. They be hot in the first and dry in the second degree: and wholesome clean picked & washed in wine, to be eaten after Fish, and best new. Pliny reporteth that, when Mythridates the king of Pontus was dead, there was found in a chest of his, his own hand writing, in the land of walnuts, against Poison R. UUalnuts, in number ii Figs ii Rue leaves xx. stamped together with a little Salt, and eaten fasting doth defend that day from the Pestilence or poison put Honey to it, and it helpeth the biting of Dogs, laid upon the wound. The oil of nuts with Honey, or the green nutrindes will kill the Canker, to anoint the place, and also bring hair, and defend baldness.  
filberts be good of digestion, not good to be eaten before meat, 
filberts are good after. meat and doth help the rheum.  for than they be not a little noisome to the lungs and head. Notwithstanding if they be roasted and eaten with a little Pepper or Aster, than they shallbe comfortable to help a moist rheum. Stamped with Honey and Hyssop water, then they be good for old coughs. 
Walnuts.  There is a good ointment made of small nuts and Beeres grease, for to anoint a bald head to bring hair, Galen affirmeth that they be more cold and earthly than the Walnuts. 
To heal a prick.  Diocles saith they do less nourish than the Almonds, how be it the green be more wholesome than the dry. There is a comen medicine made of hassel nuts, or filberts, the juice of Dittany and black Soap stamped together, and this will draw forth a prick fixed within the flesh. And these Nuts be tolerable after fish, to dry up moist matter & the Greeks call them Karia pontica, because they came first from Portus, & now be almost in all the places of this World.  

Almonds sweet & bitter.  Almonds: the bitter Almonds, their Roots sodden, the decoction of them will cleanse the Face from spots. Bitter Almonds stamped with oil of Roses and Uinegar, will assuage the pains of the forehead to anoint the Head, 
Almonds to help the biting of a Dog  Temples, or Forehead therewith. Tempered with honey & Rue, they make a good plaster for the biting of a mad Dog, and the reason is this, the plaster is very hot, and the bite of the Dog is cold with Melancholy. The oil of bitter Almonds is wholesome for many things, as to warm the body, stomach, Matrix etc. and to pour into the ear to help them which be deaf, if it be curable. Bitter Almonds be hotter than the sweet, they cleanse the guts, liver, & Stomach, and draw foul humours from the Lungs, 
Almond milk, the virtue thereof.  saith Galen. lib. 7. simplic. medic. Almond milk will cleanse scour, and cut gross humours, & may be made in the decoction of Hens, Partridge, or Chycken, to strengthen nature, or with cold herbs, as Sichory, endive, Violets. etc. to quench choler, & to reconcile sleep. To cleanse the reins, stamp Almonds in clean washed Uenyce Terebintine, and eat it, both for the Colic, Strangury and the Stone: eat Almonds before meat and drink, if you be afraid of drunkenness: quench Gold, Silver, Steel, Flynt, or any of them in Almond Milk, wherein is put the powder of Rice, and it will stop a flux to drink the same. Many great virtues be written of Almonds, 
Gum of Almonds stoppeth the flux.  as Dioscorides libro primo. cap. 139. etc. The gum of Almonds sleeped in Wine and drunk, helpeth the flux or spitting of blood, so will gum of Cherries.  

Nux vomica to vomit how to do it.  There is a Nut called Nux vomica, which if it be stamped and eaten by itself, or else with a little Salt, or Oximell simplex. ʒ.j. it provoketh vomits of choler and phlegm. And mingled with honey, the seed of Fenell, Dill, & warm Water, it maketh a most wholesome vomit for a foul stomach, but beware ye take no more than. ʒ. j. for than it is most perilous to nature or life. 
Dog leeches.  With this Nut and Helleborus Albus, many dog Leches do put the ignorant people in danger of their lives. As of late one called Edwardes, a doltish impericke, came to Newcastle, and had like to have killed Cuthbert Blunt, 
Edward's the imperike. Cuthbert Blunt.  a gentleman of the same town, who through drinking of the Syrups of Uyolets, Quinces, and Mints, was happily recovered, and after through infortune finished his careful Life in London, being Prisoner in the Fleet. Anno. 1660.  
The Nutmeg or Musk Nut most odoriferous, pleasant, and sweet, used in many Cordials and wholesome receipt against coldness, 
Nutmeg, or musk nut, have many singular virtues against cold.  and cometh from the hot Country of Ind, from an Island called Badan, and is enclosed with Maces, as with a Nutshall, which Maces is a spice most wholesome: the clove is not the stalk whereupon this worthy Nut doth grow: the Mauritanians affirm that they be hot in the second degree. The old Writers speak but little of this Nut, it is proved to be good against wind, colic, phlegm, weak digestion▪ vomits, headache, coldness of the liver, cardiakes, stopping of the spleen, Dropsy, swellings, bloody Flixes: it comforteth the Sinews, muscles, & Veins of cold, or old people: maketh sweet breath, putteth away trembling of the heart▪ and is wholesome to be beaten in powder, and tempered with oil of Mints, and to anoint the forehead and temples against coldness of the head, or dullness of memory, and is wholesome in plasters for the stomach, quilted in Leather and Silk: good in stewed broths, for them which be long sick, and the Oil is comfortable for cold stomachs: 
Nutmegs not good for hot complexioned men.  but Avicen speaking a little of the Nutmeg saith, it is evil for a Sanguine man to use it, because it will adust the blood, (and make one appear with a face as though he had a visor of Coral) be cause of the dryness: so to conclude, the Nutmeg is the fruit, the Mace the flower, or Rose that doth enclose it, the Clove is the small Stalk that beareth it, as they say. But Cinnamon is another manner of Bark. 
Cinnamon.  Dioscorides saith there be divers kinds of Cinnamon which are hot, and dry of nature in the third degree, and help the stopping of the liver, Dropsy, Flixes, and all the pains of the Guts, Lungs, and breast, & 'cause a sweet breath, and are wholesome in blanch powder or sops. Cloves come from Ind, and grow like nails upon Trees, and be hot and dry, and odoriferous, 
Cloves.  and be good against cold.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Fraxinus, the Ash tree?  Hilarius. 
THis tree is commonly known, 
Fraxinus the Ash tree.  whose leaves being stamped or sodden in Wine, do heal the stinging of serpents. Pliny saith, the leaves of ash trees be deadly to beasts, but that should seem to be erroneously spoken of Pliny, because we see the contrary: but there is an herb which hath leaves like ash leaves called Ditten▪ 
Ditten.  of which Matthiolus maketh mention in his comment upon Dioscorides, which herb is good for man against poison, Worms and swellings, but no beast dare eat thereof. And I suppose Pliny meant this Dittany, which I have proved to be good against the Tympany of Water. I have proved it at Tinmouth Castle, where plenty doth grow upon the Rocks. But to conclude of the Faxin, or ash tree, the leaves being sodden with the Oil of S. Ihons' grass and Terebintine are good against Cuts, sores, and open wounds to glue, 
To help broken booes  or draw them together again: they also be good with Consolida, Compherie, bean meal, & oil of Myrtes, to lay upon broken Benes. 
To help the Spleen.  And the keys of ash tree sodden in Wine, Citrach, fresh Capers, and Sugar, are good to drink to diminish the swelled Spleen, and of nature are cold and dry in the second degree.  Marc●llus. 
What say you of Populus, called the Poplar tree?  Hilarius. 
THere is the white and the black Poplar, 
Populus the Poplar tree.  which be cold and dry in the third degree. Of the Poplar is made the goodly Unguent called Populeon. The juice of the leaves be wholesome to be dropped into the hot stopped Ears. The Poplar young Buds, incorporate with clean Honey and rose-water, be wholesome to assuage the pains of the eyen, coming of heat. And the juice of the bark sodden in read Wine, will stop a bloody Flix. and the Sciatica: read further. lib. 1. Dioscorides. Cap. xciij.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Brome called Genista?  Hilarius. 
THe Brome, and the Whin or Fur bush be hot and dry in the second degree: 
Brome.  add the seed will provoke vomits, cleanse filth in the stomach, and kill Worms. The juice tempered with Staphisagry, oil of Wormewod & Aloes, 
To kill Lice.  will kill Lice. The oil of Brome will heal a Tetter.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of the juniper?  Hilarius. 

juniper  DIOSCORIDES is his first book Cap. 87. saith, there are .2. kinds of jenupers, or bigger than the other both sour or tart of taste, hot of nature, moving urine, Serpents will flee from the smoke thereof. juniper berries be wholesome to cleanse the Stomach, 
juniper will drive away Serpents.  help the cough, inflations, and the torments of the belly. There is a precious Oil made of juniper to warm the sinews and comfort the head, being overcome with cold. juniper berries be wholesome to put in medicine against the Pestilence, & biting of Serpents. Pliny in the laud of juniper saith, 
juniper was the beams of Diana's Temple. Pliny. lib. 16. Cap. 40.  that the beams in the rich temple of Diana of Ephesus, were made of juniper, the which remained many hundred years unperished, until the burning of the same. The Chemistes or Distillars of Waters, make their ardent hot Fires of juniper.  Marcellus. 
What virtue is in Hypocistis?  Hilarius. 

Hiposistis.  HYpocistis is cold and dry in the second degree. Galen saith, lib. seven simplic▪ medicamentorum. Cistus is a binding fruit, the leaves and small buds do dry and bind and glue Wounds together: 
Hipocistea will stop blood.  but the flowers be of most effect. Drunk in Wine they are good against the bloody flux, or weakness of the belly: and also for Women, that have to much read flux menstrual. And with Sanguis Draconis and Bosearmen, with the white of an Egg, it will stop a bloody Wound.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the Pomegranate, and Balaustia, Lymondes, & Oranges?  Hilarius. 

Malum Punicum the Pomgarnet.  EMplasters made of pomegranates, be good against hot Fevers: the Wine of Pomgranettes, is good to comfort the Stomach after meat. There are two kinds of them, the sour, and the sweet the sour be cold, 
Balaustica the flower of Pomgarnete which will stop a flux.  and dry in the second degree, but the sweet be cold and moist in primo. And this Fruit is called Malum punicum, the flowers be called Balaustium, of the Wild Pomegranate which flower hath virtue to stop flixes, by the reason they be cold and dry, and slipticke of nature, and very good to be put in Clysters and in the drink of them, which have Disenteria, or Tenasmus. The sour Limondes are cold and dry, 
Limondes' Orynges.  but the sweet are warm, the tindes are all dry. And Limondes are good in Wine and do resist poison: Oranges are weaker of nature, and are cold and dry.  Marcellus. 
What is Cubebes, I pray you of nature?  Hilarius. 
THey be hot in the beginning of the third degree, 
Cubebes have goodly virtue against melancholy.  and be good to cleanse the breasts and bellies, of raw phlegmatic persons, which be full of gross humours. They help the spleen, and coolness of the Guts: with mastic they will draw filth from 〈…〉. And with Balm Water, there is nothing better against Melancholy trembling of the heart, and the falling evil. And these Cubebes be used in many goodly medicines.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Figs?  Hilarius. 
Figs be of divers sorts, but hot in the first degree, 
Figs will ●ipe apostumes, best of all fruits and are wholesome to be eaten.  and dry in the second: and be full of maturity or ripeness, and will open the poares, cause sweet breath, breed lice, by the reason the foul humour is cleansed through the skin by them. Relax the belly, and sodden in Wine with Hyssop, strained and drunk, help the throat, lungs, and old rotten coughs. Figs be good against Melancholy, and the Falling evil, to be eaten. Figs, Nuts, and herb Grace, do make a sovereign medicine against poison, or the pestilence. Figs make a good Gargarism to cleanse the throat, and stamped with Shoemakers ware, will heal an ulcer. Figs will ripe hard apostumations, of the plague sore: Snails, swines grease and Figs, with bean flower stamped together, 
Figs heal ulcers.  and warm applied to a sore swelled throat, will ripe it, and help Angina. The Wine of the decoction of Figs, is wholesome to be drunk against bruises, or falls. Figs be fruit most worthy and commendable to man's nature, both inwardly in meat to cleanse the blood being also a goodly Medicine: 
Figs be both meat and medicine.  and outwardly in wholesome plasters, to ripe an hard Apostumation or sore: by the reason they will warm, and make the skin thin. And thus I do end of Figs.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the Mulberry?  Hilarius. 
GALEN. lib 7. simplicium medicamen●orum saith, 
Morus the Mulberry.  the ripe sweet Mulberry will somewhat relax, but the Tart unripe will restrain and stop the belly: so it is then of nature relaxing and binding. The Bark of the Mulberry tree root sodden in Water, to drink that Water doth resolve the belly, Dioscorides. lib. cap. 143. the leaves stamped with Uinegar do heal scalding, or burning, to anoint the place therewith. Tricoctus called the Meddler, 
Mespilus.  or Mespilus hath virtue also to restrain, stop, and cool.  Marcellus. 
What is Sebesten good for?  Hilarius. 

Sebesten will help Struma  SEbesten and juiubes be good to help the grief in the throat called Struma if they be sodden in sweet water, Meede, or in the decoction of Lyquorice and Figs. And they be both of a temperate heat and moistness, used in many medicines.  Marcellus. 
What say you of leaven?  Hilarius. 

leaven dissolveth hard things, and maketh them soft.  leaven called Fermenrum, is hot and moist, and will quickly dissolve a hard apostumation: and if it be stamped with Figs it will speedily ripe and draw. And leaven is wholesome to help the prick within the flesh or Sinews, made like a cerate.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Ceruse?  Hilarius. 

Ceruse tooleth inflamed sores  IT will scour, and is used among the Chirurgeons, for to quench hot ulcers: it hath virtue to dry, and is cold & dry in the second degree.  Marcellus. 
What then of Licium?  Hilarius. 

Licium.  LIcium is very subtle, drying and penitrating: and of nature is cold and stiptike.  Marcellus. 
Wherefore is Litarge good?  Hilarius. 
GALEN remembering Spuma argentj: saith Lytharge doth dry, as other medicines do, 
Galen. lib. 9 simp. medica.  that be made of metal, Stone, or any other earthly thing, of a strong faculty, and is used in sundry linementes, against hot burning Ulcers. 
Litarge.  And is naturally cold and dry, and is tried out of Sande, called Molybdis. Look Dioscorides. lib. 5. Capt. lxiij.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Galanga, and Cost?  Hilarius. 

Galanga.  GALANGA is hot and dry in the third degree, and biteth as Gynger doth upon the tongue, with burning like Pepper, and will take away coldness of the breast, heart, guts, matrix and reins: drunk with Planten water, it stoppeth the bloody flux, and strengtheneth nature, 
Ciperus.  comforteth the brains, and trembling of the heart. Ciperus, which is called Aspalathum, is very sweet, and of the nature of Galanga, and is called wild Galanga, but it doth more vehemently expel the terms being drunk: the roots be like Ginger. cost is diuritike, hot and warm, and resisteth Uenime.  Marcellas. 
What say you of Iris, called Ireos?  Hilarius 
IRIS is so called, because of similitude of the rainbow, 
Ireos.  and is commonly known: it is called the flower Delice, hot, and dry in the end of the third degree. And is of two kinds, Garden, 
To resolve.  and Field Ireos: and it will resolve, soften, and open, and is put in mollifying Cerotes, with grease of Ducks, Capons, Hens, and Geese, and the Powder of Flax, Bean meal, Holioke, and Wax accordingly. Ireos' powder tempered with honey, and therewith a convenient Pessary made, is good to draw forth the dead child. It is wholesome for Struma, or swelling in the throat, in lynamentes. And the Powder thereof will heal a Fistula, or a rotten Ulcer. Uinegar, Oil of Roses, and Ireos, sodden & strained, 
To cover a bone with flesh.  put thereunto Honey of Roses, and it will cover a naked place, whereas the flesh is gone from the Bone, and will quickly cover it again with flesh. The whiter it is, & the meaner it is, the better: Pliny doth not a little commend it libro twenty for ointments, so do Aetius lib. xiii. cap. iiij. but not inward in medicines.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Pepper?  Hilarius. 
Pepper cometh from Ind, 
Pepper.  the black groweth upon clusters like to little black juniper Berries: Some grow in Husks, & both the white Pepper, long Pepper, and black Pepper be all hot in quarto, and dry in the second: the long is most biting, because it is gathered before it be ripe, therefore it hath still the hot humour. The black is perfect ripe, and is wholesome: the white is sweetest, but weakest of them three. Pepper is used in sundry medicines, and in meat against coldness: 
Pepper dissolveth & consumeth moist humours.  it draweth dissolveth, and consumeth moist humours, and drieth them, and helpeth an ague, being drunk many times, specially before the Fit. Grose Pepper will help digestion, and never hurt the liver. There is a goodly Dia made of the three peppers, called Dia trion Pipereon, which hath great virtue against hoarseness, stopping of the lungs, and cold rheums.  Marcellus. 
What say you then of the three Sanders, have not they the same virtue, that the three peppers have?  Hilarius. 
NO sir, for the Sanders be Wood, or a Tree called Santalum, 
The three kinds of Sanders.  of three kinds: the pale, the white, and the read, cold in the second degree. And all these be wholesome to stop flixes, and wounds: and with rose-water, Saunders be wholesome, to be applied to the forehead in a cloth, with a piece of a Rose cake, to assuage the hot burning pains in the forehead. Sanders be wholesome in Drinks, to be given to quench a hot Fever. Temper the juice of Solanum, and Purssen, 
Sanders do● cool the head and reconcile sleep & help the Gout.  with Saunders, and the oil of water lilies, and anoint the raging Gout therewith, and the pains will vanish away, through the virtue thereof Avicen in libro de viribus Cordis, affirmeth Sanders be put in sundry good medicines, against the trembling of the heart. I noble Dia is made thereof, called Di●trion Santalj.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Cardamomum?  Hilarius. 

Grains of Paradise called Cardamomum.  CARDAMOMUM, is a precious spice, called the grain of Paradise, growing in Arabia Foelix: the best be the heaviest and sharpest, bitter of taste in the mouth, with a pleasant verdure, flening up into the head, or Pallet of the mouth: these be hot of nature, and to be drunk against the falling sickness. 
Cardamomum helpeth the falling sickness.  Sciatica, Cough, resolution of the Sinews, Ruptures, pains in the b●lly, and kill Worms in the Belly, and provoke urine. A dram drunk to Wine, with as much of the bark of Laurus, breaketh the stone: the common grains be nigh hand as good, and are hot and dry.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Laurus, called the Bay?  Hilarius. 
IT hath been in great estimation, since Tiberius' Caesar's time, which was crowned with Bays: it signifieth victory, and is of a fiery nature. For example, cast two dry Bay sticks over each other, and cast a little powder of Brimstone between them, and eftsoons fire will flame forth. marvelous things be written of the bay tree: read Theophrastus. lib. 4. Cap. viii. Galen. lib. 7. simplic, medic. saith, the Bay tree leaves and berries, do dry, and warm vehemently: 

Laurus called the Bay.  
Against the stone.   the more they be bitter, the more they are adstrictyve. They will break the stone, and are good for a cold liver, drunk in strong Wine. ʒ. j. yet they are evil for Women with child. The berry is hotter than the Leaf, and the Oil is wholesome against cold Agues, and goodly plasters be made thereof.  Marcellus. 
THe children of Israel, in their hunger had Manna falling from Heaven, during their passage in the Wilderness: and after their coming over the river of jordan, they were fed no more therewith. And as I do hear say, there is a certain Manna, which our Apothecaries do cell, to delicate persons, to quench the heat of choler, and purge their blood withal.  Hilarius. 

Manna. Exod. xuj. Sapi. xuj. Psalm. 78. Ihon. 6.  THE children of Abraham, Isaac, and jacob, were fed by the providence of God: because he● was their God, and they his own people. He provided for them by miracle, because they should love him, and honour him above all earthly things, for feeding them with heavenly Bread, called Manna, which as the holy Writers affirm, was the Spiritual food, even jesus christ: with which the true faithful Chrystians, are most comfortably nourished within the blessed sacrament of Christ'S body, which is our redemption, once bodily offered on the Cross, & daily in the congregation of the faithful, spiritually ministered in the holy Sacraments, until th'end of that World according to his promise. But this Manna, which we do use in bodily medicine, is a sweet liquor, which doth still from the Air, in the time of the Canicular days▪ 
Manna of Calabria.  falling upon Trees, Branches. Herbs, Flowers, and Stones. etc. Some Manna cometh from the Orient, and other from Calabria, which is sweet, light and in small grains, much like unto mastic. 
Manna of the Ash tree in Italy.  There is a City in Calabria called Coslentia, and the Ash trees about the same once a year in the Canicular days, have great plenty of Manna hanging upon them. There is but little dyversity between Manna and Teryniaben, but that this is like drops of Honey, and will quench heat, purge blood, and relax the belly, & Manna will do the same, and is white and clear like gum. And yet these two do descend from heaven. Galen, Pliny, and Theophrastus, remembering Manna, say: that in one time of Summer, there is honey raining from heaven upon trees. etc. At which time, the Husband men play, and sing, 
The great virtue of Manna for mankind.  saying: jupiter raineth Honey, jupiter Melle pluit. This Manna is wholesome for to cleanse the breast, lungs, reins. etc. And of nature is hot▪ temperate, and moist, and the more it is to be lamented, by false craft it is sophisticated, or it cometh hither. And when it cometh into England, it is but little helped among some Apothicaries: and this Manna with Cassia is wholesome to purge: and you may receive Manna Simple. ℥ two in your drink, or eat it like bread in the morning, or at noon: it is most delicious, and pleasant to tender Folks. Children may eat. ℥ i at once, and young Babes in their milk, may receive. ʒ. ij▪ ss.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Sugar of the Cane?  Hilarius 
DIOSCORIDES remembering Sugar. lib. 2. cap. 75. saith, 
Sugar of the Cane.  there be Reeds in Arabia, in which is a thing contained like Salt, & breaketh in the mouth like Salt, and is both pleasant, and good to the Belly & stomach: deluted or steeped in water if it be drunk, it helpeth the reins. And Sugar is good to cleanse the darkness of the eyen. Sugar is used in most Sirupes, and juleps, Manus Christi. etc. Sugar cannot be spared in banquets, or garnishment of feasts: Although Sugar cannot be simply made, from the panel, or sand, which cometh from the Cane, without some art, yet there is much craft in it, by sophistication, to make it trim to the sale, sweet and pleasant, like Musk to the mouth more pleasant, than profitable. But the clean clarified Honey, 
honey is more excellent than Sugar to preserve.  doth excel for health the Sugar, specially the Honey of Athens, where as the Bees feedeth most upon tyme. Sugar Candy is good for the Lungs.  Marcellus. 
What say you of spikenard?  Hilarius. 
spikenard is odoriferous, pleasant & sweet, comfortable to the brain, & sinews, and warmeth each part of the body being cold, 
Spicknard of Spain▪ help●th ●he bray●  & is good to be drunk against the falling evil, Colic, Flix, Cardiaca▪ Dropsies, & Hickit, & it will increase hair, the powder being tempered with Honey to anoint the place. Spicknard beaten into powder tempered with the Waters of Fenell, 
For sore eyes to help them.  Roses, and Eyebright, putting a little Lapis tutia and Aloes Epatike, standing all the night together, and strained in the morning▪ this dropped into dim eyes, will comfort, scour, and strengthen the sight. And of nature it is hot in the first degree, and dry in the second. And thus I do end of Spica Nardi, whereof there be two kinds, one of Syria, and the other of Ind. Read more thereof. Dioscorides. libi 1. Cap. 6.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Caphura, commonly called Camphor?  Hilarius. 

Caphura called Camphor, a gum of a great tree of jude.  IT is a Gum of a tree of Ind, whose bigness, & breadth of the branches be so large, that a. C. men or more, may be shadowed under the same: this tree groweth near the sea side, and the people of Ind do cover themselves from the heat of the Sun under the shadow of the same. There was a certain king among them called Riach, 
Riach found first Camphor  which found out the worthy virtue of this Gum, and from the base colour thereof did by art change it into shining whiteness, which is the best Camphor, all the other is but base and of small estimation. Some also say that Camphor is a heavenly influence, 
Sundry opinions of Camphor.  cast down by the violence of thunder, and lightning, and is gathered out of the earth like unto Sulphur or Brimstone, although it be by the judgements of Serapio and Avicen cold and dry in the third degree, and cometh from the Meridian part of the World: but there is much craft and sophistication of the Camphor, through the craft & subtlety of strangers before it is brought into the Realm. But if you will know good Camphor, 
How to know good Camphor.  do this, take a new Manchet hot from the Oven and cut it a sunder in the mids, then put in the Camphor and close the loaf lose together, then if the Camphor do cast a moistness, it is the best argument to prove it to be good Camphor, but if it remain dry like unto earth, than it is false, and counterfeit: good Camphor will burn upon Snow, and also in Water, it aught to be kept close, covered about with Flax seed, Pepper, or such like, for by itself it will waste away quickly: it is put in many goodly ointments to quench the heat that is above nature & to extinguish carnal Lust, 
Camphor will quench nature.  as to temper it with the juice of Nightshade, Uinegar, and water lilies, then to anoint the Testicles or privy parts, and this shall quench the heat of nature: it will also reconcile sleap, to make an ointment with Rose water, Oil of water lilies, & Woman's Milk, 
To 'cause fleape.  and to anoint therewith the Temples▪ and Forehead. Planten water and Camphor, will stop the bleeding at the nose: it is put in goodly ointments to cleanse the spots from the face, & the filth from the skin: it preserveth the eyes from blindness tempered with medicines accordingly. It stoppeth the running of the rains & white Fluxes passing from Women, 
To stop the whites & running of the reins.  drunk with the juice of water lilies: it is good against the Pestilence, & finally it will preserve a dead body from stinking putrefaction. And thus I end of Camphor called Caphura. Vitex called Agnus Castus is also of the Nature of Camphor, 
Agnus Castus or Vitex for chastity.  to dry up the seed of Generation, but in complexion as Galen saith, it is hot and dry in the third degree, bitter of taste and binding read Galen thereof. lib. 24. cap. 9 And Dioscorides the first book the. 116▪ Chapter of the nature of Agnus Castus doth greatly laud it for the singular virtue, being so goodly an instrument for chastity. And how the Women of Athens that professed chastity did straw the Leaves thereof about their Beds. And thus I do end of Agnus Castus, that is to say, chaste  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Sulphur, called Brimstone?  Hilarius. 
SULPHUR called Brimstone, 
Sulphur or Brimstone.  is hot and dry in the fourth degree: with this Sulphur, and fire, God plagued the People of Sodom, and Gomor, for their abominable Sins against Nature. Sulphur is one of the simples put into the receipt of Gunpowder, wherewith God by his instruments hath plagued the proud World with, through merciless Guns, Sulphur is found in divers parts of the world, as in veins of the Earth, Welles, Pits, aswell in the cold parts of Iseland, as in the hot parts of Ind. Of a sulphuroous humour it is presupposed that the waters of the Baths here in England have their continual warmness. Also in Italy in the field Senensis, 
Bath springe came from a vain of Brimstone.  upon the mountains not far from the warm Baths of S. Philip, is much Brimstone found, therefore it is none error to say that the hot Baths have their original spring of Brimstone. Sulphur hath virtue to dry up Scabs being tempered with fasting spittle, Uinegar, and swines grease. It also helpeth Leprous, Scabs, and Poxes, being sodden in Oil Debay, and sharp Uinegar. And Galen saith, that it doth resist the venom of Serpents. 
To cleanse scabs.  notwithstanding through the heat thereof it will exulcerat, if it be not corrected. And thus I end of Brimstone, the whitest & clearest is the best.  Marcellus. 
Hitherto have I not remembered the noble Rose, with his singular virtues, I pray you show me the nature of the same?  Hilarius. 
DIOSCORIDES writing upon the Rose. 
The Rose, a friend to the brain, & eye●.  lib. 1. Cap. 112 saith that the Rose is cold, and binding, and is friendly unto the eyes. Roses being first dried in the shadow, and sodden in Wine, the same liquor is good for the pains in the head, Eyes, and ears, 
Oil of Roses for the head.  the places to be washed or anointed therewith. The Oil of Roses is of a singular virtue to be put in Linementes, for to cool hot burning Ulcers, inflammations, and such like, because it will resolve, & also extinguish, & comfort wounds in the head, through any stripe or fall. And of this Galen doth remember lib. x. simplic. medic de sanguine. There is a precious ointment of Roses called unguentum Rosarum, whose virtue is to extinguish the heat of the reins of the back, and it reconcileth sleep for to have the Temples, and Forehead anointed therewith, if it be made sweet and white according to Arte.  
There are sew Cordials can want the help of Roses, and Rose water. And as Dioscorides saith, when the Rose is pulled from the bush, the whitest must be cut away from the read with a pair of Shears, which read leaves must be dried, preserved, or stilled to the use of medicine. There be divers and sundry kinds of Roses, as the read Rose, the white Rose, and the province Rose, 
Sundry kinds of Roses all of great virtue.  which is excellent in medicine, and most pleasant to be smelled upon, comfortable to the Brain, and Heart: among all Flowers none excelleth the province Rose for his manifold virtues: as against the trembling of the heart, dimness of sight, frenzies, lack of sleep, corruption of the Air, heat above Nature, Flixes. etc. Of Succus rosarum is made the most excellent electuary to purge choler with all. The waters of Roses excelleth all other waters, if they be purely stilled. Read Pliny the 21. lib. cap. 4. which writeth most copiously of the natures, shapes, & virtues of Roses. The more leaves that Roses have, the preciouser they be. The best Roses of the World do grow in Italy, 
The best Roses be in Italy.  and France. The Roses of England be not much inferior unto them. The little yellow tufts growing within the Roses, finely beaten into powder, be wholesome to staunch blood, to kill Worms, to cleanse the Canker in the mouth, and to take Pollipus from the Nose. There be also many wild stinking Roses, as Theophrastus maketh mention. lib. 6 cap. 6. de historia Plantarum. There is also Rosa Solis which is distilled to make a water compounded to preserve nature withal: and thus I do end of this precious flower called the Rose, which the Arabians for the excellent sweetness thereof▪ doth call Narde.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Alum?  Hilarius. 

Alum.  DIoscorides doth remember the same in his .5. book, the 22. cap. saying it cometh out of Egypt, found where as metals do grow, & in many other places, as in Melo, and in Macedonia: also there is great plenty thereof in Italy, which is most white and clear, it is hot and dry in the fourth degree, and is very wholesome in the cure of Cankers: 
Alum for the Canker.  and if it be sodden with Planten water, it helpeth ulcers that seem incurable: sodden with Honey and Uinegar alone, it will stablish & make fast teeth. Alum doth cleanse & scour, & is used in many medicines: brunt alone, 
Burnt Alum consumeth flesh.  maketh Corosives to corode, consume, & take away dead flesh: you may read more thereof in Galen. lib. 4. simpli. medica. of the virtue of the cleansing, and the scouring. Alum is profitable in every common wealth, where as good clotheses be made.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Quicksilver?  Hilarius. 
THere is much variety whether it should be hot or cold in the .4 degree, 
Quicksilver or Mercury.  but it should seem rather to be hot, by reason it doth dissolve and pierce: it hath virtue to consume, and it is perilous to be used in ointments to kill scabs with all, for it is piercing, and subtle, that at length it will come into the inward parts, where as finally it will mortify and kill. It is found in Minerals of Silver, and is a destroyer of other metals. With this Quicksilver and Sal armoniac, is made Mercury sublimate, which must be kept in a close vessel, 
Mercury sublimate.  adusted in a Oven, or burnt until it come to the colour of white Sugar, which Mercury sublimate is used of Chirurgeons for to cleanse foul ulcers and sores, and is a poison inwardly to be taken, except with all speed after the same a vomit be taken of Oil or Azarabaccha. If Quicksilver be taken inwardly, it is also pearillous, and nothing better to help it, than to drink Wormwood wine with the seed of Clary boiled therein. marvelous things be done by means of Quicksilver as the Chimistes doth know, and yet for all that we see little Gold multiplied thereby. Thus to conclude, Quicksilver may be conveniently ministered in ointments, to heal the Pox.  Marcellus. 
I pray you what is the nature of Atramentum, of the Mineral?  Hilarius 
It is a natural corrosive, and hot and dry in the third degree. 
Atramentum.   Marcellus. 
What say you of unslacked Lime, called Clax viva?  Hilarius. 
IT is hot and dry in the third degree: unslacked Lime, oil of Roses, 
Calx vius Lime, helpeth rotten sores.  the juice of Enulacampana and Uynegar, strongly beaten together in a leaden Mortar with putting in Terebintine: maketh an Ointment which will heal scabs, infecting the Thighs, or Legs, and all rotten ulcers.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Uerdigreace?  Hilarius 
IT hath virtue to consume superfluous flesh, 
Uerdigreace.  and doth mundefie rotten humours, filthy ulcers, deep stinking sores, and rebateth & consumeth proud flesh, and is the chief thing in unguentum Aegyptiacum, 
unguentum Aegyptiacum.  for Uerdygreace. honey, Roche Alum, Wax, Oil, and Uynegar, sodden together in a convenient vessel, stirred together with a stick till it come to a thickness, this ointment is good Aegyptiacum which hath the foresaid virtues, and is hot and dry of nature.  Marcellus 
What is the nature of Spodium?  Hilarius. 
SPodium is cold and dry, and tempered with Roche Alum, 
Spodium.  it will heal ulcers, and Cankered matter in the mouth.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Minium?  Hilarius. 
MINIUM is used in divers linementes, and Cerotes, 
Minium and Ceruse,  and by burning in the Furneiss, it is made of Ceruse, and of nature is cold, and dry.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of Uernishe?  Hilarius. 

Uarnish.  IT is good for Armourers, it hath virtue also to scour and cleanse sores, and wounds, and is hot and dry in the second degree.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Soap?  Hilarius. 
SMigma is called Sope. Soap cannot be forborn in any common wealth, 
Smigma or Sope.  for washing of Linen, and cleansing of the Bodies of Men and Women, which be defiled with sweat and filth, through travel & labour. But it is perilous to be put into wounds, because it maketh separation: notwithstanding, it is hot & dry, yet it doth neither burn, nor adust. French Soap, Nighter, common Salt, 
French soap.  ana. ℥ i put in a little close stone vessel, with three spoonfuls of Uinegar, let it stand in the furnaces, until it be dried. This is good to wash the head, in a little Malmesy, wherein Azarabaccha hath been sodden, against all coldness, and dullness of the Brain. French Soap mingled with the powder of Elleborus Niger, called the root of bears foot, Uerdigreace, Litarge of Silver and Gold, Tartar, and Quicksilver corrected, beaten all together in a Leaden Mortar with the juice of houselike, and Stonecrop, maketh a goodly Ointment to kill Tetters, black Morphew, 
Soap will kill Tetters.  Ringwormes, Spots, and Melancholy, infecting the Skin. French Soap, Oil of Roses, and the white of an Egg beaten together, are good against scalding, or foul stinking Scabs, or itch. It Soap be applied in a Walnut shell to the Navel of a child, forthwith it will 'cause the urine speedily to purge. Soap is used also among the emperikes, or unlearned practitioners to be taken inwardly, to provoke urine & stool: but this practice is not to be commended. And thus I end of soap, called Smigma.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Lead?  Hilarius. 

Lead will cool▪ & help sores.  GAlen. lib. 9 simpli. medica. saith Lead to refrigerat and cool, it hath also humidite, and is a little earthly of nature, cold and moist in the second degree, and is good against foul cankered sores, and filthy ulcers, fistulas, Emeroides. etc. thus washed. White or read Lead beaten with an Iron Pestle in a Leaden Mortar pouring in oil of Roses, 
Burnt lead.  or unguentum Rosarum, labour it well, and then it will make a good ointment for hot burning sores, & will resolve the hardness of them. A plate of Lead is good to cool the burning of the reins: Plumbum ustum burned Lead with Brimstone, hath virtue to corrode and waste superfluous flesh.  

Iron do mundify & cleanse.  Iron doth mundify much, and is cold and dry in the second degree, so is Scoria or Rubigo, called the scales or rust of Iron, but more dryver: stamped in a Leaden mortar, with Uynegar and oil of Roses, it maketh a good cooling & drying ointment. And the rust of Iron beaten fine and sodden with strong Uynegar is wholesome to be dropped into soar running ears, read Galen, lib. 9 simplici. medicam. Calebs', or Steel made hot, quenched in read Wine and drunk, doth stop the Flix.  
Spodium is cold and dry of nature, 
Spodium stop●peth blood.  blackish and heavy, tempered with Olibanum, sanguis draconis, and Beanemeale beaten in a Leaden mortar, it will stop blood. Spodium with Roch Alum, and strong Uinegar, beaten together, will kill the Canker in the mouth. Spodium cometh from Furnaces of Brass, or Copper Read of this Dioscorides, lib. 4. cap. 46. and Galen, lib. 9 simplic. medic. Of Spodium and Pompholix, 
Cadmia.  it is rather a kind of Cadmia than Tutia, and is tolerable to put into Collyries for sore Eyene.  
Gold, the most pure and undefiled metal, 
Gold the most undefiled, and pure metal.  not Leprosse which Sol hath digested by heavenvly influence. This metal is most rich. This gold is not more profitable to our worldly business, than wholesome for medicines, specially as Avicen saith, for to put away Melancholy, and to make burning actual cauteres of Gold is wholesome, as if any filth be in the mouth, to burn the same with Gold is most best, so it is when the wula is fallen: a Cautery of Gold is best, in medicens of Cordials. 
Gold put into Cordials.  Gold is wholesome to deaurate, or gild Losing. And for the dimness of sore eyen, Gold is tolerable for them in some Colories, & is good for Leproses: all Mettles will corrupt, when as Gold will remain undefiled. God grant we use Gold as a servant, but not as a Master, for than we are bond Slaves: for Gold will not help in the day of vengeance.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Salt?  Hilarius 
WIthout Salt we live not, it is used commonly in our meats. 
Salt, what it is.  With Salt, Flesh, Fish, and many fruits be preserved. The great Ocean Sea is Salt, through which Saltness the earth is kept from poison, through the exhalations, or vapour coming from it. Salt is of nature hot and dry, 
Salt hath virtue to warm & dry.  and hath virtue saith Dioscorides lib. 5. cap. 85. to scour, stop, warm, dry, and mundify, and defendeth from putrefaction, and is put into supposytories & Clysters to cleanse, with Honey & Uinegar: with Organ, and Hyssop it maketh a good medicine against stinging, or biting of Dogs, Snakes, Adders. etc. Salt, Uinegar, and Sugar sodden together, maketh a good wholesome drink against the drinking of Opium, or eating of the Moys●oms called Fungus. Salt is good against the ulcers of the mouth, to burn Salt, and make it white, wash it once in Water, 
To dye Salt.  poureforth the water, and gather the Salt in the bottom, and put it into a stone vessel covered, and put it into the Oven, & cover it with coals, and dry it, and so it may be used in medicine. Oribasius affirmeth Salt to be compounded of matter Abstersive and stiptike, which is matter binding, and drying moist humours: but salt is not good for lean persons, 
Salt not good for lean persons.  it will make them seem old, and moveth anger to the choleric. Much salt is made in England, as of Sand and Salt water Pits, in Holland in Lyncolnshyre, and only by a marvelous humour of water, at the Wytch, far from the sea: and in the North there is salt made, at the shiles by Tinmouth Castle. I Bullein the author hereof have a pan of salt upon the same Water. At Blithe in Northumberland is good salt made, 
Sir John Delavall, a good knight.  and also at sir John Delavals Panne's, which sir John Delaval knight hath been a Patron of worship, and hospitality, most like a famous Gentleman, during many years: and powdreth no man by the salt of extortion, or oppressing his neighbour, but liberally spendeth his Salt, Wheat, and his Malt, like a Gentleman, I need not put his name in remembrance in my book, for it shall live by immortal good fame, 
The floweing of Salt at Nilus.  when my poor book shall be rotten, dear brother Marcellus.  
There be also sundry kinds of Salt, among which there is a Salt flowing about the brinks of that famous River Nilus called Flos Salis, the flower of Salt, of a Saffron colour, of taste and savour unpleasant, which Flos Salis is put into sundry Ointments to heal sores about the privy parts, or other places of the skin. In colliries it is tolerable for to cleanse sore eyen. And tempered with unguentum Rosarum, or other Ointmentes, it moveth sweated to all the body, 
Sal Gemmae  well rubbed with the same.  
Sal gemmae, is a Salt of the earth, plenty is digged thereof in Calabria in a place called Altomonte, and is cut forth like stones most clear Translucens, or through shining like to Crystal, which if this salt be cast into the fire, it will not crack nor break, but keep still whole, burning like Iron. Pliny maketh large mention of Salt. lib. 21. cap. 7. saying that Salt is either growing naturally in the Earth, 
Pliny of salt.  or in veins of hills. etc. or else made of Salt water sodden in pans, unto a thickness, whereof common Salt is made.  
Salt Armoniac is hot and dry in the fourth degree. saith the Pandact, saying that it cometh from Armoniac, and is made of Camel's urine: but it is called of the best writers Sal Ammoniacus, 
Sal armoniac. doth cleanse th' skin.  that is found under the sands in afric near unto the Oracle of the God Ammon, and also in the region called Cyrenaica, which salt is black without and white within like Alum, but not very bright, noisome to the mouth, but wholesome in medicine, to cleanse the skin, mingled with Camphor and rose-water tempered together and made warm: 
Salt of Ind  Many and sundry Lotyons for Apostimations and sores, he made with these salts, and they must be mingled with other simples.  
Sal Indus groweth in Ind, through the heat of the Sun, upon Reeds, which salt is much like Sugar. With Sugar and common salt, the Apothicaries do sophisticate and craftily counterfeit this Salt. 
Sal Niter. or Peter, for Gun powder. Spuma nitri or Barach.   
Sal Nitrum, or Saltepeeter. is digged in vaults, flowers of houses, or walls, which Salt is white, when this is prepared: thereof with other receipts, as Cools, Brimstone etc. is Gunpowder made, which do shoot of Guns, which are the instruments of God's wrath. And Spuma nitri, is is called Barach of the Arabians: 
Salt of Mare Mortuum. whereas Sodom stood. Asphaltum.  of these salts read Dioscorides. lib. 5. cap. 86. Galen. lib xi. simplicium medicamentorum: further saith Galen in the same book, there is salt made of the water of Maremortuum, the dead sea, whereas Sodom and Gomor stodde, called Asphaltnm.  
Salt of the Earth is grosser, and more colder astringing, than the salt of salt water: but there is a salt called salt upon salt, which is very good to the use of Man, so is bay salt, which through the March wind is so made and finished, which will continue for ever like stone, being kept close but yet Salt peter will grow therein at length: and thus I end of salt, which the Arabians call Mesha.  Marcellus. 
I Have seen sundry salts before this time: as white salt & Bay, 
Bay Salt.  which we do use to powder Flesh, and Fish withal. I would your salt Peter had never been known, whereby Guns do so much mischief, and the noble state of Mankind through them are decayed, 
Boys can kill the strongest men with Guns.  yea through a very vile Coward or Boy, often the valiant man is slain & cast away, But Hilarius, I will a little more proceed in simples, and leave Gunning matters, to the Men of War, or Servitors to the noble Princes: now I pray you what is the nature of Spuma maris, and Fumus terrae?  Hilarius. 
THese are two clean contrary simples, of two sundry natures, the one of the land called Fumaria, 
Spuma maris Fumus terrae.  an herb engendered of the Fume or vapour of the Earth, Dioscorides. lib 14. Cap. 105. in form much like Coriander, and in colour like Ashes, purple flowers, bitter of taste, the juice will make clean sore eyen, and this Herb drunk, 
Against stopping of the Spleen. Fumitery doth prevail.  the Decoction thereof will purge choler by urine. Fumus terrae, or Fumaria, is good against the stopping of the Spleen, liver, Gaul, or reins, and doth make strong the Uentricles, through the dryness, warmness, sharpness, & bitterness, sodden in Wine, stilled, or in syrup, and so drunk. And so I do end of this Fumus called Capnos: but as for Spuma maris, the Foam of the Sea, it hath virtue to cleanse, 
Spuma maris doth make clean the tooth.  scour, and, dry and is cold and dry in the third degree: it is good to rub the Teeth, to cleanse them: and the fine powder thereof with the white of an Egg, Rose water and Sief beaten together, put into the eyes, 
To cleanse sore eyen.  doth cleanse them, and taketh away the Web: and thus I do end of Spuma maris, or the Stone which the Scriveners do rub, and make clean their Parchment withal. What have you else to say?  Marcellus. 
What say you of Spongia, the Sea Sponge?  Hilarius. 
GALEN. lib. 11. simplic. medic. saith that they did use Sponges to be a manuel instrument to receive blood, 
Sponge of the Sea.  wherewith they used to wipe and dry blood in Wounds: and also they do receive things to stop blood. A sponge is hot in the first degree, and dry in the second, it is of a resolving virtue. 
Sponge good for wounds.  A sponge adust, or burned not much, the powder thereof will consume flesh, which is superfluous, and may be put in Wounds of the Head. With a Sponge which is soft, tents for the head may be made. With sponges sodden in Wine, and Oil of Capers it is good to wash, and chafe the left side: nothing is better to anoint the Stomach for a Pleuresy than with a spong in warm Oils, as of Mints, Chamomel, Roses, the grease of Hens, Capons, and Ducks. 
Sponges new are good but old are evil.  New sponges are wholesome of themselves, & will heal wounds, without any thing put to them. Old sponges be evil. Pitch & the Ashes of Sponges together, will stop blood. A sponge sodden in Honey, will heal and resolve Wounds, and hard Apostumations, 
Sponge stones do break the stone.  Read more thereof Dioscorides, lib. v. cap. 96. and Aristotle of the nature of sponges, which grow among the rocks of the Sea, and have stones in them beaten in powder, and drunk, will break the stone in the bladder.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Coral?  Hilarius. 
THe Indians have Coral in no lest estimation, than we have their Diamonds and great Pearls. 
Coral groweth ●n the Sea.  Diosco. lib. 5. Cap. 97. calleth Coral Lethrodendron, which is a branch growing in the bottom of the Sea, which by certain means is drawn forth, and soon turned into hardness, and eftsoons into a stone: we do see of this Coral great plenty of beads, more vain glorious, 
Coral of two kinds.  than religious godly. Of Coral be two kinds, the red which is best, and white which of nature be cold and dry in the second degree, and be restrictive and stopping. Coral beaten in powder, mingled with Dragon's blood, 
To stop blood.  whytes of Eggs, Bolearmeni and the juice of Sheperds' purse, Knot grass, and Rabbits will beaten in a Leaden Mortar, will stop blood. The powder of Coral drunk with Wine, provoketh urine, and will rebate the swelling of the Spleen, and finally as Avicen saith, doth comfort the heart, 
Coral provoketh urine,  and helpeth digestion. The Powder of Coral will cleanse wounds, in whom flesh superfluous doth remain, and also heal the same. What is better to stop a bloody flux, called Dysenteria? it stoppeth both the flux of men, running from them in their sleep, and also the whites from Women. Read more in Matthiolus upon Dioscorides. lib 5.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Pearl called the Margarite?  Hilarius 

The Margarit or Pearl— good in Cordials.  THe Pearl is not only rich and pleasant to behold, but also wholesome and good in medicine. Pliny. lib. 9 cap. 35. saith, that there be plenty of Pearls in Arabia, in the mouth of the Read sea, growing within the shells, called the mother of Pearl, in which they are conveyed: the union which is clean, bright, white, round, and heavy, is the richest. The powder of Pearl is good to be put in cordials, as Manus Christi, and the same powder with the white of an Egg, will cleanse the eyes. About this Realm many Pearls be gathered in Muscles, and other Shell fish, but not the most orient.  Marcellus. 
Is there any virtue in Lapide lazulj?  Hilarius. 
THere is nothing better to purge Melancholy. There be Pills called Pilulae de Lapide Lazulj, 
Lapis lazulj.  against old Quartens, or Madness: this stone is cold and moist.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Saphyrus?  
DIOSCORIDES affirmeth, 
Saphyrus resist poison.  this heavenly coloured precious stone, is wholesome to be drunk against the stinging of Serpents, to resist the poison: and being drunk it helpeth all exulcerations of the Guts, and also is wholesome for sore eyen, to clear the sight. Many goodly virtues are belonging to the Saphyr, as chastity etc. Yet it is not cold enough for the quenching of Venus They say the Turquois will keep a man from falling, but it is a lie. The rich Hemerald, some say, will declare when the knot of Marriage is undone, and than it will separate and break a sunder, and that were a perilous case to loose a good jewel for an evil wife: 
Fables gathered.  with many such foolish old fables gathered out of some writers which have rather unwittily reported, than truly proved the nature of stones so far passing their natures, although they be of great virtue, and both pleasant and profitable to mankind, and nothing under heaven more rich or costly.  Marcellus. 
IF the Emeralds would so quickly break or crack when such parts be played, I assure you there would be great loss in costly jewels, and some separation of friendship, but they be of much virtue and patience when such offences be committed, that they will tell no tales by breaking themselves: well let this matter pass, it is but to fear folks withal, and I pray you what say you of Lapis Naxius, and the jasper.  Hilarius. 
THe powder thereof with bears grease will increase hair, 
Lapis naxius, helpeth to increase hair.  and keep one from baldness. This stone will make small a maidens Breasts, and defend them from growing: if the powder thereof with Vinegar be drunk, it will consume the greatness of the Spleen. And this stone is good against the falling sickness. 
jasper doth comfort digestion.  The jasper is wholesome to be hanged about the neck, down to the mouth of the stomach, for it is comfortable to the same saith Galen, lib. ix. simplic. medicamentorum.  Marcellus. 
What then of Lapis Tucia, and Lincis.  Hilarius. 
IT is used in many ulcers, and foul stinking Cankers, 
Lapis Tutia and lapis Lincis.  for through the coldness and dryness, it doth cleanse and incarnate foul sores: and this Tucia is most excellent, if it be prepared, to be put into Colliries to cleanse the eyen. What is better with Planten Water to cleanse the yard? Lapis Lincis, is hot and dry, engendered of the urine of Lynx, and is good in powder. ℈ iij. to be drunk at once, or put into Cassiafistula. ℥ i to consume the stone, and cleanse the reins.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the stone called Byzabar.  Hilarius 
THe Arabians do call it Bizabar, which Stone is precious, and resisteth Poison, 
Bizabar ● precious  and is put into precious Antidotaries which prevail against all foul air, pestilence and venom. This stone is yellow without oder or smell: 
stone against poison.  if it be hanged upon the left arm, touching the flesh, it will prevail against the foresaid evils. look Matthiolus lib. 5. Diosco. cap. 73.  Marcellus. 
What then of Lapis Phrygius?  Hilarius 
GALEN lib. ix. simplic. medic. with this stone combust saith he▪ I use to help or cleanse stinking ulcers, 
Lapis Phrygius for sore eyen.  and it hath the same Virtue that Lapis Pyrites hath. And of this stone, medicines be made for sore eyen, mingled with Colliries accordingly. And this stone called Pyrites looketh like Brass, and wrapped in honey, than put it in a small earthen Pot such as Goldsmiths do use, 
Pyritis lapis. against proud flesh.  and set it in the fire blowing until it be read hot so cowl it: and this stone in powder will cleanse scour, and consume flesh superfluous,  Marcellus. 
What say you of the Haematist?  Hilarius. 

Alexander Tralianus upon the Hematist for the flux.  IT is cold and binding of nature. Alexander Tralianus saith, I have often times without any Thyriaca or any precious medicine cured many, namely by the Haematist stone, for them that had the bloody flux: and with the Powder of this stone, the juices of Pomgarnets', and Knot grass, mingled together: of this. ℈ four was his dose in this juice for the flix.  Marcellus. 
What say you of jest.  Hilarius. 

jeta for the Mother.  THereof is great plenty in England and Ireland, and at Whithe in the North: it hath virtue being drunk to cleanse the bladder: & burnt, the Smoke doth help them which swell and are in peril with the Mother.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Lapis Magne?  Hilarius 

The magnet stone.  THe best is that which will draw Iron or Ste●le to him: given three half penny weight in powder tempered with sweet water, it will cast forth filth and groose matter out of the body. Pliny showeth. lib. xxxiiii. Cap. xiv. that one builded a Temple, covered with this Magnes stone, wherein his Image with pomp was brought in, which was made of Iron, which ascended by attraction, and did hung in the roof; his name was Arsion. The Arabians and Mahometans did in like case bring in the steel Tomb of master Mahumet (their juggling false Prophet) into a Temple of Magnes stones, whose nature was to draw the said Tomb up. But the best service that the Magnes doth, is in the Ship, for the compass of sailing in true setting the needle. Also in plasters the powder thereof to draw forth Iron or pricks from the flesh.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of the flesh of Oxen, Steers or Bulls, and Calves.  Hilarius 
I Will not undertake to show mine opinion at your request only, but I will also declare the minds of some wise and learned men: and first of Simeon Sethi, who saith that the flesh of Oxen, 
Of the flesh of Oxen, steres, Bulls, and Calves.  that be young doth much nourish and make them strong that be said with Beef, but it breedeth choler adust, and melancholious diseases, it is cold and dry of nature, and hard to digest, except it be eaten of choleric persons, but being tenderly sodden, 
Beef good for the cholorike, but evil for tender stomachs.  it nourisheth much: Beef customably eaten of idle persons, and nice folk that labour not, bringeth many diseases, as Rasis saith: and Avicen saith, that the flesh of Oxen, or Kine, be very gross, engendering ill juice in the Body, whereof oftentime come scabs, Cankers, and Biles: but unto hot strong choleric stomachs, it is tolerable and may be used as we have the daily experience thereof. The broth wherein the Beef hath been sodden, 
Beef broth against the flux.  is good to be supped or drunk half a pynte every morning against the flux of the belly, and running forth of yellow choler, if the said broth be tempered with Salt, Mustard, Uinegar, or Garlic, commonly used for sauces to digest the said Beef with all: for the said sauces do not only help digestion, but also defend the body from sundry inconveniences, and divers sicknesses, as Dropsies, Quartens, Leprosies, and such like. The Gaul of an Ox, or a Cow distilled in the Month of june, and kept in a close Glass, 
Ox Gaul cleanse the eyes  doth help to cleanse the eyes from spots, if you put a drop of this water with a feather into the eyes when ye go to bed: the milt of a Bull dried, and the powder thereof drunk with Read wine, will stop the bloody flux: 
Ox milt stop the flux.  light powdered young Beef is better: than either fresh or much powdered▪ in specially of those cattle that be fed in fair and dry pastures, and not in stinking Fens. the great learned man Gesnerus in his description of beasts, doth write more of the virtues of Bulls, Oxen, Kine, and Calves, 
Gesnerus writeth much of breasts, the male better than the female.  than any other hath done and thus to conclude, the flesh of the Male beasts, is more better than of the female, and the gelded beasts, be more commodious to nature than any of them, and the young flesh more commendable than the old, for it is moister, and a friend to the blood. Haliabas saith, roasted flesh doth greatly nourish the body, for it is warm and moist: baked meats be very dry: clean boiled meats with wholesome herbs, and fruits. be excellent in virtue to comfort the body if they be nutrimental flesh. 
calves flesh the profit thereof.  calves flesh doth greatly increase nourish, and make good blood. Specially the brawn or Muskels of the thigh, are best, saith Master Conrade Gesner, and further saith he, if a man be wounded, then lay calves flesh newly slain to it, and this will defend the wound from apostemation or swelling: and sodden in vinegar, and warm applied to any part, as armholes, 
Against Ramishnes under the arms.  breast of them that stink like a Ram or Goat, it will take away the said stink: also it helpeth the biting of a Man or a mad Dog, so that this flesh remain upon the said wound, during five days, and v. nights close and not taken away. 
Celsus for a vomit.   
Celsus in his medicines against the biting of Serpents, if nothing can suck it forth by medicine or boxing, saith he, then drink the broth wherein Geese or Veal hath been sodden, and then provoke vomit.  
Great is the goodness of this flesh, both in meat and medicine. Take the knuckel or sinew part of a Calf, seethe it in Wine and water, putting in Dates, Prunes, Reisynges of the Sun, grated bread, Maces, Cloves▪ Fenell roots, Liverwort, Planten, Purs●en, fresh Capers, Borage, and Rosemary flowers, sodden all together in a silver, iron, or stone pot, close boiled that no air can go forth. You may put in half a Cock: this flesh and broth giveth health to them that are in consumption, weak bodies, or them which be evil complexioned, or cold of nature. overcome by Melancholy. etc.  Marcellus. 
What is the goodness of Pork, or of gelded swine, Pigs, and Boar's flesh. etc.  Hilarius 

Pork the commendation thereof.  MOst of the ancient, and wisest Physicians that ever were in this world, did consent, that of all flesh, the flesh of young gelded swine, partly salted or powdered, was ever meat of the best nourishing, moister, and colder than other flesh. For Isaac saith, it is a flesh most moist, except it be the flesh of Lambs. as Galen reporteth: yet it is not good for every complexion, nor to every age, but unto youth and middle age. And whereas Almighty God, did prohibit the jews to eat. swines flesh: it was a figure to abstain from unclean things, which I leave to the divines. The Mahumites abhor swines flesh, because their drunken false Prophet and Pseudo Apostle was torn, and rend in pieces with Hogs: 
Swine's blood.  being drunken and fallen into the mire: & now we must give credence to time, and to learned Physicians. The Blood of Swine doth nourish much, as is seen in Puddings, made with great Otemeale, 
pigs  Pepper, sweet suet, and Fenell, or Anisseedes. Young Pigs be very moist, therefore Sage. Pepper and Salt doth dry up the superfluous humours of them when they be roasted. 
Tripes.  They be not wholesome to be eaten, before they be three-weekes old: 
Bacon.  the tripes and Guts be wholesomer, and do nourish better, than any other beasts Guts. Bacon is very hard of digestion, and much discommended of some men. and is hurtful only unto a hot Choleric labouring body▪ but a tender gammon of Bacon is tolerable, and very good flesh with wine as custom doth prove it.  

Swine of Ind have horns.  Agatharsides saith, that the swine in Aethiopia have horns growing upon their heads, there be divers kinds of swine, both wild, & tame: whose inward parts, be not much unlike unto mankind, and for that Galen begun to make Anatomies of them, in the beginning of his practice, teaching the Chirurgeons to do the like. 
Why hogs are diseased.  These kind of beasts do hear very easily, and be given much to sleep, and will eat their own Pigs, and feed upon most vile things: for which cause they have most vile diseases, as Angina in the throat▪ sores, botches, and biles. If they be let blood in the vain under the tongue, and Madder be given them and an herb called Pancis, otherwise named in Latin herba Trinitatis, it helpeth them, if it be sodden in Whey. Those swine that use to feed by the sea side. & eat of young Crabs, be delivered of many diseases: if they do feed upon Polipodie, they shallbe delivered of the Pestilence. Among the christian Men, Boar's flesh is had in great estimation, to be eaten in Winter: and chief upon Chrystmas day. Galen doth greatly commend the same flesh, or Brawn, to be eaten in winter: and also this Boar's flesh is proved in the time of Pestilence, to break a plague sore. Boar's grease, and his stones, or any part of them stamped together and warm applied to the same sore, worketh that effect. And thus I do end of Swine, which in their lives be most vile, noisome, and never good until they die.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtues of Lambs, and Wether's flesh?  Hilarius. 
SImeon Sethi saith, lambs flesh is partly warm, 
Lamb's flesh good roasted. evil sodden.  but superfluous moist, and evil for phlegmatic persons, and doth much harm to them that have the Dropsy, boneach, or a disease called Epialus, which is spitting of phlegm, shining like Glass. Therefore, if lambs flesh were sodden, as it is roasted, it would bring many diseases unto the bodies of them, without it were sodden in wine, and some hot Grosseries, herbs, or roots. When a Wether is two year old, which is fed upon a good Ground, the flesh thereof shall b●e temperate, and nourisheth much. Hypocrates saith, that the Lamb of a year old, doth nourish much. Galen seemeth not greatly to commend Mutton, but that which is tender, sweet, and not old, is very profitable, 
Mutton.  as experience and custom do daily teach us. The dung, Tallow, and UUolle, be very profitable in medicines, as Pliny saith, and Conradus Gesnerus, de animalibus▪ and Galen in his third book de Alementis,  Marcellus. 
What be the virtues of Goats, or kids flesh?  Hilarius. 
THese be beasts very hurtful unto young trees and plants but Simeon Sethi saith, 
kids flesh very good.  that kids flesh is easy of digestion, in health and sickness, they be very good meat, they be very dry of nature. Hypocrates saith, it behoveth that the conservers and keepers of health, should study that their meat be such as the flesh of Kids, 
Flesh good for sick persons.  young calves that be sucking, and lambs of one year old, for they be good for them that be sick, or have evil complexion. Haliabbas saith, that the flesh of Kids, doth engender good blood, and is not so phlegmatic, watery and moist, as the flesh of Lambs: they remain Kids for six months, and afterward come into grosser, and hoatex nature, and then be called Goats: the flesh of them that be gelded are wholesome to eat, The lungs of them eaten before a man doth drink, doth defend him that day from drunkenness, 
goats flesh.  as I have heard, by the reports of learned men: but the flesh of old male Goats is evil, and engendereth Agues, or Fevers. 
Conradus. Gesnerus de animalibus Matthiolus super Diolco.  If the Urive of Goats be distilled in May, with sorrel the water distilled is not hurtful nor noisome▪ but whosoever useth to drink thereof. ʒ. two. morning & evening, it will preserve him from the Pestilence. The Milk of Goats I will describe in the proper place.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Read, and fallow Dear:  Hilarius. 

deer read and fallow▪ be spoilers of Corne.  THey are more pleasant to some, than profitable to many as appeareth once a year in the corn fields, the more it is to be lamented. Hypocrates, and Simeon Sethi do plainly affirm that the flesh of them doth engender evil juice, and Melancholy, cold diseases, 
The winter deer better than the summer.  and Quartens: the flesh of winter Dear, doth less hurt the body. than that which is eaten in Summer, for in winter man's digestion is more stronger, and the inward parts of the body warmer, and may easilier consume gross meats, than in summer, as we see by experience, in cold weather and frosts, healthful people be most hungrest. The lungs of a Dear sodden in Barley water, and stamped with Penidies, and Honey, of equal quantity, 
The lungs o● the Dear.  to the said lungs, and eaten a mornings doth greatly help the old coughs, and dryness in the Lungs: there be many goodly virtues of their Horns, bones, blood, and tallow. Look Conradus Gesnerus de animalibus.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Hares and Coneys?  Hilarius. 

Of Hare's flesh and Coneys.  AVICEN saith, the flesh of Hares, is hot and dry, an engenderer of Melancholy, not praised in Physic for meat, but rather for medicine: for in deed if a Hare be dried in the month of March, in a Oven or Furnice and beaten into powder, and kept close, and drunk mornings in Bear, Ale, or white wine, it will break the stone in the Bladder, if the patient be not old: 
The powder of the Hare, for the stone.  if children's gums be anointed with the brains of an Hare, their teeth will easily come, and grow. The gall of an Hare mingled with clean Honey, doth cleanse watery eyes, or read bloody eyes. The flesh of Hares must be tenderly roosted and well larded, and spyced. because of the grossness, but it is better sodden. The flesh of Coneys, is better than Hare's flesh, and easier of digestion, but Rabbits be wholesome, for meat of sick people: and thus to conclude of Coneys, experience teacheth us, that they are good: they be cold and dry of nature, and small mention is made of them among the ancient Physicians, 
Galeni de simp. medica.  as Galen saith. I need not to speak very long of every kind of beasts, as some of the beasts that be in Hiberia, like little Hares which be called Coneys.  Marcellus. 
What is the nature of a beast called Erinaceus, called the Porpentine, and Echinus called the Hedgehog, which is full of pricks?  Hilarius. 
DIOSCORIDES lib. 2. cap. 2. saith, the skins of them combust or burnt, and beaten in fine powder, 
Erinaceus or Porpentine for baldness▪ to increase hair.  and tempered with Tar, is a good ointment for to increase hair, and keep of baldness. The dried flesh of them sodden in Vinegar and Sugar, is good to be drunk against the stopping of the reins, convulsions, Leprosies of phlegm, or an evil complexion. The powder of this Porpentine must be kept close in a vessel for medicine. The powder of the Hare which is dried in March, 
Hare's powder for the reins.  must be used for the purging of the reins, and cleansing of the bladder, the said powder is to be drunk with white wine, and Cassiafistula. Also the grease of the Propentine, or hedgehog, with bears grease and Laudanum, ana. ℥ i beaten in a Leaden mortar, this is a good ointment against baldness or loss of hair, to rub the place daily therewith The Livers of Porpentines dried and beaten into powder are good for the Rains, or Morbus Elephantiacus. Tese beasts be of cold nature. better for medicine than meat. and be vermin or beasts of the night, armed against Dogs, with long pricks, and headed much like a Hare, with teeth according, and ears like an Ape. etc. The Urchin or hedgehog is commonly known, and headed like a Swine or young Pig. The powder of them as Pliny affirmeth, being drunk, will help and defend the consumption: and thus I do end of this beast called Echinus, which the Arabians call Caufed. 
The Urchin or Hedgehog.  The Urchin of the the Sea is good for the belly, stomach and urine. Dioscorides lib 2. cap. 1.  Marcellus. 
uWhat say you of the Fiber, Beaver, or Castor?  Hilarius 
THis Castor liveth by water and land, he loveth to feed upon Crabs and Cankers of the Sea. 
Castor or Bever.  The stones of a Castor are a warm medicine, and prevail against poison, to be drunk or in ointment. And the powder of the same stones be good to move sternutation or sneezing, blown into the noose Of the powder. ʒ. two. with pennyroyal, called Pulial. ʒii. ss tempered together in wine and drunk, will 'cause a woman in her travel soon to be delivered, and the seconds to follow, and finally to cleanse the body, and helpeth swellings, colics Iliaces, sighings, Cordiaces, Lytharges & poison drunk with Vinegar: and in fine it is so warm, that it helpeth all the passions or sicknesses in the breast, belly, liver, and sinews, 
Castor stones do help all cold infirmities both in men & women  coming of cold: the Beaver stones be best, that be most grave and strong of savour and have a liquor much like Cerase within the Cod, and covered with a natural covering. Pliny. xxxij. cap. iij. Castor is good to help the comitial or falling sickness, to be drunk. The Oil of them is also good for the Teeth, reins. belly, breast, and to be dropped into the Ears.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the little beast Mustela. called the Weasel or weasel, which is commonly known?  Hilarius. 
This Mustela called the Weasel, is commonly known: and this Weasel, the flesh thereof sodden in Wine & drunk, 
The Weasel is good against the falling sickness and Struma. Angina or swelling of the throat.  is a present remedy against all venom, poison, and the Falling Sickness. with Vinegar the grease of the Weasel sodden, is a goodly medicine to anoint the Gout with all. The Blood of Weasels is good to anoint the Necks. Throats, and stomachs of them which have Struma, that is, the swelling of the Throat or the Falling sickness, or Palsy. The dung of the Weasel with Honey, Fenigreeke, and lupines beaten together, is good to anoint warm the throat, for the sickness called Struma: the gall of the weasel tempered with the water of Fenell, is a present remedy for the dimness of the eye, to be put therein: and all the spots as Morphew of the skin, is cleansed therewith. The Lungs of the Weasel is good in powder, 
For to heal the Morphew.  to be drunk against all the infirmities of the Lungs, with many other virtues of the Weasel, and properties, as to kyl Miso and Rats, to serve in the house like Cats, but the savour of the said Weasel is mortiferous and deadly. Pliny lib. 8. cap. 22.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Raynard the Fox, and the Bear?  Hilarius. 
THe Lungs of the Fox is good in Medicine, for the sick Lungs of mankind. 
The Fox the Bear the Badgarde.  The grease of the Fox is also good for all Coldness, Palsy, and the contraction of the sinews, and trembling of the body. The Bear is a beast whose flesh is good for mankind: 
To help baldness.  his fat is good with Laudanum, to make an ointment to heal bald headed men to receive the hair again. The grease of the Bear, the fat of a Lamb, and the ointment of the Fox, maketh a good ointment to anoint the feet against the pain of travel or labour of footmen. 
Bear, Fox, and Brock are good to help the Palsy.  All the parts of the Fox, the Badgar, and the Bear are good in medicine, or meat against the Palsy, trembling or coldness of the flesh, or any of them. There is a common fable among the people, that is to say a Bear hath a disformed Whelp in the time of deliverance, without Members, which is not true: for the Bear in the birth hath all the members, as other beasts have. Read Matthiolus in Dioscorides lib. iii cap. supra.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of a Bird, called the Osspraye.  Hilarius 

Haleetus the Ospray a water Egle.  LIke as the Eagle, and all kinds of Hawks, do pray and feed upon the flesh of birds: even so God hath ordained the water Egle, called Haliaeetus the Osspraie, to fear the Fishes, and feed upon them. And all Hawks, or Birds of the Nature of Eagles, with hard crooked bills, are counted unclean flesh. Levi. xi. are not used common among us, unto this day. 
Ospraies oil good to put in water to gather fi●h ready to be taken.  Howbeit, the Oil or grease of the Osspraie, is had in great estimation to take Fish withal: and the head thereof dried and beaten into powder, maketh a good medicine for young infant children, to be put into the Nosthrilles, to break wind very gentle. And the Gaul is wholesome for sore eyen to be dropped with the white of an Egg into them. And the geease and Gaul, 
Medicines made of the Ospray.  will heal the stinging and biting of Serpents, and also is good to be dropped into the ear to cleanse them, and h●lpe hearing read Gesnerus. Lib. iij. de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
What say you of ivory.  Hilarius. 
IT is good, to astringe or bind, and to raze it with Turmerike and Saffron putting in Diacurcuma in Tabulis, sodden in the water of Endive, 
ivory.  wherewith many people are helped of a perilous hot and dry sickness called R●gius morbus, or the yellow jaundice. 
A drink for the jaundice.   Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Chickens and Hens?  Hilarius 
ALL fowls, which have hard pens, be strong of nature, 
Of house Cocks. Capons and Chickens. Their flesh much commended.  as Chickens or Hens, saith Auenzoer, which be most commended, and laudable of any other flesh, and nourish good blood and are light of digestion, and do also comfort the appetite. Cock chickens be better than Hens. the Capon is better than the Cock, they do augment good blood and seed, as Rasis reporteth, and experience proveth in men. both whole and sick. An old Cock which is well beaten after his feathers be pulled of, until he be all bloody, and then cut of his head, and draw him, and seethe him in a close pot with fair water, and white wine, Fenell roots, Borage roots, Violets: Planten. Suckerie, and bugloss leaves, Dates, Prunes, great Reisons, Maces, and Sugar, and put into the Marie of a Calf, and Saunders, maketh a very good broth, for them that be sick, weak, 
A good broth for a body which hath been long sick.  or consumed: the brains of Hens, Capons, or Chickens, be wholesome to eat, to comfort the brain and memory: and will 'cause young children's Teeth to grow quickly. And thus to conclude, these foresaid fowls be better for Idle folks that labour not, than for them that use exercise, or travel, to whom gross meats are more profitable. The Cock is the best clock, to keep the tyme. Gesnerus lib. iij. de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Geese?  Hilarius. 
THe flesh of wild Geese and tame, 
Of Geese and goslings.  are very gross and hard of digestion, as Avicen sayeth: the flesh of great fowls, as of Geese, be slow and hard of digestion, for their humidite, doth breed Fevers quickly: but their Goselinges, or young ones, being fat, are good, & much commended in meats, Galen saith, of the Flesh of Beasts, & Birds. 
Goose flesh breedeth Melanchory.  But undoubtedly, Geese, Mallardes, Peacocks. Swans, and every foul having a long neck, be all hard of digestion, and of no good complexions: but if these be well roasted, and stuffed, with Salt, Sage, Pepper, and Onions. they will not hurt the eaters of them. 
The Barnakle of Scotland, never lay Eggs, but are bred only of the Ocean Sea, dead Gesnerus de Auibus. lib. 3.  There be great Geese in Scotland which breed upon a place called the Basse, there be also Barnacles, which have a strange generation, as Gesnerus saith, which never lay Eggs as the people of the North parts of Scotland knoweth, and lest it should seem incredible to many, I will give none occasion to any, either to mock, or to marvel: and thus I give warning to them which love their health, to have these foresaid fowls somewhat powdered, or stopped with Salt, all the night before they be roasted.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Crane's flesh?  Hilarius. 

Cranes, are hot, and increase seed.  SImeon Sethi saith, their flesh is hot and dry, the younger be good but the old increase Melancholy, they do engender seed of Generation, and being tenderly roasted, doth help to clear the voice, and cleanse the pipe of the Lungs. Cranes be birds of a wonderful providence, Gesnerus de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Ducks flesh?  Hilarius. 
THey be the hottest of all domestical or yard fowls, and unclean of feeding: 
Ducks are very hot of nature and Melancholy.  notwithstanding though they be hard of digestion. & marvelous hot, yet they will nourish the body, and maketh it fat. Hypocrates saith, that they that be fed in puddles, and foul places, be hurtful, but they that be fed in Houses, Pens, or Coops, are nutrive, but very gross, as Isaac affirmeth. There are sundry kinds of Ducks. Gesnerus de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Pigeons, Turtles, or Doves?  Hilarius 
THe flesh of Turtles is marvelous good, and equal to the best birds: and Avicen saith, 
Doves are very hot.  they be best when they be young, and wholesome for phlegmatic people▪ Simeon Sethi affirmeth, that the house Dove is hotter than the Field Dove, and doth engender gross blood, the common eating of them is evil for choleric persons with read faces, 
Of Doves.  for fear of Leprosy▪ therefore cut of the feet, wings, and head of your Pigeons or Doves, for their blood is that, which is so venomous through heat: they be best in the Spring time, and Harvest, and Isaac saith, because they are so lightly converted into choler, they did command in the old time, that they should be eaten with sharp Vinegar, 
doves flesh. must be eaten with Vinegar.  Purssen, Cucumbers▪ or Citrons. Roosted Pigeons be best, the blood that cometh out of the right wing, dropped into one's eye, will soon help the eye, if it swell, or prick: and thus much have I spoken of Pigeons, or Doves.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Peacocks?  Hilarius. 

Peacock's flesh is hot & moist in the first degree Gesnerus lib. 3  THE Peacock, his voice feareth Serpents: Aristotle de natura ani. and is hot and moist, in the first degree. But Simeon Sethi saith, it is a raw flesh, and hard of digestion, unless it be very fat, but if it be fat, it helpeth the Pleurisy▪ Haliabas saith, that both Swans, Craines, Peacocks, and any great fowls, must after they be killed, be hanged up by the necks, two or three days, 
de Auibus.  with a stone weighing at their feet, as the weather will serve▪ and then dressed and eaten, provided that good wine be drunken after them. Their Eggs are noisome to be eaten, Dioscorides.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of swans flesh?  Hilarius 
Every gross fowl is choleric, and hard of digestion. 
swans flesh, choleric  The Swan is gross, therefore flow of digestion. But the Signets be better than the old Swans, if there gal●ntines be well made, it helpeth to digest their flesh The Swan is numbered among the unclean birds, Leviticus. xi. and will sing a little before his death. Pliny Gesnerus de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
Swans sing . 
What is the virtue of Her●nes, Bittures. and Shovelers.  Hilarius. 
THese fowls be Fishers, and be very raw and Phlegmatic, 
Bitters▪ Herons. Shovelers.  like unto the meat whereof they are fed, the young are best, and aught to be eaten with Pepper, Cinnamon, Sugar. and Ginger, and it is good to drink Wine after them, for good digestion: 
Such meat, such complexion,  and thus do for all Water fowls,  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Partridges, pheasants, quails, Larks, Sparrows, Plovers, and Black birds?  Hilarius. 
Partridges will bind the belly, and do nourish much, the Cocks be better than the Hen Birds, 
Partridges  they do dry up phlegm and corruption in the stomach. pheasants be the best of all Flesh, for their sweetness is equal unto the Capon or Partridge, 
pheasants.  but they are somewhat drier, and Rasis saith, Pheasants flesh is good for them that have the Fever Ethicke, for it is not only a meat, but a medicine, 
Quails.  and doth cleanse corrupt humours in the stomach. quails although they be eaten of many, yet they are not to be commended, for they do engender Agues, and be evil for the falling sickness For as Conciliator saith, of all fowls that be used for meats, a Quayle is the worst, Dioscorides saith, Larks roosted be wholesome to be eaten of them that be troubled with the Colic. Black birds taken in the time of Frost be wholesome and good of digestion, The dung of Black birds tempered with Vinegar, 
Larks hel● the Colic. Black birds Plovers sparrows, Woodcocks▪ small Birds.  and applied to the place of any that hath the black Morphew, or black Leprosy, oftentimes anointed with a Sponge doth help them. The flesh of Plovers doth engender Melancholy. Sparrows be hot and provoke Venus, or lust. Pliny doth describe their properties: the Brains be the best part of them. Woodcocks be of good digestion, and temperate to feed upon. All small birds of the field, as Robin redbreast, Linnets, Finches, Red Sparrows, Goldwinges, and such like: if they be fat, they be marvelous good, and do greatly comfort nature, either roosted, or boiled: and thus I do conclude with thee of birds: that the small field birds are most wholesome for sick folks: Read Gesnerus lib. j▪ de Auibus.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of Fishes.  Hilarius. 
IN many islands of this World, placed near unto the Ocean seas, the people live there most chiefly by Fish, and be right strong and sound people of complexion, for as Aristotle sayeth, consuetudo est tanquam altera natura, custom is like unto another nature: but because I speak of Fish, I will divide them in three parts. 

Three things considered in fish.  
Sea fish wholesome then that of the fresh water.   First of the Fishes of the Sea. Secondly the Fish of the fresh running Rivers. Thirdly of the Fishes in Pools, and standing waters▪ The Sea hath many gross, and fat fishes, which be noisome to the stomach, but the small kind of fishes, that feed about R●cks, And clear stony places, be more drier, and less of moistness than the fresh water Fish, and do engender less phlegm, and wind, by reason of their Salt feeding, as Galen saith: they be the best fishes, that feed in the pure Sea, and chiefest of all fishes, for the use of mankind, and Haliabas saith, new fish lately taken, is cold and moist, and phlegmatic, than the best of all next the sea fish, is that which swimmeth in fresh clear Rivers or stony places, whereas the water is sweet, being fishes that bear scales, these be marvelous good: but if they feed near unto places where much filth is daily cast out, 
Muddy Fish not wholesome.  there the fishes be very corrupt, and unwholesome, as the said Haliabas saith. Fish that feedeth in Fens, Marshes, Ditches and muddy puddles, be very unwholesome, 
Fish that have scales. be good, but fish without scales are not wholesome.  and do corrupt the blood, they be gross and slimy, corrupt and windy: but those that be fed in fair ponds, whereunto running Water may ensue. and whereas sweet water, herbs, roots, and Weeds, that grow about the banks, do feed the fish, those fishes be wholesome▪ Galen saith, Fish that is white scaled and hard, as Perches, Breames, Chevins, Ruffs, carps, roaches, trouts etc. be all good, but unscaled fishes, as Eels, Ten●hes, Lampres, & such like be dangerous. unless they be well baked or roosted, and eaten with Pepper and Ginger, and Vinegar. And note this, that it is not wholesome travailing, or labouring, immediately after eating of Fish, for it doth greatly corrupt the stomach, and as Galen saith the nourishments of Flesh are better, than the nourishments of Fish: and thus much generally I have spoken of Fish. Of the natures of fishes, read Rondoletius▪ and Conradus Gesnerus de Piss▪  Marcellus 
WHat, it seemeth by these words, that great Fishes, which be devourers in the Sea, as Seal, purpose, and such like, be unwholesome, and that the small Fishes, as Cods, Whitynges' Plaice, Smelts, Buttes-Soole, Pike, Breme, Roche, carp and such as feed in clean stony Waters, thou sayest they be very wholesome. Eels Lampers, and other muddy Fishes, thou dost not greatly commend, There be also some kinds of Fish soft, and some hard, but which be the best.  Hilarius 
IF Fish be soft, the eldest Fish is best: if Fish be hard, the youngest Fish is best, 
Fish soft and hard.  for it is either soft or hard, of hard Fish take the smallest, of soft Fish take the greatest: provided that your Fish be not very slimy, and thus saith Avicen in his book of fishes.  Marcellus. 
What is the virtue of shellfishes.  Hilarius. 
Cravises, and Crabs, be very good fishes, the meat of them, doth help the Lungs, 
Shel fishes.  but they be hurtful for the bladder, yet they will engender seed. If Crabs of the fresh water, be sodden in pure green Oil Olife: this Oil dropped into the ear luke warm, doth heal burning obstructions, and stopping matter, 
For deaf●es,  that hindereth the hearing. As for Lympetes, Cockels, Scallopes, as Galen saith, they be hard of digestion. Muskels, and Oysters, would be well boiled, roasted, or baked With Onions, wine, Butter, Sugar, Ginger, & Pepper, or else they be windy, & Phlegmatic: 
Oysters  cholorike stomachs may well digest raw Oysters, but they have cast many one away, yet raw Oysters will cleanse the reins.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Milk, Butter, and Cheese?  Hilarius. 
women's Milk is the most gentle nutriment for young children, which milk is of the decoction of pure blood, 
Milk of women is the best of all Milkes.  by natural heat and drawn forth by the Nibles from the breasts or Paps, this is the first food of mankind: for like as bread is a blessing of God for men, even so is Milk one of the great blessings, as appeareth in the promise which god made to Israel. Without Milk, it is not possible to bring up man or beast. The best milk is of women, and most temperate, for it preserveth against consumption. The second is goats Milk, which doth nourish, and is hotter than women's. 
Milk of Goats.  sheeps Milk, is not so much nourishing, and not pleasant to the stomach. Young Cow's milk is thicker, and full of Butter: Note also that iiii. things must be considered in milk, the whiteness of colour, 
Milk of Cows Milk four things considered in it.  the sweetness of savour, the pleasantness of taste, the substance, neither thick nor thin: it is good Milk, when a drop will stand whole upon your thum nail, without shedding. There be three essences of Milk, Cheese, Butter, and Whey, the best milk is of the youngest and fattest Cows, or Goats, that be fed in the cleanest, dryest, and sweetest Pastures. whereas plenty of sweet flowers are growing, and purest Clay or Chalk water, with wholesome layer. The best time of milk, is in April, May, and june. The new Milk is most wholesome for them to drink, which hath clean stomachs, to drink i● with Sugar, as it cometh from the Cow three hours before all other meat or drink, and then it will not coagulate nor crude in the stomach, but quench Choler. Moreover milk is not only good to young children & healthful people: but if it be sour, then beware the stone in the reins, 
Milk hurtful to whom.  and bladder through the same: and to them which have Fevers or headache, Milk doth much harm, as Hypocrates saith Lac dare caput dolentibus, malum: malum vero febricitantibus & quibus hypochondria suspensa murmurant, & siticulosis: malum autem in febribus acutis, quibus biliosae sunt deiectiones, & quibus sanguinis multi deiectio facta est: convenit autem tabidis, qui non multum febricitant & in febribus longis & parvis si nullum ex supradictis signis affuerit etc.,  
That is Milk saith he, is very unwholesome to such as have pains in their heads, 
Hippocrates of the hurt of Milk, and the utility thereof  or that be sick of any Fever, and also to them which have any noise or wind in the upper part of their belly called Hypochondria, & that have choleric decoction in hot fever, or have lost much blood: notwithstanding milk is good for such as have a consumption without a Fever, and may be given to them. which have had Fevers long time, if none of the foresaid tokens do appear etc. And to conclude of milk, seeing oftentimes it is very evil, and will through the couldenesse, and wind offend the whole Bodies of men, 
Milk is a good thing in a common wealth.  what harm doth it than to Sicklye persons? how be it, we see Milk is a goodly stay in a common Wealth, and the feeders thereof are people of a good temperament, or complexion, as in Wales, Suffolk, Essex, and in a place in the Mountains in the North called Alston Moore, 
Alston Moor in the North  whereas little▪ tillage is, but bringing up of Chattel: in this country the people be all chief nourished with milk, little other drink they use, milk excepted. This country was sometime the land of a worthy knight, called sir Thomas, the Baron of Hylton, to whom I dedicated my little Book entitled the Government of health, 
Sir Thomas the Baron Hylton his land.  promising in the same Book to set f●rth an other book, whereof the copy perished with my Books, in shipwreck: and when I came to London to have revived my dead book, one William Hilton gentleman, brother to the said sir Thomas Hilton, accused me of no less crime, 
William▪ Hilton letted William Bulloyne to finish his book of healthful medicines  then of most cruel murder of his own brother, who died of a Fever (sent only of God) among his own friends, fynishing his life in the christian faith. But this William Hilton caused me to be arraigned before that noble Prince, the Duke's grace of Norfolk, for the same: to this end, to have had me died shamefully: That with the covetous Ahab he might have through false witness, and perjury, obtained by the counsel of jezabel, a vine yard, by the price of blood. But it is written, Testis mendax peribit a false witness shall come to nought, his wicked practice was wisely espied, his folly derided, his bloody purpose letted, and finally I was with justice delivered. Notwithstanding, yet am I by the same William Hilton still molested and troubled as much as lieth in him, to shorten my days, by some means or accident, who with neither lawful policy, nor false testimony, cold hitherto accomplish his wicked intent▪ Now therefore blame me not my dear friend Marcellus, though this man be remembered in my book hear of health, and preserving of life, seeing I was sometime in his book of a false indightment, conspiring my death This man hath letted me, in so much that I cannot run to the mark, that I did set before mine eyen, therefore I must make a shorter course, fynishing with lesser things, trusting not unprofitable for the common wealth: whose profit I do seek, and more would have done, this his malicious facts excepted, whose malice doth the less molest me, being a Stranger to him, saying he hath vexed a Lady, which was his own Brother's Wife, whose shame, loss, yea and Blood he hath sought: which Brothers Wife redeemed much of his Land from loss, 
A bloody practice against the lady Hilton.  in lending him a great Sum of Money. And when this man should thankfully have repaid this lady her Money, than he gratified her, as he did me.  
And so to conclude, you that are gentlemen, beware of shameful ingratitude, whereas you have reaped commodity. For it is the most leprous sickness against nature, to do evil for good, preferring a little lucre before honesty. worldly worship, shame, and finally, God's wrath or vengeance, due for such wickedness against conscience, and nature. 
What a very gentleman is  For ingratitude doth degenerate mankind, and transform him most monstrously, into an evil vile nature, from gentleness, into churlishness. For like as gentleness with virtues maketh a very gentle man: although sometime obscurely borne: so doth ingratitude, blemish, and defile them, which can bring nothing else for themselves, but Pedigrees, lines, coats. and standards, most anciently descended, yet themselves voided of all goodness. Thus I leave to molest thine ears with him, who hath thus molested me, profitable to few, and noisome to himself. A lover of few, a flatterer of many, a vessel of ignorance, full of ingratitude, unnatural to his Children, if that he spoileth in law, 
Cataplasm for M. Hilton of Bidicke, of the Bishoprik of Duresme.  which should be their relief: & thus I commend him to this Cataplasma, to his mortified conscience. Faithless and fruitless he is.  
Butter of nature is hot & moist, & hath virtue to mollify hard apostimations that are above nature, as Galen saith: fresh Butter doth ripe, cleanse, & warm the inward parts in meats, ointments or drynks. Fresh butter is good to anoint the swelling of Hypochondrion or belly, & for the Phlegmon & Bubo. further to 'cause young children their teeth to grow, through the anointing of the place and it is good to make anointment for the Pleuritici, And to be drunk in wine or Beer, for the stopping of the lungs, Butter, honey, 
Butter the virtue of it.  and bitter Almonds, be wholesome for to cleanse the breast, and being put in suppositories, and Glisters, do mollify the belly. New Butter meanly salted, is good with Bread, Flesh, and fish. The old Butter changing with many colours, is the worst, it is noisome to the stomach. Butter is good in the morning, but not wholesome at night: yet Butter prevaileth against poison in wounds, it will purge, cleanse, and increase Flesh. When the Butter is first made, there is a milk coming from the same somewhat sharp, sour, and cold, very wholesome to be drunk in the morning or evening, 
Butter Milk called Char●n Milk is good  against hot burning choler: it openeth the liver, cleanseth the gall, provoketh urine, causeth, sleep and nourisheth much if it be eaten with Sugar, and new white bread.  
Cheese which is a part of Milk of the grosser substance, 
Cheese fresh is best.  through the coagulation or cruds, being gathered and pressed together, from the moist whey, the same cheese is finished: and if it be made of clean milk and the Cream therewith, than it is beneficial to the stomach, specially, if it be fresh and good it nourisheth the flesh much, 
Green cheese helpeth wounds.  and is good for green wounds to knit them, and will also quench heat, or cleanse a spot in the eye, being laid thereon xxiiii hours. Cheese meanly salted nourisheth but little, by the reason of the Salt. old Cheese stoppeth the flux of the Belly, but it is hard to digest hurting the stomach, gall, & reins, 
Cheese old stoppeth the flux, but breedeth the stone.  and will breed the stone in the bladder, and 'cause the increase of melancholy with much coldness and dryness Gal. lib. 4. alimentorum facult▪ commendeth the Cheese of his own native country, because of the pureness of milk, and sweetness of the Cheese, but in his x. lib. of Simples, he refuseth Cheese for the sourness. etc. when stone pots be broken, what is better to glue them a gain or make them fast, 
Sundry kinds of Cheese  nothing like the Syment made of Cheese. Know therefore that it will quickly build a stone in a dry body, which is full of choler adust. And here in England be divers kinds of Cheeses, 
Much good Butter little good cheese  as Suff. Essex, Banbury. etc. according to their places and feeding of their cattle, time of the year, layre of their Cows, cleanliness of their dayryes, quantity of their Butter, for the more Butter, the worse cheese. And thus I conclude of Cheese. like as the Welshmen love it roasted, even so do flemings love Butter at all times, and of all makings refusing none, what colour soever it hath, and from whence soever it cometh, their stomachs are such.  

Whey the virtue thereof.  Whey is the thinnest part of Milk. Whey with Fumitory sodden in May, & drunk cold in the morning and Evening▪ hath virtue to scour, cleanse & open the parts of the body that are stopped, provoketh urine, and maketh clean the Bladder, & is good to quench choler, helpeth the belly, assuageth thirst, yet it inflameth, and bringeth wind to the guts but recocted or two times sodden whey, is the best whey and will bring sleep, and also is good in Clysters, to cool, scour, & quench choler in the guts, or help the excoriation in them, made by bloody Flix: Galen commendeth Whey lib. x. simplicium medic. and Mesue doth not a little praise the Whey of black Goats, 
Goats' whey  and how it is hot and dry in the first degree unto the second: this whey is good to be given to them which abound with much melancholy, or frenzies, and cleanseth the water between the skin and the flesh, openeth the Gaul, & mollifieth the Spleen: in sharp acute Tertian Fevers, or stopping of the vessels, with yellow choler, this whey doth much help, to drink the same, & nothing is better to be drunk against hot Leprosy than whey, it maketh a clean skin. Whey is used in many decoctions, & infusions, for lenitives to purge the belly▪ and thus I do end of Whey, which is a good drink in Summer in the common wealth, whereas good dairies be, as in Suffolk, the best country of Milk, as about Lethringham, Stratbrooke, Laxefield Keishal▪ etc.  
Eggs be commended of the most excellent Writers, as Dioscorides, and Galen, 
Eggs of Birds.  that they do excel all other nourshing meats, & also are good in medicine Isaac the Arabian, in his diates, doth praise hens Eggs, for that▪ they be pleasant to the mouth, and profitable to the Stomach and that they nourish more than other meats, and are soon turned into good blood, & eftsoons into seed of generation, specially Eggs that be new and white, but old Eggs be most filthy and noisome to the stomach. Furthermore Eggs have no part of the Fowl, saith Galen Simplic medi. but a portion of the thing from whence they come: 
Eggs three things in them.  & simeon Sethi saith iii things must be considered of Eggs, the first is the substance & cleanness of nature: the second is their age, either new or old: the third is of the manner of their dressing, as potching, see thing or rostinge. Potched Eggs be wholesome to be supped up in the morning upon an empty stomach. To cleanse the Lungs, breast & the reinss: hard Eggs do bind: fried Eggs be hurtful to the stomach: next in goodness unto them are the Eggs of pheasants, & Partridges, & the Eggs of small Birds of the wood, whose Eggs are white, but the Eggs water fowls, as Swans, Gees●, Ducks, with all their kinds, be gross and not pleasant to nature, 
Eggs of great ●oules be not good,  although good to strong stomached labourers. doves Eggs, because of their great heat, are more better for medicine then meat. Peacocks and Ostrich eges, be not good: of an evil nature and enemy to mankind: In food, 
Of Eggs their virtue.  the yellow parts of Eggs be warm, and nourish the blood, and the white of the Egg, is cold, and phlegmatic. Galen doth commend the white of Eggs, because they fret not, but cool: and therefore they are good for medicines for the eyes, and ulcers and wounds of the head, and other places whereas blood doth flow. Raw Eggs, with Oil of Roses beaten together, are good for Flegmon in the Ears, breasts, Arms, Legs, or privy members. The white of an egg the juice of pomegranates: Vinegar, and the oil of water Lilies, 
Eggs for ●●eepe.  are good beaten together, to anoint the forehead, to 'cause sleep. Eggs sodden in strong sharp vinegar, until they be hard, eat them, and they will stop the belly. whites of Eggs, the powder of the flowers of Pomgranetes, Planten water, and Hypocistes, with oil of Roses, and Alum, 
For burning  beaten in a leaden Mortar, will heal a burning or scalding in the flesh, covering the place with a Launde Cloth, and anointing the said land with this ointment. Oil of Eggs is good to heal Serpigo the breaking or Crames of the Lips, hands, scalding, burning, pains of the ears, stomach, 
Oil of eggs  reins, belly, and the privy members, which have great burning, filth. or heat: and finally, all the pains of the joints.  
Of Eggs come all fowls, save Barnacles, which are engendered of the marvelous work of Ocean Sea: Read Gesnerus, of the nature of Foules. The horrible Serpent called the Cockatrice, is bred in the Egg: so is the Crocodile, and many more Serpents, and many fishes of the sea, 
Eggs of serpents.  and little Worms, as the Ants. And thus I do end of eggs, whose yolks or reddes be first bread, within the Fowls bodies, as it doth appear when they be killed, by the great plenty of the said yolks and no whites, of which yolks the bird is bred. and nourished of the white: So is mankind engendered, and form of one part, and nourished of an other, Read Hypocrates in libro de natura pueri  Marcellus. 
What virtue is in Coagulo Leporis.  Hilarius. 
THree half penny weight, after the old weight of the Apoticaryes, tempered in wine, 
Coagulun or the cr●ddes of young beasts▪ that suck  and drunk doth prevail against venom, or pricking of Serpents, bloody flixes, & pains of the matrix, after the time that the ●termes menstrual be passed: it helpeth conception, but to drink it, it will dry the Seed, and let conception. Aristotle doth remember Coagulum lib. iij cap. 12. de historia Anima▪ saying: it is the substance of Milk, of those beasts which chew the cud, and suck of a curdye substance, as Calf, Lamb. kid, etc. And of nature is sour and drying, and drunk with vinegar, it helpeth the falling sickness as Galen afyrmeth lib. x. simplic. medic.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Sepum called Tallow, and Adeps, which is fat or the grease of beasts and fowls. I pray you tell me?  Hilarius. 
FIrst of Tallow, understand that of nature it is warm, and therefore it hath virtue to resolve, 
Tallow of male best are hotter than the female.  and make soft: and is used in sundry medicines, among the Chirurgeons. Notwithstanding, you must understand, that one Beast beareth more warmer tallow than an other: & the Male hotter than the female As example, the Hart hotter than the Hind: the Ram more warmer than the Ewe, etc.  
But for the fats of beasts and birds, they be all warm and moist: some more, and some less, according to their ages, fatness, and natures, as example following shortly said.  
The fat or grease of the 

Swans, Geese, Ducks, Bustardes. Hens and Capons, being fresh, doth comfort the Matrixe, breasts, and joints, and are warm.  
Gelded Swyn not salted is much like Oil, and moist & good against the pleurisy, and used in many ointments.  
Goats is harder than the swines, & is also drier, & is good against the pains of the great guts, in Clysters or Suppositers  
Bears is warm, and melted with Laudanum, maketh an ointment to increase hair.  
Foxes, is good against cold and palsy, and pains of the ears.  
Porpentine against baldness, as the Bear's grease is.  
Bulls and Calves doth warm, and are good to bind and stop flux, put in Clysters, ointments etc.  
Male beasts, hotter and drier than the female.  
lions is most subtle and hot of all fats.  
cats hot, and good, to anoint Aches, and Gouts.  
Seals or other Seafish, clarified with Honey will cleanse the eyen that are dim  
Snails cleanseth the iyen helpeth the Cares, and is wholesome for bone ache.  
Uipers' good to anoint the dim sight, dropped into them,  
Young lusty creatures, not salted and clean clarified, is best kept close.  
ravening beasts hotter than them, which eat Grass: & the water Foules, hotter than the land birds.  
Wolles' called Oesypus, will resolve heat apostumations, and Struma in the throat.    Marcellus. 
What say you of Mary, which in some place is called Marthe: contained within the bones of Beasts.  Hilarius. 
IT hath power to mollify, and make hard things soft, and of nature is hot and moist, as Galen saith. lib. xi. Simplicium medicamentorum. Example.  
The Mary o● Medulla of the 

Stag or Hart is the best of all beasts, to mollify muscles, ligamentes, tendons, and the guts.  
Calves or young Steers is next in goodness, used in sundry ointments, and lineaments.  
bull and Goats are very warm, and good in pessaryes for women.  
Ox, is good for the stomach, and the Lungs, and increaseth, seed of Generation.  
Fox, for the palsy, and trembling of the memberss.  
Back bone of beasts is drier than other Mary, and unpleasant to the stomach, drunk with Aligante, it stoppeth the whites in women.    
All these must be kept in clean vessels, a fit in a chamber, with Windows towards the North. For the South wind, or standing in vessels near to the ground, will soon corrupt mary's, except they be clarified upon the fire, 
To preserve fat.  and preserved in clean close stone or Glass vessels.  Marcellus. 
What say you of the Gauls of beasts, or fishes?  Hilarius. 
THe Gaul is the most hottest and bitterest part of albeastes, the place of Choler, and choler itself and dry, specially in hot Beasts, as Lions, wolves. Foxes, Dogs etc., 
Gauls of Beasts.  more than of the other Beasts, which denied the hooves. Even so it is among fowls, the crooked bylled birds, are hottest of all next them which feed upon weeds or seeds, and the water Foules, more than the field birds, as Dioscori. affirmeth- lib. iij. cap. lxxj. and are used in medicines as example.  
The Gaul or fell of the 

Scorpion of the Sea, the Sea Snail, or such like of the Sea for sore eyen.  
white Cock, & Capon, Hen, pheasant, Partridge, Dove, against sore eyen, dropped into them.  
Crane, Osspray, for pains in the ears, with oil of bitter Almonds dropped into them.  
Swan, Mallard, will kill worms.  
Bull, Ox, Cow, Goat, Ram, good for wounds or swellings, and to kill worms in the belly made in Plaster.  
Swine, For ulcers in the ears.  
Bears, to anoint the heads and nosetrels, of them which have the falling sickness.    
Also Gauls with Honey, and the juice of Rue, make a good ointment to anoint the belly, to kill worms, and help the Colic, and are used in inward medicines. There are stones found within the Gauls of Oxen & Bulls, the powder of them drunk, will cleanse the reins and Bladder. As you may see, Matthiolus in Comment. Dioscor .. lib. ij. cap. lxxj.  Marcellus. 
What say you of Brains  Hilarius. 
Brains are cold and moist of nature, of every beast or foul, according to their kinds. Some not so moist as other, as you have had example, of heat and cold beasts: and their brains are used in medicines. As example.  
The brains of the 

Hare sodden or roasted are good to make young children's teeth to grow  
Hens, Capons, or pheasants, to be drunk in wine against poison, saith, Dioscorides,.  
Wesel or Ferret, dried, and drunk in vinegar, against the falling sickness.  
Swallow mingled with honey, against the dinnes of the eyes.  
Sheep prepared, good to 'cause teeth to grow, & mollifyeth apostumations.  
Field birds costed are good to nourish the brain of man, when it is weak.  
Calf and Pig, not good for Phlegmatic people.    Marcellus. 
What say you of Livers?  Hilarius. 
THe liver is the Nutrimental part, and the fountain of Blood, a spongy matter, whereas the veins do begin, and is warm and moist according to the nature of the animal or Beast, and is used in medicine. As example.  
The Liver of the 

Mad Dog, roasted and eaten, helpeth him which is bitten with a mad dog,  
Goats being clean, do comfort the sight, applied raw or distilled, and is eaten to help the falling sickness.  
Wolf with Liver wort dried, maketh a goodly powder, to help the liver and lungs.  
Fox, clean washed and dried doth the same.  
Ass or Horse Broiled and Eaten against the falling Sickness.  
Boar, both in meat and medicine, against the slinging and biting of Serpents.  
Moore Hen or water Hen, against the stone, or gravel in the reins.  
Hen, Capons Chickens Partridge, pheasant, and all field birds doth nourish and comfort nature.    Marcellus. 
What say you of the Horne●  Hilarius. 
NOt much, I assure you, although many things may be said thereof, both for nature and property: I commend the description to them, that covet to be merry. 
Horns their nature.  And thus much will I say with Aristotle in lib. de natura Animalium, who saith: all beasts wanting their upper teeth, have naturally horns, for their defence: as we do see the Bull, the Hart. etc. and they are good in medicines, as example.  
The horn of 

Unicorn is most excellent, to be drunk against venom and poison, and helpeth the yellow jaundice.  
heart razed and drunk against Colic, or Iliacke, jaundice, and the bloody flix.  
Goats maketh good powder to cleanse thee teeth, and establish them, so doth the Hearts horn.  
Bulls in powder, drunk with wine, helpeth to heal the hemorrhoids burned in powder.  
The elephants tooth will help the yellow jaundice, razed and drunk in Endive Water.  
Sundry monsters of the Sea, are good against poison,    Marcellus. 
What say you to the Hooves of Beasts?  Hilarius. 
THey are their natural Shoes, keeping stil● their old fashion▪ 
Hooves of Beasts  which God hath prepared for them. For neither horse nor Ox should be profitable for mankind, but for the hoof: without which he cold not go or travel, or have any shoe made fast. They are also good for mankind in, medicine, as example.  
The hooves of the 

Horses razed are drunk in wine, and good to help the falling sickness.  
Ass' will do the same, and help the mother: burnt in perfume, sodden in Oil, they will help Struma.  
Goats, with Vinegar and Laudanum, will increase hair● anointing the place.  
Any beast burned▪ the smoke thereof helpeth the mother, and killeth Gnats that trouble your chamber:  
Any Beast drunk in powder maketh women barren and fruitless.  
Mule, will retain most strong Poison, or deadly venom.  
Them which are divided in two parts, are clean beasts. Levit Chap. xi.    Marcellus. 
What say you of Bones?  Hilarius. 
BOnes are the timber and strong posts which couple the body of every living man, beast, fish, and foul together: without which we might not be perfect. If any of them are broken, then are we lame. Thus bones be not only good to nature when we are living: but ossa humana mannes bones are good in medicine. As example.  
The bones of 

Man beaten into powder do greatly dry moist humours and sores. etc.  
Lions strongly smitten together, will bring light fire and are most dry of nature.  
Hogs beaten into powder, & drunk, are good against falling sickness.  
Hens burnt with Egshels, made in Powder, make a fretting powder.  
pigs are good for writing Tables, and to kill worms in the stomach, drunk in wormwood wine. Many sea fishes are wholesome in medicine against poison.  
Sepia or Cuttle, cold and dry will cleanse the skin▪ and Eyen.    Marcellus. 
What say you of urine.  Hilarius. 
IT is the Whey of the blood, conveyed by the reins into the bladder: hot and dry of nature, very salt according to the complexion of the body that maketh it as Man and Beast. Fowls Pysse not, for the moister is turned into Feathers. Aristotle de nature Animalium. urine is used in Medicine. As example.  
The urine of the 

Man is weakest, except gelded swine, and is wholesome to be drunk against venom.  
Young boy, to be distilled with Litarge of metal, a water to wash against Leprosy, is made thereof.  
Mule, to wash hands and feet, and against the gout and pains of the joints.  
Goats or Camels, to be drunk against the dropsy, or swelling of the belly.  
Boor, with oil of Wormwood, to anoint the belly and kill worms.  
dogs will kill warts, and ringworms.  
Urchyne, will corrode and fret, cleanse, and scour corrupted humours.    Marcellus. 
What say you of blood?  Hilarius. 
THe life of every living thing consisteth in the vital blood▪ without which, the soul can not remain within the Body, and it is used often times in medicine. As Example.  
The blood of the 

Geese, Ducks, and Kids is used in sundry Antidotaries.  
Stock Doves, Turtle Doves, House Doves, and Partridges, is good for sore eyen, and new wounds.  
Hare, for the stone, and bloody fly●e:  
dear, for the flix, or terms immoderate running in women.  
Goats, which are fed with opening herbs killed in june for the stone.  
Calf fed so, for the same stone and also the flux.  
Dragon's is declared before.  
Swine is cold blood: yet it is used in puddings, but not commendable.  
Bears, and Bulls, are horrible, not good.  
Sheep helpeth the Emeroides.  
Hens, Cocks & Capons, stoppeth blood, and wounds.  
Ducks, keepeth a goodly colour long time: the Idolatoures did practice therewith, dereyving the People at Hails, with a Blood which they called holy.    Marcellus. 
What say you to the nature of ordure, the dung of Beasts?  Hilarius. 
ORdure or dung, is the corruption or filthy excrement, which nature expulceth to the earth by the office of the guts. without which no creature should live, if the dung were still retained, in the said guts. and yet it is good in sundry salves, plasters, & medicines. As example. And they are hot and dry of complexion, according to the nature of beasts,  
The dung of 

Oxen and Cows, doth mitigate inflammation of wounds, and helpeth stinging of Bees.  
Calves, sodden with vinegar, helpeth Struma in the throat, or swelling of joints.  
Goats, doth resolve and make soft: a plaster thereof applied to the Matrix forceth the child to the birth.  
Horse or Mule, sodden in wine, strained and drunk helpeth the jaundice.  
Sheep sodden in vinegar and oil of Roses, resolveth, quencheth and healeth burning and scalding.  
Dogs fed with bones, helpeth the bloody flux, drunk in milk: with Honey, it helpeth Angina, to anoint the place of the throat withal.  
Miso doth cleanse, and with Honey tempered together doth increase hair in ointments for the head.  
Swine, cleanseth, it stoppeth blood in flowing wounds.  
Curlues drunk in wine, helpeth the falling sickness.  
Corocodisus of Nilus cleanseth the skin, the best of this is white.  
Man is best in medicine, although most abominable to the sense of smelling: yet there is art to make oil for the Gout, swelling of the throat, and to help Flegmon, of this ordure of Mankind, and a water to be drunk against the Falling sickness, Stone, and the Water between the Flesh and Skin. And finally to help evil complexion.  
read. Gal. lib. x. Simplicium medicamentorum, and Dioscorides. lib. two cap lxxiiij    Marcellus. 
What say you of the Scorpion▪ Frog, Mouse, Lasarde, Cantharides, Horseleeche and earth worms?  Hilarius 
THe Scorpion is a cruel worm, whose sting will prick to death, 
Scorpion.  except the oil of Scorpions be gotten, which reconcileth the hurt, anointing the place therewith. Also this oil is good to anoint the reins, to break the stone, 
Frog  and provoketh urine.  
The Frog sodden with Salt, and clean Oil, and so eaten, helpeth against all venom of serpents Dioscorides. lib. ij. cap xxv  

Mouse.  The Mouse being roasted, is good to be given to children, that piss their bed, to help them. further it will dry up the Foam and spittle in their mouths. There are sundry kinds of Miso Aristotle's. lib. vi de Historia animalium.  

Lacert.  Lacerta with legs, a long tail, an earth Serpent. The head broken and applied to any place on the body, whereas either prick or nail is fixed, forth with it shall be drawn forth. This worm is much used of Chirurgens.  
Cantharides are flies hot dry, and burning, of nature, and have power to blister and make issue, 
Cantharid.  and draw forth water: there be that write in their books of Physic, how these flies may be drunk inwardly against the Dropsy and the stone, but I dare not here commend the same, for fear of no small peril that might follow.  

Horseleech.  Horseleeches are wholesome to draw forth foul blood, if they be put into a hollow Reed, and one of their ends cut of, whereby the blood may run forth.  

Snail.  Snails broken from the shells and sodden in white wine with Oil and Sugar are very wholesome, because they be hot & moist for the straightness of the Lungs and cold cough. Snails stamped with Comphory▪ and leaven, will draw forth prycks in the flesh.  

Earthwormes  Earthwormes are hot of nature and of them is a precious ointment made to close wounds, & if they be sodden in Goose grease & strained it is a good ointment for to drop into a dull hearing ear, ꝑouring it into the contrary s●de. Earth worms stamped, are good for pained teeth. The Oil of worms is greatly commended for the comforting of the sinews, joints, veins and gout, 
Oil of wormes·s  they must be washed in white wine, and the Oils of Verbascum or Cowslips, of roses, of lilies, of Dil. of Camomile, all sodden to gather, when it is cold, put in your earth worms▪ stop your glass, let it stand xl. days in the Sun, then strain it, & it will make an excellence oil against ache, Sciatica, gout. etc.,  
Read more of them Plini. lib xxx. cap ix. And thus I do end of Earthwoormes, 
Earth the mother of every living creaure.  which are the bowels of the ground or earth, which earth is cold, and dry of nature, yet the mother of each living wight, fostereth and giveth food to every creature, both sensible and insensible, and remaineth still, firm and stable, and each creature hath his original spring, and first life upon the earth: when they have run the race, some in pleasure and other some in wretchedness, the earth doth devour them again at length and swallow them, as though they had never been: 
Generation falleth into corruption  and thus is generation turned into corruption, as Aristotle affirmeth. But how mighty is that Lord God, which with his blessed word did for our sakes make the Earth to be our own free dwelling place during this our Mortal Life, to what end, to abuse the same, as the old World did, for whose sakes he did destroy all flesh, his small chosen people excepted? Not forsooth, but to use the Earth with diligent travel, in tillage, sowing, cherishing herbs, plants, grass. etc. which be Gods gifts, both for our medicines and meat: not to despise the sweet Creatures of God, 
Math, 6.  which spring in sundry times of the year, as flowers, fruits, seeds, barks, roots, with cunning to be preserved for man's use, against the daily danger of cruel sickness, which assalteth each man, Woman, and Child, through the corruption of humours, and other evil accidents of our Life. And for as much as we can not make one flower, 
The providence of God.  neither can give to any of them his proper beautiful shape, virtue, or savour, which Solomon, when he was flourishing in his regal estate, was not comparable to any of these flowers for their excellent beauty: 
Psal. 103. Psal. 104. job. 26. jer. 5. Gen. 3.  Therefore let us daily behold the Earth whereunto we must once come, and also in the mean time, humbly laud and praise the high divine providence of the almighty our Lord and God, who hath laid the foundations of the Earth, that it should not move at any time, and hath covered it with the deep, like as with a garment, the waters do stand between the Hills, yea he sendeth his Springs to the rivers, which run among the hills: all Beasts of the Field drink thereof, and the wild Asses do quench their thirst: besides them all the fowls of the air have their habitation, and sing among the branches, and he watereth the Lilies from the Clouds. The earth is filled with the Fruit of his works: he bringeth forth Grass for the cattle, and green herbs for the service of Mankind, that he might bring food out of the earth, and Wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and Oil to make him a cheerful countenance, & bread to strengthen his heart withal. 

Wine Oil &▪ bread, God's gifts.  
The trees of the lord are full of sap.   The Trees of the Lord are also full of sap, even the trees of Libanus which he hath planted Therein the Birds do make their nests: & the Fir trees are a dwelling for the Stork. The high Hills are a refuge for the wild Goats, and so are the stony Rocks a refuge for the conies. He appointeth the Moon for certain seasons, and the Sun doth know his going down: he maketh darkness, that it may be Night, wherein all the beasts of the Forest do move. The Lions roaring after their prey do seek their meat at God, the Sun ariseth, and then they get them away together, and lurk them close in the dens. Then man ariseth, and goeth forth to his work, & laboureth until evening. O Lord how manifold are thy works, in wisdom hast thou made them all. The Earth is full of thy Richeses: so is the great and wide Sea also, 
Psal. 92.  wherein are things innumerable both small and great Beasts: there sail the Ships, and there are great Whales, whom thou hast made to play therein: all these creatures weight upon thee, that thou mayst give them, meat in due time: when thou givest them, 
Esa. 27. Io li. xi. Psal. lxii.  they gather it, and when thou openest thy hand, they are filled with good things: when thou hidest thy face, they are troubled, when thou takest away their breath, they die, and they are turned again to their Dust. etc.  

Every thing turneth to dust.  Lo here my dear brother Marcellus I do end simply of Simples, praying thee in the mean time to take them in good part: weighing my present case, disquietness, and trouble. Good will ever was with me and shallbe to my small power, although leasour lacked, and time would not serve for the purpose: 
Trouble hath so hindered me, that I am constrained, presently to stay.  but when it shall please God that we shall talk together again, I will make amendss for all faults escaped, GOD willing, who ever keep thee, thine own, Hillarius. Moreover, behold two old friends approach at hand, the one is called Soarenes, & the other chirurgery. Let us hear what they will say, a little while.  
The end of the Simples.   



A horned Still.  
Bagpipe Still.  
Two heads.  
Pelican Still.  
The little Glass   
These stills are very good to desti, cleanse and rectify all waters   


Walnut.  
Satirion.  
Wormwood.  
Strabery.  
Solanum the great nightshade.  
radish.  
Cherie.  
Hyssop.  
Chickenweede.   

Scabious.  
peach.  
Lavender.  
Endive, or Southistell.  
Onions.  
Parietory.  
Parsiley.  
Plantein.  
Pemroyall▪   

Rose.  
Sage.  
Chicorie.  
Houseleek.  
Alkakengi.  
Tilia.     



A.  AZarabaccha or wild Nardus. 
Fol. 1.  Asplenon called Scolopendrion or Citrach. 
Ibidem  Absinthium called Wormwood. 
Fol. 2  Anisseedes. 
Ibidem  Anagallus called Chickenweede. 
7.  Apples. 
13.  Aloes of two kinds. 
14  agrimony. 
18  Apium called smallage. 
22  Aron called Cookoprick. 
24  Arthichoke called Scolimus or Cinara. 
31  Asparagus. 
36  Aconitum two kinds, Perdalianches, and Licoctonon. 
42  Angelica Angels flower, or radix sancti spiritus. 
43  Aristolochia rotunda & longa. 
49  Apiastrum Mellissa or Balm. 
51  Agaricum or Agaricke. 
54  Amoniacum, of God Ammon. 
60  Assafoetida a stinking Gum. 
Ibidem.  Amber Grice most sweet. 
59  Acatia a fruit of a Thorn in Egypt. 
61  Almonds sweet and bitter. 
64  Agnus Castus or Vitex. 
68  Alum, or roach Alum. 
69  Atramentum. 
70  Alston more in the North. 
79    


B.  Beats. 
Fol. 8  Betonie. 
Ibidem  Beer, and Ale. 
12  Barberies. 
14  bugloss. 
16  Basill or Ozimum. 
Ibid.  Burnet. 
Ibid.  Bell Woodbine called Smilax. 
21  Barley, called Hordium. 
27  beans. 
28  Bardana the Burr. 
36  Brakes, or Filix the Ferne. 
40  Botris a sweet herb of France. 
4●  Basill wild called Ocimastrum. 
48  Brionia vitis alba the running wild vine 
Fol. 49.  Boras. 
60  Bdellium. 
Ibid.  Balaustia the flowers of Pomegranate. 
65  Bay, or Laurel. 
67  Brimstone. 
69  Barach. 
76  Bay salt. 
71  Boar's flesh and Bacon. 
74  Bear, and Badgar. 
76  Black bird. 
78  Barnacle wondrous. 
82  Bitter the bird. 
78  Butter the virtue. 
80  Brains of sundry kinds. 
82  Byzahar the stone. 
83  Bones of sundry kinds. 
Ibidem  Blood of sundry beasts. 
84    


C.  Camomile. 
Fol. 7  Cucumbers. 
9  Cabage or Brassica, wortes. 
Ibidem  Claret wine. 
10  Cherries. 
14  Capers, and olives. 
Ibidem  Scabious. 
16  Calamus Aromaticus. 
17  Centaurium or fell terrae. 
19  Campher●e called Symphitum. 
24  Consolida minor Daises. 
Ibidem  Coriander. 
25  Chelidon the great or Chelidonion mega. 
32  Collumbin. 
32  Cresses or Nasturtium. 
40  Crowfoote or Ranu●culus. 
42  C●ocus or Saffron. 
45  Cartamus or wild Saffron. 
45  calamints of the Mountain. 
48  Clary called Orminum. 
Ibidem  Caraways of Carintha. 
51  Cartafilago. 
52  Chicorie or Sponsa solis. 
Ibidem  Carrots the roots. 
53  Cassia lignea a sweet wood. 
55  Cassiafistula to purge. 
Ibidem  Castanian the Chestnut. 
6●  Cola●iuthida. 
Ibidem  Cuthbert Blunt. 
68  Clo●es▪ 
Ibidem  Cucubes. 
6●  Ceruse. 
Ibidem  Ciperus. 
Ibidem  Cardamon. 
67  Camphor or Caphera. 
68  Cadmia. 
72  Coral. 
72  calves flesh. 
74  cocks flesh. 
81  Cheese fresh and salt. 
80  Co●gulum leporis. etc. 
81  Cantharides the Fly. 
84    


D.  Dragon's. 
Fol. 6  Dandelion. 
10  Dictamnum. 
15  Diapentia the great fine leaved grass. 
23  Dogs tongue or Cynoglossum. 
Ibid.  Darnell. 
31  Dayses called Bellis. 
37  Dyer's flowers called flos Tinctoris. 
44  dock the great called Rumex. 
47  Digitalis called fingers or Fox gloves: 
48  Doronike a precious root of Alexandria. 
53  Dragon's blood. 
59  Diacridium called Diagridium. 
61  Dates. 
68  Ditten. 
  Ducks flesh▪ 
77  doves flesh. 
Ibidem    


E.  ENula Campana. 
Fol. 15  Elleborus Albus & niger. 
18  Ebulus or Waleworte· 
51  Epithymum. 
Ibidem.  Eringium of the Sea. 
54  Ebenus Wood 
56  Euphorbium. 
60    


F.  FEnell or Fincle. 
Fol. 6  Filipendula. 
Ibidem  Fenum Grec● fenugreek. 
26  Flax or Lint. 
Ibidem  Felonweede, or S. james wort. 
38  Flos t●nctoris for Diers. 
45  Fox Gloves, called Digitalis. 
47  Frankincense, or thus. 
49  filbert Nuts. 
64  Fraxinus the Ash tree. 
65  Figs. 
66  French Sope. 
64  Fumus terrae. 
66  Fallow Deer. 
75  Fiber. 
76  Fox. 
Ibidem  pheasant. 
78  Fish. 
75  Fatness of beasts. 
81  Frogs. 
84    

Garlic. 
Fol. 3  Groundsill. 
9  Grapes. 
14  Ginger. 
17  Gallowgrasse or Hemp. 
27  Giloflowers. 
35  Gramen. 
38  Goose foot. 
Ibidem  Geucian. 
41  Germander. 
47  Goofe grass. 
50  Grummell. 
52  Gum Sarcocolle. 
59  Galbanum. 
60  Glaucium. 
Ibidem  Gum Arabic. 
Ibidem  Gum Tragacanthe. 
61  Gum Larix. 
Ibidem  Gauls. 
62  Gum of Almonds. 
68  Galauga. 
66  Goats. 
75  Geese. 
77  Green Cheese. 
79  goats milk. 
Ibidem.    


H  Honey. 
Fol. 3  Hops. 
7  Horehound. 
Ibidem  Hyssop. 
10  Helenium. 
15  Henbane. 
31  Humlocke. 
Ibidem  houseleek. 
35  Horse tail. 
40  Hearts Horn. 
43  Hermodactylus. 
46  Hypocistis. 
64  Haematiste. 
73  Hernes. B. S. 
78  Hippoglossum. 
23  Hypericon. 
16  Hemp. 
26  Hilton of Bidick. 
80    


I  IEnuper. 
65  Ire●s. 
67  jest. 
73  
ivy. Fol. 39  ivory. 
77    


K.  Knotgrass. 
33    


L.  Lilies. 
Fol. 6  Lettuce. 
10  liverwort. 
19  Lungs, 
1  L●gusticum. 
22  Lupins. 
30  Lions foot. 
33  Lavender. 
41  Lagopus. 
43  Lyquerice. 
53  Leaven. 
66  Licium. 
61  lethargy. 
66  Lautus. 
67  Lime. 
70  Lead. 
Ibidem  Lapis Lasulj. 
72  Lapis Tutia. 
73  Lapis Phrygius. 
73  Lapis magnes. 
Ibidem  Lambs wool. 
80    


M.  MOuse Eare. 
Fol. 2  Mustard 
8  Mints. 
10  Mellilote, 
17  Mugwort. 
18  Mallows. 
19  marygold. 
25  Mandragora. 
41  Misten, or Viscum. 
50  Moss. 
55  Mumia. 
59  Mirobalans. 
62  Mirtus. 
63  Mulberry. 
66  Minium. 
70  Margarit. 
72  Milk. B. C. 
79  Maiden hair. 
24  Mastic. R. F. B. S. 
59  Mustela. 
75    


N  NEttles. 
Fol. 35  Nigilla Romana. 
25  Napus the root. 
52    


O.  ONions. 
5  Oil. 
18  Orpin that liveth so long. 
38  Oak tree. 
62  Ostpray the sea Egle. 
76  Oats. 
31  Oil of Worms. 
  Otter that liveth by fish. 
90    


P.  Philitises or Hearts tongue. 
Fol. 1  Porcelain or Portulace. 
6  Plantein, or Plantago, lambs tongue. 
7  Pease, or beans. 
●  Pears. 
13  Peaches, or Persica. 
Ibidem  Prunes. 
14  Polipodie of the Oak. 
16  Peneroyall, or Pulegium. 
19  Poppy, or Papaver. 
25  Pease, or Pisum. 
28  Pimpernell. 
33  Paeonia, or Pionie. 
36  Paunsis, or herba Trinitatis. 
39  Paritarie. 
45  Purge, or Spurge, called Ricinus. 
40  Psyllium, or fleaworte, 
47  Pepper of the water. 
49  Pellitory, or Sternumentaria. 
50  Phylanthropos, that will hung upon 〈◊〉 Apparel, called Goose grass. 
Ibidem  Pastnippes', or Pastinaca. 
53  Pixnavalis, or Pitch of the Ship. 
60  Pistaciae a kind of Nuts. 
64  Populus, or Poppler tree. 
65  Pomegranate, or Malum punicum. 
Ibidem  Pepper, or Piper. 
67  Pearls, or Margarite stones. 
72  Pork, or Bacon. 
74  Pigs. 
Ibidem  Porpinti●e, or ●renaceus. 
75  Peacock, their flesh. 
77  Partridges, their flesh. 
78  Plovers. 
Ibidem  Plaice the fish. 
Ibidem    


Q.  QUinces. 
Fol. 14  Quercula minor. 
47  quails. 
78  Quicksilver. 
69    


R.  RIce. 
Fol. 8  Rue, or herb Grace. 
9  Raysens. 
14  Rosemary. 
18  Rushes. 
2●  Rocket gentle. 
34  Rumex, called read Dock. 
47  Rapes. 
52  Roydes. 
Ibidem  radish roots. 
53  Rhubarb. 
54  R●sine. 
59  Rose. 
69  Roche. 
78    


S.  SAge. 
Fol. 5  Sorrell. 
7  savoury. 
8  Senetion, or Gronsell. 
9  Scabious. 
16  spinach. 
Ibidem  Se●walle. 
17  Centurion, 
21  Smallage. 
32  Simohitum, or Comfery. 
24  Scylla▪ or Squilla, or the Sea onion. 
Ibi.  S●a●esaker. 
30  Solanum. 
Ibidem  shepherds purse. 
33  Sticados. 
34  Serpentaria. 
35  Stitcheworte. 
37  savin. 
Ibidem  Seine Alexan. 
Ibidem  Spatula foetida. 
38  shepherds needle. 
42  Saffron. 
43  Sperma Coeti. 
59  Storax. 
Ibidem  Stat●e. 
Ibidem  Stirax calamity. 
61  Sanders. 
67  Sugar of the Cane. 
68  Sulphur, called Brimstone. 
69  Spodium. 
70  Sope. 
Ibidem  Salt. 
71  Spo●gia, the sea sponge. 
72  Sapbyrus. 
73  Sparrows. 
78  Shellfish. 
75  Sepum called Tallow. 
86  Scorpion. 
84    


T  TAsill▪ ●●brum veneris. 
Fol. 15  Time. 
17  Triplegrasse. 
32  Tartar of Wynelies. 
59  Terra Sigillata. 
Ibidem  Turbit. 
63  tamarinds. 
Ibidem  Tamariscus, or Tamarix. 
Ibidem    


V  VIolettes. 
Fol. 6  Ueruen. 
8  Ualerian· 
32  Verbalcum. 
34  Vngula caballina, or Tussilago. 
51  Uerdigrease. 
70  Uernishe. 
Ibidem    


W.  Wormwood. 
Fol. 2  Water of Rivers. etc. 
11  Wine. 
10  Woodbine. 
21  Wheat. 
29  Wild water Pepper. 
49  W●●sell. 
76  William Hilton. 
79    


A.  AZarabaccha, called Vulgago, hot, and dry in the third degree: provoketh urine, helpeth the Liver, and purgeth terms menstrual. etc. 
Fol. 1  Azaron is good against the Fever, Dropsy, and Frenzy. 
Ibidem  Asplenum, is good for the Spleen. 
Ibi.  Absinthium, helpeth soar Ears, Eyes, Spleen, and the Dropsy. 
2  Anisseedes openeth the reins. 
Ibidem  A good reamedy for the running of the reins. 
Ibidem  Against the bloody flux. 
Ibidem  Against poison. 
3  A medicine for the Fistula. 
Ibidem  An healthful drink for Summer. 
Ibid.  An excellent pill, which helped. W. Bullein th'author of this book, for the Rheum. 
5  A medicine of Fenill for the reins, and Bladder. 
6  An example of Pur●●en. 
Ibidem  An increaser of the seed of generation. 
10  Against the biting of Dogs▪ and Serpents. 
9  A glassy for a drunkard. 
11  Ale▪ and Beer. 
12  Ashes made of wild Pear tree they● virtue. 
13  Apples their virtues. 
14  A medicine for the small pocks. 
Ibidem  Against stinking Breath. 
Ibidem  Against drunkenness. 
14  Against hot choler. 
Ibidem  Against the Pestilence. 
Ibidem  A cause of the Emeroydes. 
15  A marvelous work of Dictamnum. 
Ib.  A pained Stomach. 
18  A present help to be delivered of a dead Child. 
Ibidem  A medicine for women's breasts. 
20  Althos, doth signify medicine. 
Ibidem  A good Gargarism to wash● the Throat 
Fol. 23  Against poison. 
25  A good Medicine for soar Eyes. 
Ibidem  A quick Medicine for a sta●e Ruffian. 
27  Against hot inflammation, or swelling of the body. 
28  A more larger description of Beams, and Pease. 
Ibidem  A knavish practice of Inholders, & their Ostlers. 
Ibidem  A Horse is a good servant. 
29  A plaster for a bruised body. 
30  A plaster to bring forth a dead child. 
Ibi.  A good Medicine for the Stone, and Reins, 
Ibidem  An herb venom, called Henbane, or Altercum. 
3●  Against the Pestilence. 
34  Asparagus hath many virtues as to increase the seed. etc. 
36  A good Medicine for the falling Sickness. 
Ibidem  An alligory of an herb, an old Superstition, invented by Witches, a practice of Satan. 
39  Angelica defendeth poison, and preserveth chasticy. 
43  Against drunkenness. Saffron doth help. 
44  Against poison. 
Ibidem  Against the pestilence. 
45  A good note of the nature of herbs. 
47  Against evil fight, savoury prevaileth. 
Fol. 48.  Aristolochia helpeth Cankers. 
49  A very good medicine for the Ulcer of the Yard. 
52  A p●aster for the liver, or Goule. 
Ibidem  A good wound herb●. 
Ibidem  An excellent infusion of Leonellus ●auentinus to cleanse the blood. 
54  Agaricke cleanseth the guts▪ and expulseth raw humours. 
Ibidem  Agaricke helpeth the falling sickness. 
Ibidem  Agaricke purgeth all the Organs of the Senses, 
55  A precious Water with Cinnamon, and Cassia. 
Ibidem  Amber grease of three kinds. 
56  A good Pomeamber against coldness of the Brain. 
Ibidem  A Witches blessing for saint Anthony's fire. 
57  A good plaster for a soar skabben ●ate. 
60  Ammomacum cometh from the Oracle of God Ammon. 
Ibidem  Assafoetida doth stink, yet it helpeth the Mother, and Lungs. 
Ibidem  Acatia stoppeth the bloody flux. 
6●    


B.  Biting of a Snake. 
Fol. 3  Bees be an example unto us, both of love, and working in the common wealth. 
Ibidem  Bies maintain no Strangers, for they be not profitable. 
4  Bread of a day old. 
13  Black Friars Pears in Norwiche. 
Ibid.  Beans in the old Time, were used for Lots. 
28  Bistorta hath a crumpled root, lying wrinkled like a Serpent, but the Female root is black without, & read within, & a great knot in the end. 
35  Brake Seeds were n●uer seen among christian people, but Witches hath used practice with them as foolish Writers affirm. 
40  Bitter herbs be hot and dry. 
48  Brionia vitis alba, or the wild running vine. 
49  Brionia defendeth poison. 
Ibidem  Brionia increaseth milk. 
50  Epi●hymum, and Gassutha h●lpeth the liver, Gaul, and Splent. 
5●  Beware of the new dyate, except you have two lives, or else a wise minister of the same. 
58  Bitumen of the dead Sea. 
59  Balaustia the flower of Pomegranate: which will stop a flux, 
65  Bath springs come from a vein of Brimstone 
69  Burnt lead good for Chirurgeons. 
70  Boys can kill the strongest men with guns. 
72  Bizabar a precious stone against poison & the bloody flux. 
73  Beef, not good for the Choleric, but for tender stomachs. 
74  Beef broth against the flux. 
Ibidem  Bear and Badgard have virtue in medicine. 
76  Bear, Fox, and Brock, are good to help the palsy 
Ibidem  Butter, the virtue of it. 
80    


C  Coughs how to help it, 
3  Corrupt phlegm, to help it. 
Ibidem  Cold coughs, to help it, 
●  Coloquintida is perilous, 
63  Comfort against hot choler in the stomach. 
10  Claret wine warmeth the body. 
10  Capers & Olives: good for the spleen. 
14  Couslippes, or Pagles. 
34  Cresses help the palsy. 
40  Cresses do help many infirmities. 
Ibid.  Cartamus cleanseth humours. 
45  Clarie good for women. 
48  Cassiafistula cometh from Egypt. 
55  Cassiafistula hath many virtues to help mankind, it cannot be for borne among us 
Ibidem,  Covetousness and money, doth make blind both Divines, layers and Physicians, and transform them from the Natures of men, into infernal monsters, 
58  Cubebes have goodly virtue against melancholy. 
66  Ceruse cooleth inflamed sores, 
66  Cardamon helpeth the falling sickness, 
67  Caphur called Camphora, of a great Tree in Ind. 
68  Camphire will quench nature. 
Ibidem.  Coral groweth in the Sea. 
72  Coral of two kinds. 
Ibidem  Calves flesh, the profit thereof. 
74  Celsus for a vomit. 
Ibidem  Castor stones do help all cold infirmities, both in men and women. 
76  Cranes are ●oat, and increase seed. 
77  Dioscorides was an Heathen man, yet was he most cunning in the natures of Simples. 
23  Drink but two drams of night shade in Wine. 
30  Doronicus helpeth digestion. 
53  Dates good for nature, 
67  Ducks flesh is very hot, and corrupted and unwholesome flesh. 
76  Doves flesh nourisheth cold folks, and is very hot itself. 
Ibidem  divers opinions, how Ambergrice is found. 
56  Dragon's blood is very good to stop the bloody flux. 
62  Doctor William Turner, found the very Tamarix in Germany, which is best for the Spleen. 
63    


E  Epithimum & Cassia help the gall. 
51  Edward's, a foolish Empiric, had almost killed Cuthbert Blunt, with Elleborus albus, at Newcastle. 
64  Eggs of birds, three special things considered in them 
80  Eggs of great fowls, are noisome to the stomach. 
Ibidem  Eggs their whites help the eyen and quench heat. 
Ibidem  Eringium maris, to increase seed. 
44  Earth is the mother of every thing, and into earth each creature shall return. 
84  Earth worms are very wholesome for Mankind, so is their oil. 
Ibidem  Every thing shall turn to Dust in the end. 
85    


F  For to help the biting of a Dog. 
6  For the brain and heart a good medicine. 
16  For the Stomach, Liver, and the Spleen a good medicine: 
17  Fragaria hath virtue to cool. 
23  Fragaria hath virtue to cool. 
23  For to help the Emeroydes. 
Ibidem  From eating of beans, what Pythagoras meant▪ 
28  For cods, when they are swelled a remedy. 
Ibidem  For green wounds, use Ualerian to heal them, 
32  For to help the swelling of the throat. 
Ibidem.  For sore eyen to help them. 
Ibidem  Flegmon is an appostumation, gathered of corrupted blood into one place. 
46  Framingham, Nettlestede, and Lethringham, ancient parks. 
50  For pains of the head coming of heat, a remedy. 
47  From whence rhubarb doth come. 
54  Filverdes are good after meat, & also for moist rheums. 
64  Figs are both meat and medicine. 
66    


G  garlic will provoke urine, but it is not good for Choleric persons. 
3  Green sickness. 
5  Guaicum is of greater virtue than the Bath or Bukstones well against the nosegay of Naples. 
12  Good for the shortness of wind. 
6  Goodly syrup to cleanse the Stomach is made of Squilla. 
24  Goose foot is a perilous herb. 
38  Genesis xxx doth not prove that Mandrake helpeth conception. 
4  Great Spurge or Ricinus maketh strong vomittes. 
45  Goodly are the virtues of Rapes. 
55  Galbanum is a Gum of great virtue to bring forth a dead child. 
60  Gauls do grow like Acorns, and have virtue to stop flixes. 
62  Guaicum will cleanse the eyes 
63  Gum Arabike will restrain the flux, and wounds. 
60  Glue will heal wounds. 
Ibidem  Gum Larix is equal with the best Terebintyne. 
61  Gold the most vndefyl●d metal is good for cordials. 
75  Generation cometh again into corruption. 
88  gillyflowers are good for the heart and help wounds. 
35  Goose flesh breadeth Melancholy. 
77    


H  How to correct Elleborus albus that it shall not hurt. 
18  Honey is not good for hot people, for it will turn most soon into Choler. 
3  Honey is an heavenly dew. 
Ibidem  Hair how to preserve it. 
6  Hydropiper may be used in the place of pepper. 
49▪  How to know good Agarike. 
54  How to use Radish roots. 
55.  Hemp will kill worms in the belly and destroy seed of Generation. 
27    


I  IF Harp strings were of one degree▪ unpleasant were that harmony. 
20    


L.  Leeks. 
6  Lethe, a flood, whose water did cause men to forget themselves when they drink of it. 
1●  Lungworte so called, because it is like the lungs of man. 
20  Liguria, is a part of Itali from the Hill Apeninus unto the Tuscan Sea. 
22.  Lavender the sweet virtue thereof, wholesome for cold folks: 
41  Lavender deals the sinews, 
Ibidem  Lunaria healeth wounds. 
43  Lysimachus, stoppeth blood, Lysimachus a king of Macedonia, found this herb, when he was scholar to Calisthenes. & one of Alexander's worthy captains. 
43  Lathiris or Cataputia minor or the less Spurge 
45.  Lithargus helped with herbs, hot & dry in the third degree. 
51.  Liquorice helpeth the kings evil. 
53  Lignum Aloes called Agallocum, which is aromatic. 
55  Lignum aloes cometh not from Paradise, as fools affirm, but from Moddel, a city of Ind. 
Ibidem  Laudanun doth help the hair from falling saith Paulus. 
61  Licium cometh from Lici●. 
6●  leaven dissolveth hard things, and maketh them soft. 
66  Laurus called the Bay, against the stone. 
67  Lead will cool and help sores. 
70  Lapis naxius helpeth to increase hair. 
73  lambs flesh is good roasted, evil sodden. 
75  La●kes help the Colic, black birds, Plovers, Sparrows, Woodcocks, small Birds. 
78  Lime helpeth rotten sores. 
70  Livers of Beasts. 
32    


M  Monseare is good for the falling sickness. 
2  Monseare helpeth the throat. 
Ibidem  Michael the Chirurgeon of New castle. 
Ibid.  Master Roger Straunges medicine brought from Venice, written by a Learned Italian Doctor, for running of the reins. 
13  Marks of stripes in the skin▪ 
15  Mercury helpeth conception. 
19  Master Luke of London. 
26  Many good Medicines made of Hemp Seed. 
Ibidem  Meal and Wax, hath made great Merchants at Rome. 
29  Many good Medicines made of House ●eke. 
35  Mandrake is much like a man, or a Woman by craft, for nature giveth no man's shape to a beast, mu●ch less to an herb. 
41  Mandrake was called Circaeum, and also Anthropomorphos. 
42  Madder with read roots, against the Pestilence. 
47  Many good virtues of Germander. 
Ibidem  Many good virtues of Aristolochia, longa & rotunda. 
49  Mis●en healeth many perilous sores. 
50  Missel●owe or M●s●en, will make a good riping plaster, to heal the corns in the feet. 
Ibidem  Misseltow is not natural in kind but a bastard branch, growing upon some other tree. 
51  Misseltow is like to a stranger, that increaseth and flourisheth by the ●urt & loss of a ●ree borne man, of his own natural Country or City. 
51  Man's nature subject to many Evils, for want of perfect temperament. 
57  March and April are the best times to heal the Pox. 
58  Myrrh preserveth the Body from putrefaction or rotting. 
59  Mirtes have virtue to restrain 
63  Manna of the Ash trees in Italy. 
68  Medicines made of the Osspraie. 
76  M●ddie fish not wholesome. 
78    


N  Nettle seeds will serve in the place of Pepper. 
35  Note that the black Thistle root with Swine's Grease and Brimstone, will heal Scabs and itch. 
44  Note, Quid pro quo, was given to the Lord Wharton in his pottage of ignorance, to his great peril of Life. 
45  Nutmeg, or Musk nut, hath many singular virtues against cold. 
64  Nutmegs, not good for hot complexioned men. 
65    


O  Onions provoke sleep. 
5  Oil of Olives best. 
17  Old sores. 
18  Oil of Roses, 
Ibidem  Old Rushes, and old Courtiers be past pleasure. 
21  Of the healing comfortable Herb so named: 
24  Of Popie wild and tame. 
25  Oats do cleanse the Lungs▪ 
29  Orpin healeth the Morphue. 
38  Oil of Spike doth warm. 
41  Of sundry kinds of Crowfoote called Ranunculi, or little Frogs grass. 
42  Of the little Beast called Chameleon. 
44  Of Rumex the Dock, called Monks Rhubarb, or bastard Mercury. 
47  Of the great Dock, how it purgeth. 
Ibid.  Of the herb called Atriplex, or Arige. 
Ibid.  Orthopnaea is difficulty of Wind. 
48  Of the wood of Life called Guaicum. 
57  Oppoponax doth resolve. 
61  Oil of Roses for the head. 
69  Of the flesh of Oxen, Steers, Bulls and Calves. 
74  Ox gaul cleanseth the eyes. 
Ibidem  Ox milt stoppeth the flux. 
Ibidem  Osspraies oil, good to put in water, to gather fish ready to be taken. 
76  Of house Cocks, Capons, Chickens, their flesh much commended. 
77  Of Dragons, which helpeth against the pestilence. 
6    


P  Poverty is better among the common people, than abundance of riches. 
20  Perilous practitioners be here described. 
26  P●●san made of Barley, will quench choler. 
27  Pichagoras said this Faba abstineto that is abstain from Beaves, Pliny and Tully say, because of the engendering of gross humours, he forbade them. 
28  Plutarcus saith, it was to beware, to be in office in a common wealth, because it is so perilous. 
Ibidem  Pease came first from Piso in Greece. 
Ibid.  Pe●se growing on the own accord, without Sowing, where no Earth but Stones b●. 
29  Plenty of Oats in North humberland. 
Ibid.  Pimpinella is good against the Pestilemce. 
33  Poor men's Pepper. 
35  Paeonia is called the chaste herbe· 
36  Paralises, or Palsy. 
37  Persicaria, or peach leaves, growing in marrice ground. 
40  parietary that groweth upon Stone Walls. 
45  Perfect hearts rest, and true quietness of mind. 
46  Psyllium called Fleewort. 
47  Purple fingers. 
48  Pellitory hath virtue to help the teeth. 
50  Pellitory will take away a cold Fever. 
ibi  Ph●lanthropos, Aper●ne, commonly called Gosegrasse, and Hareweade. 
Ibidem  Pistacia, a nut of Syria, or Italia 
62  Pepper dissolveth, and consumeth moist humours. 
67  Pyrites lapis, against proud flesh. 
73  Pork the commendation thereof. 
74  Pigs. 
Ibidem  Peacocks flesh is hot and moist in the first degree. 
77    


Q  QUinces are wholesome. 
●4  Quinces raw hurt. 
Ibidem  Quercula minor, the little Oak, or Germander. 
47  Quails unwholesome. 
78  Quicksilver or Mercury. 
69    


R  Raw herbs. 
9  Read wine corrupteth blood. 
10  Rotten sores helped. 
36  Bellises of jarrow in the Bishopric of Durisme. 
37  Roida healeth the head. 
●●  Rose water and white wine, for all ho●te causes. 
5●  R●ach a Heathen King, found first Camphire. 
68    


S  SOre ears to help them. 
2  Serpigo to help it. 
3  Sweet breaths. 
6  Stinking phlegm, 
7  S●oppyng of the liver. 
8  Sow Thistle the virtue. 
10  Sropping of vomits. 
Ibidem  Sickness in the Lungs. 
Ibidem  Salt water healeth scabs. 
11  Sodden bread not wholesome. 
1●  Sarfettes of Ale and Be●r●. 
12  swellings to help them. 
14  Sweet Prunes be laxative, but tart be binding. 
Ibidem  Scabious for scabs, it taketh the name of the property, the right name is S●oebe or Psora, there be two kinds of it. 
60  Seed augmented. 
70  Sweet Calamus odoratus. 
Ibidem  Sir Thomas Rush Knight. 
20  Sundry names of woodbind, as Periclimenon, because it windeth about the next ●rees and bushes, that it groweth unto. 
21  Satyrus is a beast, having a head like a man, and body like a Goat, and these are named Gods of the Woods, and they first found this herb of U●nus, to stir up carnal lust. 
Ibidem  Sanicle healeth wounds. 
23  Sanicle is good for horse and kyen. 
Ibid.  Staphis Agria Pedicularis, a seed that will kill Lice in Children, & Hawks. 
30  Solanum, nightshade, or the sleeping D●ale. 
Ibidem  Swallow dung will make blind, example of Tobias. 
32  Sheperdes' purse, to stop blood. 
33  Stica●os good for the spleen. 
34  Scalding and burning helped. 
36  Stichwort will heal the stone, and heal wounds. 
37  savin of two kinds. 
Ibidem  Seine helpeth the head, with all the senses. 
38  Sir Richard Alie, his potion, Mathiolus useth the same in Dioscoridem. 
Ibidem  Saintie james wort, called Felon weed. 
38  Spatula will kill Lice. 
Ibidem  Sweet Botris. 
41  Saffron hath many virtues. 
44  Sundry kinds of Spurge, but yet very perilous, the great Spurge and the second excepted, for they be good. 
46  Shift water oftentimes, when Atriplex is sodden. 
47  Saueri● the virtue. 
48  Sweet Musk is pleasant. 
55  Sweet things be good for Mankind, but yet abused of ●outhfull wantoness, are not to be suffered in them 
Ibidem  Sweet Gloves their profit. 
6  Sceptres for kings, and the Heathen Idols of E●enus. 
Ibidem  Sagapen, or Serapinum, a goodly gum. 
60  Sagapen will help the Lungs, and Spleen. 
Ibidem  Scammony is perilous, except it be first prepared. 
62  Suber the Cork, will stop Blood and flux. 
Ibidem  Cinnamon. 
65  Sebesten will help struma. 
66  Sanders do cool the head, and reconcile sleep, and help the Gout, 
67  Sugar the Cane. 
68  Spycknard of Spayn helpeth the brain. 
Ibid  Sundry opinions of Camphire. 
Ibidem  Sulphur, or Brimstone. 
69  Sundry kinds of Roses, all of great virtue. 
Ibidem  Smigma, or Sope. 
70  Soap will kill Tetters, 
Ibidem  Spodium stoppeth blood. 
71  Salt, what it is in virtue. 
Ibidem  Salt hath virtue to warm and dry. 
Ibid.  Salt not good for lean persons. 
Ibidem  Sir John Delavall, a good knight. 
71  Sal Gemmae. 
Ibidem  Sal Armoniac. 
Ibidem  Sal Ammoniac. doth cleanse the skin. 
76  Salt of Ind. 
Ibidem  Sal niter, or Peter, for gun powder. 
Ibidem  Spuma nitri or Barach. 
Ibidem  Salt of Mare mortuum, where as Sodom was. 
Ibidem  Spuma maris. 
72  Spuma maris doth make clean the teeth 
ibi.  Sponge of the sea. 
Ibidem  Sponge good for wounds. 
Ibidem  Sponges new are good, but old are eull. 
ibi.  Sponge stones do break the stone in the reins. 
Ibidem  Saphyrus resisteth poison. 
73  Swine's blood. 
74  Swine of Ind have horns. 
Ibidem  Swans flesh choleric. 
78  Swans s●nge. 
Ibidem  Such meat, such complexion. 
Ibidem  Sea fish wholesomer, than that of the fresh water. 
78  Shell fishes. 
79  Sundry kinds of Cheese. 
80  Stones of the Ox bladder. 
82  Scorpion breaketh the stone. 
84  Sna●les help a●he. 
Ibidem    


T.  THe Arabians call that Nill, which we name Viscum, or Misseltow. 
1  The splenaticke love. 
Ibidem  To increase hair. 
3  To cure Serpigo. 
Ibidem  To cleanse the face. 
Ibidem  The property of a good housewife. 
4  The king of Bees, and his army. 
Ibidem  The juice of Sage, helpeth conception. An Example. 
5  To stop blood running at the mouth how, 
ibi.  To kill the Canker, and quench Robin good fellows Fever. 
5  To cleanse the stomach. 
Ibidem  To break the stone. 
6  To wash feet, 
Ibidem  Two kinds of Fenell. 
Ibidem  To help a moist rheum▪ 
7  To help the sight. 
8  To help the kings evil. 
Ibidem  To make fat. 
Ibidem.  To kill worms, 
Ibidem  To gargarise the head. 
Ibidem  To help the eyes. 
9  To provoke urine. 
Ibidem  To cleanse Leprosy. 
Ibidem  To increase m●lke. 
10  To abate the lust. 
Ibidem  To kill worms. 
Ibidem  To help the colic. 
Ibidem  To make sweet Breath. 
Ibidem  To purge the head. 
Ibidem  To loose the belly. 
Ibidem  To help the sple●● 
Ibidem  The goodly virtues of common water. 
11  The cause ●hy Nilus doth flow. 
Ibidem  The cause of Barnacles▪ 
12  The cause of Crystal. 
Ibidem  The effects of the baths at the town of bath 
Ibidem  The dead sea. 
Ibidem  The mean baked bread the best. 
13  The operation of Pears 
Ibidem  The operation of Apples. 
Ibidem  The operation of Peaches, 
Ibidem  The operation of Quinces. 
14.  The operation of Cherries 
Ibidem  To comfort digestion. 
Ibidem  Two kinds of Al●es, 
Ibidem  To help watery eyes, 
Ibidem  To cleanse choler and f●●ume, 
15  To comfort the heart. 
16  The property of Uinegar. 
Ibidem  To help the Gout. 
17  Theophrastus of Setwall. 
Ibidem  To help the spleen. 
Ibidem  Time can not be called again. 
17  To waste wind in the body. 
Ibidem  To digest cold herbs. 
18  The brain comforted. 
Ibidem  To neese, 
Ibidem  The ●elle woodbind, Smylax. 
19  The virtue of smallage, Lovage, Alexander, Perselle, is to open ● places, which stop Urine, and wind. 
20  The virtues of Perselies. 
Ibidem  To heal a bruise or a fall. 
24  To heal Ringwormes, and Te●ters. 
25  To mo●● swea●e. 
Ibidem  The virtue of Lint oil. 
26  The misery of unthrifts seemeth pleasant. but shame and pain is the end. 
Ibidem  The innocent sometime dieth in the eyes of men, miserable. 
27  The consideration of Hemp in Physic. 
ibi  To help the Lung●s▪ 
Ibidem  The bread and drink of the poor, be the life of the needy: and he that take it away from them, is as a murderer. 
Ibidem  The ol●e Romans were more humble than the new Romans, and late Popes, in keeping names of base titles. 
28  The time ●f Cicero. 
Ibidem  The best Pease pottage. 
Ibidem  Ta●e●. 
Ibidem  Triticum, Wheat▪ or out bread. 
29  To feed on Bran, maketh a man leave, but flower bringeth fatness. 
Ibidem  The very Divines and Dunsmen did never agreed generally. 
Ibidem  The sundry kinds and Natures of Wheat. 
Ibidem  To kill Worms with lupines. 
30  Three kinds of Henbane. 
31  The white Henbane is used in medicine. 
31  The most cold herb, and a poison. 
Ibidem  The death of Socrates was with Wine, and the juice of Humlocke. 
Ibidem  To help him which hath drunk Humlocke. 
Ibidem  Two kinds of Triple grass. 
32  Triple grass hath many virtues, and excelleth against poison. 
Ibidem  To heal wounds and sores. 
33  Tormentill doth grow, and diminish who the vine. 
34  Tormentil keepeth sheep from the rot. 
ibi  To make the urine sweet. 
36  To cleanse the Morphew. 
38  To kill Lice. 
39  To heal wounds. 
Ibidem  To gather ivy Gum. 
Ibidem  To draw teeth without pain. 
Ibidem  To kill broad worms, in the Chest or belly. 
40  The dead Nettle, 
Ibidem  To help the flux. 
41  To help t●e Guts. 
Ibidem  To stop the terms of Women. 
Ibidem  This place proveth not, that Mandrake will help conception, but Mandrake will cleanse the Matrix, or cast forth the dead child from the same; also it will kill the living seed. 
42  The virtues of Mandrake, is to make one sleep. 
Ibidem  To poison wolves and Foxes. 
Ibidem  The best Saffron of this World, where it is. 
44  The sea Thistle, called Eringus, which is so called, because if the Root● be sodden, and conserved with Honey and cloves, it will preserve Nature, or life ●ym up, which is decayed, it may come of erigo, gis, eroxi, to life up, or repair. 
Ibidem  The Boar or carl Thystle, called Chamelaeon. 
44  The Thistle healeth the Pestilence. 
Ibid.  To vomit. 
45  Tithimalus Charatias, or Lathyris is good in medicine, to purge Melancholy, choler, and phlegm. 
46  The greatest Treasure of this World is a quiet mind. 
Ibidem  They which call Rumex with the Golden Sande Mercury, do greatly err. 
47  The Kings Evil. 
Ibidem  To dye the hair. 
Ibidem  To cleanse the stomach. 
48  The oil of calamints, doth warm the body, and is good against the Sciatica. 
ibi.  To heal sores with Brionia. 
49  To cleanse the Face with Brionia. 
Ibidem  To cause urine to pass plentifully. 
52  The difference between Rhubarb, and Rapontike. 
54  The cruelty of the Barbarians, is to burn the Spice trees and plants. 
Ibidem  To comfort the spirits. 
55  The Beast, which giveth Musk is like a Goat: that which bringeth zinet, is like a Cat. 
Ibidem  The blaunching of Musk. 
Ibidem  Two Witches in Suffolk, charmed with Ebenie Beads. 
56  The pox of France. 
57  Three kinds of Guaicum, but the white is most excellent. 
Ibidem  The consideration of Guaicum. 
Ibidem  Three most notable and best Instruments of the common wealth the divine, the lawyer, and the Physician. 
58  The most excellent and best manner to seethe Guaicum in compositions, with other Simples, to cleanse the Pox, from all the members of the body. 
59  The Dia●e for the Pox▪ shortly declared. 
Ibidem  Tartar, made of Wine Lies. 
Ibidem  Terra sigillata stoppeth blood. 
Ibidem  Thus called Frankincense, or Olibanum. 
ibid.  To cleanse Galbanom. 
60  To help the pricking of sinews. 
Ibidem  Three glewes, that is of Beasts skins of fish, and of Cor●e. 
Ibidem  Terebinthus, or Terebintine, hath great virtue to heal. 
61  The virtue of Terebintine. 
Ibidem  The evil craft of subtle Apothicaries, doth mu●ch harm. 
Ibidem  To know good Diagridion. 
Ibidem  To seem young, how to do it. 
62  To purge tender persons. 
Ibidem  To cleanse sore eyes. 
Ibidem  The Que●●e, or Oak tree, will stop the bloody flux, or blood, so will the Bark, Acorns, or leaves, with the cups. 
Ibid.  The Beech tree with ●is fruit, will stop flixes. 
Ibidem  To stop the flux, called Dysenteria, and Tenasmus with Mirtes. 
63  To kill worms in the belly, with Coloquintida. 
Ibidem  To help the teeth, with Coloquintida. 
ibi  Turpit, which purgeth phlegm. 
Ibidem  Tamarinds, or Tamardactylis. 
Ibidem  To help Emeroides. 
Ibidem  Tamariscus is a little tree like Quyckbene. 
Ibidem  Tamarix doth help the Spleen. 
Ibidem  Tamarix against the flux. 
64  The virtue of the Pistac● Nuts. 
Ibidem  To help broken bones. 
65  To help the Spleen. 
Ibidem  To kill Lice. 
Ibidem  To resolve. 
67  To cover a bone with flesh. 
67  Three kinds of Sanders. 
67  The great virtue of Manna, for Mankind. 
68  To cause sleep. 
Ibidem  To stop the whites, and running of the reins. 
Ibidem  To cleanse scabs. 
ibi.  The Rose a friend to the Brain, and eyen. 
Ibidem  The best Roses be in Italy. 
Ibidem  To dry Salt. 
71  The flowing of Salt at Nilus. 
Ibidem  To cleanse sore eyen▪ 
72  To stop Blood. 
Ibidem  The Magarite or Pear●e, ' good in Cordials. 
Ibidem  The Magnet stone. 
73  Tripes. 
74  The Winter Dear, better than the Summer. 
75  The Lungs of the Dear. 
Ibidem  The Powder of the Hare, for the stone. 
Ibidem  The Urchin, or Hedgehog. 
76  The Weasel good against the falling sickness, and Struma, Angina, or swelling of the throat. 
Ibidem  The Fox. 
Ibidem  To help baldness. 
Ibidem 
The Barnacle of Scotland, never layeth Eggs, but are bred only of the Ocean Sea: read Gesnerus de Auibus lib. ii●. 
67    Three things considered in Fish. 
68  Tallow of male beasts, are hotter than 〈◊〉 Female. 
71  To preserve fat, 
72  The providence of God. 
85  Trouble hath so hindered me, that I am constrained presently to stay in this little work. 
Ibidem    


V  Violets be great colours, and to cold for the heart. 
6  Uomits strain the body 
17  Ualerian ma●eth salves of great goodness. 
32  Vrtica the Nettle. 
35  Viola Lutea the yellow Violet, the wall Gillyflower. 
46  Very Gentlemen, springe not by extortion, but by true serving their princes, and living of their own, hurting not their poor neighbours, preferring the favour of the country, before lucre, which is their chief treasure. 
50  Virgil. 
51  Vngula Caballina, Hor shove. 
Ibidem  unguentum Aegiptyacum. 
70    


W  Wormwood hath many virtues. 
2  Welshmennes' drink. 
3  Where plenty of Onions do grow. 
6  UUounds kept from corruption. 
●  UUhyte UUyne. 
10  UUine is an enemy to children. 
Ibidem  UUine imoderately used, comforteth. 
11  What kind of UUater is best, 
Ibidem  UUhyte Popie is the best. 
2●  When Venice first began. 
28  UUheat will degenerate out of kind, that is, from UUheat to Darnell. 
29  Walwort maketh medicine for the Gout, and pains in the joints, 
51  When Ebenus came first to Rome. 
56  What evil hath happened, through the abusing of Guaicum among the Emperikes. 
57  Walnuts against poison, as Mithridates reporteth. 
64  Why hogs are diseased. 
74  William Hilton, letted William Bulloyne to finish his book of healthful medicines. 
79  Whaie the virtue thereof. 
80  Wine Oil, and Bread, God's gifts. 
85    


X  XXX. Leaves of Azarabaccha do serve in infusion, but other ways three, four, or five, do suffice. 
●    


Y  Yellow and Purple fingers. 
4●    
FINIS.   


HEREAFTER ensueth a little dialogue between two men, the one called soreness, and the other Chirurgi, Concerning Apostumations, & wounds their causes, and also their Cures, gathered by William Bulloyne the Author and collector of all these.  
Dialogues, contained within this Book Very profitable for every Reader, and true observer of them.  
And first beginneth the Sore Man to speak, as Followeth,  
(:)  
1579:    

A LITTLE DIALOGUE Between Soarenes, and Chirurgi.  Soarenes. 
NOw our old Friends have done all their long talk. very profitable to each other, & also to as many as have heard them▪ I trust we shall spend the time to the like effect, with no less profit, than Marcellus and Hilarius, which had comfort in seeking forth the sweet flowers of sundry shapes in the field, to their no small delight, all this last Summer. But now the hoary, stormy, dark Winter weather approacheth near, as Persius saith: Admovit iam bruma foco te Basse Sabino. Bassus, cold Winter doth draw thee to the fire, in the Mountain called Sabinus, saith he. Cold weather saith he, draweth near, Flora is fled, Boreas, pierceth, and causeth all beasts to tremble, bereaving them of their pleasant Summer shrouds, under the sweet leaves of green Trees. The Earth is new covered with white Snows, hard craking Ice, 
Sabius a famous Mountain in Italy Flora a Gods of Flowers a harlot of Rome. Borias the North-east wind  and hoary frosts. Birds do quiver and quake, lurking in the holes of Rocks and old Barns, for their relief. The Beasts with slender empty bellies and cold trembling Carcases, do cluster in flocks, or shroud themselves under the naked Bushes, with their faces from the fierce winds. These short Days, and long nights, 'cause both man and beast to draw together in warm places, and close houses, now the poor Bees, if they laboured well in Summer, have their close sweet delights in warm Hives in winter. Thus doth Nature give providence to sundry creatures, to foresee dangers to come, as hunger, cold, storm. Furthermore, God & Nature, have from the beginning, taught both man and beast, not only to relieve themselves in health, but in the time of sickness, and Soarnes: each of them are taught how to correct, stop, & purge such humours, as do offend nature.  
Thus man artificially, and beasts naturally, have a wondered providence, whereby the glory of our Lord, and God doth appear of no small Majesty, and divine power: which prepared his insensible creatures, as Man, Beast, Fish, Foule, Serpents. etc. And one of them to be both meat and medicine for an other. His name be praised therefore. Amen.  Chirurgi. 
HOw beit good brother you have reverently spoken, of the Divine providence. I perceive you did hear and mark well, what end our good friend Hilarius made, Praising God with the holy Prophet David. Psal ciii.  Soarenes. 
YE forsooth, although I be sore in body, yet I trust to begin with good comfort, with a pleasant Comodye, and not end in a fearful Tragidye, 
Tragedies begin ever evil & end the same.  For I have hard say in the writing of the holy evangel, which reporteth from the mouth of God, saying: before all things seek the kingdom of God, and then shall all things be given unto you. If all things shallbe given unto them, which pray unto God, than shall comfort be given to the Careful, 
First seek God's kingdom.  Bread to the hungry, liberty to the thrall. And finally health to the Sick, and Soar. etc. As example, Christ gave health unto the Lepers, Lame, Blind, etc. Even so I trust, being a soar Body, to be relieved at the mighty hands of God, or through him, by his cunning ministers, among whom you are one, which have done many happy Cures, as I have heard. Well, say further, we have present occasion, and time convenient given unto both: you, to warn you labour continually, and I again for health, patiently to suffer and learn some wholesome doctrine, for my relief. For if the Builders of Houses, wherein our Bodies be shrouded, be not to be sorborne: much less the repairers of the Bodies of men, wherein the Soul remaineth, can be spared when either Wound, soar, Botch, or such like assaulteth our mortal mansion of the body. To conclude with you I will, following all this short Winter's day, in the warm house, to demand questions as well as I can, for my health and learning.  Chirurgi. 
Say on your mind a God's blessing.  Soarnes 
FOr that I never did Drink upon the sweet Fludde, or Well Spring of Philosophy, in my tender years: neither have slept under the noble Mountain, and sweet two topped Hill, called Pernasus, Further, I did never slumber, or forgot myself, through Golden Sleapes upon Helicon that Noble high Hill, and pleasant place, where sometime the nine Muses, gave forth their Sacred gifts. But rather I have Drunk and Bybbed upon the cold severus flood of the pale Water called Perenne: 
Ignorance.  and washed myself in the Dark Streams, of the forgetful Hellish Broke Lethe in Clean forgetfulness. Therefore to say the truth of myself, my sore Body and doltish Brain, can receive but small health, & Comfort, except it shall please thee, gently to hear me: For courtesy is a goodly School masters, 
Curtas●e.  and Comfortable are sweet Cordials, and wholesome salves: and bitter▪ words, are biting corrosives, to feeble Minds.  Chirurgi. 
YOu say the truth. Even so, soft Chirurgeons make foul sores▪ sweet words are pleasant to Women and young Children: 
Soft Chirurgeons make foul sores.  but plain true tales, ought to be among Men of knowledge, without curious Cyrcumstaunce, or Rhetorical colours.  
Therefore go to your matter, the day is cold and short, the time passeth speedily away, and can never come again.  Soarenes. 
FOrsooth that is most certain: therefore let us spend the time well. For my part I would know how to heal my sores which you do see here present before and behind.  
 
 Chirurgi. 
I see them very well, and I trust by God's grace t to teach you those things, which I have learned myself of others▪ for cure  Soarn●● 
WHat men of credit, both old, and new, have written of this most worthy Art, of the hand craft of Chirurgi, or means thereunto, show me some of their names, for to encourage me to love this said Arte.  Chirurgi. 
I Shall call to mind, and note with Pen, a number of worthy men, both old and new, Heathen and Christians, strangers, and Englishmen although a great number whom I know not in this realm, which be worthy persons, and cunning men, profitable to our common wealth. As the most worthy Fraternity of the Chirurgeons, of the most ancient and famous City of London: whereas through learned Lectours, and the Secret Anothomies, by, and through the learned doctor, M. john Kaius, revealing unto this Fraternity, the hidden jewels, 
Doctor Turner.  and precious treasures of CL. Galenus showing himself to be the .2. Linacer, whose steps he followeth.  
Who shall forget the most worthy Doctor William Turner? 
Doctor Kaiu●.  whose learned acts, I leave to the witty commendations, and immortal praise of Conradus Gesnerus. Yet his Book of Herbs, will always grow green, & never whither, as long as Dioscorides is had in Mind, among us mortal wights. The noble estate of knights, among the English or British nation, which of them did ever in ra●e, give a trip, out run, or win the victory of sir Thomas Eliot knight? who hath planted such fruitful trees that his grafts do grow in each place in this our common wealth, and his castle of health, cannot decay. 
Sir Thomas Eliot knight   
Thomas Fair Doctor of Physic is not dead but is transformed and changed into a new nature immortal: 
Thomas Fair Doctor  he hath left a piece of dark earth behind him, and gone over Lethe's flood, forgetting this world, and with pleasure spendeth the time among the heavenly Muses under the two topped Hil of Parnassus. Full well he knew Plini which taught the goodness of clean creatures, and also the pestiferous venom of deadly Melancholy Serpents, and their present remedy by the virtues of herbs of sundry kinds.  
Doctor Androw Board, wrote also well of Physic, to profit the common wealth withal. 
Doctor andrew Borde did see at Rome, no order, gnashing of teeth, dwelling in wretchedness Thomas Panel.  This man declared how he was in a great city where he did see three hellish Tragedies: the one was Nullus ordo, the second was Stridor Dentium, the third was Horror inhabitans, & yet this Board was a bird of this nest or Cage, called Rome, whereof he maketh this report. I will not forget M. Thomas Paguinellus, or Panel, who hath played the good servant, to the common wealth▪ in translating good books of Physic.  
Doctor William Kunyngham hath well travailed, like a good soldier against the ignorant enemy: setting forth the commendation, praise▪ & profit of Astronomy, Cosmography, and Geographye, etc.  
How well was he▪ seen in tongues, learned in Arts and in Sciences, Natural and moral. A father in Physic, 
Doctor william Kuninghan  whose Learning gave liberty to the ignorant, with his Whetstone of wit, Castle of knowledge and finally giving place to sliding nature, died himself in bondage, or prison. By which death he was delivered and made free, & yet liveth in the happy land among the Laureate learned, his name was Doctor Record, with many other, which I must give place to time. For their virtues be not unknown in Physic, & Chirurgi, although I name them not. Yet if thou do further delight. without disdain to know the names of them which have been execellent in the worthy art of Chirurgi, Physic. etc. I will declare their names in order as I have noted and known. As following hereafter by letters. 

Achilles.  
Aesculapius.  
Aetius.  
Aggregator.  
Augustinus Doct. Medic.  
Albucasis Mahometan.  
Alexander Aphrodisiensis.  
Alexander Benedictus Veronensis  
Alphonsus Servius Neopolitanus.  
Amatus Lusitanus.  
Antonius Fumanellus.  
Aristoteles Philos. Princeps.  
Arcagathus Peloponensis.  
Auicenna. lib. iiij. Fen. seven.  
Arnoldus de Villa Nova Comen.  
Aurelius Cornelius Celsus.  
Albertus' magnus.   

B.  
Bartholomeus de proprietatibus rerum.  
Bartholomeus Montognan.  
Bartleus Doc. Medi.  
Bunus Doc. Medi. Cant.  
Buttus Doct. Medi.   

C.  
C. Plinius secundus.  
Cassius jatrosophista.  
Chiron.  
CL. Galenus.  
Conradus Gesnerus.  
Constantius Cataplasmatis.  
Carrus Doct Medic.  
Clemens. Doct. Medic.  
Calduellus Medicus Doct. Oxo.  
Chamberus Doct. Medic.   

D.  
Damocrates.  
Damoxine.  
Diocles.   

E.  
Eucharius.  
Euelpistus.  
Euonimus.  
Edwardus Medicus Doct. Cant.  
Edmundus Chirurgus Ebor.   

G.  
Gariopontius.  
Gorgias.  
Genus Medic. Doct Oxo.  
Guido Caliacus.  
Gulielmus Placentius.  
Gulielmus Turnerus Medic. Doc. Cant.  
Gulielmus Variginanus.  
Gulielmus Kunynghamus Medic. Doct.  
Galus Chirurg. Lon.   

H.  
Hatcherus. Medic. Doct. Cant.  
Helyodorus.  
Heraclides Laurentius.  
Heraclius.  
Hera Cappedoc.  
Hyeron.  
Hyeronimus Bruns.  
Hieronimus Cardanus.  
Hippocrates. Cous. Princ. Medicorum.  
Hugo.  
Huycus Medic. Doc.   

I.  
jacobus Hollerius.  
jacobus Ruffius.  
joannes Kayus Medic. Doct. Cant.  
joannes Almanner.  
joannes Baverius  
joannes Barnardus.  
joannes Frerus Doct. Medic. Cant.  
joannus Manardus.  
joannes Tagaultius  
joannes Vigo Genuensis.  
joannes Porterus Norwic.  
Hilius. id. est Albanus. Montanus Doc. me.   

L.  
Lucas Euangel. Medic.  
Linacrus Doctor medic.  
Lanfrancus Mediolanensis.  
Leonardus Bareapalia.  
Leonardus Fuchsius  
Ludovicus Bonaciolus▪  
Ludovicus Caelius.  
Langtonus Doct. Medic. Canta.  
Lorkinus Doct. Medic. Can.   

M  
Machaon.  
Mantias.  
Martianus Corinbekus Docto. Medic.  
Marianus Chirurgus.  
Meges Chirurgus.  
Michael Angelus Blondus.  
Masterus Doct. Medic.  
Montanus   

N.  
Nicolaus Massa.  
Nicolaus Myrepsi.  
Nicolaus Pol.   

O.  
Oribasius  
Otho Brunfelsius.   

P.  
Podalyrius.  
Paulus Aegineta  
Petrus Andraeas Matthiolus.  
Petrus Tolenus.  
Philopenus.   

Q.  
Querenus.   

R  
Rasis.  
Rogerus.  
Rolandus Capellatus.  
Robertus Balthropus Chirurgus.   

S.  
Sebastianus Aquilanus.  
Socrates Chirurgus.  
Soranus.  
Sostratus.  
Simon Ludfordus Doct. Medic. Oxo.   

T  
Tertius Damianus.  
Theodorus Epist.  
Theodorus Priscianus.  
Theophrastus' Paraselsus.  
Thomas Eliota Eques Angl.  
Thomas Philologus Raven.  
Thomas Colphus Pharmacopulus Ang.  
Tryphon.   

V  
Vidus Vidius Florent.  
Wendius Medic. Doct. Cant  
Vickarius Chirurgus Lon.   And thus I do end of the names of many men, besides no small number of them, which have, and do profess this worthy Art, both of Physic, & Chirurgi, to the great profit of each common wealth.  Soarenes. 
Why do you rather call Surgery an Art, than a Science? which I take it to be.  Chirurgi 
BBecause it taketh the name of a Greek Noun, call- Chir, an hand in English, and ●rgon ministry, 
What is called Chirurgia.  and although both together called Chirurgia or hand mystery should be rather hand craft, and not a Science: and this is my probation of this definition. For there be two kinds of Chirurgi, the first is Theorica, which is the mother Scholemistres, nourish, and Learner of this profitable Art, without the which the workers thereof, have but one eye, and see this Art But through a dark pair of Spectacles.  
The second and last part is called Practica, which is to put in ure, that which Theorica hath learned him, 
Two kinds of Chirurgia.  although Practica be very ancient, and to some men fortunate, for healing is the singular gift of God, as the Apostle saith. Yet the former called Theorica, is reckoned a science, how be it unprofitably, and by time usurped. Also the last named Practica, I mean not as the common people do term every tryfeler, or light does, to be a practitioner, that is able to separate the qualities of ointments, and to decern perfectly of Herbs, Gums, stones, trees, fruits etc. And to compound simples together, through knowledge, judgement, and quick invention. For compounded ointments make plasters, and aleie Cerotes, according as it is seen in the worthy works of Nicolaus, Valerius Cordus, Leonardus Fuchsius. etc. And when the bodies of their pacientes, be sore or sick, than the practitioner must minister, and the medicine must take his effect, with nature, and God to give the health, through his good instrument, whom the ancient Learned Men do term, the artificial Chirurgeon to whom great reverence was given, and such Men were in great estimation sometime, but now not very much.  Soarnes 
WHat is then the cause, that so many Chirurgeons now a days be despised, and live so basely and are counted the abjects of the common people if the Chirurgeons should so be honoured, as thou fayste they should be, being repairers of decayed men?  Chirurgi. 
repairers? Not, rather destroyers, marrers, and manglers of the bodies of men, women, and children: and these men lack not only learning, 
An ignorant Surgeon is a man ●lear.  and knowledge, but also wit, & honesty, through whose wickedness, the ancient practitioners and sober doers in Chirurgi, be greatly abused among the common people: as commonly we see the good men are despised, through the light behaviour of the wicked. For under the name of Chirurgi, many young men, live in the Saintuarie of Idleness, forsaking their own handy craft: 
Chirurgi is become a Sanctuary.  and many crafty varlets, committing sundry crimes, eftsoons they do flee into strange countries, wandering up and down. And what be their shifts? Marry, to buy some gross stuff, with a box of Salve, and cases of tools, to set forth their slender market with all: For Dogleeches and Tinkers shall have work in every village. Then fall they to Palmistry, 
Of Uacabond Chirurgeons worse than thieves. Linx can serve best of a●y creature, and his urine. will turn into a stone H●im.  and telling of Fortunes, daily deceiving the simple: like unto the swarms of the vagabond Egyptians, and some that call themselves jews, whose eyes were so sharp as Lynx, for they see all the people with their knacks, strange looks, pricks, domifying and figuring with such like fantasies feigning that they have familiars & Glasses, where by they may find things that be lost, and besides them are infinite of old doltish witches, with blessings for the Fair and conjuring of cattle: And that is the cause that so much idleness & infidelity is practised, in this evil, estate. Of land lepers, and many simple inhabitors, worse than the subtle Limetours and begging Freers', which deceived many thorough Ipocrisye: & more hurtful than the crafty Pardoners, 
The soldier is hurt more by an evil Surgeon, than by his enemies weapons often it is so proved.  which preached remission of sins in every Parish church, with bells and Pardons from Rome. These be worse than vagabond Beggars, robbing the people, and more hurtful than private murderers, in killing men, for lack of knowledge, and in wars oftentimes, the good Souldioure is cast away sooner, through the villayny of such Chirurgeons, than by the weapon, and hand of the Enemy. And this is a lamentable, and most pitiful case, and hurtful to the common wealth: but forasmuch as mankind being the principal Creature of Amighty god the Angels excepted, 
The miseries of man, when he is hurt in body.  which do daily behold the presence of his majesty is so excellent a thing, yet this mankind, through daily casualtyes and mishaps, eftsoons is hurt with faults, bruised with stripes, pricked with Spear or Dagger, wounded with Weapon, burnt with fire, bitten with mad Dogs, 
Many god medicines are made of the Plain people, to help in the absence of the Chirurgeons.  whereby his body standeth in daily danger and peril of Death. Therefore poor brother Soarenes, like as I do here discover these rabelment of Minerva's Servants, which live only by theft, yet God forfend, but in the absence of the learned Chirurgeon, the wholesome medicines, prepared of good people, and charitable neighbours, should be greatly preferred, to help in such cases, when time, place, and danger do require, or else a great number should be cast away for lack of help. Where as many for lack of wit and wealth, of these Dog leeches, 
Dog Leeches.  which never knew letter of book, behave themselves daily as followeth, with their consorted fellows as, I have written in plain gross words following, 
SOme men in misery strange shifts will make,  
Spending time vainly, and labour forsake:  
To live like Lurchers, what force they of shame,  
Preferring knavish knacks before a g●od name.  
In countenances haut, and netnesse of clotheses,  
Roisting like Ruffians, thundering forth oaths:  
Furderers of Frays, with long Dagger or Sword,  
Sowing of dissension, at each man's board.  
carriers of news, proclaimers of lies,  
Livers by Lechery, blood sucker, and spies.  
brainless as brute beasts, and Furious fell,  
Like Pluto's whelps, trained up in Hell. 
The description of an unchrist, or a U●●layn of nature striving against grace▪ and virtue, unprofitable for ● common wealth.   
Murcia doth teach them, no la●our to use,  
But slothful to live, and virtue refuse.  
Lavernia thieves Gods, all days of their lives  
Arm them with horned thumbs, and fine sharp knives  
In Church, Play, or Market, they hunt for the purse,  
And Preach often on Pillory, their Ears are the worse  
Their thumbs be blanched, with a. T from the fire,  
Such woke as the use, so paid is their hire.  
Dame Paena with Paleness, that Lady of need,  
Bringeth men into misery, and evil for to speed.  
Then are they make shifts, deceivers of other,  
Small forcing to rob, friend, father, or brother.  
To each wind that bloweth, the thief sets his sail,  
As careless as the Fox, which waggeth his tail.  
Not forcing who see him, in running to his borough,  
Though hounds him hunteth all the covert through,  
When he hath most curses, then fareth he best,  
When spent is his spoil, he taketh his rest.  
Then eftsoons he searcheth, holtes, fells, woods & fens,  
For ravening of Lambs, and stealing of Hens.  
Thus lurketh wily Raynerd, with out any care,  
But th'end of his progress, is the gallow and snare▪  
Such Foxely feats are used, among a great number.  
To the public weal, much loss and cumber.  
Moore hurtless than fat Monks, & Friars of deceit,  
Which lived in Idolatry, but had plenty of meat.  
To give to the poor, that had hunger and need,  
But the Ruffian will rob, meat, money, and weed.  
And under long cloak lurketh, with tuck & sharp knife  
For golds sake the gitles, to reave them of life.  
Thus hurting the innocent that travel with truth,  
To suffer such villains, it is a great ruth.  
Not more than Thistel, which choketh the Corne.  
Great pity if it please God, such wretches were borne.  

Evil parents what fruits they bring forth, and to what end they come.  Their parents do fancy them, like relics & hallows  
And will never correct them, till they climb the gallows  
To no learning nor art▪ they train them up in youth,  
But in idleness and picking, with tales of untruth,  
In horehunting, beastliness, and belly joy of life,  
In backbiting and bawdry, defiling maid, and wife.  
Yet parents your tender branches, easily you may twist,  
But when it hath great strength, you cannot when you list.  
Then in striving for victory, it is no great wonder  
Old boughs will not bend, but first crack asunder.  
Yet instruct your children so, while youthful days do last  
That they may serve the common weal, when you are gone & passed  
Then shall they be no brokers, to usurers hands,  
Whereby many often do loose their goods and lands.  
Neither to be petty Foggers, in cases of the Law,  
To make mountains of Molhils, & trees of a straw.  
Or oppressors of poremen, with writs in their bags,  
Cloth themselves like Princes, when other lurk in rags▪  
Then shall they not be Parasites, in time of prosperity,  
But secure the helpless, in the storms of adversity.  

For counterfeit Chirurgeons.  Neither shall the ignorant, counterfeit Chirurgy,  
Seeming to the simple number they are seen in Astronomi.  
With flattering words, and trim tales, glossings they can tell,  
As though in natural Philosophy, they were seen full well.  
With retrogradation, and Lord of the ascendent,  
Plasters, Oils, Powders, Salves, and matter defendant.  
In seeming to be skilful, in every evil malady,  
Whether it be moist, cold, burning, hot and dry.  
Yet neither read Tagaltius, Marianus, Guido, nor Galen,  
Old Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Rasis, nor Avicen.  
Latin nor English, little or none, do they reed,  
Small is their knowledge, much less is their speed.  
Yet lack they no Brimstone, Quicksilver, or Litarge,  
Oils gross and loathsome, to bear out the charge.  
They have Palmistry, and Charms, at each wights desire,  
Good store of blessings, for toothache, and saint Antony's fire.  
If young Babes through Fevers, with cold be shaken,  
Then they say an evil spirit, the child hath taken.  
A bad Angel of the air, an Elf, or a witch,  
When in deed, dear friend, there be few sitch  
To molest the faithful, to bring them to confusion,  
But to the infidel and faithless, it is Satan's delusion,  
Wrought by his instruments, Loiterers, and Liars,  
Worse than the valiant beggars, and mendicant Friars.  
Murderers of mankind, in knowing of no art,  
Banish them from Chirurgi, commend them to the Cart,  
To the flail and the rake, the trace and the tog,  
To the dung fork, & mattock, to the Sheephoke & the dog,  
To the Awl and the Lingel, the Bristel, and the Shoe,  
What should the Shoemaker, with the Chirurgeons works do?  
For it is the noblest work, wrought by cunning hand,  
Excelling all other arts, in each City, and Land.  
If Princes be wounded, when noble men are sore, 
The virtue of Chirurgy.   
The Chirurgen them helpeth, of Chirurgeons what more?  
When bones are broken, and members displaced,  
When the features of the face, with weapon be disgrased,  
When blood is shed, in cutting of the veins,  
The Chirurgeon alone, helpeth him from pains,  
Repaireth mankind, and giveth him rest,  
So of all knowledge, Chyrurgi is most best.  
For no treasure or art, can help the wounded man,  
When the Chirurgeon, by his cunning only can.  
Now let this rhyme pass, Gond sand us of his grace,  
Ask an other question, I will answer to that place.   soreness. 
GOD give me grace, to beware of such fellows, as you have spoken of before, which are an evil company: and that I might learn what a very Chirurgeon should be, which in your conclusion, you have commended, and what things he should do in his office.  Chirurgi. 
He must begin first in youth with good learning, and exercise in this noble art, 
Eight things or properties of a good Chirurgeon.  he also must be cleanly, nimble handed, sharp sighted, pregnant witted, bold spirited, cleanly appareled, pitiful hearted, but not Womanly affectionated to weep or trimble, when he seeth broken Bones, or bloody Wounds, neither must he give place to the cry of his soar Patient, for soft Chirurgeons maketh fowl sores. Of the other side, he may not play the parts of a Butcher to cut, rend, or tear the body of man kind. For although it be frail, soar, and weak, yet it is the pleasure of God, to call it his Temple, his Instrument, and dwelling place, & the Philosopher doth call it Orbiculus, that is, a little world. Therefore seeing every crafts man doth take great care, both day and night in his vocation, to help and amend dead things, which be insensible, as ships, houses, Walls, bridges, and an infinite number of things, which mankind doth make, and when it is old, doth renew it, and preserve it from ruin, and utter destruction, although it be not perdurable: Should not therefore mankind himself, 
The Chirurgeon is the best hand craft in the world.  for his reward, be diligently cured, amended and renewed, when either through fall, wound, or stripe he is decayed, and that with wisdom, and diligence? for when a house is fallen down the Carpenter may build it up again. But when mankind departeth, desolueth, and dieth, he cannot be revived again, by the policy or cunning of mankind, 
job. 14.  because one mankind, cannot make an other, but rather through art, when they be decayed, help to amend them, through the work of nature, 
The Chirurgeon, is nature's servant.  and the ministration of the Physician: for Claudius Galen saith, that Natura est ope●atrix, Medicus vero eius minister. That is, nature is the worker the Physician is but her minister. Therefore the chirurgical Physician, is Nature's servant.  soreness. 
What then doth Nature work in Chirurgj?  Chirurgi. 

Nature worketh three ways to help herself.  NAture worketh three manner of ways, by the reason that convenient instruments and means are applied in the time of need, to help her. For first she divideth the things that are contained, or unnaturally knit together. Secondly, she uniteth, knitteth, and joineth together, 
The strength of nature.  the separated parts. Thirdly, she expulseth, purgeth, and cleanseth superfluous matter, that doth abound, or offend nature.  soreness. 
Then it should appear, that nature needs no Chirurgj?  Chirurgi. 

Nature must be relieved by sundry means in the time of danger.  YEs. Nature in the time of soreness, can no more be without the Chirurgeon, than the Smith can be without his hammer, or the Tailor without his Shears: and as I have said before, although you seem to be forgetful, yet let the Chirurgeon be diligent, if he love to be clothed with honesty, to live virtuously, and to do things artificially, and not to give quid, pro quo, Chalk for Cheese, or Dirt for Drink: for if they so do, if it springeth of ignorance, than they are worthy to be punished, and after to be reform. But if they be Men of knowledge, & thus abuse their Patients, they are worthy to be punished, as malicious murderers: but here I stop and lay a straw, I will meddle with no matters of the Law, I am no judge, although it be good and the chief Regiment, of our common wealth, yet I have received as small profit by layers, and unquiet men, as wounded men get perfit health, by ignorant Chirurgeons, or quiet Men, lead happy lives with angry wives, for whom there is no remedy, but patience perforce, quod Socrares, to Xantippa.  soreness. 
IS your name Chirurgj? Me think by your talk, you have a domestical grief, how help ye yourself, when your Fever taketh you, you bear out the matter as well as you can.  Chirurgi. 
IF I be diseased of any such Fever, I do not intent to seek counsel at your hands, neither of Hypocrates, nor Galen. etc. But only of Diogenes, which loved to be alone, & Socrates was taught patience: but to conclude, no man knoweth the grief of a straight shoe, but the Wearer thereof: but for asmutch as many Hands make light Work, and many shoulders pass small of great burdens, I care the lesser, having so many partners. The remedy is this, when storms be past, fair Wether cometh at last.  soreness. 
WEll, well, seek a salve for that sore, I can no skill of your disease, God wot, much less to help mine own grief. I pray thee therefore help us both, yet by your leave although you be called Chirugj, or Sanitas, yet I do consider, that there is no continual sanite of body, or perfect quietness of mind, during this Life of mortal men For if a man would descend down into his own conscience, and see himself within, he shall easily perceive, the words written of saint job the .18. Chapter in his most lamentable and pitiful Book: saith he, a man that is borne of a Woman, liveth but a short time, and is filled full of misery, and cometh up and falleth away like a Flower, 
Man is but miserable, & yet is quickly gone.  and in the end passeth away like a shadow, and never continueth in one estate. For truly we daily see, adversity followeth Prosperity, bondage after liberty, poverty after riches, sickness after health, beside an infinite number of the passions, & afflictions of the mind. As zeal, strife, jealousy, love, joy, care. etc. And as the wise man saith, Omnia tempus habent, all things have their time. And God hath given affliction to the children of men, to be exercised in them among whom, I for my sins am plagued with this kind of malady, as thou seest me have: I beseech God of his mercy, sand me health, and as many as are soar.  Chirurgi. 
Thou hast spoken wisely, for all thing is in vain, where God doth not put to his helping hand, and by his Prophet he saith, 
Psalm. 50.  call upon me in the time of trouble, and I will help thee, make thee whole, and deliver thee. Behold, how many Lepers, sick of Palsyes, bloody Flixes, 
Matth. 11.  blindness, deafness, possessed of evil spirits, yea. & death itself, all these hath God helped, restored, and made perfect: for there is Tempus occidendi, and Tempus sanandi with God, 
Eccle. 3  for he is ever occupied, either in punishing the wicked, or comforting of his elected.  soreness. 
WOuld GOD, there were such miracles now a days, as was then. It were a great comfort to an infinite number of such as I am, 
Chryst is not covetous.  neither should it be painful, nor costly, for Chryst coveteth no money, although Simon magus delighted in nothing else.  Chirurgi. 
soreness, soreness, Thou sayest not well, for it is rather a tempting of GOD, 
A faithful man believeth without miracle, for faith is not seen, but miracles are seen.  than a believing in GOD, to look or wish for Miracles, for faithful Men need none. And I trust thou art faithful, therefore thou needest no Miracle: but rather consider this, christ healed the bodies of sick men, two manner of ways: the one by virtue of his Heavenly word, whereby we be taught that he is God. The second, he healed sometime with Clay, with spittle. etc. wherein we be learned, and he also hath learned us, in the time of our soreness, prudently to use God's Instruments, 
Two manner of healings.  and means, yea, not with Clay, or Spittle, yet with precious Herbs, Fruits, Gums. etc. For GOD hath ordained them only to help his people, to this end, that his people might serve him. Tobias healed his father's Eyes, with the Gaul of a Fish, an Angel prepared the Medicine. Ezechias the King in the time of his Pestilence, was healed with a cluster of Figs, 
Esay. 38.4. Regum. 20  The great Prophet Esay, gave him this Medicine. Eliseus did cleanse through the virtue of a sweet tree, the foul stinking Waters. Christ in the Gospel, commandeth the Apostles to carry Oil with them, to heal the sick. S. Luke the holy Evangelist was a Physician, 
Luke.  and some of the antiquities of his Physic, remain unto this day. It is said also that holy Esdras made a goodly Medicine, when the people were in captivity in Babylon, to cleanse them from their Melancholy, and heaviness of mind, which Medicine is called after his name unto this day: These and such like examples soreness, should move thee to use these means to help thee.  soreness. 
I Heartily thank you, I shall by God's grace, observe your sayings. and use Gods Instruments reverently, by whose means we poor Men be healed. And sometime the rich Infidels, still tormented with sores. etc.  Chirurgi. 
Even so be rich also, for sickness, as we do daily see, doth not particularly devil in poor men, but rather generally in all, although the kinds of sickness be variable, & the Complexions divers, & the causes many, and every sickness, and soreness, have his proper name, although men, either through ignorance, shame, or craft do abuse their names, 
Men do use pretty terms for soul ●ores and call them by one name, when they are an other,  although the effect do still remain, as in cleanly terms by your licence, they will call it nothing else, but a sausy flemed Face, read or high coloured, when many times in deed, it is not only so, but the very Leprosy with all. It is nothing say they, but breaking out, or pains of the body, weakness of Limbs, or a green sickness, through the obstruction of the liver. etc. with such nick names, whose very sure name is, the Buttens of Naples, Gallicus morbus, commonly called the French pox.  soreness. 
Hitherto yet stand I in doubt, although I be pained, how to name truly my disease I cannot, although of itself it be definable, felt of me, and seen to us both, & known only to thee, what think you it is, I pray you tell me?  Chirurgi. 
It is none other than apostumation, as it doth plainly appear to me.  soreness. 
Then I pray you, give me a definition, and division, of an apostumation.  Chirurgi. 
Apostumation is a very evil disease, compounded of three kinds of maladies, gathered, 
Apostumation is compounded of three sundry evils.  and growing together in one quantity, first of an evil Complexion: Secondly a naughty composition: And thirdly, the continuance of tyme. These three make an apostumation, or swelling within or without the body, notwithstanding, as Galen saith, not all kind of swellings make apostumations, but such only as annoy the body, and the root thereof is the corruption of the four temperaments, when they be altered, and changed into phlegm, Blood, Choler, & Melancholy, through them the shape of a member is altered, 
Breach of continuance is, when the whole parts are cut, or broken.  when it is changed from his natural form, into any strange, or deformed figure. Also the breach of continuance, is caused through incitions, corosians, breaking, or strecching, as Galen saith, in the second de arte medendi, nevertheless the chief cause is through stretching, whereby the parts of the body be severed one from an other, and this is my conclusion of this definition.  soreness. 
How many kinds of apostumations be there?  Chirurgi. 
THere be two, the one is hot, and the other cold, 
Three kinds of Apostumations, hot, and cold.  for every apostumation is hot or cold, touching their humour: but accidentally they be diversly hot, as Galen saith the hot have their proper signs, to be known by, even so have the cold, whereby he perceived. Apostumations, wherein is boiling, and burning, with continual heat, are judged to come of blood, or Choleric humour, even so judge them of Melancholy, or phlegm, when they seem to be cold, Pale, 
How to know Apostumation.  deaddishe, or partly not felt, and thus thou shalt perceive their kinds, and although they be named a like, yet they differ one from another in cure, as they do in complexion. Moreover, the apostumation of blood, hath great swelling and heat over all the body, and is seldom seen without some Fever, & the colour is a dim dark read, also hardness, if you press it with your finger, because so much matter, is gathered grossly in the place. The pulses will beaten very soar, the matter being ouerladen, will keep down the artery, & therefore nature attempting to rease and lift up the same, will 'cause great beating in the veins, wherefore the more arteries be kept down, the greater is the labour, and beating of the Pulses, after which, sometime followeth such dolour and pain, that all the parts of the body come to destruction, 
The abundance of blood in the apostumation.  as oftentimes in hot evil complexions, where evil matter is heaped together in apostumation. That in fine, repletion, and tention, of all the course of the veins do come, for all the veins in the said apostumation, by the means of the abundance of blood, will swell and become great, although before, they were right, straight, clean, yea, & some as small as hairs, and these be the apostumations of blood.  soreness. 
What sayest thou then, of them that be choleric?  Chirurgi. 

The cruelty of the choleric apostumation, but the bloody apostumation is gentler.  Apostumations choleric, be gentler as touching their swelling, but they do excel more in pain, and be far crueler, because of sharpness, and biting of the humour, with bitterness, & dryness of Choler, whereas bloody apostumations, although they do swell through moistness, yet the same humidite or moistness, causeth the soar to be more gentler, and of lesser pain than the choleric, for they be two contraries, as Aristotle saith in his Book of generation, and corruption, Ignis qui est in ultimo continentis, non est in fine ebullitionis, and in another place he saith, 
Of contraries of elements.  Elementa omnia adinuicem contrarietatem habent, and that is well said, for heat is an extreme contrary to cold, so is moistness to dryness, & more pain in the one apostumation, than in the other.  soreness. 
What be apostumations in quantity, which of them be greatest, and which of them be lest, I would fain know, good Chirurgj?  Chirurgi. 

The quantity of the apostumations.  AS touching their quantities, know you, that the choleric, is less than any other, by the reason of his dryness, and heat, which restraineth extension, but the accident of the pain, is most cruel and sharp, and these be destroying qualities in this quantity, what time they are come to the extreme degree of heat: but apostumations, depending of cold humours, such will bring their own proper signs, beating of arteries, notwithstanding they be not comparable to the beating of a choleric, or a bloody apostumation but more duller, colder, paler. etc. You must also note, that apostumations that spring of blood, 
Sundry names of apostumations, but in effect are but apostumations.  or Choler, be diversly termed by sundry names, as Botches, Shingelles, Fellones, Pushes, Uncomes, saint Anthony's fire, blains, Bladders, or Blisters, crusts Carbuncles, Pestilent sores. etc. even so on the other side, apostumations of phlegm, or Melancholy, have joined unto them these names, as undimies, knots, wounds, Carnelles, Wrates, Cankers, Esthachelles, with such like evils of mortification, in their beginning, and be all called apostumations, but when they be grown to a ripeness, and do break forth, then call them ulcers, specially if the matter proceed to the breach of continuance. Also apostumations are soars compounded, and stand not in one humour alone, yet oftentimes we say simply, that every one of them, springeth of one humour, heat, cold, moist, or dry, of whom in deed they do take their names, as Aristotle judgeth in his Naturals, as where blood is excessive, 
Soars compounded.  it is called a Bubo, or a Sanguine botch, and where as Choler doth abound, it is called a Choleric malady. And so of the Phlegmatic, and Melancholy the like, according to their natures.  soreness. 
HItherto I have heard, but only the definitions of the names, or natures of apostumations, but me think to talk of the cures, were more profitable, for only unto that end, do I move these questions unto you?  Chirurgi. 
I Will speak somewhat of their cures, but or I enter any further in this matter, I think it rather necessary, to speak a little of things that be comen, and would be prudently observed in their cures, for asmutch as every apostumation, dependeth of some cause, and may not well be cured, except, cause, sign, judgement of the same with effects, be perfectly known. 
Blind Bayard is bold.  Therefore seeing there is nothing bolder than blind bayard, which falleth often in the Mire, nor none so hurtful to the health of mankind, as ignorant Chirurgeons, setting the cart before the horse, and the roots of the trees upward, which shoot at the mark like blind men, sometime hitting by chance, more than by knowledge, these things considered, soreness: think therefore no time lost, to hear me speak of the causes of apostumations, for thereby the sooner, they may be healed, therefore I will speak a little more of the causes.  soreness. 
Why? Be there any more causes of apostumations, whereof should they rise? I pray you shortly show me.  Chirurgi. 
YEs, Saith he, which is the Prince of all Physic called Hypocrates, there be three kind of causes, whereof apostumations do rise, the first is the primative, the second the Antecedent the third the conjunctive. The primative, where maladies hap by misfortune to the body, from the outward parts, as incition, breaking smiting, falling, ulceration of the hands and feet, or any other part. whereof ensueth apostumation. For when great dolour is caused in any part, soon after followeth, that the part annoyed crieth upon nature for help, (for such is his goodness and providence) who sendeth out of hand some succour, to the impoverished, and soar parts But it chanceth oft-times, that this succour, or nourishment, resteth there or some where by the way, in the vacant and weak parts, and so groweth it at length to an apostumation, in case the virtue digestive, or expulsive be not able to master, and dispatch it. The Antecedent is diversly named, and by divers terms, as replecionall, humoral, complexional, and composicionall, it is called replecionall, when the humours increase beyond their due measure. Albeit all these have respect to the quality of humours, yet for all that, when all the humours grow beyond measure, it is termed replecionall: humoral, is when one humour alone, groweth to apostumation, as the shingles cometh of pure Choler, and an hot botch of pure and laudable blood. Also they call it complexional, if the said humours be distempered from their first state or qualities, I say from their first qualities as if their form in a body were limited, 
Composition. Repletion, Complexion, what they are.  within the quantity of two inches, and then if they had gotten them iij. inches more, thereof would spring divers diseases, taking their names of the qualities, that have dominion and pre-eminence over them. It will be named compositionall, where one humour exceedeth the rest, in degree of his quality, given him of nature in composition▪ and hereof it cometh to pass, that the whole body compounded, goeth to ruin, through Fevers, and other kind of maladies. Wherefore no man may doubt, that the complexion should be holden for a cause Antecedent. Some number dolour with the same causes, whereunto may be added weakness of a Member, as watrishness, and windiness. etc. Also a cause conjunct, is nothing else but the Antecedent, when it cometh to a place ulcerated, or well nigh ulcerating, Here may not we pass over this with silence, that any apostumation as touching riping▪ or to speak plainer, rotting, and breeding of matter, hath property four times appropriate to it, that is to weet beginning, augmenting, state, and fall. The beginning is, when the causes conjunct, begin presently to appear. 
Four notes in an apostumation, beginning, augmenting, state, & declining.  Augmenting is known in that it largeth, and groweth to bigness, and the accidents increase: the matter gathered, and heaped together, without further increasinge, showeth plainly the state. Finally, the fall is known (if it be well looked on) by a certain softness, & fainting in the place. And these times must be aswell observed, I think, as the self maladies: for Auicenna with express words, giveth this admonition, saying it is not possible thou shouldst cure a disease, if thou know not, what the disease is. Me thynck he doth infer, and conclude, where the times be unknown, the cure also will be unknown, for why? In as much as the time in the apostumation is divers, the disease is divers, & the cure will be divers.  soreness. 
ALthough you seem to speak somewhat obscurely, & darkly, yet by oftentimes reading, I trust to get some more knowledge, for it is said of a very wise man, Omnes homines naturaliter scire desyderat. And I also being a man, am desirous of knowledge to help myself, without the which I am the worst kind of beast, & most unprofitable upon the earth: but hither unto, you have spoken, but of the beginning of apostumations, as seemeth to me, but how be they ended & finished? I pray you let me know the way?  Chirurgi. 
GALEN, the best that ever was, and the greatest learned next to Hypocrates, and one to whom chief credence must be given as unto a prudent Ship master, which through running, wisely doth set his course in the raging Seas, defending his Ship from Rock, Storm, and Tempest, to the end, to arrive at the port, and end of his travail, so doth Galen, like to a worthy master, defend his Pacientes from shipwreck, both soreness, and sickness, and saith, if apostumations turn not back again, than they do end by insensible resolution, or else by rotting out, and they be ended four manner of ways: 
Of resolution.  first by resolution, as is aforesaid, which is unbynding, removing, or undoing of the matter: secondly, to convert, change, and turn the apostumation into a thing called matter, or waire. The third is by rotting. The fourth, is putrefaction, and of this speaketh Avicen, which is one of the chief Princes of Physicians, in th'end of his chapter, concerning a hot apostumation, and in this cure there is two things principally to be observed. The one is, whether the thing be yet a doing, the other is, whether it be full done, or ended. I mean by doing, that is, whether the matter be yet running, or fleeting to the place of apostumation, and by the thing that is done, that is, whether the matter be past, and come already into the place of Apostumation or not: and note also, that in all such cures, you may not prolong, or abuse the time, but diligently go about your business, for a little lost time, putteth the Patient to great pain, and the Chirurgeon to great dishonesty.  soreness. 
THerefore I pray you to spend no more time any longer in definitions, names, causes, and signs, of Apostumations, but rather I pray you, begin the manner of their proper cures, and helps, for else hetherunto, all is but a labyrinth, and a crooked way unto me.  Chirurgi. 
WEll. If you will needs take upon you to minister, in your beginning, you must prepare repercussives, which will greatly comfort the soar Member: for Avicen saith in his first book, the fourth doctrine, that a strong Member actively. doth cast from him his superfluous humour, unto the weak passive or suffering Members, and pulleth it back again, and eftsoons doth power it forth again, to the great hurt of the weak part where by the weak Member is oftentimes Choked, and Strangled with the strength of the humour, whereby the whole Body is Ruined, and finally brought to destruction. Therefore, to the intent that the weak part be not utterly Destroyed, Overladen, or Choked, with such Superfluous humour, you must, to avoid the Danger, make restraint with repercussives, repercussives, and medicines defendant. And this shalt thou do, apply cold, and binding receipts, as Galen showeth in the third of the art, saying: Repellemus a patient particula si infrigidemus & stiptica apponamus etc. We shall put of from the sick part, if we cool, and apply binding things. etc.  soreness. 
Do repercussives help then in this case generally?  Chirurgi. 

Of repercussives, when they are good.  NOT. But for asmutch, as this place offereth occasion, to speak of repercussives, which I do laud: even so I shall have occasion to show, where repercussives aught to be abhorred and fled, with no less care, than Shipmen do the rocks in the sea. For it is no less pleasure to the Chirurgeons, to obtain their purpose, and finish their cure, than it is joy unto the Mariners, luckily to arrive in their own port, or resting place. Therefore soreness, to the end that we may eschew Shypwrackes, and dangerous places, let us a little enlarge our course, and call to remembrance, the wise words, of that learned man and famous clerk (master John Uigo) of Genua, which wrote a learned Book unto julius the second, wherein he saith, that apostumations in unclean bodies, do utterly refuse repercussives, except they be first cleansed by purgations, for much matter cannot away with repercussion. In case we should fall suddenly to the cure before purging, then should we greatly err, for in driving it back ward, we rather should couch it up, in the place so fast, that it could not be removed, 
Fowl bodies refuse repercussives, therefore they must 〈◊〉 cleansed.  whereby occasion should be given of evil accidence. And furthermore, if this come to pass, as God forbidden it should, then would it plainly import, or threat putrefaction or corruption of the member. Secondly, the emunctory or cleansing places, will not desire any repercussive. Thirdly, take heed how you use repercussives, when the matter is fat and clammy. For Galen saith in the third book of the Art, Corpus existens plenum repercussionem non admittet. Fourthly, think it no matter of deliberation, concerning repercussion, when the cause is venomous, cruel, or furious: but be occupied wholly, in provoking of it forth, for if you drive it backward, after mine opinion, saith Tagaltius, then do you range far from the high way, for this is the cause, why ye shall err, and not do well in your cure. First, ye shall shut and close up the matter, within your centure, which of necessity, aught to be dispersed abroad, in the whole circute, and thereof will follow, by the means of the malice, venom, and poison assembled together, and so taking their force in one place will practise no small inconvenience or mischyfe, 
What peril is in the application of a repercussive, although in some case it is most best.  against the natural virtues: you shall therefore, first use repercussives, if the matter be pressed, stopped, thrust, or shut up together in one place, do this, for fear of deforming of the member, where the soar is, which soon will ensue, if it come to putrefaction in that place. Sixtly, if nature cause any apostumation, by reason of crisis. Hoc est judicum, that is of judgement to avoid, 〈◊〉, or put out matter, superfluous, in this case, think there will be no means found, to put it back, without great danger, and hurt to nature.  soreness. 
WHy? Would it hinder any thing in this case, to apply a repercussive, or medicine, to drive it back? show me some reason why it should not be? Or what hurt would come thereof, if it were done?  Chirurgi. 
Marry, this evil might eftsoons ensue, for if it be put back, 
What hurt ensueth of a repercussive.  or returned in again, nature will then invent, and find out some other by path, from the unclean, to the clean places, and were not this a great hurt to nature? Yes surely, it were no small jeopardy: therefore we must in such cases, make evacuation of the matter, putting a helping hand to nature in her crisis, as Galen saith upon this Aphorismus: quorum crisis fit, haud facta est. etc. For the cure of all these causes, you must use mollifications, and softening Medicines.  soreness. 
Yet again, I put this question, why you do use repercussives at any time?  Chirurgi. 
We use repercussives, that we may apply them, to the intent that the matter yet fleeting, be kept of, and not that, 
What goodness cometh of a repercussive.  which is already flowing, become stubborn, against us in our working, & therefore, doing according to our rules, we shall order & apply repercussives in the beginning, and augmenting of apostumations, for why, the matter at that time, is chief flowing to and fro: and Galen writeth in the third of his art, that vessels refreshed with binding medicines, put of much matter from them, howbeit this aught to be done successively, by little and little, because the flux of the matter, is with a continuance, and when it is come where it should be, then must it be resolved, and not driven back.  soreness. 
I pray thee gentle Chirurgi, take in hand the cure of apostumations.  Chirurgi. 
THE Prince of the Philosophers, Aristotle saith, contraries be, & pertaineth to one science, and doubtless, the cures of Apostumations differ not, but in distance of more and less: for this cause, must I wrestle earnestly, that the knowledge of natures, & simples escape you not, for why, the more ye shall excel herein, the better shall you form your Medicines, for the Pacientes behove, who have joined themselves to our company: now to obtain this purpose, ye shall advisedly look whether the apostumations fall in a body full of humours, 
Consider whither apostumations chance in bodies replete with humo●● or empty.  or void of the same. If they happen in an empty body, ye shall reckon it long of some cause primative, whose cure must be in drawing forth the matter, with resolutives, or softening medicines: you shall resolve, if you apply cold and binding things together with hot and moist: with cold you must restrain, & keep it of, if any part of choler were approaching, by reason of dolour, & with binding, you shall comfort the member, as I said before, according to the sentence of Galen, in that hot things, 'cause the relenting of the matter: finally, use moistening of the same, that the poares harden not, nor be coagulated or stopped, & this speedily must be done at the beginning, afterward if it take not place, as I have said: What have you to say, in any other matter?  soreness. 
Show me some wholesome medicine, for Apostumations, I pray you?  Chirurgi. 

A good medicine for an Apostumation.  I Shall compound this medicine, for an example. R. juice of houseleek, and Lettuce, ana. ℥ i Oil of Roses, and Camomile. ana. ʒ. j.ss. oil of Mirtes. ʒ. x. Eggs in number two Swing all these with the yolks, and Whites, unto such time, as they be well incorporated, and then apply it in linen. Either thus. R Bole armoniac, Acacia. ana. ℥ i oil of Roses, Mirte, Camomile. ana. ℥. j.ss. bean meal ℈ i dust of Mirtelles, and of Cipers' nuts. ana. ℥. ss. with a little Wax, all which must be incorporated at the fire, and applied to the soar place. Further, for the resolving, of an hot apostumation, of what cause so ever that it come of, ye shall apply this, which the learned have greatly commended, & in very deed, I ever found it, as they have said, th'order of it was thus. R. Heads of white Lilies. 
A more excellent way to help an apostumation.  ℥ .v. roots of the marsh Mallows. l i.j. Camomel, Mellelot. ana. M. ss. and a handful of Bran, seathe all these in Water, till they be thoroughly sodden, and then strayn, and press them, as the Cook doth commonly grated bread, when he maketh his pottage, putting it into a clean pan, unto the which, ye shall put oil of Roses, of Camomile, of Dill, & of lilies ana. ℥ two of the marrow of Calves, or cows legs, and of Capon's grease. ana. ℥ i of white Wax. ℥. ss. of the soft apples, roasted in hot Emberss, if they may be gotten. ℥. iij.ss. Let all these be melted together, with that, which was searced at a soft fire, & be boiled, by the space of half an hour, wrought always, that it be diligently stirred all the while, and this will be a cerate, whereby ye shall get profit, and commendations. Another also in form of a Cataplasm, more strong for the same purpose. Take the meal of Lyn●seede, & Fenigreeke. ana. ℥ three the meal of Orobus. ℥ i flowers of Chamomill, Mellilote, Elder. ana. P.ss. read Rose leaves. ℥ ii flowers of Dill. ℈ four powder of Ireos of Florence. ℥. ss. boil these in Wine & Honey, or in the juice of smallage. Anon add of the drags of oil, and of oil of lilies. ℥ four oil of Uyolets. ℥ ii and so frame a Cataplasm. Now if the apostumations, will not be ruled, and give place to a resolutive, for so it fareth oftentimes with them, then prepare mollificatives, or softening medicines, which may be made two ways, with Embrocations, or plasters.  soreness. 
I pray you tell me, which is the best way or means, to make an Embrocation?  Chirurgi. 
AN Embrocation, is made after this manner. R. Of a decoction of Mallows, 
Of an Embroche.  Uyolets, Barley, Quince seed, Lettuce leaves. l.u.l.u. of Barley meal. ℥ ii oil of Uyolets, and Roses. ana. ℥. i.ss. of Butter. ℥ i and then seethe them all together, till they be like a broth, putting thereto, at the end four yolks of Eggs, and the manner of applying, is with pieces of cloth, dipped in the foresaid decoction being actually hot, which must be often changed one after an other, by the space of one third part of an hour: This will alloy, and abate the pain, and cause resolution, drawing forth the matter into the Skin. Such decoctions may be also made, of a Weathers Head or other flesh, so that the broth be ●atte, howbeit, this shall be according to thine intent, whether thou mean the riping, or the resolving of it▪ immediately after the imbrocasion, let this or the like plaster follow. R Of leaves, of Mallows, Violets, and lettuce ana. M.i. and afterward they shallbe sodden, brayed, & sparsed, make an hard plaster thereof at the fire, with Barley Meal putting thereto. ℥ two. ss, of oil of Violets, and ℥. ss. of Butter, this done, take it of the ●yre, and then incorporate the yolks of three Eggs, and so apply it to the soar, now if he be loath to take so much pain, and think plastering sufficient appoint: the Pacientes friends to use this. R. of crumbs of bread l. i.ss, let it be steeped in a decoction of Mallows, Violets, and Lettuce, or in a Broche of Veal, or Mutton: it may be done to with Ewes or Goat's milk, hot from the dugs. Finally, let it be pressed, and stamped, and drawn round in a mortar, and then soft, it with Oil of Violets, and Roses. ana. ℥. i.ss. and of Butter. ℥ i with a ℈. i.ss. of Saffron. After let the whole be thicked at the fire a little, and then put the yolks of two Eggs to it: or else take the leaves of Mallows, and Violets, of every of them, one handful, & so boil, and stamp them together, with Boars grease, and use these hardly. For one of these I assure you, shall ripe a Cholerycke apostumation, which thing ye shall perceive by the softness in feeling, and by easing of the pain, as Avicen saith, Cum videris lenitatem quandam & sedationem doloris, tunc scias quod scit in via ad maturationem: When thou seest a certain softness and delaying of pain, than thou mayst know it is in the way of riping: now when the place is ready to be lanced, above all things s●e the incision and the opening be made alongst, with the lying of the hears, & sinews for why, nothing will be done more better, to 'cause a Cicatrice. 
A Cicatrice.   Soarenes. 
This is very well said: Now I pray you tell me how you make an Incision?  Chirurgi 
AN Incision must be made in the lowest part, so that the matter may the better avoid: in especially, if any humour do use to fall to that part, 
Incision, how to make it.  from whence issues would most naturally fall from. Often we conduct them, by their convenient regions, as saith divine Hypocrates, and thincision must be made, as it liketh the learned, after a half or crooked moon, except, the place be sinews, for if it be so, then must it be made alongst with the course of them. For why if I would open it overthwart, I might cut some sinew a sunder in working: immediately upon the incision, the place must be covered with Lynt, dipped and wet in the white of an Egg: Nevertheless before ye so do, ye shall fill the hole of the appostumation with a Tent, made of the same moisted lin●e●, to th'intent the matter gush not out, all at ones, which thing if it were suffered, and the Apostumation, great, the virtue natural, will be much assembled thereby, whereas we aught most warily to save the same, that it be sufficient to feed the place, and work rightly. For as Mesue following the mind of Galen, saith it is nature who worketh health: the Physician is but her servant. This also must be well remembered, and had in consideration, in a place apostumated, 
〈…〉 a member 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 do rot●e.  whether the apostumation, fall in a fleshy or synewye place. For when there doth rise a knot in a sinewy place, there look to be opened before it be full rypened, jest any sinew should rot by means of corruption, but in the other, by reason of the freshness thereof. We may a●yde the perfit riping, sith we be moved by no inconvenience, to open it ●efore time, which thing is not to be permitted in the other without some good cause. Now when ye have well filled and covered the incision, let it alone, and meddle no more with it, for the space of xxiiii. hours, and when that time is expired, ye shall visit the apostumation, with a digestive made of yolks of Eggs, and Terebinthyne., in continuing the same, two, or ●hree times. until you see more or less, according as necessity in digestion shall show you. At the end ye may finish the cure, with an abstersive mingled of Barley meal Terebintyne, & Rosed honey. But if it shallbe hollow as it is often seen) we give you this abstersive in that behalf. 
An abstersive. A digestive.  R. of Rosed Honey, strained. ℥. i.ss. of clear Terebinthine. ℥. ii.ss. of the juice of smallage ℥. ss. let them boil, till the juice be wasted, afterwards whiles it is yet warm put thereto, two ℥. ss. of Barley flower, and mingle them together, which ye may keep, till need shall require, for the cure.  Soarnes. 
What if proud, dead, or rotten putrefied flesh, chance to be in the sore, or aposiumation, what remedy then?  Chirurgi 
IN deed often times there groweth dead flesh in such places. I have therefore here to say how the same must be displaced and removed, 
How rebate flesh superfluous.  certainly myself did ever use in removing of superfluous, and festered flesh the mixed ointments, which were compounded of unguentum apostolorum and Egiptiacum of like portions, and if the part had been very sensible, I used the powder, which the old ancient Chirurgeons did use to remove such flesh over and upon that ye shall apply this ointment, which the old ancient Chirurgeons, had in ure It is describe after this manner, ●. Oil of Roses, of Camomile, ana. ℥ iii of fat Wethers. ℥ four of fat Calves. ℥ iii of the marrow of a cows huckel bone. ℥ ii of Lytharge of gold, and silver, ana. ℥, i ss. of Ceruse: ℥. ss. of Uermilion. ℥ iii of Terebintyne ℥ four of new Wax. ℥ ii mingle all these together according to the art. And let them boil first at a soft fire, increasing and fortifying the same after a season, and so boil and stir it withal, and so do it, till it get a very black hue, and thus have you an ointment to spread on the soar, like a cerate. But I saw one thing coming to remembrance, that may not well be forgotten, by reason of the fearfulness, of a certain faint hearted man, dwelling hereby, now this whyte liuered Lad, that I speak of, was exceedingly tormented with an apostumation, which needed opening howbeit, he could abide any thing, rather than the opening thereof, with an instrument. When I perceived the importunity of the man. and the necessity of the work. I rotted the apostumation with a potential cautery which we made after this sort. I took a cup full of the best Soap lie, the first distilled forth from the stepefat men term it the mother lie, and cast it into a brazen cauldron. with a dram of Roman vitriol, which I caused to boil, till all the lie was clean wasted, and then gathered I the foam, and froth which remained thereof for my purpose, and truly this is so effectually in writing, that it seemeth to work suddenly the act, 
Cautery potential.  and seeing the work began to receive profit. when as the colour of the place began to be dark and black. This is to be used in the time, when the patient is very feeble. But or ever it was applied, I mean the Cautery, the hole apostumation was covered with a piece of Leather, lest that thee, Cautery should pierce or hurt some other place, than that which I did intent to meddle with all: And further, that a hole be made in the mids of the same leather, And further to anoint the leather with some ointment, & in the same hole, to apply the said Cauterye. And then with another piece of Leather to cover the hole, and so let it stand by the space of one hour and a half. close covered, and then remove the Cautery, and then apparel the place with a plaster as followeth. R. Leaves of Mallows, and Violets. ana one handful, let them be boiled and stamped, putting thereunto. ʒ. two of Barrowes grease, of Butter. ℥. ss of leaven. ℥ iii &. ℈ i of Saffron, mingle all together, & plaster wise, lay it to the place, for this will remove an hard crust and delay the pain.  
Another cautery to open a sore, used by good Surgeons. Take of sour Leaven ℥. ss. onions roasted under the Emeres. ℥ two. pigeons dung, and hempseed. ana. ℥ i snails in number, iii black soap, swines grease as much as will suffice, make hereof a little plaster, as broad as a groat and lay it upon the top or head of the soar, & lay a broader resolving plaster over it. Chal. Now when the crust shallbe removed, the ulcer must be cured, as it was afore declared. Hitherto have we talked of Apostumations, chauncinge in clean bodies, Now because there goeth one by, by whom I may well certify my friend of my travel: I pray you bear with me, for a while and with all speed possible when I have done, I will return to you a-gayn. For I intent to finish our communication, and speak of the Appostumations which hurt Bodies, that be replete of Humours foul & painful. etc.  Soarenes. 
Sometime an apostumation, is placed in a gross foul Bodies, full of humours, in such a case, what is then to be done, master Chirurgeon, I pray you?  Chirurgi 
THen above all things, my dear friend. you must do your diligence to labour and travel, 
Four intentions, and six unnatural things to be observed.  more than you did in my primative cause. And for the cure thereof it is very necessary, that you set four intentions diligently before your eien, and six things not natural.  Soarenes. 
Which are they I pray you heartily tell me?  Chirurgi. 
FIrst, that you order your pacientes life, accordingly: and to bring the humour to just equality.  

five notable good things to be observed in healing  Secondly, to purge the evil humours which do maintain the apostumations hurt, or offence.  
Thirdly, to remove the cause conjunct or knit to the same things, accordingly.  
fourthly, to correct and amend evil accidents, if any be in place.  
Fivethly, things not natural. as air, meat and drink, sleeping, and waking, rest, evacuation, repletion and accidents of the mind, as ire care. etc. All these must be ruled with diligence according to the ebbing and flowing of the matter, whether the cure do seem easy or hard, to that end, that very speedy work may be made with wisdom, and the cure quickly finished. Also, that the belly may be relaxed, and loosed of the humour which doth most abound. further, that the appostumation be workmanly lanced. And here must you chief observe, that no local medicine be applied before the whole body be cleansed and well purged of that humour, which doth most offence to nature. 
Not local medicine applied before the body purged.  For in so doing, mischief will ensue to the patient, and reproach to the Chirurgeon: which may rather be counted a murderer, than a man belper in such cases, whereof I have spoken in the repercussive. etc. So note that I give you warning, to observe diligently to losing of the belly, in all these causes. And further, keep of the matter with repercussives, as example.  
R. Oil of Roses, Bole armoniac, the three Sanders, with the white and the yolk of an Egg, 
A goodly repercussive.  or else with this. Take Mallow leaves, Violet leaves ana. M.i. Wormwood, Read Roses ana. M. ss. Barley meal ℥ i Lintel meal, ℥. i.ss. Oil of Chamomel, seethe such things as aught to be sodden▪ and let them be strained, then mingle them together, making a soft plaster at the fire according to the art. This is a medicine of that great learned Man Avicen his own invention for resolution, and comforting the member as it may very easily be perceived, 
Auicenes' medicine.  if you mark well the receyptes. Now if these be found sufficient, fear not to practise, discomfort not at all: But perhaps you shall find some matter, very slimy or tough, to strong for this in such case do thus. Take the leaves of Mallows, and Violets, ana. M.i. roots of white Lilies. ℥ ii roots of March Mallows ℥ iii boil all together, 
An excellent plaster to assuage pain in a ●ore.  stamp and strain them with a strong strainer, or Colender, into a Kettle, whereunto put fresh Butter ℥ ii swines grease ℥. i.ss. seethe them and make a plaster in a stone mortar: Or else do this, Take roots of white Lilies. ℥ iii roots of Marish Mallows. ℥ ii and roots. of Garden Mallows, and roots of Violets, ana. M. ss. seethe them soft, stamp them and strain them, whereunto put Capons grease ℥ i fresh Butter ℥ ii Barrow's grease. ℥. i.ss. sour Leaven ℥ iii Barley meal, as much as shall suffice. ℈ i, of Saffron, and make thereof with the former decoction, a convenient plaster, apply it to the sore place accordingly.  Soarenes. 
What is then to be done, after this business, I pray you master Chirurgeon.  Chirurgi 
WHen you be come to this point, do your feat hardly with ance in hand, trimble not: discomfort not yourself▪ neither your patient, but open thapostumation. Some what in the form of a new Moon crooked and when that is done, use the manner of digestion, and abstertion in manner as I have said. But as concerning the making sound & the skynning, use the medicine which is compounded of Uermilion. ℥ i oil of roses & Mirtes, ana. ℥. i.ss. This is of good effect in causing of a cicatrice, cut or scar, if the place be anointed with water of planten, rose water, honey of roses, & a little alum: it shall be very comfortable, 
How to make incision.  with a soft Sponge to moist the place: and thus have the old ancient men, ever used among their miserable pacientes. Then there is an other intention which is very good: which is to amend evil accidents, which cumber, molest and vex apostumations often times. For if the patient be long vexed with such evil accidents, the virtue natural will then decay, and be quickly overthrown: 
How to dry humours that do abound.  whereof will follow incontinently great danger and much hindrance to the cure of the same, that in fine it shall be scant curable: which accidents be these two, the one is called extreme dolour or pain, the other is darkness, and deadly black complexion of the same Place: these two be near hand desperate cures, 
Dolour and darkness of complexion.  and most dangerous to be helped, in all Appostumations: But commonly these Accidents, are found only to be the cause of evil Chirurgeons necligences.  Soarenes. 
What moveth the Chirurgeon thus to do? I pray you tell me?  Chirurgi 
WHen the matter in the apostumation, was already ripe, & flitting and after the same should quickly have been expulsed or avoided by invisible transpiration which is one of the forces, 
What harm 〈◊〉 of an 〈◊〉 Chirurgeon.  or benefits of nature. Then the ignorant Chirurgeon: ministereth forth with repercussives, which drove backward, and pressed the water so fast in the place, that these accidents did ensue of necessity. Wherefore I shall exhort thee my dear friend, seeing thou art minded, to enter into the worthy ministry of this work, which is not only profitable to thyself, but also beneficial to the common wealth. That thou do use repercussives, namely in the painful places, that may be the occasion of ryping of the matter, for fear that otherwise thou repent thee, for when matter is ones placed, then need we not but to open the pores, which thing every man may do very easily, if he do resort to the repercussives afore described.  Soarnes 
SIr, if in case these accidents whereof you have spoken, be in this dangerous peril, it should seem then, either to be in the fault of the chirurgeon, or else in the malice of the humour: what is then to be done?  Chirurgi 
YOu shall make a plaster with these medicines following, which the great learned men themselves, have used unto their pacientes. R, of hulled Beans, or Beaneflower that is without the bran. l, i of Mallow leaves. M.ii: seethe them in lie, till they be well sodden, and afterward, let them be stamped and incorporated with meal of Lint, 
A good emplaster.  or flax, ℥ iiii of Lupyne meal ℥ ii: and form thereof a plaster, with Goat's grease, for this openeth the pores avoideth the matter by transpiration, and comforteth also the member: but if the place after a day or two after the application of the plaster, fall more and more to blackness, it shallbe necessary to go further, even to scarisying and incision of the place, according as it may suffer. Certainly these are such accidents, that will not so-easely be displaced, as I have talked of, but require most prudent and circumspect diligence, of the Physicians. Therefore who so will come unto this art should dwell no small while with a learned Chirurgeon, to this end, that he may both learn his sayings and doings, 
What the Chirurgeon must do.  and observe the same, and have them ever in mind, that he may ever be able to travice the air. with his own: proper wings, without the help of others. And not be as a blind guide, neither apt to lead, nor tract the way himself, according to profit art, 
Example.  and knowledge. For in so doing he shallbe like unto an unconning shipmayster, which bringeth his Ship to ruin, rocks or wrack, so shall he finish his course with shame, and his patient with death. Therefore when the place is scarifyed, let it be done both quickly and suddenly, then lay upon the same scarification bay Salt. After this is done, than apply this following in good order.  
R. Of B●anemeale, and of Orobus. ana. ℥ vi of Lupine meal. ℥ four And boil them in oxymel unto such time as they shall be plaster thick, and after apply them to the place, or else plaster it with beans and lupines, boiled in Barbary lie, and afterward strained and stamped in a mortar. Now perchance, if ye see evil and corrupt flesh in the place, ye shall need no further council in that behalf. 
Unguentum Egiptiacum of Avicen To●bate dead flesh.  But incontinent anoint the place with unguentum Egyptiacum, which must be made after the mind of Avicen.  
R. Uertdegrece, Roche Alum, Honey, Vinegar. ana, q. ss. that is, as much as will suffice, seethe them until they come into a read colour, and with this ointment you shall exasperated, and sharp the place by the space of two or three days, notwithstanding, if you shall need, you may iterate or often apply the same, until the fame come to an escarous crust or scab and make separation▪ which must not be rooted up by any instrument. but rather may be renewed with one of the mollificatives, specially young hog's grease, as it is aforesaid, and when this is fallen of, the same ulcer must be cured, as all other ulcers are, whereof I shall give you further understanding hereafter Now you do perceive how putrefaction aught and must be handled, but in the mean while, foresee with wisdom, that this evil be prevented, & avoid the same, for when a cure is not well handled, or is cast away, them it is to late to call again yesterday. Prayer or weeping in this case will scant prevail in the Chirurgeons behalf. Now consequently, after I have spoken of the assuaging or mitigating of the dolour and pain of apostumation, which oppresseth nature, as the prince of Philossophy called Aristotle, 
A Chirurgeon must have providence to foresee cure.  affirmeth saying: dolour and pain be the evils, that do dissolve, and utterly destroy the human nature of Mankind: ie seemeth necessary that in due order, some wholesome way be taken, to help this dangerous matter, and to avoid the dolour.  Soarenes. 
What is best to avoid the dolour.  Chirurgi. 
NOthing truly, but artificially to altar and change an evil complexion, so that it come not by stopping of the matter or by the breach of continuance, or corrosion, for then such grief would ask other succours, for where as dolour is fallen, there doth plainly appear a sudden alteration of complexion in that part, as Galen affirmeth. 
To altar complexion in a sore.   
Therefore if you will make any alteration in nature, invent some apt proper medicine, for the same purpose: as for example. Take Oil of Roses. ℥ ii the yolk and whites of ii Eggs new laid, beat them all together, and apply them to the place, than the next day following in the morning, apply this in place or stead of the former. Take crumbs of white bread, sodden in Goats or sheeps milk: or else bread sodden in the broth of a Chicken: or else you may take a weather's head sodden from the bones, which you must press through a cotton cloth from the same sodden flesh, save half a pint of the decoction, unto which decoction, then add Honey of Roses, and oil of Camomel, ana. ℥, i ss. with yolks of new laid Eggs. All these must be beaten together & recocted, or sodden again. upon a soft fire until such time as it be somewhat stiff, when this is done, apply it warm to the dolours pained place, accordingly. This also that followeth is used to the same purpose. Take roots of Holioke ℥ ii Mallows, violets, ana. M. ss. camomile, red rose leaves. ana. p.ss. boil them well, and stamp them together. Add unto these when they be so stamped, of fresh Butter. ℥ ii oil of roses, & violets ana. ℥ iii make thereof a Cataplasm, and apply it as warm as may be suffered.  Soarenes. 
WHat if this medicines prevail not, what shall I do then good master Chirurgeon: 
Choice of medicine is good  For I have hard say, that one medicine worketh not health in every complexion, but choice is good.  Chirurgi. 
THen you shall use this which followeth. For often times extreme dolour and pains of very necessity, shall require mollifications, without danger, wherein there may be put such cooling things, as will not hinder mollification: thus Prince Avicen showeth in his Chapter de flegmone, therefore do thus.  
Take Mallows, Violets. ana M.i. seethe them, and bray them, and put in them ℥ two. of Barley meal, of Oil of Roses, ℥ four and eftsoons seethe them again until they be in the form of plaster thick, which in case serve not yet the purpose, note this other.  
Take of Fenicreke, meal of Lintseedes, of flowers of Camomel, of hens fat melted, of Rosed Oil. ana. ℥ iii let all these. (the Oils and fats only excepted) be mingled and sodden together with the decoctions of Mallows, and violets, unto such time, as they be thickened, to make a plaster. This done, warm the oil and fat, and incorporate the same, with a little oil of Camomel, and of Dil, and so make it to a plaster. This will open the pores, and hard pressed matter, which causeth the pain. Now if it be in the augmenting of a malady: in this case, ye shall make it after this ●orme.  
Take oil of Roses, and of Camomile, ana. ℥ i ss. the yolks of two Eggs. ℥. ss. of Barley meal or more, which ye shall shake well together, and so lay it to the place. This suppose I sufficient for the appeasing of dolour: if not you of your own head, by these may invent new and other confections, to the behoof of your pacientes, and your own contentation. Sigh I have dispatched this, I will return to an hardened apostumation, which truly might have been omitted well enough, the matter being so manifest & plain.  
Nevertheless, I will recite here, what the learned have used in this case, because I would not maim my communications. certainly this invention shall minister, divers fetches and causes, wherein men may employ there wits. Howbeit (according as Mesue writeth de lassitudine post purgationem, we will convert our intent, to the cause of hardness to the intent we may cut it of. For as he saith, this is the right way in cures, & the foresight in working Wherefore, if it appear that the place tend to hardness, or ever it come to that point, & be fixed, it may be redressed thus. Take ten fat Figs, of roots of Marish Mallows smally chopped. ℥ vi Seethe them well, and then Bray them with. ℥ ii of Barrows grease, putting thereto a little Saffron, wherewith cover the place, which ye would soften. and ye shall not fail of the purpose. But if it were so, 
A softninge Plaster.  that the pray escaped your wits, or mist your fingers, you may be sure to entrap it with this.  
Take of Terebyntin meddled and well incorporated with Butter and this doubtless shall serve your purpose. But or ever it be applied, the place must be prepared and often made moist, for ryping of the matter, with blood warm water. Now when it cometh in rotting, open the place with a potential Cautery, or with some other fetch or mean, forcing always that it be done according to the rules above mentioned. 
A potential Cautery.  In fine when it is opened proceed in the cure, as in other.  
These be the things, which I had this day, to say, which though they be not so finely uttered, ne lively declared, as happily ye Looked for: ye shall bear with my simplicity, in that behalf, For I never bestowed labour in oratory (as I think ye perceive right well) to attain unto eloquence. And so where I am simple and plain myself, I have handled such things, as I had to say with semblable simplicity & plains: which if it like you also I shall right gladly recite unto you after the same order & manner, such things as we have to utter of wounds. Now if I have stumbled or miss any where. I pray you correct it, so if it be worthy of correction▪ 
Of God beginning and ending of all things.  And on the other side, if any thing praise worthy, be come to light, offer and ascribe that to the living God (as I said in the beginning of our communication.) That we may in ourself, verify the saying of the Poet: Ab jove principium, nam sunt iovis omnia plena. Of God take things their beginning, for by him are all replenished, whose name be blessed for ever, Amen  Soarenes. 
You have handled yourself very eloquently & freshly enough to day, also you have given us cups of knowledge, able to quench the thirst of better men than we are. And I assure you no man may greatly wonder at it, seeing we are environed on every side, with such gentle humanity, and brotherly love of each others. Wherefore we pray unto God that for this your gift, he will prospero you and your cures and long preserve you in health, to the behove of your country, and friends. For you have quenched our thirst▪ above expectation, with worthy communication, and medicines. But to give you warning, I pray you hast hither to morrow with as great and quick speed, as ye can pass, after ye have visited your cures, to the intent ye may pay us your promise at full not without many thanks. Now therefore sith then of your part time moveth you, to tend your cures, depart in good time, & remember us, For we sore people mind to repair hither again tomorrow, to hear you, although the weather be very cold.  Chirurgi 
Go ye on in the name of God, & doubt not, but that I am yours, and all theirs, which be either sick, or soar, to help them, to my power.  Soarnes 
IT be falleth oftentimes if any good or evil hung over men's heads: the divine mind of man, hath an inkling, & a smattering thereof, 
Man's secret providence.  or ever it come to effect, which thing is verified in ourself this day. For where we feared loss of time, we have vainly spent all the day in looking hither and thither, for you master Chirurgeon. And all this together is done for you, wherefore to say truth we charged you with the matter, and spoke liberally of you, Now therefore if ye recompense it not with diligence. we will lay all the burden in your neck, because we have tarried so long for you this day.  Chirurgi 
Do you herein as you think good For I am all together yours, and would that you all were helped, specially, because ye begin plainly to show your grieves. And this will I do gladly, omitting the definition, in as much, as it liketh you so well: notwithstanding, that all ancient Authors in writing of matters, thought it best to begin at the definition But yet they as I think, were of that mind, and opinion, where the matter was strange and dark, and where it could not be well perceived, but by the definition only, which gave some light to it. And of truth so aught they to do, where cloudy darkness, and crabbish knots, require light and opening by the definition, which thing, as I trust, shall not happen in my plain words. For I intend to speak of wounds, which to all men be as plain as a packstaffe. 
Of wounds.  For it is given men of nature, warily to avoid all noyance, and as much it feareth them also to be hurt. I say that wounds be manifest to all men. And if it were otherwise with them, I might well enough begin my communication, at this definition of wounds. For it were easily said, 
The definition of a wound.  that a wound is a breach of continuance, newly made, in an hard or soft part of the body, being without putrefaction and corruption. Now therefore, sith there appeareth no commodity curatyve to rise thereof, I Think it best to pass it with silence: notwithstanding, if you be desirous of it, the saying, which is rehearsed may serve the purpose. And now to begin the matter plainly, I suppose. I may say the foundation best in the division of wounds.  soreness. 
YOu have rightly judged. But sir my desire is, that ye will begin whereas I may hear one long profitable tale, of the whole matter, and I will occupy mine ears and keep silence.  Chirurgi 
I was minded the same myself also.  Soarenes. 
Well, go on then, and speak to the purpose▪ without interrupting of your talk, unless where necessity shall 'cause you to pause, or breathe yourself good master Chirurgeon,.  Chirurgi. 
I Heard my friends and brethren say, that there were two kinds of wounds which do no less differ in name, than in their cures, 
Two kinds of Wounds. the one simple and the other double or compound.  The one Men call a simple wound, the other double or compounded. The simple is where no substance is lost, and is ensounded & cured with one intention alone. And of this, we shall make no further ado, because of the facility thereof. For why? Cobblers, Carters, and women be able to cure such wounds. Now that which is properly called a compounded▪ wound is where some substance is lost, and necessarily requireth divers intentions in the cure, as thus. To unite that which was separated, to restore that was lost, and to displace an apostumation, if it be concurraunt with the same. But here note, that amongs wounds, some be uncurable. And it is not inconvenient to begin at the heart, as the chief Fort and principal part of the body,  
Then we say, that every wound, annoying and perishing the substance of the heart, it is deadly and uncurable. For why as Avicen saith the heart during the natural life, may not suffer any breach of continuance. And therefore to knit up much in one knot, such wounds as give let, 
What wounds be mortal  and impeachment, to the virtue, which is necessary to life, take mankind away, without remedy. As wounds in the substance of the brain: of the wind pipe. of the wessand: of the Lungs: of the Liver: of the Gaul, of the Midryfte, of the Maw: of the Spleen: of the small guts: of the kidneys, and bladder: and generally all such wounds, which pierce through the bulk and inward parts, be very dangerous. Because the inward parts be altered by moving of the air from out forth. and the spirits be offended within, 
Parts most dangerous to be hurt.  and the virtue natural, which maintaineth life, is destroyed. And the reason why, is that, when these parts be wounded, they be most hardly helped by reason of their continual moving and labouring. And when this may not be made whole, they be notable, ne sufficient to do their offices, requisite to nature.  
Now must we speak somewhat of wounds, that happen in muskelles, and lacertes. For they may be thought as dangerous, as the foresaid, 
Wounds in the Muskels.  For as in the one, be manifest tokens of death, so in the other be Prognosticable signs, for men inflamed with high and divine foresight. 
Example.  For a wound in a Muscle doth much like a wood Snake, which lieth in wait for men out of their way, lurking under the green flowers, where he putteth them that go by in doubt or hazard of their life. Therefore my friends let us reason somewhat of them also, that they lead us not forth with vain hope, and oppress us among other, as careless, & idle heads. Wherefore we suppose that wounds chancing .3. fingers above and beneath, 
Of convultion mortal.  the heads of the Muskels or lacertes nigh unto the joints, be exceeding dangerous: and that pricking of sinews do often 'cause convulsions, by reason of the great feeling and fellowship that they have with the brain. Wherein the saying of Hypocrates▪ appeareth true who saith, that a spasme or convulsion chancing upon a wound, is mortal for the most part Wherefore the wounds in such parts must be handled warily, and with advised deliberation. For why, they will to notably hinder the Chirurgeon his estimation, if he prognosticate warily of the same to them that stand by: which thing truly had befallen to myself, when I promised a man his life, had not I been admonished by master Rasis, who secretly and wittily, unknown to all the family, plucked me by the elbow, and warned me, with these or like words in effect. And then the pacientes strength was agreeable to health, and no apostumation risen, but he slept as he ailed nothing at all. Consider with thyself, saith he, as thou dost lightly always, the signs which induce convultion in wounds. Whereas there appeareth no swelling in the soar, in good faith, I conceive an evil opinion in, the patientes life, which I have gotten me, with long observation. For the matter which should come forth, to the pained place, is supped up of the sinews. Wherefore I see a convultion even at hand, For if the matter, though it were little (for in much it fareth like) had issued and gathered to the place it would give me occasion to think well of him. For it should signify, that the matter did relinquish the sinews, and draw outward.  

A goodly note to be observed when death is hand.  Now in as much as it remaineth, as a sleep within, surely I think evil of it: and truly, it was marvelously said of him. For, or ever the fifth day came, the man gave up the breath, by reason of a spasme or Cramp, where at I was greatly abashed▪ reserving the signs in memory, and mind hereafter as I also advise you to do. Yea, and if there be any other else, worthy of observation, mark the vain also diligently, that it may stand you for steed, when need shall require. For this will require a vigilant Eye of the Chirurgeon. Wherefore I appeal here to your secret hearts, and bid you beware, that ye disgrace not yourselves thorough rashness, but be ripe in Prognostications, and circumspect in observing of the times of your workings, Both for one help and others.  
Now all other wounds, these only excepted, which I have recited, no doubt be curable, And as for the help of these that are curable. there are two principal found, the one by the first intention, the other by the second. The latter is, where divided parts are joined together through a portion of an other kind of matter. As for an example  
Bones are joined, together, with a certain hard matter, much like a bone but not a bone which is much like to Alasarte. The other, when parts are joined together, with their like in kind, as flesh with flesh. And these ways, we must needs have before our eyes, to the intent we minister not any thing in wounds, which we might afterward repent. Wherefore to avoid these evils I judge it best to begin with such things as may be used generally, in all kind of wounds, to help mankind.  Soarenes. 
For God's sake show me the best manner of wounds,  Chirurgi. 
WHen ye have determined, to take any such wound in hand, incontinent remember to observe these things: that is to say, an order of the Life, local medicines, and amendment of evil accidents. The first, ye shall obtain by due administration of the six things, called not natural. If the Chirurgeon be ignorant therein, the Physicians may rule the matter. For it belongeth to them, to give an order of living, to bring humours to a quality▪ to try out inward causes, of variable ebbing and flowing. And finally to give just redress of the same: 
What the 〈◊〉 must observe.  which thing for the most part, Chirurgeons labour not to attain to, because the matter is so secretly hid, as it were amongs stones, but only by means of covetousness, and greedy desire of Chirurgeons. For when they have gotten only a little taste, without all excercise, under their master, which thing is mother to Arts, as Aristotle saith: They take money hungerly, they seek in hand, and rend their skin with their teeth, making no conscience at the matter at all. Now as touching the second, in applying of local medicines: ye shall not play, make or mar, ne go at all adventure, as ye sought blyndfield. But persuade yourself earnestly, that you made Argus, to be your companion in the matter. For in case ye miss but a little, or negligently omit any necessary thing in the cure, ye shall first bring yourself into a peck of troubles, and after will ensue many inconveniences▪ as sayeth Aristotle: grant one absurdity, and many inconveniences will follow. Wherefore, lest this do chance, it is good that ye look narrowly on the matter, with advised circumspection. Now therefore, when ye stand before the wounded, first ponder with yourself, how the wound was given, of what sort it is, and how large a gash? For be the wound small and in a fleshy part, without losing of substance, it may be cured only with convenable binding. 
Who so doth grant to one absurdity, many one will eftsoons follow.  But if it be great and deep, first staunch the blood, if any be, with some medicine convenient, as I shall declare hereafter, in the place of bleeding and Ulcers. whereunto I refer thee at this present. For there I intend to give medicines, and means for that purpose. When the Blood is staunched, ye shall sew the wound, with a fine thread, well twisted and waxed, 
A small wound.  between your fingers. But or I speak of sewing. I will recite certain causes where sewing is dangerous, and therefore forbidden as unprofitable. And then will I to my purpose again in order for your sake.  Soarenes. 
I pray you show me that order?  Chirurgi. 
YOu shall first remember, that wounds made, with any long and round weapon, as an arrow or dart: must not for a few days, be cured by the first intention, notwithstanding they be cured partly by the first. Some do say they be not cured, by the first, for why? 
Example.  We keep them open, lest the matter be imprisoned here. For if it were so, wounds might incur extreme dolour, by reason of alliance, with cords and sinews. And therefore we say plainly, they aught not to be shut up in the first days. For myself saw this in a valiant Captain, at Berwick, who had a wound in the Neck. And a certain Physician took the man in hand, and willing to hast the helping of the wound, which aught to have been kept open, 
Pate hardy the Scotte a good Chirurgeon.  he closed it up with a seam: whereupon, the patient fell into extreme pain, and as it were, into a continual convulsion, insomutch, that if a cunning Chirurgeon, called Pate hardy, a Skot, had not put to his Hand the sooner, he had borne his own message to the dead. But to our purpose, where I said, notwithstanding, they be cured by the first intention, this is understanded, that is where there is no lost substance, newly produced in them. For if there were, 
Of the first and second intention.  the cured should be after the second intention. And where any substance is lost, and aught newly be produced, sewing shall be right strange and untoward. For why, it can not otherwise be well cured, but by the second. 
Matter doth covet digestion  For nature seeketh ever restitution of the lost part, with no less carefulness, than the mother her only lost Son. Wherefore, if we mind to restore that, we may not sow up the wound, or it be recovered. If the wound be deep, and greatly altered, by the receipt of the air, think of no sewing. 
His name was Ive, of Swasa in Cambrigeshyre.  For matter is now secretly caused, by reason of the air, which crieth out for digestion, and abstersion. And if the impericke, whom ye know of, had thus handled the matter, the honest man ye wot of, had been yet alive. For when he had taken a large gash in his Leg, and long had left it open to the air, thinking to be notably well cured: caused a Chirurgeon to be sent for, which immediately in all the haste (a God's name) seweth up the wound. What will ye more? Immediately after the sewing, importable dolours did arise, 
A wound of a bruise.  and on the third day, the leg was so feastred, that in the vii, the man would needs take his Vltimum Vale, and say farewell to the living. Now if the imperike had first used digestion with abstersion, and then sewing of the wound: perchance the matter had not grown, to that extremity of death. And in case the wound come by means of a bruise then attempt not to sew it. For without doubt, ye shall shortly perceive, that ye labour in vain.  
Whereof Galen giveth us a warning word, saying: that it followeth of necessity, 
It is perilous to sew a wound coming of the biting, or rending of some beasts.  that a bruise should putrefy, and turn to corruption. I add, & understand it, if it be an extreme bruise: for in a mean, it taketh no place. Therefore, if it be sewed, the seam will soon be corrupted. As we saw ourself, a lusty young man, who came to see a Bull baiting in Parisse Garden, and fallen before the same, I wot not how, the Bull gave him in the thigh a rent, with the horns. Now when a Chirurgeon had taken him in hand, incontinente he sewed the wound, which putryfied right soon. And certainly, unless master Backter had helped it, I think assuredly, the man had died of it. Further we say, that sewing is not good in a wound, caused by biting of some beast. For a bitten place, is hollow and abated, or otherwise, somewhat savoureth of the nature of a bruise. Howbeit, we leave this case to the good Chirurgeons judgement. For parts severed by biting may well be joined with a thread, in some cases. Sewing is to no purpose, where a Wound uncovereth a Bone broken, or whole, for it will not have ado with ensounding through sewing: except the discovered be first clad, and the second united together again naturally.  
Also a wound in a musculous place, specially overthwart the Muskell, 
Of wound● of the muscles  utterly refuseth sewing, as Avicen saith in the chapter of binding of wounds in Lacertes and Muskelles. Or be it a Lacert, which is rend in latitude, it is not drawn together, but rather some thing is put between, least the skin grow together. etc. Wherefore he would the wound went at large, whiles the cure is after the second intention. The same do sinewy places desire also, for if they be sewed, the Lips will grow to one, and the Sinews under covert, will cast reumetike matter, and shortly cause apostumation, so that ye shallbe driven, whether ye will or not, to loose the seam or make a new incision. Therefore to avoid this inconvenience, we shall suffer such wounds, to run at large for a season: and so ye shall have them, more tractable in handling. How be it, here is a tedious disputation moved. whether a cut sinew should be sewed, or not. For there be sundry opinions, and aucthorityes of the learned, of the one side, and of the other. And verily, if I should dispute the matter, I would maintain both the opinions, although at this present, I assent with master John de Uigo, not for that I have sworn, to say as he saith, but because his words, seem most consonant to reason.  
And to Avicen, where he sayeth, if the sinews be broken in latitude, than it is necessary to sew the wound: and if it be not sewed, 
Of sinews  the Wound will not grow together. Howbeit, I will omit the prosecution of this question sith it is not necessary unto this treatise. But yet by the way, mark well the saying of Avicen, where he commandeth to sew the wound of necessity Certes, I, after Marianus would let it go open. But he meaneth of a large. wound, which would 'cause great deformity, if it be unsewed. And likewise, if it be sewed, that there be a great distance between stitch & stitch And on the other side, where I said, I would suffer it to be louse. I meant of a small wound, which experience shall teach you to be true. Moreover, many dolorous and apostumated wounds, will none of sewing, which, what for the facility, and manifest appearance, needeth no further declaration. For the cause is open to them, that will diligently consider the matter. These be the causes, where we use not to sew Wounds, 
How to sew a wound, and how not.  and be worthy to be put in memory. Now will I return, from whence I degressed. Now these cases excepted, sew the wound, with a well twisted thread, drawn through Wax, as we said before, always remembered that ye leave some place open in the lowest part, where matter may have issue forth. When ye have so done, ye must apply this medicine, which is mingled of the white of an Egg, and a little Oil of Roses. This is done, because the patient should not greatly be troubled, at the removing. For ofttime is caused so great pain, namely in hearye places, 
The Chirurgeon must look pleasantly upon his patient.  that the patient seemeth to be cramped, or ●a●kt with convulsion▪ And let this remain xxiiii hours in the wound if ye fear any bleeding. And when this time is expired, visit your patient again, with a gladsome countenance, and whiles ye be merely talking with him take of all the coveryngs, and then enbaulme it, with a digestive of yolks of Eggs, and clear Terebintine, laid in a cloth. But if the wound be in the head, or any place of much feeling, take Oil of Roses, in steed of Terebintine, wherewith proceed in the cure, till matter be caused in the place. And when that is done, set the digestive a part. For if ye proceed further, it were but to put putrefaction, to putrefaction. Nevertheless, the brinks of the wound, must be oiled with Rosed omphacine, that is Oil of Water lilies. After ye have so visited the wound, ye shall spread this defensive, one hand bread from it.  

A defensive.  Take of Rosed Oil. ℥, two. ss. of all the Saunders ana. ʒ. two. of Bole Armoniack. ii.ss. the white of an Egg, and a little Vinegar, if the wound be distant from a sinewy place, if not Wine of Pomegarnettes, in steed of Vinegar. All which, cause to be drawn in a mortar that it be at hand, when need shall require. When ye have thus proceeded four or five days, them must you give over the digestive, and use a mundyfication, which is thus mingled Take of Rosed Honey, ℥ ii of Terebintine. ℥ iii let them seethe a little, putting thereto. i.ss. of Barley meal, with. ℈ i of Saffron. All which must be incorporated at the fire, and used the space of viii days, or there about, as is expedient. And as for the sounding, use the ointment, that I describe in apostumations, wherewith I ensound or make whole, almost all kind o● breaches, as our fryend can witness, which (because he would have the certainty) would needs be present, when we cured a sore man of an apostumation under the arm hole, which Albenzoar Rasis reckoned for uncurable. If any fattysh flesh grow, at the enclosing thereof, ye shall remove it with unguentum Mixtum, mingled of unguentum Aegyptiacum, and unguentum Apostolorum, of each like quantity, or else take this powder, which myself did mtuch use. Take of Citrine Mirabolanes. ʒ.ss. of Terra Sigilla●a. ʒ.i. of burnt roch Alum. ʒ. two. let them be stamped small, and the powder used for a corrosive, wherewith ye shall get the victory and triumph over the malady.  Soarenes. 
Thus have ye spoken of a simple deep fleshy wound: now I pray you, proceed to the double wound, and the cure thereof.  Chirurgi. 
Restitution is made, with a matter of an other kind▪ as in bones and sinews. Howbeit, some authors affirm, that broken and displaced bones in young children, be united again, with matter of the same kind, For why members▪ which Physicians call spermaticzl, being once loosed, will not be joined again, with Poros sarcoides▪ which is of an other kind. Now therefore, here have we to declare, how this, means may be obtained, in a double wound, of the elbow or hand. For of all wounds, they be most hard and dangerous, and specially of the hand for the multitude of sinews and cords, and otherwise, scarcity of nutrative humours▪ Therefore let us take in hand, even as it were now newly come to our c●re▪  
Now than my fryend, when ye be called to any such chance, remember ye look seriously, that no shiver nor gobbet of bone be left in the wound, which might sharpen and anger the virtue natural, through some dolour and pricking. 
Captain 〈◊〉, Reed of the holy Island.  As it hath chanced in a famous worthy Gentleman and Soldier, called Captain Reed, whose arm was broken at Lith, in war, Anno. 1559. and many bones remained, to his hurt for a tyme. For if these accidents a rise, they show an apostumation at hand: the affect and coming whereof we aught by all means, ways, and policies to imbar, 
To cleanse the wound▪ and draw forth broken bones.  lest it creep to the wounded place. And ye shall obtain this, if ye observe this order, which I will give you. First cleanse the Wounds of all shivers of bones, and then if any bones be fully cut of, place them in their rooms as orderly as ye can. When ye have done, have a table at hand, well couched and covered with soft lint, that the hand or member may be placed to rest thereon. And forthwith sew up the wound, in case it be large, For a small wound as we said before, must be left open, to the intent reumeticke matters may have free liberty and issue, to come forth. But take heed in sewing that ye prick no sinew, and that passage be left in the lowest part, for sanious matter, which shall grow, or be caused there, to issue forth When the wound is sewed, and the hand laid on the table, then must you apparel the same with fine lint, dipped in the whites of Eggs: and so leave it gently enroled, for the space of xxiv, hours, giving the patient a convenient regiment of life in diet according to his nature.  soreness. 
What shall we do then, when this is doen. as you have commanded, in this most goodly wholesome order?  Chirurgi. 
AS soon as that time shallbe expired, return again to the patient, taking a Barbour with you, to make a convenient blood letting, on the other contrary part: & this is done, 
When to let blood on the contrary side of the body.  that the matter ready to cause apostumation, fall not to the place, which is made weak by means of the wound. And the vein must be opened for bleeding the second day, for saving of good blood. For if the vein were opened the first day▪ than good blood might be drawn, aswell as evil. Now when ye have done with the blood letting, open the wound▪ and apply these Medicines, for the cure thereof, as follow in order. R. of most clear Terebintine. ℥ ii of oil of Hypericon. ℥ iii mingle them at the fire, power them warm into the wound. For if it be applied cold, inconvenience might ensue thereof, as Hypocrates saith: cold is an enemy to the sinews, teeth, bones, brain, 
Cold is an evil enemy to the sinews.  and nuke of the neck, but heat is profitable and friendly. Therefore it is right convenient, that in all your works, about double wounds, ye eschew medicines, which shall be actually cold, and see ye keep the member warm, as a Woman delivered of her burden. Moreover, in the brinks and circuit of the wound, ye shall apply pieces of cloth, thoroughly weated in Rosed oil, wherein Anglet witches, or earth worms have been sodden. For this will comfort the part, & also 'cause evaporations of humours, if any should approach. Again, anoint this defensive about the cubit or Elbow, to defend the Wound from fleeting matters. For this do thus. R▪ oil of Roses. and of Mirtille oil, ana. ℥. i.ss. of Bole armoniac, Terra sigillata, Dragon's blood, 
Abunerflue to cleanse and dry.  ana. ʒ. i.ss. of all the Saunders. ana. ʒ. i ss. of white Wax. q. ss. and let it be made to a soft defensive, in manner of a lineament. And when ye have thus proceeded in the cure .6. or 7. days or more, as unto the time the sinews cast some reumaticke matter, than it shallbe time to go to abstersive, or drying. The first, whereof is thus made. Take of Terebintine. ℥. i.ss. & of Syruppe of Roses. ℥ i seethe them a little, and whiles they be seething, put thereto q. ss. of Barley meal, 
A god abstersive. q. ss. is as much to say as will suffice  and of Sarcocole, and Frankincense, ana. ʒ. ss. of Saffron. ℈. ss. and stir them well, till they be incorporated, and mingled together. This is a gentle abstersive, without biting or nipping, which is necessary in such Wounds.  Soarenes. 
All this shall I gladly do to myself and others, but a God's name, what shall I then take in hand, to proceed any further?  Chirurgi. 
YE shall minister this ointment, as the learned Chirurgeons did order it, which is. R. Of Calves and Cows fat l.ss. of oil of Roses, of Rosel ana. ℥. ss. of lethargy of silver. ℥. iii.ss. of fresh odorant Wine. ℈ i of Anglet wiches or earth worms ℥ ii of Honey, S. Ihons Wort, Madder, and flowers of Rose Marie, an. M. ss. Let all these be boiled together, the Terebintine and lethargy only excepted, until such time, as the Wine be wasted, and then strayn the foresaid decoction, and boil it in a new together with the Litarge, till it have gotten a very black colour, and lastly put the said Terebintine to it, 
A good ointment for wounds.  with q. ss. of white Wax. And so this will be a soft ointment, most convenient for wounding of sinews. And this kind of ministration, must be continued, unto the time of sealing and ensounding: for which purpose, ye may use this decoction following, or that, which was discrived before, in apostumations. But ye shall find this decoction following better because it doth ensound and comfort the member withal: and therefore ye may boldly use it in this place.  
Take of Roses, Myrtles, UUormewood, flowers of Pomegarnetes ana. M.i. ten Cypress Nuts, and boil them in read Wine, unto the wasting of the third part, which use, and apply with a Sponge well pressed, for the repair of the member. 
To end a double wound and begin accidents.  And this was mine order, my friend, which in good faith, got me both honesty and profit. This I suppose sufficient, as far as it appertaineth to the help of a double wound. Now is it time, to come to the accidents, whereof we mentioned a little before: which thing, yet nevertheless, I would have omitted, had I not perceived, that ye were so desirous of it, and doubtless, not without good cause. For why, the greatest part and feat of curing of wounds or ulcers (whereof by God's help, we shall reason to morrow) standeth in the removing of the evil accidents. And therefore, 
Nature subject to many calamities.  lest I should be seen to defraud you, of your desire, I will once venture myself for your sake, under this Burden, heavy though it be. verily I can not but much marvel, how it should be, that our nature is subject to so many chances, and so great jeopardies: when I consider the accidents, in sewing UUounds, which when they be fallen, they bring not only the slender witted and learned, but trouble witty and far casting men also. 
when the Chirurgeon is put to shame.  What think you the common sort of Chirurgeons will do when they see learned to seek, to be uncertain, and to run from medicine, to medicine, think ye not, but they will make Light of the matter: if they see a man, to be tormented, with pain, burst with apostumation▪ vexed with evil complexion, to burn in Fevers, to be racked with cramps, to have Apoplexes, yea, and to be distract of their wits to? Therefore lest we be reckoned of their number, and charged with the crime of vnmerci●ulnes: let us endeavour ourselves, to the uttermost of our possibility. that we master every of them with many medicines, when they befall. For if they be not well handled, they will rob us of our honest name health and profit, and all the patients of their lives, which is their chief jewel. Wherefore, we must besterre us in the matter diligently when Nature is extremely vexed with dolour: and way with ourselves, whether it come of the breach of continnaunce, or drying of the wound, or else by reason of gathering of some humeral matter. And it it come by breach of continuance, or drying of the wound, then shall a molificative be best, for the opening thereof. But if it come by heaping of humeral matter, then drying medicines shall be best against the pain, without any respect of time, which be mingled of Oils, meal and other drying simples. These things well considered, first if the wound be pained, through lack of digestion, it may be eased with this.  
Take of soft bread sodden. M.i. goats milk. ℥, vi. of oil of Roses, and Camomile. ana. ℥ two and yolks of three Eggs, all which do mingle together in a pot, the yolks reserved, and boil it, till the oils be well drunken up of the Bread, and then take it from the fire, and mingle the yolks withal. Thus shall you have, if ye boil it accordingly, an hard Plaster, to be applied warm to the place.  soreness. 
But what if this your medicine serve not to the purpose, have ye no more plenty of medicines then in store?  Chirurgi. 
YEs forsooth, that I have a medicine of great virtue following. Take a quarter of a pint of the decoction of Mallows, and Violets, or Mutton broth of the Weader, or else of any beast that men use to eat, and let bread be well steeped therewith, and afterward boil it, as it was said before. But remember to put a little Saffron in this, as it may in the former also, if it please the Chirurgeon. But if it come of heaping of matter, use these medicines that follow.  
Take of small ground Bran. M.iii of Barley and Bean meal ana. ℥ ii of Camomile, Melilote, and Worm wood, finely shorn, ana M. ss. of Odorant Wine, three cupfulles, boiling them at the fire, with sufficient Sape, and in the end put thereto oil of Camomile, and of Roses ana ℥. ij.ss. oil of Dill. ℥. ss. with a little Saffron, and make hereof a soft plaster, after the manner of a cerate. I warrant you, with these ye shall assuage the dolour, which for the most part draweth matter to the place, as a cupping Glasse●, namely if it be cold. And if it come of heat, then altar the hot receipts, according to the necessity. And when the dolour is once appeased, ye shall easily win the Bulwark as touching the rest of the cure. Now ye shall repress apostumation, if ye apply the defensive above described, when ye have let the patient bleed, with a diversive blood letting a clyster going before: But if there appear swart redness about the Wound, the cause is an evil complexion, 
To correct a smart wound.  for correcting whereof, ye may use these receipts. Take Oil of Roses. ℥ iii and mingle the same with the yolks and whites of two Eggs, which apply, being well shaken together in linen. Or thus. Take. ℥ ij. of unguentum Rosatum, oil of Roses. ℥ i and put them in a Leaden mortar, casting thereto of juice of Lettuce. ℥ i ss. of lethargy. ʒ. ss. of Terra sigillata. ʒ.i. and draw this, till it be as a fine lineament, whereby ye shall fully remove, and correct the evil complexion. But if the patient shall be vexed with any fever, convulsion, palsy, alienation of mind, swooning, or such like, by reason of moving of the humours, take a Physician to you, and he will amend these accidents. For if I should now order Siruppes, and Potions (albeit that I intend also at more leisure, to speak more of them in that place, but not now) I might seem to put my scythe in an other man's corn. For why, here we talk not of Physic, but of Chirurgi, which is somewhat contented with Ointments, Fomentations, Plasters, and Linaments. This is the Money, which I had to coin this day, to the intent I might be able to pay you, without further suit in the Law. For ye bound me so straightly, with an oblygation of an oath. Albeit in this case, every honest man will willingly keep touch to discharge his credence to his power.  soreness. 
O, how rightly judge you? But now gentle Chirurgi, in as much as you have yielded us the use of this day, let us departed for the tyme. Howbeit, let us repair hither again, I pray you to morrow, to the intent the rest, if any be, may be paid: and so we receive the whole sum in assurance, whereof ye have given us, sore people, this earnest penny. And in the mean● time, we Sore and Lame, give thanks to the living God, for his dear benefits, which of his mercy, he hath plentifully bestowed upon us to relieve us with his gifts, 
God giveth health.  and by his means, that we have learned, to help and heal ourselves when we are lame and sore, whereby we may be profitable to our common wealth, I therefore desire you, when you be at leisure, to treat somewhat of ulcers,  Chirurgi. 
NOW, an ulcer is a breach of continuance, with putrefaction and rottenness, caused in process of tyme. 
What an Ulcer is.  And their breeding or engendering▪ commonly (as Avicen taketh it) is of ulcerated breakyngs forth of bushes, and of wounds evil handled. Wherefore, wounds) as our chyeftayn and grand master, affirmeth in the first treatise of ulcers) as soon as their due time of digestion, and abstersion is expired, and yet nevertheless, they remain foul and full of corruption, must be called Ulcers properly, and not wounds: whereof it is a consequent, 
All sores voiding virulent matter are called Ulcers.  that every breach of continuance, which voideth matter, or virulency, shall undoubtedly be called an Ulcer. Whereof some be fathered of an hot, and some of a cold humour. The ulcers▪ which be found with redness, and itching in the edges, come of the hot the other, which be without great redness and itch, and have also wide roots, are fed and nourished of cold. Again, among Ulcers, some be of small importance, and some be right dangerous. All be dangerous, which breed no sanious matter▪ when the time is to breed it: or when some apostumation is concurrant, which shallbe hidden secretly, without evident cause. For if the apostumation vanish, by reason of some medicine, having power to work that effect, it were no matter, but if it vanish without cause, and lie secretly a lurking: Certes, it importeth no good, but evil, as spasmes, distractions and alienation of mind. Howbeit, there be also Ulcers, as Avicen saith, which properly, and as it were of their own nature, produce their effects now and then, as ulcers of the back, of sinews, of the knees, of the hanche, and all such as have great alliance with the Nuke, whereof, some be tractable, and some repined utterly against Chirurgj, in their cure.  
All kind of Ulcers be most hard of cure, which succeed any sickness▪ and end the same, by the way of evacuation: 
Ulcers be hard to cure that follow a sickness.  For nature useth to unburden herself, at that place, from thenceforth, of her evil and unprofitable superfluities. Likewise bodies, which be accidental, moistye, or dry, will not easily be cured of their Ulcers: as women with Child, and folk sick of the dropsy: which is the caused in the one through abundance of accidental moisture: in the other, by reason of retained superfluities. Again, dry and ethical members, may not easily be ensounded, for want of good blood: We see the like effect in old silly bodies (which, what for lack of digestion of their meats, their natural heat being almost extinguished▪ and what for lack of good blood) be continually eaten up of Ulcers. Often time an evil Complexion, is cause why, an Ulcer is not healed and ensounded. Wherefore in especial, have the Complexion in consideration, and never rest till ye have corrected the same. For why, otherwise the nourishment, which creepeth thither, will be turned into an evil matter when it is not ruled and mastered of nature. For what is an evil matter else but corrupted Nutriment, which Nature could not order▪ ne was able to convert into the second Humidyties? And to the intent ye may achieve this well, ye shall bestow a little Labour, to know the Natures of simples, and Signs of Complexions, which ye may learn of Galen, in his Book, de arte medendi. And spend not your time in trifles and words, that pass with the wind, 
Chirurgeons do not agreed.  neither in crooked & distorted arguments. For what good shall you do to your pacyents, when they cry for your help, when ye have made a great sort of subtle arguments. Whether there may be a neutrality, or mean between sickness and health, in any body. Again sith we see that they, which have made mention in their books, be all at square, and none wholly of others opinion. Why do we embrace such losing of time? Therefore I will advise you, to follow with all diligence, Master John Tagaltius, who groundedly and pythlye in his doings, seeketh out fruitful matters, omitting trifles.  
On the other side, the Ulcers, which may be easily cured, are those that chance in bodies of good complexions, and be nourished with good blood, without affluence of many superfluities. 
Ulcers in good complexions, ●r soon cured.  Amongst which some abide in their newly caused continuance, and some fall to discontinuance again. The Ulcers which fall again to discontinuance, b●e (as Avicen teacheth) where flesh is caused and generated or ever the mundification be complete. For in as much as unclean superfluities, be there secretly hidden, it followeth of necessity, that the continuance be loosed and broken up again. And for this cause, such breaches of continuance and sores, be reckoned for fistulas, with the learned Physicians.  

Five kinds of Ulcers.  Further note here, that there be five kinds of ulcers in general an ulcer virulent, filthy, hollow, rotten & corrosive. But me thinketh it is meet first, or ever we meddle with the cure of these generals, that we recite the accydents of ulcers, which cumber and hinder us, in the cure: And when we have so done, then shall we recite, and treat of their cures. For in case we correct not the accydents, which make most for the knowledge quod quid est rei, as Aristotle saith in his books, De Anima, we shall never win the victory of the ulcers, though we strive right stoutly in the cause, because the accidents hold of the sore, and be of part against the cure,  
Now the accidents which happen in ulcers, be these, bleeding superfluous flesh, 
Accidents in ulcers, their names.  evil in savour, Lips, dolour: apostumation, hardness, corrupted bones, swelling veins, and roundness, and every of these require properly a cure by themself, which if it be denayed them, when they call for it, either we shallbe convented before A judge, to give every man his own, or the debt not paid, there may be no confederation in amity with men. Therefore lest we be troubled in the law or charged with tyranny, let us see how we can discharge our hands, of these accidents, and first of bleeding.  
Every flux of blood, dear brother Soarenes, commonly proceedeth from a primitive cause▪ 
The flux of blood proceeding of a primitive cause.  For the antecedent, we will omit at this present, least happily, whiles we pass over our own, and rush rashly into other men's doors, we might anon be thrust forth by the head for thieves. Therefore, to avoid this dishonesty, we will only speak of bleeding, coming of a cause primitive. Now therefore a moresage or bleeding, cometh of late division of the continuance▪ 
Distilling of Blood from the veins.  or by reason of putrefaction of the same, In wounds we find swe●●ng of blood, from a vein, and sometime swelling and ●le●yng of blood, by little and little. A vein sweateth blood, when he is bereft of his proper covering. Wherefore in this case, we judge it necessary, that the Physician hast to repair with gentle medicine, that, which was wasted with cruel weapon. This is done by covenable sewing of the wound, but in case the vessels be broken, and the blood run at liberty: it is to be considered, whether the blood run gently, 
Of woun●●● drepe, and 〈◊〉 deep.  or else spring and amount fiercely in his stream. If it fleet myldlie, than it is plain, that it cometh of veins, and is somewhat gross, and dimmysh read: but if it mount on height, be read, foaming and clear, it is an artery, But as touching the cure, these things must first be considered, whether the whole vein be cut, observe the order, which shall be declared anon, Next consider, whether the wound be deep, or superfyciall. If it be superficial, apply incarnatyves to it, which shall be such as follow.  
Take sarcocol, Myrrh, Aloes Epatike, Dragon's blood: mastic, ana, as ye shall think convenient. For so of every of them, may be ordered by yourself, according to the pacyents' complexion. 
Repercussives  And with this ye shall withstand this kind of bleeding, which is wont to cumber men very much Afterward, when this medicine is cast into the Wound, ye shall roll small quisettes of lint, and wet the same in the whites of Eggs, well shaken and beaten with dust of Bole Armoniac, and lay them orderly in the wound. These also must be covered with a linen Cloth, well weate in the same white of Eggs, and afterwards be bound, observing always, that the binding be handsomely done, that it 'cause no dolour. But if the Wound be deep, ye shall consider with diligent heed, whether the gap may be sufficiently stopped, if it be deeply stytched, and if reason allow, that ye shall not in any wise omit the sewing: that done, immediately let follow a linen cloth, infused in the same whites of Eggs, and dust aforesaid. If ye see that sewing will not serve. follow the order, which I myself followed, and had ever good Success, as my Pacyents can tell and witness themselves.  
And first ye shall wash the wound, with read or binding wine, and that for two causes. The one is to comfort the place: the other to wash of the blood that none may hinder the sight, 
To stop a bleeding vein.  to see where the medicine aught to be applied. Again, that no blood be left, to 'cause corruption. For ye shall shortly after, feel with your Instrument, what watrysh and filthy savour it will 'cause, if ye let any remain. Now, when ye are at point with these matters, a new ●abour and care will take handfast on you, that ye shall not be idle. Then ye shall lute the gap, or mouth of the veins, which spout lout blood with this medicine, R. The dust or powder of Galls, bean meal, and Mill dust. ana. ℈ ii John Uigos' powder called Praecipetatum. ʒ.i. & mingle them with sufficient white of an Egg, and apply it to the gap of the vein, 
When to incarnate, and when to separate a sor●.  as I said. Now if it shall come of putrefaction, lay all incarnatives apart, and set your mind to the separation thereof: which ye shall do with unguentum AEgyptiacum, if the putrefaction be but small, and between two parts of the flesh. And AEgyptiacum must be made, after the description of Avicen▪ even at home, Uert grece. Roche Alum, in quantity parts a like if it be deeper than so, then apply the Trochiskes, which I will describe in the end of the book: which will remove the rotten flesh, from the good without great pain. But this can no man rightly minister, except he have seen it ministered before: therefore if ye set your minds to attain to this, choose some expert Chirurgeon for the purpose, which can distinct these things unpractice. And in good faith, if trouble did not withdraw me from practycing, I would show you this point myself.  
On the other side, when the vein is but partly opened, incontinent ye must remember these two points, to wete, that the vein must fully be cut of, or be bounden and knit. The one point we call incision of a vein, the other binding of a vein. 
Of incision of small veins.  Incision is made and used, where the things before mentioned, did not serve, as some, where they do not in deed. And this is practised for this purpose, because the ends of the vein being cut of, should run back, and be hid within the flesh, and so be covered, whereof will ensue stopping of the vein. Howbeit▪ this may not be practised indifferently in all veins, but only when they appear small. For when they be great and gross, then shall you use one other fetch, not much unlike the former. Mark then, before ye make the incision, whether if a small drawing of the flesh be made, it were possible to knit the vein in the upper part, which thing were much tolorable in this work. If that may not be, cut of the vein with an hot Iron, or Instrument, made fit to that, or to the like purpose. But take heed, that ye make not the incision to deep, jest ye cut the artery, which accompaneth the vein: for there be few veins, which have not arteries associated with them. Now one cunning Man when he was called to one, who had bled two days, and many right skilful in the matter, had been in a peck of troubles, about staunching of the blood: perceiving by questioning with them, that were present, that they had omitted nothing: 
Deep incision hurteth the arteires.  that men commonly use in such cases, lest he should seem a Dorre amongst labouring Bees: and again, lest he should have failed them who had said much upon his head, used this feat, wherewith he procured himself profit, and his pacyents saue●ie, though men despaired of his life. For some of them that were present, remembered the saying of Avicen, 
Evil accydents follow bleeding.  who saith, that evil accydents, are wont to follow bleeding as convulsions, through emptiness, yexing proceeding of drying of the villes of the stomach, and alteration of mind, with other symptoms which in this case are arguments and signs of cold Death, For these be th● accidents that follow bleeding, 
Signs of death.  and when they appear, they sygnify death to be at hand, but to my purpose He pierced the lip of the wound▪ in the upper part, even unto the cut vain, and left the same untouched of the needle, on the one part: then conveyed he his needle underneath the vein: to the other part, and pierced again the lip, from the lower to the upper part, in such wise that he altered the vein, 
A good practice.  knitting the ends of the thread together, and fastening it to the lips of the wound, and thus delivered he the patient, even from deaths door, and present danger. But I say my Friends, one thing more, remember that about all your Works, of staunching of blood (when▪ ye have filled the wound with quisets) lay some piece of cloth upon the same, well weate in water, and Rosed Uinegar, 
To staunch blood.  so that the piece may compass the whole member, where the bleeding is. Now with such frates and engines, shall you triumph over all unbridled blood flowings, with much praise, & erect up worthy Monuments of your acts. We have now, as it may be thought, spoken enough, and enough of bleading: wherefore lest the time fail us, being so swiftly measured, by the first movable, let us now take the cures of ulcers in hand, where we shall bridle the rest of the accidents belonging to ulcers. For if we would treat properly of every of them, it should be a long matter, and displeasant. For why? the same things should needs be iterated, and repeated again, and yet again in diverse cures.  soreness. 
BUt yet my brother, me thinketh it were not superfluous, in our communication, if you did shortly declare, or ever you entered this matter, whereof ulcers take their name in especial, sithen we have found in writing, that they are here and there named, of their causes, as of a matter that went before, or else of their accidents, by reason of their causes.  Chirurgi. 
THey be named sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, & melancholic, according as any of these humours, shall excessively abound in them. 
Sanguine. Chollorike, Apostumations.  Or of their accidents, they call them hard, cavy, fistulous, rotten, cankerous, corrosive, dolorous, apostumated, evil lipped, & so forth, as any accident shall cumber the ulcer. Howbeit the true causes, where of ulcers take their names, essence and being, be but two, even the antecedent, and conjunct: the antecedent, is, where is corruption with an excessive quality of evil humours, proceeding of an inordinate regiment of life, having power to fret, viciate, and corrupt the parts of the bodies. The cause conjunct, is nothing else but a malicious complexion, caused of Wounds breaking forth, and opened bushes, 
Anticedent, & Coniunc●●.  namely when they be evil handled of Chirurgeons, and Physicians, as we see daily in our time: we can also divide ulcers otherwise. For some be plain, some deep, and of the same some hard, some soft: Again some standing, some running or creeping. And likewise, some of them be corrosive, some putrefied: but because such definitions, make better for the dulling of the wit, than quickening: I purpose not to make any special mention of them in cures. Ye may note, that often time, they be turned after some property or quality of the matter, or Sanies, which shallbe in them. For our Doctors, and chief Physicians say, 
Sanies is matter coming of corrupted blood▪ or else putrefaction, and sometime it is taken for poison.  there be four kinds of matter, or Sanies, which the Latins thus term, & cannot well be Englished, Sanies, Pus, Virus, Sordities whereof they surname them▪ with like derived terms. And according to these number & terms. I mind to speak of ulcers here consequently in their order. But first of a sanious ulcer.  
And thus shall we do, if God so will, when we have said somewhat of Sanies. For in as much, as we intend to speak of a sanious ulcer, it is reason that we know first, what Sanies is, whereof it springeth, and what be his causes. And by the reason of this, we shall easily know the correction of ulcers, which thing (as we take it) consisteth in knowledge of the causes, rectification of complexions, and comforting of members. Now Sanies is nothing else, but corrupted food or nourishment which nature was not able to digest, neither turn into the second humours, which they call glue, D●we, and the humour unnamed: Sanies is caused and generated, when nutritive matter, coming or all ready come to a member, may not be converted into the nature of a member, by reason of the weakness of the same, or superfluityes of other members approaching together. 
Strong members do oppress the weak.  For as Galen writeth, the strong members do oppress the weak, and put of their superfluities to them, which be turned into Sanies, or virulency Wherefore, when we purpose to cure any weak member, we must endeavour ourselves with all possibility, to strengthen it with some Medicine comfortative, that it may put of strange superfluities. And verily binding medicines, being of such heat, as shall not exceed the natural heat of the weak part, shall comfort greatly, as Galen saith in the third De arte medendi. The same effect have defensives also, if they be likewise qualified. And after what sort this must be done, the nature of simples itself, will inform you. Therefore▪ bestow some labour, in the search of simples, to the intent ye may fetch them readily, as it were from a store house, and not seek at all adventure by chance medley, as they grope for a pin in the dark. The like mischief is committed in administrations of Ointments, which be hot, or moisty of complexion, and both the qualities do promote a soar to putrefaction. For in heat and moisture, if heat rule not the same, than they are causes at first dash, to 'cause putrefaction, as Aristotle Prince of Philosophers affirmeth▪ Therefore, who so ever purposeth, to exercise Chirurgj, must labour wi●h all industry, to know the nature of ointments, at his finger's end. I speak not of the names of Ointments, as the imperickes, and some of our Men do, 
Chirurgeons must know Simples.  which profess Chirurgj, as soon as they can name & recite unguentum Basilicum, Nigrum, Aureum, Apostolorum, Aegyptiacum, Rosarum, Album Camphoratum, Lithargicum, Ceracinum. etc. whereof they brag, and spread a peacocks tail against the simple. But I mean the qualities of ointments, which must be divers, in divers maladies, according to our entencion curative, in the malady. For sometime we comfort, sometime we moist, somewhere we dry, as also oftentimes we cool, or heat. Therefore, it is not to be marveled, that such venterlinges and younglings stumble so oft at a Straw. For why, these men be utterly lost in their books, and will not vary from them one finger breadth, whereof spring many errors, specially when they understand not, which one learned man recordeth, considering he spared not to try out in the matter, 
Fools with books, be worse than unlearned practitioners.  in his Aphorisms, saying, to work after Books, without perfit knowledge, and a fine wit, is a right cumbrous thing. Wherefore I exhort you, most dear Brethrens, that you order your medicines, according to the complexion of the member, and your intention in the cure. And if it be possible, make your medicines yourself, and trust not so much the Apothecaries, lest ye be deceived with the blessed terms, I will not say cursed, entitled quid pro quo, because he is dead that made it. For as men have divers Phisiognomyes', divers qualities, and quantities, with sundry Complexions given them partly by influences, & partly by tracts, & divers Regions, so have the simples: also as great variance amongst themselves, 
Uariety o● Simples.  in as much as they be of sundry shapes, places, and countries, from whence they acquire proper natures, qualities and powers in working. Wherefore Avicen crieth out in the Cannon of ulcers, saying: Medicamen quidem unum, secundum quaedam corpora facit nasci carnem, secundum quaedam est corrosiwm: which is thus much to say: One medicine in divers bodies, hath divers effects and operations. In one, by reason of the property of the Body, it causeth flesh to grow: the same in some other is wasting, and right abstersive, specially, if the body be soft and fine. Wherefore this is inferred, that ointments should be made, 
Avicen.  according as the Complexion of the member shall require. And this sentence toucheth the fine speached Cornelius Celsus, our darling, saying: Ignorari non oportet quod non omnibus aegris eadem auxilia conferunt: Wherefore, be you wise and circumspect in your confections, lest it be your chance, to fall into the Noddies had I witted. Now as touching the judgement of Sanies, that Sanies shall be called good, as Avicen saith, which is white, smooth, 
C▪ Celsus.  and like in every part: which sentence he borrowed of Hypocrates the divine Physician. in his book of Prognostications, where he saith, Ea putredo laudatur. etc. white Sanies is praised, which is like over all, equal in the utter face, and not ill favoured, the contrary is most evil. Now if ye will know why Sanies should have these properties, read Avicen in the Chap. concerning the judgement of Sanies, where ye find even your fill, of causes showed of the said property, which ye may seek at his hands, and not now at mine, for it would draw us farther from our purpose. Ye may also have respect to Galen, upon the first of the Prognostications: where ye shall read certain divine things, for the perfit attainment of this matter. 
Sanious matter.  Ye have now sufficiently heard what Sanies is, whereof it cometh, and of what sort it is. Now we will join hereunto, the cure of a sanious ulcer.  soreness. 
Speak now of ulcers, I pray you, that I and my soar brethren, may perceive them plainly.  Chirurgi. 
WHerefore, for your better understanding, ye shall note, that there be two sorts of ulcers: 
Two sundry sorts of Ulcers.  Whereof some be simple, and some be compound. I mean not, that they be simple absolutely, but simple, after some manner of simplicity. For why, their being is of an evil Complexion, breach of continuance, & sometime composition, also with a concourse of evil qualities. But I say, they be simple, so farforth as they be opposite to ulcers, where accidents be found, letting the true ensounding of ulcers. For here we call them compound, which have such accidents. Wherefore, when I name a sanious ulcer, as we reckon the matter, ye shall understand it, of that which is fully void & clear of the said accidents, not withstanding it be tangled, with some doubleness and composition. Therefore we will speak first of a simple ulcer, which is in the plain: and then of a simple depressed, or hollowed, which done, we shall in like manner and order treat of the compounded, from which kind, the almighty and merciful God, preserve us all.  

Ulcers hot cold, and biting.  And first we note, that all ulcers in that and as farforth as they be Ulcers, require drying in their cure: whereof there be two kinds, the one hot, and the other cold. Again, some be with mordication and ●yting, and some without. All be biting, which in a certain degree of heat, be dry of complexion, which is because heat is yoked, and coupled felowshipped with drought, as Aristotle most learnedly first taught, as ye may read in his books of Generation, 
Aristotle a good note of Elements.  and Corruption. And he saith thus, concerning the mixture of elements: If the coldness of the earth, were changed to heat, it might no longer be named earth, but fire. He saith further, if the drought of the same, were changed to moisture, it should loose the name of earth, and be called water. Whereof it followeth, that things so dried, in case they be found with like Qualities, they will not only waste and gnaw, but also burn, when they be applied. And this do the qualities of the fire, and Mercury Sublimated apartly show. Nevertheless the one shall be so much the less of mordication or fretting, as his qualities shall more be oppressed in it, than in the other. And therefore, be you somewhat the wiser, 
Of exiccatives.  in choosing of your simples, lest ye take one for an other. Now to the intent ye may the rather eschew this foul error, I will give you the difference of exiccatives, or drying Simples, which we use in Ulcers. For by the knowledge of them, ye shall soon come to the cure of Ulcers. These exiccatives be cold: The three kinds of Saunders, Mirabolanes, Terra sigillata, Dragon's blood, Bole armoniac, Tutia, Camphire, Ceruse, lethargy, Uermilion, Sinaper, read Coral, Gum Arabic: these be hot, and without biting or gnawing: Aloes epatik, Myrrh, Sarcocol unholed Galls. etc. Hot with biting and mordication: Uerdigreace, Alum. etc. Of these ye may make Medicines to the purpose, for all kind of, ulcers, 
To know whether ulcers be hot or cold.  so ye know perfectly the property and working of them: ye shall know, whether the ulcer be hot or not, by his edges. For if he be reddish in the edges, it declareth heat: as also, if the flesh be remiss red, and hot in feeling, which may be rectified with unguentum Album, made after this manner.  
R. Oil of Roses. ℥ uj Wether's fat. ℥ four Marrow of the hucclebones of Cows. ℥ two white Wax. ℥. i.ss. Ceruse. ℥. iij.ss. Camphory. ℥ three making it to an ointment, according to the art, which ye shall apply upon the ulcers, when ye have first cast in this powder, 
unguentum Album.  in the soar. R. Of all the Mirabolans, of Terra sigillata, of read Coral. ana. ʒ. j. of Ceruse. ʒ. ij. of Roch Alum brent. ʒ. j. of Crevishe shells. ʒ. j. stamp all these together as small as Sand, which cover, as I said with the ointment above described. But if the flesh be so much overgrown, that the lips do appear upon it, ye shall use unguentum Apostolorum for the correction thereof, observing always warily, that the ulcer be not inflamed again. For some complexions be so tender & soft, that they will be altered almost at the name thereof, as I saw myself in a Citizen of London, whose name I omit, because he hath been unkind to our Arte. When I perceive any such complexion as he was of, I order my rectificative, with such cautel, that it shall both comfort & rectify. After this sort. R. of Oil Rosed. ℥ four of Oil Myrtine. ℥. i.ss. of bean flower. ʒ. iij. of powder of Roses, Myrtils▪ and Cypress Nuts, ana. ʒ. ij. of Acatia. ʒ.ij. of Bole armoniac, of Terra sigillata. ana. ʒ. i. of new Wax. q. ss. and so make thereof a defensive, between hard and soft. And this at two applications, with unguentum Apostolorum will rectify the member, 
To make the skin whole.  and make the Ulcer ready to a Cicatrice. Thus cured John Backter, the learned Chirurgeon, such ulcers in a month, where other, whom ye know, had them in hand a year and more. Now when the flesh is suppressed, & ye purpose to skin the ulcer, it is most expedient, ye use this Lotion. R. Of good clear Wine, one cup full, of read Roses. M. ss. of Rosed Honey strained. ℥. ss. of roche Alum. ʒ. iij. and as much Saffron, as shallbe able to colour the Wine, and seethe all these together, till the Alum be melted, and then moist the Ulcer with this Lyquore, being lukewarm: And maintain it, as soon as it may be, dry the ulcer again, with a fine Linen cloth, that none of the lyquore remain there. For it will 'cause matter and corruption, as it befell under his hands, who is my sworn Enemy. For whiles he laboured to skin the soar, as I did, even with the same Medicine, he caused hollowness in an ulcer. Now when ye have so moisted the ulcer, as is said, lay yet a little cotton in the Ulcer, that the moisture, in case any remain, be fully dried up. Applying upon the same this Ointment, which is very effectual in working of a Cicatrice.  
℞. of Oil of Roses, 
How to make a Cicatrice.  and Myrt. ana. ℥. i.ss. of Uermilion. ℥ two and seeth them together, till they get a very black hugh, and so shall ye finish the cure. Lo, here have you the cure of a sanious plain ulcer. Now will we to the hollow, whereof ye shall receive, large gifts and rewards, if ye handle yourself well, in the reformation of humours, that fall to the place ye know that sharp Humours, will properly fret, and consume the Flesh newly grown, and let the growing of the same, 
Three sundry intentions. Of regiment. Of matter. Of growing.  wherewith the hollowness of the Ulcer, should be filled and restored. For the reformation hereof, shall follow three intentions. The first must be to order the life, with covenable regiment. The second to keep of matter, which approacheth thither. And the third, to 'cause new Flesh to grow, with the skinning of it. The first is had by ordering of the soar things, called not natural, and chiefly with Diet, which must be wholly bend, to the contrary of the humours and qualities, which feed the soar. The repulse of humours may be wrought two ways: either with competent Purgation, or with some unctions and cataplasms, which comfort, and put of, as will the defensive above ordered. Flesh is caused to grow two ways, by letting of the contraries, and by applying of dustes and Ointments, being of like qualities. The dust must be made, by mingling of the exiccatives above rehearsed, which ye must indosate, according to your need. But if ye delight more in Ointments, ye may make that, after this manner.  
R. Of the clearest Terebintine. ℥ two of Honey rosed and strained. ʒ. i.ss. of plantain water. ʒ. iij let them seeth, till the water be wasted, 
An incarnative.  and put thereto of Barley and Bean meal. ana. ʒ. ij. of Frankincense. ʒ. i. with a little Saffron. And so this will be an incarnative, with some stirring, which ye must cover with unguentum Alb●, above described. Besides this, the defensive there ordered, must be nointed about in the circuit, that it be not inflamed to heat again. 
〈…〉 flesh.  Now if the flesh grow to fast, it will be suppressed with unguentum Apostolorum, applied once, or twice, or more if need require. And when that is come to equality with the Edges, then finish your cure, as it was said above, in a plain ulcer. There be other feats and Engines, which cannot be written but are left to Chirurgeons estimations. For some while one quality, some while an other▪ frouneth or flattereth, and must be ruled now hither, now thither, as a Sheep amongst Wolves. Of which point complaineth Avicen, in the entrance of his work, 
Avicen.  saying: The tradition of Physic, containeth less, than is necessary for the Physician. For the overplus, which is left to their judgement & estimation, may not be expressed, and put in writing. Wherefore, to th'intent ye may get this judgement in things, left to Estimation, ye must not loath, nor be high in the instep, to see other expert men's Work. For there by, with diligent advertence, ye shall assuredly gather judgement, & ●e ascertained in your inventions. Now for asmutch, as we have given you the taste, in a hot sanious ulcer, we will venture (I hope luckily) the cure of the cold, observing the same manner and order, which we used tofore in the hot Ulcer.  
Now, when a sanious cold ulcer, cometh to our hands (which thing may easily be perceived by the Eye: 
Cold Ulcer.  for the flesh will be remise white, or wan, notwithstanding, that sometime dim paleness cometh to an ulcer, through blood, running with choler: it is also perceived with feeling of the hand) now then when such ulcers, I say, come to your hands, ye shall not departed in any point from the order, which before was described. Nevertheless, we say for certain, that their remedies as far differ one from the other, as the ulcers in heat & cold. And here we will begin with the defensive, which offereth itself, first in the cure, where our composition was thus.  
R. Of oil of Camomile, and Mirte, ana. ℥ ii, powder of Camomile and Melilot. ana. ʒ·ij. powder of read Roses, 
A defensive.  Myrtles, and Cypress nuts. ana. ʒ, i ss. of Barley and Bean meal. ʒ. two. of new Wax. q. ss. and so make the defensive, between hard and soft, wherewith anoint the circute of the ulcer. R. Of Aloes, Myrrh, Sarcocol▪ ana. ʒ. ss. of Frankincense. ʒ, ij. of Dragon's blood, and flowers of Pomegranates, ana. ʒ. iii. of Saffron. ℈ i and make a powder of all these, covering it afterward with this Ointment following.  
R. Of Oil of Roses. ℥ two of oil of Camomile, and Mirte. ana. ℥ three of Wether's fat. ℥ four of hens grease. ℥ i of Marrow of the Cow & Hart. ana. ℥. i.ss. of lethargy. ℥ ii of Ceruse. ℥ i seethe them, till they be black, & then put thereto of clear Terebintine. 
A sanative.  ℥. i.ss. of Ship Pitch. ℥ i of new Wa●e two ℥. and let them seethe a little again: and when ye have taken them of from the fire, stir them still, unto such time, as it be congealed & firm, otherwise, the Minerals will fall to the bottom in a residence. This Ointment is unguentum Basilicum, after our description and intent. Now in case the Flesh appear foggy and fattishe, then unguentum Apostolorum, shallbe necessary to dry it. For that without question, will bring it to equality of ensounding. And then ye may finish your cure, and skin the same with the lotion above ordered.  
Now in as much, as we be at point with the Simples: or right and congruent, we must lay a foundation for the Compound, 
A good foundation.  so that we may like workmen, build in the human body, or repair ruinous and decayed places, and prop up such as are like to fall. Wherefore, once again remember the accidents, before mentioned, to the intent we may be able to redress, and amend them one by one. For where this may not be obtained, we shall to our reproach, be kept from the true ensounding of the Ulcer. And therefore we purpose, to prosecute the amendment of them in their order accordingly. Now when a compounded Ulcer is offered us, let us look what accidents be concurrant, hindering the ensounding. For if many maladies or accidents, were found in it, we must begin at that, which doth most cumber the ulcer, as Avicen saith: if we will cure a malady, 
In healing a compound ulcer, mark the accidents concurrant.  where divers accidents be concurrant, we must begin at that▪ which hath one of these three properties, una earum est ꝙ alia sanari non potest antequam ipsa sanetur ut apostema, etc. The one is, where the accident is such, that if it be not first cured, the ulcer may not be cured, as apostumation joined with an ulcer. For in this case saith he, we follow the apostumation, unto such time as the malice of the complexion be displaced, and then we follow the cure of the principal. Wherefore, to follow and observe the Canons, accordingly: we shall order principally our intentions, 
first handle the accidents in a cure, and note three things.  so that we first take in hand the accident, which shall chiefly cumber and molest the patient and us in the cure. And the first of these intentions shall be, to order the Pacientes life conveniently. Next to purge the faulty humour, according to the exigent thereof. Thirdly, to amend the maliciousness of the quality, in the Ulcer. This last shall be divided yet again, according to the disposition of the Ulcer, requiring divers intentions. 
Regiment of life.  Now as touching the order of life, you may by your own judgement consider, what is to be done therein: partly by his regiment before time, and partly in his sickness time, turning his Diet to the contrary quality. As thus: if he used a cold regiment before, use him to hot, so if dry, moisty, but do it moderately, and by little and little. For nature cannot away with sudden changes: Howbeit this is not seen lightly in humours, without long use of contraries in foods. We shall know to purge the humours, 
Of urine considered, in every sick or soar man.  by the showing of the sick Water, in two points, that is, by the colour & substance: whereunto is added the residence, with his qualities much or little. And by the signification of these well considered, we may try out all the sick persons complexion.  
For if the urine shall be thick in Substance, and read in colour: it meaneth that blood ruleth the man. If it be thin of Substance, and read of colour: doubt not, but choler hath the pre-eminence. But if it be thick in substance, and white of colour, than phlegm hath the mastery: as if the substance be thin, and colour white, melancholy. Now of, and by the residence, ye shall perceive the time to give potions, and purgations: for when that beginneth to appear, it showeth digestion of the humours to be purged. But there be also refractions of colours, and elevations, and depressions of residences, which signify the denomination and service, of the Natural Heat, 
Of radical moisture.  and wasting of the radycall Moisture: which things. now are not to be prosecuted, because this matter pertaineth to a Physician, whereof if God give me Life, I purpose to treat at convenient leisure: now let this be sufficient for the cure of an Ulcer. If ye will know how an Humour shall be purged, read Leonardus Fuchsius who teacheth to purge, according to the fault of the Humour. Other have at hand, Master Vygoes Book of Chirurgi, where ye shall find, even to the full, how to purge an Humour▪ For if I would distemper Potions, make Morselles, and mingle pylles, I should be troublesome unto you, or ye might it me in the Teeth with the Proverb: ye set the Cart before the Horse: For my Communication should be unsavoury, as it fareth with a Guest, which regardeth not delicate juncates, being filled before. And therefore, leaving these things to you as known, I will pass to the amending, of the Malyciousnesse of an Ulcer, when we apply cool to the hot, & hot to the cold. Likewise, 
Apply contraries.  if the Ulcer be moisty applying dry: if dry, applying moisty Medicines. We shall restrain his Malice by digestion, Mundyfication, corrosion, incision, and also burning and mollifying, as it shall please the Work man. But when, and how, these means shall be put in ure, that shall we show, when we go about to displace the accydents of Ulcers. All which things we do orderly, omitting the former matters, for a time, because trouble hath prevented me.  
We have entreated before sufficiently of bleeding, coming of a cause primative, from whence ye must fetch hither, such things as there were spoken. For it were superfluous, to speak more of the matter in this place. Wherefore, being at point with that accident, I will make forth to the rest, and speak no more of this. The like would I do with superfluous flesh, if I had rehearsed the cause of it, when we speak of a sanious Ulcer. The cause of superfluous flesh, is to much moisture and unclean mundyfication, as Avicen thinketh, in the Chapter of Ulcers. saying: In some Ulcers groweth superfluous flesh, 
The cause of superfluous flesh.  and in some it groweth▪ not. And the Ulcers where it groweth, be they in the which, to much haste is made, in the repair of flesh, before complete mundification. Wherefore take you heed, that ye proceed not to far, in moisting of the Flesh. And as for remedies, the matter is plain, for that we know the cause: but remember that ye quicken or delay, in drought and corrosion, the medicine, according as the matter shall require, and as the Flesh shall be more or less swelled up with foggy Fat. We have seen that this kind of maladies, hath not felt, nor forced of other remedies, and hath required an actually cautery. If this happen under your hands, if easy remedies profit not (of which sort be unguentum Apostolorum, & Aegyptiacum, take a corosive powder, & brent Alum) fear not to dry it with an hot Iron also. And if ye shall so do, & a blisterous crust be risen: ye may displace it, as we showed before in our treatise of apostumations, & then return to the cure again.  
If hard and discovered lips, be found in an ulcer, letting the ensounding, set all your cure, upon the displacing of that evil: omitting no time or hour. For if we do the contrary, we shall in the hast labour in vain, & afterward be compelled, to give over the purpose, & take that in hand at latter cast. Therefore to spend no time in vain, begin with the shearing or cutting of, of the lips. Ye shall cut them of by little, and little, without causing of great dolour, if ye apply this powder, here beneath ordered. For Avicen saith, we should never 'cause dolour in an ulcer, 
Auicens providence.  unless we be constrained to it of necessity, which is, where gentle medicines serve not, and he did not this without foresight. For he was well ware, as a forecasting man, that there would come after him, which would be more likely, to subvert mankind, than to preserve: which would boast themselves of that, that they would imitate no rules of Physic in their works: but follow rather the frantic & pestilent saying, of certain counterfayts of our time, 
Soft Chirurgeons make foul sores. yet Butcherly manglers, ma●re all together.  which have this in their mouths, and have brought it to a common Proverb to, saying: that a wound will breed worms, under a gentle physicians hand. As though ignorant & Bocherly cruelty of the Physician, should be cause of health. I speak of the cruelty, which blind boosardes do use, with all counterfeit boldness, & coloured diligence, in every little fellow, to the intent, they may thereby win the name of learned, and expert Chirurgeons: and not a whit of necessary sharpness, whereunto we be induced, both by the rules, & authentical counsel of learned Physicians, and sweet persuasions of Poets. For this saith the fine wylted, and eloquent Naso, Immedicabile vulnus, est recidendum. etc. Where the wound is uncurable, 
Quid, a good u●te.  saith he, it must be shorn of, that the whole be not infected withal. Again Juvenal with his Satirical trick, one Grape draweth colour of an other, 
Example.  only by reason of their aspect, as one Measelled Hog, measelleth the whole Herd. Virgil also is with us at our Elbow, saying: Culpam ferro compescite. etc. Appease, saith he, the fault out of hand, with the sword, 
Good counsel.  or ever the cursed infection, go farther among the people. Wherefore, when ye shall chance upon such cures, do that which shall appertain to the preservation of the Patient, without all white lyvered womanlike feebleness. And if ye so bold yourself, & work accordingly, the matter well considered, ye shall not be called unmild & cruel, but provident, & merciful: 

How bold the Chirurgeon should be in cure.  
C. Celsus.   notwithstanding the blustering blames of your Adversaries, because ye have saved, and not destroyed your Patient. For doubtless, many sores will not be mended, without the Knife, as Cankers, & others, as Cornelius Celsus showeth in his books, of hand working. We have now run out of our Race, occasioned by blind Chirurgeons, howbeit, we have found nothing to much, their deserts well considered. For who could be so patient to hear them, and would not wear hot in the cause, namely, being exasperated day by day, of such Men? For they cannot see the good live in quiet by them, but they lie in wait for them, with all endeavoured mischief. Well, I relinquish this, lest I should seem, to be delighted in reprehension of men, where my mind is far distant, from that path of writing. Wherefore, let them go play them: we will repair to our powder, which ye shall put on the evil favoured lips of wounds or sores, 
A good powder.  which is this. R. Of Citrine Mirabolaynes. ℥. ss. of read Coral. ʒss. of unholed Galls. ʒ. j. of Dragon's blood, of Terra sigillata, and Ceruse. ana. ʒ. ij. Uerdigrece. ʒ. ij. of Roch Alum brent. ʒ. i sarcocol, Myrrh, Frankincense, mastic, ana. ʒ. i.ss. mingle them all, and powder finely as Alcocoll, upon the which, ye shall apply unguentum Basilicum, after the description in the cure of a cold ulcer. And thus must you proceed, until the accident be removed, which done, prosecute the cure, as is above prescribed. And in case the powder, by reason of his weakness, speed not well the matter, ye may go to stronger Medicines. Whereof this is the first. R Of oil of Roses. ℥ three Wether's fat. ℥ two Marrow of the Huccle bone of a Cow. ℥ i water wherein sublimatum hath been melted. ʒ. i. seethe them softly together, unto the time the water be wasted, and then put thereto. ℥ i of Ceruse, and seethe them again a little, when it is taken from the fire, ye must stir it, till it be thick. This must be spread on a piece of cloth, and laid on the soar, and peradventure, ye shall dispatch the matter with this: If not, take this in hand and without doubt, ye shall win the castle. But yet be ye hereof warned before hand, that it be not applied in any sinuie place, lest while ye seek freedom, ye fall into bondage. As it befell in my friend, when he would bicker with the like ulcer, in a Woman's foot where he could never win the matter, though he left no stone unturned. Nevertheless, if ye be constrained thereto, by any necessity, or ever ye apply this, ye shall first use an universal Purgation, of the whole Body, and also a comfortative to the Nuke, lest haply there arise any Pestilent fumes, ready to 'cause a convulsion, or Spasme: and when ye have so done, proceed forth to the local medicines, which may be thus, which is most excellent good.  
R. Ceruse, Uermilion, Sublimatum, ana. ʒ. iij. mingle them, and powder them finely, whereof ye shall sprinkle, so much in the ulcer, as is able (if I may so speak) fault the part, which shallbe removed: and incontinent, cover it with this plaster, which shall make for the appeasing of dolour, & removing of the escharous crust. 
To remove an escharous scab or crust.  R. leaves of Mallows, Violets, and Lettuce. ana. M.i. seethe them together in Mutton broth of the Wether, & afterwards stamp them putting thereto. l i ss. of Barley meal, of oil of Roses complete. ℥ two of Butter. ℥ iij, and yolks of three Eggs: with which plaster ye must proceed till the crust be taken of, and then ye may prosecute the cure with digestives, Abstersives, and Incarnatives, as ye were informed afore. If ye work after this sort, and with these remedies, according as they have been declared, ye shall win your Spurs, in such cures, and great friendship also. Now in asmutch, as we be well trained in this, let us come nearer the accident of dolorous pain, to see how we can rid our hands of that also. For why, this is now and then so extreme, cruel and sharp, that it doth not only exclude the cure of ulcers, but utterly interdite and suspend almost, all the virtues, as well natural as animal, and spiritual. Wherefore of very right we must put our helping hand to this also.  
For as much then, as dolour is as it were a cupping glass, in drawing matter unto the place, the writers have used much diligence, 
Example.  in appeasing of it, considering the accidents, which may ensue thereupon, as overthrow of the virtue natural, failing of spirits, and contractions of sinews. All which accidents are perilous, & to be doubted in all maladies. Wherefore, to the intent men may eschew this by a rule: they learn men knowledge, in their publicated works, that it proceedeth of two causes, that is, of the breach of continuance, and alteration of qualities. As Galen saith, 
Breach of continuance or hurting of the whole member.  dolours where as they be, declare breach of continuance, or sudden alteration of qualities: the continuance may be broken four ways, by incision, corrosion, breaking, and stretching, as in apostumation. Alteration is by heat and cold, moisture, drought, and other such like. Note, what diligence they took, to find the causes of dolour. Now if dolour arise, 
Alteration, what it is,  by means of incision, as in wounds: the first way to appease it, is to sew it, and next to anoint hot oil Omphacine in the edges and circuit of the wound. And this must be done, not once or twice, but continually▪ till it be appeased in a great part. If it come to corrosion, which accident, 
Of dolour.  properly pertaineth to an ulcer, it must be removed also, if we intend to cure the ulcer. But here note, that there be two causes of the matter, a proper, 
Two causes of matter.  and a depending: the proper cause is, a certain malignity, or shrewdness in the flesh, which our men call, proprietas occulta, the secret property. The cause depending is naught else, but evil humours, which fret and eat out the flesh when they come to the convinced, as doth Choler, mixed with Salt Phlegm. And certainly, this latter shall have need of evacuation with Cassia, Manna, Diacatholicon, and other like purgations. But as for the former, it shall be ruled after an other order, even by comforting of the edges of the ulcer, with defensives, able to cherish and feed the complexion of the flesh, and with the strong powder, Praecipitatus, cast in the ulcer whose description ye shall find, at the end of the treatises. If it come by breaking, it is eased by setting of the bones, and competent binding, and situation of the member. For albeit, the breach be never so well restored, and set in place: there will be yet discontinuance, if it be untowardly set to rest. And as for the setting of Bone, ye shall learn at other men's hands: For their Books are replenished, with precepts & rules for the purpose, specially Galen. etc.  
But if alteration come of extension, or stretching, 
Alteration of extension.  as it is in apostumations, mollificative Medicines shall be best, to prepare the matter to come forth: And Avicen sendeth us to such appeasementes, saying, the vehemency also of Dolour, causeth us of necessity, to use mollificatives, or softening Medicines. But of truth my Friend, if it grew through alteration of the Substance, the matter must be redressed by the contrary Qualities. For Example. If an Ulcer be dystempered with heat (which is perceived by redness in the circuit) it is redressed by a cold Ointment. And if the substance be fallen to cold, 
When to use contraries in hea●ing.  unguentum Rasum, or some like will qualify the matter soon. If it be engendered with drought, moisture then will pacify all the grief. Again, if it be disquieted with to much moisture, drought of an ointment, plaster or dust, will dispatch it. To be short, if we work after this manner, we shall discomfit all manner dolours, caused through excess of one quality, above an other. Thus shall we with proper medicines, succour the human life of mankind, specially when we attain to the cause of the malady, neither shall beg remedies, as do these Dogleaches, 
Example.  which would be called Practicians, a God's name, and wots not what practice is. For they do as children do in their plays, which when they list to have some sport, apoynct some Mark, and standing a little of, blindfilde, whirl themselves about once or twice on their foot, and then guess to the Mark at all adventure, in which groping, they are found at last, when they think themselves sure of it, further of then they were, where they stood at first. Even so fareth it with these groping practicians: for why? they be not able to distynct, neither times of sickness, neither know the causes of them, or properties of ointments, as he who bore men in hand, with gravity of words, that he was a practician: and when one demanded, what quality unguentum Rosarum had, he answered with great deliberation, a God's name, hot, yea Marry sir qd the other a worthy answer for such a practician. Wherefore I exhort you to cast away all Sluggardy, and negligence, that ye may attain to the knowledge▪ as well of Simples as of compounds, and stumble not at matters as they do. Ye have the causes, and cure of dolour: now we will go to an apostumation, as the order requireth.  
Now, as touching apostumation, concurrant with ulcers, what should I say, 
Apostumation concurrant with an ulcer  sithen we have largely said in the matter, when we spoke of Apostumations? But yet to help them that be tangled herein: we will talk a little more of it, and put somewhat to the enlarging of our medicines, declared before. Then when an ulcer is thus entangled, ye must use the remedies, appointed properly for Apostumations. But in case they shall not suffice, use this, wherein ye shall find such profit, that for certain, ye shall marvel not a little at it. But first consider, whether the ulcer be vexed with an hot or cold apostumation. For at that diversity, will follow the diversity of making of the Medicine. If it be hot, apply this. R. Leaves of Mallows and Uyolets, ana. M.j. of hulled Beans. l i.ij. seethe them all together, 
Hot and cold apostumations.  until the Beans be soft, which done, stamp them: and if it be requisite, to put any Oil to the same, put a little Rosed Omphacine, and afterward spread it on a cloth, and lay it to the apostumation, for this will appease and resolve. But if the apostumation be cold ye shall take the same plaster again, howbeit ye shall search, & make it otherwise. R. Of Mallow leaves. M.ij hulled Beans. l i.ij. of Barbers Lye. q. ss. and seeth them well, after stamp them, and apply it to the place. Certainly, this will work most aptly, for our purpose. But note here, I pray you, that this plaster may be rectified in our working, according as the Lee shall be mild or sharp. Thus have ye enough, for the displacing of this accident, if ye remember the sethings, with the other above. Wherefore we will now talk, of hardness of ulcers.  
Every good Physician, my friend, willing to cure his patient rightly, 
Hardness of an ulcer  will appoint himself two principal intentions, that is, to preserve, and to cure. The first searcheth for the causes, the other imagineth ways to displace th'effect thereof. Therefore to the intent we may be able to remove this cause, and withstand the effect, 
To search the cause, and displace the effect  let us see how many causes hardness hath. When I was given to read Chirurgi, and delighted in the antic books, I fell bechance upon Galens first book. De simplicium medicamentorum, where I noted him, to put three causes of hardness. For it chanceth, 
Three causes of hardness.  sayeth he, of to much drought of congeling of matter, or else of fullness & repletion. If it come of drought, moisture will ease it. And this must be done with ointments, plasters, and imbrocations, after the mind of Avicen, Imbrocations be made with hot water, 
Imbrocasion.  and Mutton broth of the Wether, Plasters may be of all things, as ye hard before Now the ointments be of Muscilages, and sometime of Tripharmacon, as Mirepsus thinketh. How beit I suppose Myrepsus used it in hardness, caused of frising, and not in drought. For I never saw Tripharmacon cause moisture, but in hardness of congelations or frising, it serveth well, if it be made with Vinegar, which notably cutteth clammy and viscous humours. If it come of fullness, (as it is seen in Apostumations) evacuation helpeth the matter: as Hypocrates sayeth, sicknesses, which come of repletion or fullness, be cured by evacuation. Now if ye mind to resolve it, let it first be softened with some mollificative, and it will the better vanish and transpire, the pores being opened with the mollificative. And if it fall to hardness again, ripe it again with the same medicine as Avicen writeth in the cure of Apostumations, & then let it be resolved. As for the making of these medicines, ye must return to the treatise of apostumations, where ye shall find a special plaster made of Melilote, Sapa or new wine and lie, and an other of the decoction of beans, Mallow leaves. etc. But as for the third kind of hardness, pertaineth to an ulcere, and for an end, if the hardness will not be amended by these meansfrete it with some corrosive, according to the manner, as it was prescribed in the correction of hard lips in an ulcere.  
Now as concerning corrosive, or gnawing in an ulcere, we would treat to the full thereof, if we had not meddled with the matter, 
Corosion or biting.  when we were about the appeasing of dolour, namely, for that that accident is much more cumbrous than any of the other, But yet in as much as we have there given no remedies, we will here have the matter a little while in consideration again. We suppose then, that corosion is termed of that, that it with his sharpness, biting, and fretting, resolveth, wasteth, and drieth up the moistness of the member, after which resolution, the substance of the flesh is minished, and so falleth to ulceration. Wherefore, according to our determination, there be two causes of this, the proper, and depending. And as for the proper cause, it is as we said before, a certain malignity, or filthiness in the flesh, which Physicians call the secret property. And for the displacing of this, ye must consider the property of the member and then temper and correct it with defensives, lineaments, and ointments, made according to your intention, as is that, which I made, respecting both complexion, and purpose, in the malady, or evil.  
R Oil of roses, Mirte, and Violet ana. ℥ i, ss. Bole armoniac, Terra sigillata, 
A good lineament.  and Dragon's blood. ana. ʒ. two. Acatiaʒ .iii. powder of Roses, Myrtles, and Cypress Nuts ana. ʒ i ss white wax ℥. ss. make hereof a lineament, according to the art, and anoint the ulcere and his circuit with the same. In case the hidraunce come of evil flesh, sprinkle this powder on it, and ye shall dispatch the malignity. R. Of Citrine, Mirobolanes, of Terra sigillata of Ceruse, 
A consumer of Flesh.  ana. ʒ iii of prepared Tutia. ʒ. i.ss. of Dragon's blood ℥ ii of brent Alum. ʒ. two, mingle them and let it be a fine powder to be cast in the ulcer. Which ye shall cover with the same lineament, spread in a cloth: or cover it the unguentum album or unguentum de Minio. The cause depending, we take it to be the antecedent, even a Choleric humour, mixed with salt phlegm, which gnaweth the flesh, 
Antecedent coniunct.  when it cometh to the conjunct, or place. Now for the cure of this, we order two intentions, the one to keep of humours, yet fleeting, the other to discomfit them, which be already flowing. The first may be done with Cassiafistula, Diacatholicon, Manna, or any like purgative. And administration of the dust and lineament which we ordered now, will accomplish the other, how beit apply this ointment following upon the powder.  
R Oil of Mirte, Roses,, and violets. ana. ℥ ii, Wether's fat. ℥ iii Goat's grease ℥. i.ss. juice of Coleworts. ℥ iii seethe them together till the juice be dried, and then put thereto. ʒ, iiii. of vermilion. ʒ. iii of Ceruse, and, ℥ ii of lethargy, 
To make a cicatrice.  and play them again, till they become very black, stirring them still that the Minerals fall not to the bottom, and burn. This done▪ put yet thereto. ℥ i of Terebintine. ℥ vi of new wax & make it to an ointment between hard and soft, in likeness of a cerate. And this will bring the sore to a Cicatrice, and fill your had full of money for your labour.  
Now rottenness and putrefaction followeth, whose description I will rehearse to the intent ye may thereby be assured of the Malady. 
Of putrefaction or rottenness.  Putrefactionis when the due breathing of the spirit is inhibited and letted in a member, by whom the complexion should be maintained and defended. And when this is corrupted, or else letted in his due passage, the moisture of that part is not ruled, and so doth the part putrefy and rot, as Aristole saith iiij. Metheo. Moisture and heat, not ruling the same, is cause of corruption at the first meeting. But to say truth me thinketh it hath three causes in all. The first corrupteth the vital spirit with holding his due breathing & passage as do stupefactives or dead things, as Opium, and to cool repercussives things letting pass, be gross thick and clammy humours, which by their multitude, thickness and toughness, stop the privy spiracles, & breathing pores: and as touching things that inhibit, they be causes primitive. As bruising, smiting, and binding to straight, All these mortify a member, inhibiting his spirit and specially binding, which I saw befall in a Man of much honesty lying in the Hospital of saint Bartholomewes'. He was pained of a push between his tooes: and when one, whom ye know had opened it, there gushed forth so much blood that the Chirurgeon thought it b●st to bind the member, with a right straight bond, whereupon the patient died the next day. Wherefore it is expedient, 
How● pa●ient died by evil cure.  that ye be aware ye fall not into such lewd oversights, whereby ye should get the name of Boch●rly manquellers, as he did, not without his desert. Mark here also that, that which corrupteth, may two ways be considered. First as it appeareth, the way to putrefaction, next putrefaction already caused. If ye consider it, in the first respect, make your recourse to the contrary causes: according to the saying of Hypocrates, 
Hypocrates.  sicknesses caused of repletion be dispatched by evacuation, which done, the effect is at a point, as Aristolle saith Remove the cause, and the effect is removed, But if ye take on putrefaction the second way, ye must put one the two eyes, 
Remove the cause, and the effect will cease.  which Galen ascribed to a good Physician. Whereof the right shall behold the cause, and left the effect, which is the putrefaction. The right shall use contraries to the lest applied. Ointments and plasters, to repair the putrefaction, which shallbe these, R Of Uertdegrece, of Rooch Alum, and of Honey, like parts, with a little Vinegar, and have it to the fire, till the colour altar from green, to read, which use, spreading this over it. 
Galen.   
Take of bean meal, of Barley, and Lupine meal. ana. li. ss. of Barbours' lie. q. ss and seethe them unto such time, as they be well mingled together, like a past, which must be spread on a piece of cloth But note, if the rottenness be so far passed, that it will not be displaced with unguentum Egyptiacum, of equal parts, ye may use this, which undoubtedly will dispatch it. Take of honey. ℥ iii of Roch Alum & Uertdegrece. ana. ℥ two. of sublimatum. ʒ. iii incorporate them altogether at the fire, till they be sufficiently sodden, and lay it to the rotten place, and then the plaster appointed before. 
To help putrefaction. A good medicine.  And if there be caused an eschara, remove it with digestives, made of Terebintyne, and yolks of eggs or with Butter. It may also be removed with a plaster which was given for Apostumation, opened with a potencial cautery, when this is removed the ulcer shall be cured, as be wounds. Now ye see what is to be done in putrefaction, or fyllthy sores.  Soarenes. 
What say you of corrupted bones?  Chirurgi. 
NOw to come to a corrupted bone, 
Of Bones which are corrupted two things considered.  the signs of it must be noted, that ye may know, whether it be so or not. For it hath proper signs, to be kowenn by, as well inwardly as outwardly. The outward signs be dull, and lose flesh as Avicen. saith. in the chapter De ventositate spinae.  
The signs inwardly may not be seen with the eye, but be found with the searcher. For if a man search it well, he shall not only found it secretly frete, but also minished and abated in substance Wherefore if we find this fault. and mind to amend it, we shall above all things observe two points, one pertaineth to the cure, the other to eschew reproach & infamy. 
A good observation.  We shall avoid infamy, if we refuse to meddle with the heads of great bones and joints. For if we would work in such places, we shall be endangered of convulsions, or some evil accident, by reason of the fellowship and colligance, whi●e they have with great sinews. heads of cords, & muscles: 
Avicen  whereby we might be utterly disgraced and shamed. as Avicen there declareth largely. And as for the cure (these causes eschewed) may be obtained, specially if the fault be in the mids of the arm or leg, bones, & tredes with convenient medicines. There be also certain kinds of instruments which they call Trapanes, and Raspatories, very meet for repairing of alterated and corrupted bones. Again unguentum Egyptiacum, made after Auicens description, shallbe good, how be it, ye shall make better speed, if ye use an actual cautery, that is if ye burn it with an hot iron. verily myself, when I chanced in such bones, did ever use actual cauteryes, because they comfort and rectify the weak member. Whereof there be two kinds in especial, the first hath this shape A. and the part is plain, which is applied to the bone. C. the other is figured. R. Now in cauteryzing and burning, I use this diligence, to eschew inconvenience. I prepared an other instrument, like a finger of a Glove, 
These figures are in the end.  with an hole in the mids, through which I put my cautery, to save the flesh from burning, this used I in plain bones. The second was appointed, which I used in holes, and hollow places. There may be invented yet many other forms of instruments, for cauterizing of Bones, according as the work and place shall require.  
Now as touching the causes of bones corrupted, they be the accident and privetive: of which two the antecedent is the worse. For why the antecedent will fester the bone, or ever the flesh be corrupted, for by reason of the cause primetive, corrupt, and fretting humours will fleet to the bone, and frete it, which Avicen termeth Ventositas spinae. Now how this may be known and cured, ye shall learn of him which writeth a special treatise of it. For we mind not to meddle with it, because it would draw us far from our purpose, by reason of the number of intentions. The primative cause is what soever be falleth from outfoorth, as bruising, incision, alteration of the air (I mean not of alteration of the air itself, but of alteration caused in the bone by the air, and the use of some ointments. And therefore consider you whether it come of a wound, 
Alteration of the air.  or apostumation, and so by diligent calculation, shall ye come to the cause of the corruption. If it proceed of apostumation, corrupt humours be the cause. If it come of a wound, than applications of ointments, or occursaunce of their have done it. And if it come of a wound, then consider again whether any hole bone were cut of, or any bone minished, or else any part, Again there is no difference whether a bone were taken out violently, or expelled of nature, For Avicen saith, a Fistula may be feared where nature expelleth it. Wherefore if ye covet to know all these particular causes and observations: peruse Avicen in that Chapter, 
Avicen.  where ye shall find all things to your full contentation. This is said concerning corrupted bones. Now in as much as our time is so short by appointment, let us go forth to the rest of our communication.  Soarenes 
I pray you, what is the cause of Uarices', and swelling?  Chirurgi. 
VArices be swelling veins in the legs, 
Of swellings the cause.  filled with melancholic, blood. And these are bred diverslyd, by stopping of the spleen▪ weakness of the liver, to much feeding on meats that increase Melancholy, long standing and waiting before men, weariness of footegate, and finally bearing of great burdens, as it is evident in them that use it And this malady is very hard to be redressed, and requireth many intentions and observations in the cure. The first is to order the life conveniently. The ii to purge the humour. The third is to apply convenable, 
melancholic metas.  local medicines. Now the regiment shall be to abstain from meats, which breed Melancholy. As Beef of the Ox, Bugle, and Cow. All salt meats, Pulse, Coleworts, Water birds Salt Cheese and gross wine, with other like. The matter is purged with blood letting, digestives, and potions. Ye shall take the blood of Basilica or the liver vein, making a large gash and hole, that the gross melancholic blood, may pass and comforth And it will be the better, and more available, a great deal if the patient be exercised by going, or some other way before, so that the humours be well mingled together. After the Bloudletting, these syrups must follow syrup of Epythimum & of Fumiterre, and then a purgation of pills De fumo terrae, or Cappets. All which ye shall yourself better indosate according to the patients state then I here make farther mention thereof. This is spoken in respect of the accident, which if ye mind to cure well, apply it to the principal intention in the cure. Now as touching the localles, and matter conjunct: when ye will cure swelling veins, first use an universal purgation, 
first to the whole, then to the particular  of the whole body, and then come to the particular intentions, which comprehend three considerations. The first putteth of fleeting matter. The second removeth that which is fleeten. The third comforteth the veins, straineth them together, and resolveth congealed blood, ye shall keep of fleeting matter with defensives, applied under the knee, which may be such.  
R. Bole armoniac, and clay, 
A defensive under the knee.  an. ʒ. iii. Dragon's blood. ℥ i Terra sigilata. ʒ.iii. make them in fine powder, and incorporate them with the white of two Eggs: with ℥ i of Oil of Mirtine, and place it under the knee, binding it with a Roller indifferently fast. I say indifferently fast, because to straight binding will mortify the member (which were worse than the former evil) neither to slack. 
How to bind a member  For that is not able to press the veins together neither inhibit the discente of the Melancholikk blood to the place. Therefore let the bond be indifferent, so that the blood be repressed, and the member not mortified. When he have so done, ye shall the day following, smite the vein, which appeareth above the hollowness of the foot, making a large hole, that gross blood may have his passage & walk, 
To open a vein to purge gross blood.  or press down the blood with your hands, beginning beneath the defensive, till a great part of the blood of the veins be avoided. But note, that ye must bathe all the leg with hot water, before ye press down the blood. When the blood is emptied out, stop the vain, and cover the whole leg with this plaster. R. Of Camomile, Melilote, and Wormwood. ana. M.vi. of Myrtles. & read Roses, ana M.iii of Cypress Nuts .xx, of Acatia. ℥ iii of Bran M, 
A plaster for the Leg to resolve.  iiii. of bean meal, and of Lupyne meal. ana. li. ss. bray that is to be brayed, and seethe them in new white wine, and Barbours' lie, wherein these things were sodden before Tamarike, Moline, Smallage, and roots of Capers, and play altogether, till it be like past: after this, put a little Vinegar to it, that it may the better cut the humours, and so inrolle the whole leg therewith. This plaster (if a man consider it well hath power to dry, to comfort, to resolve, and to cut thin clammy matter, which be necessary points, in this troublesome accident. What will ye more? If ye do thus, ye shall▪ dispatch and rid your hands of it with honesty. But in case the defensive so dry, and cause dolour, ye must change the plaster, and command the patient to keep his leg higher than his body, always in his bed, that blood descend not down again. For this point is necessary, if he will be cured of the malady: according to the popular proverb, Gamba all & lecto braso all pecto, 
Purge a sore man, after he is amended, for scare of dropsy. etc.  which willeth the hand to be kept at the bosom, and the leg in the bed. And when the patient is somewhat amended, purge him again: For otherwise it were to be doubted, jest he fall to an Idropsie, Pthisicke, Phrensye, and doting. For the matter, which was wont to descend would be withholden, and in this case, his property is to rise, & 'cause such accidents, as Hypocrates saith, to cure old and antic emeroydes, if one be not left open, putteth the patient in peril of an Idropsy, Pthisicke, & destruction of mind. And in an other place he saith, of men that be distracted. 
A conclusion.  A frenzy is loosed at the rising of the swelling veins. Wherefore if a frenzy be dispatched at the provocation of them: it is consequent that the stop of them, will be cause of the same. Wherefore Aristotle hath this general rule, in his book of places. If the presence o● a thing be good, the absence of the same is evil. Therefore to eschew this evil, we must purge the patient once every month, with some purgative, which will evacuate the Melancholic humour. There be yet other things observed, as by binding & cutting of veins, which, what for Bocherly cruelty, and otherwise danger of the patient, I pass them over, sith I never practised them, nor never intend to do the cures being so perilous, and full of dangers.  Soarenes 
What say you of a round ulcer, Good sir Chirurgeon?  Chirurgi 
SIr, as touching roundness in an ulcer, we need not to say any thing at all. For ye have sufficiently laboured the demonstrative sciences, 
Geometrical measures in Chirurgi  & have, as I understand right well profited in them For ye can erect tryangles, cut lines, divide circles, yea, and square them also, if it were need: all be it, to this day, the true squaring of a circle, hath not been invented. But to the purpose. If ye will divide the roundness of an ulcer by the Dyameter, with a hot Iron, or other Instrument, ye shall divide the compassing of Uilles and small here's well enough, which is one of the greatest lets in the ensounding of an ulcer. And so shall you withstand the circuition: which done ye may prosecute the cure of the cut, burning, or otherwise working to your pleasure. Now for that we have rid your hands of these troublesome accidents: we will return to the cure of the capital ulcers, whereof we made mention before. Whereof the virulent is first.  
Good Physicians have ever used to try out first, the cause of maladies and to cut them of, which done, the disease would easily be displaced. 
The cause of Soarenes, is first not considered.  And in good faith, this seemeth to be the very path way●, to artificial curing.  
Wherefore we also, because we would not serve from the right way of our ancient master, will first declare the cause of a virulent ulcer, & then order the intention in the cure. The cause then of a virulent ulcer, is Cholerik humours, which become sharp by reason of salt phlegm mixed with choler, and after they get virulency, by adustion and burning. For virulency is not otherwise bread, as saith Avicen, but of the subtleness of hot watery humours, which originally proceed of evil governance, and order of life. 
Ulcer Uirulent, how it groweth.  Therefore we will first appoint the intentions which must be observed in their cure. They be five. The first ordereth the life, the second purgeth the humour, the third keepeth the flux of humours, 
Five good intentions.  the fourth drieth them that be already fleeting. The fift ensoundeth the ulcer, and comforteth the member. In the first we must forbidden all sharp, pontic, salted, and hot things, which shall be able to altar the blood, to heat, and adustion, as Ginger, Pepper, Cinnamon, and give him chicken broth, Lettuce and Borage, as all other things that moderate the blood, whereof Chicken broth is thought to be best. For it reduceth humours to equality, conserveth complexions, and refreshed the virtue. All this is spoken for example, that ye may take occasion by this, to choose and refuse things convenient, and disconuenient. Ye shall purge the matter, if ye give purgations, that is, things that draw choler, as Electuarium e succo Rosarum▪ Electuarium solutinum, Diaphaenicon or some other like in operation. The flux of humours is prohibited if we apply this defensive in the circuit of the ulcer, four fingers less or more for the same. The defensive is thus receypted.  
Take Bole armoniac, and Dragon's blood. ana. ʒss. bean meal. ℥ i powder of Roses and Myrtylles, 
Every goo● defensive.  ana. ʒ. iii. Oil of Mirt. ʒ. iiii. juice of meek ʒ. i. Wether's fat, ʒ, ss. with a little Wax: seethe the oil and fat, with the juice, till the juice be wasted, and then put to the remnant, making it to an ointment, after the art, and order it as it was now said. And as for the drying of humous, use the drying simples: how be it, there must be diversity in compounding of them, according to the natures and complexions, whereof one may be thus.  
Take ashes of Dill, of burnt Lead, and of Terra sigillata. ana. ʒ. i. Lytharge of Silver, Flowers of Pomgranettes, and unholed Galls. ʒ i ss of Crevice shells, or house Snails burnt, of Ceruse, ana. ʒ. two. of roche alum burnt. ℈ i mingle them all together, and powder it finely. which use for drying. And if this profit not, use the red powder called Precipitatus doubtless, this will rectify the ulcer, and digest it. And here note by the way, that digestion is not causing of matter as some unlearnedly holdeth opinion but it is proportionating of humours to the natural heat, 
Digestion causeth not matt●●, but it is the proporcionating of the humour.  so that nature is animated, to expulse them define it thus. Digestion is an engrossing of thin humours, and thinning of thick things, with some preparance to the expulcing. And for this purpose, we compound hot digestives, in cold maladies and cold in hot. Finally, we ensound with unguentum de Minio, Tripharmacon, unguentum Caphoratum, & de Cerussa: Or spread the defensive aforesaid in the ulcer. This also that followeth is very good.  
Take oil of Myrt ℥, two. of Rosed Omphacine. ℥ i of Wether's fat ʒ. two. of Uermilion ℥. ss. of Ceruse. ʒ. i. seethe them till they be black putting thereto at the end. ℥. ss. of new wax. And after it is taken of the fire encorporat it with ʒ. iii. of Camphor, and ʒ. two. prepared of Tuti, and so will it be an ointment, like a cerate And this will comfort the member amend the complexion, & bring the ulcer to skinning, Now for skynning of it, wash it with Alum water which was prescribed before in skynning of ulcers: But one thing I warn you of, if ye see that the ulcere be enlarged, with these drying medicines ye must lay them apart, & use easier medicines. The sign of to much drying, or abstertion by ointments will be this. The sore will be like an apostumated sore, and the patient shall feel pain, nipping and biting, as Avicen saith, Wherefore I will ye forget in no wise, 
A sign of overmuch drying a sore member.  this token and sign, because it will be much for your advantage,  Soarenes. 
I pray you say some thing of filthy ulcers  Chirurgi. 
IT is evident to see, what gluttonous, & ravening kind of living we use, 
gluttony is no small enemy to nature.  by the alteration of our blood: which is not only altered to heat, and adustion, but also to foul rottenness. In good faith, reason would we should foresee, that we fell not to such excessive eating and drinking, whereof might ensue, sharp filthy, and corrupt humours, which, cause ulceration, when they come to the conjunct, and afterward feed the ulcer. Well let them be their own workmen and drink as they brew: we will to our purpose. And first let us note what sordityes, 
Of filthy matter▪ what it is.  filthy and corrupt rottenness is. They define it, to be a certain white thick matter, congealed, propense unto blackness and like lies This kind of matter, properly requireth abstertion and scouring, as virulency doth drying. Moreover there be two kinds. a plain and hollow filthy ulcer, which requireth four intentions: the first ordereth the life, the second purgeth the humours: the third wipeth and scoureth of the filth: the fourth pertaineth to ensounding: 
Four intentions in two kinds of ulcers.  ye shall order the life, as in a virulent ulcer because these two differ not, but by the way of more or less. And therefore the diet shall respect, specially the quality, which we there respected in the order. Likewise must the purgative be as there was said. And the filth shallbe scoured away with these medicines following. R. Of Rosed Honey strained ℥ ii of clear Terebintyne. ℥ iii play them together, till they be well mingled and then put a, 
A good perfit mundification  q. ss. of Barley flower & a little Saffron to it. And it will be a good mundificative, for that purpose. But if this shall not serve, let this follow.  
Take of clear Terebintine. ℥, iii of Rosed Honey strained ℥ ii of the juice of Smallage. ʒ. ss. seethe them te to the wasting of the juice, than put q. ss. of Barley meal to it. ʒ, ss, of Frankincense, ʒ. i. of Sarcocol, and a little Saffron and let it be a soft abstersive, that may be laid in the ulcere, with tents: And if ye be set besides the stool in this, then make this following. R. of clear Terebintyne, of Rosed Honey strained. ana. ℥ iii juice of Planten. ʒ. two. juice of dog's tongue. ℥ i, ss, of Sarcocol, Frankincense, Myrrh, and Aloes Epatike. ana. ʒ. i. play altogether, till half the juice be wasted, But stir it continually, lest it burn, After this let it be strained, and applied in the ulcere, whether it be plain or hollow. But if the pray shall yet escape your nets, make this, wherewith doubtless ye shall have your purpose.  
Take of Barbours' lie. ℥ four of red powder Principitatus. ʒ i ss. of Rosed Honey strained ℥ ii mingle them well together, 
To scour ● dry all ulcers plain or hollow  and doubtless ye shall scour anb dry the ulcer with this abstersive. Some have also used this mundificative with good effect. Take the juice of Smallage. ℥ viii the juice of Agrimony. ℥ iiii. the juice of Planteine. ℥ ii sugar rosate, ℥, x. boil these a season, then cast into them the meal of Barley, lupines, and Fenigreeke. ana. ℥ i Boil them then to the consistence of an ointment, & at the end, put in. ℥ i, of Terebintine, 
Contraries when to use them.  & use this to thy honour in cleansing & mundifying a sore or wound from matter. For whereas there be but two moistures bred in an ulcer, as Galen writeth, whereof the one requireth abstertion, the other drying: both are respected and considered in this medicine, as it may easily appear, if a man consider the simples well. Now ye shall incarnate the sore with ointments. that contrary the strange quality of the ulcere: as with hot if the ulcer be cold, and with cold, if it be hot. For what is ensoundinge of discontinued parts, but to rectify the quality, which shorteth and hindereth the virtue nutritive, and to qualify the complexion of the member? 
Nature nourisheth herself  For if ye do thus, nature being fortified, will of herself cause flesh to grow, as it appeareth not only in man, but also in brute beasts. And therefore, I compound no other ointments in this case, than were ordered before, in the cures of hot & cold ulcers, whither ye may resort, when ye shall need. Thus much have I said, of the plain filthy ulcer. Now will we to the hollow and cavy ulcer.  
Why should men marvel, if men of old time, came to the knowledge of Nature's sickness and causes, for asmutch as they were taught. even by the leading of nature, which they of that time, more diligently observed than we do: And therefore. they came to marvelous great knowledge, which we in these days, attain not unto, because we observe not in like case. I say this, in consideration of a Mould warpes moining under Ground, which gave me occasion to observations, in a cavie ulcered. For because I was present, where a Gardener stopped the mouth of the earth, or hole, where afterwards, because the cause was not removed, 
An example of Calyus or Moldewarp.  seven Moldwarpes came out by sundry times. Truly I noted it, thinking it worthy of consideration in the cure, wherefore, when we be minded, to handle this cure in his right kind, we must try out the cause, which we seek by humours, accidents. and qualities of the matter. And therefore, when ye mind the cure of any such Ulcere, consider advisedly, whether any of the foresaid accidents be the cause, why the sore refuseth ensoundinge. And if any such be found there, and ye think that the accidents, be the very le●te: 
Amend an evil accidents and then the cure will prospero.  return then to the correction of that accident which hindereth your purpose, and when ye have amended that, ye shall have your desire. Now if the cause be found in none of them, then mark the matter, whether it be sanious, virulent, or filthy, and then according as ye find it, so resort to the cure of the Capital ulcers, and work as is there appointed, for in so doing, you shallbe assured to quite yourself of it. On tother side, if humours be the cause, which is lightly perceived, by the colours of the flesh, ye must purge them: For if it be ruddy and itching, it declareth Choler. On the other part, if it be white, it is a token of Phlegm, and so of Melancholy if the colour be dim and brown. Wherefore if ye shall always behave yourself thus in your working, ye shall not stay, but have your eye still to the mark, whereat you intend to shoot.  
Here should we speak of a festered ulcer, unless we had talked of that matter, when we treated of the accidents of ulcers, where ye shall found the causes of it, and the cure, Therefore ye must make your repair thither, when need requireth, and not look that I should double it again. Now have I, my friend, paid my debt, and discharged my bond, according to my promise it shall be your part to bear with my travel, and to take my diligence in good worth. And though my stamps be not so fine, to coin such rich money, peradventure as ye looked for: yet have I laboured diligently to give you currant money, with which I trust to content you. Wherefore thus remain, that ye be diligent labourers in this, and then within small time ye shall swim without Cork, and traverse great streams, by the aid of these things. But if here after ye shall look, to be holden up by the chin (which I think not) ye must procure and retain some other. For I may not attend upon you, for business that I have my dear friend soreness.  Soarenes 
TO say for myself, and my fellows (which I may because I know their minds) we thank you, as far as we be able to say or think for your faithful payment, brotherly love and gentle courtesy. Ye have so finely coygned all, so orderly laid it forth, every some by itself, and so gently deliver it, that we cannot choose, but allow it, and highly commend it. But one thing grieveth me (I think it doth my fellows also) that ye leave us in the stream to swim without help. Ye know right well gentle Chirurgi, what a number of Gulfs be in the stream of Chirurgi, which ye have not meddled withal, and this requireth the help of an expert workman, Wherefore we shall desire you, to grant us some aid. Certainly we will repair to you again. for other things, which we will show you at your leisure.  Chirurgi 
Well your desires may do much with me, howbeit I may not promise' at this present, all your desires or requests, but of the head I will say some thing.  Soarenes. 
Marry we pray you, show us the cures of the head, when it is wounded & in peril. For the head is the prince of members, whose cures are most hard, & so bid you far well.  Chirurgi. 
NO man, dear Soarenes. that coveteth to gratify other, 
Of honest request and friendship.  useth to make light of his friends requests, but rather embraceth them with all dearness of mind, specially if the thing truly asked, shallbe righteous and honest, or bring the party, who is required to no hindrance For if those points should appear in any request, their petitions would seem dishonest, and worthy of repulse. For why, honesty and righteousness should not please the desired, more than the desyrer. verily men should be far of from the way, if they thought, that justice and honesty might be acquired by other men's loss, and discommodity. Wherefore saying we consider that the matter, which we covet to get all our estimation (for we desire to hear you talk of the maladies, that come of a cause▪ primative in the head, with their cures) shall be no less to you profitable, than to ourselves quiet of conscience.  Soarenes. 
WHy should we not boldly require this, namely, sith both of us, you to declare, and we to hear, be most at leisure at this present time? We have also good cause ourselves in that our conscience doth stir, and encourage us forth besides the charitable love, which we own among ourselves one to an other miserably afflicted, in such causes. Again if we did demand any thing rashly, perchance even that, which should be pleasant to other men, might worthily be denayed us, for why, rashness seemeth to import two things: unrighteousness in the demander, or else vanity in the thing demanded, yet for as much as our suit is right just and honest, and you pleasant Master Chirurgi. gentle and free hearted to your friends: let it be your will and pleasure to reason with us concerning the matter, to the intent we through your apt and wise communication, may declare so many dangers in the head (where unto these commom practicians, rush out on with all haste, as doth Tom a Bedlam in his naked progress) and also redress the same, if any such chance under our simple plain hands. For you are the Man, as we do think, who is skilful to cure hurts in the head, and avoid dangers in the same. And thus did we perceive right well, not only at other times but specially in the places, where wounded men are kept, where ye helped grievous and perilous chauces in the head. Go to then gentle master and follow your friends desire, which be in great love with you. And thus doing, ye shall do us presently great pleasure, and unto our posterity. And all be it, ye cannot receive worthy reward at our hands, for so great a benefit: yet the almighty God, who doth suffer no good turn to be unrewarded, nor vice unpunished, will recompense your pain, and prospero you in your Acts and deeds, who ever be praised, for himself and his works Amen.  Chirurgi 
THe beginning of your matter, all be it, I did well perceive it, yet by means the tale was somewhat long, it was almost fallen out of my remembrance, I being now feeble, and fallen into decay with much labour of mind, and anguish that I take for my poor friends. For according to the debt of our corrupt nature, they are decessed, and have given up their Souls, to whom the merciful God, not in respect of their good deeds, but at the contemplation of his own bountiful clemency, grant endless rest and salvation with his saints and elected. But yet as far as I can remember, I noted in some, what we are bound to do for our friends and acquaintance, in consideration of our familiar conversation with them. Of truth we are not ignorant, dear friends, how hard a thing it is for us, at this present, to satisfy your desire, specially, for as much as my mind doth not only take care, but melteth away in floods of sorrow, for the great affliction I daily feel. Is it possible, that I should content your desires with like words as I used, when I talked of wounds, apostumations, & ulcers? verily, I would I might gratify you, so that ye should covet no further in the matter. But alas, I am racte and tormented within myself, when I feel and consider, mine insufficiency and untowardness. But yet, jest I should be seen to turn my back, and give my dearest friends a repulse or an ultimum vale (who be as mine own eyes) yet I will take the matter for your sakes upon me. Nevertheless, this would I desire & obtain at your hands, that none should interrupt me in my tale: but in such places, where I end my whole matter. For the time is very short for our discourse, which we mind to finish. And certainly, If I thought otherwise, nothing were better to me, than to be questioned with in every doubt, which you shall not need.  Soarenes. 
GEntle sir, ye have most happily prevented us. For the matter which we were appointed, to get at your hands or ever we came hither, by prayer or favour, that have you offered of yourself Therefore seeing we are agreed of the matter, set on a God's name, and luckily make the onset. For there may not be greater pleasure to us, then to hear your words, and manner of talk, so that the precious fruit and profit, which we look for in especial, be preferred, for that is the matter.  Chirurgi. 
I Noted, dear Soarenes, and your friends, that R. R. in his famous work, under whose banner I s●rued most & got all that I have, at his hands, or not without his especilall favour: did fatherly admonish his Scholars, and hearers, that they should to their possibility, try & s●arche out, the causes of diseases. Otherwise, they should attempt, to cure one thing for an other, and give Chalk for Cheese. 
Chalk for Cheese.  And if they did so, they should greatly err in the cure or rather provide a bear, to help their Patients to their grave. Wherefore, I have determined with myself, sith your will is so, that I shall danger myself in the matter, to recite unto you the sicknesses, which happen in the head, with their causes. And this do I, to th'intent we fall not unadvisedly in that, had I wist, whereof we mentioned before. They be five in number, that is to say, 
Five causes that do hurt the head.  apostumation, ulcer, wound, bruise, and breaking. But as touching apostumations, and Ulcers without, we will here make no further a do, because we have sufficiently spoken of them before, in our former treatise of Wounds: whereunto ye may repair at your pleasure. But as for bruises, Wounds, and breakings, we will lay our Foundation, as far as our Wit shall extend. Ye have the Maladies, wherefore, we may proceed to the causes and cures.  
And first, we will begin at a Bruse or Crushing, 
The cause of bruises, what they are.  whose causes be falls and strokes, whereof followeth the member of the continuance broken. And here we use this term, of the continuance, broken, or bruise: after a large manner, for every riving or frushing of man's flesh, which may be two ways, that is to say, by means of a Wound, & without a Wound, As a bruise, which shall be without Wound, may easily be cured, except the bone, which is under it, be riven, the skin remaining whole & sound. Which hurt, the sick himself, will show to the Chirurgeon, by certain signs, as by often scratching, or touching of the place with the Nails, or by some other means. But if it be so, that ye cannot be persuaded, 
How to find out a s●r●pe by what tokens.  by the Pacientes showing: or if ye be driven to and fro, and reasoning the matter with yourself, as in such cases, men's minds be plucked, now hither, now thither. Ye must consider the smiter, of what strength and force, he might be of, & where with the stroke was inflicted: as in like manner the place also, whether any thing fell on the head, from an high. For the higher that the place is, and the mightier the smiter, so much the greater & worse must the bruise be deamed. For heavy things. falling towards their natural place, are found of greater force & violence, at the end of their descent & fall, than at the beginning, when they were first loosed of their stays. 
Of incision in the head.  These things considered, ye shall make incision unto the scalp, ruling the same after such sort, as shall be declared afterward, when we speak of ryvinges of the scalp, with depression of the bone. On the other side, ye guess by the said signs, that the bone remain sound & unbroken, then set all your intent, to the cure of the bruise: which shall stand in a resolutive medicine, being somewhat binding withal, if ye stand in fear of putrefaction. For what soever is bruised or frushed, must needs putrefy, as Galen writeth. But I suppose, ye are minded to ask me a question. How it is, that resolutives should be applied in bruises, wherein is great concourse, & showing of matter, for asmutch as repercussives should rather be used, as was said, at the beginning of such matters. Ye have well and trimly doubted at the matter: for this shall make much for the cure of a bruise in great peril, whereof ye shall diligently mark, that effusion of blood doth immediately follow upon a bruise, because the veins be violently cut of, and the mouths op●ned. And the blood which shall so once be Isshewed forth, can never return back, into the veins again. Wherefore, seeing it is without the vessels, 
Of blood running the chief cause, and the hurt that doth follow the same.  it must needs putrefy. & so consequently, corrupt and rot the Flesh. For this purpose gentle resolutives, being binding things withal, must be applied at the beginning: whhere the one resolveth the blood, and the other being contrary in working, closeth the vain, that no more come forth. And hereof appeareth the ignorance, and oversight of these Emperikes, and vagabond Chirurgeons. For they minister repercussives, at the beginning of every bruise, without resolutives: whereof followeth incision of necessity, if they will avoid putrefaction. And therefore I will give you the medicine, which ever is used in such cases, that ye fall not in the like reprehension and shame.  
Take Camomile, Melilot, Bran. ana. M.i. of beans, lupines, and Barley meal. ana. ℥ two of Myrtles. M.ij of Cypress nuts xu bray such things as aught to be brayed finely, and then seethe all in new Wine and Barber's Lee, unto the time it be like a cerate. And at the end, ye shall put these Oils to the same, that is, of Dill, of Camomile, and of Mirte. ana. ℥ i But note, here the Oils must be used, where no putrefaction is. For in case of putrefaction, I would utterly forbidden them. Then play them again, till the Oils be well incorporated: & afterward apply it warm. Mark well this medicine. For it were a long matter, and to much for one day, to recite to you, how many have been cured, by the help of this medicine alone. 
Many men have been cured by this medicine.  But if the bruise be concurraunt with a wound, or ever ye work in the matter: ye must diligently consider with yourself, whether the rim or pannicule, which from out forth, covereth the scalp, be cut or not. And if it be not cut, the wound must be cured, as we showed in the treatise of Wounds, saving that the digestive must be made, with Rosed Omphacine and yolks of Eggs, over which ye must ever apply this medicine, which we above recited. For it will keep of putrefaction, and hard corrupted blood. And after this manner, proceed forth in the cure, till sanious matter be generated, that done, lay apart the digestive and apply an abstersive, in his place. Which may be made thus.  
℞. Of clear Teretintine. ℥ two of Syrup of Roses. ℥. i.ss. of plantain water. 
A good abstersti●e for the head.  ℥. ss. play them together, till the water be wasted, and then put thereto. q ss. of Barley meal, and a little Saffron as may be able, to colour the mundificative. But take it of the fire, or ever ye put to the meal, and s●e it be well stirred, until it be well incorporated together. Now, when ye have thus done, ye may use it, and apply ever the same unguentum Basilicum, after this description.  
Take oil of Roses and Camomile. ana. ℥ three oil of Mirtine. 
unguentum Balilicum.  ℥. i.ss. play them together, till they acquire them a black hugh, and then put these drugs to them, of clear Terebintine. ℥ two of Ship pitch. ℥ i of new wax ℥ ij ss. And play them again a little, and so take it of the fire, and stir it continually▪ till it be thick. And for asmutch as these wounds, by reason of much sensibility of the part, be oftentimes vexed with an Erysipelas: this place asketh to show, how we may withstand that troublesome malady. 
Erysipelas is a hoatred, round inflammation soar, or choleric voyle with a fever in the body.  And to th'intent ye may so do, note this, concerning an Erysipelas, or Choleric apostumation, and print it deeply in mind. It is this. An Erysipelas may happen, by reason of boiling of the humour, or for that, that corrupted matter, is retained within. Which thing we saw ourselves come to pass, by reason of matter, abiding within, in one worthy capitain. Now this thing is cured by purging of the cause: As Hypocrates saith, Quaecunque aegretudines ex plenitudine fiunt, evacuatio sanat. 
Diseases coming of fullness. are helped by emptiness.  If it be sharpened and chafed, through heat & boiling of the Choleric humour: anoint it with unguentum Rosatum and lute the wound with the same, as the best learned Chirurgeons did use. For if mordication or heat be caused, by mean of Ointments: it will be pacified through coldness, which is in the Medicine. After ye are at point with this, cover the whole hole wound with this.  
R. of Rosed Omphacine, and oil Mirtine. ana. ℥ two of unguentum Rosatum. ℥ i of Populion. ℥. ss. of white Wax. ℥ three and melt all at the fire: this done and prepared, infuse a linen cloth in the same ointment, and see it be all to weated in it, and then take it forth, and cast it in cold water, that it may be thick again. This cloth also must be applied to the head, 
Clotheses applied to a wounded head.  for fear of a noying of the place: and be applied where the hair was shaven of. Moreover, ye shall form and shape one other cloth, after the same manner, with the said ointment, so that ye may make permutation, at even and morning, of the clotheses. But if the panicule or rimme be cut, and the bone discou●red, ye shall need more diligence and circumspection, whiles ye search, whether the bone be cloven, or riven in pieces. And if neither of these faults be found, then is nothing else to be done, 
A powder for the head.  otherwise than in wounds. saving that this powder shallbe sprinkled, where the bone was discovered & opened. R. Aloes epatike, sarcocol, Myrrh, ana. ʒ. iij. Frankincense. ʒ. i.ss. Flowerdeluce. ʒ. ss. & let it be made into fine powder, for the said use. And as for farther prosecution of the matter, ye shall do as in the cure of wounds. But in case the bone be riven, an other manner of cure will handfast you: which will be far distant, & unlike the former. And to the intent ye may be able, to ascertain yourself, in such cliffs & revinges, ye shall here note the signs & tokens, that follow clites, & riving of above.  
These things be signs of a broken bone, vomiting, dasling of eyes, 
Signs of broken bones en the head.  vertige or swining, blindness and falling. All which must be understand, to happen at that present, when the stroke was given. And sometime an apoplexy, a dumpysh privation of sense, and a fever with a vehement horror and cold do ensue. Now were the patient taken of a Fever, without Cold, there were no great Danger in the matter, for that accydente cometh ofttyme, of a private cause, which moveth the accident. And where it is not possible. but the body should be replet, or vacant of superfluous humours, so it cannot be, but there should ensue great difference, at that diversity. For if this kind of breaking, occupy a vacant body, the Patient will be without Fever: But if it fall to a replete Body, laden with evil humours, the Physicians may think the stroke to be dangerous, and hard of cure. For we have this lesson of Avicen, saying: all Wounds, 
Dangerous wounds, how to know them.  and Ulcers be dangerous. which chance upon superfluities of a wayward, and froward Body. And albeit, it be dangerous, if the Patient be taken with a Fever, at the beginning, yet is the matter more to be suspected, if he be inflamed with Fevers, three or four days, after the stroke was given, because this should spring of putrefied Blood, retained within the Scalp upon the Rimmes, which thing is known by the increasing of the accidents. notwithstanding, this may be also, when sanious matter is a generating. For why, Hypocrates affirmeth in his Aphorisms, 
Hypocrates. Aphorisms.  that Dolours, and Fevers will happen, more at Generating of matter, than when it is generated. But this may easily be dissevered: For here the accidents fall and be a laid, but there they be augmented and increased, Therefore, when such accidents shall ensue upon a stroke, even the same day, ye may well judge, that the breach or breaking is complete. Which if ye mind to cure rightly, ye shall forthwith provide these things before your eyes. first, when the matter is come to that point, that ye must make incision, fear not to cut the Wound, after the manner of a triangle, or one right angle, or else of a cross, and remove the Flesh from the Bones. 
How to cut to the end to heal.  When ye have so done fill up the wound with small quisettes, well weate before in the whites of Eggs. Howbeit, note and observe this always, that the quisettes, which shall touch the bone, must be weate in hot Wine, for fear of altering and spotting of the bone: better than if they were wet in whites of Eggs, by reason of the coldness. For why, Hypocrates saith. Frigidum inimicum neruis, ossibus, cerebro & spinali medullae: calidum utile & amicum. Cold is an Enemy to the Sinews, 
How cold hurteth.  Bones, Teeth, Brain, and the Nuke, or Marrow of the Back, but heat is profitable and friendly: and therefore cold must be kept from the Skull, lest we stumble at that block by error, Now this operation finished, ye shall give the Patient in commandment, to rest himself after that manner until the next morning, prescribing him an order, how he shall rule himself, & his diet. His diet shallbe to eat Wheat bread, or tried and boiled Barley with Almond milk, 
A diet.  and drink boiled Borage water, for the space of four days: and after the fourth day is past, give him Wheaton, for Barley bread, dipped in Chicken broth, or broth of Mutton of the Wether, lest the sick be overmutch weakened, with the slender diet. Now the next day, return to your Patient, & open his wound gently, which done, search the Bone well and warily, with a searcher of seluer, which must neither be to blunt, to over run the rimmes, or cliffs neither so small or fine, that it should enter into them. Ye shall search it thus. Draw the Searcher to and fro, prettily upon the Bone: and if it slide plainly without stay, it is a sign the Scalp is safe and sound. But if it stay, and find some let, ye may then think well, 
How to search a wound.  that the bone is cloven and cut. But now, in as much as we speak of rimmes, and because they be divers, this place requireth, to distinct them properly, or ever we meddle further in the cure.  
Fissures or chinks, be caused in the head two ways: with a thing, which giveth a blunt stripe, or else with a thing, which cutteth. 
Fissuries or chaps.  If it be with a thing, that giveth a blunt stripe, the thing properly, is called a cleft or a ryving. And if it be with a cut, it is called a chynke or a cleft. And all these vary in length, shortness, largeness, and smallness, they vary also otherwise. For every of them, I say, the chink and cleft, 
A cleft in the head.  may be with depression of the bone, or without depression. For an instrument, which cutteth, may 'cause depression, namely, if it be thick or blunt. And albeit, they agreed in the former points, yet they differ in this, that is to say, the cleft, which is caused by a bruise, is ever thought to be with penetration, or through going and piercing of the bone, where it is not a like always in a cut or incision. I say this of men's scalps, and not of children. For in children, which be within seven year of age: we may be deceived, as we see by experience. For why, such skulls will be enfolded, 
A note. between a man's skull, and a voyes.  because they be not yet hardened ne strengthened: and moisture also aboundeth in them, which property is not found in men's scalps that are come to ripe age. For men's Scalps will rive. and be cut through, rather than be enfolded, by reason of the hardness, and drought of the Bone. Wherefore, men that are come to hardness, are deprived of this, which is found in tender age. And after what sort, every of these may be cured, we shall declare orderly, when we have first premysed the intentions, which must needs be observed, if we intent warily, to eschew dangers in such cases. And as soon as we shallbe at point with this, we shall accomplish our promise, both of a ryving or clyft, with the depression of the bone.  
Presupposing then the regiment of life, these be the chief and principal intentions about this cure: that is to wit, to conserve the complexion of the member in his proper state, to prohibit Apostumations, and to apply local medicines fit for the purpose. Certes we may conserve the complexion, and rectify it, if it be decayed, with Emplasters, 
Avicen.  as Avicen writeth in the chapter, of the wounding of the skin of the head. Et principium quidem consistit in emplastris, & erit rectificatio. etc. The beginning standeth in plasters, and so will the rectification be soon had. We shall prevent or put of apostumations, if we shall work the things, which the Pacientes strength shallbe able to abide and suffer, as we have commandment in the same place. And doubtless, the disposition of the Body, shall away with it well enough, if we proceed no farther than till the cause of apostumation, be intercepted and cut of. These be the causes of an hot apostumation, Siphac, 
What thing do annoy the brain most,  a gobbet of a bone, pryckinge the utter Rimme, which is called Dura matter, annoyance of tents, cold approaching to the Rimmes, or Pannicules, plenty of meat and Drink, and the secret evil (as they call it) which I understand, to be a certain malignity of Complexion, and superfluities of froward bodies: which we shall prevent & cut of by purgation and blood letting. The Patient shall be purged, according to the signification of his urine. 
〈…〉  For why, that will show the humour, which is excessive in the body, as we said in the cure of Ulcers. And as touching blood letting it hath, as he saith, two intentions: the one to make evacuation, and the other to prohibit, or withdraw. But where we treat of blood letting, I pray you of good fellowship, note this well: for it shall greatly make for the preservation, and safeguard of your Patient, which is soar, and for yourself also.  

A goodly note 〈…〉 cure.  Note, dearly beloved, that it may chance, that the sick come under your hands, the same day he was wounded, or else after the fourth. From the first day unto the fourth exquisytely, you may use divers blood letting, because this is the time, when matter causing Apostumation, useth to flow▪ & turn again to the place. And this blood letting must be made in the common vain, called Mediana, of the opposite arm. Here ye shall diligently mark, and take heed, that ye err not, in the signification of this word opposite, as some have, which were not seen in this word at all. For this word opposite, 
To let blood on the contrary part, why it must be by reason.  signifieth contrariety, as when a thing is placed, over against the contrary part. Wherefore, the parts of the right side, may not properly be opposite one to an other, within themselves, but parts of the right side, to the parts of the left. This will appear in the shape of man's body, which is erected and figured, after the manner of a Quadrant, albeit, it be not fully square and shaped with equality of corners, as is a true quadrant or square. 
M●n is made Geometrically in order.  Now it is evident, that this quadrangle, in manner is measured, with two Diameters, which also properly be opposite. So having respect to this quadrangle, it shall be an easy matter to see▪ on whether part the vain shall be opened. And this blood letting, as we said before, is made for two purposes, according as the cause requireth, that is to weet, to make evacuation, or else to divert or turn away the blood to the opposite part, If your intent be to turn a side the blood, it must be done in the opposite part. 
Example of blood letting.  For example: When the Wound is in the left side, a vain of the right side shall be opened: & contrarily, when the Wound is in the right side, a vain of the left, which must be the common. On the other part, if your purpose be only to make evacuation, ye shall work the feat in the vain, which is most proper to the part wounded. As be the veins in both hands, called Cephalicae, that is. the head veins: which will void matter and blood from the ●ead. Wherefore, they do amiss, and evilly, yea, maliciously, who indifferently take blood of the one, or other hand at the beginning, where the intent should be to divert, and turn away the blood by fleubotomy. For they make evacuation, and turn not away the blood, to the contrary part, and so consequently cause they the feebled member, 
Poor men are corrected, for great men's faults.  to be more feeble, and decayed in such wise, that other members sand thither their superfluityes, as he saith, Quicquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi: What fault so ever be committed amongst the high counsels, the poor People suffereth for it. For it is certain, that the member is feebled, as soon as it is wounded. Wherefore in so doing, they open the way to apostumation whiles they think to prevent and stop it, and become occasion of the patients death. And thus craftily work the Emperikes, and Heathen Uagaboundes, coveting not only to slay, and sup the Christian blood, but utterly to extinguish the Christian name, if it were possible. Yet a God's name, we can abide to call them unto us, and entertain them with all gentleness, where we should not only forbidden them the art, but also tread them under our feet, and make them bond Slaves, as the Turks do us Christian men, when they take us, and use us worse than Dogs.  
Now, in case the Body be full, and replenished with humours, 
When to let blood, two times in one place, & why.  ye shall let your Patient bleed again, in the same place, where ye let him blood before. But if the apostumation were in the cleansing places, as under the arm holes, Flanks, and ears, I would in no wise let my Patient bleed, for that malady: because I find not, why I should so do. For an Apostumation may not a rise, in the emunctory places, but by evilness or malignity of some principal member, or by reason of the superfluities of some member adjacent. If the place be apostumated through matter, expelled from a principal member: Fleubotomy were not to the purpose, because the matter might be revoked inward, which Nature had put forth. Neither should it be well to the purpose also, if the swelling came of superfluityes, of the next parts thereunto. For we should put the matter from the unnoble and petite member, and burden again the principal with it, whereof would ensue great inconveniences and dangers. We be also fobidden to use repercussives, for fear of the like dangers, in the said emunctory or running places. But if I had occasion (in as much as we live, and have a do with nice, foolish, and wilful people, which call for things to their safety, in such wise, that we must work against our Rules, to satisfy their lusts) I would open in that case, the Basilica, or liver vein. And it shall make no matter, whether ye open the vain in the right side, or left, so the Apostumation be in the upper part of the body: but in case the apostumation be in the lower part, 
If an apostumation be in the midst of the upper part of the body, then to bleed either on the left arm, or else right, is well.  blood may be taken from the liver veins, in the foot of the opposite part, according as ye shall think it most convenient. Howbeit, it will be surer, and farther from peril, to take blood of the liver, in the same part of the Foot. For it were jeopardy, lest some humidite, retained in the glandeous Flesh, might by stirring and angering of the matter, cause Apostumations. Well, I have said enough, as touching blood letting, now we will to the local Medicines, which shall be declured in the cure. Wherefore, let us come to the cure of a breacke in the Scalp, namely of a cleft, or a ryving: and first here mark this figure for blood letting, here after this place.  
Under the ton are three veins, which are good to be opened against Apoplexia Angina, & stopping of the spirits of asperation, and respiration, and all the evils of the mouth, tongue, and throat. 
R 
The vein called Sciatica, & cometh from beneath the Knee▪ downward, & are two in number. & are good to be opened in warm water to help the swelling of the secret members & also the pain called Sciatica.  Q 
Saphena, cometh from the hollowness under the knee, as Sciatica doth. It is in the inside of the ankle and is opened for the Spleen Matrix. etc.  P 
The vain of the forehead, to be opened against frenzy Megren ache in the head forgetfulness, &. soreness in the eyes. etc. 〈◊〉 this vain springeth from the outward throat vein.  O 
Vena externa or Cephalica in the arm, is opened with a large cut, not dep to let forth gross matter, and to cleanse the head, from all grieves, as falling sickness dimness of head. etc.  A. 
Mediana. which is in the midst is the chief or gain or spring of the blood, it must be opened to help the sides, Midrife, stomach, hot fevers etc.  D 
Vena interna. or Basilica, coming from the heart and liver, by this vain is a sinew like to it, in which is contained the spyxite of life, & under the same are mighty sinews, therefore it is perilous to open the vain but by great knowledge, but it help to be opened against pleuricy, pestilence. etc.  B 
A branch of Cephalica in the hand.  H 
Funis brachij.  G 
Saluatella.  E 
These three last are of small force to ●open, because little blood doth cum from them, but yet to open these small veins in warm water, doth help Apoplexia.    
But yet or ever we take the cure in hand, I think it much appertaining to our duty, to show what way we mind to follow in the cures. For I have found two, after Avicen, whereof the one doth only moist, and the other only dry. But to say truth, neither of them liketh me, by itself alone. For if I used the way of moisting, in a bruise, I might well doubt of putrefaction, because this way greatly promoteth putrefaction. For it is done with oils, and yolks of Eggs, 
When to dry ● when to moist a wound in the head.  which cause putrefaction in a bruised place. On the other part, the way of driving down, with Aqua vitae, & the powder, which Avicen describeth in the chapter, De incisione cutis, before alleged, doth not fully content me, though it have two parts: whereof the one defendeth from putrefaction, but the other parteth not the bruised. Therefore, because I would not fall into either extremity of only drying, or only moisting▪ I have gathered a certain way of them both, consisting between them both. For it shall altogether have virtue, to dry and to moist, because as I judge, medicines for the head, must actually moist, and dry potencially. For by the help of drought, we preserve the complexion of the bone, and pannicles which be dry of complexion, as Galen writeth. And by moisture, we procure digestion, if any thing were turned and bruised. All these things shall we obtain, with Rosed Honey strained, Aqua vitae, & the powder, which we shall order in the cure. Neither must you marvel at the matter, my friend soreness, and your Fellows, as did one, when he heard a man say, that honey was moist in feeling, and drying in virtue and working. verily of his corpulency, if I may so say, it moisteth, but as touching his qualities & virtue, his operation is drying. But it was no wonder, that the young Philosopher, did not perceive the matter: Alas he had not yet read over books of simples, neither the principles of Philosophy. Lady Ignorance caused him to muse, but not to search the cause, as did the Philosophers, as Aristotle writeth, in his supernaturals. He would not have marveled, if he had read Aristotle concerning the mynglinge of the Elements: whereby he should have easily perceived, that Honey is of the Qualities, whereof I reported it to be, by reason of the complexion in mingling, if it be advisedly considered, according to his essence and Nature. And if there shall be any man, which shall not perceive thoroughly, the Nature of the Simples, contained in Medicines, yet let him assuredly persuade himself, that I will describe no other way of Cure, than I have written, and have got thereby, both profit and good well spent time: ye have heard the cautels and provisions, which I reckon necessary. Now will I orderly describe you the cure.  
Then, when ye find a Clift, by reason of a Bruse, ye shall observe this order: if ye mind to cure it rightly, in his kind. first, 
Beware of sharp pricking bones in the head for hurting of the Brain.  before all other things, consider whether it be with depression, & enfolding of the bone, or not. For if it be with depression, or enfolding, all that, which is bruised, must needs be taken forth: because it would otherwise provoke some apostumation. For why, in that case it could not be otherwise, but some gobbet of bone would be under the scalp, pricking the utter rimme, or Dura matter. And in this case hear them not, which shall counsel & persuade, to remove part of the bruised, and to leave part. For these men cannot remove the whole cause, in as much as in every little part of the bruised bone, may be some shiver, which by priking will come to apostumation. Therefore to avoid, and eschew the said cause, let us take forth all the bruised. But if the cleft be found, without depressing of the bone, ye may not cut out altogether, but only make an hole in that part, where the matter shall most easily come forth. And to the performance of this work, ye have three proper instruments, 
saw, chesil, and wimble for the head  the Saw, the chesil, and Wimble, amongst which we have most need of the Wimble, because I find in it more commodity than in other instruments.  
first, it will lightly make the hole, yea, and that without much molesting of the Patient: which thing cannot be done, without raspatory. Again it will make an hole, 
The wimble is best to pierce the head, to purge forth matter, if it be used discreetly.  and eventation, meet for the Passage of matter. Howbeit, there is one great discommodity, in this instrument, which is, it will lightly pierce the Brain, if it be not handled of a right expert Work man, in that behalf. But this chanceth under his Hands, who always turneth the Wimble about, after one manner fashion, where he should use a trimmeling kind of moving the wimble, for if the Wimble pass through. by the round moving, and so touch the Dura matter, it will cut and rend the same, which doth lightly happen in a trembling moving. For if it touched the Dura matter, it might well prick her, but not pierce her through. 
A witty head and a steady hand, is fit for a good Chirurgeon,  Wherefore, it would leave her whole and sound. And therefore, who so would exercise this feat, aught to have a light hand, and witty head together, with a sad judgement, and not to be taken from among them, that have used to handle gross matters, and occupations: as Digging, or Ploughing, heaving of Timber, and currying of Horses. For their hands be hardened with labours, and may not lightly feel when it is through the bone, if they lay load on their work. And therefore this work must be done, with most exquisite diligence, and circumspection, lest we slay Men, whiles we labour to preserve them. For this cause, you must give some attendance to them, which handle this work manlike: so that ye may the better, and with more safeguard, attempt this cure afterward. Now, as soon as the scalp shallbe holed, ye shall with all speed possible, 
Make haste in the ●ure of the head to defend the air, which will corrupt.  power in so much Rosed Honey strained, as shall be able to cover the rimme of the Brain. This haste is made, lest the Air be entered in, and made alteration in Caphelica, next power Aqua vitae upon the Honey, till the hole shallbe filled, whereunto ye shall cast so much of this powder, as may rise the depth of a Knyffes thickness, from the Rimme.  
R. Aloes, Epatike, Sarcocol, Myrrh, ana. ʒ. i.ss. Incense. ʒ. i. Dragon's blood. ʒ. ss· and ℈. ss. of Saffron mingle them together, and ponder them finely, for the use we spoke of. All this do we, to save the Complexion of the bone, and pannicles, after the mind of Avicen, and Galen, as is alleged before. When ye have thus done, take so much of a Sponge, as may be sufficient to fill the hole: and this is done for two considerations. The first is, to exclude the noyance of tents. 
Work 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 of the head.  For a Sponge will give place to the stretching of the brain, and tents can not, but somewhiles cause apostumation, by reason of their resistance and stubbornness. The other cause is, that the matter is soon drawn forth, from the pannicles. For it might altar, if it remained any while, or else be imprisoned, which is no rare and strange thing, to see daily in the cures of these light and common Practicians. After all this, fill the wound with Aqua vitae, powder, & lint: applying upon the same a piece of cloth, anointed with unguentum Basilicum above described, to the intent the medicines be retained there. And when ye have acccomplished all these things in order, lay this plaster on the head shaven.  
Take Camomile, Melilote, 
A very good emplaster for the head.  ana. M.iij. Myrtles. M.ij Cypress nuts xu read Roses, and Wormwood. ana. M.i. bean meal, & Lupine meal, ana. ℥ four Bray all that aught to be brayed, and seethe them altogether▪ in new, white Wine, and Barber's Lee, of like portions, unto such time as it shall be like a cerate. After this, spreede it on a cloth warm▪ and apply it to the head. This plaster is used for many purposes. first, to comfort the head, by strengthing of the complexion, next to defend from cold, and rectify the air, which is enclosed. This is it that Avicen saith: 
Take heed of cold, in a Wound of the head.  Oportet ut vehemens caveatur f●igus, et●am in aestate, quoniam in eo est timor magnus. Ice must beware of vehement cold, though it were in Summer, because there is great fear in it. He meaneth that the Air must be rectified, namely, which entereth into the head, at the opening of the Scalp. For some will go in. whether ye will or not to fulfil the room, in as much as nature cannot suffer any place to be vacant, or empty, as the Philosopher doth write. He meaneth not that the whole air of the Chamber, ought to be rectified, as some Practicians think, and would fain be seen to be circumspect in the matter. Thirdly, to procure digestion. Fourthly, 
There is no place empty, for air filleth every open place.  to draw sanious matter, as soon as it is generated, and retained in the Sponge, Fifthly, to resolve the matter, which is wont to cause Apostumation. For often times (as saith Galen, whom Avicen citeth) apostumation followeth whatsoever instrument ye use, which ye shall prevent and eschew, if ye apply the former plaster on the head. And this may easily appear, if a man consider diligently, the Simples in the plasters. Now, thus shall you proceed in the cure, unto such time as the Cicatrice shall be produced: always iterating and renewing, the former medicines, as often as they shallbe old, and dismitted. But in asmutch, as the flesh groweth here above his place, ye shall repress and keep it down, with Roche Alum brent, applying it always, in the circuit of the superfluous flesh. But moderate the Alum in small quantity, that it 'cause no dolour, 
To correct proud flesh.  by reason of his vytinge, & mordication. This is the self same manner, which hetherunto hath been used in cures, wherewith have been helped above many hundred persons, in our time: but I need not here make rehearsal of them, sith a manifest thing shall need no Witnesses. But I say, I remember one thing, which was almost forgotten negligently, and is necessary to be observed about opening of a scalp, which is this. When ye open the scalp, in such cures, and make an hole for the foresaid purposes: be you ware that ye touch not any seam of the scalp. 
Five seams in the scalp.  They be five in number, two uncomplet and false, and three true seams. The first is named Coronal, of a crown, because the crowns be worn in that place, & it is in the former part of the head: the second Lambda or Lauda, like the Greeke letter, λ, which is in the hinder part of the head. The third true seam, Sagittal, 
Sagittalis sine discriminalis.  like an arrow, under the parting of the hair, whence one end toucheth the seam coronal, and the other Lambda, in the hinder part: the two false seams, be at sides in the regions, or plats in the temples, Now in case any clyfte or chin, touch either of the two, we must vs● much diligence, and circumspection. Note here also, that clyftes and chins, may chance in the said seams: either in length, which is, when the clyft together with the seam, make iiij straight angles: or else in breadth. If it chance in length, the bone must needs be bored, and holed on both sides, of the seam, because the partition of Dura matter may not ●ee touched in the Work. I say it must needs be holed on both sides for as much as it may be, that blood be fallen from the veins, in both parts, and there be congealed. For if we would feel, or work in the seam where Dura matter is bound and stayed (as do they, 
How suffocation in the Brain may come.  which come fro practise to Chirurgi) we might well fear and doubt, of suffocation of the brain, because the rimme being loosed, should press it down, and so choke it. And that we should make no such losing of Cephaljca in the place, we are admonished by Cornelius Celsus, in the Chap. De calua●iae curatione. Howbeit, he doth it in consideration of Hypocrates confession, where to the profit of his posterity, he confesseth that he was deceived, working in a seam. wherefore, ye shall not work in any seam, lest ye be deceived, as was Hypocrates, Prince of Physicians. But if the fissure or membrana chance in breadth ye shall make holes in the same, in both sides of the seam: always observing this, that neither partition, neither seam be touched at all. When these holes be made, ye shall finish the Cura, according to the order and manner, as was before prescribed. And as for the think, ye shall do in like manner, if ye be assured, that it pierce and run through the scalp. On the other side, if it go not through that part of the scalp, which they call vitrea tabula, that is, the Glassy table but only come to the spongeous bone: Ye shall proceed to the cure, with Aqua vitae, and the powder alone, which shallbe sufficient. Now if ye list, ye may plain and abate the bone▪ about the riven place, whereof will follow sooner incarnation, and causing of the Cicatrice. These be rules, and orders in the cures, which are not much used in hard maladies proceeding of a cause primitive. Now therefore, have you that, which ye so earnestly have required: A gift in mine opinion, as great as my poor knowledge is able to bring to pass shortly for the help of mankind, which is in soreness, but yet I did keep these things long with myself, to the intent I might once at lest, so soon content your minds. But whether I have so done, as mine intent was, I am uncertain. For why, I am become in these treactises, as one that buildeth his house in the mids of the Market steed, about the which, as touching the height, and breadth, among the lookers thereupon arise alteration, & controversy, whereas the Builder thought his work of convenient proportion. So fear I, lest perchance my doing, shall seem to some, abject and base, and to some other, to obscure or dark. But certes, in asmutch as I am not able to please all sorts, I thought it best, to retain the mean way in speaking, specially sith I never liked, to fly over the tops of trees: but plainly to go a soft pace, & as it were with a leaden foot, to the intent, that who so listed to over get me, might the easier attain thereunto, without painful travel in their journey. And thus gentle soreness: wishing God to send thee health, and us to meet merrily again: I make an end with a Cautery good for thy purpose: and a rule to help the stone.  soreness. 
But first how make you the read powder, for the parting water?  Chirurgi. 
YOu must make it thus. ℞. Of water wherewith Goldsmiths do separate gold and silver, which is green, 
A goodly water of great strength, to se●perate metal good for to consume rotten flesh.  when it hath separated the metals: of this take. ℥ uj of Quicksilver. ℥ four mingle them together, and put them either into a little stone Limbeck, or Still, or else into one of Venice glass, well luted with clay, both the head of the Still, and the part whereupon it standeth, and also the receiver, whereinto it droppeth, that none pass away. Distill it on a soft fire, in a close▪ Furneyce. Your parting water is thus made.  
R. Salt Peter, Alum Roche, and Roman Uitriall, ana. l i.ij. beat them together in a Mortar, than put it into a double glass, well luted, or so stopped, that no air do transpire, or go forth: this will make a singular good Water, drop one gutta or drop upon the ground, and you shall see it boil, as though it were on the fire. These are profitable, to the work of Chirurgj, in foul sores, and Ulcers: here is good occasion ministered, to speak of making of Medicines. But I refer that, to the book of compounds, where there are not only good store of them, but also good medicines, no less profitable to Chirurgj, than needful to Physic.  soreness. 
Now how make you Lee, to open, in the manner of a Cautery?  Chirurgi. 
MAke it after this fashion. 
A good Lee for a Cautery  R. A pretty round Tub of two gallons, with a hole in the bottom. stopped, put into this Tub, ashes of the Ash tree. Make a hole in the mids, to put in a pottle or more, of unslacked lime, and power upon it quickly hot Lee, as much as shall cover the Lime, and with all speed cover it with Ashes, that the air may be kept in, for two days: the third unstop the hole, and let the water distill, from the Lime and Ashes, and keep this in a close vessel. This will quickly open any part that is soar, as apostumations without pain: and if an Egg will not sink in it, but fleet, than it is good Lie, for the purpose.  soreness. 
THere are good powders, profitable to your Art, I pray you learn me some of them, to cleanse dead Flesh: and as for the book of Compounds, I will read that at more leisure.  Chirurgi. 

A good powder for rotten flesh.  I Will teach you to make a trosse, to cleanse rotten Flesh, which is. R. Water of Plataine. ℥ vi Mercury well sublimated, & made in powder. ℥. ss. Seethe them in a little Pan, to the consuming of the fourth part: then let it stand twelve hours, after kneade it with a little▪ Beanemeale, and roul● them up into a trosse. Note also, that you must mingle so much Uermilion, with the Beanemeale, as will colour it: dry this trosse, in an Oven, or hot Sun.  soreness. 
How make you a potential Cautery?  Chirurgi. 
TO make a Cautery. R. Of the strongest Soap Lie, asmutch as will suffice, 
A potential Cautery.  put it in a brazen Kettle. Put thereunto. ʒ. i ss. Roman Uitriall, let all seethe until the liquor be consumed, then gather up the Foam, that doth remain: and keep this to open Apostumations. For in opening without pain, this doth excel all other.  soreness. 
BUt that the time is far spent, and I have put you to much pains, else I would have learned some thing, to have taken away Gravel & Stone, from the Kidneys, reins, and Bladder.  Chirurgi. 
AT this present, I have no time convenient, to serve that turn at large: it requireth no small travel. For like as among all mortal evils, the Stone is the greatest: so the cure is most cunning. notwithstanding, I shall by God's grace entreat, hereafter at large, 
For the stone a good regiment.  the diet, the proper medicines, cure, and cutting of the stone. But yet in the mean time, let the Patient keep him warm. Eat no salt fish, or Flesh burnt, roasted meats, hard Cheese, or slimy things, ingenderers of viscious humours, gross or clammy▪ Or drink hot wines, or eat Uenison, or any water Fowl, or be costiffe bellied, or keep their Back hot. etc. The signs of the Stone are evident, as pains in the reins, Bladder, Yard, Loins. etc. With painful lamenting and crying, stopping of the urine. etc. The causes are many, as of Parents, of evil Diet, with many evil accidents. The urine often times doth declare the evils of those parts, as Hypocrates in the third part of the ix of his Aphorisms affirmeth, 
Hypocrates. Why matter cometh from the yard.  saying: Si sanguinem aut pu● mingat, renum aut vesicae exulcerationem significat. To make water, or piss blood, or else filthy matter: it signifieth Soars and biles, either in the reins, or else in the Bladder: and assuredly, such Soars, and Ulcers, 
Hippocrates. why matter cometh from the yard.  come from the stone the which do excoriate, fret, cut, and 'cause both Blood and Matter without urine, to come forth at the Yard. But sometime pure blood is pissed, of the breaking of a vein: and sometime from Women, for the secret infirmity, or natural passion, through cleansing of terms. But gravel in the urine, 
Why men do piss blood.  betokeneth the stone in the Bladder, saith Hypocrates. lib. iij. Aphorism. Quibus in urina velut arenuae subsistunt, ijs vesica laborat. calculo. Furthermore, it is scant possible, for old people to be helped in the reins, or Bladder, 
A reward for Lechery.  for the stone. Specially in great gluttonous people, as Drunkards with Ale and Beer: or else them, which were never satisfied with Lechery in their youth etc. Howbeit, to speak a little, for the help thereof, two things must be considered. first, the preservative. Secondly, the curative. 
preservative Curative.  The preservative, by good Diet, and wholesome regiment of Life, as what ye do eat, the manner of eating and drinking. The time, the place, the quality and the quantity of the said meats and drinks: as meat of light digestion clean Bread without Bran. Not to be to much hot or cold, neither much travel, or sitting still idle, but good exercise. etc. And note, when the stone is in the Bladder, than it is harder than that which is in the reins, and more burnt. Now, if your gravel come of heat, 
Galens Syrup for the stone.  or through hot accidents, as with hot wines, Labour. etc. Then follow. C. Galens Syrup, which is most excellent also, in this our age, and is thus made.  
R. Syrup of Endive, of Sorrel, of water Lilies, ana. ℥ .v. the Waters of Fenell, of Endive, ana. ℥ i mingle them together, and give the Patient to drink, Morning and Evening: and anoint the reins, with Galens cold ointment, which is written in the compounds.  soreness. 
But what remedy, when the Stone cometh of cold?  Chirurgi. 
GALEN must put to his helping hand, which willeth, 
When the stone cometh of cold.  when such contraries do happen, when nature is so changed from heat into coldness, or if it were cold from the beginning: then to help with warm things, to dissolve, and this was his reamedy. R. Theriacae Galeni. ʒ.i. Syrup of the Barks of the Citri. ℥ i warm water, 
Good pottage, for the stone.  as of Carduus Benedictus. etc. ℥ two mingle them together, and give your Patient, or take it yourself ten days: For it is no light trifling Medicine, but most effectual, and substantial, invented by Galen. And like as in hot burning of the stove, to drink clean Whey, or Butter milk is good, 
Men do want providence, to foresee their own evils.  and to eat Purslen: even so in the case of coldness, Hare's flesh sodden with Capers, and young Nettles is best, and a mornings to eat half an Ounce of new drawn Cassiafistula mingled with Sugar: and to drink Whey of Goat's milk. O that Men would foresee, the evils against Nature, as Fevers, Pox, Lepers, Gouts, Stone, Cankers. etc. And take in hand to help them, in their first Spring, for than they would be soon helped. As example. Fire and Water, are good Servants, but evil Masters. For if they get the victory, who can rule them? the proof is manifest: for it is easy to quench a fire in the beginning: 
Fire and water be good servants, but evil masters.  but when it hath gotten hold, of the Thank, Sparres, Beams. etc. then it is to late. So when vile humours have incensed the blood. Veins. etc. And have gotten the victory, rebelling against good nature: than it is either to late, or else to hard, to put them away, and bring nature again, to his good estate. Yet it hurteth little the Physicians, Chirurgeons, and Apothecaries, to utter their knowledge, and also their Wares, with promises fair and false, in matters past cure. For gold hath no corruption, although it be gotten with a corrupted Conscience: But to our matter. Take things in due time, for time will never be called again, do what you can. Howbeit while as the body is yet living, there is left some help to relieve, or repair it again: and in such case of gravel, or the stone, what have ever done more pleasure, than Clysters, or Enemaes, ministered beneath at the Fundament? nothing truly, cutting excepted. Yet in cutting, unless the Chirurgeon be very cunning, 
Cutting of the stone, is perilous.  the Patient will soon cry: Quare de vulua eduxisti me? And although the Chirurgeon have great knowledge, yet one Patient doth scant escape among an hundred, happy man by his dole. On the other side, there be such bodies, when they are newly cleansed, and delivered from Gravel, or the stone: eftsoons the bodies are such, that they have it again as painfully, as at the first tyme. And some of those bodies, have the property of the North wind, in drying, or turning into dust: And other some have the property of Frost, 
Example,  to coagulate, to make cold, and turn soft things into hardness, as Ice is. Therefore in such evils do thus. Make a Clyster after this manner.  
R. Milium ●olis, or else the Berries of Alkakengi. ℥ vi clean running water. 
A goodly Clyster for to help the stove  l i iiij. seethe this until the Water be half consumed, then strain it, of this water take a pint or more, for your Clyster, putting thereunto the Oils of Dill, Camomile, and new Butter, ana. ℥ two and a little Salt: thus is your Clyster finished, and made, minister it warm but not scalding. Though this seem a plain Clyster, yet it is marvelous good in working: and cleanseth not only gravel, but also helpeth the Colic, and pains in the Guts. When. ye have ministered this, then following within three days, minister this, for it is of great virtue.  
R. Of the decoction of Mallows, Pari●tory, Coleworts, hollyhock, Smalage, 
Another singular good Clyster.  Sitrach, Polipodium, Carduus benedictus. Alkakengi feed of each like quantity of these. l i.i. Oils of Dill, of Camomile, of Lilles, ana. ℥. i.ss. Butter. ℥ two Hiera simplex. ʒ i and a little Salt, mingle all together, and warm put into the Clyster bladder, and Minister, as is aforesaid. If you have not this choice of Oils, you may take common oil of Olives. This Clyster is most excellent good, for the stone and gravel: it hath virtue to open, cleanse, waste, and scour without danger, peril, or hurt. When this is done speedily, have this Cataplasm at hand, and warm apply it to the pained place: whether it be in the Raynes, or the lowest part of the Belly, or Flanks, let it be done oftentime, have two in store, to lay unto the place warm, one after an other, it is thus made in good order.  
℞. The leaves, and Stalks of Prassium, of Mallows, of holy-hock ana. M.iij. sodden in the Broth, 
A good Cacaptaine for the keen.  wherein a Wether's head hath been sodden. Seethe herein also the roots of Mallows, well beaten in a Mortar. l.i.l.i. the Mucilage of Fenigreeke, and Flax seed. ana. l.u.l.u. then let it be strained forth strongly, to this juice put the Oils of Dill, Camomile, white Lilies. ana. ℥ four fresh Butter. ℥ uj honey. ℥ .v. boil all together in a clean Pan, put in Bran of Barley, and Meal, temper all with a stick, until it come to the thickness of soft Paste, spread it in two several Cataplasms, and warm apply one of them after an other, to the dolorous place. And when one is cold, then apply on th'other oftentimes, this is of a singular operation: with this, that great learned Man, master Doctor Marianus hath done much good, 
A drink for the stone.  and this I have also proved many times. Then to make the matter perfect, give your Patient to drink Benedictae laxativaeʒʒ .vj. tempered with clean odoriferous, warm white Wine, a quarter of a pint or more, when this is done: wrap him in warm clotheses, with head well covered, and so let him sweated. And this cleanseth the reins, and Bladder, equal with any other: except you will hazard your Life, in cutting. Furthermore, note a great secret, which I do disclose for the sake of mankind. Let the Patient have the stilled Waters, of Saxifrage, Parietary, Persily, Filipendula, and smallage, altogether. ana. ℥ three and put into this water, this precious powder following. 
A most worthy powder for the stone.  ℈. i.ss. or. ℈. R. Persily roots clean washed and scraped, I mean their rinds, and Persily seed, ana. ʒ. uj or more, and ʒ. viii. of the Flowers of Iringium, or the Sea Thistil, and also Iringium roots, and the roots of Carduus Benedictus. ana. ʒ. ss. Cut your roots finely and thine, and put all together in a close vessel, into the Oven, until they be dry, and then make powder: keep it close from Air. And when occasion doth serve, temper your foresaid quantity into your Waters, or else with white Wine or Chicken broth, drink it warm. Also note well this Syrup for the stone, wherein the Patient may take every second night warm. 
A Syrup for the stone.  ℥ two R. Roots of hollyhock. ℥ four the leaves of Mallows, Filipendula and Parietary. ana. M.ij the seed of Persyly, fenugreek, and Flax. ana. ℥ i juiubes in number xxx clean scraped Lyquoryce. l.i.l.i. the roots of Asparagus, Carduus Benedictus, Iringium, Persyly, and Fenyll. ana. ℥. ij.ss. seethe all these in ten l j weight of clean running, or Well water, unto the third part be wasted: then strain it, and put unto this Decoction. l.i.ss. of clean white Sugar, stir it, and make your Syrup, and keep it in a close double Glass. These foresaid things are excellent good, to be sodden in clean white Wine, putting thereunto. l.i.l.i. of the white Guaicum razed, and put in a vessel of three gallons, made close in the mouth: and so put into a fair great hollow Cauldron of water, and so to seethe four hours, then take it from the fire, and let it stand until it be cold. Then open it, and strain it, and keep it close, to drink at all times.  
And thus also hath Richard Bulleyn, a zealous Lover of Physic, 
Richard Bulleyn his practice for the stone.  more for the consolation & help of th'afflicted sick people, being poor, then for the lucre and gain, of the Money of the Wealthy and Rich, written. This Man I say, although he professeth comfortable cordials, and Heavenly Medicines for the Soul, being a Divine: yet he hath good Experience of many Infirmities, and Sicknesses, infecting the Bodies of Mankind, and hath done many goodly Cures, which I do leave unwritten, both for the proiixity of time, and also for that no adulation, flattery, or any private affection should appear, or be suspected in him the author hereof towards him the said Richard Bulleyn, because he is his natural born Brother: but to the matter, his Medicine for the Gravel in the reins, and Stone. And thus he writeth in his pretty Work, which if it please GOD, shall hereafter come abroad to the profit of the common wealth, of the English Nation. And this is his compendious order: Saith he, the great Dolour, Phlegmon, or Ulcer of the reins by the which reins, urine is conveyed into the Bladder. etc. or the Stone in the Bladder: do cause great pains in making of urine, which urine is often stopped, or else pisseth little at once, with excoriation, and Blood. Where gravel, and ragged stones, coming of gross, salt, hot matter, viscuous humours: after long hot burning Fevers, evil Diet, Cheese, old powdered Beef, Bacon, Uenison, salt Fish, hot wines have been used in Diet. The stone is oftener in the Bladders of the lean hot Men, which have larger vessels, then in fat persons having small vessels, and cold moist fat bodies. etc.  

Two things considered in the stone, for the cure of the same.  The stone, saith he, after the Mind of Galen, in the reins is lighter, lesser, softer, and redder, declining somewhat into Grains, but in the Bladder, it is greater, heavier, harder, grievouser, in colour whitish, or more adust, and both these are dangerous, and scant curable. After one is xl year old: as saith Hypocrates. Aphoris. Quicunque nephretici sunt, non sanantur post quadraginta annos: Who so hath the passion in the reins, after xl years, is past cure: the regiment in the cure is double. The first is, to prohibit the generation of the stone. The second is to displace, or remove it, when it is grown. The first intention hath five things, not naturally, directly contrary against the stone. As air, gross, misty, cloudy. etc. to be fled▪ for it doth engender gross matter.  
Meats and Drinks, as gross Wine, and salt meats, burnt, things, cold water, which will bring gross matter, and breed the stone.  
Labour immoderate, to much excercise, which engrosseth the blood:  
Solitariness, much study, no travel, or Lechery immoderate, which are great enemies to nature.  
Great affliction of the mind, watching, fasting. etc.  
To help these evils, do thus, as followeth.  
Use meats of light digestion, in due time, place, and order.  
Moderate labour between meals, to help digestion, and make the body strong: and to beware of Lists, Wrastlinges. etc. that will hurt the body, being used immoderately.  
Of all things to beware of Idleness, the mother of evils, and nourisher of as many sicknesses to the body, as are caused through gluttony: & specially, of to much copulation carnal.  
Use pleasant Music, and things to delight the spirits: for Melancholy, which is cold and dry, is a great furderer of the stone: & when these are done, use these things following.  
R. Syrup of the two Roots, honey of Roses, 
R. Bulleyns' Syrup for the stone.  Syrup of Uinegar simple. Syrup of Fenell, Syrup of Saxifrage. ana. ℥. ss. the water of Fenill, of Wormwood, of Persiley, of Maydenhayre, of Alkakengi. ana. ℥ i mingle them, and temper them▪ warm, and drink this oftentimes, morning and evening, until the matter phlegmatic be digested. Then use this potion, to purge the said digested matter in this order following. R. Of the decoction of the four great hot roots, into whom put these seeds, 
R. Bulleyns' electuary for the stone.  Persily, Saxifrage, Anisseedes, Smalage, Fenell, Asparagus. ana. ʒ. i. seethe these together, then strain it, and put into the same, Electuariae de Cassia, Diacatholiconis. ana ʒ. iij. Diaphiniconis. ʒ.ij.ss. mingle them in warm drink, with Honey of Roses, to make it sweet, and drink it warm in the morning, within four days following, which are of great virtue.  
R. Pills of Hiera Nicolai. ʒ.i.ss make five Pills in number, round, new and gilted, and take them early. drinking the Broth of a Chicken, 
R. Bulleyns' Pills for the stone.  within two hours following. Then apply this Emplaster warm into the reins, the day next after your Pills.  
R. Crumbs of two Manchets new baken, and thirty figs. three yellow yolks of Eggs, 
R. Bulleyns' emplaster for the stone.  Saffron. ʒ. i. fresh Butter. ℥ two sweet Rose water. ℥ vi let all stand in a Mortar ten hours, than beat all with a Pestle. Then spread it upon a cloth, & very warm apply it to the rains, renew it still warm, and apply it to the reins again. Then have at hand this Clyster following, to take after the Emplaster hath remained, by the space of fifteen hours.  
R. Oil of Dyll. ℥ vi clean white Wine. ℥ vij new fresh Butter. ℥ iiij Capons, and Ducks grease, without Salt, 
R. Bulleyns' Clyster for the stone.  Cassiafistula new drawn from the Cane. ℥. ss. the yolk of one Egg, with a very little fine white Salt, temper all in a Pan, to the order for a Clyster, and warm put it into the Bladder, and so minister towards Evening, and assuredly these be goodly reamedyes for the Stone. The whole Regiment for the stone, devised by the said Richard Bulleyn, shall by God's Grace, shortly come forth, to the profit of the common People.  
IN this place, good Reader, but the infortunate hap hath prevented me with lets, else assuredly, I would have written at length, the whole large Anatomy of the body of mankind: but here I do end, only with the names of these bones at this present time until hereafter, if God will suffer me to do more, I am then yours.  
i. Os frontis. vel coronale.  
ij. Ossa furcu●ae.  
ij Ossa petiosa, vel lapidosa.  
ij. Os laud.  
i Os basilare, vel polim●r●hon.  
ij Ossa nasi.  
ij. Ossa colatoris.  
xx Ossa mandibulae, super.  
ij. Ossa mandibulae infer.  
xxx. Ossa spondilia. vera & mendosa.  
ij. Parietalia  
ij. Spatulae utriusque. Humeri.  
Os adiutorij.  
ij. Focile vel radius.  
xviij. Ossa manuum digito.  
x. Ossa pectinis manum.  
ij. Ossa focile minus brachorum.  
xxiv. Costae verae & non verae.  
Malleoli.  
seven. Ossa thoracis  
i Os cordis.  
i. Os Epiglottale.  
ij. Ossa ancarum.  
ij. Patella & rotula gen.  
ij. Ossa ●haab tibiarum.  
ij. Canna tibiarum.  
ij. Os navicularis, b●● navifama,  
viii. Ossa planta pedis.  
ij. Os balistae.  
ij. Tubercula femoris  
Os maius tibiae.  
Crus.  
Cubitus.  
iij. Ossa cauda.  
i. Ossa pectinis.  
Ossa digitorum pedum, quae 〈◊〉 sunt xxvij  
Dentes numero xxxij etc.  
A tergo & a front me finxisti. Psal. 139.   

The Index between Soarnesse, and Chirurgj.  
 


A.  A Faithful man needeth no miracle. 
Fol. 8.  Apostumation is Compounded of three things. 
9  An ignorant Chirurgeon, is a man steer. 
5  A good medicine for apostumation. 
1●  A Cicatrice. 
13  A digestion. 
Ibidem  An abstersive. 
Idem  A good repercussive. 
14  Auicens medicine. 
Idem  An excellent Emplaster to assuage pain. 
15  A very good emplaster. 
Idem  A softening emplaster. 
17  A Wound of a bruise. 
19  A good question. 
20  A defensive very good. 
Idem  An abstersive to cleanse. 
21  A good Ointment for Wounds. 
Idem  A good practice. 
24  Anticedent, Coniunct. etc. 
25  A good exiccative to dry. 
26  Aristotle, a good note for the Elements. 
Idem  An incarnative to cause flesh. 
27  A defensive. 
Idem  A Sinative. 
Idem  A good foundation. 
28  Auicens wise providence. 
29  A good powder. 
Idem  Alteration of nature, what it is. 
30  Alteration of extension. 
Idem  A good lineament. 
31  A consideration of dead flesh. 
Idem  Anticedent & conjunct, what they are. 
Idem  A very good observation. 
32  Alteration of air. 
Idem  A defensive under the Knee. 
33  A conclusion. 
Idem  An other good defensive. 
34  A sign of overmutch drying. 
Idem  An other good mundification. 
Idem  A very good abstersive for the head. 
37  A good powder for the head. 
38  A Diet▪ 
Idem  A cl●tt in the Brain pan. 
39  A note between a man's brain pan, & a child's. 
idem  A good note for a Chirurgeon. 
Idem  A witty head, & astedfast hand for a Chirurgeon. 
41  A very good emplaster for the head. 
42  A Water to consume rotten flesh. 
43  A good Lee for a cautery. 
Idem  A good powder for rotten flesh. 
Idem  A potential Cautery. 
Idem  A reward for Lechery. 
44  A Syrup for the Stone. 
Idem  A good plaster for the stone. 
Idem  An excellent potion for the stone. 
Idem  A good Clyster for the stone. 
Idem    


B  BOrias the North East wind. 
Fol. 1  Blind Bayard is boldest in the Cart. 
10  Blood proceeding of a primative cause. 
25  Breach of continuance. 
30    


C.  Courtesy. 
Fol. 2  Chirurgerj is a Sanctuary for vagabonds. 
5  Christ is not covetous. 
8  Composition, Repletion, & Complexion. 
10  Consider in what bodies, Apostumations are bred. 
12  Consider to open a member, before it do rot. 
13  Cautery potential. 
14  Choice of medicines are very good. 
16  Captain William Reed of the holy Island. 
21  Cold is the greatest enemy to the sinews of al. 
id.  Chirurgeons do never agreed. 
23  Chirurgeons must know Simples. 
26  C. Ce●sus. 
26  Cold vicer. 
27  Consider the urine, and so work. 
28  Corosion, biting, or gnawing. 
3●  Contraries▪ when to use them. 
35  Chalk for Cheese. 
37  Clotheses applied to a wounded head. 
38  Cutting of the stone is perilous. 
44    


D.  DOctor Turner. 
Fol. 4  Doctor Keys. 
Idem  Doctor Record. 
Idem  Doctor K●ningham, 
Idem  Doctor Fair. 
Idem  Doctor Andrew ●orde. 
Idem  Dog ●eaches, what they are. 
5  Do●or in complexion. 
15  Distilling of blood from the head. 
23  Deep cuts hurt the arteries. 
24  Digestion causeth not matter, but it is the proportionating of the humours. 
34  Diseases coming of fullness, are helped by emptiness. 
38  Dangerous wounds, how to know them. 
Idem    


E.  Evil parents, their fruits. 
Fol. 6  Example. 
15  Example. 
19  Example. 
20  Evil accidents follow much bleeding. 
24  Example of a Moldwarpe. 
35  Erisypelas, is a hot, read, round inflation soar, or Cholerik boil, with a fever in the body. 
38  Example of blood letting. 
39    


F.  FLora a Goddess of Flowers, or an Harlot of Rome. 
Fol. 2  first seek Gods Kingdom. 
Idem  For counterfeit Chirurgeons. 
6  Eight things or properties, of a good Chirurgeon. 
7  Four notes in an apostumation, beginning, augmenting, ●ate, and declining. 
10  Fowl bodies do repulse repercussives, except they be purged. 
11  Four intentions, and six unnatural things to be observed. 
14  Five notable things to be observed in healing. 
id.  Fools with Books, be worse than vnlea●ned Pra●tioners with practice. 
25  first handle the accidents in a cure, & note three things. 
28  first to all the whole body, and then to the particular member. 
33  five good intentions. 
34  Four intentions, in two kinds of vicers. 
Idem  Five causes that do hurt the head. 
37  Fi●●●res, or Chaps. 
39  Five sca●es in the Brain pan. 
42  Five kinds of Ulcers. 
23  Fire, and Water are good Servants, but evil Masters. 
●4    


G.  GOD giveth health. 
Fol. 22  Galens note. 
32  Great Clerks are not the wisest men. 
28  Geometrical measure in Chirurgi. 
33  Gluttony is no small enemy to nature. 
34  Galens Syrup for the stone. 
44    


H.  HOw to know apostumation. 
Fol. 9  How to rebate flesh superfluous. 
13  How to make incision. 
15  How to dry humour● that do abound. 
Idem  How to sew a wound, and how not. 
20  How to make a Cicatrice. 
27  How bold the Chirurgeon should be in cure. 
29  Hot and cold apostumations. 
30  Hardness of an Ulcer. 
31  How a Patient died, by evil cure. 
32  Hypocrates order. 
Idem  How to bind a member. 
33  How to find out a stripe, by what tokens in the lead. 
37  How to cut, to the end to heal. 
38  How cold ●urteth. 
Idem  How to search a wound. 
39  How ●●●●ocacion of the Brain may come. 
42    


I  Ignorance. 
Fol. 2  Incision, how to make it. 
13  It is perilous to sew a wound, coming of the biting, or ●●nding of some beast. 
19  In healing a compound Ulcer, mark the accidents concurrant. 
28  Imbrocation. 
31  If an apostumation, be in the midst of the upper part of the body, then to bleed either in the left arm, or else right, is well. 
40    

K.  
   


L.  Linx can see best of any creature, and his urine will turn into a stone. Pl●ni. 
Fol. 5    


M.  MAny good medicines are made of the plain people, to help in the absence of the Chirurgeons. 
Fol. 6  Man is but miserable, & is quickly gone. 
8  Men do use pretty terms, for foul sores. & call them by one name, when they are an other. 
9  Man's secret providence. 
17  Matter doth covet digestion. 
19  Melancholy meats. 
33  Man is made Geometrically in order. 
39  Make haste in the cure of the head, to defend the air, which else will corrupt, 
41  Men do want providence, to foresee their own evils. 
44    


N.  NAture worketh three ways to help herself. 
7  Nature must be relieved by sundry means, in the time of danger. 
Idem  Not local medicine applied, before the body be purged. 
14  Nature nourisheth herself, 
35    


O.  OF vagabond Chirurgeons, worse than thieves 
Fol. 5.  Of contraries of Elements. 
9  Of resolution. 
11  Of repercussives, when they are good. 
Idem  Of an Embroche. 
12  Of GOD, is the beginning, & ending of all thinger. 
17  Of Wounds. 
Idem  Of commission mortal. 
18  Of the first, and second intention. 
19  Of wounds in the muscles. 
20  Of Sinews. 
Idem  Of Wounds deep, and not deep. 
24  Of incision of small Veins. 
Idem  Of exiccatives. 
26  Of urine considered, of every sick, & soar man. 
28  Of radical moisture. 
Idem  Ovid, a good note. 
29  Of dolour. 
30  Of putrefaction, or rottenness. 
●●  Of bones, which are corrupted, two things considered. 
32  Of swellings, the cause. 
33  Of filthy matter. what it is. 
34  Of honest request, and friendship. 
36  Of incision of the head. 
37  Of blood running, the chief cause, and the hurt that doth follow the same. 
Idem    


P.  Parts most dangerous to be hurt. 
Fol. 18  Pate Hardy the Scot, a good Chirurgeon. 
19  Purge a ●oare man, after he is amended, for fear of dropsy. 
33  Purge the patient, according to the urine. 
39  Poor-men are corrected, for great men's faults. 
id.  preservative, and Curative. 
44    

Q.  
   


R.  Repercussives. 
Fol. 24  Regiment of Life. 
28  Remove the cause, & the effect will cease. 
32  Richard Bulleins practice for the stone. 
45  Richard Bulleins Syrup for the stone. 
46  Richard Bulleins Electuary for the stone. 
Idem  Richard Bulleins Pills for the stone. 
Idem  Richard Bulleins emplaster for the stone. 
Idem  Richard Bulleins Clyster for the stone. 
Idem    


S.  SAbinus a famous Mountain in Italy. 
2  Soft Chirurgeons, make foul sores. 
Idem  Sir Thomas Eliot knight. 
4  Sundry names of apostumations, but in effect, are but apostumations. 
9  Soars compounded. 
10  Signs of death. 
24  Sanguine, Choleric, apostumations. 
25  San●es is matter, coming of corrupted blood, or else putrefaction, and sometime it is taken for poison. 
Idem  Strong members, do oppress the weak. 
Idem  Sanious matter. 
26  Soft Chirurgeons, make foul soars yet Butcherly manglers, marreth altogether. 
29  Signs of broken bones in the head. 
38  saw, chesil, & Wimble, for the head are good instruments. 
44  Sagittalis, sive discrininalis. 
41    


T.  TRagedy beginneth ever evil, and endeth the same well. 
Fol. 2  Thomas Phayre Doctor. 
4  Thomas Pannell. 
Idem  Two kinds of Chirurgeons. 
5  The soldier is hurt more by an evil Chirurgeon, than by his enemy's weapon, often it is so proved. 
6  The miseries of man, when he is hurt in body. 
id.  The description of an unthrift, or a villain of nature, striving against grace and virtue, unprofitable for a common wealth. 
Idem  The virtue of Chirurgj. 
7  The Chirurgeon is the best hand craft in the World. 
Idem  The Chirurgeon is nature's servant. 
Idem  The strength of nature. 
Idem  Two manner of healings. 
8  Two kinds of apostumations, hot, & cold. 
9  The abundance of blood. in the apostumation. 
id  The cruelty of the Choleric apostumation, but the bloody apostumation is gentler. 
Idem  The quantity of the apostumations 
Idem  Three causes, the primative, the antecedent, & the conjunctive, which belong to the apostumation. 
11  To abate dead flesh. 
26  To altar a completion in a soar. 
Idem  The definition of a wound. 
17  Two kinds of wounds, the one simple, and the other double, or compound. 
18  The Chirurgeon must look pleasantly, upon his Patient. 
20  To cleanse the wound, and draw forth broken bones. 
21  To end a double wound, & begin accidents. 
Id.  To correct a swart wound. 
22  The flux of blood, proceeding of a primative cause. 
23  To stop a bleeding vain. 
24  To staunch blood. 
25  Two sundry sorts of ulcers. 
26  To know, whether ulcers be hot or cold. 
Idem  To make the skin whole. 
27  Three sundry intentions: of regiment, of matter, of growing. 
Idem  To abate proud flesh. 
Idem  The cause of superfluous flesh. 
28  To remove an escharous scab or crust. 
29  Two causes of matter. 
30  To search the cause, & displace the effect. 
31  Three causes of hardness. 
Idem  To make a Cicatrice. 
Idem  To help putrefaction. 
32  These signs are in the end. 
Idem  To open a vain, to purge gross blood. 
33  The cause of soreness is first, not considered of many. 
34  To scour & dry all Ulcers, plain, or hollow. 
35  The cause of bruises, what they are. 
37  To let blood on the contrary part, why it must be, by reason. 
39  The Wimble is best, to pierce the head, to purge forth matter▪ if it be used discreetly. 
41  Take heed of cold, in a wound of the head. 
42  There is no place empty, for air filleth every open place. 
42  To correct proud flesh. 
Idem  Two things considered in the stone, for the cure of the same. 
45    


V  unguentum Aegyptiacum of Avicen. 
16  Ulcers be hard to cure, that follow a sickness. 
23  Ulcers in good complexions, are soon cured. 
Id  Uariety of simples. 
26  Ulcers hot, cold, and biting. 
27  unguentum Album. 
Idem  Ulcer virulent, how it groweth. 
34  unguentum Basilicum. 
38    


W.  WHat is called Chirurgj. 
Fol. 5  What peril is in the application of a repercussive, although in some case, it is most best. 
11  What hurt ensueth of a repercussive sometime. 
13  What goodness cometh of a repercussive an other tyme. 
Idem  What harm ensueth of an evil Chirurgeon always. 
15  What the Chirurgeon must do. 
Idem  What wounds be mortal. 
18  Wounds in the Muscles. 
Idem  What the Chirurgeon must observe in his cure. 
19  Who so doth grant to one absurdity, many one will eftsoons follow the same. 
Idem  When to let blood on the contrary side of the body, and why. 
21  When the Chirurgeon is put to shame. 
22  What an vicer is. 
23  When to incarnate, & when to separate a soar, 
24  When to use contracts in healing. 
30  What thing doth annoy the brain most of all. 
39  When to let blood, ij. times in one place, & why. 
40  When to dry & when to moist a wound in the head. 
42  Work tenderly, in the wound of the head. 
43  Why men do piss blood. 
44  When the stone cometh of cold. 
Idem  Why corruption cometh from the Yard. 
Idem    
FINIS.  
¶ The end of the Dialogue, between the soar man, and the Chirurgeon, By William Bulleyn. March. 1572.   

The Book. of compounds.  Sickness. 
How make you Alypta Muschata?  Health. 
FIrst take the best Gum of Laudanum. ℥ iii of Storax or Styrax Calamita. ℥. ss. of lignum Aloes. ʒ. two. stacte or the fattest part of Myrrh. ℥ i of Amber. ʒ. i. Camphire. ℈. i.ss. of Musk. ℈. ss. of Rose water asmutch as you will, This doth help children which be short winded, and the straightness of the breast and womb, which cannot keep their Milk: of this we may make excellent perfumes, which noble men be accustomed to use, it is oftentimes mixed with electuaries.  Sickness. 
How make you your own antidotary which you use yourself?  Health. 
FIrst take of Myrrh. ℈ i of Opium, which is the juice of black Popie. ℈ xviij of Amomum, ℈, vi. of parsley. ℈ xu of smallage seed. 
The goodly virtues of Aslucritum.  ℈ xii of Squinantum. ℈ ix Cassiafistula. ℈ four white Pepper. ℈ four black Pepper. ℈ xu of the best Mustard. ℈ xii Storax. ℈ vi Siler Montan. ℈ four of the best Mithrydatum Andromachi. ℈ .v. of Honey clarified, as much as will suffice, and as you judge meet. The quantity which shall be received at one time of this is. ʒ. two. Take your Storax with Honey, sprynkell or cast the other on dry, seethe your Opium with sweet wine, sodden to the third part, until it be as thick as Honey. This, is good against a quarten Ague, long headache, the turning sickness, the falling evil, overmutch waking, scensines, the pain of the eyes, rheums, toothache, shortness of wind. sighing, old coughs from the Lungs: it causeth also the Spitell to be thicker. and apt to avoid, taken with Hydromell, which is made of Honey and water sodden together▪ and if a man do spit blood, than it must be taken with Acetum mulsum which is made of Uinegar and Honey, or else it aught to be received with Uinegar mixed with Water, or with. ʒ. two. of the juice of Knotgrass, or Plantain, howbeit you must add or diminish, according to the strength of the patient. It is also a present remedy for the stomach, for it consumeth superfluous humours, and causeth a good appetite. It cureth the Hikeope and stoppeth vomiting, it moveth a man to avoid wind, both from the liver, stomach, and lower parts. It helpeth pain of the Liver, the yellow jaundice, and all diseases of Melancholy, the grief and heaviness of the Spleen: it engendereth good colour, it purgeth downward phlegm and choler, it doth distribute meat digested in to his parts: it provoketh urine, and causeth the gravel in the reins and bladder to avoid, it cureth Illijca & collica passio: taken with drink it moveth a man to the stole, and cureth inflammations in short time: it doth mitigate the gnawing and pain in the belly: it doth heal and take away the overmutch stretching forth of the Matrice: when it cannot be easily taken in at the mouth, then let it be ministered with the juice of fenugreek at the fundament, and so it will take away the pain in all the lower parts: it doth cure all diseases of the matryce: it assuageth the pain of Women which labour of child: it cureth the Mother and drawing up of the Matryce and stretching of the same, it stoppeth unnatural Purgations, & purgeth corrupt & superfluous humours, it stoppeth Fluxes of blood from the Matryce▪ if it be taken alone or with old Wine: we may also use this in the gout of the feet, & in Arthritica passio, which is a weakness in all the joincts of superfluous humours, Spasinus called the cramp or contraction of sinews.  Sickness. 
FOr as much as you have showed me the virtue of sundry simples before, now would I gladly learn how to compound medicines of sundry kinds, to help me no to in the time of Sickness, and first what is Aromaticum Rosarum▪ and how should it be made?  Health. 
FIrst take clean read Roses. ℥ xu and the best Liqueris scraped. ʒ, seven. Lingnum Aloes, Sanders yellow. ana. ʒ. iij. cinnamon. ʒ. v. Macis, Cloves, ana. ʒ. ij.ss. Gum Traganthum. ʒ. ij. ℈ two Nutmegs, the great Cardamomum called the grain of Paradise, Galangall ana. ʒ. i. Spicknard, Amber grise. ℈ two Muscke. ℈ i & clean white Sugar, as much as will suffice, and so dissolve all together in the pure syrup of read Roses.  Sickness. 
What is this to my help being Sick?  Health. 

Gabrielis joannis Damascen. N●cholai Myrep. Leonardus Fuc. Decom-. Medican,  This healeth the weakness of the Stomach, and doth comfort all the principal parts of the body, and will cleanse corrupt humours, foul and gross matter remaining in the Breast, and Stomach: it also refresheth the Brain, and comforteth the heart, and causeth good Digestion, and drieth up superfluous moister in the guts. And even so reporteth Nicholaus Myrepsus, Gabriel, joannes Damascenus, and Leonardus Fuchsius, men learned and daily approved, to whom we must give credence as to most worthy Teachers.  Sickness. 
GOD is so just and merciful, that he will neither suffer any vice unpunished, or virtue unrewarded. Therefore these Men have received the fruits of their own Labours, being good instruments to comfort the troubled, & heal the sick that be afflicted with sundry infirmities. Where as an infinite number through the beastly abusing of themselves, be plagued with fond foolish delights, as inordinate riots, Banquets, surfeytes, acts Uenereons', Wrath, and other Passions which bring them all to my house, except Diet with his brother quiet, and merry man meet these Companions in the way, and turn them back again, into the pleasant Palace of you master Health, which in all points are contrary to me poor sickness, now subject to all miseries, as Fevers. etc. Yet of Charity show me some wholesome medicine for divers infyrmites'.  Health. 
I Shall show thee a very excellent medicine against sundry infirmities, which Leonardus Fuchsius in his compounding of medicines doth greatly commend, and it is thus made. Take of Asarabacca, Balm seed, Henbane seed, ana. ʒ. ii.ss. of Cloves, Myrrh. Cipres, Opium, ana. ʒ. two the juice of Balm, cinnamon, Folium Indicum, Setwall, ginger, cost, Coral, Cassiafistula, the Gum Tragagantum, Spike, wild Fenell, Frankincense, Euphorbe, Storax Calamita, Cardamomum, Siler Montane, Mustard, Saxifrage, Dill, Anisseede, ana. ʒ. two Lignum Aloes, Rhubarb, Rhaponticum, the confection called Alypta muschata, the Otters stones, Galanga, Opoponax, the fruit, Anacardin, Mastyck, Brimstone unsleked, Pionie, Seaholme, Roses, Time, Gladyan Peneryal, both round and long Aristologia, Gentian, the outward rind of Mandrager, Germander, Bayberies', yellow Carotes', Ualeryan roots, long Pepper, white Pepper▪ the wood of Balm called Xylobalsamum, Caraways, Amomum, Parselie, Lovage, Rew seed, ana. ʒ. ss. fine Gold, little Pearls, little Fishes called of the Apoticaryes Vnguis Odoratus, the bone in the heart of the read Dear, the shaving of ivory, Calamus Aromaticus, Pelletarye of Spain, ana G. xi. of Honey as much as you judge meet.  Sickness. 
And what is the virtue of this?  Health. 
IT helpeth rheums of the head, which come of cold, the moistness and running of the eyes, the tooth ache, and Head ache, if the forehead be therewith anointed: it doth also cure the falling evil, madness, turning sickness of the head, and to conclude, all manner of diseases, which be about the head, it healeth all those which be troubled with the cough, or have superfluity of humours in the breast, the gnawing and groping of the mouth of the stomach, which the Grecians call Dispepsia, and the Latins Appetitus prostratus, which is a corrupted appetite: it cureth spitting of blood, and the ache in the hip, or huckelbone coming of humours, it assuageth also the Collyke, and scoureth the reins, it provoketh a man to piss, and cureth the strangurian, breaketh the stone congealed, and taketh away all diseases in the belly: it cureth quotidian and tercian Agues, taken with the juice of Stichadoes, in the beginning of the fits.  Sickness. 
I Do heartily thank you. I pray God I may receive comfort by your wholesome composition, called Aurea Alexandrina. Now sir, for as much as I have read the bore names, both of simples and compounds, even as men passing through Cities, fyelds, woods and rivers, smally regarding their virtues, conditions or properties, even so have I done: but now if it shall please your Mastership▪ I would request that in short questions, you show me the Compounding of Aromaticum Garyophillatum.  Health. 
WHereunto are we Mortal wights borne, but one to help the other, the Po●re to the Rich the UUyse to learn the ignorant, the whole to comfort the sick? For we which now be in good health and feel no grief, once shall decay, and fall into your miserable estate, finishing our time in dolour, agony and pain. And thus I am persuaded, that our lives can not be prolonged one minute: for the almighty hath set our course and end, which we may not pass, no more than the Son, Moon, and the Stars can go out of their course and order, which they be placed in. But Medicine easeth maketh clean, and comforteth nature, taketh away pain but prolongeth no life, and thus our Divines say. But I being thy apothecary, neighbour sickness, dwelling near thy Door, will teach thee many goodly medicines: and now how thou shouldest make Aromaticum Gariophillatum. first take of Cloves. ʒ. seven Mace, Setwall, Galanga, yellow Saunders, Trochisdiarodonis, cinnamon, lignum Aloes, Spicknard, long Pepper, the great Cardomomum ana. ʒ. i, Roses. ʒ. iiii. grated Liquorice, Gallia muschata, Folium Indicum, Cubebes, ana. ℈ iii of Amber. ʒ. i. of Musk ℈. ss. of Syrup of Pomecitron, as much as you judge meet. This comforteth the stomach and the heart, stoppeth vomiting, it consumeth also the corrupt humours in the stomach, and doth nourish all the principal members, it causeth heat, and dissolveth wind.  Sickness. 
How make you Acatia?  Health. 
TAke the plant or branch of a Bullais or slow tree, with the fruit & lay it in a vessel certain hours, and so let it stand, then seethe it upon the fire, and strain forth the liquor, the which strained, seethe it on the fire again, until it be thick, and then keep it in fine vessels like shells and so dry it.  Sickness. 
How make you Amylum.  Health. 
TAke Wheat and beat it lightly, not to small, and put it into a vessel of glass, and cover it with water, so that the water be above it, two or three fingers▪ and so let it stand by the space of a Night: in the Morning press it down well, unto the substance, which Amylum is made or do descend to the bottom, afterward strain it with a Sieve, and cast away the Bran, which swimmeth on the Water above, let the residue, which shall make Amylum, stand till it go down to the bottom of the vessel, & the water swim above, then cast forth the Water softly, so that nothing remain, and dry it with a little Cotten: let this be done in Summer, and also Son dried lest it wax sour, and so corrupt. Cover the vessel with a fine cloth, that nothing fall in: If you will make this in Winter, than you must take great heed, that it be not sour ye must also provide, that it be soon dried, either in the Sun, or in the wind, or in the fire, and thus you may make Amylum of Rice.  Sickness. 
How make you Aqua odorifera,  Health. 
TAke of Rose water. l i iiii. Storax Calamita, Beniamen, Cloves ana. ʒ. i. of Musk, Civet, Amber Grece, ana. G. xx, of Camphire. ʒ. two. some put unto this, ʒ. i. of Lignum Aloes: let them be put into a vessel of Glass, covered with a cover, having holes in it, then let them boil in a vessel full of water, as it is in Balneo Marie, which is a Glass or vessel set within an other greater on the fire: this done strain them with a fine linen cloth, and so to be reserved in a vessel in the Sun, by the space of xu days, & then it will prove an odoriferous water most pleasant.  Sickness. 
How make you Benedicta Laxativa?  Health. 
FIrst take of the best Turbith, Sugar, ana. ʒ. x. Diagridion. ʒ. v. wild Lilies, Roses, ana. ʒ. v. Cloves, Spicknard, Ginger, Saffron, Saxifrage, long Pepper, Amomum, Cardamomum, smallage seed, Salgem, Galanga, Mace, Carowais, Fenell, spinach, Kneeholme, or Butchers Brome, Gromell seed, ana ʒ. i. of Honey asmutch as will suffice. This doth cure the weakness of the joints, and the cold gout in the feet, it doth also purge the reins and the bladder.  Sickness. 
How make you Balsamum artyfyciall?  Health. 
FIrst take Terebyntyne. ℥ twelve Gum Elemi. ℥ .v. of Rosen. ℥ iii let them be melted together, and when they be melted▪ mingle these powders, following, of Arystolochia longa ʒ. two. of Dragon's blood. ʒ. iii. make these in great pieces. This medicine doth heal both new and old Wounds, and chiefly those that be about the head  Sickness. 
How make you Confectio Dulcis de musco?  Health. 
FIrst take of Safron▪ the sweet root Doronicke, Setwall, Lignum Aloes, Mace ana. ʒ. two. white Pearls, silk in powder, Amber, read Coral, ana. ʒ. ii.ss the confection, called Gallia Muschata, Spycknarde, Folium Indicum, Cloves, ana. ʒ. i. ginger, Cubebes, long Pepper, ana. ʒ. i.ss. Musk. ʒ. i. ℈, two. make this with Honey not clarified, the fowerth part of the weight of all the other. This doth cure the trembling of the heart, and all diseases of the Melancholy, and those men, which be heavy without a cause: it remedyeth also the diseases about the brain, as the turning sickness, and falling evil, the writhing or pulling of the neck, or the mouth on the one side, and all diseases of the lungs, and shortness of wind.  Sickness. 
How make you Confectio Hamech.  Health. 
first take the four kinds of Mirobalans. ℥ four Rhubarb. ℥ ii Agarike Coloquintida, Polipodie of the Oak ana. ʒ. xviii. wormwood, Time,, Seine, ana. ℥ i, Violets. ʒ. xv. the flower of harder Time. ℥ two. Anisseede, Roses, Fenell, ana. ʒ. vi. the juice of Fumitarie. l i.i. Prunes in number lx of raises of Coraynes the stones taken out. ℥ vi power all these into a vessel of Glass, which hath a straight mouth, and stop the Mouth by the space of .v. days afterward let them boil once, then strain them, and dissolve into the straining of Cassiafistula ℥ iii of the fruit of the wild Date tree, called Thamarinde. ℥ .v. of Manna or sweet dew. ʒ. two. break them with your hand, and strain them. Then cast on Sugar l i i of Scammont. ℥ i ss. seethe them until they shallbe as thick as Honey, then cast upon them the powder of all the five kinds of Mirobolans, rhubarb, Fumiterie seed ana. ʒ. iii. Anisseede, Spicknard ana. ʒ i This cureth all diseases which come of phlegm and choler, but chief the ryngworme, scabs, keeper, cankers & such others.  Sickness. 
How make you Cerotum Stomachale?  Health. 
FIrst take of read Roses. ʒ. xx. of Wormwood leaves. ʒ. xv. of Mastycke. ʒ. xx. Spicknard. ʒ. x. beat them small, then take of virgin wax. ℥ four Oil of Roses. l i.i.ss. make your confection. There be some which do wash the oil and the wax, and then resolve them with a gentle lyre, and afterward mingle them with the other, and so it is judged better. This doth mitigate inflammations, and hot apostumes, which be in the stomach and liver.  Sickness. 
How make you a confection for the eyes?  Health. 
FIrst take of white Lead washed. ʒ. x of Amyle. ʒ. iiii. of Gum Arabike, and Tragantum ana. ʒ. two of Camphire. ʒ. ss. make these into powder, and dissolve them in Rose water, afterward make thereof little balls.  Sickness. 
How make you conserve of bugloss?  Health. 
FIrst take of the leaves of bugloss l i iii. beat them in a Mortar of stone, and then cast upon them l.iii.l.iii. of Sugar, make your conserve like Opiatum, which is a thin Electuary. This comforteth the stomach, and healeth diseases which come of Melancholy, ●he swooning and trembling of the heart▪ it purgeth also Choler.  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Rosemary.  Health. 
FIrst take of the flowers of Rosemary. l i ss. of Sugar, ●'i. i ss. make your conserve. This doth comfort a moist brain. and mollify hard and stiff members, it also purgeth Melancholy and phlegm.  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Borage or bugloss?  Health 
FIrst take of the flowers of Borage. ℥ four Sugar. ℥ xii make your conserve, according to the art. This doth remedy the trembling of the heart and swooning, it also purgeth Melancholy, and causeth a man to be merry.  Sickness. 
How make you conserve of Roses?  Health. 
FIrst take of Rose leaves. l i.i. beat them in a stone mortar, and cast upon them of Sugar, l i, iij. make your conserve after the fashion of Opiata. This doth comfort the stomach, heart and all the principal parts, it mollifyeth also those parts, which be hard. & purgeth Melancholy.  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Violets?  Health. 
FIrst take the flowers of Violets. l i.i. beat them in a Mortar of stone, and cast upon them. l i.i. o●. Sugar, make your conserve accordingly. This doth cure inflammations of Choler, quench the thirst, & moveth a man to the stool,  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Maiden hair?  Health. 
FIrst take of Maiden hair▪ l i. beat them and put Sugar unto them. as in the other. This helpeth the Pleurisy, diseases of Melancholy, and read Choler, and the Spleen or milt.  Sickness 
How make you a conserve of Gladian?  Health. 
FIrst take of the roots of Gladian. l i seethe them in water, until they be well sodden, afterward dry them, and searce them through a Sieve, than set them on the fire again, and put, l i iii. of Sugar unto them, make this conserve like to the Electuary Opiata. This remedieth diseases of the brain and sinews, with all such as come of phlegm.  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Enula campana?  Health. 
TAke of the root of Enula campana. l i two seethe it well, afterward dry it, then searce it through a Sieve, and then set it on the fire again, and put. l i vi. of Sugar unto it. This doth comfort the stomach, and principal parts against phlegm, and helpeth the heart.  Sickness. 
How make you a conserve of Cychory, or Succhory.  Health. 
FIrst take the Succhory flowers. l i i· beaten them in a mortar of stone, and cast upon them. l i iii. of Sugar. This purgeth Melancholy and Choler.  Sickness. 
How make you conserve of Sorrel?  Health. 
FIrst take the leaves of Sorrel. l i ss. beaten them as you did the other, cast upon them of Sugar. l i ss. This helpeth Choleric persons.  Sickness. 
How make you Conditum Cotoneorum  Health. 
TAke as many Quinces as you judge convenient, and seethe them, and take of the decoction of them. l i iii. of Sugar. l i.j. seethe them well, and reserve them, some apothecaries put in the whites of Eggs when they be clarified. I will also teach thee an other way to make this confection. Take of the seed or kernels of Quinces. ℥ four temper them by the space of half a day, with. l i iii. of the juice of Quinces, then boil them a little. and strain them, and cast upon them. l i two. of Sugar, afterward seethe them well, and keep them in boxes.  
I will also teach thee an other way to make an other confection of the same. Take of Quinces. l.vi. when they be sodden, put unto them l.iii.l.iii. of Sugar, and seethe them well, as thou didst before, keep them in little boxes,  Sickness. 
How make you Diagalanga?  Health. 
FIrst take of Galanga, lignum Aloes, ana. ʒ. uj. of Cloves, Mace, Lovage, ana ʒ. iii, Ginger, long Pepper, cinnamon, white Pepper. ʒ. i.ss. of calamint, Mints dried ana, ʒ. i. of the lesser Cardamomum, Spycknard, Lovage seed, Fenell seed, Anisseede Carowayes ana, ℥ ten of Calamus Aromaticus. ʒ, i. of the best Sugar. ℥ x ss. of Honey clarified, asmutch as will suffice. This doth cure the diseases that come of wind, and belching which seemeth sharp in the mouth like Vinegar: it is proved to 'cause good digestion, and fortefieth the weakness of the stomach and liver being cold.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacyminum Nicholaj?  Health 
TAke of Cummin laid in Vinegar, by the space of a day, and afterward dried. ʒ. viii. ℈ i of cinnamon, Cloves ana. ʒ. ii.ss. black Pepper, Ginger ana. ʒ. two. G. v. of Galanga, savoury, Calamint ana. ʒ. i. ℈ two. Charuil seed, Lovage, ana. ʒ. i. G. xiii. long Pepper ʒ. i. Spicknard, Cardamomum, Nutmegs, ana, ℈. ii.ss. of Honey asmutch as you judge convenient. This helpeth the stomach and principal parts, which be troubled with wind: it causeth good digestion, & bringeth heat to the stomach, and other principal parts that be cold.  Sickness. 
How make you Diambra Mesue?  Health. 
TAke of Cinnamon, Doronicke, Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Leaves of Galanga and Spicknard. ʒ. iii. the great and lesser Cardamomum, ana. ʒ. i. of Ginger, Saunders, lignum Aloes, long Pepper ana ʒ. two. of Amber. ʒ, i. of Musk. ʒ. ss make it with the best Sugar, and the water of Roses. This comforteth the brain, heart, stomach. and all the principal members, it causeth good digestion. and maketh a man merry, and engendereth heat in the principal parts, it is very comfortable to old Men, and those which be cold of nature and complexion, to women also, and cureth the diseases of the matrice.  Sickness. 
How make you Diamargaritum calidum?  Health. 
TAke of Cloves, Cinnamon, Spicknarde, lignum Aloes, Galanga, Liquorice, Trochisci Diarodonis, and little balls of Violets' ana. ʒ. i.ss. Nutmegs, Mace, the confection of Musk, Setwall, rhubarb, Storax Calamita ana. ʒ. i. Pearls, Ginger, the bone in the heart of the read Dear, the shaving of ivory, juncus odoratus. ʒ.ss. Musk, Amber, Cardamom, Lovage, Basell seed ana. ℈ i G. two. of Camphire G. vi. of Mel Rosatum, asmutch as will suffice. This doth cure the weakness of all the body, swooning, and fainting, both of the stomach, and also of the heart, and comforteth the lively parts, and those that be pensive and sad without a cause, it cureth the cough and consumption, it doth also recover those which be weak with long diseases.  Sickness. 
How make you Diamargaritum frigidum.  Health. 
TAke the iii kinds of Saunders, the flowers of Roses, and Violets, the seeds of Melons, Trochisci Diarodon raw Silk, made in powder, ana. ʒ. two. the bone in the heart of the read Dear, Spodium, Doronike, the root both of read and white Behen, Spicknarde, Saffron, ana. ℈ ii shauynges of ivory, flower gentle, sapphire, jacinte, emerald, Sorrel, and Endive seed, Lignum Aloes, grey Amber, ana. ʒ. ss. of fine Gold. ʒ. i. Camphire. ℈ i of Musk. G two. mix them and make thereof a powder, putting in pearls. ℈ i and Corrals read and white, ana. ℈ i▪ ss. and white Sugar.  Sickness. 
How make you Diathameron of Dates?  Health. 
TAke of Cloves, Ginger, ana. ʒ. v. G. xuj. of cinnamon. ℥ iii of the Substance of Dates, Galanga, Spicknard, Setwall, Cost, Pellitarye of Spain, white and read Coral, Rhaponticum, Spyke, the fruit Anacardium, Date stones, Balm seed, Anis seed, juniper Seed, ana. ʒ. i. ℈ ii of fine Gold, the bone of the heart of the read Dear, ana. ℈. ii.ss. of the shavyngs of ivory, of Musk, ana. ℈ ii of Amber. ℈ i of honey Roset asmutch as you judge best: but few Apotycaries do make this, for it is not greatly used, yet some do occupy it very much. This will recover a man from dagger of death unto Life. It also helpeth those that be short winded or have any disease in the wind pipe, or have the cough, or be in a consumption: it cureth also all diseases of the breast and stomach, the dropsy and pain in the reins, it bringeth Mirth, it maketh a man lusty and fat.  Sickness. 
How make you Diarhodon Abbatis?  Health. 
TAke of white and read Saunders, an. ʒ. two ss, of Gum Arabike and Tragantum, Spody. ana. ℈ ii Asarabacca Mastic, Anisseede, Fenel, Cinnamon, rhubarb. Basill seed. Berberyes. wild Succhorye seed, Porselyne seed, white Popy seed seeds of Gourds. Cucumbers, Melons, Citrons, ana. ℈. ss. Sugar Candie. Roses, ana. ℥. i.ʒ.iii. of Camphire. G. seven. of Musk. ʒ. i. make this with the syrup of Rose water. This hlpeth the yellow jandice, weakness of the liver, consumptions, diseases about the heart, and those which be troubled with the heat about the stomach, lungs or the whole body, and also those which be recovered from long and little agues.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacalamintha.  Health. 
FIrst take Calamynfs, penerial, Hyssop, black Pepper, Siler Montan, Percellye, ana. ʒ. two. ℈ ii of Lovage. ʒ. i. ℈ i of smallage, Amynthine, Dill, Anysseede, cinnamon, ginger ana. ℈ ii of Honey asmutch as will suffice. This cureth diseases of the stomach which come of cold, causeth digestion, and chifly in old men, it taketh away the cough, which doth come of a cold cause.  Sickness. 
How make you Diatrion Pipereon?  Health. 
TAke of the peppers. ʒ. vii.ss. ginger, Time, Anisseede, Spicknard, ana. ʒ. iii. Amomum, Cinnamon, ana. aure. Cassiafistula, siler Montan, Enula Campana dried, ana. aure. ss. make it with Honey clarified. This doth engender heat in the stomach and belly, it removeth all pains of flumatike causes, it purgeth the stomach of raw humours, and helpeth digestion.  Sickness. 
How make you Diaireos.  Health. 
TAke of Flowerdelice. ℥ i Sugar Candie, Tragantum: ana. ℥ iii mingle them and so make them in powder.  Sickness. 
How make you Diairis Salamonis.  Health. 
TAke of Flowerdelyce ℥ i Peneryall, Hisope, Liquorice, ana. ℥ vi the Gum Tragantum, Almonds, Pineaples, Cinnamon, ginger, Pepper, ana. ʒ. iii. Figs, Dates, Reasons of Corans picked, ana. ʒ. iii.ss. of read Storax. ʒ. iii. of Honey asmutch as will suffice. This is ministered against the Cough, shortness of wind, and also restoreth the speech lost.  Sickness. 
How make you Diatragacanthum calidum?  Health. 
TAke of Gum Tragantum Hisope, ana. ʒ. iii. Pineaples both kinds of Almonds blanched, linseed. ana. ℥ vi seed of fenugreek, Cinnamon, ana. ʒ. ss. Liquoryce, ginger, ana. ʒ. two. make a powder of these. This is good against the hardness and straightness of the breast which cometh of a gross and cold cause.  Sickness. 
How make you Diatrangacantha Frigida?  Health. 
TAke of white Tragantum. ℥ ii Gum Arabike. ℥. ii.ʒ.ii. of Amilium ℥. ss. of Liquorice. ʒ two. of Penedies. ℥ iii the four greater cold Seeds, pared and picked, ana. ʒ. two of Camphor, ℈▪ ss. of the syrup of Uyolets, as much as will suffice. This doth cure all diseases about the lungs, breast, and those which be in a consumption, & evil liking: the Pleurisy, Cough, & those which be hot & dry: the, roughness of the tongue, & the weasand, let the patient hold it in his mouth, and swallow it down, when it is melted.  Sickness. 
How make you Diamoron.  Health. 
TAke of the juice of Mulberries. l j ss. the juice of black berries & straberyes. l j honey. l j ss. sweet wine sodden to the third part. ℥ iij. make it after this form. Take your juice, let it boil with your Honey & sweet wine upon a soft fire in a vessel of glass or tin, until it be well sodden, and to know when it is well sodden you must take a drop of it, and lay it upon a Marble stone, and if it will abide upon the stone, and cleave like thick Honey, the stone being turned on the one side, than it is well sodden, and this done strain it and keep it in a vessel of Tin. This is very good against sores in the throat, and all kinds of strangling, and pains in the mouth, togargaryse therewith.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacodium.  Health. 
TAke ten heads of ripe black poppy of a mean bygnes, cast upon them, l i.ii.ss. of rain Water, and if they be more moist than dry than let them lie in the Water a Day and a Night, but if they be drier let them lie longer: after this seethe them until two parts of the Water be consumed, then strain them, then put in sweet Wine. ℥ iii good honey. ℥ i than seethe it again, and put in Acatia, Hypocistis▪ Saffron Myrrh, and the flowers of Pomgarnets', ana. ʒ. iii. and seethe it again: this helpeth Catarrhs, pains in the lungs, and causeth sleep.  Sickness. 
How make you Diaprassium?  Health. 
TAke of green Horehound. ʒ. u.ss. Tragantum, Pine apples, sweet Almonds, of a kind of Nuts called Pistici, the substance of Dates, Figs, Raisens' of Corans, the stones taken out, ana. ʒ. iii.ss. cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Galinga, lignum Aloes, Spicknard, ginger Setwall, Liquerice, Rhaphontike, Anacardin, storax Calamita, Galbanum, Turpentine washed, mastic, Myrrh, Flowerdelice, Aristolochia Rotunda, the root of Cypress, Black Pepper, Anisseede, Fenell, Dyll, smallage seed, Parslie, Saxifrage, ana. ʒ two. wild Lilies, Organ, Wormwood, Squinantum, Cardimomum, white Pepper, Carowayes, Lovage, daisy, ana. ʒ. ii.ss. Peletorie of Spain, water Mints, penerial, Dittan, cost, savoury, Basill, Pionie, long Pepper, Amomum, Orobus ana▪ ʒ. i. ℈ iii the wood of Balm, Cassiafistula, Coral▪ shaving of ivory. Balm seed, yellow carets, ana. ℥. ss. Musk, Amber, the bone in the heart of the read Dear, ana. G. xiiii. of honey clarified as much as you judge sufficient, make it after this sort following: put into it. l i iii. of Honey, and of green Whorehound Betony, and young Pine Apples pared, ana. ʒ. v. put also unto them ʒ. iii. of the best old wine, and let them boil together with a soft fire until the wine be consumed, let your figs be made clean with in and without, dress likewise your Dates, and let your Reasyngs be picked, & then dress also your Pine Apples, Almonds, and the Nuts Pistaci, dry every one of them by themselves, afterward beaten them in a Mortar. and put unto them Turpentyne washed, after this beat all again and let them be tempered with the same Honey in the Mortar where they were before, and mingle them with the spices which we have spoken of before. This doth cure the weakness of the stomach, chiefly rheums, and the brain which is cold, the. turning Sickness, the eye sight, the Wind pipe troubled▪ with gross phlegm, it doth also mitigate the tooth ache. The juice, is ministered in all fluxes, and chief in the bloody Flux, with the decoction of rain water, in the which Spodie was sodden, or with Rose water, it stoppeth also the Flux of meat undigested. which the Physicians call Lienteria.  Sickness. 
How make you Dipapaver.  Health. 
FIrst take of white Popie. ʒ. xxv. sweet Almonds blanched, kernels of Pineapple, Gum Arabike and Tragantum, the juice of Liquerice ana. ʒ. x. of Amilium. ʒ iiii. of Purslen Seed, and Lettuce seed, kernels of Quinches, ana. ʒ. iii. of Saffron. ʒ. i. of Penedies. ℥ four take of the syrup of poppy asmutch as will suffice. This helpeth those which be in a consumption, and those which can not sleep.  Sickness 
How make you Diacurcuma?  Health. 
TAke of Tragacanth, Saffron, of Azarabacca, persley, yellow Carrots, Anisseede, smallage sede, ana. ʒ. iiii. Rhubarb, wild Fenel, Spicknarde. ana. ʒ. vi. Cost, Myrtle berries, Casiafistula, Squynantum, Balm seed. Mader, the juice of wormwood, Egrimony, & Balm. ana, ʒ. two. Calamus. Aromaticus, Cinnamon, ana. ʒ. i.ss. wild Garlic, Ceterach, the juice of Liquerice. ʒ. ii.ss. the gum Tragantum. ʒ. i. make it with clarified honey. This cureth old diseases, and the evil liking and deformity, of the body: when the meat being received, doth not nowrysh that is corrupt in the body: it also healeth the dropsy, and diseases of the liver and the Spleen when they be hard or indurate, it purgeth the stomach of corrupt humours, cold and windy, it mitigateth pain in the reins and bladder, and provoketh urine.  Sickness. 
How make you Diasatyrion?  Health. 
TAke of the roots of Satyrion which be like stones, the ga●●den Parsnyp, the Nuts called Pistaci, Pineaple sede, Cloves ana. ʒ. xii. Ginger, Anisseede, Rocket, Birds tongue, 
The two stones of Satyryon or Orches, the one will fleet, and tother sink in water.  or Stichwort, ʒ, v. cinnamon, clove Garlic. ʒ two. ss. of Musk, G. seven. make it after this form, put the roots. of Satyrion in so much clarified Honey as will suffice, let also the Parsenipes and Pineaple seed be well beaten by themselves, and then put them into the same Honey, and stirring them well, suffer them to seethe a certain space, then mingle with them your Pineapels and the Nuts Pistaci well stamped, and when they have boiled a little while, take them from the fire, and put unto them, the powder of the spices and at the last put in your Musk with rose-water. This doth restore and fortify the weakness of the reins, & of the bladder, it provoketh urine, and moveth a man to have great devotion to pray in Venus' temple, or to be venerous.  Sickness. 
How make you Diaprunum solutiwm  Health. 
FIrst take a hundred Damsones, and put them in a Tin vessel with so much water, that they may be well covered, and let them boil well till they be soft, afterward take them from the fire, & when your water is so cold, that it is but Luke warm, then take them forth, and put them into a siue, over a great vessel, and chafe your Prunes so long with your hands, that nothing remain but stones, and skins. Then put into the water, in which the Damsons were sodden in before .. ℥. i.ss. of Violets and boil them, and make a syrup, with li. two. of Sugar, into the which syrup put the substance of the Prunes, let them seethe, till they be thick, and then put into the same water. ℥ i of Casiafistula washed, put thereto also. ℥ i of the fruit tamarinds, dissolved and strained into the same water, remember also that ye boil in the same of Prunes ℥ i of Uyolettes, seethe them well, stirring them continually, and when they be sodden, take them from the fire, & sprynckle thereon these ponders, following. Saunders, Spody, Rhubarb, Roses, Violets, Purslain seed, Succory sede Barberries, the juice of Liquerice, the Gum Tragagantum, ana ʒ. iii. of the four greater cold seeds, ana ʒ. i. if ye will make it laxative, put unto every pound, when it is taken from the fire ʒ. ss. of Scammonye, Diaprunes not losing this, is ministered in hot and burning agues, and chief in Synocha, which is a continual Fever of abundance of blood: in this ague it may safely be ministered in the beginning, increase, and at all times: & wi●h out Diagridion, it may be given at all hours of the day, and with Diagridion but in the morning, and that circumspectly, because it is very laxative.  Sickness. 
How make you Diaphoenicon?  Health. 
TAke of Dates infused with vinegar three days and three nights ℥. vi.ʒ.i. of Penedies which be little wreaths of Sugar, dissolved in the decoction of Barley ℥. iii.ʒ.i. of blanched Almonds. ʒ. xv. of Turbyth ℥ ii ss. of Scammony, ʒ. vi. Ginger, long Pepper the flowers of dry Rue, Cinamome. Mace, lignum Aloes, Anisseede, Fennelseede, yellow Carottes. Galinga, ana, ʒ. two▪ beat them well and make them with clarified honey. This doth cure mixed Agues of divers humours, the Colic and pain in the belly, it purgeth all raw humours of cold.  Sickness 
How make you Diacarthamum?  Health. 
TAke the root of Tragantum. ℥. ss. the substance of Quinces. ʒ i thickest chives of Saffron, ℥ iiii of white ginger. ʒ. two. Diagridion. ʒ. iii. white Turbith ʒ. vi. Manna, or sweet dew, Mel Rosatum strained. ℥, i of Sugar, ʒ. viii. wild Lilies. ʒ. iiii. make an Electuary, putting unto it as much Honey as will suffice. This purgeth choler and phlegm.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacorallium magistral.  Health 
first take of the spices of the confection Dyarodon Abbatis which I did speak of before. ʒ iiii. of both corals, little pieces of Pearls, ana. ʒ. ss. beat them to fine powder, and put unto them of Sugar resolved in the Water of Roses ℥. viii.ss. make them into small pieces. This doth comfort the heart and stomach, and chief those which have been long sick of cold.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacasiafistula pro aenematibus, or Clysters?  Health. 
FIrst take of Flowers of Violets, the leaves of Malowes, Marcury & Parietary, ana· M.i. of wormwood, M. ss. take all these green, & young make a decoction of these in a sufficient quantity of water: then strain them, and pressing them with your hands into this strainer, you must dissolve a li. of Casiafistula &▪ li. i of the best Honey or sugar, This purgeth and moveth a man to the stole, it is very expedient for tender and delicate persons, because it is gentle in operation.  Sickness. 
How make you Diasene?  Health. 
TAke of lignum Aloes, Cloves, Galinga, Nutmegs Folium judicum, Mace Cinamome ana. ʒ. two. the stone Lazuli. ʒ. i. of Seine, twice as much as of all the other, of Saffron. ʒ. i. of the shaving of ivory, Spodie, Anacardin, the bone in the heart of the read Dear, little fishes called Unguis odoratus, ana. ʒ. two. wild Lilies ℥ i, Berries of Myrtes, Gentian, Bayberies', Eleborus niger, or Berefoote ana. ʒ. two. walnuts made in powder, in number xv. of Amber ℈ ii of Honey as much as will suffice. This is good to heal the Leprye some Physicians mingle with these, serpent's flesh, This doth remedy all diseases of Melancholy & madness, the gnawing and grypnyg about the mouth of the stomach called Cardiaca passio, it taketh away heaviness, quarten Agues, and diseases of the spleen.  Sickness. 
How make you Decoctio pectoralis  Health. 
FIrst take of dry Hyssop, Maydenhere, Figs, Sebesten, Raysens, of Corantes, barley, Liquorice, ana, equal parts, boil these together in a sufficient quantity of water, then strain them, and so reserve them This assuageth all pain about the breast, it cureth also the cough & hoarseness, and if Aster be put in, it helpeth the rheum.  Sickness. 
How make you Decoctio communis?  Health. 
FIrst take of Prunes, wild Dates, Raisins or Corans, Violets, Lyquorice Barley ana, equal parts, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, then strain them,, and keep them. This decoction is much used in hot Agues, and other hot diseases, and when the year is hot to temper medicines withal, which be received in such hot Agues, at all times. This decoction is changed, according to the diversity of diseases, because some be hotter than other.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium Catholicum?  Health. 
FIrst take Seine & Casiafystula new drawn, tamarinds, ana. ℥ vii, rhubarb, Violets, Polipodie, Anisseede. ana. ℥ four the four greater cold seeds, ana. ℥ i take li. i, of polypody, and beat it, and seethe it well in water, and strain it▪ then make a syrup with the best sugar, temper your Casiafystula and your tamarinds together, and when the decoction is almost made, put them into it with the other spices, and so make the electuary. This is ministered in hot and burning Agues because it doth mollify, disperse, and comfort, it doth also cure diseases of the liver, and of the Spleen.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium Rosatum?  Health. 
TAke of Sugar, the juice of Roses, ana. li. i. ss, of the three Saunders, ana. ʒ. vi of Spodye ʒ, iii of Diagridion ʒ. xii. of Champhire ℈ i temper it after the form of an Electuary. with a syrup made of the same sugar, and Roses. This doth purge Choler easily, and healeth hot diseases in the joints, the head ach, the pain of the eyes, turning sickness, and it hath been proved against the yellow jaundice.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium de psyllio?  Health. 
TAke of the juice of bugloss, both hard and the wild, the juices of Endive and Smallage, sodden altogether and syned, ana. li. two. Anisseede, Seine, ana. ℥. ss. of Maydenhayre. M.i. the juice of Fumitery ℥ iii, of Asarabacca. ℥ iii Spicknard ℥ ii let them lie a day and a night, then set them on the fire, and suffer them to boil once, then cast upon them ℥ iii of Violets, of the harder tyme. ʒ. two. boil them once again, but with a soft fire, then strain them▪ and when they be strained, put unto them ℥ iii of Fleaworte and let them all stand a day and a night, but stir them continually, this done, press forth the slimy sap of them, & take li iiii, of it, & put unto it. li. ss. of fine Sugar of Scammonye, roasted in an apple. ℥ four after this set it on the fire again, and seethe it a little, and then put into it of Trochisces, Dyarodon, Trochisces of Spodye, and Trochisces Rubarbary ana. ℥ i little Balls of Barbaryes ℥, ss. then make your Asarabacca into a gross powder, that it may be the more laxative, you may put also to these confections, green Uyolettes, and dry Damasens. This purgeth yellow Choler. and healeth the turning sickness of the head, which cometh of a choleric humour.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium Indu maius  Health. 
TAke cinnamon, Cloves▪ Spicknard, Roses, Casiafistula, Mace, Cypress. ana ʒ. iiii, yellow Saunders, ʒ two. ss. lignum Aloes, Nutmegs ana. ʒ two. Turbith. ʒ. i, of Sugar Penidies an. ʒ xx. Galinga. Cardamomum Asarabacca, Mastic ana. ʒ. i.ss. of Scammony ʒ xii Beaten these altogether with the Oil of Almonds, then take of the juice of Quinces, Pomgranetes, the juice of Smallage, Fenel. ana li. ss. seethe these juices with clarified Honey, until they be thick, and then make the Electuary with the other spices. This purgeth superfluous humours, and chief, Phlegmatic and corrupt humours in the stomach, and in the other principal parts: it dissolveth wind, and cureth those diseases which come thereof, as the pain of the stomach, and the inward parts, the Collik and pain in the reins: it doth also consume corrupt humours in the joints.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium stomachi, to comfort the breast.  Health. 
TAke the Berries of Mirtes finely beaten. ʒ. xii. of Roses, Spodie Manna, which is the Flower of Frankincense, of the three peppers of yellow Saunders, the flowers of the wild Pomgarnets', gum Arabyke, ana ʒ. i.ss. the kyrnels of the Pomgarnets', made in powder. ʒ seven. of Coryander steeped in Vinegar, and made in powder. ʒ. iii. sorrel, and Playntayn seed, of Roses, ana ʒ. two. break them all well, and rub them with your hands, than put them into sorrel water, and so make your Electuary. This comforteth the stomach and the inward parts: it stoppeth a Lask, e which cometh of to strong a purgation, and moveth a man to meat.  Sickness. 
How make you Electuarium de Gemmis?  Health. 
TAke of white Pearls. ʒ. two. little pieces of Sapphire, jacint, Corneline, emeralds, Graneties. ana. ℥ i: ss. Setwal▪ the sweet root Doronike, the rind of Pomecitron, Mace, Basel seed, ana. ʒ. two. red Coral, Amber, shaving of ivory. ana. ʒ two. roots both of the white and read Behen, Ginger long Pepper, Spicknard, Fol●um Indicum, Saffron, Cardamom, ana. ʒ. i. of Trochisci Diarodon, lignum Aloes, ana ʒ. v. cinnamon, Galinga, zurubeth, which is a kind of Setwal. ana ʒ. i ss, thin pieces of Gold and silver, ana. aure ss. of Musk. ʒ. ss. make your Electuary with honey Emblici, which is the fourth kind of the Mirobalans with Roses, strained in equal parts as much as will suffice. This healeth cold diseases of the Brain, Harte, Stomach, and the Matrice, it is a medicine proved against the trembling of the Heart, fainting and Souninge, the weakness of the stomach, pensiveness, solitariness, kings and noble men have used this for their comfort, it causeth them to be bold spirited, the body to smell well, & engendereth to the face good colour.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum diachylon album?  Health 
TAke of fenugreek, linseed, the root of Holioke, press out all these the slimy sape, and take of it one part, and of lethargy well beaten, and cleansed from dross, one part. ss. of old and clear Oil three parts, beat the lethargy and the Oil long in a mortar of stone with an iron pestle. Then boil them on the fire softly, stirring them until the lethargy run together, then take it from the fire, and suffer it to cool, after this take the slimy sape, and boil it once. Then cast by little and little, the slimy sape of the herbs upon the lethargy, and the Oil, beating them with a pestle, till it be thick: Ye may put unto this emplaster, the fine powder of Flowerdelice, and you may use for your common Oil, which is salad Oil, the Oil of Flowerdelice, some mingle with this the slimy sap of Melilote. This emplasster is very good against impostumes and hardness of the liver and spleen, or stomach, swelling about the throat, and all hardness of every place.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum diachylon magnum?  Health. 
TAke of lethargy broken and sifted. ℥ xii Oils of Flowerdelice, Camomile, Dyll. ana. ℥ viii of the slimy sape of Lynseede, Fenegreke, Holyoke roots, figs, Reasons of Corans, and of the fat in, the belly, of the Seel syshe, the juice of Flowerdelice, Squilla, & of Hyssop. ana. ʒ. xii.ss. of Turpentyne. ℥ iii the gum of the Pyneaple tree, yellow Wax. ana. ℥ ii make it after this fashion: Beat the lethargy and the Oils which we did speak of before in a Mortar of stone, with a Leaden pestle, by the space of half an hour, then let it boil upon a soft fire, stirring it continually till it be thick, then take it from the fire and suffer it to cool, afterward take the slimy sape with the other, and boil them until they be hard, then take it of, and lay it upon a Marbel stone, and make it in great pieces. This emplaster is stronger in operation, & better to ripe, and to resolve all hardness and inflammations, and is daily used of good Chirurgeons, for the excellent virtue thereof.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de Musilaginibus?  Health. 
TAke you the slimy sape of Holyoke seed, of linseed, of the inner rind of the Elm tree, of fenugreek ana. ℥. iiii.ss. of the Oil of Camomile of Lilies, and of Dill. ana. ℥. i.ss. of Amoniacum, Galbanum, Opoponax, Serapinum. ana. ℥. ss. of new wax. ℥ twenty of Saffron. ʒ. two. Turpentyne. ℥ ii make it in an emplaster accordingly. This emplaster doth mollify all hardness of apostumations.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum ad stomacum▪  Health. 
TAke of lignum Aloes,, Wormwood, gum, Arabyke, mastic, Cipers, cost, Ginger. ana. ℥. ss. Calamus Aromaticus, of the finest, Frankincense, Aloes, ana. ℥. iii.ʒ.iii. Cloves, Mace, Cynamum, Spicknard, Nutmegs. the confection called Gallia Muschata, Squinantum▪ ana, ʒ. i.ss. mingle all these together, with the confection called Mina Aromatica which is made of Quinces, Pears, and such other binding things, lay all upon a cloth, and perfume them with a wood of Aloes. This emplaster doth comfort the stomach and Liver, it increaseth also heat in them and maketh digestion perfect.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de granis lauri?  Health. 
TAke of fine Frankincense, mastic, Myrrh▪ ana. ℥ l of Baiberries. ʒ. two of Cipers, Coste· ana. ℥. ss. clarified honey, as much as will suffice to make it, then spread it upon a cloth, and so lay it to the soar. This is a very excellent plaster against the Dropsy, and will assuage all swellings of Wind, if you triple the quantity of Cipers, and put unto the plaster a little quantity of cows Dung, or Goattes dries: it doth also assuage all griefs, which come of cold wind, and chief the pain of the stomach, belly, reins, matrice, and bladder.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de Melilote?  Health. 
TAke Melilote, and fenugreek. ana. ℥ vi the flowers of Camomile, Baiberies', the root of Holioke, Wormwood. ana. ℥ iii Smallagesede, wild Carrowaies, Flowerdelice, Cipers, Spicknarde, Casiafistula, Anisseede ℥. ii.ss. Margerum. ʒ. iii. Amoniacum. ʒ. x. Storax Calamita, Bdellium. ana ʒ. v. Turpentyne. ℥ i ss. xii. Fyges, the Fat of a Goat▪ Buck, Reisons, ana. ʒ, two. ss. Wax. ℥ vi Oil of Mergerum. Oil Spyke, as much will suffice of●o beat them in. This emplaster doth mollify the hardness of the stomach, Liver, Spleen, and all inward parts.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum. coroneum a plaster of great virtue  Health. 
TAke of the Pitch, which is about ships, pressed or strained wax. ana. ℥. ii.ʒ.iii. of Serapinum, ℥ ii of Amoniacum Turpentyne, dry Pitch, Saffron, ana. ℥. i.ʒ.iii. of Aloes, Frankincense, Myrrh ana. ℥ i Opoponax Storax Calamita, Galbanum, mastic, Alum fenugreek, ana. ʒ. iii. of the Dreges, of Storax liquida, which the Apoticaryes call stacte, Bdellium, ana. ʒ. iii. of lethargy▪ ʒ. i.ss. Make it after this fashion: beat your Serapinum, Galbanum, Opoponax and Amoniacum a little, and temper them with wine, then boil them unto the wine be half consumed, then set it on the fire in a vessel of Tin. and when it shall begin to boil, put unto it your Pitch and stir it well, until it be melted, and when it is melted, put wax unto it, and that being also melted, put in dry Pitch which is called Colophonia, the Storax beaten small with an hot pestle must be put thereto, afterward mastic, Frankincense, Myrrh, Bdellium; and soon after these put in Turpentine, Alum lethargy, and at last of all fenugreek: when it is sodden, power it upon lukewarm water, and than incontinently take it forth again, and press it with your hands, till all the water be forth, this done, make your powder of Aloes mingled with the Oil of Laurel, upon a Marbel stone. Then make of all mingled together, baules or great pieces, with powder of Saffron, your hand being anointed with the same Oil of Laurel. This emplaster taketh away all pain which is caused in spitting, the grief of the stomach, which cometh of cold, it doth also dissolve congealed humours in the stomach, and the hardness of the spleen, it helpeth the dropsy which cometh of Coldness of the Liver, and also the coldness of the Matrice, if it be laid upon it, it is excellent.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum Oxycroceum?  Health. 
TAke you Pitch which is about ships, Saffron, Colophony of Wax, ana ℥ iii Turpentine, Galbanum▪ Amoniacum, Myrrh, Frankincense, mastic. ana. ℥. i.ʒ.iiis make it thus, break the Galbanum, and Amoniacum a little, then lay it in Vinegar by the space of a night, in the morning set them on the fire, and melt them, and when they be melted, strain them, and seethe them again, till the third part of the Vinegar be consumed, then put in your pitch being pressed or strained before. When as this is melted, put in Wax, the which also melted, put in Colophony, and Turpentine, and soon after mastic, frankincense and Myrrh, stirring it always from the beginning to the end, when it shallbe sodden, put in cold water, afterward wash it upon a Marble, anointed with Oil, and make it soft and gentle, then cast upon it the powder of Saffron, and so make it in great pieces. This cureth broken bones, assuageth all griefs in what part soever they be of the Body, it doth also mollify hard impostumes, in any part of all the body of man kind.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de janna.  Health. 
TAke of the juice of Giloflovers, Plantain, Betony & Smallage ana. li. i of Wax and Pitch, Rosen, and Turpentyne, ana. li. ss. make of these an emplaster, sodden on a soft Fire, until the juice be wasted, then put in your Turpentyne, but stir it well, that it burn not.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum Gratia Dei?  Health. 
TAke Turpentyne. li. ss. Rosen li. i white Wax. ℥ iii mastic. ℥ i of Ueruin, Betony, Pimpernel, ana. M.i. beat these herbs, and foil them in strong white wine, until the third part be consumed, then strain them & cast away the substance of the herbs, put into this juice, the wax strained with the Rosen and mastic, & let them boil, stirring them till they be thick, take them of, and put in Turpentyne, and mingle all together, and make your emplaster, saith Nicholas.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum contra rupturas?  Health. 
FIrst take of Pitch about ships, of Aloes, ana. ℥, of lethargy of read wax, Colophonye Galbanum, Amoniacum, ana. ℥ i Misseltoe of the Oak, ℥ vi of Chalk or Plaster, 
Misseltoe is called Uiscum or Mislen the groweth on the Oak or thoru.  of both Aristologia, Longa, and Rotunda, Myrrh, Frankincense, ana. ℥ vi Turpentyne. ℥ ii of common earth worms, of Oak Apples, ℥ iiii. of Camphor, and of Daisye, of Bole Armoniake, ana, ʒ iiii. of the blood of a man. li. i Make it thus, 
Blood of man is to be had at Barbers, or blood letters, it must be dried in the Oven  put the Misseltoe first into the water, and suffer it to boil long in a decoction wherein a Rams skin was sodden, and let it seethe by the space of a day & a night then take it from the fire, & put unto it Turpentyne, lethargy, Colophony, Mastyke, the whitest Frankincense, Myrrh, Galbanum, Amoniacum, & soon, after Comfery and Dayses, Chalk or plaster, and Bolearmoniake, after this set it on the fire again, and put in the blood of man, & both Astrologies, and last of all Aloes, you must stir it continually: when it is well sodden, take it from the fire, you shall know it to be well sodden, when it will not cleave nor stick unto your fingers, then lay it upon a Marbel stone, anointed with oil of Uyolets, and make it soft with working and labouring of it with your hands, after this you must beat it again in a mortar continually by the space of two or three days, then reserve it.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum pro Matrice?  Health 
FIrst take of the Root of Sinkfolye. li. i of Lignum Aloes. yellow Saunders, Nutmegs, Barberries, of the flowers of Rosemary or Roses ana ʒ. i. of Cinamum, Cloves, Squinantum, Camomile▪ flowers, ana. ℥. i.ss, Mastic, Frankincense▪ the confection called Alipta muschata, & Gallia Muschata, of Storax liquida, which is called also Stacte. ana. ʒ. iii. fine Musk. ʒ. ss. of wax. li. i. ss, of pitch about old ships. li. two. make an emplaster  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum Divinum  Health. 
TAke of Galbanum. ℥. i.ʒ.iis, of Ammoniacum. ℥ iii▪ ʒ. two. Opopanax ʒ. of lethargy. li. i of new Wax. ʒ. viii. of Oil Olive li. ss. Frankincense. ℥ i ʒ i. of Myrrh, ℥ i ʒ. i. of Uerdigrease ℥ i of Bdellium ℥ ii of Aristolochia longa ℥ i of Amentis, which is a kind if Chalk. ℥ four mingle all these together and make an emplaster.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de minio.  Health. 
TAke of the oil of sweet Roses. li. i. ss, oil of Mirtelles, the ointment Populeon, ana. ℥ four of hens grease ℥ ii the Tallow of an Ox or a Cow, ana. li. ss. swines grease ℥, seven. Litharge of Gold and Silver, ana. ℥. iii.ss of white Lead ℥ four of Turpentyne ℥ ten of Wax, as much as will suffice to make your emplaster, according to the Art somewhat black.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum de Cerusa?  Health. 
TAke of the Oil of Roses li. two. of white lead. li. iiii. of white wax. ʒ. vi. make an emplaster. This is a very pleasant emplaster, against all sores which come by reason of the heat of the son or by any other hoot cause, against rubbinges, gallynges, or excoriations of heat.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum Palmeum  Health 
TAke lethargy of Gold. li. iii of Oil Olive, young swines grease ana li. i ss. of green Coporas. ℥ iiii. Buds or tops of the Date Tree seethe them altogether on the fire, and stir them continually, with a stick of the same Date tree, and if you cannot have the buds or tops of the Date tree, you may take the roots of Reeds. This is a very excellent plaster against wounds, festered with blood, and against grievous impostumes, burnings, brusyng, shooting, and pricking of humours.  Sickness 
How make you Emplastrum Tripharmacon  Health. 
TAke of Oil Olife. li. iiii. of lethargy of Gold li two. of Vinegar. li, ss make the plaster accordingly. This emplaster doth bring new flesh again in wounds. and doth heal them.  Sickness. 
How make you Emplastrum Desiccatiuum rubrum?  Health. 
TAke lethargy of Gold. ℥ iii Oil of Roses, oil of Uyolets, ana. li ss, of wax li. xii. the stone called Lapis Calaminaris, of terra Sigillata, of red lead, ana. ℥ four of Camphur. ʒ i make the emplaster. This doth dry up biles, and sores cleansed.  Sickness. 
How make your Hiera Picra Galeni?  Health. 
FIrst take of Saffron, Spicknarde, the wood of Balm, Casiafistula, cinnamon, Mastic. ana. ʒ. vi. of Aloes a hundredth ʒ. and take of Honey as much as will suffice, beat them & work them all in the juice of Coleworts, Wormwood, or wine that they may be so mingled together, as leaven in dough, put unto them Scammony, that they may the better cleave together, and also purge the body of Choler: if you will put thereunto Agarike, & the inner part of Coloquintida, than it will purge phlegm, and if the flower of harder Time be mingled with it, then Melancholy is thereby purged. To make it the more gentle in operation, and lease noisome to the Stomach, the Potecaryes' put unto this composition, twice so much Aloes, as of all the other kinds. your Aloes must be broken and washed, that it may the better go to the Bottom of the water, and the dross which swimmeth above, aught to be cast away with the water, and this must be done twice or thrice: when it is well washed▪ then it will be a very holefome medicine for the Stomach, and nothing hurtful to the inward parts: after this the other Simples and medicines aught to be mingled, and so it shallbe a very good purgation for weak stomachs. This purgation which is made with Aloes, doth remedy the Iliaca passio, and consumeth superfluous humours, in the stomach, it doth amend the paleness of the face, the eye sight which is dimmed with gross humours from the stomach: it provoketh a man indifferently unto the stool, working and purging from the Liver, it doth hurt those which have a hot Liver, but the stomach thereby is helped which is cold and phlegmatic.  Sickness 
How make you a julep of Roses?  Health. 
first take of Rose water li. iii of fine Sugar sodden and clarified. li. two. make your julep with a soft fire. This quencheth the thirst in hot Agues, and doth assuage the heat both of the liver and of the heart: it doth also resist corruption of humours, and keepeth a man in health.  Sickness. 
How make you a julep of Violets▪  Health. 
TAke of the water of Violet flowers. li. iii of fine sugar sodden and clarified li. two. mingle them and seethe them with a soft fire. This is a pleasant remedy in all burning agues, and for those which have a hot liver or heart: it helpeth also those, which have any roughness in the wind pipe or throat, it helpeth the pluresy, and dry cough.  Sickness. 
How make you Lohoch de Pino?  Health. 
TAke of the kernels of the Pine apples. ʒ xxx. of sweet Almonds, Walnuttes made in powder, the gum Tragantum, gum Arabike, Liquorice, the juice of Amilium, Maiden here, Lily roots. ana. ʒ iii of Dates. ʒ. xxxv. of bitter Almonds. ʒ iii Honey mingled with the juice of great raises, fine Sugar, fresh butter ana. ʒ. iiii. of the best Honey as much as will suffice. This doth heal old coughs, shortness of breath, and causeth a man to avoid gross spittle.  Sickness. 
How make you Lohoch de Squilla, or Scylla  Health. 
FIrst take the juice of Squilla and of clarified honey. ana. li. ss. seethe it until it shallbe thick. This purgeth gross and tough phlegm, congealed in the wind pipe, & causeth it easily to avoid, it cureth also shortness of wind, and the pain of the breast and side.  Sickness. 
How make you Loche sanum.  Health. 
TAke Cinnamon, dry Hyssop, juice of Liquorice. ana. ℥. ss. of jaiubes, Sebesten, ana, in number xxx. Raisins of Coranes. picked figs, Dates, ana. ℥ ii of fenugreek. ʒ. v, of Maydenhere, M.i. of anisseede, Folium Indicum, Flowerdelice, Calamint, Linfede. ana. ʒ. iiii. seethe all these in four pound of water, till half be consumed. Then put into this li. two of Penydies with a confection of Sugar, seethe it until it be as thick as Honey, then mingle with this of Pineaples pared. ℥ .v. of blanched Almonds, Liquorice, the gum Arabyke, of Amilium, ana. ʒ. iii. of Flowerdelice ʒ two. labour this confection until it shallbe thick and white. This cureth the cough & hoarseness of the voice, which cometh of cold and fleugmatike humours which be in the breast and Lungs.  Sickness. 
How make you Lohoch de Caulibus.  Health. 
FIrst take of red Colewort. li. of Saffron. ʒ. two of Sugar, Honey, ana. li, ss. make, your syrup.  Sickness. 
How make you Lohoch de pulmone vulpis?.  Health. 
TAke the Lungs of a Fox dried, the juice of Liquorice, Maiden hair Fenell seed, ana. ʒ. iiii. make it with Sugar, sodden in water, asmutch as will suffice. Some make it with the juice of Mirtes, and then it is both Laxative, and also a comforter of the stomach This is a pleasant remedy in all consumptions and diseases of the stomach, it doth both comofte and cleanse the lungs.  Sickness. 
How make you Mithridatum Manardi?  Health. 
TAke the Ducks and Drakes blood, the blood of a Goose, and of herb Grace called Rue, Fenell, Dill, navews, ana. ʒ. iii. the root of Gentian, Trifoly, Squinantum, Frankincense, dry Roses, ana ʒ. iii. white and long Pepper, cost, Ualerian, Anysseede, cinnamon, ana. ʒ. two. Myrrh, Spicknard. ʒ. vi. tormentil, Asarabacca, Amoniacum, ana. ʒ iii Mace, Agarike. ana. ʒ. two. Balmeseede. ℈ i Flowerdelice, Saffron, Rhaphonticum, mastic, ana ʒ. i. of Stichados. ʒ. v. make a fine powder of all these, and put four times so much Honey as of the other, and myrt them, beaten your powders finely, and seethe them softly.  Sickness. 
How make you Mithridatum?  Health. 
FIrst take of Storax Calamita. ʒ. i. ℈ i of Cloves, Spycknard, the wood of Balm, Orobus, Lovage, the Gum Tragantum, mastic, 
This is an excellent Mithridatum. that is of Andromachus, but the best is made at Bisance.  Galbanum, Sandarike, the sweet thorn Aspalthus, the Otters stones, the Gum of ivy, Bdellium, Terra sigyllata, and Lemnia, Melilote, the Gum of Laudanum, Opopanar, Ammoniacum, Opium, Brimstone unslaked. Liquerice, Salt Peter, Hipoquistis, Acacia, Roses, Germander, saint john's wort, Southern wood, Pionye, Hyssop, Organye, Enula campana, Savyn leaves, the leaves of Bay tree. Aristolochia Longa, the flowers of harder Time, Worm seed, Rosemary. Centaury, Scaholme, the flowers of the wild Pomegarnet, the inner rind of the Mertyll tree, the flowers of Pomgarnet, Raddysh seed, Squilla, Anisseede, Balm seed, Get, Henebane, Fenell, cumin, Cardamomum, Sylecmontan, white Mustardseed and Parsley seed, Rue, white poppy, smallage yellow Carats, Clarye, long Pepper, basil, Amomum, ana. ʒ i Gladium, the common Burr, swines Nuts, Capars, Tutsan flowers, the horn of the Read Dear, ana. ℈ ii of the juice of Balm, or of Myrte tree, cinnamon, Saffron, cost, Squynantum. ginger, Folium Indicum, and in steed of it, Cloves or Spyckenard, Turpentyne washed, Myrrh, frankincense, Cassiafistula, Agaryke, Spyca Romana, Rhaponticum, Flowerdelyce, Asarabacca, Dyttan, Horehound, the inner rind of Coloquyntida. Styca, does, Mugwoort, Calamynte, Pelletarye of Spain, Ground pine, black and white Pepper, Manna or sweet dew, Cresses, Synkefoly, ana. ℈ i of Bayberies'. G. vi.ss. of strong and old Wine. ℥ i of Honey asmutch as will suffice, This doth cure all diseases of the head, which come of Cold, and chiefly Melancholy, and fearful persons, the falling Evil, the Mygram running eyes and all other diseases of them, the tooth ache, and all gryefes' and sores of the mouth and jaws, if it be laid on the place infected, if any Rheum distill from the head than it must be laid to the Temples, after the fashion of an emplaster, it cureth also the Quincie and Apoplexy, which is when a man can neither feel nor move, it helpeth also the Cough, shortness of wind, spytting of blood from the Lungs, and all inward diseases, it cureth also stiffness of members, when the sinews be so stiff that the part cannot move, it also helpeth the Cramp, Convulsions, Palses, diseases about the Mydrif, reins and the bladder, it breaketh the stone, provoketh the Flowers stopped, and healeth all diseases of the Matrice, it mollyfieth all hardness, and cureth the Gout, and it is a chief remedy for all poisons, and against the biting of a mad dog, or any other beast, if it be laid to the place or drunken, it cureth also Quarten Agues and Quotidian taken with it lukewarm wine, an hour before the fit cometh.  Sickness. 
How make you Micleta?  Health. 
TAke of the three first kinds of Micobalans dressed and made in powder. ʒ two. ss. Cummin, Anisseede, Folium, Indicum, Amios, Carowayes. ana, ʒ. ii.ss. Cress' seed. ʒ, two. ss. Bellericum, the fourth and fift kind of Mirobalans made in powder, ana. ʒ. two. infuse all these in Vinegar a day and a night, afterward make them in powder, then mingle with them Spody, the flowers of the wild Pomgarnet, mastic. Gum Arabyke, Manna, or sweet Dew, ana. ʒ. two. stamp them all with the Oil of Roses, and temper them with the syrup of the Myrtle tree. This confection hath been proved against the Emeroides. gnawing and gripping of the belly, the bloody Fluxes of the body, and is to be given in the Syrup of Planten. ʒ. iiii. in the Night.  Sickness 
How make you Miva simplex seu Aromatica?  Health. 
TAke a hundred. l i of the juice of Quinces, put it into a clean vessel of stone, and let it boil softly, scuming of it till it be half consumed, then strain it, and let it stand four hours, and cast upon it, lx. l i of old Wine, this done set it on the Fire and seethe it until it be thick, some Potycarpes make it with these spices which follow, & some without: they take of the best cinnamon, the lesser Cardamom, ana. ℥ iii, of Cloves ʒ. two. of Gynger, Mastyke, ana ʒ. i.ss. of Saffron. ʒ. two of lignum Aloes, Mace, ana. ʒ. ss. stamp all these grossly, except Saffron, and hung them in a cloth, and make them sweet with. ʒ. i. of Musk, and with. ʒ. two. of the confection called Gallia Muschata, there be also some other Apothecaries which make this confection with Sugar. This confection fortefyeth the stomach. liver, and all the principal parts, it causeth good appetite and digestion it stoppeth also vomiting, and fluxes of the body.  Sickness. 
How make you Mel Rosatum.  Health. 
TAke of Read Roses prepared and dressed, as in the Conserves before, ana. two. parts, of good honey, vi. parts, seethe them with a gentle fire accordingly, some Apothecaries put in equal parts, both of Honey, and of the juice of Roses without any leaves, some other put also of the leaves i part and ss. and of the juice i part ss. of Honey iii parts. This comforteth the stomach, and doth digest and purge Phlegmatic humours contained in the Stomach, or in the Veins.  Sickness. 
How make you Mel violatum?  Health. 
TAke of the Flowers of Uyolets i part, of good Honey iii parts, seethe them with a a soft fire. This is a singular good remedy in hot Agues, because it maketh the body moist and also laxative, it assuageth the dryness of the stomach and breast.  Sickness. 
How make you Mel Anthosatum?  Health. 
TAke of Rosemary flowers i part, of Honey iii parts, make it as the other before.  Sickness. 
How make you Manus Christi?  Health. 
FIrst take of Sugar clarified and melted in the Water of Roses. l i ss. seethe these two till the water be consumed and the Sugar hard, in the end of your decoction put in. ʒ. ss. of Pearls or precious stones, made in fine powder, then lay it upon a Marble stone anointed with oil of Roses or Uyolets, or Rose water.  Sickness. 
How make you oxymel simplex?  Health. 
TAke of good Honey ii parts, of Vinegar i part, of well water iii parts, your Honey and water aught to be sodden together, so that no foam be suffered to abide above, then put in your Vinegar, and let it seethe well, until your Honey seize foaming. This doth purge gross and Phlegmatic humours, by making of them thinner by dissolving them, by opening, and breaking of them, it doth also digest the matter which remaineth of long Agues.  Sickness. 
How make you Oxymel Diureticum?  Health. 
TAke of the rind of the root of smallage and Fenell, ana. l i.i. Parsilye, Kneholme, or Butcher's broume, Sperage, smallage seed, fenugreek seed, ana. ℥ i seethe these roots and seeds in one. l i▪ of water, and one. l i of Vinegar, until they come to the half and a little more, then take of Honey asmutch as will suffice, and seethe it well, and make a syrup.  Sickness. 
How make you Oxymel Squilliticum?  Health. 
TAke of clarified honey. l i iii. of Vinegar of Squilla. l i two▪ seethe it sufficiently. This dissolveth gross, tough, and Phlegmatic humours, it cureth also belching which cometh of raw and undigested homors it healeth also the Bladder exulcerated in mollifying of it.  Sickness 
How make you Oxysaccara simplex?  Health. 
TAke of Sugar. l i.i. of the juice of Pomgarnets'. ℥ viii of Vinegar. ℥ four seethe it on the fire, till it come to the form of a Syrup. This is very good in Tercian, Quartan, and burning Agues. In the spring time, it purgeth choler in the stomach.  Sickness. 
How make you Oxisaccara composita?  Health. 
TAke of Maiden hair, C●teracke, Hearts tongue, Liverwort, Violets, Fenell, Sperage, Kneholme, or Butcher's broume, Stichworte, ana. l i.i. make it after this fashion: lay your herbs and roots in the juice of Pomgarnets' by the space of three days, upon the fourth day, boil them a little, and strain them well. Afterward put unto them asmuth Sugar as will suffice, seethe them till they shallbe thick.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of sweet Almonds?  Health. 
TAke Almonds and blanch them, and take away also the inner Rind, then stamp them well, and make them in massy pieces in a boat place, by the space of five days, then beat & stamp them together again, & then press them, so that the oil may issue forth, and if you will seethe it again in a vessel, set within an other, by the space of an hour, and then press it, it will run much better: you shall have much plenty of oil, if you fill bags with Almonds stamped, and then lay them under hot ashes or sand, between a cloth, and afterward press them. This oil mollifyeth the roughness of the throat, the hardness of the Lungs, and of all the inward parts, it healeth consumptions, and increaseth seed in men, it assuageth the heat of the matrice, and of the privy parts of a woman, and also the heat of the reins, and of the bladder, if it be laid to the place.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of bitter Almonds?  Health. 
THis oil must be made in all things like unto the other before. This openeth all obstructions and oppylations, and causeth wind to avoid, maketh the flesh smooth and fair, it doth also take away spots, and deformities in the face, ache in the sinews, and all hardness.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Bay?  Health. 
FIrst take ripe Bayberies', and stamp them well in Water, and strain them, when they be cold gather of the fat, which swimmeth above, and it shall be your oil. This oil bringeth heat and mollyfieth, in so much that they, which be troubled with scabs, ringwormes, or any such sores, be cured therewith, if they be anointed, when they bathe them, Choleric persons, and all those which be suspected to. have the leprosy or any part thereof, must eschew and avoid this oil: it is a singular remedy against cold complexions, moist and phlegmatic, and those whose joints be affected with cold, it cureth falling away of the hair, taken with the water of Saltpetre: this done, you must also wash your head, with wine and Honey, and with the flower of fenugreek, howbeit, if your head be vexed with any gryese of heat, than you must uttrrly eschew this oil  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum Sesaminum?  Health. 
FIrst take and wash the little grain Sesamum, from all filth, than sprynkell upon it a little water with Salt, and rub it with your hands, than cast Water upon it again, till it be moist, afterward lay it forth to dry, which thing done, you must take it again, and dry it better by the fire, so moderately as you can, and after this put it into a bag of course cloth, and rub it again with your hands, till the husk go of, when the husk is taken of, you must then grind it, and press forth the oil as you did in making the oil of Almonds, you may make after this fashion oil of linseed, Popie seed, or Lettice seed, saving that your linseed, may not have the Husk taken away. This oil increaseth fatness, and seed in a man, it mollifieth the throat, you may also mingle this oil, with many other.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Spike?  Health. 
FIrst take of Spike. ℥ iii of wine and water ana. ℥. ii.ss. Oleum Sesaminum, l i ss. seethe these in a double vessel, that is, one set within an other, with a soft fire, by the space of four hours, and stir it continually. This is a very good oil against all diseases of cold wind, grieves of the sinews, stomach, liver, spleen, reins, bladder, and matrice, the head ache, & megrim.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de Costo?  Health. 
TAke of dry cost. ℥ ii of Cassiafistula. ℥ i the buds Tops of Mergeram. ℥ viii of sweet wine, asmutch as will suffice to lay the stuff in two nights, take of the Oil of Sesaminum, l i iii. seethe it as the Oil before. This oil engendereth heat in the sinews, and in all parts of the body, it openeth obstructions and oppilations, it fortifyeth the stomach and liver, it keepeth the hair from falling of, & the head from horenesse, it causeth good colour, and savour in all the body.  Sickness. 
How make you Oil of Rue?  Health. 
TAke oil olive, li. iii the leaf and juice of Rue, ana. ℥ ii make an oil accordingly. This doth heal and dry, therefore it is a present remedy against all distillations and rheums, it assuageth griefs of the breast, and bringeth heat to cold members.  Sickness. 
How make you the oil of Dyll?  Health. 
TAke of oil Olive. l i ii.ʒ.iis the flowers of Dill. ℥ xi lay the flowers of Dill three days in Oil, and seethe them the fourth, with a soft fire a little, and then take them of, this done put in to the same decoction. ℥ iii of Dyll flowers, and seethe it in the same, and keep it. This oil assuageth all griefs and aches, it openeth, looseth, and provoketh a man to sweat, it doth mitigate the cold, and shaking in Agues, if the back bone be therewith anointed, it causeth sleep, and cureth the head ache.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Camomile?  Health. 
TAke of Oil Olive. l i iii. of the flowers of Camomile. l i.i. make it as the oil of Dyl. This doth mitigate all aches, it stoppeth fluxes of humours, because it doth lose, and not bind. Paulus Aegineta doth take. ℥ ii of the dry flowers of Camomile, without the whites, and doth cover the vessel with a linen cloth, so that the air may pierce through, & then doth set it in the Sun, by the space of forty days, after this the mouth aught to be well stopped, and so kept, and if you cannot have green flowers, you may take dry, and seethe them in a double vessel, that is, one set within an other, howbeit, the oil shallbe of less strength and efficacy. This oil is electuarius to the teeth anointed by itself, or by some other temperate thing, doth open the poares, and causeth the skin to be thine, it cureth long Agues, and all griefs, if the place be anointed with it, and sweet Wine.  Sickness 
How make you oil of Mirtes.  Health. 
TAke of Salet oil. l i iii. of Mirtes stamped. l i.i. of the best UUyne l i two. mingle these together, and suffer them to boil, until the Wine be consumed, then strain them, and so reserve it. This Oil doth refrigerate and bind, and therefore it cureth the flux, which cometh of weakness of the stomach, burnings, pympelles, Kibes and gaulynges, if the place be therewith anointed, it healeth clystes about the Fundament, and the broad piles, the weakness of the Members, it stoppeth also vomiting and sweeting.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Flowerdelice?  Health. 
TAke the Roots of Flowerdeluce. ℥ ii and of the flowers. ℥ four and of the Decoction of the Roots. l i.i. of oil olive. l i two. let them boil in a double vessel, until the water be consumed, after this strain them, and change the roots, and flowers, and decoction, this aught to be twice, and then strain them, and reserve them: the Apothecaries commonly make it after this fashion, how be it, you shall read in Dioscorides another form of making this Oil. This Oil scoureth, purgeth, loseth, openeth, ripeth, and assuageth aches of cold, it ripeth raw humours in the Breast and Lungs, it taketh away pain in the joints, and mollifieth the hardness of them, all impostumes and swellings about the neck, or in any other place, it assuageth pain of the Matrice of cold, the Cramp and pain about the reins, and the stench also of the Nose.  Sickness. 
How make you Oil of Roses?  Health. 
FIrst take oil olive, or the oil of the grain Sesamum, wash it of● with well water, then take a sufficient quantity of leaves of young and read Roses beaten, and cover them with the oil wherein they were washed, and stop the mouth of the vessel, and set it in the Sun by the space of vii days, afterward seethe it in a double vessel, by the space of three hours, then change again the Rose leaves, and take fresh and set them in the Sun other seven days, after this seethe them again, and change them as you did before, and put unto them infusion of Roses, asmutch as of the oil, and stop the mouth of the vessel, and set it in the Sun, by the space of forty days. This oil (as Mesue writeth) doth comfort, loose, open, and assuage all aches, it is also good against inflations, and fluxes of Humours, therefore being drunken, it is a present remedy against the bloody flux, and all other fluxes. There be two kinds of this oil, the one is made of ripe Roses, leaves▪ and the other of oil Olive, and Rose leaves: the first kind doth moilify, and make the skin thin, it openeth, and assuageth all manner of griefs: The second kind doth refrigerate and bind, and therefore it cureth the headache in Agues, or of the heat of the Sun, it assuageth burning▪ which is engendered of wind, in a full stomach, and finally it cureth all aches of the head, if the place be there with anointed, it is also a present remedy against pain in the stomach, or Bowels coming of sharp humours, if it be mixed with. ℥ ii of mastic, and with a ' ytle quantity of Wax, it assuageth all read inflammations, if the place be anointed with it.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Violets?  Health. 
first take Oil Olive. l i two. of young Violets stamped. ℥ four put them into a Glass, and set them in the Sun by the space of vii days, afterward boil them in a double▪ vessel by the space of three hours, then streyn and reserve them. Paulus Aegineta doth call this oil, jaton and writeth that it is made either of Purple Violets, or else of yellow Violets, which many judge to be Hartesease: he willeth also that the Uyolets shall stand ten days in the Sun and be thrice changed▪ and the vessel to be so stopped that no air may enter in, and in the mean time you may put in dry Violets. This assuageth all inflammations in what part so ever they be, it mollifyeth exulcerations and hoarseness of the breast or lungs, it mitigateth hot apostumes, and the pleuresies.  Sickness. 
How make you Oil of Quinces?  Health. 
FIrst take of the Quinces which be not fully ripe, and stamp them, and of the juice of them, ana, equal parts, of the oil of unripe Olives. asmutch as will suffice, put it into a Glass, and set it in the Sun by the space of xu days, than set it in a double Glass, which is one vessel set within an other by the space of four hours, then change your Quinces, and the juice of them once or twice, and make it as you did the other, after this strain it, and reserve it. Dioscorides doth show an other and a better way to prepare this oil, Paulus Aegineta doth call this oil Melinon, and maketh it after this sort: he doth take of Quinces unpared. ℥ iii of the oil of unripe Olives. ℥ xviii and doth set it in the Sun xl days. This Oil fortefieth the stomach, and the principal members. and the sinews which be loose and weak, it prohibiteth overmutch sweeting. it is also a present remedy against all Fluxes.  Sickness. 
How make you oil of Mastic.  Health. 

This Oil is so good, that it is called the second, that is lesser better, for the virtue thereof  TAke of Mastic. ℥ iii oil of Roses. ℥ xii of good wine. ℥ viii seethe them in a double vessel accordingly. This Oil, as Mesue writeth, is the second for his virtue, for it comforterh the stomach, sinews, liver, and joints, it doth mollify hard apostumes, and assuageth aches.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum Castoreo.  Health. 
FIrst take. ℥ i of the Otters stones, and seethe them in one pound of oil Olive, until the third part be consumed, then keep the oil in the powder of the O●ters stones.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de Euphorbio.  Health. 
TAke of Euphorbe. ℥. ss. of Oil of Hearts ease. ℥ .v. of sweet Wine as much, seethe it till the Wine be consumed, and then reserve it. This oil is very good against cold diseases of the sinews, the ache of them▪ and of the joints, the pain of the Liver and spleen, the head and the Rheum, the Uertigo and forgetful diseases. Galen doth make this Oil Olive of Euphorbe, according to the patients infirmity, as it doth appear in the second book De composicio Medicamentorum.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum vulpinum.  Health. 
TAke a whole Fox, except the vowels, and put him in a vessel, and power upon him well water, and salt Water. ℥ xviii of old oil. l i iii. seethe this over a soft fire, with. ℥ iii of Salt until the Water be consumed. then put it into a vessel, and power to it sweet Water, wherein the herbs were sodden. l i two. and Time. M.ii seethe them again, till the water be consumed. This oil is a chief remedy against the pain in the joints, that is called Arthritica passio, against the Gout in the feet, & pain in the reins, and back.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de Tartaro?  Health. 
TAke of the lies of white wine. l i two. or else asmutch as you judge best, make it in powder, and wrap it in a linen cloth, or in tow, then mingle it again with strong white Uynegar, afterward dry it again under hot ashes, until it shallbe very black, then make it in powder again, and set it in a vessel in a cold place, and so let it stand by the space of viii days, till it shallbe resolved into oil and run, and if it will not run of itself, then press it with your hands into a Glass. With this oil women do anoint their faces, to make them smooth and fair, for it cleanseth the face marvelous well with Camphor.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de Scorpione  Health. 
FIrst take twenty Scorpions, more or less, according to their quantity, put them into a vessel of Glass, 
Dry your Tartar in an Oucu.  and power upon them l i two. of oil of bitter Almonds, stop the mouth, and set it in the Sun xxx days, and so use it. This oil is the most present remedy, to break the stone in the reins, or the bladder, chief if the reins or the neck of the bladder, or the places there about, be anointed with it, or else it be ministered in by the yard, it is also made with old oil, and mixed with many other medicines, which be good against poison: it is also a present remedy against the pestilence, or stinging of Scorpions.  Sickness. 
How make you Oil of garden Lilies.  Health. 
FIrst take of oil Olive. l i.i. of flowers of white Lylles. 
You shall have Scorpions at the Apothecaries.  ℥ four make this oil, as you did the oil of Camomile, Paulus Aegineta doth show another way of making of this Oil. This Oil is very good against women's diseases, running sores of the head, the scurf, or any other breaking forth, if that place be therewith anointed, it is also good against all diseases, and aches of cold, and inflammations, also anointed with Saffron: if it be drunken, it will purge choler but it is noisome to the stomach.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de papavere?  Health. 

Nenuphar, is the water 〈◊〉, white or yellow.  FIrst take of the flowers and green heads of Popie stamped ana. ℥ iii of oil Olive not ripe, l i.i. ℥ iii make your oil accordingly. This oil assuageth headache, and causeth a man to sleep when the cause of waking cometh of heat or vapours ascending to the head, if the temples, nose, eyes, or forehead be therewith anointed.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum Nimphaeatum album?  Health. 
TAke of oil olive not ripe. l i.i. of the flowers Nenuphar when they be fresh, and stamped. ℥ four keep them in a vessel of glass and repair it as you did the oil of Violets, both for setting in the Sun, and for the seething and changing of the flowers, and the mixing of the decoction. This oil hath almost the virtues of the oil of Poppy, but because it is not so cold, and doth not so much dull senses therefore we mingle with it the Oil of Popie to 'cause a man sleep the better, it altereth a hot complexion, unto what part so ever it be laid.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum Menthae?  Health. 
FIrst take of Mints leaves, and of the juice of it. ana. ℥ four unripe oil olive l i iii. put these into a vessel of Glass, and set them in the sun by the space of xu days, stopping the Mouth of it, this done boil them iiii hours, then strain them well, this being done, afterward strain it, and so let it be kept. This oil is good for a weak and a cold stomach, it stoppeth vomiting, and causeth digestion, it moveth a man to his meat, and mollyfieth all hardness in what part of the body so ever it be.  Sickness. 
How make you Oil of Wormwood?  Health. 
TAke the buds, tops, and juice of Wormwood, ana. ℥ iii of oil olive. l i iii. you shall make this as you did the other. This doth comfort and bring heat to cold members, it fortefyeth the stomach, and causeth good appetite, it openeth obstructions and healeth diseases which come of a cold cause, it destroyeth worms and doth bring them forth, if it be mixed with ointments and plasters and laid to the place.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum Lumbricorum?  Health. 
TAke of earth worms l i.i.ss. of oil Olive. l i two. of wine. ℥ ii boil them all together, and make an oil accordingly. This is comfortable to the sinews vexed with cold, and good for the ache of the joints.  Sickness. 
How make you Oleum de Cherua or alba viola?  Health. 
TAke Flowers of Hartesease. ℥ xii of Oil olive. 
This sweet herb grow-upon walls and in Gardens▪ it flourisheth in Apryll and may.  l i two. the flowers of Hartesease must be laid iii days in Oil, seethe them well on the fourth day with a soft fire, this done, put unto the decoction. ℥ iii of the flowers of Hartesease, than set it in the sun and reserve it. This oil openeth, loseth and assuageth pain of the joyncts and Sinews, Breast, Reins and Bladder.  Sickness. 
How make you a Pomander?  Health. 
TAke of Storax Calamita. ℥. i.ss. of Benjamin. ℥ ii of the gum Laudanum. ℥. ss. of Cloves, white Saunders, ana. ʒ. iii. of Roses, Mergeram, ana. ℥. ii.ss. mingle with these powders of Musk and Ambergrice, ana. ℈ i make your ball with the infusion of Rose water and Sinet, in a mortar somewhat warm.  Sickness. 
How make you Diahyssopus Nicholai, which is greatly commended of Cordus?  Health. 
IT is a very wholesome medicine, and must be thus made as followeth, take Hyssop, Yreos or Flowerdeluce root. Time, black Pepper, ana. ʒ.— xxx. Puliall royal, Savoury, Rue, Commin. ana. ʒ. xx. the Fruit of Dates, Tragagant, Liquerice, fat figs, Raysens of the Sun without stones, Fenell, ana. ʒ. x. Ginger, uncollered Caro ways, Lovage seed, ana. ʒ, v. and Sugar, beat your dried things in a brass mortar, and your moist things in a stone mortar. and then temper them together according to art as Manus Christi or softer. This Dia is good to be eaten for the coldness of the head, and fasteneth up the vuila, purgeth the arteirs, stomach, Lungs, Cough. & helpeth Pleurises, and this is good for thee, for thou art much troubled with these evils.  Sickness. 
How make you Diacostum, after Mesue?  Health. 
YOu must make it thus. Take sweet Cost Arabicum, or for that Costmary the whitest, the wood of Cassia, cinnamon, ana. ℥, v. the seeds of smallage, of Anisseede, & Rhubarb and Squinans ana. ʒ. iii. Azarabacca roots, Saffron, Aristolochia, Myrrh, ana. ʒ. two. and Sugar as much as will suffice, stamp your dried things in a mortar, and serse them and stamp your moist in a stone mortar, and mingle them together, and seethe your Sugar with Rose water, put in your receipts in the end, and make it as hard and as soft as you will, this helpeth Dropsyes, and stoppings of the Guts, wind, cold or rawness, pains of the collyke.  Sickness. 
How make you Diatrion Sandalon Nicolaj?  Health. 
TAke the three kinds of Sanders, white, read and yellow, of read Rose leaves, fine white Sugar▪ ana. ʒ. iii. Rhubarb, Spodium the Sprupe of Liquerice, Purslen seed, ana, ʒ. two. ℈. ss. G. v. Amyle, gum of Arabike, and of Tragaganth, the seeds of Melons, Cucumexes, Gourds, Citrons Succory. or Endive, ana ʒ. i.ss. Camphire. ℈, i and Sugar to seethe it in, when the powders be finely serced, and the Gums resolved, and so temper them in your pan, having Endive or Burage water: this is most wholesome against all the sickness of the liver coming of heat above nature, and helpeth the yellow jaundice and causeth sleep.  Sickness. 
How make you that most worthy and excellent Cordial, Diamuscum dulce?  Health. 
YOu must use these simples following Take Saffron, Doronike, Setwall, wood of Aloes, Mace. ana. ʒ. two. white fine pearl, raw white silk dried and beaten into powder, Carabe or Crabfysh, read Coral, Gallia Muschata, sweet basel, or Balm, the white and the read Ben, or the flowers, Spicknard, Cloves, ana ʒ. i. white Ginger, Cubebes long Pepper. ana, ʒ. i. sweet Musk, Ambergrice, ana. ℈. i.ss. beaten these finely in powder, and with Sugar and Rose water seethe them accordingly into a thickness, temper it still, and power it upon a Marbie stone. This is good against the passions of the heart, in swelling of the stomach, lack of sleep, falling sickness. and shortness of breath to be eaten morning and evening. You may make an other good Diamuschum Amarum, of a stronger effect, against the Dropsy, to dry moist hummours, and to cleanse corruption, or putrefaction within the body: if you add these things. Take dry Wormwood, fine yellow Aloes, Castor which be Bevers stones, and Lovage seed ana. ʒ. iii.ss.  Sickness. 
How make you powder of Violets?  Health. 
TAke of flowers of Violets. l i ss. of Roses. ℥ iiii of Cipers. ℥. ss of Merg●rā, Cloves, ana. ℥ i white Saunders, Benjamin, ana. ℥ iiii. of Storax Calamita. ℥ i  Sickness. 
How make you pulvis contra Pestem?  Health. 
TAke of Sinkefolie, Dittan, Tunis, Scabious, bugloss roots, ana. ℥. ss. the kernels of Pomcitron, Sorrel, ana. ʒ. iiii. of Coriander ʒ. two. of read Roses. ʒ. i. of Purselin seed. ʒ. two the shaving of Iu●rie. ʒ. two. of white and read Coral▪ ana. ʒ. i.ss. of Terra Sigillata, ℥. ss. of Bole Armoniake ℥ ii mingle them and make a powder.  Sickness. 
How make you pulvis de Boloarmenio?  Health. 
TAke of the three Saunders, Galanga Aloes, Cinnamon, read Coral, read Roses, the seed of Melons, ana. ʒ. ss. the roots of Tunes and Sinkefolie. ana. ʒ. iii. the shaving of ivory, of Hearts horn, ana ʒ. ss of Anisseede, Fenell seed, Ginger ana. G. xv. of Sorrel seed, of the kernels of Pomecitron, juniper seed, Cloves, ana. ʒ. ss. of Bolearmoniake. ʒ two. make a powder thereof.  Sickness. 
How make you pulvis contra Lumbricos?  Health. 
FIrst take of Wormwood. ℥, i of Lupynes'. ʒ. i.ss. mingle them and make a powder.  Sickness. 
How make you pulvis bezoardicus?  Health 
TAke of Bolearmoniake. ℥ ii of read Roses, or Sorrel seeede, of the Kernels of Pomecitron, of Hearts horn made in powder, Rue seed, 
Let this Bolearmoniake be put in a little Vinegar. and to dried  the root of Doronike, Amber seed of Sowthistel or Carduus Benedictus. ana. ℈ iiii of both Corals, of lignum Aloes, of raw silk, neither coloured, nor died. but as it cometh from the silkworm, of the three Saunders, of Pearls, of the bone in the heart of the read Dear. ana. ʒ. i. of the Emerode. ℈ ii of the powder of Pearls, of Sinkefolie, Dyttan, Tunis, Scabious, Coryander, Terra Sigillata, ana. ʒ. two. of Camphor. ℈ ii of Saffron. G. xv. of Amber, ℈ ii of Musk. ℈ iiii & make a powder, if it be put in the syrup of Ribs, it is a goodly Cordial.  Sickness. 
How make you Penides?  Health. 
TAke of the Best Sugar. li. i or ii and at the most three, and put it into a vessel of Brass, being covered within with Tin or else into an earthen vessel, one of Brass is better for this purpose, wet your Sugar with such a quantity of sweet water as will cover it, and if your Sugar be very good and strong, mingle with it for every pound of it ℥ i of Honey, then sprinkle upon it oil of sweet Almonds, and if you have not this Oil, you may use some other in the steed of it, set your vessel on a fire of coals without smoke, and seethe it until the water be almost consumed, you shall know whether it be sodden enough or not, thus: take a dropof it, and lay it upon a Marble stone, and touch it with your finger, if it appear like threads, and will clean, and stick unto your finger, then take it from the fire, and lay it upon a Marbel stone, and draw it abroad after that ye have mingled it with the Oil of sweet Almonds, or of Sizamin, after this gather it together again, as hot as your hands will suffer, afterward draw it forth again with your hands, as sweet Electuaries be drawn, and then stick a crooked nail very high in the wall▪ and cast it upon the crooked nail, and so draw it long till it be white, you must keep it by the fire, as long as you do draw it, that it may be hot, and more gentle to draw, when you judge it to be white enough, then cut it with shears in pieces, if you make this confection roundelong, or otherwise, then take of white Amilum▪ break it and stamp it, and lay it upon the Marble stone, and then cast upon it the paste of Penidies. and roll and cut it, and so make it in what kind so ever you will, how be it, you must make it quickly, lest it wax cold between your hands, this done, lay it in a siue, or in some other like thing ny● the fire, by the space of an hour, then take it away, and reserve it: This is good for the Lungs or Cough.  Sickness. 
How make you Pignolatum?  Health. 
THis confection is made with Sugar, dissolved in Rose water, and well clarified, and when it is sodden enough, put in Pineaples pared, and let it stand and cool, till it come to the form of a hard confection, and then reserve it.  Sickness. 
How make you piluliae sine quibu● esse nolo?  Health. 
first take of Aloes washed ℥ xii of the five kinds of Mirobalans, rhubarb, mastic▪ Roses, Wormwood, Violets, Seine, Agarike, Doder, ana. ʒ. temper them with the juice of Fenel, into the which you shall put ℥ vi. of Scamony well broken, how be it, mingle your Scamonye with the juice of Fenel, then press forth your juice with the Scamony, so much as will suffice for the concoction, then make your pills with your hands, anointed with the oil of Violets, or Oil Olive. These be present Pills to purge Choler, phlegm and Melancholy against evil sight which cometh of abundance of humours, against pain of the Ears, and of Iliaca passio.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae Aureae?  Health. 
TAke of Aloes, Diacridion, ana. ℥ .v. of Roses, Smalege seed. ana. ℥. ss. of Anisseede, Fenelseede, ana. ʒ. i of mastic. ʒ. i. of Saffron, of the inner part of Coloquintida, make your pills, with the infusion of ●um ●ragan●um, these be very excellent pills to purge the head, & to amend the Eye sight, the wind in the stomach or Bowels, and they purge without any pain.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae Cochiae?  Health 
FIrst take of the powder of Hiera picra ℥ ten of Coloquintida. ℥ iii ℈ i of Scamony ʒ two of Turbith, Sticados, ana. ʒ, v. mix it with the syrup of Sticados & so make your pills. These do purge the head marvelously well, but chief of gross and cold humours, they assuage the head ache & rheum.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae de octo rebus?  Health. 
TAke of Aloes, Diacridion, ana. ʒ. two. of the inner part of Coloquintida, and of the flowers of harder Time, Agarike, mastic, the third kind of Mirobalans, Wormwood, ana. ʒ. i. temper them with the juice of Night shade.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae de Mirobalanis?  Health. 
FIrst take of the five kinds of Mirobalans, Agarike, Diagridion, Coloquintida, Seine, ana. ℥. ss. the flowers of the harder Time, Turbith, Anisseede, Fenel, mastic, the stone Lazuli. ana. ℥ iii of Aloes. ʒ. i. make these Pills with the juice of Wormwood, and if you mingle a little Ginger with them, your pills shall be the better. These pills be very good against the ache of the Hyp or Huckel bone, the Gout and the spleen. They do clear the sight, and purge burnt choler.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae Elephanginae  Health. 
FIrst take of cinnamon, Cubebes, lignum Aloes, Calamus Aromaticus, Mace, Nutmegs, Cardamom, Cloves Asarabacca mastic, Squinantum, Spicknard, the fruit of Balm, ana ℥ i, of dry Wormwood and Roses, ana. ʒ. v. stamp them, but not small, and then put unto them. li. xii. of water, seethe them till two parts of the water be consumed, then rub them with your hands, and strain them, and press forth the water, this done, take of Aloes Succotrine. li. i. wash it in a Skillet, or such like vessel of stone, covered, or else with glass: you must wash it often, & with rain water, then dry it, and cast upon it. li. two. of that which you did press forth before, dry it in the Son, then mingle it with your Aloes of Myrrh, mastic, ana. ʒ. v of Saffron ʒ. iii. beat them well and cast upon them the residue of that, which was strained, and rub them with your hands until they be broken: many Apothecaries wash Aloes with infusion of Rhubarb. These pills assuage pain of the stomach very well, the brain, and the instruments of the senses, from gross and corrupt humours.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae Aggregativae?  Health. 
FIrst take of the first kind of Mirobalans, of rhubarb, ana. ʒ iii of the juice of Egrimony and wormwood, ana. ℥ ii of Diagridion, ʒ vi. of the third kind of Mirobalans, Coloquintida, polypody, ana. ʒ. two, of the best Turbith▪ of Aloes, ana ʒ. vi. of mastic, Roses, Salgem, the Flower of harder Time, Anisseede, Ginger, ana. ʒ. ss. of the electuary of Roses, as much as will suffice to make it thick. These pills be very good against long Agues, and those which be vexed with superfluous humours, ache of the head, stomach and Liver, they purge corrupt Choler, Melancholy and phlegm, they quicken and refresh the instruments of the senses.  Sickness. 
How make you Pills of rhubarb.  Health. 
TAke of Liquorice, juice of Wormwood, mastic, ana. ʒ. i. of the first kind of Mirobalans. 
Citrine Mirobalans be taken for the first kind  ʒ. iii ss. of Smallage seed, wild Lilies, Fenel, ana. ʒ. ss. of Trochiscie Diarodon, ana. ʒ. iii.ss. of Hiera Picra ʒ. x. of rhubarb. ʒ. iii .. make them with Fenell water. These Pills cure long Agues, and those, which be also engendered of divers gross and corrupt humours, they assuage the pain about the liver, and chiefly they cure the dropsy: some Physicians use these in the end of a mixed tertian, you may make them stronger with other Simples as you judge best for the patient, take of these in the morning. ʒ. two. or ʒ. i.ss.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae de Sarcocolla?  Health. 
TAke of the gum Sarcocolla ʒ. iii. of Turbith. ʒ. iiii of Coloquintida ʒ. i.ss. of Salgen. ʒ i. dissolve the Sarcocolla in Rose water, and mingle all the other with it, & so make your Pills, these purge phlegm, how be it, few Physicians do use them.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae faetidae maiores?  Health 
FIrst rake you of Serapinum, Amoniacum, Opoponax, Bdellium, Coloquintida, wild Rue, Aloes, the flowers of the harder Time, ana. ʒ. v. of Spurge, Scammony. ʒ. iii. of Cinamun, Spicknarde, Saffron, the Otters stones, ana. ʒ. i. of Turbith. ʒ. iiii. of Gynger. ʒ. i.ss of Euphorbe. ʒ. two. dissolve your gum in the juice of Leeks, and so make your Pylles. These Pills purge gross humours and be very good against ache in the joints and gout in the feet. against pain in the back, knees, stomach, the colic, why●e Leaprey and Pox.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae de Eupho●bio?  Health. 
TAke Euphorbium, Coloquintida Agarike, Bdellium, Serapin. ana· ʒ. two. of Aloes. ʒ. v. Make Pills with the juice of Le●kes. These purge phlegm, and do also mollify, they cure the Paulsey, and purge gross humours, 
A good pill for S●ta●ica.  which have course to the joints and sinews, they cure the ache & pain in the Hip, and Huckle bone of humours.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae lucis maiores?  Health 
first take of Roses, Uyolettes, wormwood, Coloquintida, Turbythe, Cubebes, Calamus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Spicknarde, the Flower of harder Time, the seed and wood of Balm. Siler Montanum, Rueseede, Squinantum, Azarabacca. Mastyke, Cloves, Cinamum, Anisseede, Fenell, Smallage, Casiafistula, Saffron, Mace, ana. ʒ. two. of all the kinds of Mirobalans, of rhubarb. ʒ. vi. of Aloes Succotrine as much as of them all, make them with the juice of Fenel. These be present remedies against dimness of the sight, they purge the instruments of the senses, and superfluous humours, they keep the body strong and in health,  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae Lucis minores?  Health. 
TAke of the wood of Balm, and the seed of Balm, ana. ʒ. i. of Selyden. ʒ. v. of Roses, Uyolets, Wormewoodde, Eybryght, ana. ʒ. iii. of Seine, the flowers of harder Time, of all the kinds of Mirobalans, of Agarike, Coloquintida, Squinance, the stones Lazuli and Licius, ana. ʒ. ii.ss. of Aloes succotryne, as much as of them all, make them with the juice of Selendine or Fenell. These do purge Melancholy better than the other.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae de Lapide lazuli?  Health 
TAke of the stone Lazuli washed. ʒ v. the flowers of harder Time of polypody, ana. ʒ. viii. of Scammony, of Salt, ana. ʒ. ii.ss. of Agarike, ʒ. viii. of Cloves, Anisseede, of Hiera Picra, ʒ. xv, make them with the juice of Endive. These be excellent Pills against long diseases of, Melancholy and burnt choler,  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae de Bdellio?  Health. 
TAke of Bdellium. ʒ, xii. of Anisseedes. ʒ. iii. of all kinds of Mirobalans of Amber, ana. ʒ, two. ss. mingle your Bdellium with the juice of Lekes & so make the Pills. These Pills have been proved against running Emeroides, and the sores of them, and to stop the terms menstrual in women.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae de Hermodactylis?  Health. 
TAke of wild Lilies, of Aloes, of yellow Mirobalanes, of Turbith, 
Hermodactile be 11. kinds one like a Lily having one rote the other like Saffron both root and flower, but were ●ut greater, but this is called in the Greek Ephemeron.  Coloquintida, Bdelium, Serapium, ana. ʒ. vi. of the Otters stones, of the gum Sarcocolla, Euphorbe. Opopanax, wild Rue, Smallage, ana. ʒ. iii. of Saffron. ʒ. i.ss. Mingle these with the juice of Coleworts, and make them in Pills.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae Arthriticae.  Health. 
FIrst take of Ephemeron, Turbith, Agarik, ana. ʒ. iiii. of Casiafistula, Spicknard, Cloves, the wood and seed of Balm, Ginger, mastic, Fenel▪ Anisseede, Sarifrage, Sperage Kneeholme or Butcher's Brome, Roses, Gromel seed, Salgem, ana ʒ. ss. of Aloes succotrine, as much as of them all, make them with the juice of Fenell. These Pills cure the gout of the joint of the feet.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae stomachisae?  Health. 
TAke of Aloes. ʒ vi. of Mastic, of Roses, ana. ʒ. iii. make them with the juice of Nightshade. 
Mesues pills for the stomach.  These purge the stomach and head. You may make them with mirobalans' Citrine, Aloes, Turbith, ana ʒ. x. Roses, Spicknard, mastic, ana. ʒ. ii.ss. Anisseedes ʒ. i.ss shall Gem, and Saffxon ana. ʒ. i. make this with Syrup of Wormwood.  Sickness 
How make you Pilulae ante cibum  Health 
TAke of lignum Aloes, Cloves, Folium Indicum, Mastyke, the wood and seed of Balm, Cassia wood. Mace, Nutmegs, Cinamum, Cuvebes, Saffron siler Montan, Spicknarde, ana. ʒ. two. of rhubarb, & Aloes succotrine, as much as of them all, mingle them with sweet wine, and make your Pills. These pills 'cause good digestion, & distribute meat undigested, and must be taken before meat.  Sickness. 
How make you Pills of Agarike, or Agarici.  Health. 
TAke of Agarike, mastic, ana. ʒ. iii. garden lily roots, horehound ana. ʒ. two. of Turbith ʒ. v. Hiera picra ʒ. two. of Coloquintida, the gum Sarcocol, ana ʒ. two of Myrrh. ʒ. i make these with the juice of Herbs or fruits fyned either in the son or by the fire, and this juice so fyned, is called of the Pothicaryes Rob. These Pills purge the stomach from gross and corrupt humours, and they be very good against shortness of the wind, and old coughs.  Sickness. 
How make you Pills of Fumiterre,  Health. 
TAke of the five kinds of Mirobalans, ana. ʒ. v. of Aloes. ʒ. vi. of Scammony. ʒ. v. mingle them with the juice of Fumiterre, and let them stand till they be dry, then sprinkle on again the juice of Fumiterre, and suffer them again, to dry and so do the third time, then let them stand until they be thick, and then make your pills.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae communes?  Health. 
TAke of Aloes. ʒ. two. Saffron, Myrrh, ana, ℥ i make them with sweet wine. 
This pill is against the pestilence, and called Ruffi.  These Pills be much used of the Physicians if they be taken in summer, and if you take them in the plague time, than you must put unto them as much Bolearmoniake as of Aloes.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae Assaieret?  Health. 
first take of Hiera Picra. ℥ i of mastic, of yellow Mirobalans' ana. ℥. ss. of the best Aloes. ʒ. two. make your Pills with the juice of Sticados. These Pills be a present remedy against headache.  Sickness. 
How make you Pilulae Bichicae  Health 
TAke of the juice of Liquorice, Amilum, Tragantum. gum Arabyke, sweet Almonds, ana. ʒ. i. of Sugar. ʒ. iii. make them with the slimy sap of the seed of Quinces.  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae Imperialis?  Health. 
TAke cinnamon, Amomum, Anisseede, mastic, Cardamom, Ginger, Setwal, Mace, Nutmegs, Cloves, Saffron, Cubebes, lignum Aloes, Turbith Manna, or sweet dew, Agarike, Senecods, Spicknard, of the five kinds of Mirobalans, ana, ℈ i of rhubarb, as much as of them all, of Aloes as much as of all the other, make them with the syrup of Roses or Uyolets,  Sickness. 
How make you pilulae de Hiera picra?  Health. 
TAke of the powder of Hyera picra simplex. ℥ i make them with the conserve of Roses as much as will suffice.  Sickness 
SOme time the bodies of men, women, and children, be so weak▪ & feeble, that they be not able to receive purgations by electuaries, Pills or Clysters, what easy means is then to be found, to purge the belly, I pray you tell me?  Health. 
THere be divers means to be found, as appeareth by Nicolaus Myrepsy, whereas he teacheth how to make Suppositores, as for example here is one of them. R. Elleborus the black. 
To make good suppositories laxative.  ʒ. two. and good yellow Aloes. ʒ. i. and Mousedung. ʒ. iii beat these in pounder, seth them in Honey, until the thickness of a suppository, then make one or two in the form of a long small finger, than put a little fine Cotten upon the end thereof, and so put it in the body, and this will bring forth both Choler and phlegm: also here followeth an other to pull down the swelling of the belly, wind in the great guts, Cholike or such like, take the seed of rue, called herb Grace or of wild Rue, 
Suppositories to help colic  of Agarike, ana ʒ. iii. Commine well dried, Turbite, ana. ʒ. ss. Diacridium. ʒ. ss. G. iiii beat these fine in powder accordingly, then put in salt Peet●r, or common salt. ℈ iiii. and seethe it in Honey, as is aforesaid. Here also doth follow the making of an other, to relax the Belly take of the juice of Rapes, or Panis Porcinus, ℥ i and salt of the Earth, or common Salt. ℈ iiii, and Honey as much as will suffice, as in the manner aforesaid. But if you will purge Choler adust, phlegm, or wind, in the belly, R. Colocinthidis, called Coloquintida, the inward part thereof, but not the seeds. ʒ. iii polypody clean washed ʒ. iii. Bulls or Ox gaul. ʒ. i. & Honey, as example before. I have showed you the way of purging suppositers, now shall I show you the manner to make some suppositers to heal Dysenteria, or flux of Blood, coming from the apostumations bred in the Liver, 
Suppositories to stop flu●es.  and sometime a perilous fl●●e, with rasing or excoriation, continual torments, and most grievous parties in the Guts, with casting out yellow choler, sharpness of blood, choler adust, salt phlegm, which sicknesses have slain many men, women and children, for lack of help.  
R. Opium, which is the juice of poppy dried, Myrrh, Castorium, which ●e the dried stones of Beaver, 
〈◊〉 is Bevers stones  Saffron, Frankincense, Hypocistidis, ana. ʒ. vi 〈◊〉. ʒ. iii and a little wine and Honey accordingly, and so seethe your suppositer to the thickness, and roll it three finger length. An other for the same.  
R. Opobalsamum, and the fine locks of wool, roll them together in the manner of Suppositer, this hath a marvelous working, saith Nicolaus Myrepsus in this case: an other for the same.  
R Opium, Myrrh, Saffron, Dragon's blood, Bolearmoniake, Lemmy, called Terra sigillata, mastic, ana. ʒ. i. the juice of Planten, and of Knotgrass and a little Goat's milk, as much as will suffice, putting in a little of Aca●●a, or the juice of Slose, or wild Plums beaten together in a mort●r, and then seethe it in a little pan, pouring in a few drops of vinegar, & when it is thick, r●ule it in a suppositer: Provided that your said suppositers be ℥ i in weight, and those be best, saith that learned man▪ Nicolaus Myrepsus, also his counsel is, to make them in length more than three fingers. Now shall I show you the manner of an other laxative suppositer, and so I will make an end of them.  
R. Mercury, and wormwood, dried and beaten in Powder, the rind of Colocinthida, Agarike, and Hierapicra, ana. ʒ. i. Common salt, or salt Peter ℈ iii and honey as much as will suffice, and then make your Suppositer.  Sickness. 
Oftentimes chance great perils among women, when as either Nature is to weak whereby Menstrual, terms are stopped, or the Child within the Belly dead, whereupon women oftentimes do dye, I pray you tell me some speedy remedy, and approved medicine that will so open the matrice, whereby the dead child may come forth, to help the Woman.  Health. 
THere is no better medicine, than this following, 
Opophalion is an excellent Emplaster, to deliver or bring forth a dead child from the mother.  called Opophalion. R. Rapeseed, Sal Niter, Elleborus, the white, and the black, Colocinthidis called coloquintida, Staphesacre ana. ʒ. iii. Scamonie ʒ. two. the juice of Elaterium, which is a wild cucumber, or Cucumeres anguini. ʒ. ii.ss. beat your dried things into powder, and put them into the Oil of Iroes, and the gall of an Ox or Bull, ana. ℥ iii mingled together with the powder of Carthamus. ʒ. iii. also dissolve in your said Oil Armoniac. ʒ. iiii. them stamp bitter Almonds. li. ss. with your foresaid receipts in a stone mortar, then spread it upon a piece of leather, and make a great broad plaster, and apply it upon the belly of a woman, for such a case as I have said, and it will work accordingly.  Sickness. 
How make you Pomatum?  Health. 
TAke of the fat of a young Kyd. li. i temper it with the water of Musk Roses, by the space of four days, then take fine apples, and dress them▪ and cut them in pieces, and lard them with Cloves, then boil them altogether in the same water of Roses, in one vessel of Glass, set within another vessel, let it boil on the fire so long until all be white, then wash them with the same water of Musk roses, this done, keep it in a glass and if you will have it to smell better, than you must put a little Civet or Musk or of them both, and Amber grice: gentlewomen do use this to make their faces smooth and fair, for it healeth cliffs in the lips, or in any other place of the hands and face etc.  Sickness 
How make you Rosata novella?  Health 
TAke of Roses, Sugar, Liquorice, ana. ℥. i.ʒ two. of cinnamon. ʒ two. ℈ iii of Cloves, Spicknard, Ginger, Galinga, Nutmegs, Setwal, Storax Calamita, Cardamomum, smallage, ana. ℈ i G. seven. make these in Powder. This powder stoppeth vomiting and casting of the stomach, it fortifyeth those which have been long sick, and letteth over much sweating.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus acetositatis citri?  Health 
TAke of the Tart and sour juice of Pomecitron. li. xii. seethe it in a vessel of Glass▪ on the coals with a soft fire, till the third part be consumed, then strain it, and let it stand till it be clear, and take of that which is clear. li seven. and then power, upon it fined julep li v. seethe these until they be thick, if it be in Summer, then let it stand in the Son till the water be consumed. This is a present remedy against all diseases, which come of gross humours, against the pestilence and all poisons, it doth also quench thirst.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus de Acetosa?  Health. 
TAke of the juice of sorrel clarified. li. iii of Sugar clarified. li. two. make of these your Syrup. This Syrup is good against Choleric persons, and Tertian Agues, the burning of the stomach and the heart. it is a singular remedy in plagues, and in Agues of corrupt humours.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus de Agresta labrusca, or unripe Grapes?  Health. 
FIrst make this syrup of unripe Grapes, as you did the syrup of Pomecitron. This cannot be made, but only in Summer, because the juice of the unripe Grape cannot be gotten, but at that tyme.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Calamyntes, or de Calaminta?  Health 
TAke both of the Garden and wild Calamyntes, ana. ʒ. ii· of Lovage, yellow Carots, Squinantum, ana. ʒ. v. of Raisins of Corans picked. li. ss. of honey li. two. and so make it, you must take. li. v. of Water, to boil your Raisins in them, than this being cast forth, take asmuch again, and let it seethe till the half be consumed, afterward put your Honey unto it, and make your Syrup accordingly. This Syrup is a present medicine against all diseases of the Spleen, and chiefly if it b●e made hard, it doth comfort those which have their inward and principal parts, Cold, or be short winded, or have any Cough, for it doth purge the stomach, breast, and Bowels marvelous well of gross and corrupt humours.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrup De menta?  Health. 
TAke of the juice of Quinces, and sour pomegranates, cast upon these juices of dry Mints. li. i. ss. of Rose leaves. ℥ ii let it stand a day and a Night. then set it over a soft fire, with honey & Sugar, until the half be consumed: mingle with your syrup the confection called Gallia Moschata to make them pleasant. This syrup is good for a cold stomach, it stoppeth vomiting, and the disposition unto it: it taketh away the hycket, and Flaxes, and cold or wind in the guts.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup de Absinthio?  Health. 
TAke of Wormwood. li. ss. of red Roses, ana. ʒ. two, of Spickenarde. ʒ. iii. of good old wine and new, of the juice of Quinces. ana. li. two. ss, let it stand a day and a night in a vessel of stone, then seethe it with a soft fire, till the half be consumed, with. li. two. of Honey, and then make the syrup. This is an excellent medicine to fortify the stomach, and to 'cause good appetite, to make strong the bowels and Liver, and chiefly when the diseases come of a cold cause, it helpeth also in hot diseases, if it be tempered with cold things.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Fumitarye?  Health. 
TAke of all the kinds of Mirobalans, ana. ʒ. xx. of the flowers of Borage, bugloss, and Violets, of Wormwood, Doder. ana. ℥ i of Liquorice, Roses, ana, ℥. ss. the flower of Garden Time, polypody. ana. ʒ. seven▪ of Prunes, a hundred, of Raisins of Corans piked, ana. l i ss. of the fruit Thamarind, Casiafistula, ana. ʒ. two. let these boil in li. x of water, till it come to li iii make your syrup with the juice of Fumitary, sodden, and sinned with. li. iii of Sugar, seething them according to the art. In this syrup making, you must observe this order, in putting of your Simples▪ because some require more time and some less, therefore first of all put in Polipodie, than Prunes▪ Raysens▪ Liquorice, Wormwood, Roses, Doder & Borage Flowers, afterward Uyolets, Mirobalans, Flowers of harder Time, Casiafistula, Thamaryndes, which after some physicians judgement should not boil, because they be very tender, how be it, other learned men think it best to put them in the latter end of the decoction, and so to suffer it to boil once, that it may the better be mixed with the other: and i● a man would contend, that soft and tender Simples do lose their moistness in boiling, than we must answer that they lose not their natural moistness but the unnatural and accidental, and you must also observe this order which followeth, if you will make your syrup well, when your decoction is made, then clarify your Sugar with well water, the which being sodden and clarified, put into it the juice of Fumitary, when it cometh nigh to the fashion of a Syrup.  
The same decoction must be sodden oftentimes, by little and little, till it shall be well and perfectly sodden, then put in your fruit Thamarinde and Casiafystula, and so make an end of your decoction. This syrup openeth, and taketh away all obstructions both of the Stomach, and of the Liver, and fortefyeth all the members, it cureth all the sores about the inward parts, which come of Salt, and burnt matter, as the scab, leapreie, and french Pocks.  Sickness. 
How make you sirupus de Fumoterrae simplex?  Health 
first take of the juice of Fumitarye, well fyned. li. iiii. of Sugar clarify● i.ii.ss. make a syrup this cleanseth the Liver.  Sickness. 
How make you a syrup of Liquorice?  Health. 
TAke of Lyquorice, ℥ ii of Maydenhayre. ℥ i dry Hyssop. ℥. ss. cast upon these. li. i of Water, and let it stand a Day and a Night, then seethe it till the half be consumed, this done, put these unto the decoction of Sugar, Honey, Penidyes ana, ʒ. viii. of Rose water. ℥ vii make of these a syrup. This is a present remedy against the pleurisy, old coughs, to purge the stomach and lungs.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrup of Hyssop?  Health. 
TAke of dry Hyssop, the root of smallage, Fenell, Liquerice, ana. ʒ. x. of barley the husk taken of. ℥. ss. of the seed of Malowes, the Gum Tragantum, the kernels of Quinces, ana. ʒ·iiii. of maidenhair. ʒ. vi. of juiubes, Sebesten, ana. xxx. of Raisins of Corans, picked. ʒ. xii. of Figs, Dates, ana x of white Penidies, l i two. make a Syrup. To this syrup making take. l i viii. of water and seethe it until it be come to three, then press it, and let it boil with Pendies. until it come to the form of a syrup and in making of it you aught to keep this order for your Simples first take juiubes Sebest. Raisins figs, Dates, the root of smallage, Fenell, than Barley, Malowseede, kernels of Quinces, the Gum Tragantum, Hyssop, Maidenhair. This syrup cureth diseases of the stomacke-the cough, Pleurisy, shortness of wind, and all griefs of the body.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus de Marubio?  Health 
FIrst take of green and young Horehound. ℥ ii dry Hyssop, Maydenhere, ana. ℥ vi Liquoris. ℥, i of Calamynt, Anisseede, 
A good medicine for old men to cleanse phlegm.  the roots of smallage, and Fenel, ʒ. v. of Mallows seed, fenugreek, Flowerdeluce, ana. ʒ. iii. of linseed, Kernels of Quinces, ana ʒ. two. of Raisins or Corans picked ʒ. v. figs xu of Penedies, li. two. of honey. li two. make of these your syrup, you must take to the making of this syrup. li. x. of water which shall boil till the half be consumed, because the honey and Penedies require much seething. This syrup cureth old coughs, long diseases of the Breast & Lungs, shortness of the wind, and chief in old men, if it come of Phlegmatic humour, gross, corrupt, and hard to be dissolved.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrup de Epythimo?  Health. 
FIrst take of harder Time of the garden. ʒ. xx. of the two first kinds of Mirobalans, ana ʒ. xv. of Doder, Fumirerre, ana ʒ. x. of Time, 
There be v. kinds of M●robalans, whose names be Citrine Chebuli, Indi. Bellerici, Emblici.  Buglose, Calaminte, the fourth and fift kind of Mirobalans, of Liquorice, Polipodie, Agarike, of Stycados. ana. ʒ. vi. of Roses, Fenell, Anisseede, ana, ʒ. ii.ss. of Raisins, of Coranns, ℥ four of Thamarinde, ʒ. two▪ ss. of. Sugar. li. iiii. and here you must put to the making of this. li. x. of water which must be sodden to three. li. this must be kept: Now as concerning the putting in of your Simples, first take Polipodie, Agarik, Raisins, Liquorice, Fenel, Anisseede, Sticados, Fumiterre, the Roses, Doder, bugloss, Myrobalans the stones taken out, and the Flowers of the harder Time, dissolve your Thamarinde in one part of the decoction, and let your Sugar boil with new wine, boiled to the third part, when your decoction shall be as thick as Honey, yet seethe it a little more, 
To help a common known malady both in England & France called the pox.  and in the end put in your Thamarinde, and let them boil once or twice, till they come to the thickness of a Syrup. This is approved medicine against the French Pocks, Cankers, falling of the hair, great and deep wounds, lepers and all diseases of Melancholy and burnt Choler. This doth purge marvelous well, if a man take thereof a good quantity, commonly we aught to take from. ℥, iiii. to vi.ʒ.  Sickness. 
How make you sirupus de Eupatorio?  Health. 
TAke of the roots of smallage, endive. ana. two, ℥ Liquorice, Squinantum, Doder, Wormwood Roses. ana. ʒ, vi. of Maydenhayre Carduus Benedictus the flower, of Roots of bugloss, Anisseede Fenel seed, Agrimony. ana ʒ. v. of Rhubarb, mastic. ana. ʒ. iii. of Spicknarde. Asarabacca, Folium Indicum, seethe them in. li. viii. of water, until the third part be consumed, and make a Syrup with. li. iiii. of Sugar, and with a sufficient quantity of Smallage, and Endive. This syrup is good in long Agues, chief to fortify the weakness of the Liver and Stomach, it cureth the dropsy, and evil Liking of the Body, old and almost uncurable sores, 
Against dropsy.  delivereth the Stomach from wind and coldness, it assuageth also the pain of the midref and swelling thereof.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Sticados?  Health. 
TAke of the flowers of Sticados. ʒ. xxx. Time, Calamint, Organy, ana. ʒ. x. of Anisseede, Pellitary of Spain, ana, ʒ. seven. long Pepper. ʒ. iii. Ginger ʒ. two. of Raisins, of Corans. ℥ iiii of Sugar, li. v. put also unto them these powders following, Cinnamon, Calamus Aromaticus, Saffron, Ginger black Pepper, long Pepper, ana, ʒ. i ss. bind them in a thin cloth, & hung them in the syrup. This hath been proved against all cold diseases of the sinews, as the Palsy, falling evil, cramp, shaking, writhing of the neck on the one side, rheums from the head to the breast, and doth comfort the stomach, and the inward parts of the body.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus de Violis or Uyolets?  Health. 
TAke. li. v. of the infusion of Violets, of Sugar clarified li. iiii. mingle them together, and seethe them with a soft fire, and keep them. This is a present medicine against hot Agues and heat of the Liver and heart, the pleurisy, dry coughs, the roughness of the wind pipe & throat.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup de papavere simp. or Poppye?  Health. 
TAke of the heads of white and black Poppy, ana. lx.ʒ. seethe them in li iiii. of Rain water until it come to li. ss. and with ℥ four of white Sugar, and Penidies make your syrup. This syrup causeth a man to sleep, and quencheth the thirst, it stoppeth rheums running to the breast and doth myttigate the pain, this is not so cold, as the compound Papaver  Sickness. 
How make you syrupus de papavere Compositus?  Health. 
TAke of white and Black poppy. ana. ʒ. l. of Maidenhayre. ʒ. xv. of Sugar. ʒ. v. of juiube twenty of Lettuce seed. ʒ. xl. of Malowes seed, of the kernels of Quinces ana. ʒ, vi, seethe them in. li. iii of water, until the half be consumed, then make your syrup with ℥ viii of Sugar and Penidies. This Compound syrup hath the same virtue, which the Simple hath, but it causeth great cold, and assuageth pain better. Mesue doth judge it to be good against a dry cough and a consumption.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrup of Mirtes compound?  Health 
TAke xx. Mirtes, of Saunders white and read, of Manna or sweet dew of heaven, the Flowers of wild pomegranates, Barberies, ana ʒ. xv. of Meddlers. ʒ. l. of well water. li. viii. boil them all to the half, then strain them, and put into the straining, the juice of pomegranates, & Quinces, ana. ℥ vi of Sugar clarified. li. iii mingle these, and seethe them until they come to the fashion of a syrup.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrup of Myrtes, simp.  Health. 
TAke of the juice of Myrtes, li. xii. seethe them in a vessel of Glass with a soft fire, until the third part be consumed, then strain it, and let it stand until it be clarified, then take li. viii. of that which is clarified, and put unto it. li, v. of Honey, seethe it, till it come to the thickness of a syrup. ʒ. i. if it be Summer, set it in the Sun, until the Water be consumed. This comforteth the Stomach, and all the inward parts, and cureth also an old Cough.  Sickness. 
How make you syrupus Acetosus simplex? y  Health 
TAke of good white Sugar li. viii and put it into a vessel of stone▪ and cast upon it. li. iii of clear well water, seethe it with coals, or else with a little fire, without smoke, always scumming it, seethe it, till it shallbe clear, and until the Water be half consumed. Then put unto it of Vinegar, of white wine very strong, li. iii seethe it until it be enough This is a present remedy against all hot diseases, subtle or gross matter▪ it provoketh urine, quencheth Choler, & doth extenuate and make gross things soft, and cleanseth stinking matter in the stomach.  Sickness. 
How make you syrupus Acetosus compositus?  Health. 
TAke of Well water li. x. put unto it the roots of Fenel, Smalage, Endive, ana. ℥ iii of Anisseede, Fenell seed, smallage seed, ana. ʒ viii. of Endive seed. ℥. ss. seethe them with a soft Fire, until they come to. li v. then strain it, and put to the decoction. li. iii of Sugar, let it be clarified as before, & mingle with it a sufficient quantity of Vinegar, according to the form of the syrup before. This Syrup purgeth gross humours, and phlegm, it scoureth and openeth Oppilations, and obstructions, which be about the Liver, Spleen, and reins.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup de succo Endiviae? or of Endive simplex.  Health. 
TAke the juice of Endive fyned. li. viii. of Sugar clarified. li. u.ss. make your syrup, seething. This is a principal medicine to assuage the heat of the Liver, the heart, and the other chief parts, and it cureth the pleurisy.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Endive compositus.  Health. 
TAke the juice of Endive and Fliworte. ana. li. iii these juices must be clarified, then take of Roses, Violets, Lettuce, Borage, Egrimon, ana. ʒ. ss. of Maydenhayre, Barley the husk taken of, of the four great cold seeds, ana. ℥ i of Sugar as much as will suffice, make the syrup, and powder it with white and read Saunders, Barberries, kernels of Quinces, lignum Aloes, Cinnamon, the rind of Pomeritrone, ana. ℈ i This assuageth the great heat of the liver and heart, and of the other principal parts, it is very good for all hot complexions, it loseth and openeth all oppilations, and obstructions, it doth comfort weak members which be troubled with heat, it doth also digest choleric, and sharp matter.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Succory, or Cichorii?  Health. 
TAke both of the garden and wild Succory, and of both Endyves, ana M.ii of Gourds, liverwort, white Endive, Lettuce Fumiterre Lupulus, ana. M. Barley the husk not taken of, Alcakengi, ana. ℥ four of Lyquorice, Maydenheere, Ceteracke, Tentworte, Dodder, ana. ʒ. vi. the roots of Fenel, Smallage, and sperage, ana. ℥ ii boil them in a sufficient quantity of Water and strain them, and make your syrup with good sugar, and for every pound of Sugar take ʒ. iiii. of rhubarb and ℈ iiii. of Spicknard bound in a thin cloth which shallbe often time pressed, till your Syrup be well sodden, the quantity that a man shall take at one time is. ℥ iii with the water wherein the four common cold seeds were strained.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Quinces?  Health 
TAke of the juice of tart Quinces, fyned, and clarified, parts ten Sugar parts two. make a syrup according. This stoppeth vomiting, quencheth the thirst, and doth comfort the stomach.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Nenuphar, or water Lilies?  Health. 
FIrst take. li. two. of the flowers of Nenuphar, and seethe them once, then press them, and put into the juice pressed, li. two. of Sugar, and seethe it till it come to the form of a syrup.  Sickness 
How make you syrup of Barberries.  Health 
FIrst take of the juice of Barberies fyned li. iii of Sugar clarified. li. iii make a syrup accordingly.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of tart pomegranates?  Health 
FIrst take of the juice of Pomgranettes. li. two. ss. of sugar clarified. li. iii make this syrup as before. This syrup is good against hot Agues of choler and phlegm.  Sickness. 
How make you syrupus de Bizantijs?  Health 
FIrst take of the juice of Endive and smallage, ana. li. two. of Hops, the garden or wild Borage, and bugloss, ana. li. i boil them once, and then strain and fine them, this done, take li. iiii. of the juice clarified, or fine Sugar. li. iii seethe it with a gentle fire, until it be thick as syrup. This is very good against Agues, which come of obstructions and of choler, of phlegm, and also the yellow jaundice.  Sickness 
How make you syrupus de infusione Rosarum viridium, or green Roses?  Health. 
first take of the infusion of young Roses. li. v. of Sugar. li. iii mingle them, and make a syrup. This is good for the thirst in burning Agues, and to assuage the heat, it doth comfort the Stomach, Harte, and Liver, being troubled with heat, it preserveth the Body from all corruption, and from the Pestilence, it resisteth poison.  Sickness. 
How make you syrupus de Rosis siccis? or dried Roses  Health. 
FIrst take you of the infusion of dry Roses, and sugar ana. li. two. mingle them and make a syrup. This doth comfort the stomach, and bind marvelous well.  Sickness 
How make you syrupus de succo rosarum?  Health. 
FIrst take the juice of Roses fyned. li. i. ss. of Sugar clarified. li. i. ss. make a syrup accordingly.  Sickness 
How make you syrupus de juiubis?  Health 
TAke ●x. juiubes, of Uioletes, Malowes seed, ana. ʒ. v. of Maidenheyre. ℥ i the kernels of Quinces seed, of white Poppy, Mallows, and Lettuce. ℥ i the gum Tragantum, ana. ʒ. iii. of Liquorice, Barley▪ the husk taken of, ana. ʒ. viii. seethe them in li. iiii. of Well water or else Rain water, until the half be consumed, then strain it, and put unto the juice strained. li. iii of Sugar clarified, make your syrup accordingly. This is very good against hoarseness of the voice, and the cough, the pleuresy and exulcerations of the bladder.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Maydenheire comp.  Health 
FIrst take of Maydenheire. M.ii of Tentworte, Ceteracke, ana. M.i. of juiubes, Liquorice, ana, ℥ ii, make a decoction, putting unto it. li. iii of Sugar, make your syrup, then take of Maydenhayre. li. iiii. of juiubes. li. iii liquorice ʒ. iii of sugar. li vi. and this syrup is judged to be the better. This purgeth gross humours, loseth and openeth obstructions▪ scoureth the reins, and cleanseth the breast of gross humours.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Maydenhayre symp.  Health 
FIrst take of the decoction of young Maydenhayre. li. iii of Sugar. li. i make your syrup.  Sickness 
How make you an other syrup of the same?  Health. 
FIrst take of Liquorice scraped. ℥ two. of Maydenhayre. ℥ .v. cast upon them, li. iiii. or Well Water, and so let them stand a day and a night, then boil them until the half be consumed, and strain them, and put unto the decoction ℥ viii of Sugar clarified, Penedyes and Maydenhayre, seethe it till it come to the form of a Syrup.  Sickness. 
How make you syrup of Mugwort?  Health. 
TAke of Mugwort. M.ii of Calamint, Folium indicum, savoury, Organy, Time, Quikebeme, Sticados, ana. M.i. of Camomile, Melilot, Mergeram, Roses, ana. ℥ i of Unguis odoratus Calamus Aromaticus ana. ʒ. iii of Spicknarde. ʒ. i. Germander, Motherwort Geloflowers, Sothernwodde, ana. M. ss Gladien, Horehound, Madder leaves, Siler Montan, ana ʒ. Azarabacca, Squinantum, Anisseede, ana. ʒ. vi. Fenel, Smalage, ana. ʒ. vi. boil them 〈◊〉 a sufficient quantity of water according to the art, then put unto them as much Honey as will suffice, and make your syrup. This is a present remedy to provoke the natural Terms in women being stopped.  Sickness 
How make you syrupus de Limonibus?  Health. 
TAke of the juice of Limondes. li. i. ss. of Sugar clarified. li. iii make your syrup. This is very good to consume gross and corrupt humours, and Worms, it assuageth heat in Agues. and purgeth raw humours.  Sickness. 
How make you Syrupus de Cetrach?  Health. 
TAke of Cetrach, Hartestonge, endive, Liverwort, wormwood, Sichory, ana. M. ss. of Dodder, linseed. ʒ i the four common great seeds, flowers of Borage, bugloss, Langdebiefe, ana. M.i. Maydenhayre, roots of Fenel, parsley, Kneeholme or Butcher's Broom, ana. M.i.ss. make your syrup, and cast on these powders, Folium indicum, Spicknarde, the gum Lacca, Casiafistula, ana ʒ. two. bind these in a thin cloth, and boil them in the syrup and reserve it. This doth comfort the Liver, scoureth the reins, and delivereth the spleen from all obstructions.  Sickness. 
Haw make you the syrup of bugloss?  Health. 
TAke of the infusion of the flowers of bugloss, or Langedebiefe. li. iii or Sugar li. two. make a syrup.  Sickness. 
How make you an other of the same.  Heatlh. 
FIrst take of the juice of bugloss, 
A present syrup for the stomach.  fyned. li. iiii. of Sugar. li. iii make your syrup. This syrup doth comfort the stomach, and maketh a man merry, it is also ministered against souning and fainting of the heart, and frensey.  Sickness. 
How make you Sapo Moschatus?  Health. 
TAke white Venice Sope. li. iiii. cut it into small pieces, and the powder of Cloves, juncus, Odoratus, Spicknard, white Saunders, ana, ℥ i ss the powder of Beniamen and fine Mastic, & Storax calamity, 
A very sweet● Bavic to cleanse the skin.  ana ℥ i ●ine Musk, G. xxx. Amber grease. G. xxiiii. Civet. G. xuj. put these in a mortar with some Rose Water, or else sweet compounded water: you may put in Oil of Bee●, or else a little oil of Almonds or juniper: and so make this sweet ball and wash therewith.  Sickness. 
How make you Theriaca Galeni?  Health 
TAke of Trochisci, Squillini or Scillini, ʒ. iii. of long Pepper. ʒ. two. Trochisci Theriaci. Diacorallion, ana. ʒ. i. of the wood of Balm. ℈ iii the juice of black Poppy, Agarik, wild Rapes seed, cinnamon, the juice of Balm, ana, ℈ ii of rhubarb, Saffron, Spicknard, Yereos, Roses, Calamus, Cost, Squinantum Ginger, Cassia lignea, Storax, calamity, Mirre, Turpentyne washed, 
Nicholas prepost●us doth put in white Copeta.  white Frankincense, Calamint, Diten, Sticados, wild Time, roots of Sinkfolly, parsley, white Pepper, ana ℈ ii Folium Indicum, gum, Arabyke, Serapin. Terra Sigillata, Hipocistis Spicknard, Gladium, Germander, Gentian, wild Fenell, the seed of Balm, smallage, Amomum, Fenel, wild Carowayes, Siler montan, Cresses, Anisseede, S. Ihons' herb, wild Aspaltum, which is a thing compounded and made of Iewes Pitch, Castor Opopanax, Galbanum, Mummy, Centauri, Aristologia longa, wild yellow carets, ana. ℈ i, of Honey, as much as will suffice, This is judged to be the chief and principal of all medicines because it bringeth quietness, 
This is a treacle of an incomparable virtue against poison, pestilence and venom.  and doth cure the greatest diseases and griefs in every part of the body, as the falling sickness, and insensibility, which is a disease, when a man can neither move, feel, nor understand, it healeth convulsions, the head ach, pain of the stomach, Megrim, hoarseness of the voice, and straightness of the breast, shortness of wind, diseases of the wind pipe, spitting of Blood, yellow jaundice, dropsy, and the diseases of the Liver, Iliaca passio, wounds exulcerated in the Bowels, frenziness, the stone, it provoketh the Terms stopped, and delivereth Women of dead Children, it cureth Lepreys, mesels, and old diseases: It is a present remedy against cold, and all poisons, stinging of venomous beasts, and here you must understand, that the quantity aught to be changed in ministering of it, according to the quanty, and quality of every disease, this doth refresh also and comfort the senses, heart, brain, Liver, stomach, and doth keep all the body, safe, and pure from all corruption.  Sickness. 
How make you Trifera?  Health. 
TAke the juice of black Poppy. ʒ. two. of cinnamon, Cloves, Galynga, Spicknarde, Set wall, Ginger, cost, Storax Calamita, Calamus Aromaticus, Cipres, Flowerdelice, Worm seed, Gladien, Mandrake, Spicknarde, Roses, Pepper, Anisseede, Smallage seed, parsley, yellow Carotes', Hennebane, Comine, Basell, of Honey, as mucthe as will suffice. This is a present medicine against all inward diseases of Women, and against the pain of the Stomach, taken with decoction of Anisseede and mastic: It cureth also all diseases of the Matrice, which come of cold, taken with wine, wherein Muggeworte was sodden, and if you make a round thing of silk, or wool, to seen after the fashion of a finger, and anoint it with the Oil of a Wesel, or such other Oil, & put it into the Matrice, them it will move the flowers of women which do not conceive. It is also a singular remedy for children, which speak in their sleep, or can not sleep, if it be taken with wine, wherein Mandrake or Elder hath been sodden: it will also help them, if it be taken with women's Milk, according to the quantity of the little grain Cicer.  Sickness. 
How make you Diatrion Sandalon?  Health. 
FIrst take of white, red, and yellow Saunders, of sugar. ana, ʒ. two. some Poticartes, take Fleawort for sugar, which is though to be better. And Galen doth make composition, after this sort. Take of rhubarb, Spodie, Liquorice, Purselin seed, ana. ʒ. i.ss. of Amile, Gum Arabyke, Tragantum, of the four common great seeds, white Endive seed, ana. ℥ i ss. of Camphor ℈ i so put unto these four times as many Roses, as of all the other, and of the syrup of Roses as much as will suffice. This doth cure the pain of the Liver and stomach, and those which be in a Consumption, or have the yellow jaundice.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci Diarhodon Abbatis?  Health. 
TAke of Roses, lignum Aloes. ʒ. two. of mastic ʒ. i.ss. Wormwood, cinnamon, Spicknard, Cassia lignea, Squinantum, ana. ʒ. i. make your balls with old wine, and with the decoction, of the common roots as Smallage, Percely, Lovage. These Balls be very good against old Agues, and those which come of divers causes, against the quotidian, & all other Agues, by the which the beauty and form is corrupt, and this is put into great confections saith Nicholas,  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci de violis?  Health 
TAke of the young flowers of white Violets. ʒ. v. of Amilum. ʒ. iii. the seed of white Poppy ʒ. iii. of rhubarb. ℈ .v. the seed of Planteyne. ʒ. i. of Balm. ℈ i of Rose water, as much as will suffice, make it after the form of the balls before, this is not used, but when it is mingled with other compositions.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Squilla?  Health. 
FIrst take one whole Squilla, and bake it well in paste and cast away the outward rind, beat the substance of Squilla in a Mortar, and put unto it as much of the fine flower of Orobus, & temper it with wine and Honey, and if you have not Orobus at hand, then take asmuch bread, well and finely broken: make your little balls, and dry them in the Sun. Some Apothecaries, take in this confection one part of Squilla, and two parts of Barley flower.  Sickness. 
Haw make you Trochisci theriaci?  Health. 
FIrst take a young Adder, of the length of a span, with red eyes, a shaking tongue, and horns like the grain Sesamum, cut a-away the head and tail, about three fingers, that which is in the mids must be dressed, the skin taken of, and the inward parts cast away, wash it often in sweet water, and seethe it so long, till the flesh fall from the back bone, and temper the flesh and the juice of it together, put unto it as much of Orobus, or of Bread, make little balls of the weight of. ʒ. ss. dry them in the shadow. These be not taken, but when they be used with other great compositions, except it be in curing the Leapreie.  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci Diacorallion  Health. 
TAke of red Coral, cinnamon, Myrrh, Amomum, Popy ana. ʒ. iiii of Squinantum, Saffron, ana. ʒ two. of Calamus Aromaticus, the wood of Balm, Casiafistula, Folium indicum, mastic, wild Time, Ualerian, Azarabacca, herb Robert, ana. ʒ. i. and these being first made in powder, form your little balls with wine. These are a present remedy to staunch the bloody flux, they do also fortify the stomach, and 'cause good digestion.  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci de Camphire?  Health 
TAke of Rose leaves ʒ. iiii. of Spodie. ʒ two of yellow Saunders, ʒ. ii.ss. of Saffron. ʒ. two. of Liquoryce. ʒ. two of lignum Aloes, Cardamom, Amilium, Camphor, ana. ℈ i of Sugar, of Manna, or sweet dew, ana. ʒ. two. make your balls with the sappy part of Fleawort, and Rose water. These be very good in hot Agues, and to quench the thyrstines and burning of red Choler, or Blood: it assuageth the heat of the Stomach, Liver, of all the inward parts, it cureth the yellow jaundice and those which are in a consumption.  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci de Alcachengi?  Health 
TAke of the Berries of Alchachengi, three of the four greater cold seeds, ana. ʒ. iii, ss. of Bolearmoniacke, Gum Arabyke, white frankincense, Dragon's Blood, white poppy bitter Almonds, Liquorice, Tragantum, Amilum, the kernels of Pyneaples, ana. ʒ. vi. of smallage seed, Amber, Henbane, the juice of black Poppye, ana. ʒ. two, make your Balls with the sappye juice of the Berries of Alchachengi▪ These be 〈◊〉 present medicine against Exculcerations in the reins, and the bladder, and the pain in pissing.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Myrrah  Health. 
TAke Myrrh ʒ. two. of Lupus ʒ. v. the Leaves of Rue, wild Mint Penerial, Comine, Mader, Pellitary of Spain, Serapin, Opopanar, ana. ʒ. two. make balls of the weight of. ʒ. two. of which let the patient take. ʒ. i. on the day time, in the water wherein juniper seed was sodden. These be so strong a medicine, to purge the terms in women, that they will 'cause the child to descend: if they use them often, the terms shall be moved very well: also in boxing the Crooking, and bowing of the ham, or in cutting the veyn, which lieth by the ankle, you may also use boxing about the thighs.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Musco?  Health. 
TAke of the Wood of Aloes, ʒ v of Amber ʒ two. of Musk. ʒ. i. the gum of Tragantum, with Rose water as much as will suffice to temper them together, so make your balls. These do comfort the stomach, heart, and liver, and be used with great medicines.  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci de Rubarbaro?  Health. 
TAke of rhubarb. ʒ. x. the juice of Egremony. ʒ. iiii. of Roses. ʒ. iii. of Spicknard, Anisseede. Madder, smallage seed, worm wood, Azarabacca. ana, ʒ. i. bitter Almonds. ʒ. iiii. make your balls of the weight of. ʒ. ss. These do assuage the pain of the Liver, and do deliver it from obstructions, they cure inward impostumes, old griefs, the dropsy, and yellow jaundice, and resstore good colour, to drink them is a present remedy for those which be of evil liking or in consumption. Many Physicians do use them in hot Agues, and when the body beginneth to fall into consumption.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Spodio?  Health. 
TAke the read Roses. ʒ. xii. of Spody ʒ, x. of sorrel seed. ʒ. vi. of Purslayne seed, of Coriander seed, infused in vinegar and afterward dried the rind of the Frankincense tree, ana. ʒ two. Amile made in powder, the flowers of wild pomegranates, Barberies ana. ʒ. two. gum Arabyke made in powder. ʒ. i. make these with the juice of unripe grapes. These Baules taken with the juice or seeds of sorrel be very good against Agues of Choler, which have a continual flux, they assuage the burning of the stomach and liver, and quench also the thirst and dryness.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Absynthio?  Health. 
TAke of Roses, Wormwood, Anysseede, ana ʒ▪ two. of rhubarb, the juice of Egrimony, Azarabacca, smallage, bitter almonds, Spicknarde, Mastic, Folium indicum, ana ʒ. i. make your balls with the juice of Endive. These be good in long Agues, and deliver the stomach and liver from obstructions, and strengthen the principal parts and do cause good appetite, if they be drunken in long Agues they profit very much.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de Eupatorio  Health. 
TAke of Manna or sweet dew, the juice of agrimony, ana. ʒ i, of Roses ʒ i ss. of Spicknard, ʒ. iii. of rhubarb Azarabacca, Anisseede, ana ʒ. two of Spodie. ʒ. iii.ss. make your balls with the juice of Egrimonye. These be necessary against long Agues, and the cold and shaking of them, against obstructions of the Liver and spleen, and inward impostumes, the yellow jaundice, and the dropsy, if they be taken at the beginning.  Sickness. 
How make you Trochisci de terra sigillata?  Health. 
TAke of Dragon's blood, gum Arabike made in powder, Civet, Rose seed and leaves, Amylum made in powder, Spody, Acatia, Hipoquistis, the stone which doth staunch blood, the flowers of the wild Pomgarnet, Bolearmonye, Terra sigillata, Hempseede, Cokel, Pearls, Amber, ana. ʒ. two. Tragantum, black Poppy. ana ʒ i ss. Purslein seed made in powder. Frankincense, Oak apple, Saffron, ana. ʒ. two. make your balls with the juice of plantain. These be excellent balls to staunch spitting of blood, and chief if they be taken with the water of plantain: if the forehead be therewith anointed, they stop the secret terms. and to conclude, they stop the Flux, if so be that the place be therewith anointed.  Sickness 
How make you Trochisci de Amber?  Health. 
first take of Amber. aure, vi. of Hearts horn made in powder, gum Arabyke Coral in powder, Tragantum, Acatia, Hypoquistis, the flowers of wild Pomgarnets', Mastic the gum of Laudanum washed, black Poppy made in Powder, ana, aure. ss. make these up with the slimy juice of Fleaworte·  Sickness. 
How make you Tela Galteri●?  Health. 
TAke of common salad Oil. l i.i. of Ceruse. ℥ four of Litarge. ℥ iii Myrrh ℥. ss. make these like a sear cloth, which is made of wax. This doth heal and dry up sores.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Apostolicum.  Health. 
TAke of Turpentine, white Wax and Rosen. ʒ. xiiii. Opopanax, the powder of Brass, ana ʒ. iii Amoniacum. ʒ. xii. Aristolochia Rotunda, white Frankincense, ana. ʒ. vi. Myrrh. Galbanum, ana. ʒ. iiii. Opopanax, Uerdegres. Bdellium. ʒ. vi. of Litarge. ℥ ix, infuse your Bdellium in good Vinegar, and so dissolve it, and seethe it in Summer with. l i two. of oil, in Winter in three. This cureth easily old Fistulaes', swelling, and hard kernels, it eateth away dead flesh, and cleanseth the Wound.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Rosarum?  Health. 
TAke of young swine's grease, as much as you will, and wash it in hot water ix times, and as often in cold, then stamp it with a great quantity of young Roses, and let it stand by the space of seven days, afterward seethe them with a soft fire, and strain them, then take again as many Roses, and stamp them with the grease and so let them stand by the space of vii days, then cast upon them one part of the juice of Roses, and of the oil of Almonds vi parts, seethe all together with a soft fire unto the juice be consumed, and if you will put unto this unguentum Rosarum a little quantity of Opium, than it will prove a very excellent medicine to cool heat, and to anoint the back▪ with all,  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum basilicum maius.  Health. 
TAke of white wax, Rosen, Talow of a Cow, dry Pitch, the Greek pitch, the fat of the belly of the Seal, fine Frankincense, Myrrh, ana. ℥ vi of liquid or moist pitch. ʒ. iii. of all the other ana. ℥. ii.ss. This is a present ointment against wounds inflamed and wounds in the sinews, it doth cleanse them and bring new flesh again. The learned Surgens, think this ointment aught not to be laid to hot sores or wounds, because it is of his nature also hot, and so shall 'cause greater inflammations, wherefore use it rather in wounds without all inflammations of heat.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum aureum?  Health. 
FIrst take of yellow wax. ℥ vi good Oil. l i.ii.ss. Turpentine, ℥, two. Rosen dried, Pitch, ana. ℥. i.ss. fine Frakensence, mastic. ana. ℥ i Saffron. ʒ. i. make your ointment. This hath been proved for to heal bruises and strokes.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum basilicum minus▪  Health. 
FIrst take of Rosen, Pitch, Wax and Oil as much as will suffice, and make your ointment.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Populeon?  Health. 
TAke buds of Poplar tree. l i.i.ss. black Popie, Mandrake leaves, the b●ddes of Bramble, Henbane, Dwale, Stoncrope, Lettuce, Howseleke. Burr. Uyolettes, Maydenhayre, ana ℥ iii of young fresh swine's grease l.ii.l.ii. dry all your herbs and boil them with the grease, and so make your ointment accordingly. This is good to anoint the temples, pulses, the palms of the hands and the sooles of the feet in hot Agues.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Martiaton?  Health. 
FIrst take of white wax. l.ii.l.ii. of oil. l.viii of Rosemary, of bay leaves, ana. ℥ viii of Rue. ʒ. viii. of Quickebene. ℥ vii of savin, Watermints, Sage, Basell, wild time, Calamint, Mugwort, Enula Campana, Gelouflowers, Brankursine, goose grease, Paritorie, Pimpirnell, Egremony▪ Wormwood, Primrose, Borage, young Buds of Elder, Orpin, Millefolie, Houslyke, Germaunder, Centaury, Strawberry leaves, Synckfoly, herb judaice ana. ʒ. iiii. the root of Holy oak, Coming, Myrtell, ana. ℥ iii of fenugreek. ℥. i.ss. of fresh butter. ℥. i.ʒ.ii. of Nettles, Violets, read popy, of the third kind of Mints, of Balm, dock Maydenhayre, Walethistle or Carduus Benedictus, Woodbine, Ualerian, herb Robert, Sorrel de Bois, Hearts tongue, Ox eye, Camphire, Storax, Dearesuet, ana. ℥. ss. Mastyke, and fat of a Bear, and of a whelp, ana. ℥ i of Frankincense. ℥. ss. oil of Spyke. ʒ. two. let all your herbs be gotten in May, in one or two Days together, if it may be, and from iii of the clock in the morning until xii then stamp all your herbs together and infuse them in sweet wine vii days on the eight day seethe them over a soft fire, and when your wine doth begin to consume, then put in your Oil and boil them all together until your herbs begin to consume, then strain them, and cast away the herbs, and set the juice strained on the fire again, and when it boileth, put in Storax, and soon after the Butter and the Grease, the oil of Spike, Mastyke, Frankincense, Wax, and when the Wax is melted, then take it from the fire, stirring it always till it shallbe thick, and then reserve it. This is a singular ointment for a cold headache, the pain of the breast and stomach, and against hardness of the breast, the spleen and the liver, it cureth, Iliaco passio, if the place be anointed with the Ointment hot, it healeth the Palsy, the ache of the hip, and the Gout in the feet, the frenzy, swelsynges hardened kernels, the Cramp, the convulsions, and all other aches of cold.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum aregon?  Health. 
TAke Rosemary. Mergeram, the root of wake Robin, or Kucko prick, wild Time, Rue, wild Cucummer roots, ana. ℥. iiii.ss. of bay leaves, Sage, Savin, ana. ʒ. iii. of Horsemints, Laureola ℥ ix of Brionie roots ℥ iii of Neppe, wild cucumber leaves, ana, l.ss. of mastic Frankincense, ana. ʒ. viii. of Pelletarie of Spain, Euphorbe, Ginger, Pepper, ana. ℥ i oil of Wesel. ℥. ss. Olei Petroli, the Grease of a Bear▪ oil of Bay, ana ℥ iii of Butter. ℥ four of Salet Oil▪ l.u.l.u. of Wax, l.i.l.i. ℥ iii gather your herbs in May, and use all other things, as in the ointment before. ● stamp them well and lay them in oil in a Mortar by the space of vii days, and on the eight day set it on the fire vn●yli the herbs go down to the bottom, afterward strain them and then set the juice strained on the fiec again, and when it beginneth to boil, put in your oil of Bay, Butter, the bears grease and wax, the which being melted, put in mastic, Frankincense, at the last▪ Ginger, Pepper, Pelletarie of Spain, Euphorbe, and when they be well sodden, then take all of and reserve it. This cureth cold aches anointed after this fashion, take an Eggshell and warm the ointment in it at the fire, then anoint the place, when the place is anointed, lay also the shell unto wherein the ointment was warmed. It helpeth the Cramp and convulsions, and when a man is so stiff for cold that he can not move his Neck: it is good against ache ●and pain in the hip and joints, and against a quarten Ague, if so be the backbone be therewith anointed before the fit come.  Sickness. 
Haw make you unguentum Dialthaea?  Health. 
FIrst take of Holioke roots. l.ii.l.ii. of Linseede, fenugreek, ana l.i.l.i. of Squilla l.ss. of Oil. l.iiii. of Wax. l.i.l.i. of Turpentine, 
To cure aches in the joints, coming of cold.  the gum of ivy, Galbanum, ana. ℥ ii of Colophonie. Rosen ana. l.ss. wash the roots well, and beat your fenugreek, Lineseede●, and Squilla altogether, afterward put them all into. l.vii.l.vii. of water, by the space of three days. and on the fourth day, boil them till they be thick: then put them softly into a bag and strain them, putting unto them a little hot Water, to 'cause the juice to strain the better, after this take. l.ii.l.ii. of that juice, and boil it with oil, until the juice be consumed: Then put in the wax and when it is melted, put in Turpentine, Galbanum, Gum of ivy, and at last Powder of Rosen, and dry Pitch, when it is thick, take it from the fire, and make your ointment. This assuageth pain of the stomach of cold, and the Pleurisy, if you anoint the place thererewith, it doth also bring heat, mollifieth and causeth moistness.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Agrippae?  Health. 
TAke of Brionie roots l.ii.l.ii. the roots of wild cucumber and Squilla. ℥ vi of Flowerdelice. ℥ four of fern roots. ℥ ii of Walwort, & Seathistell ana. ℥ ii wash the roots twice or thrice & beaten them in a mortar of Marble, than put them into. l i iiii. of oil Olive, and Mastic. l i two. by the space of seven days, to increase the better their heat, savour and efficacy, boil them on the eight day, until the roots be soft, then strain them, 
An ointment against the Dropsy and swelling.  and when they be strained, set them on the fire again, and when it beginneth to boil, take. ʒ. xv. of white Wax, and when it is melted, take it from the fire, and make an ointment of it, when it is cold. This is a present remedy against the Dropsy, and all swellings, in what part so ever they be: it assuageth pain in the sinews, provoketh urine, causeth a man to be laxative, and cureth pain in the rains of the back.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum diapompholigos?  Health. 
TAke of oil of Roses. ℥ ten of white Wax. ℥ .v. of the juice of Nyghteshade berries. ℥ viii of white Lead. ℥ four of common Lead made in powder, of Tuthie a kind of Lead, ana. ℥ i of Frankincense, ℥ i make those simples in powder, which be fit to be made in powder, seethe the juice of nightshade, with the Oil of Roses, until the juice be consumed, then mingle the wax with the powders, 
Erysipelas to a read inflammation in the body, with a Fever or horror.  and beat them in a mortar, and then make your ointment. This drieth Erysipelas and old stinking soars in the Legs and Thighs.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum de Enula campana?  Health. 
TAke of Enula campana roots sodden in Vinegar, and afterward well dried. 
anointment against extreme itch, scabs, and Pox.  l.i.l.i. of swine's grease, oil Olive, ana. ℥ iii of new wax. ℥ i of sal● made in powder. ℥. ss of quick Silver, & Turpentine washed, ana. ℥ ii make this ointment accordingly.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum contra Scabiem?  Health. 
TAke of swines grease. ℥ v▪ oil of Bay, Quick Silver sleked, of Wax washed, 
Another for the same.  of Frankincense made in powder, ana. ℥ ii of Salt. ℥ vii of the juice of Planteyn and Fumiterre, asmutch as you judge sufficient. Make it after this fashion, set the juices with the wax, oil of Bay, and Swine's grease on the fire, and let them boil until all be melted, then put to Salt, Frankincense, mastic, and boil them all until the juice be consumed. Then take them from the fire, and put unto them the Quicksilver ●●eked as you did in the other Ointment before and so use it. This is a very strong Ointment and therefore you must take diligent heed, lest that you touch any principal Member with the Ointment, because of your quick Silver, you must also mingle a great quantity of mastic with it.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum pro pueris scabiosis?  Health. 
FIrst take of Terebintyne washed. ℥ three of Butter washed. ℥ two of salt ℥ i of the juice of Pomecitrons, the yolks of four Eggs, of Oil of Roses. ℥ i mingle all these together, and make an ointment.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum desiecatiwm Rubrum?  Health. 
TAke the stone called lapis Calaminaris, of terra Sigillata ana. ℥ four Litharge of Gold, white lead. ann. ℥ four of Camphor. ℥ i of Wax. ʒ. v. oil of Roses, oil of Uyolets. ana. ℥ uj make the Ointment accordingly. This will dry moist humours.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum contra Lumbricos?  Health. 
TAke of bitter Almonds, and the juice of peach leaves, and Motherwort, ana. ℥. ss. of Roses, Lupine flowers, the powder of Hearts horn. ana. ʒ. i. of Aloes succotrine. ʒ. ij. some put unto these. ʒ. ij. of Ox Galls. Take a little quantity of Uynegar, and as much Honey as will suffice, this applied to the Belly, will kill Worms.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Resumptiuum?  Health. 
TAke of swines grease. ℥ four of Hen's grease, Goose grease, & Ducks grease. ana ʒ. ij. of Hyssop. ℥. ss. oil of Uyolets, Camomile and Dill ana. ℥ ii of fresh Butter. l.i.l.i. of white Wax. ℥ vi of Tragagantum, of the slimy sap of the kernels of Quinces, Lintseede, and Holyoke, of Gum Arabike, ana. ℥. ss. mingle them together and make an Oyntmentment.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Album?  Health. 
TAke of Oil olive. l.ii.l.ii. of fine white Lead. l.i white Wax. ℥ vi some Apothecaries put to these. ʒ. two. of Camphire, make the Ointment according.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Matritum?  Health. 
FIrst take of lethargy of Gold. ℥ iii of Salet Oil. l.ss. of vinegar. ℥ iii make the Oyntmen in a Leaden Mortar accordingly: This cooleth, and drieth, and killeth Itch.  Sickness 
How make you unguentum Aegyptiacum?  Health, 
FIrst take of the Flowers of Brass, called Uerdigreace. ℥ .v. of honey. ℥ xiiii of strong vinegar. ℥ vii seethe them until they be thick, and make your Ointment. This is a singular good Ointment against old Wounds and Fystulaes', which stand in need of cleansing. It doth also ear away dead Flesh, and purgeth also from all corruption.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Citrinum?  Health. 
TAke of Borar which is a kind of Salt Peter. ʒ. two. of Camphire. ʒ. i. of white Coral. ℥. ss. of Sea glass burnt. ℥ i of the Gum Tragagantum, Amilum, Merbull, Crystal, of fine Frankincense & white, of Salt peter, ana. ʒ. iii. of white Marble. ʒ. two. of Serpentarie, white Lead. ʒ. vi. make it after this fashion: stamp your Tragagantum, and the Marbull stones in a Mortar with an Iron Pestle, stamp the other alone in the same Mortar, and searce them through a Sign with a fine cloth, with. l.of fresh swines grease, and goats grease, and of Hen's grease. ℥ i These greases must be put into a Skyllet, or some other such like vessel, the which vessel ought to hang over the Fire, in a Cauderne full of water, let the water in the Caulderne so boil that the grease may be melted, by the heat of the water in the Caulderne. When the grease is melted, strain it through a fine cloth into a Dish, & put unto it all the powders, except Camphor and Borax, stirring it continually, until all go together on a lump. This done, mingle with it two Pomecitrons or more, stirring it all ways, & when it beginneth to boil, put in Camphor and Borax, it must be continually stirred till it be cold, after that it be taken from the fire the which done, make the ointment. And here you must note that one pound of powder, will require. l.viii. of grease.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Neapolitanum?  Health. 
FIrst take of Oil of Camomile, Dyll, Spicknarde and Lilies, ana. ʒ. ij. of swines grease and the fat of Veal. 
These Ointments be good for the butts of Naples, Soars, Aches. etc.  ana. l.i.l.i. of Euphorbe. ʒ. v. of Frankincense. ʒ. x. Oil of Bay. ℥. i.ss grease of Uyper. ʒ. ii.ss. of quick Frogs of earth Worms washed in Wine. ʒ. iij.ss. juice of walwort, and Enula Campana roots. ana. ʒ. ij. of Squmantum, Stichados, and of Motherwort, ana. M.ii of sweet Wine. l.ii.l.ii. boil them all together until the Wine be consumed, then strain them & put unto the straining, Litharge of gold. l.i.l.i. of Terebintyne washed. ℥ ii make this Ointment or sercloth with white Wax, putting unto it, when it is almost sodden. ℥ j ss. Stacte, or of the saftest & tenderest part of Myrrh, them take it from the fire & stir it till it be lukewarm, after this put unto it. ℥ four of Quycksiluer sleked with your spettell, stirring it till the quicksilver be run together on a lump with other Simples, and so make your Ointment.  Sickness. 
How make you Another. & c?  Health. 
TAke of Oil of Spyke. ℥ i Olei de Tartaro, Oil of Bay, Olei Petrolei, and swines grease, ℥ four of Frankincense. ℥. ss. of Euphorbe. ʒ. i.ss the ointment of Holioke, and of Agrippa, ana. ℥ i of quicksilver. ℥ four mingle all together and make your Ointment.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum Galeni?  Health. 
TAke of white Wax. l.i.l.i. oil of Roses. 
A good cold● unguentum.  l.iij. let these be melted all together, and washed well and oft with cold water, until they be white, it were the better that they be washed with a little vinegar.  Sickness. 
How make you unguentum ad Combustionem ignis, to heal burning with fire?  Health. 
IT is an Ointment which I have oftentimes proved to help many, whose virtue excelleth in healing the flesh, 
An ointment for burning.  when it is combust or burnt with Fire, and it must be thus made. Take of the Rind or tender bark of Elder, & the Pythias or Cork of the same Elder. ana. ℥ ij, boil it in three pints of water until half be consumed, then strain it and put in Oil of Nuts. ℥ four and seethe it softly in a close vessel until your water be wasted, then put in new clean clarified Wax. ℥ two mingle them together, and so is your Ointment made.  Sickness. 
How make you Sugar Roset?  Health. 
TAke fine Sugar and dissolve it with Rose water, and seethe it well, then cast it on a Marble stone, till it be cold and hard, afterward cut it in great pieces. Thus you may also make Sugar Uyolet, & bugloss.  Sickness. 
I Have been troubled with a bloody flyx many a long day, 
Here 〈…〉 describeth the flux with the effects.  with painful turments in my Guts, and running out of yellow Choler, excoriation. or as I think the scraping of my Guts, with pouring out of blood, my body is clean wasted, my flesh consumeth, I cannot tell what to do, I take no rest in my bed, I have a continual dryness, this pain hath brought unto my mind, an infinite number of cares, & miserable afflictions of the soul: I have been with many, I have sought every where for help, but I have found none. I pray thee, dear Health, bestow upon me some worthy medicine which may recover me, and heal me of this sore, & great disease.  Health. 
This assure yourself, I have helped many, and hindered none that have used it, for I myself have oftentimes proved it, even so do you. Take the juice of Planteyn, of Knotgrass, 
A Clyster to stop that bloody flux.  of Sheapperds' purse, of Nightshade, of Ribwort, the water of Roses. an. ʒ, two the whites of three Eggs, the seed of Rise, the flowers of pomegranates, the rind of pomegranates, the wild white Rose, finely beaten in powder and searced, ana. ℈ ii Acatia. ʒ.i. clarified Ox tallow▪ ℥ ii goats milk pynte ss. seethe all these together, then put in Terra Sigillata fine in powder. ʒ. i.ss put these all into your Clyster bladder, and receive it luke or more than blood warm in at your fundament, and lie down upon your bed and rest, having the lower parts of your belly warm anointed with Oil of Rue: and afterward take Wormwood, Sothernewood, Rose leaves, savoury, Puleole, Rosemary, ana. M. the berries of Myrtels, the powder of the bark of pomegranates, ana. ℥ ii wheat Bran. M.ii seethe all these in rain water, and white wine, ana. l i iiii. until p●●t be consumed, then with warm clotheses be washed, 
Bullein● hath used this oftentimes to his friends.  and after apply all these things to your reins of your back and belly, then drink Read wine, wherein tart plumbs have been sodden, Planten water, and unripe Mulberries: and this is mine advice, Sickness, to make the whole, for with this I have helped many withal.  Sickness. 
How make you an Epithema to stop the flux.  Health. 
I Shall teach you a very good wholesome Epithema, which hath helped many a hundred make it and prove it as occasion shall move thee. Take a Linen bag a foot square, put therein Read Rose leaves, read Briar leaves, Myrtyll berries with the leaves, Polei of like quantity to fill this bag, according to greatness of the body so make this Bag, but commonly xii inches is used, let this seethe in Read wine, them apply it to the belly very warm, and make it warm again, yea ten or▪ xii. times, and keep it to the belly: and sometime there appeareth knots like little Figs in the neither parts, through the abundance of humours, in such cases: with a Sponge wash that place often times with the decoction of the Epithema aforesaid, and dry Mulberries, and Briar berries which be scant ripe, make them into powder and burn Hogs hair, and the ashes thereof put into this powder, and viii grains of Mastic in powder, cast or rub your sore placee therewith, 
Epithema to stop Fluxes.  four times a day, and hereafter followeth a most excellent Epithema for that same purpose. Take Gum Arabike, Frankincense, mastic, Aloes flava or yellow, ana. ʒ. two. Dragons or man's blood, the stone called Hematist. ana. ʒ. i ss. the burnt powder of the clove of a Crab or any shell fish. ℥. ss. with two hard roasted Eggs, this gum dissolved with a little Read wine tempered with the rest of these powders and Eggs, make them warm and in a linen long bag apply it to the reins, and so make it warm between two platters upon the Coals, and give the sick Theriaca. ʒ i. mingled with Read wine. ℥ iiii. warm to drink at that present time, and this will stop any extreme flux: if you will make a glister to help the colic or wind in the Guts, 
A Clyster for the colic.  Take Hyssop, Centauri, ana. ℥ i▪ and one good-white Colaquintida, seethe it in a close vessel in two quarts of Water until half be wasted, then strain it, and take a pint or more of this decoction, 
This did doctor Mansfield use to his▪ pa●ients at Norwiche, many ●ymes.  and put thereunto oil of Rue. ℥ i and warm let it be ministered, if this be somewhat weak to a very strong body, add to this honey. ℥ i Hyena simplex▪ ʒ. i. and common Salt, ℥. i.ss.  Sickness. 
How make you Collyria which be used for sore eyes?  Sickness. 
How make you Collyria which be used for sore eyes?  Health? 
THey be made of two kinds, 
Collyrium, Sieff.  the one liquid or moist called Collyrium, the other dry, made in form of a Sugar loaf, called Sief, but in weight not. ʒ. ss. and of them speaketh Galen, lib. 4. medic. localium cap. 4. and Paulus Aegineta in libro septimo. Cap. 16. They be made of juices liquors, seeds, fruits, parts of Plants, Metals etc. But I will show thee how to make some for the comfort of eyes: and first when the eyes begin to be sore, hot, read, dim. etc. Take the white of an Egg well beaten, and oftentimes drawn through a strainer with the like quantity of clean Rose water, and Planten water mingled together, and drop part of this into your eyes. Another, take Tuthia or Lapis Tuti prepared, 
Very good Col●●ries. for sore eyes.  & the stone called Calaminaris, ana. ℈ iiii, the white of an Egg, Rose water, woman's Milk, the decoction of the Kernels of Quinces, ana. ℈ iii mingled together, you may put in fine clear yellow Aloes. ℈ i if you will. This Collyrium will dry up watery and gummy matter in the eyes.  
Another to quicken the sight. Take the stone Tuthia or Tuti prepared, Amoniacum, Bras burned or adust, lapis Calaminaris, ana. xii. penny weight, Myrrh, the stone called Hematist, Opium, ana. vi. penny weight, 
The best learned of the Greeks and Latins use this for sore eyes.  yellow Aloes called Hepatyca, Bulls gaul, Galbanum, gum Sagapena, ana. iiii. penny weight, Salt Armonyake, the juice of Chelidon, ana. iiii. penny weight, and thereunto add rose-water, and beat it in your Mortar, then roll them in small sharp pieces, and dry them. keep them until you have need: and when occasion shall serve, dissolve one of these pieces in Rose water, the white of an Egg or woman's Milk, and put it into your eye. This is most excellent to make clean the eyes, sharp the sight, and make it beautiful.  
Another for the same. Take Ceruse washed in Rose water viii sundry times in several waters. ʒ. i. white Gum, Sarcocol of Persia. ℈ ii Amylum, Traganth. ana. ℈, i Opium. G, iiii. all lightly beaten or ground on a Stone put thereunto a little of the Mussege or thick decoction of Fenigreeke, and so fashion them and make them dry, and keep them clean, 
A Linament for Pleurisy.  you may put some of this into your waters for the eyes.  Sickness. 
How make you a Lineament to put away pain in the Pleurisy.  Health. 
TAke oil of Camomile, the fat of a Capon, ana ℥ i of fresh Butter newly made. ℥ iii and a little piece of new wax, so make your Lineament to anoint the stomach.  Sickness. 
How make you a Frontale or a Foreheadcloth to quench heat in the head, in the time of a Fever, and to cause sleep  Health. 
AFter the mind of Galen prepare a double cloth of Linen three Fingers broad, 
A fronta●●e for headache.  and in length from one Ear▪ to the other Ear, put into this cloth as followeth. Take Read Roses or their leaves, Lettice leaves▪ Poppy leaves or the seeds, and quilt it, and make this frontal warm between two broad Plates or Platters, with rose-water & Uynegar▪ and then bind it to the Forehead. An other for the same. Take water lilies, Uyolets, melilot, Lettuce flowers, white Poppy heads, ana. M. q. bruise all together, 
For sleep.  & put them into your cloth. If the head be cold, & have no warmness, them make your Frontale thus. Take Sage, Rosemary, Camomile, Betony, Bryonie, Melilote, Basill, Savoury, or such like Herbs bruised, and put into your cloth: And in hot pains of the head, pour water of Roses and Uynegar together, upon a hot tile stone, and receive the Uapour or Smoke into your Mouth. 
Uapour to smell upon.  In cold causes pour Aqua vitae, & Sage water upon a burning Tile or stone, & receive the smoke. Commonly Galen in .12. of his Therapeutice, did anoint sick folks heads with Oxyrhodinum, which is made of Oil of Roses. ℥ i & Uynegar. ℥ two mingled & shaken in a Uyal of glass, & cold, anoint the Forehead therewith.  Sickness. 
How prepare you a Gargarizme or washing Gurgle, for the Mouth and Throat?  Health. 

A gargarizme to gurgull in the mouth and throat.  YOu shall do thus. Take the stilled waters of Roses, Planteyn, Uynegar, honey, Lettuce, Strabury, Nightshade, water Lily, & of Burnet, ana. ℥ i Diamoron. ʒ. vi. the juice of Raspes, of Barberries. ana. ʒ. uj.ss. syrup of Poppy. ℥. ss. of Strauberies ℥ iii of Uynegar. ℥. ss. mingle them well, and this is a Gargarizme, to scour the throat in all hot diseases, and in the time of Angina. And here followeth an other for the same. Take Planten, Burnet, Strabury leaves, Knotgrass, ana. M.i. Sorrell, Sage, ana. M. read Roses. M.i ss. long Pepper, Pellitory, ana. ʒ. ss. ℈ two boiled in a pottle of Water, till the half or more be consumed, then strain it, and put to it Honey of Roses. ℥. i.ss. Oximell Scilliticum. ℥ i mingle them together, & then it is perfectly made. An other very good, which hath done much good, as Doctor Leonard Fuchsius reporteth. Take Hiera Picra simplex. ℥. ss. Oximell Scilliticum. ℥ two the stilled waters of Hyssop, Betony, and Organy. ℥. i.ss. mingle them, and make your Gargarizme. 
A gargarizme must be given warm to draw humours from the head.  Mustard, Uynegar, Pepper and honey mingled together, do make a good ready Gargarizme. Provided that you minister your Gargarizmes warm, to draw humours: But when you stop them, use cold things, taken cold in your mouth, as Uinegar, fountain water. etc.  Sickness. 
How make you Nasalia, or to stop blood in the Nose?  Health. 
WHhen the blood doth abundantly flow out of that Nose, it is good to open the liver vein in the right arm, 
Nasalia.  to take the abundance away, & sometime small strings or veins will break in such cases moderate diate and cold things, are good to be used, and this powder to be put into the Nose. Take the Keys or woly knots growing upon Sallowes, commonly called Palms, being dry, Bole Armonie fine, 
To stop blood in the nose.  that will cleave to the tongue, and Dragon's blood, ana. ʒ. i. beaten into Powder, and finely sifted, and the fine hair of a Hare's belly. ʒ i ss. cut or mynsed most short like powder, put these together, and stuff them into the bloody nostril▪ or else dissolve them with the white of an Egg, and so draw them into the Nose: 
The profit of sneezing.  Often times the head is stopped, and the stomach so disquieted, that sternutations or neesyngs will help. And also the said sternutations will help Women to quick deliverance, in the time of their travel. Then do thus. Take Margerum, Nigella, Cloves, white Pepper, Ginger, ana. ℈ ii Castor, Condisi, ana. ℈ i make them in fine powder, and put them into the nose. Or thus. Take Nutmegs▪ Ireos' roots, ana. ʒ. i. Elleborus Albus, called sneezing powder root. ℈ i white Pepper, Pellitory. ʒss. Calamus. ʒ. i. ℈ i beaten them in powder, and keep it to use, as a mornyngs, & in child births. etc.  Sickness. 
rheums, weakness of sight, dullness of hearing, slowness of speech, over much sleep, sometime trouble me with foulness in my mouth what help then to cleanse, or draw forth phlegm?  Health. 
MAke a pretty linen bag of fine cloth, put therein Mustard Seed, 
Apophlegm●tismi, to put in the mo●th to draw forth filth.  Hysoppe, Ginger, Pepper, Pelletorie, Stavesagre, mastic, Organ, ana. ʒ. i.ss. beaten together, put part of this into this bag, or else into your mouth, without the bag, or else tempered with the juice of beets and honey, and so make your mansill or biting thing. It will draw phlegm, cleanse the eyes, comfort memory, and quench the salt phlegm, that make the face high coloured, use it a mornyngs often times.  Sickness. 
How make you Pessis to mollify, to unbind, and to restrain, to be put into the secret place of the urine of women?  Health. 
TRuly the making of them which do mollify is in this. Take Oesipi▪ which is an oil sodden out of the wool that is clipped or shorn from the Necks or flanks of sheep, 
Oesypi is an foul Oil made of wool but very good for Pessaries and other medicines.  Hearts tallow or the march called Mary, Goose grease, Capons or Hen's grease ana. ʒ. i ss, Flax or lint seed, Fenegrekee in powders, ana. ʒ. two. Melilot. ʒ. i. Mastic. ʒ i ss. the yolks of Eggs, Oil of Roses, and the Oil of Flowerdeluce, ana. ℥. i.ss. fresh Butter. ʒ. iii. put to a piece of wax, melt them together, and prepare will rolled together in the form of a finger or such like, dip it in this liquor, 
A mollifying Pessary.  when it is stiff let it be used, I mean into the secret place of Conception, retaining it in the place four or .v. hours with a thread in the end thereof, 
How to use 〈◊〉 Suppositor.  it may be made with a Sponge. To provoke terms menstrual. Take Mugwort Sothernewood▪ Dyttan, Calamus odoratus, ana. ʒ, two. the Seed of Nigella. ʒ. i, ss. bay berries. ℥. ss. dry Rue. ʒ. i. savin. ℈ ii Mirth, Styrax liquid, ana. ʒ. i.ss. Sagapine, Ladanun, ana. ʒ. beaten in a Mortar with honey, & roll it in the Pessary, and apply it accordingly.  
Sometime immoderate flux or terms passeth so much and so painfully, 
Pessaris to restrain.  that in such cases, Pessaries restrictive be very wholesome, as example. Take the powder of Hearts horn, Olibanum, ana. ʒ. two. Dragon's blood, Balaustia, ana. ʒ. i ss. Damask Roses. ʒ, two Acatia, or juice of sour Plumbs dried, Hypocistidis, mastic, ana. ʒ. i. Bole armeny. ℈ ii Bistorta, Comfory, ana. ʒ. i.ss. bruise and stamp them well in a Mortar, put in the juice of Planten, and Oil of Roses, as much as will suffice to roll in your will and make your pessary.  Sickness. 
Against the foul stink of a corrupt air, a filthy house, and coldness of the brain, what smoke, fume, or savour is then good?  Health. 

How to receive fume or vapour.  NOt only for a cold brain, but also against raw humours, and vomiting of Blood. etc. If the Patient have a few coals between the Legs, stooping downward, with clotheses cast lose about the naked body, as a mantel, Gown etc. receiving the smoke, at the mouth, through some Trunk or hollow thing. Take the wood of Aloes. ℈ ii, Gallia muschata. ℥ i Sage, Margarun, Rosemary, Maces bay leaves, ana. ʒ i stamped in a mortar into fine powder, put in fine Musk. G. viii. and cast part of this or all this, by little and little on the coals, or thus as followeth.  
Take fine Frankincense, Cinnamon, Cloves, Maces, the rind of a Pome Citron. ana. ʒ. ss. the wood of Aloes, Mirth, mastic. Trochisces of Gallia Muschata. ʒ. two. beat all in a mortar, and put in some Styrax liquid, and your mortar partly warm, beaten altogether and make your sweet Fume, putting in if you will Musk, Amber grece. ana. G. iiii. Here is a good one. Take Laudanum. ℥ i Frankincense, mastic▪ ana. ʒ. i. Styrax Calamita. ℥ ii Cloves, cinnamon, Nutmegs, ana. ʒ. i. would of Aloes, Myrrh. ʒ. ss. dead coals of sallow, Cyprus. Fur, or Genuper, ℥ ii beat them all in a Mortar somewhat warm, put in a little Venice Turpentyne, and clean rose-water, and work all together with your Pestle, and make your perfume, and this shall suffice: but when Women do suddenly fall sick with swelling of the Matrix called the Mother than it is perilous to use sweet parfumes, 
Perfumes for the mother.  but then use to perfume with Galbanum Asa foetida, Castor, Feathers, the paring of Horshoves. etc.  Sickness. 
How make you Sacculum or Scutum, the shield or twilte for the breast?  Health. 
THey be very comfortable for the breast and stomach, to stop vomits, and be good for the heart, 
Scutum.  Spleen, and Belly, and thus it is made. Take flowers of Rosemary, Lavender, Camomile, Betonie, Roses, ana. M. ss. or Sage, Margarum, Mellilote, Mints, ana. M. ss▪ or Leaves of Seine▪ ʒ two. ss. Stichados. ʒ three Cloves, Nutmegs, ana. ℈ ii and Maces. ℈ iii stamped in a Mortar and twylted in a silk or fine linen cloth, made in the form of a Shield or a square Trencher. Another. Take flowers of bugloss, Roses, Balm. ʒ. iij. Cloves, Maces, wood of Aloes, Cardamon, ℈ two Saffron. ℈ i Galanga. Spycknarde, the Bone of Hearts heart, ann. ℈. j.ss. Musk, Ambergris. ana. G. x. beat in a Mortar, and with soft Cotton quilted and applied to the breast. You may put in warm herbs, as Sage, Wormwood, Mynts, Horehound, Sothernwood. etc. put in a Quilt, or Stomycher with the powders of Calamus, Cloves, and Comen, quilted & made very warm with Wine or Aqua vitae between two Platters, and so applied to a weak feeble Stomach: 
This is an Emplaster, if oil be put in,  and thus I end of Sacculum, or Quyltes.  Sickness. 
How is a Cerote made?  Health. 
THey be made of Wax, Oil and Powders in a Quylt, in form of a Shoe fool, or an Ox tongue, 
A cerate and how to make it,  and are thus made. Take Cinnamon, Cloves, ana. ʒ. i. Galingal, Maces. ana. ʒ. ss. sweet Calamus. ʒ. i.ss. wood of Aloes, Gallia Moschata. ana. ℈ i Flowers of Pomgranettes, mastic, Laudanum, ana. ʒ. i. oils of mastic, Roses, Mints, ana. ℥ i with Wax. ℥ i Terebintyne, beat your dry things in powder and put your Wax to them, and so melt them, and so to keep your cerate. You may make the same in Leather or Silk. You may for the Spleen put in melilot, Lintseede, fenugreek, Capper barks, Calamus, Nutmegs, Wax, Terebintine, according to Art, putting in Oil.  Sickness. 
How make you Insessus?  Health. 
FOr lack of a bath, these are good for the Belly, & reins Take Filipendula, Saxifrage, Mallows, Holihoke, 
Insessus.  water Cresses, ana. M.i. the seeds of Flax, smallage, Fenegreek, seethe all together in sufficient Water to the third part, and so use it for the stone. Another. Take Mugwort, Sage, Betony, Calamint, Organie, Peneroyall, Camomile, Melilote, saint john's grass, Sothernwood, ana. M. ss. the Roots of Yreos and Smalage ana. ℥ i seethe your roots soft & your herbs: this is good for the Matrix, Belly, for the Colic, swelling wind, Timpany, cold. etc. Another against a bloody flux. Take Planteyn, Knotgrass, the rinds of pomegranates, Shepherds purse, horsetail like a water sprinkle, 
A goodly remedy for the flux.  the flowers of pomegranates, ana. ℥ four seethe all in rain water. Uynegar, or Read wine to the third part, & apply it to the lower parts of the Belly.  Sickness. 
How make you Fomentum?  Health, 
THere be two Foments one moist, & th'other, dry as Hypocrates saith lib ij. victu. acut. and now of a moist one. Take Mallows the Flowers, 
Fomentes moist & dry.  or tops of Dyll, Camomile, Melilote, ana. M. ss. the seeds of Line, and fenugreek, ana. ℥. ss. sodden in. l.ij. of Fountain water to the half, & so you may draw it through a Searse or a Strainer, and with a Sponge warm, you may wash the Belly, or any other grieved place.  Sickness. 
How make you Dropax to cleanse the head, and pull of scaules, and filthy Glue that Children are infected withal?  Health. 

A Dropax for a scald head.  DRopax will do many things to the body, it may be made to humect, and to dry, to cleanse, to cool, and warm, but to your question to make a Dropax for an unclean head, called the scaule, or glue, or else crust. Take Pix or Pitch, Wax, Colophonie. ana. ℥ three Bitumen. ℥. ss. Brimstone. ʒ. iij. Pepper, Pellitory. ana. ʒ. ij. Stavesagre. 
Where the heart is unquiet, prosperous labour doth not go forward.  ʒ. j.ss. Euphorbium, Elleborus the white, ana. ʒ. ss. beat your dried things into powder, and melt them together, spread this upon a Leather warm laid on the fowl head, being first shaven for xxiiij hours and so quickly rend it of, and thus I make an end of these kinds of compounds. And when I have more quietness, with convenient leiser, I will say some thing of Compounded waters: But it shall make no great matter if I give place to them, whom no man can mend, that have written most plentifully, learnedly and compendiously, of the natures of Precious waters, both Simple & Compound: yet shall I remember some good waters shortly, because time, & place so moveth me in that case.  Sickness. 
MIne Eyes begin to be dim, my sight faileth me: I would learn to make a water, to keep them from utter blindness. For when the sight is decayed and gone, the joys of this World are past, and nothing is left, but misery & heaviness of mind, & continual musing.  Health. 

A goodly water for sore eyes.  A marvelous water to conserve the Sight, I shall teach thee, which I have proved myself, to have helped many one: and the great learned Man in waters, called Euonimus, hath written it, who in Distillations was equal to any, that ever practised the same, and it is thus made.  

Three rich waters, Silver, Gold, and Balm.  Take the leaves of Rue, mint, read Roses, Sage, Maidenhayre (other leave out Mint, and Sage, and for them put read Fenel, Ueruyne, Euphrage called Eyebryght, Betony, honey succle of the Mountain, and endive) of every one six handfuls, let them be put into white Wine, for the space of xxiiij hours▪ then let them be distilled in a Limbeck: the water that shall first run out, is compared unto Silver, the second unto Gold, the third unto Balm, and this must be close kept in a glass: it is a water for all Diseases of the Eyes, that be curable, out of Aegidius, and Lullius, it is described Amongst the waters, composed for diverse inward diseases by V'lstadius.  
another water for the eyes, about the beginning of May▪ gather juglandine, Ueruen, rue, Fenell, beat them severally, and take. ℥ iii of 〈◊〉 juice of every one of them, then mix them, put to a little of the green branches of Euphrage, called, jye bright, or Roses. ℥ iii of Sugar Candie. ℥ four of the best Tucia, and as much of Dragon's blood, when all th●se are beaten, thou shalt mix them together, and distill them in a Limbeck of glass the liquor that runneth forth, thou shalt let it stand two or three days in a receiver, and then use it: it is of great virtue, for the eyes that be da●ke▪ 
〈…〉  dim, read, or have the web in the eye. The water of the vine, together with Honey sublymated by the fire, cureth the blindness of the eyes sp●cyally. The Monks in Mesuen that is the water of the vine (said they) which in every Spring time, when the Uines are cut, for certain days space without any distillation is pressed forth: this putteth away prickings, & heat of the eyes, and clarifyeth the sight, coming by a hot cause: if a Man put into both corners of the eye, one drop of this water, it sharpeneth the sight, and cureth any disease of the eyes, within .v. days saith Euonimus. etc. Read after in the trimming waters, amongst them that be ordained to Dying of the hair. Here is also a water for the eyes in Summer, to preserve the sight, described by joannes Mainardus, in his Epistelles, vi. iiii. three parts of Roses, the herbs of Fenell, and rue, of either one part, let them be well myx together, and after three days, let a water be distilled, other in only vapour of seething water, or in the Son, or in Balneo Mariae, as they call it, so that a handful of the foresaid herbs, 
The manner of distilling the Water fore●es  be put into the receiving vessel, that the drops may fall upon them, and the mouth of the receiver and the nose of the upper vessel, must be diligently joined together, and closed, that the vapours may not get out, but be kept very close from air.  
And hereafter followeth an other water, of an excellent Virtue. Fill a still full of the leaves of Agrimonye, Ueruen, Euphrage, Fenell, Rue, read Mints, and Lovage, cut them. sprinkle upon them a little white wine, and clear wine, and distill them in a clay stillitory, 
Goodly waters for the eyes, which excelleth in virtue.  this liquor represseth the swelling of the eye lids, of a cold cause, it drieth up the blear eyednesse, it stoppeth the flowing of tears, it cleareth the sight, it breaketh the blemishes, spots, corns, or pearls: if thou wilt have it stronger to break spots or pearls, put unto it Gallitricum, and Chickens weed, with read flowers. You may get a Water out of Fenell also for the same causes, for a liquor gathered out of the roots and leaves of Fenell, sodde in Water, with a Basin laid upon the water, while it yet seethe, and kept in a glass, and one drop put into the corner of the eye every day, morning and evening, for the foresaid causes, this is proved to be very good. To break the spot or Pearl, mixed with the foresaid waters, Myrrh, and Aloes a pound and put a drop of the liquore strained, in either corner of the eye, early and late.  
A Water distilled of the flowers of white Thorn, and Willow, putteth away pryckyngs, heats, or redness of the eyes, 
The water of white thorn and Willow for redness of eyes, coming of heat.  it stoppeth tears coming of a hot cause, and breaketh the spots, or Pearls of the same cause. A Water of the leaves (flowers) of Euphrage, stoppeth Tears, coming of a cold cause, and maketh slender the Eye lids, that swell of the same cause, 
Water of Euphrage called Eyebright, for swelling in the eyes, coming of cold. Euphrage or Ophthalmica so named, because it is a herb for Eyes Gordonius water for Eyes. Gordonius water for a Fistula.  and restoreth the same sight, that hath any impediment. Euonimus doth say, that Euphrage doth not heat, but is temperate, or else doth cool moderately in the first degree, and drieth in the second.  
An excellent water for the debility of the sight, described by Gordonius, take Selandyne, Fenell, Rue, water of the Mountain, Euphrage, Ueruen, read Rose with their Buds. ana. l.ss. Cloves, long Pepper. ana. ℥ two when they are bruised together, distil them in a Limbeck of Glass, with a slow fire, and put of it every day in the Eyes.  
An other of the same man's, for a Fistula, which he is certain will heal it: two pound of good white Wine, dystilled in the same vessel, Aqua vitae is dystilled in: the waters of Rosemary & Sage. ann l.u.l.u. Sugar l.ij. when they are distilled, put again to them. ℥ i of Sage, and as much of Rosemary, when they are steeped together viii. days, thou shalt strain it, and use it. A canker in what part of the body so ever it be, the herb called Canker, which is also called Doves foot, the Flowers of Quinces, the Flowers of Cerifolium, 
Andrea's Fornerius water for a Canker.  the Flowers, or Leaves of the Briar, called Idea, which is like a sweet white Rose, & a few white Roses, honey, and white Wine, and the Alum which is called Alum Glass, let all these be dystilled together.  
A good Water dystilled of a Molewarpe, for all kind of Gouts, or Dropsies, noli me tangere, Scales of the head, Saucy face, and the Wolf. If you will have a Water without distilling, quickly to wash your Legs, or Feet, to make your said water to smell well. Set a vessel of running or conduit water on the Fire, seethe it well, and put into it the flowers of Lavendula, or Lavender, and much rather of that, which is commonly called Spike, both green, and dry Bays, Basell, Sage, Fenel. etc. and so wash at night: put clean running or Conduct water, & white Wine into a vessel well stopped, and set it in the Sun, putting in Lavender, Spike, and Cloves, that they may make sweet the said Water, and Wine with their smell, but yet if the Lavender be green and moist, it will turn the Wine almost into Uinegar which if it be dry, it doth not so. The liquor shall be made the more smelling, if the Flowers be dried in the Sun, in a Glass closed, & afterward white Wine to be put into it. 
How to make sweet water without stilling good for to wash the feet, or for Barbers.  If so be it, a man desire to have a sweet water forthwith, by and by, let him put a drop of Oil of Spyke unto a good deal of pure Well, or Conduit water, and chafe it together, in a glass with a narrow mouth, although this be made without distillation, the same notwithstanding, being right dystilled in the Sun, specially if certain other things be mixed with it as Musk, Amber, Civet, Caphura, or meaner things, as Styrax, and Stacte, Myrrh, or any other spices, chief Cloves, or else things of less estimation, as Roses, the Barks, Flowers, or Leaves of Orynges, Lemons, bay leaves, common sweet Herbs, Rosemary, Margerum, Bazill. etc. it shallbe made much the sweeter. But if you will have a very pleasant water, take. ʒ. ss. of good Musk beaten in two. l.of Rose water, put in the belly of a Glass Still, and distill it, by little and little, then put it in a Glass well stopped, with Ambergrice. ʒ. i. it is a Water marvelous sweet, and convenient for fine Persons, 
A pleasant sweet water  that their clotheses may be sprinkled there with: put. ℥. ss. of good Saffron, in. l.ij. of Rose-water (for the space of one day) and distill it, this water is wholesome to be mixed with Medicines: also for smell, and garnishing, put. ℥. ss. of Cloves beaten, in a pound and a half of Rose water .24. hours, and distill it, distil Camphor. ℥ i with a pound of Rose water, and use it in medicines, for Noble persons. After the same manner is Rose water, made with Saunders, and other spices (sweet smelling) what so ever a man will, some distill all this in pure Water, in steed of Rose water, three leaved herb, an herb very sweet of savour, which they distil for Perfumes and to make divers other pretty sweet Savours. The Monks of Mesuen, make a water of sweet savour, where with the head, heart, and stomach are revived.  
℞. Four handful of the flowers of Lavendula, Roses white, and read, 
The Monks water for correction of the flesh, better than holy water, and more costly.  of either two handful, Rosemary, Cloves, new and fresh Ciperus, of every one a handful, Mint, Sage. Time, bayleaves, or Peneroyal of every one half a handful. ℥ four of Cloves, Galingal, Nucis Mosch, Calamus Aromaticus, Ginger, Cinnamon, of Flowerdeluce, of every one. ℥. ss. two pounds of white Wine (asmutch as shall suffice) when they are brayed and beaten in a Mortar, let them be put into a Glass, well closed, for the space of eight days, afterward use them, as occasion shall serve: it is excellent to wash the hands, if you mix a little of it, with a great deal of pure water. A man may use it also distilled, and put in. ℈ i of Musk. Epiphanius Empericus, writeth an other of the same man's, delectable, with a marvelous sweetness of savour: Civet, Musk, of either. ʒ. i. let it be tied in a fine linen cloth, and let it be set to soak in. l.ij. of rose-water, a few days in the Sun.  
An other of the same Epiphanius, of a very sweet savour: Bazill, Mint, Marierum, Flowerdeluce, Hyssop, savoury, Sage, Melissa called Balm, Lavender, Rosemary, of every one half a handful, Cloves, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, the Pomecitron, of yellow colour, three or four, let them be beaten, and set three days in Rose water, then let them be dystilled with a slow fire: when the distillation is finished, put to. ℈ i of Musk, and set i● in the Sun: you may add Ambergrice. ℈. ss.  
An other of the same Epiphanius, of most excellent savour. R. Three pounds of rose-water, Cloves, Cinnamon. Saunders. ana. ʒ. uj. two handful of the Flowers of Lauende●. ʒ. uj. of Assa dulcis, Malmsey, Aqua vitae. ℥ two let it stand a month to still in the Sun, well closed in a Glass, 
sweet water for linen.  or upon the top of a Furneyce: then dystil it in Baln●o Mariae, and ad. ʒ i ss. of Musk to the distillation, then let it stand ten days in the Sun, or above the Furneyce, and so use it. It is a marvelous pleasant liquor in savour, a water of a wondrous sweetness, for the perfuming the sheets of a Bed, whereby the whole place, shall have a most pleasant sent: put into a little Uyall of Glass xviij or twenty Grains of Musk, & Civet and a little of Ambergrice, after filled full of rose-water, set it over the fire▪ and when it is hot, take it away, then let it stand to cool, well closed, after you have done let it stand two days, you may use it from thence forward, it is as good as though it were distilled: when thou wilt perfume thy Napkins, or other linen, put it in a vessel with a wide mouth, & spread the clotheses upon it boiling, and that they may drink up the vapour and breath of it.  

Agalam, or Agalugun, is the wood of Aloes.  another manner of sweet water, is called the water of the casting glass: put into some little vessel of Silver, a little rose-water made with Musk, and a little Civet, and Cloves, Agalam, Styrax calamita, when they are all pound against a fire, mix them, and perfume any clotheses with the vapour or smoke thereof, it is a marvelous sweet savour, if thou wilt keep close the vessel diligently, and when thou thinkest good, put more Rose water unto it, that it may be renewed.  
An other. Thou shalt put into four pounds of rose-water, Assadulcis, somewhat gross beaten, Styrax, and Cloves, Camphire, Agalam, of every sort. ℥ i Musk, Civet, of either of them G. xx. put these together in a glass shut with a Parchment, pryckt through with ten or twelve small holes, and let the vessel boil four hours in a kettle, full of clean water, as though it were in Balneo Mariae, after when it is cold, strain it through a fine linen cloth, and keep it in a Glass, in the which Grains xii of Musk shallbe put, which being moisted, and steeped with Water, thou shalt stop the Glass, and set it in the Sun viii days, so shalt thou have a wonderful well smelling water, a sweet water, and a secret, whereof one part mixed with ten parts of pure Water, maketh the whole most sweet: Grains twenty or there about of Musk, as the smell thereof pleaseth the more, or less, Nutmegs, Cloves, Galingall, Spicknard, Grains of Paradise, Mace, cinnamon, of every ana. ℥ i all these beaten in a Mortar, let them be put into a Glass, fit to distill in, with Rose Water l.i.ss. powered unto it, let it stand so, for the space of four or five Days, afterward put to it thrice asmutch of Rose Water, and destille all this in a Limbeck, set in a kettle full of water seething, as in Balnco Mariae. thou shalt keep the water gathered together, diligently stopped for the same purpose aforesaid, that the former serveth for.  
another excellent water, two pound of the water, of the flowers of Citri, 
There be ii kinds of this Assa, one is called Assa foe. ●ida, or devils dung, the other is called Assa dulcis, which cometh from Syria, and is also named Syr●naicus liquor, or the juice of Lasar pitium.  one pound of the water of read Roses, of Mirtes. l.ss. of Musk Roses a good quantity, and likewise of the flowers, of Cloves, ana. ℥. ss. of Assa dulcis. ℥ iii well beaten ana. ℥ i of Stirax Calamita, and read Styrax, ana. ℥. ss. all these stamped, and mixed with water, thou shalt distill them in a Glasen Limbeck, the head and the receiver diligently closed with clay▪ with a soft fire, or in a Balneo Mariae, or in a kettle of seething water: a Water of most sweet savour, with the which Oil is stilled also, the last water being mixed, with a hundred times asmutch of pure Water, doth savour with the sweetness thereof, so is this following of greater Virtue, health, and sweetness,  
Take a pound of Myrrh chosen, pure, new and fat, beaten into small pieces, half a pound of the juice of Roses, when they are mingled together in a Limbeck, let them be distilled in ashes: where first thou shalt separate the water, with a slow fire: then make the Fire bigger, 
A water incomputable▪ for the singular goodness of the most excellent virtue thereof.  and separate the Oil: and at last divide the water from the Oil. It maketh the Face bright, it closeth wounds effectually, as well old as new, the oil is most precious, and doth the same things that the water doth, but much sooner, as for example: it doth that in a hour that the water is about in. xxiiii. one ounce of this water distilled, mixed with a pottle of pure water, it doth the same.  
A goodly Rose water made with Musk, which is required, and used also in other compositions, put. G. xii. or more of Musk, and G xvii. of Amber grice.  Sickness. 
THese waters be very pleasant and profitable, 
Of sleeping waters.  but waters to make a man sleep were comfortable, I pray you say somewhat of them.  Health. 
IF you will 'cause one to sleep, then do thus as followeth: Take. ℥ ii of Henbane. ℥ i of the roots of Mandragora. 
To 'cause rest and sleep.  ʒ. vi. of Popie, Lettice. Orpin, Housleke, ana. ℥ ii the water Lillie one handful, when they are beaten, let them be put in two pound of water of Popie, with ℥ .i.ss.. of the seed of Darnell for the space of two days, and let them be stilled, and this is perfect.  
An other causing sleep Take the seed of Darnell. l.i.l.i. of the seed of Henbane. li, two. of the seeds of Purslen. ℥ iii of the seed, or root of Mandrag, as much of Alkakengi, when they axe beaten, power to them. l.i.l.i. of the juice of beans, as much of the roots, or leaves of Henbane. l.ss. of the juice of the leaves of black poppy, minister. ℥ i of this water, when it is distilled, it is vehement, and of great virtue. 
A goodly water for the stone, & it helpeth the palsy and falling sickness.   
A water for the stone, made by Aegidius, because it breaketh the Stone, R. the seed of Pimpernell, Parsley, Smalage. Cokowprycke, mustard-seed, Burrs, Mastic, of every one like much, when they are well beaten let them be mixed with the blood of a he Goat, and a little Uinegar poured to it, let them stand a few days in a vessel well closed and then at the last ●et them be well stilled it is good for them that be troubled with the stone, what manner of stone so ever it be, read, white, sharp or plain, if so be it the stone be confirmed, and gathered to some straight, let the patient drink of this water everyday, for so shall it be broken and brought into Sande: if so be scabbed heads be washed once a day with this water, they shallbe made hole, and new hair shall spring, and the Scabs shall be cured within nine days (otherwise any kind of Scabs washed therewith are made whole within three or four days) if it be drunk fasting, it maketh good Blood, and good colour▪ more than any other Medicine) marvelously it maketh strong the sinews, & taketh away the falling sickness, if it be drunk twice a day, otherwise it is added: it healeth clean the Palsy, if it be not dead and radycated in the members. Thus saith Aegidius▪ and Lullus, with other learned Clerks, Also. R. Caudae equinae, Plantain, read Roses, the grains of Alkakengi, the roots of holy Oak, shaven or scraped Liquorice, of every one. ℥ i juniper Sebesten, of either of them. ʒ. vi Bolearmoniake, ℥. ss. Cummen seed, the great cold seeds cleansed, of every one. ʒ. iiii. the seeds of white Popie. ʒ vi. ℥. ss. of Quinces, or the thynnest of goats milk, l.vi▪ let them stand two days in the infusion, and after let them be distilled, give the sick patient to drink, ʒ. iiii. warm, so long as the disease continueth Epiphanius Emper●cus.  
another water composed of Aegidius, and it is commended of Lullus, of waters, R. Rue, Satyrion with the hands, and Satyrion with the stones, agrimony, Chelidome, Sugar, and the stone called Calaminaris all of one weight, and beat them in a Mortar, it must be distilled with a slow fire: this water excelleth in virtues, no disease of the eyes is so dull or dim, or great, but it will vanish away, and give place to this medicine: being drunk, it driveth away all poison, or taken with meats, for so it avoideth the poison by vomits, it cureth the Dropsy, it purgeth the stomach from all evil humours, 
Sacer ignis.  it quencheth saint Anthony's Fire in one day, if Flax dippeth in it, be laid upon the sore: it is good also against the fire of a black Melancholy, and white aposteme without the Fire, but if it appearered without, it shall in no wise be convenient, to lay on a plaster. It also healeth the Canker, if Aloes be mixed with it, and a little Tow or Flax dippeth in it, and laid like a plaster upon it twice a day: this is a precious medicine, and never faileth.  Sickness. 
THese be excellent waters. Be there any good waters against the falling sickness, and resolution of the sinews and, Fevers? I pray you tell me them.  Health. 
HEre after I will show thee goodly Waters, for the same purpose, as follow. Take Hyssop, penerial, Cloves, Cicory▪ ana. ℥ i let them be beaten in a Mortar, and distilled in Sage water. l.vi. afterward take the stone Tutia, parsley, Rue, Setwall, Aloes, and the stone called Calaminaris, ana. ℥ i and Ualerian. ℥ vi when they are beaten in a Mortar, seethe them in the foresaid water, till the third part be consumed, and the liquor strained with a cloth, thou shalt keep in a Glass, diligently closed nine days, afterward let it be given in drink, every day in the morning before day (by the space of ten days) to the sick patient fasting, it is profitable against the falling sickness. If he that taketh it, continued fasting after it six hours. 
A goodly water for fevers.  And truly it is a most effectual remedy, it healeth all resolutions of the sinews, and the members are strengthened thereby, if it be drunk with Castorium: it is good against all Gouts, which have not taken Root yet in the members, if it be drunk nine days together fasting, it putteth away all manner of agues▪ what matter so ever they come of, if it be drunk Nine days, every morning early. This Water is also most profitable to wash Wounds, in which the Sinews are cut. 
general.   
An other of Aegidius, the ninth in number, otherwise they call it double: the seed of smallage, the seed of white Popy, Ginger, Sugar, 
Another water of Aegidius  Cloves ana. equal weight, beaten in a Mortar, put to it water (that is dystilled of parsley) and distil it: this is the chiefest remedy for the cough, & breast pained, if a man drink it cold in the morning fasting, 
Water against the Palsy, & to help the Brain.  and in the evening as hot as he can: If it be drunk hot with Castorium, it is good against the disease called Apoplexia: it healeth also the members sick of the Palsy, if so be the Palsy be not dead in the members: it bringeth sleep and rest easily, it cherisheth all the members, it driveth away evil humours, and strengtheneth the Head and the Brain.  
An other amongst Aegidius waters: Gladiolus, Hyssop, savin, Sothernewood, or the seed of Sothernewood, leaving out savin, of every one like quantity, beaten them together, & let them stand certain days, 
A water to be used with discretion.  then dystil it. This water is of great strength, it withstandeth all Agues, both hot and cold: it provoketh women's terms, if it be drunk thrice: but it is hurtful to Women with child, it stauncheth the bloody flux, and other flixes: It killeth worms, being drunk fasting. It cureth all the grief, 
There be sun that use this water to purge.  which with Bevers stones healeth the Palsy (if it be drunk daily very heat) within three days: the same description is found in the Book of Lullus of waters most excellent.  
Here after followeth a very good water. Take a Wether, that is all white, and fat fed in a good pasture, and well liking, cut his throat, receive his blood, and stir it while it is fresh and new, a good time, with a stick of read juniper, and ever in the stirring cast away the lumps, that are gathered of the blood, then cast in the shavings of the same juniper, and the berries of juniper that be read, to the number of xxv and to this put a little, Agrimony, Ru●, Ualerian, Scabious and Ueronica, commonly so called, Pimpernell, Cicory, Peneroyall. ana. if so be it, 
Distill this blood, & keep it close.  the measures of the blood exceed three quarters, them put into it. ℥ three of treacle of jeane: but if it be less, according to the portion of the blood, thou shalt make less the measure of the treacle. They must all be prepared ready at hand, that they may be put into the blood, while it is yet warm: when they are all mixed, draw out a stilled liquor, which thou shalt keep diligently in a glass, and set it in the Sun eight days, for it will endure twenty years, it is known by experience, that this liquore is excellent, and good against the Pestilence, the impostumes of the head, the sides, or ribs, or against the diseases of the Liver, and Lights, the inflation of the Spleen, corrupt blood, agues, swellings, tremblynges of the Heart, the dropsy, 
An excellent liquor against the pestilence and many other diseases.  unnatural heats, ill humours, and chief against poison, and the Pestilent Ague. The sick patient that is taken with any of the foresaid diseases, shall drink a Spoonful, or four or five, and procure himself to sweat, and shall be healed within his sick body.  Sickness. 
What are composed Waters, I would gladly learn them?  Health. 
THey are to be called composed waters, that are distilled of medicines composed, and steeped in Wine, Aqua vitae, or other liquore: certain compositions of spices and herbs, to restore the strength of the heart, and the spirits, are mixed with waters of Capons, dressed by distillations, accordingly: also with burning Waters, or called Quintessence of Wine, against the Pestilence, and poisons, as we declared before, but also hot medicines Electuaries, chief in the which Diacridium, and other vehement things hurtful to the stomach, are received, mixed with the Liquores, specially with burning water rectified, or with Wine (sometime also with Milk, and Wine, or with Whey: also in hot natures & diseases, it should do well) and sometime let stand in infusion, or soaking, they are artificially distilled, 
What composed waters be  that they may be given to drink to them that are weak or feeble, or as they call them dainty, or have their stomachs abhorring against other medicines, which Lullus also praiseth greatly, and certain Practitioners of Antiquity have used it with praise, and commendation.  Sickness 
I would learn to make Quintessence of Antimony, if it would please you to show me?  Health. 
QVintessence of Antimony, is thus made: incorporate, and mingle the powder of Antimony, 
Antimonium is called Stib●●●, or a stone b●ight. & shining found among silver: this side doth ●●ense the Eyes.  most finely beaten, with most sharp white Uinegar distilled, and let it stand until the vinegar be turned into a very read colour, then pour this Uinegar out, and keep it. And in a clean vessel, put other distilled Uinegar, upon the Antimonium, and set it over a little fire till the Uinegar be coloured, this shall you change so often, till the Uinegar will be coloured no more, and so much of the Uinegar as is coloured, thou shalt distill it in a Limbeck in Ashes: first the Uinegar itself will run out, after this, thou shalt see a matter issue forth of sundry colours, and this is that Quintessence, which is called of the Philosopher's, the Philosophers Lead and of some called Uirgines' Milk (it differeth not wythstanding from it) it is almost like blessed Oil in colour: 
Philosophers Led.  put this in a Pelican to be circulated by the space of Forty days, it drieth up Wounds, and it is profitable for all Wounds, in steed of Balm, for it cureth all the said Wounds easily, 
A water that drieth up Wounds and healeth them  and quickly: it is marvelous good for all Impostumes, and Quintessence is extracted, and drawn out of white Lead, after the same manner, as out of Antimony, powringe distilled Uinegar upon it, that the Uynegar be over it four fingers deep, afterward let it be digested in a Dunghill, as it is used in Quintessence of Herbs, and Flowers, then let it be distilled and first ye shall see the Uynegar itself ascend up, after that a Lyquore like unto Oil, and also this is called Oil of Lead, or Quintessence of Lead, and it hath in it a certain sweetness▪ like as the Oil of Antimony: it is good against all burnings with ●yre, & hot water, as also against Itches, as Ringwormes, and choleric bladders, but a man must note that the white Lead aught first to be washed often with water of Roses, driving it through a linen cloth, until none of the powder of the white Lead remain in it, 
Quintessene is drawn out of many meats.  then when it is dried, reserve it to your uses. So doth Bulbasus, and joan of saint Amandus, upon the antidotary of Io. Mesue, will to be done: Of the drawing forth of quintessence, out of divers metals, as Gold, Silver, Led, Tin, Vitriol, or Coporas, Iron, Coper, brimstone, read Orpement, yellow Ocker, Antimony, & Marchasita Leaden, who so listeth, let him read in Lullus, in his book of Quintessence: the spirit of Quintessence, or Vitriol is commended of certain Men against the falling sickness, and Apoplexia, or the benumbing of the Senses. The spirit of Gold, against the diseases of the liver, the spirit of Birral, against the stone of the Raynes, and Bladder.  Sickness. 
How make you Aqua vitae, after master Raimundus Lullus: which was a man most excellent in Waters?  Health. 
he in his days, did make the Water of Life, 
Raymonde Lullius, flourished, anno. 1322. he was a Spaniard.  called Aqua vitae of incomparable goodness. Marry he used to still his Waters, both simple and compounded: many times to make them more heavenly or pure. But to the matter, of making this Aqua vitae.  
Take an herb called wild Mirte, like Butchers Brome, Asparagus, called Sperage, Rapes, Persily, the Sea thystle called Eryngium, 
His water for the stone.  Maiden hair, Grumill called Grana Solis. Cichory, Endive, and wild Carrots, Fenill roots. ana. of like quantity, cut or brayed grossly, and still them with your wine, upon a soft Fire. This Water will break the stone, and make much urine.  
Here followeth an other. Take Nutmegs, the root called Doronike, which the Apothicaries have, Setwall, Galangall, mastic, long Pepper, 
Another precious water.  the bark of Pomecitron, or melon, Sage, Bazell, Margerum, Dill, Spicknard. would of Aloes, Cubebe, Cardamon called grains of Paradise, Lavender, pennyroyal, Mints, sweet Calamus, Germander, Enulacampana, Rosemary, Stichados, Squinance of each like quantity, Saffron. ʒ. i. & the bone of a Hearts heart grated, cut, and stamped: but beat your spices grossly in a Mortar. Put in Ambergrice, Musk. ana. ʒ. ss. distill this in a common simple Aqua vitae. made with strong ale, or Sackeleyes, and Anisseedes: not in a common Still. but in a Serpentine: to tell the virtue of this Water, against cold, Wind. Phlegm, Dropsy, and heaviness of Mind, coming of Melancholy. I cannot well at this present, the excellent virtues thereof, are such, and also the time were to long.  Sickness. 
How make you a Water that will kill the Canker, and heal the place, whereas the said Canker hath been?  Health. 
MAny good Men and Women within this Realm, have divers, and sundry Medicines for the Canker, and do help their neighbours that be in Peril and Danger, which be not only Poor, and Needy, having no Money to spend in Chirurgi: But some do devil where no Chirurgeons be near at hand: in such cases, as I have said, many good Gentlemen and Ladies, have done no small pleasure, to poor people: as that excellent Knight, and worthy learned Man, Sir Thomas Eliot, 
Sir Thomas Eliot. S●r Philip Paris. Sir William Gaiscoigne,  whose works be immortal. Sir Philip Paris of Cambridge Shire, whose Cures deserve praise. Sir William Gaiscoigne of York shire. that helped many soar Eyen: And the Lady Tailor of Huntingdon shire, and the Lady Darrell of Kent, had many precious Medicines, to comfort the sight, and to heal wounds withal, and were well seen in herbs.  
The common wealth hath great want of them, and of their Medicines: which if they had come into my hands, they should not have been written on the backside of my book. Among all other there was a knight, a man of great worship, a Godly hurtless gentleman, which is departed this Life: 
Sir Anthony Heveningham of Heningham in Suffolk his medicine against the Canker.  his name is Sir Anthony Heveningham. This Gentleman learned a Water to kill a Canker of his own Mother, which he used all his Life, to the great help of many Men, Women, and Children: he had also a Salve, for sundry green Wounds. But because I have not the copy thereof, I will make report, but only of the Water, which I am assured he used, & it is not much unlike a water for the Canker, which Andreas Furnerius the Frenchman, did make of a great virtue, & thus it followeth.  
Take doves foot, an herb so named, Arkangell, ivy with the Berries, young read Briar tops, and leaves, white Roses, their leaves, & Buds, read Sage, Selandyne, and Woodbine, of each like quantity, cut or chopped, and put into pure clean white Wine, and clarified honey. Then break into it Alum glass, and put in a little of the powder of Aloes Hepatica, & distill these together softly in a Limbeck of Glass, or pure Tin, i● not, then in a Limbeck, wherein Aqua vitae is made. Keep this water close, it will not only kill the Canker, if it be daily washed therewith: but also two drops daily put into the Eye, will sharp the sight, and break the pearl and spots, specially if it be dropped in, with a little Fenell water, and close the Eye after.  Sickness 
MAny Men, Women, and Children, now a days, be grievously vexed with a shameful disease, called the French Pocks, pains in their joints, no rest, paleness of colour, falling of hair, baldness of Head and Beard, lameness of Limbs, Skabs, filth. etc. in such cases what is to be done, I pray you tell me, gentle Health, for this sickness waxeth common, but yet it would fain be called, but only a Fever.  Health. 

A treatise of the Pocks.  MAny Men have written much of this Pocks, after sundry sorts, and divers ways, & have killed not a few with long Diets, but I will speak that, which I do know, have proved and seen, to have helped very many. Yet would I not, that any should fish for this disease, or to be bold when he is bitten, to think hereby to be helped: but rather eschew the cause of this infirmity, and filthy, rotten, burning of Harlots. etc. As to fly from the Pestilence, or from a wild fire, for what is more to be abhorred, than a p●cky, filthy, stinking Carcase? But if through blind Ignorance, 
〈…〉  sudden chance etc. any have gotten it: then do thus to be delivered from it.  
first, ye shall provide that the sick body, 
Three nota●ble thi●nges to be osberued in this 〈◊〉 drink, and the Diet in the time of sickness.  have a close chamber out of all gross air, and clean warm garments, both for the body, and Legs, and at rising, and going to Bed, a fire of Charcoals, for wood is not wholesome for smoking, also they must not be troubled with any thing to bring them out of patience, for that corrupteth the blood, which must be new altered: also the sick body must eat but little meat, and that kind of meat as shall hereafter be prescribed, and at such time as shallbe appointed, and let the sick body use playing of some Instruments, or here some playing, or tell merry tales, and have no company of Women, for that is a most dangerous poison for the health of any person in that case.  
Secondly, ye must prepare two Brass Pots, or else Iron, one being iiij. Gallons, the other uj Gallons, one for strong drink, the other for small drink, also ye must have close covers to them of brass or Iron, ye must also prepare good earthen vessels with close covers to keep your drink in of both sorts by themselves. Also ye must have a strainer of a Searce cloth, to strain your drink after it is decoct: 
Although the pocks be most unclean yet to heal the same, requireth cleanliness asmutch as medicine.  Instruments to take out dead flesh, and to search a soar, and a spring to cleanse any soar being deep with the same drink. Also ye must have a wooden vessel to bathe the sick body in, at such times as hereafter shallbe appointed. Also ye must prepare clean clotheses, to dry the sick body after a sweat, being warmed well first: other Instruments ye shall need none, but only your wood raped small, or turned, & the Bark of the wood pounded in a Mortar, and the drugs also small, and your Water which ye shall decoct, the same must be of a Cundite, or running Brook, very clean without any kind of filth. Chalk water is good.  
Thirdly, for your strong drink, 
How to prove good Guaicum.  ye must take your Pot of four Gallons and set him one a soft fire of coals, with four Gallons of the fair running Water, then put into the same one pound and a half of your wood small Raped, or Turned at the Turner's, but when you do buy your wood, see it be not old, and lack moisture, the trial is best, take a little coal burning and lay it on the Block, before it be raped, and if it be good it will boil up on every side of the coal, like Myrrh, than put thereto. ℥ i or a little more of the bark of the same wood, made in small powder, then take a quarter of a pound of Cummen seeds put whole into the same, & one half quarter of an ounce of Radix, and Rhubarb, and then stop your Pot fast, and lay Paste about the Cover, and so fast, that no air come out, 
Soft fire maketh sweet Malt, and the like doth make good Guaicum drink.  then seethe it on a soft fire, but ever keep it boiling, & let it boil at the lest eight hours, than set it by, and unstop it not until it be cold, then take your Searce, and strain it into a fair Earthen Pot, and cover it close: the sick body must drink of this but one draft leuke warm in the morning, and one other at night.  
Fourthly, you must take your Pot of uj Gallons, 
Fourth rule.  and put in it uj Gallons of running water, and one pound of the wood raped, and a quarter of Cummen seeds, and decockte it in all kind of thing, even as the other▪ being close stopped, and when it is cold strain it into an earthen vessel, or Uessels: and that must the party drink at meal, & at all other times when he list to drink, and spare not but draw it by.  

Fifth rule.  Fiftly, the sick body must be kept very warm, and not rise out of Bed before viii of the Clock, and then eat a dozen or twenty Raisins of the Sun, 
Note also, that F●lcrum is good to cleanse the Guaicum water with  and no bread, and about a leaven of the clock, let the sick Body eat a little meat as may suffice nature, and what meat, it shallbe hereafter showed, then let the sick body walk some whiles in his Chamber, or read some Book, or play on Instruments to keep him from sleeping, then at vi of the clock, a dozen of Raisins of the Sun, and nothing else but his draft of strong drink warmed at vi. a clock in the Morning, and at evening at eight.  

sixth rule  Sixtly, give to the Patient to eat these meats following, Chicken Partridge▪ Fesante, Hen, Capon, Rabette, Coni●, Veal, Mutton, and none other, nor any Salt, nor leavened bread, nor Rye bread, and very seldom toasted, but boiled in water, and no broth, nor porridge, nor any kind of sauc●-if the sick body have roast, let it be but every third meal, and no kind of Fish, Milk, or fruits, Raisins excepted.  
Seventhly, once in iii days, for the first ix days in the morning let the sick body drink a good draft of the strong drink something warm, 
Seventh rule  and then lay very many clotheses on him till he sweated, for the space of two hours, then ease some of the clotheses, and have warmed linen clotheses, and rub all the body dry or he rise if he have any sores that be deep, wash the sore with the strong drink, and with a syringe, and dip a little cloth in the strong drink, and lay it to the sore, whether it be sores or knobs.  
Eightly after ix or x days be past, once in three days let the sick body be bathed on this sort. 
Eight rule  Set fair running water on the fire, and put thereto a great deal of ground ivy leaves, and read Sage and Fenell also, and by a good fire when the sick body is going to Bed, put the Water and herbs into a vessel of wood, and let the sick Body stand upright in it, by the fire, and take up the herbs and rub the body of the sick Patient downwards, and then dry him with warm clothes, use this iii weeks, and by the grace of God the sick body shallbe made whole, what soever he be, then if the party be very weak after ix or ten of the first days, let him eat every day at four of the clock at after noon, a new laid Egg poached in fair water, and as much new bread as will suffice nature, and a little clean wine: read further in the place of Guaicum for the Pox, whereas is showed greater secrets. And for this diat few men are to be compared in worthiness and knowledge to Thomas Glandfield a cunning Chirurgeon of London. 
Thomas Glanfield.   Sickness. 
Now I pray you master Health make a brief rehearsal of the compounds, and shortly of their names, & to what sickness they be applied unto.  Health. 
THat I shall gladly, and first I will begin as followeth: wherefore they do serve, praying thee to be contented to read them, & mark them diligently: and also of the common seeds, cold & hot, of ointments, etc.  


The Table of compounds.  
AVrea Alexandrina.  
Mythridatum.  
Syrupus de Bizantijs.  
Trochisci diarhodon.  
Pills of Agarike. etc.   

¶ Against Tercian Agues.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Oxysaccharum simplex.  
Syrupus de acetosa simplex.  
Syrup of tart pomegranates  
Syrupus de Bizantijs.   

Against Quarten Agues.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diasent.  
Mythridatum Andromachi.  
Oxysaccharum.  
unguentum aregon.   

Against hot burning Agues.  
Syrup of Violets  
Diaprunum not laxative.  
Decoctio communis.  
Electuarium catholicum.  
Mel Violatum.  
Oxysaccharum.  
Syrupus de limonibus.  
Trochisci de camphora.  
unguentum populeon.   

Against agues coming of divers humours.  
Diaphaenicon.  
Pilulae Agregativae.  
Pills of Rhubarb.  
Trochisci diarhodonis.   

Against long agues of cold.  
Diacurcuma.  
Diacorallium magistrale.  
Pills of rhubarb.  
Syrupus de eupatorio.  
Trochisci de Rubarbaro.  
Trochisci de absynthio.   

The four great hot seeds.  
Anisseede.  
Fenell seed.  
Cummen seed, and Ca rowayes.   

The four hot, and lesser seeds.  
Ameum, Amomum, smallage, Yellow Carrots.   

The four great cold seeds.  
Gourds, Cucumbers,  
Melons, Citrons.   

The four cold and lesser seeds.  
Endive, Chycory, Lettuce,  
Purseline,   

The four hot Ointments.  
unguentum Martiaton, Altheae, Arragon, & Agrippae.  
unguentum Altheae.   

The four cold Ointments.  
unguentum album,  
Populeum, Resumptinum,  
Citrinum.   

The five common opening roots.  
smallage. Fenell. Perseily.  
Sperage. Butcher's Broume.  
Kneholme.   

The five waters which do comfort the heart.  
Endive, Succory, scabious,  
Langdebeefe, Balm.   

The eight solutive herbs.  
Mallows, Mercury, parietary, Violets, Coleworts, Holioke, Acanthus, Beets.   

Against Lienteria.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Theriaca G●leni.  
Trochisci diacorallion.  
Trochisci diambre.  
Trochisci de terra sigillata.   

Against biting of venomous Beasts.  
Mythridatum.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Oleum de Scorpionibus.   

Against evil liking of the body.  
Diacurcuma.  
Diatragacantha frigida.  
Diacameron,  
Diasatyrion.  
Syrupus de eupatorio.  
Oleum Sesaminum.  
Trochisci de Rubarbaro.   

To assuage pain in any out ward part of the body coming of ache.  
Emplastrum oxycroceum.  
Oil of Dill.  
Oil of juniper. etc.   

Against inward diseases.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexandrina,  
Mythridatum.   

Against burning, and scalding.  
Electuarium palmae.  
Oil of Myrtes.  
unguentum rosatum  
Oil of Eggs.  
Oil of water Lilies.   

Against brooses.  
Electuarium palmae.  
unguentum aureum.  
unguentum potabile.   

Against pain in the spitting.  
Emplastrum ceroneum.  
Lohoch de Pino.   

Against belching of raw humours.  
Diagalanga.  
Diatrion Pipereon.  
Diatragacantha calida.  
Lohoch sanum.  
oxymel scilliticum.  
Syrup of calamints.   

Against pain in the Back.  
Pilulae foetidae maiores.  
Oleum de Cheirs.  
Oleum Scorpionis.  
Diacassia.   

To draw forth broken bones.  
Emplastrum oxicroceum.  
Emplastrum contra rupturas & ●   

To purge the Bladder of Gravel.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Benedicta. lax.  
Diacurcuma.  
oxymel diureticum.   

To assuage pain in the Bladder.  
Emplastrum de granis lauri▪  
Mythridatum Galeni.  
Electuarium Dulcis.  
Syrup of juiubes.  
Trochisci de Alchachengi.  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Oleum Cheiri.   

against exalcerations in the Bladder.  
oxymel scilliticum.  
Trochisci de Alchachengi.   

Against the Colic.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexand●ina.  
Dt●ph●●●icon.  
T●●●●isci de Rosis.  
Oil of Camomile. etc.   

Medicines ●o be used after long and ●oat agues.  
D●●rl●odon abbatis.  
Rosata novella.   

Against the cold, and shaking in Agues.  
M●lridatum Galeni.  
Syrup of stechados.  
T●●chi●ci de eupatorio.  
Oil of Dill.  
Oil of Sothernwood.   

To caus● an appetite.  
A●tidotum Asincritum.  
Ar●ma●●cum R●satum.  
Mina ●●●plex  
Conserve of Quinces.  
S●rupus de ab●●nihio.  
Electuar●um consortatinum.   

To comfort a cold Brain.  
Electuarium de gems.  
A●●m●ticum ●os●tum  
Conserve of Gladian.  
Ther●●ca G●l●nt.  
Oil of M●ces.   

To co●fort a moist Brain  
Conserve of Rosemary.  
Diambre.  
Diaprassion.  
Diatragacantha calida.  
Electuarium ind●matoris.  
Pitulae alephanginae   

To assuage pain of the Breast.  
Decoctio pectoralis.  
Lohoch de Squilla.  
Oleum de che●rs.  
unguentum marciaton.  
Sy●upus de Hyssopo. etc.   

Against straightness of the Breast.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.  
Conserve of Maydenhayre.  
Diatragacantha calida.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
unguentum Martiaton.   

Against diseases of the Breast.  
Diacameron.  
Dia●ragacantha fr●gida  
Syrup of Horehound.  
Syrup of Maydenhayre.  
Galens cerote ●●r the stomach.   

To 'cause boldness.  
Triphera magna.  
Electuarium de gemmie.   

Against g●●wing in the B●lly.  
Antidotum Asincri●um.  
Mithridutum.   

To keep the body strong.  
Pilula luc●● maiores.  
Ro●ata novella.  
Syrupus ex ●nfusione rosarum.  
Theriac● Galeni.  
Diasatyr●on.   

Against spitting of blood.  
Mithridatum Galeni.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Electua●ium Ind●um Maius.  
Emplast●●m de granis Lauri.  
P●lulae qureae.  
Pilulae Foetida maiores.  
Pilulae sine quibus esse nolo.  
Theriaca Galeni.   

Against old Coughs of ●●mou●es.  
Mythridatum.  
Pills of Agarike.  
Pilulae Bechitae.  
Loho h de Pino.  
Lohoch sant●m.  
Syrup of Horehound.  
Syrup of Mirtes.  
Syrup of Lysope.   

Against 〈◊〉 Cough.  
Iu●ep of Violets.  
Syrup of Licuerice.  
Syrup of Violets.  
Syrup of Poppy comp.  
Syrup of Iu●ubes.   

Against the Cough of the L●n●es.  
Antidotum Asin●ri●um.  
Diatragacantha frigida.   

¶ Against Coughs, which come of superfluous humours in the stomach.  
Aurea Alexandrina,  
Diamargaritum c●●idum.  
Diacam●ron.  
Diacalamintha.  
Dia●●eos.  
Diapap●uer.  
Decoc●●o pectoralis.  
Lohoch 〈◊〉.  
Lohoch de pulmone Vulpis.  
Syrup of calamints.   

Against 〈◊〉 Cramp.  
Mythridatum.  
Theriaca Galen●.  
Syrup o● Sticados.  
〈◊〉 of Flowerdeluce.  
Vnguetum 〈…〉.  
unguentum Aregon,   

Against 〈◊〉.  
Mithridatum Andromach●.  
Theriaca Galen●.  
unguentum Aregon.  
unguentum M●●●tat●m.   

Against the 〈◊〉.  
Aster.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Diamargaritum calid●m.  
Diacameron.  
Dia●●odon ●bbatis.  
Diatragacan●ha fr●gid●.  
Mithridatum.  
Tria●andali.  
Lohoch de pulmone Vulpis.   

Against the Ca●k●●, ●ady part of the ●●dy.  
Corfectio hamech.   

Against all Aches, and diseases of cold.  
Oil of Bay.  
Oil of Spike.  
Oil of cost.  
Oil of Camomile.  
Oil of Flo●erdeli●●.  
Oil of Roses  
Oil of M●s●icke.  
Oil of Lilies.  
unguentum Martiat●m mag●num.  
unguentum Aregon.  
Vnguent●m de Ali●ee.   

Against 〈…〉 ●ut the Fu●dement, or ●●her places.  
Oil of Myr●es.  
Pomatum.   

To deliver Women of dead children.  
Theriaca Galeni, etc.   

To 'cause good cooler  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Electuarium de gemmis.  
Oleum de Costo.  
Trochis●i Diarhodon.  
Hiera picra Galeni.   

To purge Choler.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aromaticum rosatum.  
Conditum Cotoneorum.  
Confectio Hamech.  
Diacurcuma.  
Conserve of Langdebeefe.  
Conserve of Borage.  
Conserve of Maydenhayre.  
Conserve of Succory.  
Conserve of Sorrel.  
Oxysaccharum simplex.  
Electuarium de rosis.  
Electuarium de psillio.  
Pilulae sine qui●us esse nolo.  
Pilulae de octo rebus.   

For cold Complexions.  
Diatragacantha frigida.  
Syrup of Endive.  
Trochisci de Rabarbaro.  
Syrupus de acetositate citri.  
Syrupus de succo acetosae.  
Syrupus comp. de Fumiterra.  
Syrupus acetosus comp.   

To make good digestion.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aromaticum rosatum.  
Conditum cotoneorum.  
Diacuminum,  
Diamber.  
Diacalamintha.  
Diatrion pipereon.  
Miva simplex.  
Pilulae ante cibum,  
Oil of Mints.   

Against the Dropsy.  
Diacameron.  
Diacurcuma.  
Emplastrum ceroneum.  
Emplastrum de granis Lauri.  
Pilulae de Euphorbio.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Trochisci de Eupatorio.  
Trochisci de Rhabarbaro.  
Syrupus de eupatorio.  
unguentum Agrippae.   

To clear the eye sight.  
Diaprassium.  
Pilulae Cochiae rasis.  
Collirium album rasis.  
Hiera picra Galeni.  
Pilulae sine quibus.  
Pilulae aureae.  
Pilulae de octo generibus mirobalanorum.   

Against pain in the eyes.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Mithridatum androm.   

Against all manner of exulcerations.  
Oil of Violets.  
Emplastrum de Cerusa.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Trocisci de alchachengi.   

Against deafness and pains of the Ears.  
Mithridatum andromachi.  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Pilulae sine quibus esse nolo.   

Against the fauling evil.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.  
Syrup of Sticados.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
unguentum Martiatum.   

To purge phlegm.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diacartami.  
Confectio Hamech  
Diatrion piperion.  
Conserve of Rosemary.  
Conserve of Gladian.  
Conserve of Enulacampana  
Mel Rosatum.  
Pilulae alephanginae.  
Pilulae faetidae maiores  
Pills of Euphorbe.  
Pilulae de Sarcocolla.   

To purge salt phlegm.  
Syrupus comp. de Fumiterra.   

To make a beautiful, and a fair face.  
Oleum de tartar.  
Pomatum.   

Against fluxes of the body.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diascoridion.  
Mithridatum andromachi.  
Mycleta.  
Miva simplex.  
Oil of Roses.  
Syrupus de rosis siccis.  
Syrupus de agresta.  
Syrupus de Acetositate.  
Syrup of Mints.   

Against the flux of meat undigested.  
Mithridatum.  
Micleta.  
Oil of Mirtes.  
Syrup of calamints.  
Trochisci Diacorallion.   

Against the bloody flux.  
Diacodium Mesua.  
Mithridatum.  
Mycleta.  
Trochisci diacorallion.   

To provoke the menstrual terms.  
Pilulae de Bdellio.  
Trochisci de terra Sigillata.   

To stop the flux of a strong purgation.  
Electuarium confortatinun sto.   

Against paleness of the Face.  
Hiera picra Galeni.   

To 'cause new flesh.  
unguentum Apostolicum.   

To consume dead flesh.  
unguentum Apostolicum.  
unguentum Aegyptiacum.   

Against old fistulayes.  
unguentum Apostolicum.  
unguentum Aegyptiam.   

Against the Gout of heat.  
Electuarium de rosis.  
Pilulae Arthritica.  
Oil of wormwood.  
Oleum Lumbricorum.  
Oleum Cherinum.   

Against the Gout of cold.  
Benedicta laxativa.  
Electuarium indi Maioris.  
Mithridatum.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Pilulae Fetidae maiores.  
O●le of Bay.  
Oil of Spike.  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
Oil of Mas●ike.  
Oil of Euphorbe.  
unguentum Martiaton.  
unguentum Aregon.   

Against the Gout in the feet only.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Benedicta laxat.  
Mithridatum.  
Pilulae de quinque generibus myr oba.  
Pilulae Faetidae maiores.  
Oleum Vulpinum.  
unguentum martiaton.   

Against gaulinges.  
Emplastrum de Cerusa.  
O●le of Martes.   

For Clysters.  
Diacasia fistula pro Clist.  
Hi●ra picra Galen●   

To comfort the heart.  
Diaecorallium magistrate.  
Electuar●um de gemmis.  
Syrupus de acetosa.  
Theriaca Galen●,  
Trochisci de Gallia moschata.  
Aromaticum rosa●um.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.   

Conserve of Roses  
Diambre.  
Diamargaritum calidum.  
Diarbodon a● bati●.   

To engender heat in the inward parts.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.  
Diacuminum.  
Dia●bre.  
Emplastrum stomachicum.  
Oil of Rue.   

Against trembling of the heart.  
Confectio de musco dulcis.  
Electuarium de gemmis  
Conserve of Borage.  
Conserve of langdebiefe.   

Against beaten of the heart  
julep of Roses.  
julep of Violets.  
Syrup of Violets.  
Syrup comp. of Endive.  
Syrupus de infusione rosarum viridium.  
Sp●upus de succo acetosae.   

Against hoarseness.  
Decoct●o pectoralis,  
Lohoc sanum.  
Oleum sesaminum.  
Syrup of juiubes.  
Theriacum Galen●.   

Against the Hickop.  
Antidotum Asincritum  
Syrup of Mir●he.   

Against falling of the Hair.  
Oil of Bay  
Oil of C●ste.   

Against ache in the hip.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Pilulae fet●doe maiores.  
Pilulae d●●uinque generibus miroballa.  
Oil of Bays.  
Oleum vulpinum.  
V●guentum mar●iaton.  
V●guentum ar●g●num.   

Against all manner of hardness  
Mithridatum  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Oil of Bay.  
Oil of Mints.  
Oil of Holioke,  
Oleum Sesaminum.  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
Oil of Mashke.  
Emplastrum diachilon album.  
Emplastrum diachilon m●gnum  
Emplastrum de mucilaginibus  
Emplastrum de meli●o●o  
Emplastrum de oxycroceum.  
unguentum apostolicum.  
unguentum Marciaton.   

To purge the head.  
Pilulae aureae.  
Pilulae Cochiae.   

Against old headache.  
Antidotum asincritum.  
Pilulae Cachiae Raesis.  
Pilulae agregative.   

Against headache of heat.  
Electuarium de Rosis.  
Oil of Roses  
Oil of water Lilies.  
Oil of Poppy.  
unguentum rosatum.   

Against headache of cold  
Mithridatum.  
Aurea alexandrina.  
Oil of Dill.  
Oil of Spike.  
Oil of Flowerdelice▪  
Oleum de euphorbio.  
unguentum Martiato●   

Against the hemorrhoids.  
Mycleta.  
Pilulae de Bdellio.   

To keep the head from horenes.  
Oil of cost.   

Against vermin and scurf in the head  
Oil of Bay.  
Oil of Lilies.   

Against the yellow jaundice  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diarhodon abbatis.  
Electuarium de r●bis.  
Syrupus de Bizantinus.  
Theriaca galeni.  
Trochisci de Camphora.  
Trochisci de Rubarbaro.  
Trochisci de eupatorio  
Triasandali.   

Against Ilic● passio.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Theriaca galeni.  
Mithridatum Andromachi.  
Hiera picra.  
Pilulae sine quibu●.  
unguentum martiaton.   

Against inflammations.  
Antidotum As●ncritum.  
Cerotum stomachicum   

Against hot impost●●es either in the stomach or liver  
Carotum pro stomacho.   

Against inward impostumes.  
Trochisci de rouburbar●.  
Trochisci de eupa●orio.  
Oleum violarum.   

Against hot impostumes in the throat.  
Diamoron 〈◊〉.   

To ripe impostumes.  
Emplastrum diachilon magnum  
Emplastrum diachilon album.  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
Oil of mastic.   

Against incensibility  
Mithridatum  
Theriaca galeni. etc.   

Against inflammations of Choler.  
Conserve of Violets.  
unguentum rosatum.   

Against pain of the liver,  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diacurcuma.  
Pilulae aggregativae.  
Pilulae de euphorbio.  
Trochisci de rubarbaro.  
Syrup of Setrac   

Against beat of the Liver.  
julep of Roses.  
julep of violets.  
Electuarium catholicum.  
Mel violacum  
Syrup of Violets.  
Syrup comp. of Endive.  
Triasandali.  
Trochisci de spodio.  
unguentum rosatum   

Against coldness of the liver  
Theriaca galeni.  
Diagalanga.  
Diarhodon abbatis,  
Trochisci de gallia moschata.  
Trochisci de absinthio  
Trochisci de eupatorio.  
Emplastrum stomachicum.  
Oil of Euphorbio.  
Syrupus de eupatorio.  
Syrupus de absinthio.   

Against hardness of the liver.  
Emplastrum diachilon album.  
Pilulae de euphorbio.   

To make a man laxative.  
Antidotum Asincritum▪  
Hierapicr● galeni.  
Conserve of violet●.  
Diacassia fistula pro enematibus   

Against danger of life  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diacameron.   

Against heat of the Lungs.  
Diatragantha frigida.  
Diarodon abbatis  
Triasandali.  
Syrup of Violets.  
Syrup of Endive.  
Syrup of comp. Endive.  
Syrupus de infusione rosarum. viridium.   

Against coldness of the Lungs.  
Confectio dulcis de Musco.  
Conserve of Maidenhair.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Tr●chisci de absinthio,   

Against drives of the Lungs  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Syrup of Liquorice.   

Against the lepry,  
Confectio hamach.  
Theriaca galeni.  
Trochisci Theriaci  
Pilulae faetidae maiores.   

Against the Mesels  
Theriaca galeni   

Against madness.  
Aurea Alexandrina  
Diasene.   

Against the mother.  
Antidotum Asincritum   

To assuage pain of the Matrice.  
Emplastrum de granis lauri.  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Trifera.   

Against cold diseases  
Antidotum Asincritum  
Diambre  
Electuarium de gemmis  
Oil of Lilies▪  
Emplastrum pro matrice.  
Emplastrum Ceroneum  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
Oil of wormwood.   

To 'cause mirth.  
Diambre.  
Diamargar●tum calidum  
Diacameron▪  
Diasene  
Electuarium de gemmis.  
Conserve of Borage  
Syrup of L●ngdebief.   

To purge melancholy.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Alipta muschata▪  
Confectio dulcis de musco.  
Diasene.  
Mithridatum.  
Syrupus de epithi●o.  
Conserve of Roses.  
Conserve of Maidenhair.  
Conserve of Succory  
Conserve of Langdebeef.  
Conserve of Rosemary.  
Conserve of Borage,  
Pilule sine quibus.  
Pilulae de lapide Lazuli,  
Pilulae aggregatiu●.  
Pilulae lucis maioris.  
Trochisci de absinthio.  
Trochisci de eupatorio.   

Against all diseases about the Midryffe.  
Mithridatum  
Theriaca galeni.  
Pilulae Cochiae Rasis.  
Oil of Spike  
Oil of Euphorbe   

Against soarnes in the mouth  
Diamorou potio  
Mithridatum Cleo.   

Against b●eeding at the nose.  
Trochisci de terrae sigillata.  
Trochisci de Carabae.   

Against stench at the nose  
Oil of Flowerdelice.   

Against writhing of the neck on the one side.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.  
Syrup of stechados   

Against obstructions.  
Oil of bitter almonds  
Oil of cost  
Oil of Dill,  
Oil of Camomile,  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
Oil of wormwood.  
Oleum de Chieri.  
Syrupus de radicionibus.  
Syrup of Bizantes.  
Syrup comp. of Endive.  
Syrup of Maidenhayre.  
Syrup of Ceterac.  
Trochisci de Rabarbaro.  
Trochisci de Eupatorio.  
Trochisci de absynthio.   

To 'cause good Odour and savour.  
Electuarium de gemmis.  
Oil of cost.   

To comfort the principal parts.  
Aromaticum rosatum.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.  
Electuarium confortans Stomachum.  
Diamber.  
Diamargaritum calidum.  
Miva simplex.  
Syrup comp. of Fumiterre.  
Syrup of bugloss.  
Electuarium indium maiu●.  
Conserve of Roses.  
Syrup of calamints.  
Oil of cost.  
Oil of mastic.  
Oil of Quinces.   

Against the dryness of the principal parts.  
Oil of sweet Almonds   

To mollify the principal parts.  
Conserve of Roses.   

Against the Palsy.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.  
Mythridatum.  
Pilulae de Euphorbio.  
Syrup of Sticados.  
unguentum Martiaton.   

Against the Pleurisy.  
Diatragacantha frigida.  
Syrup of Violets.  
julep of Violets.  
Lohoc of Squilla.  
Conserve of Maydenhayre.  
Oil of Violets.  
Syrup of Liquerice.  
Syrup of Hyssop.  
Syrup of Endive.  
Syrup of juiubes.  
unguentum de Althaea.   

To purge the wind pipe of gross humours.  
Diaprassium.  
Theri●ca Galeni.  
Lohoch de Squilla.  
Lohoch sanum.  
Syrup of Liquerice.  
Syrupus de acetosus comp.   

Against the Pestilence or Poison.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Mithridatum.  
pulvis contra pestem.  
Syrupus de acetositate citri.  
Syrupus ex acetosa.  
Syrupus ex infusione.  
Rosarum viridium.  
Oil of Scorpions.   

Against Pimples, or Weals.  
Oil of Myrtes.   

Parfumes.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.   

Against rheums.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Mithridatu●.  
Diaprassion.  
Syrup of Sticados.  
Syrup simp. of Popy.  
Oil of Rue.   

To purge the reins of gravel.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Benedicta laxa.  
oxymel diureticum.  
Syrupus acetosus comp.  
Syrup of Maydenhayre.  
Syrup of Cettrac.   

Against pain in the reins  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Mythridatum.  
Diacameron.  
Diacurcuma.  
Electuarium indi maioris.  
Oleum de euphorbio.  
Oleum de cheiri.  
Emplastrum de granis Lauri.   

Against Ringwormes.  
Confectio hamech.  
Oleum de Tartaro.   

To comfort the stomach.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Diacorallium magistrale.  
Diamargaritum calidum.  
Diaprasium.  
Diagalanga.  
Aromaticum Rosatum.  
Aromaticum garyophillatum.  
Trochisci de gallia muschata.  
Trochisci de Alchachengi.  
Mythridatum.  
Miva simplex.  
Electuarium confortatiwm stomachium.  
Electuarium de gemmis.  
Electuarium Indi Maioris.  
Emplastrum stomachicum.  
Syrup of Mirtes.  
Syrup of stechados.  
Syrup of Wormwood.  
Syrup of Langdebeefe.  
Syrup of Quinces.  
Syrup of dry Roses.  
Conserve of Langdebeefe.  
Conserve of Enulacampana.  
Conditum Cotoncorum.  
Oil of cost.   

To purge the stomach of gross humours  
Hiera picra Galeni.  
Pilulae Faetidae maiores.  
Pilulae lucis maiores.  
Pilulae de Sarcocolla.  
Pilulae stomachiae.  
Pilulae agarico.  
oxymel simplex.  
oxymel scilliticum.  
Emplastrum ceroneum.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Syrup of Hyssop.  
Syrup of Maydenhayre.  
Syrup of Horehound.  
Syrupus acetosus compo.  
Syrupus de limonibus.   

Against heat & burning of the stomach.  
Trochisci de Spodio.  
Trochisci de camphora.  
Diarhodon abbatis.  
Triasandali.  
Syrupus de succo acctosae.  
julep of Roses.  
unguentum rosatum.   

Against coldness of the stomach.  
Syrup of Mints.  
Syrup of calamints.  
Oil of Wormwood.  
unguentum de Altheae.   

Against hardness of the stomach.  
Pilulae de Euphorbio.  
Emplastrum Diachilon album   

Against pain of the stomach.  
Emplastrum de granis Lauri.  
Emplastrum ceroneum.  
Pilulae Faetidae maiores.  
Pilulae Agregativae.  
Trisera.   

Against Diseases of the Spl●ne.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diacurcuma.  
Electuarium catholicum.  
Pilulae de quinque generibus myroba.  
Syrup of calamints.  
Syrupus de acetosa simplex.  
Oleum de euphorbio.   

Against hardness of the spleen  
Trochisci de absynthio.  
Trochisci de eupatorio.  
Emplastrum meliloti.  
Emplastrum diachilon album.  
Emplastrum ceroneum.  
unguentum marciaton.   

Against Sighing.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Diamargar●tum Calidum.   

To 'cause the spittie to avoid.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Syrup of pine apples.  
Lohoch de Squilla.   

To restore the Speech.  
Diaireos.   

To break the stone.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Mythridatum.  
Oleum de Scorpione.   

Against the Strangution.  
Aurea Alexandrina.   

Against sounding▪ and fainting of the heart.  
Diamargaritum calidum.  
Diasene cum Manna.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Syrup of Langdebeefe.  
Conserve of Borage.   

To provoke sweat.  
Oil of Dill, and other hot Oils.   

To prohibit overmutch sweeting.  
Rosata novella.  
Oil of Quinces.  
Oil of Mirtes.   

To 'cause a man to sleep.  
Diapapaver.  
Syrup of Popie.  
Oil of flowers of Popie.  
Oil of Dill.  
Oil of Nenuphar.   

For Children, which cannot keep, or do speak in their sleep  
Trifera.   

Against Strangurion.  
Diamoron potio. etc.  
Venice Terebi●tine.   

Against the Scabs.  
Confectio Hamech.  
Oil of Bay.  
unguentum pro pueris scabiosis.  
unguentum contra sca●i●●   

To purge the instruments of the Senses·s  
Pilula Alephaginae.  
Pilulae Agregativae,  
Pilulae lucis maiores.  
Therica Galeni.   

Against the squinancy.  
Mithridatum.   

Against the stiffness of the inward Members.  
Mithridatum Andromachi.  
Conserve of Rosemary.   

To mollify and ripe all swellings  
Diachilon paru●m.  
Emplastrum de granis Lauri.  
Emplastrum Diachilon album  
Oil of Flowerdelice.  
unguentum Apostolicum.  
unguentum Agrippae.   

To increase seed.  
Oil of sweet Almonds  
Oleum Sesaminum.   

Against the sleep or forgetful diseases.  
Oleum de euphorbio.   

Against deep diseases in the Sinews.  
Syrup of Sticados.  
Oil of Quinces.  
Oil of mastic.  
unguentum agrippae.   

Against cold diseases of the Sinews.  
Oil of Euphorbe.  
Oleum Lumbricorum.  
Oleum de cheru.  
Pills of Euphorbe.   

Against shooting of humours.  
Emplastrum palmeum.   

Against great, and cold sores.  
Tela Gualterij.  
Emplastrum de cerusa.  
Emplastrum de minio.  
unguentum Aegyptiacum.   

To dry up soars & By●es.  
Emplastrum Desiccatiuum rubeum.  
unguentum Apostolorum. etc.   

To quench the thirst.  
Trochisci de camphora.  
Trochisci de Spodio.  
Rosata novella.  
Syrupus de infusione rosarum viridium.  
Syrup of Quinces.  
Syrup of white Popie.  
Syrupus de acetositate citri.  
Mel violatum.  
julep of Roses.  
Conserve of Violets.   

Against the falling sickness.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexandrina,  
Confectio de moscho.  
Electuarium de rosis.  
Electuarium de psilio.   

Against the tooth ache  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Mithridatum.  
Diaprassium.  
Pilulae de Hiera simplici.   

Against roughness of the Tongue.  
Diatragacantha frigida  
Diamoron potio.  
Syrup of Violets.  
julep of Violets.  
Oleum sesaminum.  
Oil of sweet Almonds.  
Oil of Violets.   

Against shortness of wind.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Mythridatum.  
Confectio dulcis de moscho.  
Alipta muschata.  
Diaireos.  
Diacameron.  
Syrup of calamints.  
Theriaca Galeni.  
Pills of Agarike.  
Syrup of Horehound.  
Syrup of Hyssop.  
Syrupus de pino.  
Lohoch de Squilla.  
Lohoch de papavere. etc.   

To break wind.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.  
Pilulae aureae.  
Diagalanga.  
Diacurcuma.  
Electuarium indum maius.  
Syrupus de eupatorio  
Oil of sweet Almonds.   

To stop vomiting.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.  
Miva simplex.  
Rosata novella.  
Syrup of Mints.  
Syrup of Quinces.  
Oil of Mints.   

To cure the disposition to vomiting, which is when a man would vomit and cannot.  
Aromaticum gariophillatum.  
Miva simplex.  
Rosata novella.  
Syrup of Mints.   

To provoke vr●ne.  
Antidotum Asincritum.  
Aurea Alexandrina.  
Diacurcuma.  
Diacassia cum Manna.  
Diasatyrion.  
oxymel diureticum.  
unguentum agrippae.   

To provoke Venus.  
Diasatyrion. etc.   

To heat wounds.  
Balsamum artificial.  
Emplastrum palmeum.  
unguentum Apostolorum.   

To scour and cleanse wounds.  
Tela Gualterij.  
unguentum Apostolicon Auicen●  
unguentum Basilicum.  
unguentum Aegyptiacum.   

again Worms in the Belly.  
pulvis contra Lumbricos.  
Syrup of Lemons.  
Oil of Wormwood.  
Hiera picra Galeni.  
Mithridatum. etc.  
unguentum contra Lumbricos.    
And thus I have ended the notes of the compounds, with Common seeds. etc.  Sickness. 
What be the names of the compounds, and in what leaves may I find them, I pray you tell me?  Health. 
first I will begin at the letter A. etc.  



A.  ALypta Moscata. 
Fol. 1  Asincritum, a goodly antidotary, of singular virtue. 
Ibidem  Aromaticum Rosatum. 
Ibidem  Aurea Alexandrina. 
2  Aromaticum gariophillatum. 
Ibidem  Acatia. 
Ibidem  Aurilj. 
Ibidem  Aqua odorifera. 
3  Apophlegmatismi, to draw phlegm from the head. 
40    


B.  BEnedicta laxati. 
Fol. 3  Balsamum artificial. 
Ibidem    


C.  COnfectio dulcis. 
Fol. Ibidem  Confectio Hamech. 
Ibidem  Cerotum stomachale. 
Ibidem  Confection for the Eyes. 
Ibidem  Conserve of bugloss. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Rosemary. 
4  Conserve of Borage, & bugloss. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Roses. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Violets. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Maydenhayre. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Gladen. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Enulacampana. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Succory. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Sorrell. 
Ibidem  Conserve of Diagalanga. 
Ibidem  Collyria, & sief. 
38  Cerot, how to make it. 
37    


D.  DIaciminum nicolai. 
Fol. 4.  Diambra mesuae. 
5  Diamargariton Calidum. 
Ibidem  Diamargariton frigidum. 
Ibidem  Diathamaron, of D●tes. 
Ibidem  Diarhodon Abbatis. 
Ibidem  Diacalamintha. 
Ibidem  Diatrion pipereon. 
Ibidem  Diaireos Salomonis. 
Ibidem  Diatragagantha Frigida. 
6  Diacameron. 
Ibidem  Diacodium. 
Ibidem  Diaprassium. 
Ibidem  Diapapaver. 
Ibidem  Diacurcuma. 
7  Diasatyrion. 
Ibidem  Diaprunum. 
Ibidem  Diaphaenicon. 
Ibidem  Diacarthamum. 
Ibidem  Diacorallium magistrale. 
Ibidem  Diacassia fistula. 
8  Diasene. 
Ibidem  Decoctio communis. 
Ibidem  Dropax. 
37    


E.  ELectuarium Catholicum. 
Ibidem  Electuarium Rosatum. 
Ibidem  Electuarium de Psillio. 
Ibidem  Electuarium indi maioris. 
9  Electuarium stomachi. 
Ibidem  Electuarium de gemmis. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum Diachilon album. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum diachilon magnum. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum de mucilaginibus. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum pro stomacho. 
10  Emplastrum de granis lauri. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum meliloti. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum Caroneum. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum oxicroceum. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum de janua. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum contra rupturas. 
11  Emplastrum de gratia dej. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum pro dolore matricis. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum divinum. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum de minio. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum de Cerusa. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum Palmeum. 
Ibidem  Emplastrum triapharmacum. 
Ibidem  Epithema. 
34  Emplastrum desiccatiuum rubrum. 
Ibidem    


F.  frontal for the head. 
Fol. 35  Fomentum. 
37    


G.  Glisters. 
Fol. 38  Gargarism. 
35    


H.  Hiera picra Galenj. 
Fol. 12    


I,  julep of Violets. 
Ibidem  julep of Roses. 
Ibidem  Insessus, used for a stone. 
37    


L.  LOch de Pino. 
Ibidem  Loch de Squilla. 
Ibidem  Loch sanum. 
Ibidem  Loch de Caulibus. 
Ibidem  Loch de pulmone vulpis. 
Ibidem  Lineament. 
35    


M.  MIthridatum manardj. 
Fol. 15  Mithridatum, very noble against poison. 
39  Myeleta. 
13  Miva simplex aromatica. 
Ibidem  Mel Rosarum. 
Ibidem  Mel Violarum. 
14  Mel Anthosatum. 
Ibidem  Manus Christi. 
Ibidem    


N.  Nasalia for the Nose. 
Fol. 35    


O.  oxymel simplex. 
Fol. Ibidem  oxymel diureticum. 
Ibidem  oxymel Squilliticum. 
Ibidem  Oxisaccharum simplex. 
Ibidem  Oxisaccharum compositum. 
Ibidem  Oil of sweet Almonds. 
Ibidem  Oil of bitter Almonds. 
Ibidem  Oil of Bay. 
15  Oil of Sesaminum. 
Ibidem  Oil of Spike. 
Ibidem  Oil of cost. 
Ibidem  Oil of Rue. 
Ibidem  Oil of Dill. 
Ibidem  Oil of Camomile. 
Ibidem  Oil of Myrtes. 
Ibidem  Oil of Flowerdelice. 
16  Oil of Roses. 
Ibidem  Oil of Uyolets. 
Ibidem  Oil of Quinces. 
Ibidem  Oil of Mastic. 
Ibidem  Oleum Gastorej. 
Ibidem  Oleum de Euphorbio. 
Ibidem  Oleum vulpinum. 
17  Oleum de Tartaro. 
Ibidem  Oleum Scorpionum. 
Ibidem  Oil of garden Lilies. 
Ibidem  Oleum de papavere. 
Ibidem  Oleum nimpheatum album. 
Ibidem  Oleum Menthae. 
Ibidem  Oil of Wormwood. 
Ibidem  Oleum bumbricorum. 
Ibidem  Oleum Violaceum album, or Heart's ease. 
18    


P.  POmander. 
Fol. Ibidem  Pou●er of Violets. 
Ibidem  pulvis contra pestem. 
Ibidem  pulvis de bolo armenio. 
Ibidem  pulvis contra Lumbricos. 
19  pulvis Bezoardicus. 
Ibidem  Penidies. 
Ibidem  Pignolatum. 
Ibidem  Pilulae fine quibus esse nolo. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Aureae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Cochiae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de octo rebus. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de Mirobalans. 
20  Pilulae Elephanginae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Aggregatiue. 
Ibidem  Pills of Rhubarb. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de sarcocolla. 
Ibidem  Pilulae faetidae maiores. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de Euphorbio. 
Ibidem  Pilulae lucis maiores. 
Ibidem  Pilulae lucis minoris. 
2●  Pilulae de lapide Lazul●. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de Bdellio. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de Hermodactylis. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Arthriticae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae stomachiae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae ante cibum. 
Ibidem  Pills of Agarike, or Agarici. 
Ibidem  Pills of Fumiterre. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Communès. 
22  Pilulae de Assaieret. 
Ibidem  Pilulae Bichicae. 
Ibidem  Pilulae imperiales. 
Ibidem  Pilulae de Hiera picra. 
Ibidem  Pomatum. 
33  Pessis. 
36  Pocks, how to heal them, with eight things considered. 
Fol. 42. and .43    


R.  Rosata novella. 
Fol. 23    


S.  SYrupus de Acet●sitate citri. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Acetosa. Simpl. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Agresta. labru●ea●, or unripe Grapes·s 
Ibidem  Syrup of Calamints or of calamint▪ 
ib.  Syrup de Menta. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Absinthio. 
34  Syrup of Fumitery. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Fumoterrae simplex. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Liquerice. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Hyssop. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Marrubio. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Epithymo. 
25  Syrupus de Eupatorio. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Sticados. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Violis, or Violets. 
Ibidem  Syrup. de Papavers simp. or Poppy▪ 
Ibidem  Syrupus de papavere compositus. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Myrtes comp. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Myrtes simp. 
26  Syrup of Acetosus simplex, 
Ibidem  Syrupus Acetosus compositus. 
Ibidem  Syrup. de succo Endiviae, or Endive sim. 
ib▪  Syrup of Endive compositus 
Ibidem  Syrup of Succory, or Cich●ri●. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Quinces. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Nenuphar, or water Lilies. 
I●.  Syrup of Barberies. 
27  Syrup of tart Pomegranates. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Bizantijs. 
Ibidem  Sirupus de infusione Rosarum viridium, or greed Roses. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Rosis siccis, or dried Roses. 
i●.  Syrupus de succo Rosarum. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de juiubis. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Maidenhayre comp. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Maydenhayre simp. 
Ibidem  Syrup of the same. 
Ibidem  Syrup of Mugwort. 
Ibidem  Syrupus de Limonibus. 
28  Syrupus de Cetrach. 
Ibidem  Syrup of bugloss. 
Ibidem  Syrup of the same. 
Ibidem  Sapo Moschato. 
Ibidem  Sugar Roset. 
34  Sacculum, or scutum. 
36    


T.  THeriaca Galenj. 
Fol. 2●  Trifera sarasenica. 
Ibidem  Trochisci Diarhodon abbatis. 
29  Trochisci de Violis. 
Ibidem  Trochisc de Squilla. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Theriaci. 
Ibidem  Trochisci diacorallion▪ 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Camphora. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Alchachengj. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Myrrah. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Moscho. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Rubarbaro. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Spodio. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Absinthio. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Eupatorio. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de terra sigillata. 
Ibidem  Trochisci de Ambra. 
Ibidem  Tela Galterij. 
Ibidem    


V  unguentum Apostolicum. 
31  unguentum Rorarum. 
Ibidem  unguentum basilicum maius. 
Ibidem  unguentum Aureum. 
Ibidem  unguentum basilicum minus. 
Ibidem  unguentum populeon. 
Ibidem  unguentum martiaton. 
Ibidem  unguentum Aregon. 
Ibidem  unguentum Dialthea. 
32  unguentum Agrippae. 
Ibidem  unguentum Diapompholigos. 
Ibidem  unguentum de Enulacampana. 
Ibidem  unguentum contra scabiem. 
Ibidem  unguentum pro pueris scabiosis. 
Ibidem  unguentum desiccatiuum Rubrum. 
33  unguentum contra lumbricos. 
Ibidem  unguentum Resumptiuum. 
Ibidem  unguentum Album. 
Ibidem  unguentum Matritum. 
Ibidem  unguentum Aegyptiacum. 
Ibidem  unguentum Citrinum. 
Ibidem  unguentum Neapolitanum. 
Ibidem  Another unguentum. etc. 
Ibidem  unguentum Galeni. 
34  unguentum pro Combustione ignis, to heal white fire. 
Ibidem  U●pours, and Parfumes. 
39    


W  WAter for soar Eyen. 
Fol. 37  Water for the Web. 
38  Water of Furnerius for Cankers. 
Ibidem  Water most sweet. 
Ibidem  Water to make sleep. 
40  Water for the Palsy. 
Ibidem  Waters composed. 
41  Water of Quintessence. 
Ibidem  Water of life, called Aqua vitae. 
42  Water to kill the Canker, by sir Anthony Hevenigham Knight. 
Ibidem     
And thus end the names of compounds.  
The end of the Book of compounds, and here after followeth the Book of the use of certain compounds.  Sickness. 
NOw you have endded your Table, with the names of compounds There are certain words, very hard for me to understand, as when you do name Apophlegmatismus, Dropax, Lineament. etc. I know not what they do mean, by their proper names: I pray you tell me the significations.  Health. 
WHen you come to Apophlegmatismus, it is a singular good medicine to purge phlegm by vomit, or else to draw from the head, ●uill & gross humours, & is used sometime, as I have rehearsed in the proper place of Apophlegmatismus, before spoken.  
And by mixture understand, what sundry Confections, and Electuaries, be mingled together, to be taken in the morning, or else three hours before repast of meat and drink, to purge choler. etc.  
Confectura, is a medicine mingled of Simples, or some meat digested: as cibus confectus, meat digested. There are sundry confections, as Confectio Hamech. etc.  
Electu●rium is commonly known, made moist with Honey, Sugar, & powders for to cleanse humours, being taken in the morning, in Bolo, that is in the same mass, rolled with Sugar, or else in Potione, or drunk with waters, according to the complexion: as to the choleric least, and most to the Melancholy person▪ by the reason of his earthly nature. And of Electuries be divers, and of sundry inventions, as Rasis made one for an Heathen king, whose name was Almansor. To this king he writeth much, concerning bodily health, and to put away pensiveness, heaviness, and Melancholy, he made Elestuarium Laetificans Rasis.  
Electuarium de succo Rosarum of Roses, Electuarium frigidum Cophonis of one called Cophe. Read of this man, and many more, in the work of Mesue.  
Electuarium gemmarum of precious stones. etc. with many more worthy Electuaries, profitable for mankind: some warming, and some cooling. etc.  
Tragea, are sundry pleasant powders, mingled together, which are cast upon delicate mea●es, or put in Wine against cold in the Stomach, or Colic, wholesome for the Melancholy, or Phlegmatic body, which is cold or windy.  
Conserve is known, as of Prunes, Barberies. etc. and will conserve and keep the strained fruits, wherein spices with Sugar, and sometime sweet waters are sodden together, to make it both to last in itself, and pleasure much the receiver, which shall eat thereof, Morning, and Evening. Also young fruits, as Nuts, Pears. etc. and flowers may be conserved, preserved, and condited in syrups. Keeping their form, and goodness, with much virtue.  
Trifera sa●acenica against frenzy, Melancholy, and coldness. etc. was invented of the Saracens, to be drunk in wine.  
Esdra was made by Esdras the holy man, when the people of Israel were in captivity, in great misery and affliction of mind: this was the bodily remedy for all the pains of the head, coming of cold.  
Aurea Alexandria was made in Alexandria, & used for the singular virtue against cold rheums, and to comfort the brain: like as gold excelleth all other metals in riches, so doth this all other in virtue.  
Lohoch is a pleasant thing, as Lohoch Sanum, Lohoch de Pino. etc. This Lohoch is to lick or melt under the tongue, against pains in the throat, and Lungs, and is good to help the cough.  
Syrup of Liquorice, Horehound. etc. are made Simple or compound, to be taken a mornings and evenings, some be hot and some be cold.  
Rob is a certain thing made hard, and put into medicines: there is Dia rob, very wholesome for the liver, and put into medicines for the mouth as in gargarism.  
Decoction is a drink most wholesome to cleanse the body, or to restrain, or else may be put in Clysters either to purge or stop according to▪ the nature of the sickness. When ye will purge, take opening seeds, leaves Barks, roots, etc. with Sugar, & seethe them, then strain them through a clean woollen cloth, add to Sugar: & let the patient drink a mornings, two or three days. And when you stop decoct Planten, shepherds purse, gum Arabike. etc. strain it and drink it morning and evening. Note also that syrups and decoctions be best new, specially the decoction which will not last long.  
julep is not sodden so thick as a syrup, but is clear made with sundry good waters and clean Sugar, and is wholesome for the Liver, as of the waters of Cicory, Endive or syrups and waters together. Infusion, is when the Apothecaryes' do for twelve or xxiiii. hours, put purging medicines in Water, as rhubarb, Agarike, Succo rosa●um etc. and then strain them forth to drink and purge in the morning.  
Trochisces are many, as of Cappers, Wormwood, rhubarb etc. and are dry like small tablemen, used in medicines, beaten into powder and may be long kept.  
Sufuf is a goodly aromatic powder, made of spices as Galanga. etc.  
Sief is made for sore eyen, white and hard in the form of a little Sugar loaf, but scant an inch long, which must be steeped in Rose Water, and women's milk, to be applied to the eyen, to help them.  
Collyrium is made of Sief, when it is soft, or dissolved for sore eyen.  
Pills are of sundry kinds and natures, of great strength & virtue, to expulse evil matter, and may be taken at evening morning, and Ante cibum: according to their natures as I have written. But old Pills are dangerous new, are good, how be it, perilous for very fat bodies. There are also Pills restraining, or stopping, as for flixes.  
Suffimentum▪ is sundry powders for women, cast upon coals, whose smoke doth subtly pass into the body, or matrix, and sometime for men.  
Nasalia are wholesome things to be put into the nose, to comfort the brain and stop the bleeding at the nose  
Frontasia are good to reconcile sleep, to be applied to the forehead, the length twelve inches.  
Masticatorium, to champ upon, to draw forth phlegm from the head and to cleanse the teeth.  
Gargarismus, is to gargoyle in the mouth, not to swallow it down, to cleanse the mouth, throat, and teeth, put in warm to.  
glister is ministered beneath, and are of sundry kinds: relaxing, binding and restoring, and must be ministered, neither too cold, for Wind, nor to hot, for excoriation or scalding, But temperate to cleanse and work his proper effect. Clysters are good for the stone, and when one can take no Purgation by the mouth, Clysters are most best.  
Athanasia is so named, because it is so excellent in goodness, against the immoderate flux menstrual in women, it is called a medicine immortal: of which I shall speak of more, in a particular Book by itself God willing.  
Epithema, is used inwardly for the Liver, and also fine wool, or raw silk quilted, and steeped in waters and powders, accordingly. Scarlet in Grain, is wholesome for the same purpose.  
Lineament is made to anoint, or make soft, having no wax therein.  
Pess●s is made to be applied, into the secret place of a woman, to help the evils of the Matrix.  
Sac●ulum is a bag or quylte, wherein Spites cordial, with wholesome herbs are put in, and made warm with wine, vinegar, or sweet Water, and so applied to the stomachs of sick folks.  
Cerot is made of Wax, Spite, and Oil, spread upon leather, and applied to the breast. etc. as Cerotum Galenj pro stomacho.  
Insessus is sweet herbs sodden in sweet Water and wine, in which the patient must sit at even.  
Suppositor, is to put under in at the Fundament, for to relax the Bellies of weak bodies.  
Fomentum is to wash the sore body with herbs, which must be much sodden, and applied to the sore place. etc.  
Dropax is good for scald heads, to cleanse them: and for Women that would have high foreheads, against Nature. For a Dropax will pull of the hair.  
Emplastrum is commonly known, and is grossye made of herbs, Spices etc. and warm to be applied to the sore, or pained place of the body.  
Frication, is rubbing or chafing of the body, with warm Clotheses in the morning.  
Dentifricium, is made of things to cleanse the Teeth, and make them white: as with dried Mallow roots etc.  
With many more pretty and apt notes of Medicines, but these shall suffice for man's health: which the preparers of medicines, must wisely mark and observe, with these xxi. notes following. 
i. 
Mu first serve God, foresee the end, be cleanly, pity the poor.  ii·s 
Must not be suborned for money, to hurt mankind.  iii· 
His place of dwelling & shop to be cleanly to please the senses withal  iiii 
His garden must be at hand, with plenty of herbs, seeds & roots  v 
To sow, set, plant, gather, preserve and keep them in due tyme.  vi. 
To read Dioscorides, to know the natures of plants & herbs. etc.  seven 
To invent medicines to choose by colour▪ taste, odour, figure etc.  viii 
To have his mortars, stills, pots, filters, glasses, boxes clean and sweet, etc.  ix. 
To have Charcoles' at hand, to make decoctions, syrups. etc.  x. 
To keep his clean wares close, and cast away the baggage,  xi· 
To have two places in his shop, one most clean for the physic and a base place, 
Thapoticarye.  for Chirurgie stuff.  xii 
That he neither increase, nor diminish the physicians bill, and keep it for his own discharge.  xiii 
That he neither buy nor sell rotten drugs,  xiiii 
That he peruse often his wares, that they corrupt not.  xv 
That he put not in quid pro quo, without advisement,  xuj 
That he may open well a vein for to help the pl●uresy.  xvii. 
That he meddle only in his vocation.  xviii. 
That he delight to reed Nicolaus Myrepsus, Valerius Cordus, johannes Placaton, the Lubik. etc.  nineteen 
That he do remember his office. is only to be the Physicians Co●ke.  xx 
That he use true measure and weight.  xxi 
To remember his end, and the judgement of God: and thus I do commend him to god, i● he be not covetous, or crafty seeking his own lucre, before other men's health, succour & comfort.    Sickness. 
I Assure you if the Apothicary do godly observe these plain rules, he can not do amiss: but shall please almighty God, profit the common wealth in his calling. Finally quiet his conscience, & live well. I pray you show unto me a little of the weights and measures, and so make an end of this part which is of medicines.  Health. 
IF I should speak much of weight and m●●sure, that I could not well do, without I should allege the learned man Georgius Agricola, de mensuris & ponderibus, who maketh the distinction of all the measures of this world, of every age & people. Who I do wish that you do often times read & for this present time let this suffice for weight, as followeth, for this little book passed before.  
The whighte of 
A pound. 
li.  An ounce. 
℥  A dram. 
ʒ.  A scruple. 
℈  A Grain. 
G   The weight of 
of each part, 
ana.  A quarter, 
q.  Halfe. 
ss.  A handful. 
M.    
Note also that the Apoticaryes, do divide a pound thus. li. ℥ xii ℥. i.ʒ.viii ʒ. ℈ iii ℈ i G. xx.  
Further there is a measure called Pugillum, or a little handful, noted thus. 
Another note for weights and measures.  P  
And ever measure your Herbs by the handeful. M. your Flowers by the. P.  
Your roots and seeds by weight. ℈. ʒ. ℥. etc., But sometime the roots are used in number, as in decoction. etc.  
The liquorice and powders, by weight, as the seeds.  
Fruits are used in number, as Apples, Prunes, Mirobalans etc. not by weight, as. ʒ ℥. li. but i. ii.iii iiii. v. etc.  
Also when you do come to decoction, or seething of your things: Consider that you first have pure clean vessels, as Iron or stone, avoid stinking brass, as much as you may, and prepare white metal to make in your decoctions, with very clean water: than you must have your roots clean scraped and sodden. Why the roots first? Marry because they be harder, than any other thing in see thing or decoction▪ 
Why roots are first sodden in▪ decoction. & whiflowers are last put in decoction.  therefore they had need of much seething to make them tender, next after them put in your seeds. And last of all your Flowers or Seine leaves, for because they be tender, & will quickly pass away by smoke vapour and air: let it seethe neither upon a sharp quick fire, nor upon a slow, but upon a mean, unless it require much haste. But after the seething let it stand by, in some convenient place: and then strain the same Decoction, through a clean white woollen, or Scarlet in grain cloth, and so reserve it to use of Medicine.  
Suppositours must be made of Honey, sodden to a thickness and tempered with a stick, 
How to make Suppositers.  and when it is almost sodden, then put your Salt, and Hiera picra Simplex when your Honey is almost thick, or else the Hiera will loose his strength, than roll it with butter in the form of a spindle, smaller at one end, then at the other in length, according to the body as a Finger, two fingers in length.  
Clysters you have the making of them before, but because trouble and time hath prevented me, 
Clysters.  I cold not doo● so much in Clysters. etc. as by God's grace. I do intent hereafter. Therefore I commend thee to Nicholaus Myrepsus. V Cordus. I. Placatom, and also to one of this time of little fame because he hath written but a little book, but yet this work is excellent good for a Apothecary, his name is Petrus Gorias Bitriscensis. Note also, that you must have your Clyster pipe, and bladders in store, to minister the Clysters, neither very hot nor cold, for fear of wind, or scalding in the guts. Also I have said before, your Clysters must be first of decoction with your roots, than seeds, last Seen, than strained, and so your Oils and Hiera picra etc. with a little recoction, and so given a pint. etc. Even so there be Clysters restraining and stopping etc.  
syrups some be Simple, that is made of one thing, putting there unto Sugar, 
syrups, simple & compound,  or honey, and this Syrup is made of the juice of Herbs, or fruits as Borage etc. Either the juice is stamped and strained, & clarified or else the herb is sodden in water, until the water be consumed to the third part, then strain it, and put the decoction again into the Kettell, or Pan, and recocte it again, putting in the Sugar, compounded with sundry syrups, as Grossery, as spices, and Seeds, are decocted, and sodden together.  
juleps must be sodden but lightly, made thin and clear, and are made of Uyolets, Roses, or syrups, and Waters together.  
Infusion must stand all the night together, as Agarike, Rhubarb, Seine etc. and stilled water, & in the morning strongly pressed forth into a clean vessel, to the use of potion, to purge.  
A stone of Marble must be prepared, to cast Manus Christi, or Lozenges upon: which Lozenges must be made of Sugar, put into the Pan with Rose or sweet water, sodden to a thickness, and when it is so thick, that a drop thereof will be clear, like Venice Terebintyne, then put in your Cordial powders, or Dias, stirring it with a stick, cast it abroad upon your stone. Note also, that your stone be either anointed, with Oil of Almonds, or else sifted over with the powder of Cinnamon, whereby you may take up your Table, to make your Lozenges▪ The names and quantities of them, are before rehearsed in the compounds.  
Electuarium must be sodden thick, and kept close, as Electuarium de succo Rosarum. etc. and ℥ i of any Electuary, is sufficient to be taken at once in the morning, with distilled waters accordingly.  
Pills. ʒ. j. made in five, or seven Pills, is sufficient to purge the Body withal. Powders, syrups, and Waters must be always prepared for Pills, and to make them new, beaten in a clean Mortar together, and kept close.  
For moist, or liquid things shortly to besaid.  
Amphora is xlviij Sextarius, and this Sextarius doth contain a Pint and a half, which is ounces xxiiij that is. l.ij. Roman weight.  
Vrna is half of Amphora, which xxiiij Sextaries, here in England are two gallons, & a half. And thus I do end of these medicines aforesaid, and what faults be escaped, amendss shall be made, God willing. 
Haec sunt usitata Medicamina quae in officinis Medicamentarijs ubique ferè prostant, reliqua ad praescriptum Medicorum parentur, quod non difficile est in communibus exercitato.  Valeto.  
Gulielmus Bullenus. januarij, anno salutis. 1562.  
Hereafter followeth the Book of the use of Sick-men, and wholesome medicine.   


The Book of the use of sick men, and medicines.   
Surfeyte, age, and sickness, are enemies all to health,  
Medicines to mend the body, excel all worldly wealth:  
Pisicke shall flourish, and in danger will give cure,  
Till death unknit the lively knot, no longer we endure.   

The Book of the use of sick men, and medicines.  Sickness. 
ALthough medicines, ●s compositions, be well made in all poyncts, wanting no Simples, yea, and also the Simples are good and new, and the Apothicary cunning: yet it oftentimes happeneth that the same good medicines do hinder me more, than my painful dolorous sickness: in whom is then the fault? I pray you.  Health. 

The fruit of rash ministration of medicines.  IT should appear, neither in the medicine, nor in the Apothicary, but in the undiscreet giver, or rash Physician, which men, be the death oftentimes of many, that put their trust in them, as evil Medicine is. I therefore shall show thee, what is to be done, against such evil accidents, if they do chance, how to remove them. And how thou shalt behave thyself wisely, in receiving potions. etc. For in the time of sickness, sometime we lose, or make the belly laxative, when it is stopped, even so we do restrain, stop and bind the belly, when it doth immoderately run with laxes. Sometime we do mortify or kill evil humours, that rebel against Nature. And also we restore to nature, when it is decayed things restorative, 
A good Kitchen, is a good Apothicaryes shop.  as Cordials, Dias & Syrups according, with Kitchen physic: which Kitchen I assure thee, is a good Apothecary's shop. When we make evacuation with laxatives, then use we Scammony, Rhubarb, Cassiafistula. etc. But when we restrain or bind the body, we give Acatia and Opium. In restoring, repairing, or binding nature, than we minister ●n meats & drinks, & other convenient medicines, Diarhodon, Triasandali, Diamargariton, etc. And there is an other kind of cure, when the matter is not mature or ripe, crude & couched fast, which must be displaced with decoctions, warm syrups and medicines according, which I shall declare hereafter. But here I will speak some thing of Medicines solutive, or laxative: and then next of constrictive, or binding. thirdly, of the manner of restoring, helping, or mending. Fourthly to digest, change & altar. 
Four things considered attraction, dissolving. etc.  Now concerning the first, which is medicines solutive: we use them three manner of ways. First by attraction or drawing. Secondly by dissolution or wasting. Thirdly, by expulsing and driving forth. Then we do this divers and sundry ways, according to the diversity of the place where the matter is contained within the body. Then we lose & relax, with Benedicta laxativa, or Catharico imperiali, or such like electuaries. We make attraction with Aloes, and certain of the Opiattes. etc. We do expel with Scylla, washed in the waters of tamarinds, & such like: and as the matter is, so do we work, and prepare potions, according to the diversity of the place, where the evil humour or matter lieth hidden, which we intend to dispacthe, by God's grace, without whose furtherance, nothing cometh to good luck, and all our labour is in vain, although we watch, rise, study, labour. etc. Therefore let the minister of the medicine diligently foresee the verity of the matter, so that he may minister one or two potions of medicines, according to the property and place. As for example, if the matter be in the stomach, liver, or places near the same, one potion shall suffice to evacuate and expulse the same: but if the evil matter do lie in places distant, and far from the stomach, as it happeneth to them that have the gou●e, whose grief is in the Feet. We give more medicines, 
Property and place, must be observed.  to dissolve, remove, and open the matter, which is so far of the stomach: then we give the juice of Polipodie, and Agarike, and the Pills called the Serapino, or Pills de Lapide Armenio, descriptionis Mesuae, and such like. Then secondly, we use to give medicines which have virtue, to altar, to draw and attract the loosed humours to the stomach, 
The virtue of bitter medicines is great  and so dissolve them with Benedicta, Hieralogodion, and Hiera picra. etc. For bitter things do penetrate & pierce sooner to the extreme parts, & do purge more, then do any other medicines. Thirdly, we give an expulsive, and expel the humours that be gathered & already drawn in the stomach with, Psileum. etc.  Sickness. 
But I pray you, how do you use these medicines?  Health. 
IN manner following. Medicines to expel, we give one in the morning, the second at Noon, the third at Night: the cause may so require, 

Apotion mus● be given at three sundry times, to remove and expulse matter from the stomach.  
A Caveat. to beware.   the one at evening, another at midnight, the third in the morning. Take heed also, that the humours be not to much dissolved▪ in the second ministration: but after the first potion, the Patient may sleep, because the potion is more weaker, when it is once drunk, than when it is taken two times, for being drunk twice, than it is double in strength. Some men may not away with medicines: well, to such we give but only a digestive, and an expulsive. And to them that are not able to receive two, 
Man's natures must be observed, a little medicine will work much of some men, and a strong medicine, will skan● work, on some other man.  we give them but one, but that one in effect, must be as good as the three: which must dissolve, attract, and expel, which way of purgation is not hurtful. For Physicians seldom times do give two, or three potions, but it is greater oversight: for if one potion will purge, how much more will two or three: for one strong potion, h●th not that virtue, and efficacy that three men's potions have: although one strong potion, and vehement medicine, do quickly purge the neither parts of the Stomach, even so it may be so quick, that it will penetrate to the extreme parts, as the head, hands, & feet .. Also the virtue of the medicine, if it be weak in operation, it doth vanish away, through the passage of the unapt parts, whereby that it cannot reach to the extreme members. And also, when we do intent to purge the extreme parts, than we do give two preparatives, to the intent that the third, may have the ●reer way, and more effectual passage. If we must needs give but one, than 〈◊〉 it be done by little, & little, & oftentimes, so that the matter may be purged, fair, & softly, and not rashly, nor suddenly, as it chanceth in many places, where the Patient doth receive such medicines, that he goeth forty, or three score times to the stool. 
Requiem eternam, with a spade.  Such medicines once do cause the patient, to have sung for them, Requiem eternam, dona eis domine, which is, O Lord, give them everlasting rest, for sure we be, through such medicines, in this World, they shall never have rest, nor health. For these swift, strong purgations, do weaken the body, dry up the blood, consume nature bring convulsion, or palsy, & finally retain evil humours, and let the good humour out. Therefore▪ Hypocrates saith, after sudden evacuation, or repletion, to hot, or to cold, be deceitful, and utterly adversaries to Nature.  Sickness. 
I Had thought to have made no more to do, but when my belly had been costive, or bound, to have taken any thing that had been laxative, but now I perceive by so doing, I should have done myself more hurt than good: For by such actions & doings, I am brought into this case, 
Like as heat consumeth, even so do Physic money.  but from henceforth, I will take better heed, & God aforne. For so help me God and holidame, gossope Health, I got such a sickness in Flaunders, that by the space of two years, consumed my money among the Physicians, that in the end, they had all my riches & gain, and I nothing but sickness & pain: then like wise men, they counseled me, to go home into my native Country where, said they, the Air should be my chief Physician. Even so I did, but my sickness is so inveterate & old, that the air was unsufficient to be my help: yet the country is very pleasant, ye know it very well, it is Suffolk, whereas very few Physicians do inhabit, of mine acquaintance, but only an old Empiric, called John Preston, some take him to be a great clerk, but I think he is learned beyond the mark. For all men in that country, he is greatly sought unto: for he playeth our Lady of Walsingham, 
John Preston, called John of Ston●ham  giving as much health for a penny, as she did holiness: yet custom hath commenced him amongst the common people, to be their doctor. I was this man's patient a great time, but yet I never heard him talk of Hypocrates, and Galen, he troubles not his house with any of their books. What shall I say, all the time that I was with him, he used to minister his purgations by chance medley, to his patients, happy man by his ●ole, some speed well, but I do remain sick still. And as I do perceive by these three rules, that the fault was in abusing, misusing, and not duly ministering of his medicines: how, and in what manner therefore should I receive, or give my friend medicine, without error accordingly, I beseech thee gentle Health tell me.  Health. 

When purging medicines are to be geeven, first minister herbs and drinks to provoke urine.  WHen you will give any purgation, or medicine, diet your patient first, by the space of a day or two, with meats or suppings, to provoke urine: as the ●roathes of flesh & fish, boyl●d Onions with fat Pork. Also give the patient two or three times poached Eggs, saused with a little Wine & Pepper, or herbs mollifiing or softening the belly, as Arage, called Atriplex, Mallows & Mercury. etc. For which cause saith Hypocrates, when any may will purge the body, he must first prepare the matter to be flowing, that when the purgation doth come, it may easily pass, & carry away all the evil humour, 
Preparatives must be first given. & then purgation.  without grief or hurt. And this must be given to hard Complexions, which will not easily give place to purgation: for in case the medicine lo●e not, it will imprison, shut up, and close, both the humour & the purgation, rather than purge accordingly. Upon which occasion, saith Galen, these Methodians, while as they make light of medicines preparative, 
Methodici, be Physicians that observe certain rules by art.  they enclose the matter, and make no evacuation, therefore they 'cause not only the sickness of the Lungs, but also of the joints, as Hands and Feet.  Sickness. 
Now sir, for that you are very sensible, & talk in good order, I pray you furthermore, if you be not weary of my poor company: show me how that I may best prepare medicine for myself and others accordingly.  Health, 
FOr asmutch as I do lack many of my Companions, which be now a days, 
The causes of sickness.  all on thy side, enticed by idleness, surfeit, & their companion gluttony, & now are they all with thee, I know them well by sight, but I keep very little company with them. For if I so did, I should lose my name, & be called no more Health, but miserable wretched Sickness, as Fever▪ Dropsy, palsy, blind, lame, frantic, consumed, rapture, gouty, pocky. etc. Yet would God, would God, if thou & they be not past cure: I wish you all on my side again. For I confess, many of you have much wealth, but all you lack Health. But to want both, if age approach, I promise thee it is the first hell, the greatest extreme misery, and most wretched enemy to mankind, that can be invented, how sayest thou, is it not so? Thou canst not denay it. Well, yet it is a manifest sign of health to seek it. Continued therein, & thou shalt find it: and for this thy honest demand, how medicines should be prepared You shall prepare them in this manner, if you quicken your purgation with Scamonie quicken it ten or xu days, 
How to prepare medicine  before it be given: so that the said Scamonie may be incorporated with the spices. But note that the Scamonie be well rubbed between the hands, or chafed in a mortar, with oil of Roses, or Violets, or syrup of Roses, well wrought between the hands, putting there unto a little Mastic. For Mastic hath a property, that it will let, & not suffer Scamonie to cleave to the folds of the stomach, which oftentimes causeth a bloody flux, & excoriation of the guts. But by this mixture, the malice of the medicine is excluded, and will do no harm: but if any chance happen in any such case, it will be soon helped. But there be many bloody villains, 
Scamonie is perilous, except it be well prepared, and doth kill many one.  which will give Medicines immediately, after they have put in Scamonie, before it be well incorporated with spices. For the longer it is incorporated, so much it will purge the more effectually and gently. Now if you have not this medicines prepared, and of necessity it must be given, or ministered in such case: let the Scamonie be rubbed or chafed, as is aforesaid, with oil & Syrup of Roses, & a little clean Mastic, & thus being quickened, it may be given after two or three days: you must also roast the medicine, in this manner following. Take a grey Costarde, or a Quince, cut it a sunder overthwart in the mids, pike out the Core, then put in the powder of Scamonie, than put it together again: when this is done, wrap it close in a wet linen cloth, and cover it in the hot Emers of small coals and ashes. When it is well roasted, them take it forth, and mingle it with a Medicine, and being thus prepared, it may be given after two days. But take heed still, that it be not finely powdered, for fear of cleaving to the Stomach, through which may come a bloody flix, and excoriation of the guts: but it must be beaten grossly, that it may tarry the longer, or more time in the stomach. And why so? Marry, than it shall dissolve the lurking humours, which be hidden privily, in the extreme parts, as head, hands, and gouty feet. 
lurking humours how to find them and expulse them.  But if you either will receive, or give a potion, then temper it with Rhubarb, Mirobalans, or Agarike, and let it stand a day and a night, according as the medicine shall require, wherewith the matter shallbe purged, at Morning, sometime at Even, as I shall declare hereafter. If a man be strong, lusty, and not weak, than he may take the substance in the potion. If he be feeble, tender, or weak, then to strain it, and drink the liquor only: thus, or after this manner, is to prepare medicines.  Sickness. 
How and in what manner, do you give solutive medicines?  Health. 
Solutive medicines, be sometime given to the whole, and sometime to the sick. 
Medicines so●iti●e. why they are given.  To the sick, to expulse sickness: to the whole to preserve them in health. Then when thou myndest to minister to thyself, or to any other, first consider the sickness, and the matter whereof it groweth, and the place infected. When these things be well noted, then as the matter shall require, even so minister accordingly, as is said before. But consider this, that the medicine must not be offered, until such time, as the matter or humour be decocted, riped & made soft, 
The chief sign of digestion.  whereupon saith Hypocrates, we must purge digested matter, but not move crude, raw matter. etc. The digestion of matter is known, by thickness of urine, in case a thine urine passed before the said thick urine by attenuation, but is a thick urine, come before the thin, than it is a Fever. Wherefore know first the distinction of the matter in this behalf. Now if it be undigested, use incisives, and things that provoke urine: then after you have provoked urine with Herbs accordingly, 
It helpeth much to nature, to provoke urine.  than may you minister your medicine. But on the other side, when you will give a Medicine la●atyne, to the whole body. First, consider what humour doth abound, and the same is that, which causeth the pain and sickness in the body: & therefore purge this cause, 
That humour which doth abound, purge the same The cause of sickeneess.  & then the effect shall cease, by God's grace. Now furthermore, if there be two humours, equal abounding together, extremely in superfluity, than there must be more Simples, put unto the composition, according to the quality or quantity of the humour, to purge the same. As when choler and blood do abound, then purge with confectio Hamech. etc. For if two humours be superfluous, and then if you give to purge but one humour, 
Hypocrates. Purge that which should be purged, or else meddle  the body will be molested, sick, and grieved: and for this cause Hypocrates saith. Si qualia oportet purgari purgentur, confert & benè ferunt, si vero non: contrarium: which is, if such things be purged, which aught to be purged, is good and available and men bore it well, if not, than it is clean contrary and evil.  Sickness. 
What sign or manifest token, is then to be given, whereby a man should perceive the humours by, I pray you say on?  Health. 
PArtly they may be known by certain things, what humours to abound, 
How to know what humour doth abound, by his proper token.  or aught to be purged or cleansed, within the bodies of Men. or Women. As example▪ if any man be lean, or want his flesh, yea, or whiteshe of complexion or fleshy, & have salt spittle in his mouth, with bitterness of taste, in such bodies salt phlegm doth chief abound, and needeth purgation: but they which feel the moisture, or spittle sweet in their mouths, & have plenty of swelling veins appear in their faces, and also have noisomeness & abhorring in their stomach, 
Of sweet phlegm.  with aptness to vomit, and urine read, thick, & oyley, this is a manifest sign, of the abundance of sweet phlegm. further, if any man do feel tartness, or sowernes in his mouth, 
Tart phlegm.  with quick appetite, no thirst or desire to drink in this case, there tart phlegm greatly aboundeth, & doth reign, when all the spittle seemeth like vinegar. Sometime the mouth doth feel no taste, & is unsavoury, feeling nothing but like Well water: neither hath appetite or dryness, desiring neither meat nor drink: this is an unsavoury phlegm, and needeth purgation. 
Signs manifest declaring what humours bear the greatest rule, in the bodies of Men and women without which it is not possible to purge, according to art● but rather to kill.  Nature hath oftentimes rebelling against her bitterness in the mouth, but no saltness, the urine thine, yellow or reddysh in colour: this doth declare that read choler hath the victory. Great strong bitter vomits, as bitter gall in the mouth, without vomits, and urine yellow or ruddish not very thin: these signs do declare, there doth reign in the Body, evil corrupted and infested collar. But if it, be of less thinness, redness, and bitterness: than it is collar, vitelline or like yolks of Eggs. that doth abound. Well, if the urine be yellow and thine, having small residence in the bottom, and great bitterness in the mouth, than Citrine colour, is a Lord, and ruleth above nature, therefore this and the rest▪ aught to be purged with medicines, made according to the art, to put these cruel enemies away, which else will put the whole body, with all the members, 
Signs to know when Melancholy doth approach▪ after whom cometh the quartain.  in peril of dissolution and death Mark when slothfulness, dullness, idleness, weariness, and heaviness be greater, than they be accustomed to be: the appetite increased, and thirst diminished, and all the members, as though they had been weary, after some painful labour, when these signs do appear, then Melancholy must needs be purged with speed. If the veins be full, most chiefly in the Face, also when as the pulses be very full, with plenty of sweet spittle in the mouth with swelling, & the blushing in the face, heaviness, painfulness, and weariness in the shoulders, as it happeneth after labour, or bearing some heavy burden, and the urine thick and read, in these men Blood doth plentifully abound, which may be helped, by the opening of the vein Mediana or Cephalica, or applying of boxing glasses, with skarifying the place first if either purging do seem to long, or else the opening of the vein, is not done accordingly. etc. Electuarium of Succorosarum. etc. be good to purge blood.  Sickness. 
HOw then do you purge phlegm, which is one of the four Humours. I pray you tell me? For lack of medicine, convenient for the same: there be many which be daily cast away, as it appeareth by the rules of Physic.  Health, 
TO speak of phlegm simply, it must be purged with these Medicines, as with Benedicta laxativae, Catarico imperiali: decoction of Polipodie, Agarike. 
Purgers of phlegm.  etc. But salt phlegm is purged with the holy bitter medicine, which the Greeks call Hiera picra simplex, Theodoricon, Anacarde, Hyperisticon. etc. Sweet phlegm must be purged with Hyeralogodion of Memphis: and the strongest Hiera picra, and such like things, for purging sweet phlegm, as appeareth in the compounds of medicines.  Sickness. 
How do you purge burnt read Choler, which is hot and dry?  Health. 
TO purge such choler, is with Trifera Saracenica, Electuario frigido, Oxyphoenicum, with the decoction of Mirobalans, Cassiafistula, 
The Manna of Calabria is the best of the world, & falleth down in the night, as dew upon flowers and leaves.  tamarinds, Uyolets, & Manna of Calabria. Choler infected, must be purged with Anacardium, or Agni corais, which groweth upon a tree in India, which tree, giveth fire of itself, & bringeth forth fruit like unto lambs hearts, but very small, having a bloody juice: of this Rasis maketh a good confection, for simple taken it is venomous. There is also an excellent Antidotum, in the .217. Cap. of Nicolaus Mirepsus, in his book of Antidotaries called Theodoreton, or God's gift, wherein Anacardus in brought is. etc. Which medicine doth help the head, 
Theodoraton a divine gift.  lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, gout▪ etc. And also purgeth Choler, so do with Hiera picra simplex, Rhubarb, Diaprunes. etc. But when Melancholy, that cold, dry, wretched Saturnus humour creepeth in, with a lean, pale, or swartysh colour, which reigneth upon solitary, careful musing Men: which humour at length, breedeth and bringeth forth a terrible Child, called the Fever quarten, 
Melancholy the worst humour of nature he b●getteth a son called the Quarten. Compounded humour may not be purged with a simple medicine, for they are to weak.  the same if he be not corrected, and banished away, will be his father's death. When he appeareth, correct him thus, as with the strongest Hieralogodion, with the decoction of Seine, Epithymum, Hamech. etc. But in case the humour be compounded, than you must also use compounded medicine: or medicine simple, doth rather hurt, than help in sutth cases. And why so? Marry being simple, it purgeth but one humour, & suffereth the other corrupted humours to remain: & what is the cause think you? Truly none other, but that it is to weak, & lacketh strength and force, which the compounded medicines. As example. George Tomson of Kelshall in Suffolk, hath a Fever tercian (well) your good will is to help him, 
A● example between a simple & a compound medicine.  & you give him a simple medicine: but what doth your simple medicine profit him? Nothing at all. For he which hath a tercian, must be purged of choler, & in such a case, because phlegm is mixed with choler, your simple may rather put forth phlegm, which is moist, and not move choler, 
The fire will get the victory, if the Water be not equal, or have the mastery. Good intentes and good acts, ●e two things.  which is hot and dry, yea, the very cause and worker of the rigour in this tercian, and so when nature hath moisture drawn away from her, which should quench the heat, then to conclude, choler shall be come the more hotter, vehementer, and cruel to nature, through a simple medicine, foolishly given of a good intent,  
When blood doth abound, or breaketh forth at the nose, commonly on the right nostril, or spitting of blood. etc. then diminish it, as I have said by dyscreete opening the vain, with a fine Lanset, and no flem with a beard, like to a blood Iron, that Smiths do let horse blood withal. For they will sometime cut a vain through both the sides, & 'cause a cramp. etc. 
ignorant Barbers, their fruits.  Also in diminishing of blood, let not the Chirurgeon without counsel, or upon ancient experience, take or open the said vain or veins. As example, William Downaby of Iken hath a grievous pain in his head with ache, he can take no rest. etc. there is no remedy, but to let him blood: the common Barber doth take his Lanset, & openeth a vain, as the blind man shooteth at a Crow, he taketh the first that cometh to hand, or appeareth greatest, perhaps a sinew, which may chance to let out the spirits of life, & kill him: well, in case this Barber, for the pains of the head, intent to open Basilica. which is vena interna, or axillaris, growing through the arm hole, & bringeth both from the heart and Liver, which are his roots, and through ignorance, do open a great sinew hard by it, which is like a vain: in which sinew the spirits of life do swiftly run up and down, mixed with the blood of life. What hath he done now? Marry slain one. And what is their refuge in such a case? The sign, say they, was in the place, & he would be needs let blood. But in case if the Barbers cunning be better, and if he open Basilica without hurt, what doth this help the head? Nothing, or else very little at all. But if you will help W. Downabies head, open Cephalica, called vena externa, with a long cut, to let out gross blood, & foul matter, and cut not deep, for fear of apostumation: this vain I say helpeth his head, to purge first with, ℈. j.ss. of the pills of Hiera simplex, a day before is better. Now if his pains be in his breast, or rightside, ye or pleurisy, then open the vain called Mediana, the middle vain, whose parents be Basilica, and Cephalica: this Mediana or Cardiaca must be opened somewhat overthwart, & so shall he bleed well, to help the griefs aforesaid: but when the matrix, reins, Bladder, or Yard, be troubled with grief, stopping, 
Observations in blood letting.  or swelling, & much pains, then in a vessel of warm Water, open vena talie the Ankle vein, called Saphena: for this old creeping vulcan's, or lame sickness, called Sciatica, with pains in the Huccle bones, can never be better helped, than to purge with Hiera, to anoint with Oil of the same, as appeareth in the Compounds, & to open the foresaid Sciatica vein, which is one of the middle, & toward the outside of the foot. And thus to open veins in order, is the best way: and when time of blood letting, is not convenient, them apply boxes with scarification, even as the place, humour, & time do require, and this shall suffice of purging humours, with blood letting.  Sickness. 
I Trust to observe these your sayings very well, dear friends Health. But how should I know, when medicines have taken their effect, and wrought accordingly, to th'endend● of their force, and virtue?  Health. 
THus you shall know, first, there is no man, but doth take medicine, 
To know, when medicine have wrought their effect.  to put away some grief: and when the grief is past and the body quiet, and no pain in the stomach, than the medicine have wrought his good effect. Then you may give the broth of a Capon, Chicken, or Hen, sometime Almond milk, or clean stewed broth, drink small Wine, of colour yellow and clean, and use moderation in eating and drinking, unless there follow an ephemerall Ague. Now the next day after purging, the patient may go to the stophe, or bathe: so that he go thither, taking no cold, or do no labour, by the space of three days, & then to use moderate exercise, and to feed upon meat, that will engender good humours. And thus to conclude, the body, or any that are sick before time, shall now be converted into a new nature, through the help of Nature, and medicine?  Sickness. 
What else I pray you, is to be observed in medicine?  Health. 
THree things are to be noted, Time, Humour, and Region: where purgation is to be ministered. first, as touching Time, 
Time, humour, region are chief to be considered.  there be two diverssities: The one is the time of the year, and the other is the time of the Day, and Night, in which every Humour hath his being. For according to the variation, and alteration of the time of the year, the manner of the purgation must be altered and changed. And Hypocrates saith, we must purge the upper parts of the body in Summer, & the neither or lower parts in Winter. (for why?) The humours do follow the property of time. 
Purge upward in Summer, & downward in Winter.  In Summer purge with Uomits, in Winter by the stool, & not without a good consideration of the time, age, & kind of disease, & habit of the body. For they, which have straight throats, may not be purged with, or by Uomit, for fear the spirit & breath of life be stopped and strangled, & so through choking, the body be killed. Again, purge not old men, by the reason of the coldness of their complexion. In Summer purge above, early in the morning. In Winter purge beneath, late at night. In the Equinoctial time, prepare at even, and the next morning after your preparative, purge by Electuary. etc. In extreme hot Regions, no purgations: in extreme cold Regions, none also. Neither in the days, which be not temperate, as to hot with the Sun, or to cold with Frost. etc. nor in the Caviculer days, except great need require.  Sickness. 
How must the day, and the night be considered, in purgations?  Health. 
WHereas the time of the day and night, be in length xxiiij hours, which is called the artificial day, & artificial night, which xxiiij hours, 
The day natural, and the day artfiiciall  make but one natural day, divided into four times six for the four complexions. For every Complexion hath his government, & dominion six hours. first the blood beginneth at nine at night, & continueth until three in the morning. And choler from three after midnight, until nine before noon. And so the other two humours: first melancholy, & phlegm, have each of them two hours, wherein they do reign, & govern the body. 
The four complexions reigning every one by hours  Now if it be Summer, & then you be minded to purge choler by vomit, than you must give the said vomit, a little before the hour of the day. So that when it hath remained, and stayed itself a while in the stomach, it may work in the hours of choler, to purge the same. In the like appointed hours, so purge melancholy downward, in his hour and make evacuation of it. If thou wilt purge phlegm, let the patient rest a God's name, by the space of three or four hours in the night, & then wake, and take his potion, or medicine, a little before Midnight, & not sleep after it, until it be purged. Now if you will purge blood, in the morning open a vein, 
The aged, the very young, weak folk, and women with child, may not be let blood.  except very old, or yongue, or people consumed, or women with child, with such I dare not have to do. If you will purge humours, otherways than thus, that is observing the hours, yea, & the mansions, or course of the Moon: you shall greatly err, & do more hurt than good.  
Furthermore, consider the diversity of humours, if blood abound, he must be let forth by the vain, Cephalica, or Mediana, etc. If Choler be to much above nature, 
Matter in the veins must be put forth by blood letting & 〈◊〉 the belly by Clyster, & in the breast by vomit.  then purge by vomit: but if choler be mixed with blood, then let blood as I have said, unless the matter be contained in the neither parts of the Belly, then purge by Clyster or potion. etc. If phlegm or melancholy be beneath, purge downwards unless it be about the mouth, or entrance of the stomach, or the upper parts of the body: mark & wisely consider the time, in all these things, for that is the chiefest point of all. For every thing, said the wiseman, hath his proper time under heaven. etc. And regions by which here in this place, the humours be considered: also the places of purging, the upper part, the neither part, the nostrils, roof of the mouth, pores of sweeting, and veins of bleeding, etc.  Sickness. 
What say you then of place, in whom the matter is contained?  Health. 
THE place in deed, as I have said, 
Place where medicine should be ministered conveniently joined with tyme.  must be considered in which a medicine shallbe given: whether it be hot in Summer, or to cold in Winter. If the day be to hot, you may cast Uinegar, Sallow branches, Violets, Water Lilies: and be in a low Uaulte, or from the Sun, and temper the place, where you will purge. On the other part if the place be to cold, make a fire of Charcoals, or a stove, which is a fire secret felt, but not seen. Close Windows from wind, in a pretty warm Chber, wyanth good whole hangyngs or ceiling. The patient to have light warm clotheses, and slippers, clean, & well lined: sweet linen▪ as sheets, shurtes, and Kerchiffes, a close chair, lined softly with a back, having a clean round basin, or vessel within the same, to receive the stools or purged matter. And then to have soft Cotten or cloth, to make clean natures privy place, you know my meaning. Forget no sweet perfumes by art, for nature will play the stinking Beast, I tell you truly. Also in this place no noise, nor utter Monkish silence, but be mindful of some honest merry matter, or pleasant tale, or things that will rejoice the spirits. etc. 
Cold doth take, and is not taken.  And this place must be thus used, in the time of purgation: but still I say, beware that you take not cold, or rather cold take not you. For in such a case, i● he get the victory, than he will put you into a sheet, and sand you to the God of Qui Lazarum.  Sickness 
Well good sir after Qui Lazarum: Credo videre bona domini, 
The hope of the life to come.  in terra viventium: And that do I believe, even to see the goodness of the Lord God, in the land of the living, 
In Adam we have our fall.  where I shall receive all my body whole and sound, in as goodly a form, as my father Adam was in, before his most Lamentable fall: by whom I am thus punished, 
Acab will kill Na●o●h, for his vineyard.  with Misery, care, heaviness, Labour, ingratitude of mine own flesh and friends, sickness, pains, soreness, & daily danger, to have my blood spilled for mine own goods, prison, affliction of mind, 
When one descendeth into himself, he shall behold fearful things  and sometime the perjured enemy doth prevail, with fiery tongue of slander, with a thousand crosses, which make me to stoop. And to despise the world, which is trapped with Snares before mine eyes in each place, and then I creep within myself, whereas I do see mine own breast and conscience, written the careful words of job, 
Man's Life is both short and miserable  Chapter xiiii Homo natus mulieris, paucorum dierum est, & repletur inquietudine. etc. Man saith he that is borne of a woman, liveth but few days, and is full of misery: few days, and yet spent in trouble, Truly there is none other purging place, or purgatory but this: 
In this life we have our purgatory, & that we feel and perceive.  which job hath poincted here with his finger. The very manner, condition, place, and torment, which is only Misery, divided into two kinds, the one is the grievous affliction and Misery, which is seen with Mortal eyen, as I have said before, as penury, Prison, sickness. etc. The second misery is not seen, but felt, as the inward agony, 
Two sundry kinds of miseries.  affliction of the spirits: not inward consolation, continual thought, sometime wishing that death might conquer Life, broken heart, and vexed spirit, full of sundry inward affection's, and alterations of mind, small rest or quietness, sorrowful for the death of kindred, or friends, being changed into bitter enemies, which is a great plague. Or goods lost, or acts done insolently in times past: and most fearful of things to come, as doing hurt, or suffering harm by enemies, or turning with a sudden fall, from the fortunate happy wheel, if it so chance, of riches, 
Sorrow for things past, and fear of things to come.  health, worship, pleasure, the victory of the enemy, and pleasuring the friend, and hearts rest. etc. into the pit and dark lake of adversity: suddenly deprived of these vain slippery things, and eftsoons linked, fettered, and entangled, withal such evils, as the heart, and spirits, do utterly detest, fear, and abhor to think upon: besides the sleeping passions of the night, with careful troubles of the spirits, and dreams most dreadful, 
Prosperity is very slippery.  of strange shapes, fearful sights, and pitiful appearing of the dead Parents, Friends, Brethrens, and old acquaintance. And sometime the armed Enemy, with frounyng face, gnashing teeth, bloody hands, do merciless approach to kill me, 
Horrible dreams in the Night,  the sleeping naked man, embracing my delight, eftsoons the flatterer doth please the ear, and pleasant things approach. And the flesh is soon moved, through wicked lust, and in the twinkling of the eye, from dream to dream, the spirits be so variable: that the Night to the careful Man, is the very Image of Hell, and specially to them which fear not God: 
Dreams to admonish men to fear God.  thus he punisheth them, as job sayeth, in the Night, to reform them. And by such affliction of the night, in the time of sleep, which is brother to death. In which time the almighty doth school mankind, rebuke him, and suffer the wicked Enemy to scourge him with strange visions. etc. Mankind may soon thereby, undoubtedly behold and perceive the soul, 
The soul never sleepeth. Men do dream, according to their temperament or complexion.  which is lively occupied, when as the gross senses of the body. be stopped, and in a manner dead: neither seeing, hearing. etc. Now whether it be dream, illusion, vision. etc. as some do say, or the effects, or works, of the four complexions, as the choleric man, to dream of Fire, fight etc. The phlegmatic, to dream of water. etc. And so in the other two complexions, or as Artemidorus in his book of dreams sayeth, they do presage, divine, or show before, what things do follow, or come after, good or bad. All these things be great miseries, and grievous afflictions of the soul, which I most humble desire God, 
Wicked spirits, do molest our spirits.  to deliver us from: and comfort us with his holy spirit, against all such evil spirits, which do molest and vex our spirits: which are a thousand times more grievous inwardly, than the outward miseries of the body: as poverty, prisonment, & extreme age. 
The troubles of the mind be greater than the crosses of the body.  etc. For look how much the soul is purer than the body▪ even so the joys, and cares of the same, be more plentiful. And this occasion hath moved me, being a sick man, to wander from our former talk. And why? Only because you spoke of Qui Lazarum, which I have heard song, in a lamentable tragedy perhaps: but my song shallbe, Beati mortui qui in domino moriuntur: Blessed be the dead, which die in the Lord: and happy are they, which liveth in him also: which is the chiefest sign of their election, and endless estate, in that place, whereas no end shallbe of perfit felicity, and life for ever: whereas neither enemy, sickness, wounds, prison, or poverty shall vex the immortal bodies, which now be subject to all calamities: 
Kings and Queens be subject to the miseries of this world and have no perfect felicity before their mortal end and beginning of immortal life.  yea from the King and Queen▪ which of all be honoured, obeyed, or flattered unto the poorest bondman, and his wife, with his wretched children, that be shamefully despised, contemned and utterly rejected. But although no man shallbe perfectly happy before death, as the Philosopher saith, yet the same death shall be swallowed up in victory, which victory is jesus Christ the Conqueror, beginning and ending of all things, to whom be praise for ever Amen.  
Yet because I am a man of the creation of God, scourged with many in fyrmityes in this world: by and through the same God also, many goodly medicines be prepared to help me, to relieve and comfort me, until such time as it shall please God to call me to the end of my Pilgrimage. Therefore good master health, bear with me, although I have spoken in my grievous passion, to ease my mind: and now by your patience, whereas you have showed me immediately before, 
Of the time of medicine.  in what place medicine should be given: Now I pray you show me what time medicine should be ministered?  Health 
I Am sorry for thy double aff●iction both body & mind, thou hast told a lamentable tale: well, I will say thus much to thee, many hands make light work. Bear these griefs quietly, thou hast many to help thee in this world. For there is nothing under the sun, but vanity and affliction of mind. Every living man hath trouble, thus must needs be wisely suffered, because it cannot be avoided: and wise men may not despair in adversity, for comfort will come I warrant thee, be neither to effeminate or childish, when trouble assaulteth thee, for than thou art clean gone. But arm thyself wisely with magnanimity, foresee th'end, hold up thy head, and sink not. Use this world like a S●age, play thy part there on in thy vocation, for the time honestly, serve God reverently despise not civil policy, Profit the common wealth, keep good company, be not ingrateful to thy friend. Departed from thine enemy, and yet beware of thy friends, Speak gently, trust not them that commonly use swearing, slander, 
Eccle. v.  drunkenness, and be full of jealousy. Live of thine own, though it be but poorly. Be not bond, if thou mayst stand at liberty. Go not to law with Lawyers, for they will hinder thee. And beware of a flatterer, he will betray thee. Be not variable in religion, observing time, and the manners of men: But obeying God which doth not change. There be three sundry men, 
A three stringed whip.  which have done thee never good: The winker in his tale, the Laugher in his rage, and the Fox coloured, which will not stick for blood shedding, false witness, or perjury▪ yet pray for them, and let go displeasure. Be angry and sin not. Let not the Son go down on thy wrath. Trust not to the world, yet behold it, and thou shalt see marvelous things wrought therin· 
Eccle. iiii.  Thou shalt see much wrong done daily under the Son and behold the tears of such as be oppressed, and there is no man to comfort them, or that will deliver or defend them from the violence of the oppressors, but only God, therefore follow the counsel of the wise man, for there is nothing better saith he, for a man, than to be joyful in his labour, for that is his portion. 
Eccle. iii  And for as much as mankind, hath labour, travel, heaviness, sorrow, and disquietness all his life, and yet shall leave all his labours to others, which never saw them, is it not better then, for a man to eat & drink, and his soul to be merry in his labour, and this is the gift of God saith the wise man. 
What thing is be●t for mankind.  And thus to conclude if thou be troubled in mind, pray only to God, and ask counsel of the wise: if thou be sick, seek the Physician. Honour him because of necessity, God hath created him. For of the highest cometh medicine. and he shall receive gifts of the king. The wisdom of the Physician, bringeth him to great worship: in the sight of the great men of this world he shallbe honourably taken. The Lord hath created medicine of the earth, 
E●od. 15.1. Regua●. 4.  and he that is wise, will not abhor it. Was not the bitter water wade sweet with a Tree, that men might learn to know the virtue thereof? The Lord hath given men wisdom and understanding, that they might be honoured in his wondrous works: with such doth he heal man, and taketh away the pains, of such do the Apothecaries make a confection, yet cannot a man perform all his works. For of the lord cometh prosperous wealth over all the earth. My son despise not this in thy sickness, but pray unto the lord, and he shall make thee whole, Leave of from sin, 
Eccle. 38.  and order thine hands aright. Cleanse thine heart from all wickedness: this is the counsel of jesus the son of Syrach, in his holy book. 
Good counsel in the time of trouble.  Chap. xxxviii. And now shall I show unto thee, what time medicine shall be given. Then do thus. Sometime medicine is given to sleapward, or before sleep: and sometime before day, in the morning, to the waking time. First in the time of waking. then give Liquid, or moist medicines, and also easy: and specially when we must purge light humours in the stomach, For as a moist liquid medicine in Potion is soon dissolved, even so she will speedily and quickly, do her duty, and work her feat effectually in her place whereas she hath power to convert actively, and change things into her nature, Even so nature hath power to change meat and food unto her own proper virtue. 
Medecin doth change and meat is changed.  Therefore note this, that when such medicines be ministered: if the Patient should then sleep, at such time as the natural heat beginneth to increase, than the said sleep letteth the virtue & good operetion of the same medicine: resolving the body into painful sweat, and attracting and drawing humours out of order, making the patient sicker.  
Item in as much as Liquid and light humours, be soon dissolved, than it followeth, that the same humours do eftsoons come to the place of expulsion, Therefore to conclude, if the said Patient do sleep at that present, it might then chance, that the medicine would not convert, or change the humour, or cast it▪ forth: but rather resolve humours, in the body, which would 'cause most painful peril, and noisome sickness and disease, 
Why purgations work not naturally.  while as the putrefied matter remaineth still in the body, not purged. But when as the patient hath taken but a light supper, he may take pills, so that the said pills be new, and the patient not very fat, 
One may sleep after pills, but yet beware of old dry pills.  for fat men and women have small guts, and pills may chance hurt them. And when we purge hard matter, or humours in the extreme parts of the body, we minister pills, But for as much as pills be hard of resolution within the body, one may sleep well upon them, before they be resolved. For sleep bringeth inward warmness: and warmness▪ maketh resolution, and furthereth the working of Pills, which must take their effect in the extreme parts, as head: hands, and the feet. And thus I say, pills may be given without hurt, when the patient goeth to his natural rest and sleep. provided, that in the morning, when they begin to work, 
Pills may be made of all kinds of medicines.  than the said patient must sleep no more at that tyme. And note that pills may be confected, of all kinds of medicines, and there be pills given before meat, for them which have evil digestion, called Pilule ante cibum.  Sickness. 
Sometime it▪ cometh to pass, that in a manner unadvisedly, or suddenly, the Physician doth give a Purgation or Medicine, not considering the complexion of his patient, therein doth he well or no I pray you?  Health. 
THE complexion would be known, but when there is no opportunity or leisure to know the complexion, whether it be hot, cold, moist, or dry. In this cause let us use a preventing medicine, or an antidotary, 
The observation of complexions.  whereby we may both prepare the way, and also know whether the matter be hard or soft, to be removed with the same preventing medicine, either yea or not: also in this case, let something be ministered before, which may gently resolve the humours, Benedicta laxativa, stomachicum carthaticum, imperialae. Or else let us give to the patient some gentle pills, and decoction of Polipodie, Agarice, and Hermodactiles, tempered white wine, putting thereunto purified and clean honey, and then give it to the Patient when it hath stand▪ until it come to a residence do the same with polypody, Esula, sodden in wine, putting in a little cinnamon. For this doth resolve and unbind phlegm, and Purgeth it well, or else gather solutive and losing Herbs: as Mercury, beets, Mallows. etc. seethe them in fat Pork, putting in a little Sene. And in case this loose the said Sick Patient, if he mark the quantity of the Evacuation, or things purged, so he may be contented therewith.  
If he feel more grief in the belly, or pain burning, or noisomeness: he may then prepare a stronger, or one weaker, according to his humour, age or time of the year, 
To give medicine in the fit of a Fever, is perilous.  or habit of the body. And in all medicines beware of this, that nothing be taken in the fit, rigour, terror, or hour, when the patient shall be vexed, tossed, or tormented with quotidian, tertian, or quarteine. etc.  Sickness. 
FUrthermore, it cometh to pass as is daily seen, that there be many feeble stomachs and fearful eyes, 
Weak stomachs cannot a●●ay with strong medicines.  that do not only abhor to see medicines. Some for their blackness to behold, as Cassiafistula, or bitterness in taste, as Hiera picra, or fulsome to smell, as strong pills: yea, it no less grieveth than to behold or see the vessel, in which the potion is kept in, than to drink the same potion, or bitter medicine, contained within the same. Such be the weak, feeble, nice, stomachs of many, God knoweth why, for nature hath made them no stronger. For the feeble stomach of a tender Gentlewoman may not be compared in force, to the boisterous, rough greedy or strong stomach of the Carter. The sight or smell of vile things, doth him as small displeasure, as the sweet odours, and pleasant aspects, doth hurt the delicious senses of the tenderlings, or carpet muses. I say the barbarous uplandish jenking with torn hose, and clouted boots, foul shirt, and threadbare bonnet, long locks, and crumpled hands, and gryned, scurvy countenance, with gauntlets made of Sorels hide, armed with a piece of a Motley mantle, bodily charging a long whipstock, with crop and laniarde, against Rudde or blind Baiard: which trail and draw the laden Cart, & bend their backs with continual burdens, 
Cow, sheep, & plough▪ be our Nurses.  rewarded with unpleasant food. This unseemly groom or Carter, driving his cart, I say, yet is he a child, and feeder of the common wealth, with Cow, sheep, and blow, in the Clotty field following the share and Coulter, after the dreaming steps of the deep treading Ox: which treadeth on the foot of each poor man in the country. These sillions which use no Spears▪ but Spades, and fight their combats with flails, in solitary Barns, among the Sheaves, s●ayinge the Mice into the Chaff, 
The life of the plain people in the country  when Snow and Frost maketh Cow and Calf to tremble in covart, and Swine to lurk in coat, for fear of the Northern, sharp cutting wind. Long black nights, and short cold raining days, uncovered naked trees, shrouded with Snow, under whom lurk the hungry birds. At such time as the plain people do spend, consume, and bring to nothing their substance among their labouring hinds, summers fruits, not with out Winter's travel God wot. If Saturn cast forth then from his high cold Throne upon them, his malicious evil infortunate influence: when he with scythe in Hand, and grey Hoary Locks, doth creep into the sixth House of the Heaven, 
Hali de judicijs A●rorum pars octava. Cap. seven,  or falling angle. Fron whence he poureth forth, saith Haly among men great infirmities, melancholy, falling evil, madness, leprosy, quartens, & also every sickness that cometh of coldness & dryness. etc. And driveth the plain people to their wit's end, which lack providence, to foresee and prepare medicine, fit for their defence, of whom God taketh the only cure and charge, from an higher place, 
Psal. cxlvi●.  than whereas old Saturnus doth dwell, upon the simple sort of mortal men: he careth for the stranger, fatherless, and widow, and opneth his hand, & filleth every living wight with plenteousness: 
Psal. cxlv.  and is near unto them that doth call upon him faithfully, and there is none of his, that are fallen into any misery, but he seethe their fall, whether it be poverty, prisonment, exile, care, agony, affliction, or vexation of mind. etc. Then with mercy and pity he putteth forth the hand of his providence, and lifteth them up, and helpeth them in the days of their carefulness, making them pleasant. giving them rest, and quiet sleeps, while as the ungodly, doth remove their neighbour's land marks, 
job. xxiiii.  And rob them of their cattle, and by extortion keep them from their own, and oppress the widow and fatherless, making them go naked, yet these people prospero for the time, although they murder the simple, But at length the shadow of death shall come upon them: and they shall go into horrible darkness. And thus have I read in a lamentable book, of one, who had experience of miseries infinite. Sickness, and sorrows: yea, 
The end of 〈◊〉 wicked men.  this job was only sickness, whose servant I am: and what is the chief help, or to whom shall I the sick, poor, feeble man resort? Even to him that my master job went unto Who was that, I pray you? Was it the Chirurgen, Apoticary, or Physician? etc. Not, not: It was the Almighty God, without whom every artificer, both in Philosophy and Physic, 
God the 〈◊〉 Physician.  their works take none effect nor any good success, although they do excel in knowledge, learning, judgement, and practice. Therefore I do say, dear friend Health, with the Prophet David, in his Hymn, or Song: I do lift up mine eyes unto the mountains, from whence cometh help to me? My help cometh from the lord god, which made heaven and earth: and here I do gather, 
Psalm.  if I be sore or sick, weak, or wounded, troubled, or vexed, although I lift up mine eyes unto the mountains of this world, for the health of my body, as to the best Chirurgeons or Physicians, which as I have said, do excel in knowledge and practice. This is nothing if my help come not from heaven, from the fountain of Physic: even so, for the health and regiment of the soul, when it is sick. The mountains of Saints, Angels, and men, can not prevail, except the very salvation, atonement, health, praise, and quietness, proceed only from God, which is very Salus, that is, health, or Sospes, the health giver: & upon him I do only depend, which dwelleth in Heaven.  Health. 
IF he be on your side, who can be against you? Nothing in Heaven, Earth, or Hell, is able to molest you: if you be under the shade of his Wings, 
Roma. viii.  you are safe from all Storms. I do commend your Godly zeal, and faithful affection to Almighty Godward: all be it, you seem unto me, to wander in this your communication, from the path or line which was laid out strait, between you and me, 
God doth work by miracle, and means.  which was the regiment and health only of the body. And you do declare of the misery of the common people, and of the calamities: and say when they fall sick, they lack providence and help among themselves. but only God. Marry I say also only God. But how? That God doth always send health without mean? Not: For almighty God doth work by miracle, and by mean: by miracle as when he raised the dead, Cleansed the Lepre. etc. By mean, when with Clay he opened the Eyes of the Blind: and with Spittle he caused the Deaf to hear, yea, and commanded the Apostles to carry Oil with them, to heal the Sick. Why do you then talk thus, leaving out this word mean? Which is like unto an hand, which worketh for every thing, both with out, and within the Body. By which mean, the holy Spirit of God is perceived, as example. The Apostle i Corin. xii. Chapter. The gift of the spirit is given to every Man, to edify withal. To one is given through the Spirit the utterance of Wisdom. To an other the utterance of knowledge, by the same spirit. To an other is given Faith, by the same spirit. To an other the gifts of healing, by the same Spirit. etc. Lo here you see healing is the gift of God's spirit, 
The holy Ghost.  which is God the holy Ghost And although the gift of healing, was plentifully showed and powered in, and upon the holy Apostles, which wrought both with miracles and means: Yet it cannot be denayed, but divers which had no faith heavenly, or the gift of Faith, yet they had the gift of healing. For they be several gifts of God.  

Infidels have singular gifts of God.  Hypocrates▪ Galen. Avicen. etc. had not the gift of Faith, and were Infidels, believed not in God, nor in his son christ: yet God bestowed upon them excellent knowledge of Natural things, as appeareth by their learned Books, which be Candles to give light to Physicians, to the world's end, for the incomparable learning and cunning which is written in them. Thus God hath made the very Infidels, means to help the Christians, which you may not denay. Neither think the plain people to be so ignorant, but when they be sick, they can sand to the Physician, or Chirurgen for help: as well as they will sand to the Mill, to have their Corn ground, Or to the Shoemaker for Shoes, to defend them from going barefoot. What would you have the Carters (as you term them) so miserable, or with out wit, or worse than the Dog: which can lick his wound, and chose his vomiting grass? That should appear by the fruits of poor men, I mean their children. I pray you, be not mitours set upon the heads of Plowmennes' sons? and do not the children oftentimes, of obscure, scant yeomen, and very abjects, possess both rich houses and lands, where sometime their parents would gladly have served in the Kitchen? etc. What is the cause? It should appear virtue advanceth, and learning helpeth Exclaim not neither bewail these poor ones estates: 
Poor men be exalted through virtue.  for they can see day at a little hole, and live as merry, the old proverb saith, as white B●e in Hive. I pray you pity them with measure, unless your large lamentation should give occasion, to nourish Idleness, nor that men yet should disdain the poor But who so stoppeth his ear at the cry of the poor: shall cry himself and not be heard of God. 
Math. xxv.  Nor also that poor people, should disdain, murmur, 
Psal. cxlvii.  or speak evil against thexaltation, or advancement of them whom God hath plucked out of the dust, to be his ministers in the rule of this world. And as for thoppressors, be patient: for the same god that giveth them preparatives with warnings, as the plague: will also give them a purgation, and expulse them from him, except they do repent. For gather they never so much, beware the third heir of an extortioner, and oftentimes he doth not enjoy his goods himself. For Solomon saith: Haer●ditas ad quam festinatur in principio, in novissimo benedictione carebit: 
Prover. xx.  The heritage that cometh to hastily at the first, shall not be blessed at the end. And in an other place, saith he, who so hordeth up riches, 
Sudden gotten substance remaineth not long.  with the disceiptfulnesse of his tongue: he is vain, and a Fool, and like unto them that seek their own death, this is their end. Therefore, my brother disquiet not thy mind, content thee in thine estate: keep thine own goods, spend them to God's glory, desire none other man's. 
L●● no man be angry with an other man's folly.  And when thou dost see the wicked in great prosperity, disdain them not: neither fret thyself, thou hast nothing to do with them, but to make accounts for thine own self: and be not forgetful of the Prophets' words when he said: Noli emulare in malignantibus. etc. that is: Fret not thyself, because of the ungodly, neither be thou envious against the evil doers, for they shall be cut down like grass▪ and be withered even as the green herb. Put thou thy trust in the Lord, and be doing good, that thou mayst dwell in the Land, and verily thou shalt be fed. Delight thou in god, and he shall ●●ue thee thy hearts desire. 
He which loveth God, shall have hearts rest.  Commit thy way unto the Lord, and put thy trust in him and he shall bring it to pass. etc. If thou art troubled in thy mind resort unto his holy word: and ministers for the soul. And whereas thou art sick, 
Ecclesiast.  and sore in body dispyce not his ordinary means, but honour the Physician, because of infyrmity: the almighty hath created him for that purpose, that through the virtue of Physic, thy name may be changed from Sickness into Health. I therefore will now cease, & give place unto the Divines, and Moral men, which with tongue and pen can give good counsel, and heavenly cordials for the sick, sore, afflicted spirit.  
And now to the first part of your question conserninge Physic, which is the race wherein we begun to run. Let us now come again into that plain path, hold on still, & then we shall the sooner come to our ways end. And then sit us down, and rest us quietly a God's name: for rest is an Image of Heaven, after labour. Your question was thus of them which do abhor the sight, or smelling of medicine, being ready to vomit also, to behold the vessels, wherein medicine was given: to that question you answered yourself. The cause was, the stomach doth abhor those things that offend the senses, as in seeing, smelling. etc. (But in deed our sense of smelling is worse than any other living beasts, as Aristotle saith in his book of senses: Odoratum peiorem habemus quam alia animalia. Further saith he, 
Aristo. in libro de Sens.  man only doth smell and take delight in the odours of flowers or sweet things: Even so doth his nature abhor stinking things But specially they which be clean of Nature, or by accidents. And this is known by natural Philosophy, and Physic: and whereas the Philosopher doth leave there the Physician doth begin. Although there be many secret hidden desires within nature, known only to the same, and hidden from the Physician: 
Nature hath many hidden desires, unknown to the Physicians.  As example, some women being with child, desire Tar, yea, I have seen them eat Soap, and hurt them not, with other vile things, that I will not name. Without nature had led them, death would f●llow: yet Physic counteth them deadly. These be the secret hidden things with in nature.) But now to the question.  
When nature is so weak and feeble, that it doth loose and abhor, to see or smell medicine: the best remedy is thus, that you give laxative Claret, made after this manner.  

medicines for feeble stomachs to purge gently  R. Clean Claret, or white li, x. of Polipodie, Honey, ana. li. two. Agarik ℥ ii Cinnamon, Cloves, Spicknard, Ginger, Galingall, ana. ℥ i of Pepper ℥ iii First make it thus: temper the clarified Honey with wine and draw it through a Colander, and stamp the Polipodie, and strongly strain it, and seethe it to the third part, and beaten your spice into powder, and put them into abagge made of a piece of a serce or bulter then put your tempered wine, Honey, and juice of Polipodie, together, put in your bag with spice, and seethe all in a close vessel well Tinned, and strain your bag oftentimes. And then receive this drink, and give a draft to your weak, feeble, stomach, according to your strength. And for Honey you may put in clean Sugar, and to your spices, you may put to Sene. ℥ iii And when you drink of this, you must drink clean cold water, or running water after it. Now sir if you will restrain, or stop the body, when it is to much laxative: or draweth nature to vehemently. Then give hot water to drink, and this is both pleasant, and profitable to nature, although to many it seem unpleasant. Then take spices in powders, according to the property of the humour, or complexion, which aught to be purged, putting the water and the said spices with a little Sugar, into a close vessel of glass and seethe it in a vessel of water. Provided, that the said vessel of Glass be wrapped in hay, or else stand in a plain stillitory, making a good fire under the same, and then you may take it forth, after it be well and close sodden, and strained. And either receive it yourself, or else give it to others. But if it be bitter, put in more sugar into the same, to please your stomach. The more spice you do take▪ the more virtue it hath for the melancholy, or phlegmatic.  
Item you may do thus, take a mean quantity of Elleborus albus, chopped small with a cutting knife, seethe it with Barley, with clean Water, into a thickness. Then feed an Hen eight days, with the same Corn, and Elleborus, and at eight Days end, kill the same Hen, and seeth it, and put in no Salt but Croomes of Bread and Sugar, and drink this broth. Put in Manna if you will, and eat the flesh of the same Hen, and it will purge the same, without any molestation or hindrance to Nature, I assure you, and that I have proved. Even so have a great number proved, 
Elleborus albus, the poison thereof.  Ell borus albus, to their great hurt, and peril of death by vomittinnge, yea, almost expyring among the Dog Leches, and murderers. But beware of them, and then thou shalt be called Health, and no more sickness, by God's grace.  Sickness. 
IS there no consideration to be had, in the ages of Men, or Women? may the medicine giver, give hand over head, to the tender Child, middle age, and old men, all a like without hurt to them: I would fain know, what to do in this case. For in the country, the medicine that is given to a woman, of xxiii year old: is also given to a man of xlvi. year old.  Health. 
YEs surely, diversity of age must be considered, in the ministration of medicines laxative. For purging or relaxing medicines be given to sundry sorts of ages: as to boys, 
Men, women & children must take medicines according to their strength and age,  springaldes, Lusty young men, and to the aged. Even so to Womankind in their degree of ages, every one of these hath his or their proper purgation. As Manna of Calabria to young things, and the same to old folks: or else some gentle solutive medicine, and to women with child, no laxative medicine, until the v. month be passed: and then put gentle ones, as Cassia, Manna, or the syrup of Roses solutive, Even so she may have some Seen of Alexandria, their leaves sodden close in broth of a Chicken, or Mutton within a covered, earthen or Tinned pot. Also suppositours may be given to these foresaid folks, that be excepted in purgations. And furthermore, with discretion, the aged may receive a gentle Glister: because the said aged be grieved with corruption of the reins, bladder, and guts. For if children be purged much, because the humour is light: they shall be in danger of their lives. And living, the said purgations will make wretched. altar the complexion, and expulse the natural moisture, whereupon they should increase and grow. As we see young children having laxes, be wretched, leave, swelled bellies, cramp, and convultion. etc. The aged also in such, shall loose moisture of blood, and fall into melancholy, dryness, feebleness, lack of sleep, & consumption, through resolving of a strong laxinge medicine. But yet to them which be not in extremes, either of age or sickness: there be many gentle resolutions, or clensynges of humours, and may be given without danger. As rhubarb infused in Cichory water, or the water of milk, and Mirobalans. But by the way of Parenthesis, let every minister of medicine fear to give any thing that doth, or will dry the body, or bodies to much, of young or old men: yea, or in the middle age, specially of choleric men. As example, I did know one, being then a young practitioner, seven years past who did minister a Purgation wherein was Scammonye, unto a right worshipful, and a famous Knight, 
Beware of drying medicines in Summer for choleric persons.  called sir Robert Wingfeeld of Lethingham, which ●ft 'zounds gave him twenty stools. The cause was as I suppose now, this Scammony was not prepared accordingly: and also the patient Choleric, and then partly weak of nature, before the receipt of the said naughty purgation. Therefore look diligently to all that I have said before: mark the time of the year, the age, quality, and complexion of the patient. The Region or dwelling place, the goodness, quantity, and mixture of your medicine. etc. and then you shall do no harm, nor play the ignorant murderer.  
Now again to our matter, neither purge young children nor old men in the heat of Summer, 
A caviat for Summer.  and if you will needs do so, than you shall be commenced Doctor of Physic, wearing William Sommers hud for your labour, which will bring you to no small estimation. So trimly to set the cart before the horse, and to play blind Bayard yourself: therefore be warned, or you be reproved, or ashamed. For in the heat of Summer, resolution of humours, is quickly made with purgation after which, ensueth evacuation to much abundantly, to the utter hurt of nature. Young▪ lus●y, or sickly persons, may be purged at any time: so the said purging do agree to the time, and the complexions And they may take more of the purgations, than the children or old people may, because of their strength. But yet the springe time is best, and the Dogs days worst to purgation: but sickness cometh at all times, and must at all times be diligently watched for, as a Thief that will steal away the most precious thing called life, which is our best jewel through the venom of death. But yet death finisheth and maketh an end of every matter, and of every person good and bad. Before whose battle be fought we live but uncertainly: although we flatter our own selves. For happiness is not common to every living creature: but life and death be common to every living thing. As Aristotle saith in the book of life and death Vita & mors sunt communia omnibus animalibus, And life is but dwelling of the soul and body together for a tyme. And in the mean season, clouted and patched up, with meat, drink, cloth, sleep. And when life is in peril, then help Physic, Physic, I pray you help: we be afraid to die godly because we have lived wickedly. I pray god this carol be not to common, yea, or rather, there be many do so live, that they fear no punishment or Hell, after this life, do they never so wickedly. Excluding God clean out of their hearts, or rather God refusing them for their wickedness, There is a Psalm wherein David lamenteth, the wretched estate of fools, saying Dixit insipiens in cord suo, non est Deus. The foolish man hath said in heart, there is no God, Would God that there were few of them. O Sickness, Sickness, although thou seekest Health, and perhaps mayst obtain it: yet thou shalt once change this life, and see an other World, and also God, for no man can see him perfectly before death, nor be saved, which in this life, believeth not in him.  Sickness. 
YOur conclusion, although it did not belong to your Exordium, is yet very Godly: I pray God grant us to be his, and to forsake sin Whereby we shall so quiet our consciences, that when our arrival shallbe into the next land: we fear not our Passage, or journey from hence thither, for away we must. But in the mean time the Image of death is to all Flesh so fearful, that men would be glad to 〈◊〉 help and comfort Life, both man and beast, do undoubtedly fear death, nature hath taught one beast to be in dread of an other, the sheep to be afraid of the Wolf: the Dear of the Dog? 
Nature hath prepared that one creature dreadeth and feareth an other.  the small birds of the Hawk. And if they escape wounds curable, there be medicines, yea nature hath taught divers beasts, and fowls to help themselves, much more man should do the same. We therefore thank God for his grace, that he hath given us reason: which other living beasts have not, which do excel us almost in all other things, joined to their natures. As the Unicorn to have an horn, to withstand poison. The Lion void of dread. The horse strong and swift. The sheep whose cast coat, makeh us apparel. The birds to fly, whereas no man can climb the way. The fish to swim, where as no man dare follow them▪ etc. But only reason I say▪ What maketh us else superiors to beasts? Nothing Well take that away, and then we be the most vilest, and the worst: & can least help ourselves, of any other living things upon the Earth: as appeareth by the foolish, or mad people, or else young babes. They be in shape and likeness, as we be. And why are they so miserable? Because reason is not there, which should govern them, and this is a lamentable case, dear Health, to see so goodly Images, lacking their principal beauty and government called reason. Like ships without their helms, subject to every hurt and storm: except the providence of almighty God, their only defence watched them. Else should they perish suddenly, in the moving of an hand, as God doth know: And because God hath given reason, by which arts are perceived, and good things, from the bad, the sick from the whole, and foolishness from wisdom. Else, how shouldest thou have showed me reasonably, the natures of medicines, complexions, age, time, place, quality, and quantity, etc. And therefore to the matter, in my last question I demanded of the age of men and women, to whom medicine should be ministered, I have in that case received mine answer, for which I give you hearty thanks, for your courtesy, and great gentleness: specially for your reverent and godly zeal, wherein you do neither smell of the Papists, which are the mother of all disobedience to Princes, and the springe of errors: nor of them, which be of no religion. But some do say, it is better to be of one evil religion then of none at all. Now sir I pray you, after our diversity of ages, what do you say to the variety of complexion, in giving purging medicine?  Health 
ALL is in vain, dear friend, if we do forget the temperament, or complexions of men, or women. You therefore do very well in calling them to remembrance: for one complexion, can not bore so much as an other in purging. Not more than a little weak boy, or young Lad can bear as heavy a burden, as a great lubber which is sturdy and strong to labour. We therefore give more a purging medicine, to the phlegmatic body than to the choleric, and yet more to the melancholy, then to the phlegmatic. Why so? Because melancholy is an harder humour, than the phlegm is: and humidity, or moisture, more aboundeth in the phlegm, then in the melancholy, 
Purge phlegm mo●e than choler▪ and melancholy more thē●●●gme.  As example. Therefore when you will give Scammonye, to any choleric person, give him a penny weight, to the phlegmatic, two Punye weight: but to the melancholy, give three penny weight, For a cholerik man must have but little given him. The cause is, the said choler is hot and dry: and if he should take as much Scammony, as the melancholy, it would inflame him, and rather consume the pure natural humiditye, then purge the noisome filthy humour, which is the cause of the sickness. For the slender man, 
Choleris sone●drye▪ therefore purge but little 〈◊〉 the fleshy body hath much moisture, therefore purge more. Of the quantity o● matter to be purged.  may bide worst a quick purgation: as on the other part, the more fleshy, I mean flesh, and not gross fatness, the more he may abide a good strong evacuation, or strong medicine, by the reason they have the more moisture and humidity than the said choleric have.  
Furthermore, as concerning matter to be purged, sometime it is much and at other times, it is scarce, or of little quantity. Therefore the medicine. must be given accordingly sometime much, and sometime little, small matter is dispatched with small medicine, Except it be wrapped, compacted, and thrust together: and then a preparative must be given, and after purged. But whereas much matter is, there it doth require a greater medicine, notwithstanding, 
Much humour must be purged by little and little, & not at once.  it aught not to be evacuated all at once, but by little and little, & by times if so be it be in the extreme parts of the Body, as the head, hands and feet, be the extreme parts.  
And in this case. we have the noble famous prince of physicians, for a witness how this matter should be handled, in the best manner saying: Nam secundum multum est repent evacuare, sive replere, fallax est, & omni●o inimicum naturae. That is to say, to make a large or a quick evacuation. or purging: Replexion, or filling, is a deceitful thing and an utter enemy to nature. Therefore beware of extremity in all things, and use the mean and best way, a god's name, what else have you to say?  Sickness. 
I Have almost forgotten, how to receive Moist, or hard medicines: it would please me very much, and not displease you a littl● y●t again to put me in remembrance. For Sickness God knoweth, is forgetful Ferendum est imbecilitas hominis. The weakness or feebleness of man is to be born withal. Good sir should they be given hot, or cold What say you to the matter?  Health. 
TO the healthful, liquid or moist medicines, be given cold: & to the sick persons, 
Cold medicines to the whole, but warm to the weak must be given.  they should be given warm, because the virtue of the medicine shall in them loose, divide and expulse matter, when the said medicine standeth in the stomach or guts: which in the whole bodies, the potion or medicine will take his effect in good part, & this must be done at Morning. The hard medicine, as I have said at Evening moist, as pills: l●zi●gs after midnight. Powders at none in broth, clarified posset ale at evening. And why be pills given at Night? Because a man may Sleep well after them. What doth Sleep then prevail? Because sleep maketh the Body warm within, and Pills be very hard: and therefore they must be resolved with warmness. To what manner of men. To them, which have the rich men's sickness. What is that? Forsooth the gout, which many gentlemen be tormented withal: as example. Sir Richard Fulmerston knight, Barthram Anderson Esquire. etc. 
The Gout loves rich men, but is afraid of poor 〈◊〉.  For the Gout is sore afraid to devil among poor men: for they keep him so hardly, and punish him with cold, and labour. etc. But the bitterest pills of all in ward medicines, do farthest pierce to the hands and feet, to purge and heal them. And in the feet the Gout is placed: therefore pills be good for the Feet. Who can denay it, which I have spoken?  Sickness. 
AFter purgations, oftentimes it happeneth, that the Patient falleth into a Fever, called Ephemera febris, or a light Ague: which may do more hurt to nature, if it be not helped quickly. What is the cause I pray you tell me?  Health. 
TRuly, there do oftentimes chance, such evil accidents after purgations, through sundry causes. 
Of overmuch purging the body, the reamedy to help the same.  As sometime by to much evacuation, cleansing, or purging. Whereupon the Spirits 'cause unnatural heat, and thereof ensueth an unnatural flaming or heat called an Ephemeral, and likewise it chanceth by overmutch eating or drinking, as of Wine. etc. and also by cold or by attraction of over many humours to the stomach, or the lack of the quantity of medicine, which hath no virtue or strength to be purged, but remaineth still in the stomach, and thereby doth continued putrifed, hurting the body & making a fever: if this do chance, than put the Patient into a Bath, if he be able. And let there be made a good fire, or hot house, for this Patient, and anoint him before & behind with unguentum dialthea, or else with unguentum Martiaton and bring him close with clotheses, from the balne or bath to his Bed, & keep him from sleep eight hours: and so shall he be dispatched clean, and made whole, being purged again▪ to cleanse the inward parts, as the stomach. etc. But if the Patient Bee to weak to come to the bath: refresh him in his Bed, with wholesome suppings. Keep him warm, in a sweet chamber, and then give him an easy laxative, of drawn Cassiafistula. ℥ i with water of Borage. ℥ three or else with sweet Calabria Manna. ℥. ss. And often it chanceth, that Men are dry after purging, then give them small Ale clean brewed, or P●isane, or else clean cold water, Gum Arabic, & Dragantum be sodden. And to gargarism these things in his mouth and Throat: and to put Prune stones in cold water, and chafe them with the Tongue up and down in his Mouth, and so renew them still. And keep the mouth, Teeth, and tongue clean with washing, cleansing, 
To cool the mouth.  & scraping: and this shall comfort the sick Man. Which else shallbe corrupted, defiled, and so annoyed, that it shallbe as painful to himself, as hugely, and noisome to the beholders of the said sick Man or Patient.  Sickness. 
WEll, than I do perceive, that this should suffice to help them, which be not well purged before: and also to cool them, in their great thirst and dryness.  Health. 
NOT not so: it is not sufficient to quench. For, first you must understand, the occasion of this thirst: first that it cometh of hot choler not purged, of which I speak not. But when the body is well purged of dry, yea, or of moist humours, then lacking moistness, it must needs follow, dryness will eftsoons ensue. Then we give water, where in the four cold seeds, gum Arabike, gum Dragagantum, and crumbs of bread have been sodden: drawn through a strainer, this is given blood warm. Now sir, there is a dryness, as I have said, which when it cometh, declareth the body is well purged, as some men suppose. But therein I take, that they do mistake the words of Hypocrates: Quicunque in pharmacijs purgantur, 
Hypocrates.  non fitiunt: non quiescunt, donec sitiunt: non enim semper bonam purgationem significat: that is: Who so ever be purged, & thirst not, the patient taketh no rest, until they do thirst: this doth not always signify, the purging to be good. Take this for an example. One called Beumayne▪ hath a pletorike body that is a body full, or replenished with gross humours, abundantly compact together this gross body must be purged: well, he taketh a purgation by Electuary, 
Example.  it worketh upon Beuman. Now if he feel himself very dry, with a great thirst, desiring to drink after five, six, or seven stools: what is this, a sign good, or bad? Not it is an evil sign, and is proved thus: choleric or dry humours be attract, and drawn up into the stomach, and therefore they are not expulsed. Whereof there riseth a hot and a dry phlegm, smoke, or vapour, into the throat, and spiritual parts: causing the thirst a foresaid. 
How to know whether Choler be purged, or no.  What reamedy for this gross body, than I pray you? None other, but with speed to give him an other laxative medicide, to purge the said choler, and dry matter, & then the thirst will soon, or quickly cease. And so in the end, he shallbe better purged of the grossness of humours, perhaps than cleansed from the corruption of evil conditions. For a bodily medicine can smally prevail, or take any effect, in the Regiment of the Mind or Soul. Also, if such a gross body as I have named, which is called Pletorike, do wax dry or thrifty, after. xij.xuj. yea or twenty stools: them is not haot Choler alone in the stomach, but in all the members of the body. Purge him still with gentle Electuaries, by little and little, until he feel moisture in his Throat, and that much. And to conclude, whosoever being gross, and very dry, before his Purgation, is sick of the Fever quotidian, or tercian: the same must be purged, in the same manner, as I have said before· 
What harm Wine doth in a fever, or after purging.  But the lean choleric man, is soon purged, & when he is dry: let him take his reamedy, as is a foresaid, a God's name. It happeneth also oftentimes, that the patient cannot away with cold Water: yea and unknown to the Physician, the said Patient drinketh Wine, to his great danger, hurt, and peril: for thereof followeth hot inflammation, and torment with pains in the belly. If this do happen, then with speed provoke Uomit, with drinking warm water, and Salad oil, thrusting a Feather into the Throat, or a finger as far as it may go, & so Uomit. This helpeth, but do it speedily, my good friend, for sundry causes, to avoid such danger, as else would follow.  Sickness 
ONe question I will ask you, because, cause moveth me so to do. I have taken oftentimes Purgations, and as the Physician hath said, they were excellent good, well compounded, new, the quantity, place, and time convenient, to receive them. But to conclude, they would not work accordingly. What is to be said therein, I pray you tell me?  Health. 
DOth cause, 'cause you to move this question to me? 
Certain causes which le● medicine to work.  I will show you three sundry causes, which let the medicine to make evacuation, or working. The first cause may be, by the reason the purgation is to weakly made: else the doss or quantity is to little, which remaineth to the hurt of the body unpurged. The second cause may be, that the body is to much cold, and subject to melancholy, as me think yours is. The third cause is, the resolution or wasting of humours, doth extinguish or quench the virtue of the laxative medicine: 
Example o● Wax & Fyr●  as it happeneth sometime in the Phlegmatic bodies In whom, when soever the phleume beginneth to dissolve, eftsoons and by and by it quencheth, even as Wax will sometime quench a burning Charcoal, when it is melted upon it. And because gross humours are resolved, and cannot be expulsed: then there followeth an importable dolour, 
Signs of death through purging the body.  and a mighty torment about the stomach, and entrails. And in the end, such solution, or none other, but a manifest sign, or peril of death to follow.  Sickness. 
Marry, this is a point next the worst, & an extreme case: it is high time for a man to be wise, and to look diligently to his Patient, now, or else never. God help, what reamedy?  Health. 
THE best reamedy is this, when such peril approacheth, with the strength of men's hands, 
When the Patient is in peril the reamedy to help him.  take up the Patient warmly with clotheses folded about him, not hard, boisterous, or cumbrous about the said patient. But diligent, quick, easy, & trim: and bring him into a hot Stophe, or bath. Or having none such, them prepare a very good fire, as they term it, made of Charcoal, if you may: and then anoint his back bone, with the Oils of Camomile. Capers, and Roses. And then anoint the Belly, breast, and Sides with the same: then put a warm tile stone, in a double linen cloth, and apply it very warm to the Belly. Wherefore is this done? To the end that the natural heat may be made strong: and also that thereby, the medicine may be excited, stirred, or moved to expulse, 
A Clyster t● mollify the belly in the tim● of danger.  and do his feat. Now if this move him not to go to the stool, then give him a moli●ying Clyster, made with Mallows, Mercury, Polipodie, Agarike, brayed & sodden in water strained, and mingle the decoction with oil of olive. & put in a little Hiera picra simplex thereunto. But if Euphorbium be in medicines, as in a Clyster, it will excoriate the skin of the Guts, & 'cause a bloody flux to run forth: it is also helped this way, as to drink Oil, and warm water, or else the far broth of Pork a ladleful, wherein xii of Alzarabaca leaves, the juice of them be strained▪ and drink this, it will provoke vomits, 
A good note to be observed when nature is weak.  rather to help, than hinder the body. If the patient feel no dolour abundantly in the Guts, then purge not much, unless much purging, wherein Scamonie is, do cleave to the stomach. But if such things chance, give the patient to drink, water of Myrrh. It is often times seen, 
In Ellebor●s you shall know how to correct the same, folio. 19 Simplici. He meaneth Elleborus albus.  that when medicine beginneth to work within the body, in the way of purging: then Nature is so weak, that it cannot take his effect, as it should do accordingly: and by the means thereof the said medicine remaineth, choking the stomach, and neither cometh upward, neither downward. What is then the best remedy to be used: None other, 
ʒ. ss.  but to follow Hypocrates, which saith: Elleborus movit corpus▪ etc. Elleborus moveth the body. Therefore: let the body ●e moved therewith, in drink half a dram, which is corrected in a Radish root: and so vomit will follow, but walk still in the close house, and take no wind. And so the Medicine shallbe dispersed, and vanish through vomits and sweat, in vehement moving of the body. Now if he can not walk, let him sit, but sleep not: and then after three hours, give him Oxicatarticum imperiale, saccarum violaceum. etc.  Sickness. 

Extremes be perilous things.  LIke as some men, in them medicine will scant work: in other Men, medicine doth so much work, that it will not cease, until it have (almost, yea, or altogether) slain the body: what help for them then?  Health. 
THere be two ways, Death, or Life. If the body be dead, 
Death is the end of Life.  there is no remedy▪ no medicine, no counsel, nor comfort, to call it again. But patience, and farewell, well, we shall all follow in the end of our lives, when we have run our race. Therefore, bury him that is dead, let him rest in peace, and cease from sorrow. But unto the living that is in hope of cure, 
The causes why medicine work immoderately.  if his medicine be to violent, cruel, and dangerous, causing flixes: consider the fault is in the Physician, which hath given to sharp a purgation, or in the unwise Patient, which will not keep the house with a close stool, but sitteth in the Wind abroad in the Air, yard, or Garden. etc. Or else in the undiscretion of the Apothicarye putting in to much Scamony, or this may be the cause: the aptness of humours prepared to expulsion, as it chanceth often to Children that have repletion with hot humours. And after purgation, excoriation or scalding of the Guts doth follow, which is no small danger to nature. Therefore to withstand this, we stop the flux with Planten Water, or water wherein Planten, Bursa pastoris, and Comphorie are sodden, with Bolearmony, Gum Arabic, & tower plumbs & c·s or we minister Almond milk with Rice, etc. or Clysters stopping, as appeareth in the compounded Medicines, here before: also comfort the patient with Diacodion, syrup of Myrttels, or of Quinces with warm anointing the patients belly and his back against the warm fire, 
A plaster for the flux.  with clean clarified honey. Now you shall perceive a bloody flux by the pain in the belly, and pouring forth blood, and scraping like Leather. Well do as I have said before, and apply a plaster of Barley bread crommed into strong Vinegar, and apply it to the Belly: 
Tenasmus what it is, and how to h●lpe it.  and give him to drink the foresaid Sirupes or Planten Water, wherein the flowers of pomegranates or Mulberries have been sodden in. etc. And give him Diacodion, every night to bedward, and in the night also. Marry there is a perilous grief in the Belly called Tenasmus, having a will or desire to go to the stool, and yet cannot void or purge any thing at all: this cometh of the acuitie or sharpness of the medicine or else of the oversight of the Patient: let the Patient therefore, sit over Apozemate or Decoction of Pomegranet Flowers, barks, or rinds of Pomegranates, Knotgrass, Roses, Coriander, peach leaves, Planten, Oak leaves, or the water wherein Mulberries have been sodden, Acatia, and Hipoquistis, and Quinces, beaten together and sodden, and the patient to sit warm and close therein, and to drink Diacodion, putting in a little powder of Saffron, to comfort the heart.  Sickness. 
YOu say this is a good remedy for the flux. It often times chanceth, that a man after such torments in the belly can not be without much noisomeness in the stomach: and when the stomach is annoyed, how is it helped, or with what Medicine?  Health. 
LIke as the earth is the mother and nourish of every living thing, and feedeth all creatures good and bad: 
The Earth is mother of every living thing.  so is the stomach the storehouse or Kitchen, which doth nourish both the members and every part of the Body, noble and unnoble: as the heart which is the king within the body, and to all the subject members in order, the place from whence they all be fed is only the stomach, which must be kept clean, as a pure vessel, and must not be offended, grieved or annoyed, but nourished, fortified and pleased: now if it have lost appetite through loathsomeness, 
How to quicken the stomach.  anoint the same with oil of Maces or of Wormwood, & apply Galen his proper Plaster to the stomach, and drink the tart syrup of pomegranates, or with sour Grapes with gross Pepper therein, and give the patient in his sauce the juice of Mints, and of Parsely, put in Ginger and Sugar: when he hath eaten his meat, give the said patient syrup of Roses & Diarodon, and this shall help his stomach with moderate drinking. And keeping the body from sweeting heat▪ & quaking cold, use temperance only, 
Extreme heat and cold be evil.  for the mean diet is best of al. And who so doth use it, shall never fall into the snares of surfeits or sickness.  Sickness. 
THe chief thing that I had thought to have demanded, and the very mark, that I would have thee to sh●te at, is to tell me some thing of dieting myself with meat and drink, in Health and Sickness.  Health, 
THere is to be considered, in eating, and drinking, the time of hunger, 
A consideration in eating and drinking to be had and of the variety of meats.  and custom of the place of eating, and drinking, whether it be cold or hot. Also the time of the year, whether it be Winter, or Summer: also the age or complexion of the eater, and whether he be whole, or sick: also the things which be eaten, whether they be Fish, or Flesh, Fruits, or Herbs. Note also the Complexions, and temperaments of the said meats, hot, or cold, dry, or moist, and most chief mark the quantity, & so forth. And like as Lamps do consume the Oil, which is put unto them, for the preservation of the light, although it cannot continued for ever: So is the natural heat, which is within us, preserved by humidity, and moistness of blood & phlegm, whose chief engender, be good meats and drinks. 
A cause why the Soul departeth from the bod.  As Avicen saith, de ethica. When natural heat is quenched in the body, then of necessity, the soul must departed from the Body. For the workman cannot work, when his Instruments are gone: so the spirits of life can have no exercise in the body, when there is no Natural heat to work upon. Without meat saith Galen, it is not possible for a man to live either whole, or sick: and thus to conclude, no vital thing liveth without refection, and sustenance. Whether it be animal, reasonable as man, or animal, as brute Beasts, without reason, as Tree, Gum, metal, Stone, Herb, or any vital thing insensibly. All these things be nourished with the influence, or substance of the four Elements.  Sickness. 
Truly thou knowest well my Complexion, and disorder of my diet, what reamedy for me, that have lived without order of Diet?  Health. 
I Know it well, thou art phlegmatic: and therefore it is long, 
To eat both fish & flesh together hurteth the phlegmatic.  or thy meat be digested. When thou dost eat fish & flesh together, it doth corrupt in thy stomach, and stink: even so doth hard Cheese, & cold fruits. And old powdered meats, and raw herbs, engender evil humours: so that diversity of quantity, & quantity of divers meats, do bring much pain to the stomach, and engender many diseases, as thou mayst read in the first book of Galen: 
Galen. Hypocrates.  de Iwamentis membrorum. cap. iiij. And the Prince himself saith, in. iij. pri. doc. ij. cap. seven. saying nothing is more hurtful, than divers meats, to be joined together. For while as the last is received, the first beginneth to digest. And when the table is garnished with divers meats some roasted, some fried, and baked, some warm, some cold, some Fish, some flesh, 
To feed of divers sorts of me●es corrupteth the body.  with sundry fruits, and Salads of divers herbs, to please thine Eye: Remember with thyself, that the sight of them all, is better than the feeding of them all. Consider with thyself, thou art a Man and no beast, therefore be temperate in thy feeding, and remember the wise words of Solomon: 
Eccle. 37.  be not greedy in every eating, and be not hasty upon all meats. For excess of meats, bringeth Sickness, and gluttony cometh at the last, in to an unmeasurable heat. Through surfeit hath many one perished, 
Good d●e● prolongeth Life.  but he that dyeteth himself temperately, prolongeth his life. Therefore gross Fish, lambs flesh, and the inwards of beasts, raw herbs, pigs brains, and all slimy meats, be evil for thee: but late suppers be worst of all, specially if they be long, for they 'cause painful Nights to follow. But Galen saith in his book Di euchimia, the meats which be without all blame, be those which be between subtle, and gross. Good bread of clean wheat, flesh of Capons, or Hens, pheasants, 
What kinds of meats doth cause good blood.  and Partridges, Pigeons, and Turtell Doves, Black birds, & small field birds, roasted Veal, and Mutton: These do engender good blood, saith Galen. Note also, that any other meat, that thou dost eat at supper, although it seem repugnant to a phlegmatic stomach, if thou sleep well after it, and feel no pain▪ thou mayst use as a meat necessary. And when thou canst not sleep well, if the default came through meat: 
A good rule to be observed  mark that meat or drink, although it seem pleasant, refuse it as an Enemy. And where as thou hast used evil diet, as accustom in abusing time, quantity, and quality: by little and little bring thyself into good order, and to time, both for thy Breakfastes, Dinner, and Supper. Provide always, to eat good things: but not many things. For like as repletion, or abundance of meat, is an enemy unto the Body, and Soul, and bringeth sudden death: even so is emptiness, a shortner of time, a weaker of the Brain, a hinderer of Memory, an increaser of Wind, Choler, and Melancholy. And oftentimes to many, bringeth sudden death also, except Nature have some thing to work upon, as I did tell thee before-use some light things at breakfast of perfect Digestion. 
What hurt cometh of an empty Stomach when ye go to bed.  Within four hours after receive thou thy dinner, observing the good order of Diet, drinking Wine, or Beer oftentimes, and little attonce, eschuinge great draughts of drink, which be used among beasts, and mingle thy meat with mirth, which is ever the best dish at the Board, and be thankful to God. And so leave with an appetite, passing the time wisely between dinner, and supper, with exercise, labour, study, or pastime, 
An order of dieting.  unto the end of uj hours, and then begin thy supper: provided that if it be shorter than thy dinner, eating thy meat by little and little: for greedy eating is hurtful to nature, as Galen saith in his Dietary. Note also, 
Galen. die.  that thou must eat more meat in Winter, than in Summer, because thy natural heat is closed within thy body in Winter, but universally spread in Summer. Also choleric men may as lightly digest Beef, Baken, Uenison. etc. 
The Choleric.  With asmutch speed, & little hurt, as the phlegmatic man may eat, Rabet, Chicken, and Partridge. etc. But the Melancholy man, 
The Melancholy  through the coldness of the Stomach, hath not the strength in the Stomach, as he hath promptness in will: to eat things warm, and moist, is good for him. The sanguine man, is not so swift in his digestion, as the hot choleric man is. 
The Sanguine.  But notwithstanding, he hath good digestion, through the humidity, and warmness of blood, and coveteth to eat sweet things, which greatly augment the blood: Therefore sharp Sauces, made with Uinegar, Onions, and Barberies. Purslen, Sorrel, be wholesome: small Fishes that feed upon the stones, in fair running waters, Cucumbers, & pure French wine, partly delayed with water, be good for the Sanguine Men to keep them from much increase of flesh.  Sickness. 
THou hast showed unto me a discreet, and wholesome Order of Diet particularly to myself, and partly to other Complexions, but what rule or pretty government is there for sick Folks, that be suddenly vexed or other ways?  Health. 

An order for the dieting of such as be sick of sharp Fevers.  THey that be suddenly vexed with sharp sicknesses, must have thin Diets, with water Gruel, thin Mutton, or Chickens, Pottage without any fat or thickness, Uyolet leaves, endive leaves, and such like cooling herbs, and let their drink be made of Ptisantes. Thus do to them, that have hot sharp sicknesses, occasioned of choler. And also cold syrups of Endive, Uyolets, Sugar, water and Uynegar, sodden together be very wholesome. But if sicknesses be long of continuance, their diet must be the thicker, and their meats made stronger, 
Short sickness, thin broth: long sickness, thick broth.  specially if their diseases be cold, with the flesh of Cocks, Capons, temperate Wine stewed Broths, with wholesome herbs, as Buglose, Borage, Bazill, Parsely, and Fenell roots, with some Maces, Dates, Damask prunes, Raisins of the Sun, and such like. syrups of Isope, 
Of syrups and drinks.  and Citrons: provided, that they neither take meat, nor medicine, immediately before, or soon after their fits, posset Ale with clarified herbs accepted, which they may take for their comfort, according to the estate of their Disease. Such as be sick, must have Meat contrary to their Complexion. For they that be cold, must have hot meat, and medicines. And they that be dry, must have moist things. But they that be hot, must have cold things▪ for th'ardent heat of the Fire, is quenched with moistness of the water, and so the quantity of one Element overcometh the quality of an other. And in deed, Physic saith, the bodies that be hot, must be fed with things like themselves, as they that be hot with hot things to preserve their heat, & such like. But when they do exceed in heat, cold, moist or dry: then let the qualities of moistness, be tempered with dryness, and the coldness, with warmness. For like as man delighteth in things of like, 
As the complexion is, so man requireth his food, in the time of health things like to his nature but in sickness the contrary.  as the Choleric man, in choleric things: even so do Beasts, and Fruits, as the Coloquintida, which is bitter, delighteth in bitter ground. Hot spices delight to grow in hot ground, & every fruit, and herb, doth delight in the thing that is like itself: beware of distemperance, surfeits, or repletion, rear suppers, and drunkenness, make thy Belly no shambles, or Kitchen.  Sickness. 
But if a man feel great grief after meats, or drinks, what way is there then, for to help him?  Health. 
Use walking up and down, and perhaps, that will Digest, as Avicen saith: And Rasis saith, 

Avicen the three doctrine, the seven. chapter. Moderate walk after meat, profit lj.  
Galen in vi de accidenti & morbo. Capitu i. Avicen in .13. Theo. iii trac. iii Capit.   to walk an hundred Paces after meat, is wholesome. For it comforteth digestion, provoketh urine, and giveth one power and strength of stomach, to eat his supper. But the counsel of Galen must here be observed, which saith: there is no meat, but it will corrupt, or stink, if the body be cast into a sudden heat, by strong travel soon after meat, which corruption of digestion, is the mother of all diseases, and the beginner of all infirmities, as Avicen reporteth. And if you see, this will not help to digest your ingorged full stomach, then provoke yourself to sleep, lying upon your Right side, leaning toward your Breast and Belly, laying your warm hand upon your Breast, as Auerhois saith: the power of digestion is made strong, when a man sleepeth. For natural heat, that is drawn inwardly with warmness, or heat, hath power to digest: but if sleep ease you not, provoke vomit, or fast it out: and this is the counsel of many learned Men. For it is no marvel, although many meats corrupt one man, 
Avicen in secundo doc. capitu. 6.  which be of sundry workings in the Stomach, liver, and Veins, for the qualities do hinder Nature, asmutch as the superfluous quantities. And take heed these signs, and evil Tokens, be not found in you. The pains of all your Members, with Idleness, and weariness to go, or move your body: Sudden great Blush, or redness in your Face, Veins swelled and puffed up, read urine, and gross Skin, extended or stretched out with fullness, like a blown Bladder, and Pulses full, small desire to meat, ill rest, and grief in sleep, seeming in the sleep to bear some intolerable burden, or dreaming to be speechless: 
Dangerous tokens.  these be the evil and dangerous tokens of repletion. And of this I give you warning, for it hath slain as many by abundance: as hunger hath killed through scarcity. Therefore forget not vomits, whereof I do intend to speak shortly hereafter: how to vomit by medicine accordingly.  Sickness 
I Have heard thee say, that wholesome Air, 
Of air.  is a great comfort to Man's Nature: but corrupt Air, doth much harm. I shall require you therefore, to tell me of the good, and the bad Air, that I may learn to use the good, and refuse the bad.  Health. 
GALEN in lib. de Sectis, saith: A wise Physician ought to know the Natures of men, of waters, of air, of regions, 
physicians aught to have a perfect knowledge of the nature of places, and air.  & dwellings, generally. Particularly, to thyself being a natural Englysheman, of birth & education. This Land is very temperate, howbeit, our dwellings in this land be variable, as Fens, Marryshes, Woods, heaths Ualleyes, Plains, Rocky places, & near the Sea side. But the said Galen, 
Note which is the most wholesome air, to devil in.  giveth counsel in his Regiment of health, saying, a good air, which is pure and wholesome, is that, which is not troubled in standing water Pools. Therefore Marrysh grounds, and places where Hemp, and Flax are rotten, 
What airs corrupt the blood.  and dead Cartons be cast, or multitudes of people dwelling together, or houses environed with standing waters, where into Privies or sinks have issues, or wallowing of Swine, or carrion unburied, or foul houses, or such like places, be dangerous, and corrupt the blood, which is worse than corruptions of meat. For Hypocrates sayeth, that all places of concavities, 
Corrupt airs bring sundry diseases.  as Sellers, Ualtes, holes of Minerals, where mettales be digged, or houses, or Walls joined together, whereas the Sun with reflection beateth in with sooden heat, whose absence bringeth cold: These airs are distempered: but pleasant clear airs, sweet Gardens, goodly hills, in days temperate, when one may see far of: these be good. There be certain stars called also infortunates in their exaltation, whose influence bringeth corruption to creatures, rot, and pestilence, to men & beasts, poisoning waters, and killing of Fish, blasting of Fruit in Trees, and Corn in the Fields, infecting men with divers diseases, Fevers, Paulsies, Dropsies, Frenzies, Falling sickness, and Leprosies. Against the said influences, 
Fervent prayer unto God doth mitigate his wrath.  all Christian men must pray to God to be their defence, for they be God's Instruments, to punish the Earth. Example, we have of mortal Pestilence, horrible Fevers, and Sweatyng sickness, and of late a general Fever, that this Land is often plagued withal. Then make a Fire in every Chimnay within thy house, and burn sweet Perfumes, to purge this foul air. 
Sweet air to be made in the time of sickness, with perfumes: What situation is best for a house.  And now in conclusion to answer thy question, for the health of dwelling, Avicen saith, to devil upon Hills is cold: and in Ualleys, comprised within Hills, is hot. Upon a Hills side, against the North, is cold and dry. Toward the West, gross, moist: very subtle towards the east: and clear and warm, towards the South. And Rasis sayeth: in his first book Afforie. A man dwelling near the Sea side, or great Waters, can not live long, nor can not be without weakness of members or blindness, but the best building of an house is upon a dry Ground, and a hill towards the West side, 
Pleasant people, their air.  and south west doors, and windows open towards the East, & North-east, having near unto the said house, sweet Springs of running waters, coming from stony or chalky Ground, which is both pleasant and profitable to the house. For Hippocrates saith in his book of air, 
Airs are to be observed▪ in sicknesses as in health.  and Water, the second chapter: Cities and Towns, placed toward the East, be more surer, than the Towns builded towards the North, for temperate air, or Wind, and their sicknesses be less. And in the said book Hypocrates greatly commendeth pleasant Rivers, running towards the rising of the Sun: the dwellers in such places (saith he) be fair and well favoured, smooth skinned, clear and sharp voices, and this shall suffice, what and where good and pleasant dwelling is. Note also, that thou must observe air, as thou dost meat: cold sicknesses, warm air: dry sicknesses, moist air. And so in the contraries to them that be sick, and they that be whole. air of like quality, is most wholesome. They that have long sicknesses, change of airs is a great help, both in Fevers, Dropsies, Falling sickness, and rheums. Read Hypocrates in his book of air.  Sickness. 
I Have found very much disquyetnes in my body, when my servants and labouring Family have felt ease, and yet we are partakers of one air, and my toode is fine, and theirs gross.  Health 
THe cause why thy labouring Servants, in the field at Plough, Pastures, or Wood, have such good health, is exercise and labour: 
Moderate exercise is a sufferaine thing.  and disquietness, cometh partly of idleness, and lack of travel, which moderately used, is a thing most sufferain to nature. Read of exercise in the book of household, written by Xenophon: wherein he showeth, the princes would labour, plant. etc.  Sickness. 
I pray thee tell me some thing of exercise?  Health. 
THE well learned man Fulgentius saith: that exercise is a File, and chaffer of the heat natural, which chaseth away Sleep, 
Fulgen, in lib. 2.  and consumeth superfluous humours, wasting the Natural virtues, redeeming of time, enemy unto Idleness, due unto young Men, joy unto old Men, and to say the truth, he which doth abstain from Exercise, shall lack the joys of Health, and quietness, both of body and mind. And Galen sayeth, in his Regiment of Health, if we will keep perfect Health, we must begin with labours, and moderate Travel, and then to our meat and drink, and so forth to our sleep: and this is the cause why Faukeners, Shouters, Hunters, Runners, 
What profit cometh by exercise.  Tenisplayers, Plowmen, and Gardeners, and lyfters of weights. etc. have so good digestion and strength of Body. Who be stronger armed men than Smiths? Why so? Because of the exercise of their arms: stronger bodied than Carpenters, with life great Blocks, and Masons, which bear great stones, not only in their youth, but such men will take marvelous travails in age, which to idle people, seem very painful, but unto themselves that Travel, no pain, but pleasure, because of custom. These people can digest gross meats, eating them with much pleasure, 
Use maketh labour ca●●.  and sleeping sound after them upon hard Beds: where as the idle Multitudes in Cities, and in Noble men's Houses, in great numbers for lack of exercise, do loath Meats of light digestion, and dainty dishes: Marry in deed they may be very profitable to Physicians. But if Travel be one of the best preservers of health, 
Aph●.  then is idleness the destroyer of Life as Auerrhois sayeth: and Hypocrates sayeth, every contrary is removed, and helped by his contrary, as Health helpeth sickness▪ exercise putteth away idleness. etc., But every light moving, or sort walking, 
Idleness the mo●her of all mischief.  may not be called an exercise, as Galen sayeth: therefore Tennis, Dancing, Running, Wrestling. Riding upon great Horses, were ordained aswell for the state of men's health, as for pleasure: whereas they are now converted in many places, rather to the hurt of many, than the profit of few. Exercise doth occupy every part of the Body, quicken the Spirits. purge the excreamentes both by the reins, and Guts, therefore it must be used before meat. For if strong exercise be used immediately after meat, it conveyeth corruption to each part of the body, 
Exercise before m●ate.  because that meat is not digested. But when thou seest thy water after meat, appear somewhat citrine, or yellow: 
Li●le travel for the sick.  then mayest thou begin exercise, for digestion is then well: but sick folks, lean persons, young Children, Women with Child, may not much travel. To conclude: the exercise of Dice, Cards, fight, drinking, 
A sign of digestion.  footebaule, and casting of the stone, with lusts immoderately used, and such like, may be called exercises of fools, rather than of wisemen. I might have spoken much of exercise of hand labour: and of the noble profession, or worthy estate of a true soldier, but this shall suffice.  Sickness. 
THere are many idle people in Cities, and in noble houses, do think the chief felicity only, 
The practice of idle people.  to be from bed to belly, and then from belly or board, to Bed again: none other lives they will use, than Cards, Dice, or prattling title tattle excepted. Spending their times in sleeping, eating, and laughing: and somewhat else to small effect. Now for asmutch as they neither can, or will travail, what say you to the matter.  Health. 

Idleness bringeth mischief to the body & soul, and poverty. Gene. nineteen.  Marry this kind of life, would make of a noble, or worshipful person, a deformed monstrous man: with a life short and painful: & eftsoons change a yeoman into the miserable estate of a beggar. For Idleness and plenty of victuals, are fit for such citizens, as were in Sodoma & Gomorrha which perished in their lust, idleness and fatness. And although perhaps, there be a great Number, with say in their hearts, 
The Heathen are better than many Christians.  Non est deus: and look for no life to come. Yet because they have the shapes of men, not forcing for the immortality of the soul (for which damnation is due) yet let them not appear, worse than brute beasts, 
An example of brute beasts.  in this point. Or the Heathen infidel, which Heathen are both comely, clean, worldly wise, valiant, neat and fine, and also have goodly (although not godly providence to preserve bodily health. For it is reason, they should so do, seeing they are careless for the soul: but the idle Christian, careth little for both, the belly excepted. Well far the Heathen, in this honest manly point to preserve nature.  
The fat Ox, or ugly brauned Boar, although they can not come out from their franks or staules, lacking Liberty: yet nature hath taught them, a trim wholesome exercise, called frication, or rubbing of themselves: chafing forth by the poares evil humours, 
Of frication the virtue thereof.  wherein they do find pleasure & health. There is no kind of beast, that might be long without filthy itch, sores, or scabs, without they use frication, coming. etc. Frication is one of the evacuations, yea, or clensynges of Mankind, as all learned affirm: that Mankind should rise in the Morning, and have his Apparel warm, stretching forth his hands and legs, preparing the body to the stool, and then begin with a fine Comb to comb the hair up and down: them with a course warm cloth, to chafe or rub the head, Neck, Breast, arm holes, belly, thighs. etc. and this is good to open the poares. Further, if any have the Cramp, or is full of Melancholy, or heaviness of Mind, or else fallen into a sudden cold, through watching in a cold house, or field, 
When to use rubbing or frication, and wherefore.  or else have a moist rheum. etc. What is better than frication, or chafing with warm clotheses? This is the very best way, but it must be done a mornings, before meats: but at night it is not good. For than it openeth the poares of the body, and is an enemy to sleep, and quiet rest, and letteth forth natural virtue, which should nourish sleep. Now, as concerning the diversity of frication, or rubbing, note three things. The first is, 
Three things to be observed in Frication.  hard frication doth open the poares, let forth smoke, and bind the body. Soft frication doth mollify, and relax the body, as it is written, Dura frixione ligatur, molli verò soluitur. But the third which neither is soft, nor hard, but mean doth neither diminysh, nor increase, but indifferently warmeth. Neither are the spirits or smoke of the natural heat, thereby let forth by the poares of the skin: And all men that use to be trimmed, washed, 
It is not good to be trimmed of the Barber at night, but in the morning.  or rubbed at the Barbours' at evening, do err from the regiment of health, but in the morning it is very good and comfortable, and augmenteth natural heat, & strength, expulsing sluggishness and sleep. So that the body lift some weighty thing from the Ground or else draw a Bow, according to his strength. Furthermore understand, that all dry and whole bodies, may use frication, with warm and moist oils: And all moist and cold bodies, to use the contrary. There are also joined to frication, two other exercises: 
Gestation the profit thereof  the one is called Gestation, that is to be carried of an other thing, without any travail of the body itself, and as easy cocking in a Cradle, to be car●ed up and down in a chair: either in fair Wether, to be rowed up & down in a tylted Boat or Barge, and this is very good for weak people, which have had long agues. etc. The second part of this exercise, is Equitation, 
Equitation is very wholesome.  which may be moderately used of sick men and Women, that be weak through Fevers, or Timpanye. And that must be used, upon a soft easy going horse, in a plain pleasant field, in the clear air, upon the fair days. These exercises do not only reconcile sleep, but augment & make strong the natural virtues. And thus I end of Frication, Equitation, and Gestation: of this you may read lib. iiij. capi. vi. Aetius. Cornelius Celsus lib. iiij. capi. nineteen. who also writeth profitably, and plentifully of the same no less pleasant than good, to man's nature: sudden exercise after meat, maketh the blood foul, corrupteth digestion, letteth forth natural heat, 
When to travel, or play.  maketh the stomach cold, bringeth scabs: as Hypocrates affirmeth. Si impurgatus laboraucrit, ulcera erumpent, therefore in the morning, and two hours after meat, exercise is best.  Sickness. 
THis is well, I assure you. But yet I have seen, strong Uomittes have chanced to men, after their meats. Exercise or Frication. etc. what is the cause thereof?  Health. 
FIrst, weak stomachs in sick people, or women with child, 
The cause of vomit, and when it helpeth, & when it hurteth.  they will quickly vomit, as, we see by custom: also Repletion through meats, or strong drinks, bring Uomyttes. Notwithstanding vomit is a goodly evacuation, for those persons, which be molested and grieved in their breasts or stomachs, or them, which be vexed with phlegm, or choler, 
What persons may best vomit.  with such like foul humours, which grieve the stomach. And specially to people, which have short Necks, great breasts, and wide Mouths: For all these may easily vomit without hurt. Also they, which have narrow breast, and long small Necks, may not well vomit, without hurt, or peril of deaffenesse, and strangling: howbeit Hypocrates, the Prince of Physicians saith, who so hath a vomit, without coaction or medicine, 
Who may worst vomit.  it healeth them, which have had a long flux or lax. The same Hypocrates saith, who so ever vomiteth black choler upward, without a medicine given, 
Uomit helpeth the flux.  it is a token of death. Uomittes be also perilous to them that be in consumption, or weak of nature. The best time of vomits is in Summer, as Hypocrates affirmeth four Aphoris. Aestate quidem superioris magis ventr. Hyeme autem inferioris medicamentis purgare convenit. It is more convenient, 
When to vomit.  for to purge the body downward in Winter, but upward in Summer: specially in Harvest tyme. Howbeit, Cornelius Celsus affirmeth, that no vomit in Winter, is better than Summer: by the reason the stomach is full of crude, raw phlegm. Galen de lib. primo ratio victus, counseleth to vomit two times in the month saying it is good, that is to say, every, xu days. But note this, that you vomit two days together, for that which is left the first day, shallbe cleansed by vomit the second, But in som● vomits, 
How to provoke vomit, and how to stay it.  veins are broken through great straining of the body: and like as to procure a vomit, we do minister Oximell Squilliticum, warm Water and honey, and sometime Oil, or the leaves of Azarabaccha. etc. Even so we minister when an evil accident cometh of overmutch vomit, to the sick body Mint water with the powder of Mumie, Sage, Mirobalans, Chepoli, the powder of mastic. And give to drink Diacodion, small Wine with toasted bread: and thus I do end with vomittes, which are good before meat, but better after the same two hours: as affirm divers men, of great experience.  Sickness. 
After strong vomits, there chanceth often times the Hickop, or yexing, what help for that?  Health. 
THat is very perilous, I assure you: for after strong purgations or vomittes, 
An hickop after a vomit is perilous.  saith Hypocrates, if either convulsion, or the Hickoppe, called yexing do come, it is perilous, and much to be feared. Further sayeth he, in his Aphorism. Conuulsio a veratro lethalis est. A convulsion, saith he, after one hath drunk Elleborus albus is deadly, by the reason that the strength of this Uenemous Herb, doth draw from the Sinews moistness, 
To help the Hickope.  and contracteth them with a sudden emptiness, and dryness that scant help may be had, but rather deadly peril followeth, or even as if they were aged, passed Nature, and ready prepared to the place of silence, or the Grave. Yet notwithstanding do thus, and refuse not this mean, which hath great Virtue. ℞. Meal of fenugreek, of Fleaworte, of clean Barley, ana. ℥ four and the Oils of Uyolets, water Lilies, & read Roses, ana. ℥. j.ss. honey. ℥ i mingle all, and temper them in a mortar: 
A goobly way to help hickop, coming after vomit.  then seethe Mallows, and Violets together, ana. M.j. put them into a Mortar▪ beat them well, and make two emplasters, applying under the breasts and arm holes, meeting towards the reins of the back. And give the Patient goats milk or Woman's milk with Sugar: and wash his head with warm Wine, wherein is sodden Roses, Violets, Mallows, Barley, and five finger. And then warm anoint the head with the Oils of Roses, water Lilies, and Hen's grease, and then make a bath for the Patient to sit in, of Uyolets, Roses, Henbane, Mallows, Poppy, Lettice, and water Lilies: and thus I do end of the yexing, 
A mean is best.  which is an evil accident, following vomit of two extremes, that is of repletion & emptiness: a mean is left therefore in every thing. For extremes you see, are hurtful, both in matters politic, and Physic. etc.  Sickness. 
There is an evacuation called Sternutation, or sneezing: what doth the profit?  Health. 
HIPPOCRATES, of sneezing saith thus, Sternutamentum fit ex capite, Cerebro califacto, aut humectata capitis part inani: Aer enim intrò contentus extra erumpit, sonat autem quoniam per angustiam exit: Aphor. 52. That is, sneezing that cometh from the head, 
Of neesing, the profit thereof.  is made either of the Brain, which is hot, or else the empty or void place of the head, being very moist. For the air contained therein, breaketh forth, through a small narrow way: and so cometh the sound or noise forth. This is wholesome, that the strength of nature forceth forth wind, specially once or twice in the morning, putting away belching: but more is not good, and who so cannot neese, it is a sign of weakness, sickness, 
Sneezing doth help Women in their travel  coldness, and age. And to neese after meat, is not wholesome, but when a Woman laboureth with Child, or hath the Mother, then Sneezing is wholesome, and healthful, and will soon help them: but sometime through strong sneezing, bleeding doth quickly ensue, by the breaking of some Ueyn● Then apply the Nasalia, and frontarij, as I have written before, in the end▪ of the compounds.  Sickness. 
Then what say you of bleeding, what profit or peril is in it?  Health. 
I Have spoken thereof sufficiently before: thereefore, I say, remember, that to be let blood in the Spring time, 
When it is good to bleed●  is the best season, as Galen affirmeth, in libro de Flobothomia, and through the same, these evils are helped. Repletion, Pleurisy, hot Tercians, Frenses, Pestilence, stopping of the terms etc. All the organs of the Senses are cleansed thereby. And finally, the Body is of a weak body, made strong to them, 
Who must no● bleed.  which are in lusty years. But provide, that neither people in consumption, old folks, Women with child, or yongue children, be let blood. And no man to be let blood, after the good blood appeareth in bleeding, for fear of Cramp, Palsy, or dropsy. Nor none to sleep, after they are let blood 8. hours. 
Tuck and Rapier.  Read Galen ut supra, and Rasis lib. 4. ad Almanso. There is a new kind of Instruments to let blood withal, which bring the blood letter sometime to the Gallows, because he striketh to deep. These Instruments are called, the ruffians Tuck, and long foining Rapier: weapons more malicious, than manly.  Health. 
Will boxing do any pleasure?  Health. 

Boxing is good for a Lubber.  YEa forsooth, very much: As example, if you have any saucy low●, or loitring lubber within your house, that is either to busy of his hand, or tongue. and can do nothing▪ but play one of the parts, of the .24. orders of knaves, There is no prettier medicine for this, nor sooner prepared, than boxing is iii or four times well set on, a span long on both the cheeks. And although perhaps, this will not altar his lubberly conditions, yet I assure you, it will for a time, change his knavysh complexion, and help him of the green sickness: and every man may practise this, as occasion shall serve him in his family, to reform them.  

Boxing doth draw forth evil humour. etc.  But for the Boxing, whereof Galen speaketh, calling it Boxing, Cupping, with Cucurbitula. etc. Saith he, Boxing doth help swelling, and letteth forth wind, stoppeth the terms immoderate, and the bloody flux, and helpeth appetite. And when a Woman doth swoon, it is good to revive the spirits again. There are two kinds of the ventosas, or Boxinges, the gentlest is without scarification: 
Boxing do stop the terms, when they do abound  the other is to draw forth water, and assuage hard swelling, and cleanseth Melancholy, specially in weak Bodies. And it will remove humours from place to place, as from the head to the Neck, from the Neck to the shoulders. etc. And what stoppeth the terms sooner, as Hypocrates Apho, Si mulieri menstrua sistere volveris, Cucurbitulam quam maximam sub mammis defige. If thou wilt stop the terms of a Woman, than put a great ventose under, or upon her breasts, for the vain, which is in the matrix, cometh from the breasts.  Sickness. 
Doth sweeting profit any thing at all, to mankind?  Health. 
Sweeting is no less pleasant to Nature, than profitable to a common Wealth: 
Of sweats profitable, and unprofitable, to a common Wealth,  and sometime sweeting is unprofitable. As example. If any artificer, or Husband man, have any servant that is so diligent, that he can sweated at his labour, and not at his meat, this is a good sweat: But if his man do eat until he sweat, and labour without heat, this fellow, if you give him not an expulsive, out at your haul door, 
An expulsive for an idle Lout.  undoubtedly he will else shortly vomit you, into the backehouse Ditch, with a thread bore Cap. Therefore, take heed to such sweaters, and idle eaters, except you be Abunde Dives, and yet let all men both poor and rich: 
Gene. iii  remember what Almighty GOD said unto Adam: Manducabis herbam agri, in sudore vultus tui vesceris pane, donec reverteris in humum. Thou shalt eat the Herb of the field, in the sweat of thy face, thou shalt eat Bread, until thou be returned back again into the Earth or Ground. And in an other place it is written: they which will not labour shall not eat. And also there is a promise of God▪ by the mouth of the holy Prophet, which affirmeth saying: Name labore manuum tuarum manducabis, beatus eris, & optime habebis: that is. For of thy labour of thy Hands, thou shalt eat, thou shalt be blessed, and have the best things: as prosperity, and the fruits of the earth. etc. Lo, here you see, here is no hunger, begging, idleness, loitring picking, slavery, dising, whoring, thieving, prysoning for the same, 
A good reward, for a diligent labour,  or Tiburning, appointed not to labourers, but to loiterers. Here you have the promise of God for the same: that they which will honestly labour and sweat, shall be in good health to eat. As we daily see the honest labouring husband men, and their family do travel, toil, and sweated: they have therefore God's blessing, good health and long Life. 
The Carter doth daily help the Courtier.  For if the husband man and Carter did not sweated each other day, the Courtier and Citizen would cry well away. Now sir to physical sweat, whereof I will shortly conclude, which are two kinds: the first of them is natural, as when men do voluntarily sweated, without force of medicine, as hot drink, or hot House. or stove: these will easily open the poares, and dissolve gross humours, 
Of two kinds of sweats, natural, and artificial.  cleanse the blood, comfort the spirits, put away cold, consume crude humours, amend the sinews, put away ache or numbness, Fevers, dropsy, and the Pestilence: Sweat helpeth all these. And if one be sick in his sweat, he aught not to sleep: and this is a token, that he shall do well in sweeting, if he sweated in all places, and by little and little feel the pains assuage, than it is a sign that health will follow. But if he sweated, in one or two places only, and find more grief, it is an evil token,  
The artificial sweat, is made in stoves, baths, or bladders, 
Pox is cleansed by sweat.  with hot water, hot stones, put in clotheses, and applied to the body lying in Bed. Or else with moist baths of herbs, or perfumes with Mastic, Stirar Oil. etc. Which have virtue to cleanse scabs, itch▪ Pox. I say the Poor, as by experience we see, there is no better remedy than sweeting, and the drinking of Gu●icum, using it in due time and order. Provided always, to sweated at evening is better than in the morning: as Physic affirmeth, and reason proveth. For when the Body hath nourishment within, the spirits shall not be utterly drawn forth to the extreme parts, 
Who aught to sweat, and who not.  through the outward heat. Further, let lean dry folks, or feeble persons, use little to sweat: for it will hurt them much, but fat folks may sweated well, it helpeth them much▪ howbeit, sweat is not good for the eyes, because it drieth to much: lean Bodies therefore aught to be anointed with Oil, after they have sweat, Sweat is ever good in sharp agues, 
What sweat is good.  in the days of the Crises, or judgement of sickness, saith Hypocrates in his Prognostico: but the contrary, Sudores optimi sunt, in omnibus acutis morbis, qui in diebus iudicatorijs. etc. Read here after, in the signs of death, of sweeting.  Sickness. 
What say you of abstinence, or fasting, is it very profitable for the body?  Health. 

The great goodness of fasting, both for the soul & the body.  YEa truly, and also for the soul: as it is written by the Prophet: In jeiunio humiliavi animam meam: In fasting, saith he, have I humbled and brought low my soul. Fasting is a singular Instrument to correct the flesh, and make it obedient, and servant to the spirit, if it be joined with faith otherways it is vain, concerning perfect religion. But nevertheless, profitable in Physic, is abstinence for the body. For take this for example: If one have taken a surfeit, with repletion or fullness, or else drunkenness, nothing is better to bring the body into good quiet order, 
The rich use gluttony, and poor penury.  than abstinence, which will consume matter superfluous and hurtful, But yet not of itself, but by a certain way or mean: for it it is not quickly restored, which with long abstinence hath been wasted. Fasting is not utterly to refuse meat, but to eat that which preserveth Life only: O that moderation were used in a common wealth, then would not the rich die in gluttony, and abundance, nor the poor perish for lack of bread. Extremes are evil to much fasting, or to much hunger. Galen affirmeth, that people which have narrow veins have but little blood, and such may not suffer long hunger, but shall fall into sickness. But they which have great veins, have plenty of blood, and may fast without hurt. So may all such, as have much raw crude matter, 
Choleric people must not fast much  which is helped through fasting. Abstinence is hurtful to choleric, and Melancholic persons, or them which are sick and weak, or to young children: so every one must be considered in order accordingly.  Sickness. 
WHen I have been weary and sore vexed both in mind, and body, no thing hath done me so much pleasure. as sleep hath done, and rest in the night time: what say you to sleep?  Health. 
Sleep is brother unto death, saving the one doth not awake again, and the other doth recover the senses: and of necessity, all Creatures that wake, or watch, must sleep and rest. For the holy Prophet saith, in the book of Psalms, or Hymns to almighty God: Ego iacui & do●miui atque evigilavi, 
The virtue or benefit of sleep, or rest Psal. 3.  quoniam dominus me suffulcit. I laid me down (saith he) and slept, and also waked again: for the Lord did only comfort me, Truly that God, that made us also, made our actions and doings as labour, rest, eating, drinking, sleeping, and waking, without which we cannot live. Aristotle saith, all living things have sleep, as swimming, flying, and going creatures. Further he sayeth. sleep is like the falling evil, by the reason all the senses are deprived: for sleep is the ligament of the senses, 
No man or beast, can live without rest.  and waking doth unbind them, and sleep is given to each living creature, for their health. And further, Aristotle showeth the cause of sleep, saying: Somnus causatur ex vapore cibi, qui vadit ad cerebrum. 
Arist. de som.  etc. Sleep is caused of the smoke or vapour of the meat, going into the brain: which cometh back again cold, and maketh sleep. Therefore Men after Meals, are soon given to Sleep, as we do see by experience: and without sleep, wise men should be changed into idiot fools. Note this, that all sleeps do not make thine, dissolve, or warm always. but such sleeps only as follow either labour, great exercise, or hunger. And further, when man is sleeping, the natural heat is drawn inward, which when the said sleep findeth no nourishment or thing to feed upon: then like a Lion, it doth forthwith consume, 
How the stomach must be prepared toward sleep.  and waste the best Humour, or one of the radical virtues, and in conclusion, doth dry up the blood and make the body lean: therefore, let all lean folks, or them which have been abundantly purged, or else let blood, beware of very much sleep, sleep after sweat, labour, as running, tennis, much dancing, which do open all the poares, and let forth all the evil vapours, between the skin and the flesh. Which sleep doth revoke, retract, and draw back again, 
When sleep is perilous.  through the inward heat, wasting the same moisture, and if one have flegmon in his Guts, that is to say, apostumation of Choler and Blood, nothing is more perilous than sleep. by the reason, that the burning and heat increaseth, which will augment the dolour: even so in our english sweat, and the Pestilent sleep, it is to be forborn, and also before blood letting, and after during twelve hours, 
Drunkards what they do.  or else the poison will approach to the heart Or when the fit of an Ague doth begin, or in drinking any Uenime. etc. For in such cases, it will make either rigour, or horror, leaving the outward parts cold, drawing through unnatural heat, the venom to the nutrimental parts, or else to the parts vital: 
The cause why a drunkard dieth suddenly.  and so this way sleep is not good, but rather hurteth. Even so it hurteth the drunkards, bench-whislers, that will quasse until they are stark staring mad, like March Hares, Fleming like Scinkars, brainless like infernal Furies, Drinking, brawling, tossing of the Pitchar, staring, pissing, and saving your reverence, beastly spewing until midnight: these fellows abuse the time of sleep, and in such case if they should sleep, perhaps apoplexia, 
Luke. xx.ii.  and sudden death would follow, as Hypocrates affirmeth Aphoris. seven. Si ebrius quispiam repentè obmutuerit, convulsus moritur, nisi febre corripiatur, aut ubi ad horam pervenerit quá crapulae soluuntur, vocem recuperet. That is (if a drunkard do suddenly loose his speech, and become dumb: he shall die of a convulsion, except he be taken of an Ague, or else receive again his Speech, at the same hour, when the surfyte is digested. He herein speaketh reasonable: for drunkenness flieth into the brain, and so distilleth into the sinews, which bringeth convulsion, and after convulsion ensueth Death, through the Crude, Cold moistness. Except the Heat of a Fever do concoct, and waste it. etc. Therefore, let Men take heed of drunkenness to bedward, for fear of sudden Death: although the Flemysh Nation, use this horrible custom, in their unnatural watching all the Night. But remember his words, which have made us all, and know what diet is best for us, even jesus Chryst himself saying: Cavete autem vobis, nequando graventur corda vestra, crapula, & ebriete. etc. And a wise Man saith: Omne nimium naturae inimicum, all Extreamyties are Enemies to Nature. So is to much Labour, meat, sleep, Watch: or to little is evil also: a mean therefore is good, and the best of all. And a due time, place, manner, and order of sleep. The night is the best time: the day is evil, to sleep in the field is perilous. 
Of good and bad sleep.  But upon, or in the Bed, lying first upon the right side, until you make Water: then upon the left side is good. But to lie upon the back, with a gaping mouth, is dangerous: and many thereby are found stark dead in their sleep, through apoplexia, and obstruction of the sinews, of the places vital, animal, and nutrimental. And all such as feel intolerable pains in their breasts in the Night, which grown, and can not draw their breath: 
Fools be afraid of the Mare in their sleep.  the very cause is, lying or sleeping on their back, and not through the Mare, or night spirit, as they term it, after the judgement of superstitious Hypocrites, Infidels, with charms coniuryngs, and relics hanging about the Neck, to fray the Mare, the fool I should say. Let such people, both keep good diate, clean lodging, lie in order, as I have said, and specially commend both their sleeping and waking to jesus Chryst, that they may live honestly, go to bed merrily, sleep quietly, and rise early. 
How to avoid evil dreams.  To serve GOD devoutly, and do their business in their vocation diligently: to help themselves and their neighbours charitably, and not to be careful for any dream in the Night. But wisely consider this, if they do dream of Fire, to take it for no evil presage of strife etc. But rather that fire doth signify, that yellow hot Choler doth abound, and would be purged by good potions, Diasene, or the Syrup of rhubarb. And to beware of a Tertian Ague. And when they dream of Clouds: darkness, 
What dreams do signify.  or to lie in dark dungeons. etc. Remember it is Melancholy, that vexeth the body and spirits in the sleep: and would be purged with Hamech, Pills de lapide Lazuli. etc. If dreams be of cold, Snow, Ice, water, than phlegm would be diminished with potions according. and Pills de Agarico. etc. Some in the Night seem in their sleeps▪ as though a great block were pressing down their Legs: this is the resolution of the Sinews, or the abundance, which would be let forth, by the Medyan vein. And to use bathing to Bedward in warm water, with sweet herbs: and to dry their Legs, 
Hypocrates upon sleeps.  and so go warm to bed is excellent. And thus I do end of sleeping and waking, of which saith Hypocrates Aphor. Vehemens vigilia, tum cibi tum potionis cruditatem efficit That is, vehement watching doth bring crudity, and rawness, both to meat and drink in the stomach: 
Much watch causeth raw humours in the stomach.  Moderate watch is good for students to make them learned, for apprentices to give them knowledge in their faculty, to the man of war, or Watchman, to prevent the enemy; to the fat body, to diminish grossness: But watching at Dice, Cards. etc. Make many watch men in lanes ends, for their purses: 
To whom watch is good.  such watches I say make many miserable wretches, whose rewards we see daily, to be dangerous and shameful in the end.  Sickness. 

Thafflictions of the mind are hard to be helped.  THere is one thing, which hath troubled me very long, it is a sickness, that hitherunto I could find no Physician so cunning, wise, or learned, that ever was able to help the same. Neither did I ever see, or taste of that medicine, that had virtue to relieve me in that point. Furthermore, the change of air, were it never so sweet or pleasant, with the sights of fair fields, Gardens, hills, woods, & valleys, ●ouered with all coloured kinds of sweet smelling plants, herbs, or flowers, could never help this sickness. 
Pleasure is noisome to the disquiet heart.  The daily beholding of jewels of stone, Gold, rich apparel, fair buildings: yea, manly feats of Arms, with triumphant sights, did me never a pinsworth of pleasure. But when the time was past, my sickness doubly assaulted me again.  
The Sacred heavenly Musis or Heliconiades, the daughters of jupiter, whom I have known: those ix celestial damosels, which did wash them in the Well with silver streams, where as the swift flying Horse called Pegasus pierced with hard hoof, the frozen hard diamond flint, as Poetes affirm. These ix Ladies called the Nymphs, 
The ix. heavenly Ladies can smally comfort some careful heart when it is in care.  have infinite virtues to please the ear withal in Music, yet have they not pleased me: as example. The first called Calliope hath a voice most heavenly in pleasure, to move the affections withal. The ii named Clio, a mat●on of grace to all damosels, for womanly behaviour: yet with a glorious comely Gesture, moving her beholders, inwardly to sigh. or break their sleeps in the night. Such grace she hath, to wound the hearts of lusty youth, and make the aged despair, which are past hope▪ to renew their age again. The iii is the amorous Lady Erato, with her sweet songs of lovers delight: whose tunes are of such heavenly virtue, equal to the Angels: which have such force, that they will banish all Lovers weeping looks, yea, care, and loving spite, and make each amorous subject, or Prisoner, free to themselves, 
The Sacred gift, that the ix· heavenly Musis have and can give to others, to comfort them in trouble.  without mistrust, casting from them their cold Willow crowns of mourning: and forthwith, this tune will 'cause them to renew themselves, in that victorious diadem of warm Laurel, against all cold passions. And give them their delights, through this her sweet pitiful song. The fourth will cast a sweet water on the face of every slothful Lover, and quickly wake them, out of their flattering or fearful dreams, and show them gladness, and all pleasant green things, to forget their folly, or pleasant purgatory, her name is Thalia. Then followeth dame Melpomene with her songs, separating of Mars from Venus. Prophesying of War, and fearful Tragadies, she is the .v. The sixth named Terpsichore pacifying War, and noise of bloody Trumpet, reconciling all again, with heavenly Harp, and Musical Instruments of cords by her: under the sweet arbour, sitteth her sister Euterpe, with instruments of Wind, agreeing with her sister in true Musical concord or unity, she is the seventh. The eight is Polibymnia, with a memory passing all creatures, this Musis drive Music into numbers, by whose knowledge, the velocity or swiftness of the soul is perceived. The ix and last is Urania, through who her sacred song, month each living man to be heavenly minded, religious, and to give themselves to a blessed life. Her songs be lamentable, pitiful, drawing the hearts from earthly vanities, desiring a change into a happier Land, 
The names of the nine Muses, who their gifts  above the bright shining stars. These Musis, I say, dear Health, have helped me before these days: but now can not at all forall their pleasant piping. For their delights to me be rather loathsome, and vex my Mind: saving the last Muse, called Urania, which moveth me, for else none. For they are but plain vanity.  Health. 
WHat sickness is this, that neither Physic, nor all these delights, can give cure unto? it is a marvelous disease, be like it should appear, that it is no sickness of the body, but rather the passions or perturbations of the mind.  Sickness. 
You have spoken the truth, it is even so: but I take it to be no new sickness, 
All the works under the Sun, are nothing but vanity▪ and affliction to the mind.  among foolish Men· For the wisest man himself, complaineth thereof, saying: Ecclesiastes cap. j Prospexi enim omnia opera quae sunt Caelo, & ecce omnia sunt inanitas, & animi molestia. etc. Truly I did behold all things, that are wrought under the Sun: and behold they are all but vanity, and vexation of the mind. etc. And so this affliction of the mind, 
The perturbation, or sudden motion of the mind, must be well observed.  is the greatest grief, that I have with my perturbations. But in a manner, I do not understand each of their causes, they are so variable, painful, and endless. For my delight and pleasure is gone, and brought in bondage to them through long trouble.  Health. 
THey are called perturbations of the Mind, after. M. Cicero: but Galen termeth them Pathemata vel affectus animi, 
Of the sudden alteration of the mind, from joy to care.  that is the affections,, or sudden motions of the mind, changed or altered through some cause, from the right way of reason into some passion; and these motions of the spirits, must be as well considered, 
Of fear what it is.  and diligently observed of the Physician, in the time of sickness, as any other common known sickness.  
For these perturbations, or painful affections of the spirits, do change the estate of the body, marvelously and suddenly. As we within few days past, 
Examples of sudden fear.  have seen a person beautiful, well favoured, pleasant. etc. but now we scant know him: jesus, say we, how this man is altered, and clean changed, within these five days, as though it had never been he? etc. 
God's vengeance. Regum. i.  This is our talk, of the sudden alterations of our aquaintances: we therefore must resort unto certain reasons, in such cases. As example. Fear is after some evil tidings, or doubt of mischief, as loss, prisonment, or that death will quickly ensue. Then these things will follow: The spirits and blood are all drawn inward, and then all the outward. members are pale and cold, with trembling and faintness of speech. By the reason that all the virtues, both animal and Natural, are made feeble, and suddenly weak: through which often times it have been seen, that sudden fear, hath brought sudden Death: as example: Ely the high Priest, over the People of GOD, in the Day of the great battle, when the Philistines prevailed against Israel: as he sat upon a Stool, looking towards the way, his heart feared him, for the ark of GOD: in the mean time, there ran a Man hastily unto him, with a lamentable look, in mourning Clotheses, declaring unto him, first how that Israel was fled and slain. Secondly, that his two Sons, Ophni, and Phinehes were slain. Thirdly, that the uncircumcysed had taken the Ark of GOD: at which tidings, such sudden fear came to his heart, that forthwith he fell down backward & broke his neck. And this same evil tidings, slew with sudden care, his daughter in law, the wife of Phinihes, saying in her death, the glory is gone from Israel. 
Evil parents, and evil Children.  This was Elies' plague, for suffering his Children to live wickedly. For where as God is not feared, at length he will suddenly fear them. Fear I do say, is a marvelous monster, an Infernal Image, and a terrible vision to the soul: for fear is not for things past, but only for things to come▪ and to take things in the worst part, Was not jesus Chryst our God and saviour afraid, what time as he set before his eyes, the Pains and sharpness of death, Dolore afficitur anima mea usque ad mortem, My soul, 
Fear is like a monster of Hell.  said he, is made heavy even unto the death? yea his fear was such, that for agony, his drops of sweat, were like unto blood. This was a great fear, even in Chryst: but yet it made him not give over, foreseeing the sealing of our election by his death. But the fear, which taketh mortal men, maketh them cowardly often times. Through it Peter did swear, he was none of Christ'S company: and that he knew him not at all. Fear made David to counterfeit, and go like a mad man, 
Fear in Chryst.  for to avoid Saul which persecuted him. Fear made Athanasius, the Bishop of Alexandria, to hide himself two years in a Cave, from the cruelty of the Arrians, 
Fear in S. Peter. Fear in David.  It causeth the Chrystians to flee, in the time of persecution: And sometime the Christian through it, is forced to play the Idolater. As example. When the Tyrant Diocletianus The Emperor, in his cruel murdering of the Chrystians, did command every one to be slain, that would not Honour, 
Athanasius fear.  and offer to his Idols: Marcellus the Bishop, as Eusebius affirmeth, in a great fear, did Sacrifice to the Devil: Lo here doth fear try religion. Sometime fear will creep so far into the conscience, 
Fear of the Christians. Fear maketh men offer to Idols.  that it letteth in despair. As example of judas, which is a good precedent to all traitors: and many tyrants through it, have slain themselves: fear often times, is very intolerable. For there is no touch stone, can better declare, the diversity of metals, than fear will bewray the worthy, or unworthy Manhood of Men. As example. There was a lusty blood, 
Example of Marcellus.  or a pleasant brave young roister at Athenes, whose name was Aristogiton, as the Historiographer affirmeth: which commonly would talk and brag, what good service if need were that he could do to Mars. All his talk was of UUarre, how to devise Weapons of invasion, to destroy the Enemy: 
Fear bringeth desperation, example. of judas.  to train forth Men, to give the Onset, with all lusty courage. And upon a time, the Athenians prepared a mighty strong Army against their Enemies, and among all others, they had this Aristogiton in no small price: supposing him to be in deed, as he was in word. And calling him forth to take a charge when he hard, an act to be done in deed: O GOD, 
To prove a coward by example of a Greek which was a great bragger.  how his Heart was in his Hose, for fear he trembled, and quaked like an Aspen leaf, as though he had begun the fit of a Tercian Ague. He could not tell what shift to make, or whether to go to hide himself: but at length Dame shame, whispered him in the ear, and bad him wrap one of his legs with roulers and Clouts, as though he were lame: and so he did, & with pale Face, and staff in hand, he came halting and creeping forth, like a sheepish Lout, lamenting his case, that such evil had chanced him. But his heart was with them all, said he, yet durst he not travel, until his Leg was whole. But when the people did see him dance so lively, like a Lubber in a Net. Lord how they laughed this Carpet squire to scorn. I pray GOD, the like fear be not found, among a great number of our People, that can Roist, Crack, brawl, Swear, and brag, in the time of peace: quarreling with quiet people, and lift up looks, frowning like Tigers. And when the Queen's majesty shall have need to withstand the Enemy, or suppress the Rebel: that then they become not like unto Aristogiton, with soar Legs, Agues, broken Arms, trembling, lamentable Looks, as bold as Geese, or Lions of Coteswolde Heath. Sending their water to the Physician, to cloak their knavery, for lack of Manhood: or ●ls with unguentum aurum, can anoint their Captains hand, to blot them out of their muster Book, 
A shift for fresh water soldiers.  which is a good Medicine. For fear in such case, there is not the like receipt, in all Bucklersbury, I assure you: many more things could I speak of fear, but my matter is of Physic. But this Cordial shall suffice, for a Coward.  
Now followeth anger, which doth increase, inflame, and set their Bodies upon a fire, with a sudden burning heat: Clean contrary to fear. For fear draweth the heat and blood inwardly, 
What the passion of anger is  with feeble pulse, but anger doth cast it to the utter parts with swift Pulse as Galen affirmeth, lib. ij. de tuenda sanitate. Counsaylinge every one, that will preserve natural health, that they use such exercise, as may keep warmness temperately, neither to much cold nor heat abounding. And although exercise commonly bringeth warmness, 
G●l. de. Sani. ●uen.  yet to the Idle bodies, when they have no natural heat, their bodies are made warm, by any other thing, as Oil, bathing in warm water, or going into the Stove. etc. But such heats are artificial, 
Of heat artificial, and natural.  to move the heat natural▪ but they are all without, and not moved of the principal inward heat. But anger or perturbation, is moved of natural heat, it needeth no mean to help it: as we feel by ourselves in cold weather, let our Enemy suddenly appear before us, 
Of choleric heat.  or if we hear ourselves shamefully rebuked, we need no fire, to kindle the flame of our choler, forthwith we are in the house top, the holiest of us all. For heat above nature, will quickly enclose the heart, and with swiftness go further, seeking vengeance. Unto this evil be Cholerik men most bend, which must use often to correct Choler: or else to observe an order which a worthy Philosopher, 
A lesson against anger.  taught a hasty Prince, that he should before he did any thing, moved by quick and sudden affection, first, say over the Alphabet, or the number of letters: this Heathen rule, against anger or rashness, will not hurt the Chrystians. It declareth great pride and anger, to be suddenly moved. As example. At every light wind, weak trees will move, and tremble with their branches, from ground to the top of the same: which with great storm and wind, will scant move the great strong tree. Providence and patience, make men strong, and 'cause them to get the victory of themselves: and to be able to withstand anger, which is a common passion of cruel Beasts, tyrants, & Fools. 
Examples of wrath in Nero.  It should seem by Domitius Nero, that he was an angry wretch, to murder his Mother, to poison his schoolmaster, and finally to stick himself. In his manners at the board, he was soon inflamed with anger: that upon a time hearing but the french nation named, 
A wrathful wretch in battle.  forthwith he broke two most costly drinking vessels, of an incomparable value, they were so rich and beautiful: he cast down all the meat from the board, falling out with all the Discombentes without, any other cause (a very temperate man I assure you). When Ecelinus the Tyrant, in battle had received a wound forthwith he cast his weapon away, and roared like a mad beast, and in his cruel anger, rend his skin from his own flesh, which, when his enemies espied, they so laughed, that in a great rage and anger, he slew himself, (a very meek person). O what victory had he upon his enemies, thus to handle himself.  
Alexander the great sitting in a drunken Banquet, 
A wrathful part of Alexander in killing of Clitus.  unseemly for a Prince being admonished reverently of a noble wise man called Clitus his own nourishes son, to live like a Prince in virtue, rejoicing therein, more than in victory. etc. the ingrateful Prince at his banquet, with his own hands, struck him through the body, letting forth the spirits of life from Clitus, that would not flatter a foolish prince. For an open rebel is not so hurtful, as a secret flatterer to a Prince, for they are like Cankers, most hurtful to them. What anger had Cain against Abel, and Herod, in killing the hurtless children, that never offended him?  
The Popes, 
The Popes▪ Law.  which are so charitable (as you know to the living christians) that they will sand them in burnt sacrifice to heaven: among them some have torn one another with violence, out of their graves, rending out of their pontifical apparel, cutting of their fingers, & burying them among the common harlots, yea drawing them forth again, and heading them a fit Sepulture for such saints. Read Platina in the lives of Steven the sixth, Sergius and Formosus.  
Bubulam an excellent Painter, 
Hypponax the Poet made such sharp verses against a Painter, that he caused him to hung himself in his rage. Saul killed himself.  did so lively set forth the monstrous Image of a deformed Poet called Hypponax, that the beholders had great pastime, and laughed thereat. But in the mean time, the Poet wrote such nipping, sharp, taunting Verses, against this Painter: that in a sudden rage, he ran in to his house, and hanged himself. And to conclude, Saul was in such a rage, that he destroyed the Sacred high Priest and the Levites, with the people in the city of Nob, for receiving of David, the elected of God. And this shall suffice to warn you from the passion of anger by these examples.  
Then there is an other perturbation of mind, called sorrow or care, which is the greatest passion of spirits: because it is some folks torment. Again in an other, it maketh short work. For care doth wound and smite the heart with a deep stroke, and draweth it together as a purse, 
The cause of sorrow and care which be marvelous plagues.  suffering nothing to be carried thither, to comfort the same again. And so the generation of the spirits are letted, and the vital parts by little and little do whither & waste away, and in this point sorrow doth differ from fear: sorrow receiveth his mischief at length, and fear at once. But in colour pale, in pulse feeble, in countenance heavy, in stomach weak, they are like: but yet care is for things past. As example, some for love have slain themselves, as Cleopatra, 
The differenc between solow and care  a Queen of Egypt, after she had spent her pleasant years in love, mingled with lust, when her husband M. Anthony was dead, she fell into such sorrow and care, that in th'end, she caused herself to be enclosed in a tomb, suffering two Serpents to suck at her breasts, until she had finished her miserable life with lamentation: 
Cleopatra's death.  for all her riches & pomps cold not heal her sorrowful sickness, but death was only her refuge, so great was her care But josephus handleth her death otherways.  
Into what lamentable case fell Queen Dido of Carthage, which, was the daughter of Belus the king of Tire, 
Dido's death.  which carefully finished her life in fire, for the loss & love of Aeneas, as the Poet feigneth? Leander, a worthy young man, was wonderfully ravished for the love of a fair maiden called Erus, which dwelled in an Island in the sea Hellesponte. 
The story of Leander, Which died for love of Erus  And this Leander in a Town called Abydos, the sea passing between them both: which Water and salt stream could not quench his love that he bore unto Erus, his affection was so great, that every night he would swim over this flood, unto his dear Erus unto a place called Sestos, whereas she dwelt, supposing his pain to be heavenly pleasure. He used this so long, that in the end Neptune frowned, and commanded Aeolus to raise up a storm and tempest against Leander, in which he carefully finished his life. In the morning Erus looked over the walls, 
The death of Leander and Erus for love.  beholding the dead body tossed among the rocks: therewith she was suddenly wounded, with sorrow and care, and with a pitiful cry, cast herself from an high tour into the sea whereas she finished her life, for the love of Leander.  
The wife unto Duke Proteselaus, did continually weep for the death of her husband, 
A noble woman wept to death, for the death of her husband.  until she died. Such love of late in this realm, hath been enclosed in the heart of a certain worthy lady, that for the absence of her living husband, hath ended her life with care, so that after the number of many Salt tears, the Salt water was her last drink, and death her refuge. This affection called love, bringeth more sorrow with it, than either prisonment, 
Love is a conqueror.  poverty, or sickness: as we may read and see by experience, into what servitude & bondage it bringeth people. And doth degenerate many, in a manner out of kind, making them more effemin at than woman: changing Mars into Venus It altereth complexions, manners & conditions, and maketh of free men slaves, of wise men fools, of rychmen beggars, it bringeth man● sicknesses, yea, incurable, through long sorrow and care. Sometime it doth deprive the wits and senses reasonable, and maketh Men more madder than Dogs, crueler than Wolves, more shameless than Apes, renting their clotheses, waking in their beds, fasting at their boards, as wise as Geese, yea, and finally, what a great number do kill themselves, by strangling, sticking, and drowning: when they cannot obtain their purpose, and incurable suit? Thus they be rewarded that fall into such dolour and care in this foolish affection of mind called love. 
The fruits of love.  And if they might obtain their purpose in their foolish fishing in the flood of fantasy: what should they then get? perhaps nothing but a Serpent, which would always sting them, or else a weate Eel by the tail, which would quickly deceive them.  
There is an other affection of the mind, very perilous, dangerous, and incurable, which is cousin G●rmain unto frenzy, which is called jealousy: or a greedy foolish affection of the mind, never quieted, 
jealousy is cousin germane to Frenzy, mark the fruits thereof.  but ever tourmentyng itself, burning in a continual fire. This inward spiritual vengeance, doth make domestical debate between man and Wife: and turneth their house of liberty, into a miserable prison. Double bondage to each other, with quarreling in presence, mistrusting in absence, fearing them of their own house, doubting the stranger, yea, and men often times mistrusting their own Children, not to be of their own Generation, when they have no argument to the contrary, but devilish jealousy. jealousy often times breaketh chastity, amongst them that do profess Godly Matrimony: and causeth the one part to desire liberty, 
The hell of jealousy.  to be out of the fire of that loving jealous Purgatory. For some there be that do say, there is no more torment in hell, among the infernal Furies, than there is here in this world amongst jealous women, which never had good opinion of their husbands: and some men also of their wives, although they were locked up in a closet, they having the key, and sealing the door, yet they think they are beguiled. Yea, some be so friendly, that they be jealous of other men's wives: 
what spirit jealousy is.  and some women following that example, do the like to other women's: husbands. Here is marvelous kindness, thus to crucify themselves to the fire of folly: but the effect thereof, worketh mischief to themselves, and others. As it is written of one Phanus, which loved his wife with such jealousy, that he would never suffer her to go out of the doors: 
How a jealous fool beguiled himself  he also provided, that none came in at his gates, or doors, but a great noise was made through cracking and tingling of Bells which hanged at them, at which sound with all speed, he would run to see who came in. He so long used this order of watching at the Gate, that in the mean time his devout wife gave him a Barnard's blow, letting in her companion, when it was dark, by a broken place in the roof of the house. Which, when it was perceived by the next Neighbours: Lord how they commended Phanus, 
jealousy causeth adultery  for so diligent and witty keeping of his Gates. Here you do see, that jealousy bringeth adultery, yea, and sometime it causeth murder: as Helena after the death of Menelaus, fled for succour unto Poliso, wife to Clipolemus the king of Rhoedes, son unto Hercules, which burned with such jealousy towards her husband, that she commanded her to be hanged upon a tree.  
Procris, daily burning with jealousy of her husband Shafalus, which was taken in love with an other woman, did daily pursue him, from place to place, through fields and Woods, etc. And upon a time, when Shafalus went forth, with his Dart in his Hand, into the Forest, to seek his prey: his jealous Wife pursued him, and closely shrouded herself in covert, among the Brakes, to behold what her Husband did. But as she moved herself, the covert did shake, wherein she was hidden: her husband perceiving that, supposing that she had been a Wild Beast, forthwith cast his Dart, 
Procris did seek her own death through jealousy.  and unwares s●ue his jealous wife. Well rid of an evil sore: O how craftily she did beguile him.  
O what jealousy was between Antiopa, and Licus her husband, the King of Egypt, 
The jealousy of Antiopa.  and what a cruel Murder came thereof, I need not to fetch no more Examples from old, of the forgotten World, and time past. For this Evil is to common, as we do see by daily experience, and a marvelous plague, both private and public: the effects thereof are nothing but miserable vexation, Dolour, Care, Agony, and despair. And this is to conclude, there is no remedy, but patience perforce: for the old Proverb is, that Heresy, frenzy, and jealousy, be so bred by the Bone, that they will never out of the flesh, therefore use no Physic for it.  
There is also an other evil, joined to conditions of wicked Men, which is none of the passions of the Mind, nor yet an infirmity of Nature: but rather to be numbered among the sins Mortal, which is an evil most intolerable, and most odious of all unto a good Nature, which is called Ingratitude, churlishness, or unkindness. I count it not only ingratitude, 
Ingratitude 〈…〉 es 〈◊〉 churlishness.  to be unthankful to them, of whom we have received benefits, but also to do harm to them, by whom we be preferred. As example There was no greater dignity, next unto Chryst, than to b●e one of his apostles, as judas was Also none could be more trusted than he, which kept the Purse as he did. Christ gave him power to do Miracles, equally with the twelve. He suffered him to sy● at his board, and feed with him in his own Dish: ●here could be no greater kindness than this, a Mortal man, to sit with God's only Son. 
Luke xxii. Math. ●xvi. The 〈◊〉 of judas that most ●●grateful villain, his example to a●l ●hu●l●s  But this Uillayne, ungraciously and ingratefully respecting none of these benefits, but like a traitorous ●horle, sought his masters Blood, betraying him to the shameful death of the cross. This Ingratitude of judas, is a goodly precedent, unto all Traitors against Princes, by whom they have received Benefits: and many servants, which have been brought up from rascal and Beggars states, and through their masters, have been preferred into the calling of estimation, Wealth, and Worship, which afterward have sucked the blood of them which gave them first their suck, and nourishment in their adversity. O what a monster, and a deformed infernal Serpent is this ingratitude, it is the mother of treason bred in ●ell, enemy to liberality and gentleness, and is of the right line of Wrath and envy, sprung of a devilish pedigree, worse than wild beasts. Which, when they are made ●ame, and receive any Benefit of their keepers▪ 
Gratitude of 〈◊〉 ●●●stes.  they will not rend and tear them: but phaune upon them, wagging their tails, and run about and leap for joy. As by example, we may see of Horses, 
●oth god and Nature do abhor ingratefulnes.  Dogs, Bears and Apes, which will rejoice in the sight of their Masters▪ and many times, put their Life in venture for them. Although I might bring forth many notable Examples to prove this, it need not, it is so manifest. The Scriptures of GOD ●ry out against it, the Law of Nature doth utterly reject it. There is no man worthy to be called a Gentleman, although he can advance him self of a pedigree infinite, and boast never so much of his birth, and is a Gentleman borne in deed. If he be infected with ingratitude, 
To know a very Gentleman.  he is degenerated from his right kind: and is become a counterfeit gentleman, & a natural churl, of the right line of Nabel the ca●le, which abused the gentleness of David, whose wrath was quenched through the beauty, lamentation, and liberality of Abigael his wife. 
The shameful ingratitude of Theseus the son of Ageus. king of Athens   
Who can forget or remember without tears, the Traitorous ingratitude of Theseus, the Son of Ageus, the king of Athenes, which was a lusty, beautiful and valiant knight: wanting no gift nor grace, that nature might do unto him He excelled all men in his days, in manly acts, saving Hercules: he sleu a terrible cruel Bull in Attica in his young years. And when he was xxiiii, years old, by lot, and destiny of the people of Athenes, he was appointed and condemned, to be cast unto a horrible Monster, in the Labyrinth of Crete: 
The Monster of the Labyrinth.  which monster had devoured many thousands before, his food was only the flesh of Mankind, he cried and roared out for his prey. This guiltless knight was enclosed in a dungeon hard by, voy●e of all comfort, bewailing his fatal destiny: thus to be cut of in his youthful days, being a kings son. 
The great grief and lamentation of Thes●us when he was in prison,  Now void of all friendship, helpless, having no succour, crying out against the Gods: Cursing the day of his birth, that he received his life within the body of his mother being a noble Queen, should eftsoons now be buried within the infernal bowels of this horrible monster: void of all mercy deadly to behold with venomous Teeth, and flaming eyen, pouring forth poison at his Mouth, with most noisome air and stink, and his infernal kennel. Thus death approached near unto Theseus: which grieved him nothing so much: as to remember the pleasant life which he sometime had, acompanying the amorous ladies, which were full of all courtly courtesy, and the worthy knights, among whom he always achieved ever the victory: yea his Music was turned into mourning, and his liberty that sometime he had in the sweet Woods & Fields. Was now changed into a little dark Dungeon, for there is no greater adversity, then in misery to remember prosperity. 
The noble pitiful Lady Ariadne▪ did comfort the miserable Theseus. & set him at liberty.  But Lady fortune smiled upon Theseus, and opened the Ear of king Minos' Daughter, called the Lady Ariadne, and her sister Phedra: which so pitied Theseus', that with all speed privily sent for the Porter of the Dungeon, not far distant from the Labyrinth, whom with fair words, they entreated to open the Prison Dore and so entered in, beholding this lamentable knight: who most humbly kneeled down to Ariadne, commending himself to be her Grace's bond and thrall, during his life. To this end, that if it would please her Honour, to invent some speedy way to deliver him from this deadly Monster. Ariadne then cast her pitiful Eyes upon this lamentable Theseus being secretly wounded with the worthiness of his Person. Pittyinge his miserable estate, saying: it was more fitter that she should serve him as a Wife than he hers as a thrall being a kings son. And they concluded of the enterprise how to kill the Monster: and afterward, she, her sister, and the Porter, all to be embarked in a barge for Theseus' sake, and to fly her father's land for fear of death. With all speed she prepared balls of wax and hair, that Theseus might cast into the Monster's mouth, 
Ariadne fled a way for Theseus' sake, forsaking her father's land.  to keep him occupied, until with sharp weapon he might kill his grie●ly course, or bring his monstrous carcase to the ground, which came to pass with all speed accordingly, within the secret cave, or Labyrinth: from whence Theseus came, by the guiding of a Clue of thread delivered him by the hand of the Lady Ariadne, and so came secretly forth from the cave, and these iiii. with all speed passed away▪ in the night time to a country called Enupie, whereas they were rychlye embarked, having wind and weather toward their journey, 
The crafty t●easan of false▪ Theseus  until at length they came unto an Island in the midst of the raging seas, whereas no man did inhabit, but wild beasts only There he arrived with his wife and sister, the Por●er and Mariners, which after their long travel upon the Sea, were suddenly beguiled with sweet sleeps upon the land. After the which awaked Theseus and secretly commanded his Mariners to way their Ankers, and spread their sails without the sound of whistel or other noise▪ for fear of waking Ariadne, whom he left sleeping sound, among the sweet flowers whom a little before he had embraced with folding arms. And secretly taking Phedra by the hand traitorously he took his leave with silence aboard they went, and away they sailed. At the length Ariadne awaked, putting her hand aside, feeling her couch all could where Theseus lay: up she start with a trembling heart, lamentable look, and deadly cry running to the rocks of the sea. When the ship was almost out of sight, she did hold up her hands to the heavens, and cried out, bewailing her miserable estate, thus to be left alone without any cause, forsaking her own father's land, for the love of Theseus, which had forsaken her for her sister. Then called she to remembrance, how he was by her delivered from a monstrous beast and he had left her in a Solitary Island, imprisoned with in the Sea, to live among the Wild Beasts, most ingratefully forsaking her.  
Then Ariadne rend from her, her womanly apparel, making a weffe thereof upon the end of a pole, standing upon the top of a Rock, crying out Return, return, Theseus again, my dear Theseus, take pity upon me▪ who love thee most. 
The death of Ariadne.  And when she was past all hope, she kneeled down and did kiss his footsteps, cursing her sleep, lying her down in the bed where Theseus lay bewailing her fatal destiny. That he should prefer the beauty of her sister, before her virtues, and finally forgetting her benefits. This lamentable story she did write in barks of trees: but some do affirm, her tongue was cut forth, & how she wrought her misery in a cloth, and thus finished her woeful life.  
Ovid doth tell this lamentable story at large, describing vice & ingratitude which among all other evils, is most intolerable, and the greatest grief to them, 
Ingratitude hath killed many a man.  that be of good natures. And nothing sooner doth wound the heart, as when the child shall show ingratitude to the father, the wife to the husband, the friend turn to an enemy. These be such griefs, that it passeth my poor pen to describe what pains they bring to the heart of a gentle minded man. Thus do I end of Ingratitude or churlishness, which hath ended many.  
There is a passion of the mind▪ called a sudden joy, 
Of sudden joy  which is of such force, that the heart casteth from her the vital blood, that oftentimes it cometh to pass, that for lack of strength and lively power in the heart, the body is killed before the heart do call back again the warm spirits, or blood of life, as we may read by example.  
There was a noble matron of Rome, which when a false messenger told her that her son was slain in battle: 
Example of sudden joy.  she passed the time of mourning according unto nature. But upon a day, her son yet being alive, came unto her, whose presence moved her spirits to such sudden joy, that in his arms she fell down dead, and never revived again, Valerius Maximus Capite de morte non vulg. saith of a noble consul of the Romans called M. Iwentius Thal. as he was in a Temple doing worship, and offering to his gods, in the isle called Corsica: letters were sent him from the whole Senate, which he broke up, and read them. 
Iwentius the Consul died suddenly for joy.  And was smitten with such sudden joy, passing all measure: that or he had finished the reading, he fell down dead, in the presence of all the people, before the Sacrifice in the Temple.  
Who can forget the noble old learned Diagoras Rhodius, when in his presence, his three valiant Sons, 
Diagoras Rhodius did expire the breath of life for sudden joy  prevailed in the victory of worthy knighthood, above all other men, and were crowned with the Garlands of honour, with the praise of all the multitude, at the hill Olympus? These noble young men came, and cast their crowns with flowers upon their Father's head: who for sudden joy, gave up the Soul, and died in their arms. This was a sweet pleasant death. of noble Diagoras. Read this story, Cicero lib. i Questi. Tuscul. which saith, 
A pleasant death.  Diagoras had but two sons. But A Gellius saith he had three sons.  
Some do dye with extreme laughing, as did the Poet Philemon, sayeth (Valerius Maximus) when he sat at Dinner, 
Philemon the Poet died laughing at a● Ass.  when an Ass came stalking to the Table, and with his sweet face, stretched forth his Neck, wagging his ears. The Poet beholding his ancient Countenance, and his sad comely grace: began to smile at this loutish beast, or foolish Ass. But when the Ass, licked a Fig from the Table, he did eat it so mannerly, writhing, and moving with his Lips: that the Poet thereat so conceited, was smitten into an incessable laughing, until death did end his pastime. Again there be, which have been smitten with such inward joy, that they have suddenly died thereof, when they have done a mischief, in bloodshedding, vengeance, or cruel murder, 
Some do rejoice so much in vengeance, that they have died for gladness.  as many Tyrants have, Example of the tyrants Sophocles, and Dionysius, as affirmeth Plinius secundus lib seven. cap. liij. In which chapter, you may read of many sudden deaths, most fearful to be heard. Thus many for gladness of the destruction of their enemies, have quickly died: a just reward, torid the world of tyrants, which have died in so hellish, and envious infernal zeal, rejoicing in taking vengeance.  
Also there is an other passion very fearful to mankind. As when lusty wealth people, 
Some do kill themselves when they have spoiled their goods. & fallen into det: or else become murderers and traitors.  have spent, spoiled, and Prodigally consumed their goods: then look they behind them, and call to remembrance their pleasant days, their honour, riches & great possessions. And when their old friends forsake them, when wealth doth fly them, and misery take hold of them, than eftsoons for lack of magnanimity, despair doth embrace them As by example, it did to M. Otho, a noble young man which prodigally consumed among the lusty gentlemen and Ladies of the Romans, an infinite substance, and when he had run beyond his race, he thought there was no way to be his relief, but to kill his master the emperor Galba, and through his riches to pay his debts. But when he miss his purpose of riches, although he was Emperor, he became like unto a noble Ship, whose Mariners had cast out all the ballis, overwhelmed the bark of their safeguard among the fearful streams & rough rocks: 
The death of Otho for care.  In such case was Otho, who to redeem honour and liberty, sought to kill his master Galba the Emperor, which he so did, and was Emperor for few Days. But to conclude in fine for lack of wealh, to furnish his pomp and grace, to guide himself in mean, with sharp dagger he pierced his careful heart & let forth the spirits of life. Look further in Sueton of his life. This Man lacked the worthy magnanimity, 
The wisdom of Deonisethe tyrant in adversity.  of some worthy kings, when they were expulsed and banished from their Lands, and honours, as Dionysius the tyrant, who being a king and for his great cruelty and shedding of the guiltless blood, was deposed from his crown and honour, and banished like a vagabond from his lands and people. What, did he cry out, weep, or despair like a beast, & hung himself? Not forsooth not at al. What then? Marry with a lusty manly courage he defied the spirit of Fortune, and forth he went to Athens, 
The king of Boem, what he did in the time of poverty.  whereas he became a poor schoolmaster, teaching young children goodly letters both in the Greek and Latin, and lived quietly. Read Tully of him. Suado●opus the king of Bohem, when his land and cities were subdued through Arnophus the Emperor: he killed not himself, but did change his princely apparel and put on the habit of an Hermit, and accompanied with two solitary men, went into a wilderness, whereas he continued still until his death: quietly serving God, imbracinge the Cross of poverty, as a pleasure to be rid from a wicked world.  
Ualerius of whom Eutropius writeth, being a noble Emperor, making War against Mesopotamia: 
Ualerius the emperors misery to Sopores the Persian king.  he was ovecome by Sopores the king of Persia, and every time the said Sopores did take his Horse, Ualerius did lie down prostrate, and was his foot stole, all his life: yet would he not kill himself for care, as many miserable Men have done, when they have spent their time most prodigally consuming their lands treasure, & riches, with dishonour in abomination, wasting their wealth vaingloriouslye, foolishly, and most beastly amongst a great Number of Parasites, Bawds, Curtisaines, knaves, and common Whores. In fine▪ when they have gotten the hatred of good People, which most do abhor wickedness, than they run unto their own conscience, which most doth fear them. Then for lack of grace and magnanimity, 
The end of men in desperation.  they fly into the dungeon of desperation, led thither, through fear and shame, not foreseeing their present pain, and endless Torments in the Life to come. Forthwith in a maze they drown, hang, stick, poison, and burn themselves, and break their own Necks, as did Nero the Emperor, who slew himself, with his own Knife, when he was xxxii year old. Read Pontanus de stellis, lib. xxxv. and Eutropius of his death.  
Did not Sardanapalus, the last Emperor of the Assyrians, 
The end of Sardanapalus.  which was more effeminate than a Woman, and more Lecherous than a Beast, with all his Pomp, willingly burn himself in Fire? Of his Death read Sabellicus. Deoclesian, the persecutor of Christ'S Church, did poison himself. judas the traitor hanged himself. Brutus, 

Deoclesian slew himself. The death of judas.  
The death of Brutus.   which was one of them that gave Cesar the xxiiii deadly Wounds, whereof he died in the Senate, when as he was slain by Treason: in the end killed himself in despair, with his own Sword, and his wife Porcia hearing thereof, strangled herself with eating of coals. Read thereof in Plutarcus. Some do kill themselves for shame, as Lucretia did, which was violated by Tarquin the proud, the last king of the Romans. Other some, 
Lucretius.  rather than they would make their Bodies unchaste, and beguile their husbands: have slain themselves, as did Saphronia a Noble Woman of Rome, to be rid from the temptation of Decius a Prince of the Romans. But few women now a days, 
Saphronia  will take the matter so unkindly, or put themselves in such Danger, I warrant you. Of this Woman read in Eusebius. Other many have had such Torment of conscience, or else such weakness of the spirits, 
Sergeant hails of Kente  that have drowned themselves: as did Sergeant hails of Kent, which was a well learned Gentleman in the Laws of this Realm, & finally, was overthrown in the Battle of antichrist. Many Examples of Desperation, I could bring in, of the most fearful Deaths of Men and Women, aswell in this our age▪ as from old. But these shall suffice for our Examples, what evils do come through these Passions of the Mind, and perturbations of the spirits, which bring men to despair, and then to Death, and finally to damnation.  
For they which kill themselves, do loose their hope in GOD, because that they sin against their own Souls, and dye in Murder: 
To die in desperation, is to renounce salvation.  for it is written. Thou shalt not kill. And God doth abhor the Blood thirsty, and no man aught for to dye, but by the judgement of the Law of Nature: that is, when he can no longer live: being prevented by sickness, Age, or else valiantly to dye in the defence of his Country, the gates of Heaven be not shut against, such no nor against them which be hanged, and suffer condemnation for their Offences, by the Laws of Men, if they do dye in the Christian Faith, and not like to desperate Ruffians. But who so killeth himself, there is no hope left, but the Gates of Hell shall receive him: because he lacketh faith in the time of trouble, and patience in adversity. As Saul did which slew himself. But Ezekias, when he heard tell he should dye, & the day of death appointed him: 
Example of Saul, which died in desperation.  he despaired not, but humbly made his prayers unto God, which prolonged his days. And seeing that God hath put the soul within the Body, of reason it is he, that must let it forth again. For what servant is he that dare take his masters treasures from his Chest: without he have his key or other his lawful warrant? what soldier dare be so bold to go out of ray, before the captain command him? And who dare kill himself before it please almighty God to take him? 
Example against desperation.  None but they which will refuse to dye honestly, who in their lives, have neither been faithful, nor fruitful, patient, nor pitiful. Or have been subject to any singular heavenly virtue, job, 

The patience o● job. Cham i ii.iii  
And his wives wickedness.   in all his troubles, when his goods and Chattel were destroyed, and his own natural children slain, his body sore deformed, yea and for agony did curse the day of his nativity: yet finally, his greatest plague was, the ingratitude and malice of his own wife, who most wickedly gave him counsel to curse God, despair, and dye: For all this he killed not himself, but patiently reserved his plagues saying. The Lord hath given me, and he hath taken away, his will be done. And in the end, you may read what consolation he received at the hands of almighty God: & unto this mark let all Christian men fly. Like as in Adam we be all dead, so in Christ we do all live. 
i Cor. xv.  Furthermore we have no plagues that fall upon us. what trouble soever it be, either of the body or the soul: but Adame was the cause, whose children we be, 
Adam began our plagues.  whose plagues we suffer: as misery of mind, bondage, sickness, poverty. etc. Even so on the other side, there is no conselation, or quietness of mind, patience, joy, or long suffering, or any other gifts of nature, or Grace: And finally life everlasting, but all do spring through Christ, who is the beginning, the end, and the reward of all good things. And for as much as we be all embraced with miseries, 
Christ giveth all comfort.  and infinite afflictions, and daily cares moving us to be weary of this world, and that we have no dwelling place of continuance here on earth: Let us humbly obey the commandments of God, which are for our own profits, that is to say, to hope, trust, and look for help at his hand, as the Woman of Canane did, which came to Christ in the time of her trouble, hoping in him, neither killing herself neither her daughter. 
Who must help us in the time of trouble.  The fruits of her faith and hope, was quietness of conscience, and health of Body. And why so? Because she came to Christ in the time of her trouble, for not only by her, but by all the holy Scriptures, we be taught to go to christ in the time of trouble. For there is a promise made, call upon me in the day of trouble, and I will hear thee, help, and deliver thee. Also there is another promise of God, saying: if we die with Christ, we shall live with him. If we be patient, we shall also rain with him for ever. Now this we see to die with Chryst, is not to despair, or to be more impatient than wild beasts, which in most of their rages will not kill themselves. 
The best regiment of life.  But to conclude, for all infirmities of the Body, let us seek the comfort of God's means, which is the Physician: and for the griefs of Mind, embrace the heavenly Physic, contained in God's word, which is the principal Regiment. And further for a mean between them both, that each of us do walk in such calling in this life: that we may be necessary members, one unto an other, in the common wealth, to profit each other, and hurt no body. To travail for the fruits of the earth, or any other riches, gotten by honest policy, and after to spend them accordingly. By providing for ourselves against the time of adversity. To obey rulers, & pity the poor, to do as we would be done unto. To despise a wicked life, and fear no kind of trouble, that it shall please god to lay upon us. This is the sum of Christian religion, of a honest life, and of a happy end.  Sickness. 
THese perturbations of the mind, are wondrous fearful, God deliverer us all from such infernal plagues, from henceforth. Now I thank you, that you have showed me them, even as I have felt them further by good examples. you have well persuaded me, and finally with good consolation, you have healed my wounds of careful misery. But when all our physical remedies will not help, good master Health, I pray you seeing that death is the end of our mortal race, and finisher of life, teach me the signs and tokens, of that most monstrous fearful Death, and how I might know them. Whereby I might not vainly trust in this life: which is but lent for a tyme.  Health. 
AFter the day, followeth the night, and after life, approacheth most fearful death: the end of all things, and these have their tokens and signs before them. As when the day passeth away, it is manifest to every creature: 
The cause of the night.  the Son withdraweth his excellent Light drawing home his beams from us. Hiding himself, or through his swift course in his circle. The dark unmovable earth doth take from our eyes the benefits of his brightness: & eftsoons it is called no more day, but night and the time of silence or darkness. Even so, when the spirits of life, have worn their vessels, or instruments: or when the gross humour of Melancholy, or earthly complexion. with extreme cold, have convinced, quenched, and with force overcome the warm moistness, and Uitall lively Well spring of the blood, the fountain of Life. Then the body & soul wax weary of each other, or when they fall to division, or begin to be at debate within themselves, than they never seize, until they do come to utter dissolution. For things with themselves, being at debate, shall quickly be desolued, whether it be a public wealth, or a private Body. And all for the want of Unitye. As example. When there is good agreement, 
Whath mischief doth chance to the whole body for want of unity.  that is perfect temperament, in the four Complexions: then the Body, standeth in good case. But when one Humour doth greatly abound his three Fellows, getting the victory, then for lack of Unitye, or agreement among themselves: the whole Body is in danger to give place to one & yield to death As example If choler get the pre-eminence, than he will put his three fellows to the walls: he bringeth in against himself, and then also jaundice, Tercians, read lepry, frenzy, headache, pleurisy. etc. When phlegm getteth the rule, than dropsy with a swollen belly, Face and Legs. etc. doth give the onset against nature. Even so in the cold melancholy, Consumption, quarten etc. when it beareth the rule. All these have their proper tokens and signs going before them and their effects are death, when they do extreamlye rule, unless they through the wisdom of the learned be helped. But if they do meanly abound, it is not much amiss: as if choler do somewhat exceed in dryness and heat, than the coldness and moister of Phlegm, will pacify her, and bring her again to her good estate. 
When the complexions do want unity, than the body cannot long continued alive.  If Melancholy through coldness, and dryness do harm, the blood with his warmness and moistness: will reduce, and call her back from killing the body, and thus one neighbour will naturally help another And when they will not accord, or 'gree in unity, than purgations. etc. are prepared to help the weaker, & expulse the usurper within the common wealth of the body which is the mansion of the Soul. or spirits of life after the Philosopher. And as for the most principal humour, or blood in Sanguine persons, when it beginneth to corrupt, or the body at point of danger, these signs will come together. 

Signs of sickness of Blood.  
Slowness.  
Idleness.  
Dullness.  
Yauning or gaping.  
Stretching forth the arms and legs.  
No delight or pleasure.  
Sweet Spattel mingled with bitterness.  
Much heavy sleep, with dreams of read colour, or bearing burdens great and heavy.  
Perturbation of the senses.  
Read gross urine stinking.  
Little appetite or none to meat.  
Read face with much sweat,  
Of these signs come stinking fevers. Pestilence, Squinaunce, bloody flux, etc.   

Signs of the sickness of choler.  
Yellow colour in the skin.  
Bitterness in the mouth.  
Pricking in the mouth of the stomach▪  
Heat above nature.  
Loathsomeness to meat.  
Lamentation or great grief of mind.  
Dryness coveting drink of sundry kinds.  
Uomittes of yellow and green.   

Signs of the sickness of choler  
Small or no sleep, but fearful fiery dreams of strife. etc.  
Yellow urine, little residence, & much yellow foam.  
Of these signs come jaundice, Tercians, Pleurisies, madness. Colics etc.   

The signs of sicknesses of melancholy.  
Pale colour in the face.  
Sowernes in the mouth.  
Belching of wind.  
Little sleep, yet horrible and infernal dreams.  
Much thought, pensievenes, and care.  
A desperate mind.  
Moore leaner, than before in the body.  
Straightness in the stomach.  
Eluishnes, of countenance, and taunting in words.  
Coldness, starting, and fearful.  
white, thin urine.  
Of these come Quartens, Morphew, lepry, Canker, madness, hardness of the Spleen. etc.   

The signs of the sickness of Phlegm.  
Sluggishness, and dullness of memory.  
Forgetfulness.  
Much spitting.  
Much sleep.  
Pains in the head, specially in the hinder part.  
Swelling in the face and cheeks.  
Evil digestion.  
white dropsy like in colour.  
Patience with doltishness, lacking lively quickness.  
Dreaming or going naked, drowning or of Snow  
Of these come Quotidians, Dropsyes, Palseye, falling sickness. etc.    
And to help all these, there are singular good medicines: both in the Simples, and chief in the compounds. But yet brother Sickness note Hippocra●es. the well and chief tree, from whence the good order of Physic first did spring, which is a general text. Upon whose words. C. Galen. etc. doth comment and write at large, his great works. He wrote one small work also called the Aphorisms, wherein is great knowledge. But to our purpose For this place of signs deadly mark what he saith in some of those Apho & Praeno.  
Whosoever being an healthful body, is suddenly pained, and quickly after hath lost his voice, and starteth withal: he shall dye within seven days, 
Quicu●que savi dolore capitis repent. etc. Apho Hyppo.  next following after. It is not only through the inflammation of the Spirits but also by the universal matter, drawn into the brain, from the stomach. etc.  
If one be amazed, & fall into idle talk of the prick into the head, it is deadly.  
A convulsion, shrinking, or cramp in the sinews, after a purgation, 
Ex capitis ●ctu etc. Aphori. vj. Conuulsio a. veratro lethal●a est Aphor.  is very perilous or deadly.  
A convulsion after the taking of Elleborus, deadly.  
A convulsion after a wound, is deadly.  

Considerate vero con●enit etiam oculorum praeno. Hipp. Capi. 4.  Who so is dreadful or heavy in a Frenzy, the sign is deadly.  
It behoveth the Physician, to consider the eyes of his Patient, when he sleepeth: if there appear any white thing between the eye lids. If he have had no lax, nor received any potion to purge before: it is a sign very terrible, and present death.  
To be deaf in a long Fever, if the body be weak: it is a token of death.  
It is an evil sign, when one hath a cramp, in bleeding at his Nose. or else soundeth withal.  
A stopping in the throat, or suffocation falling to one which hath a fever. and a swelling in the throat, is a perilous deadly token.  
Who so in an ague, can neither turn his Neck, nor swallow his own spittle, death is at hand.  
If a drunkard do suddenly loose his speech, he shall suddenly dye of a Cramp, 
Si obrius. quispiam repen●e obmutuerit. Aphor pars. ii.vii.  or convulsion: unless he fall into an Ague, or else receive power to speak again, when he hath digested the surfeit.  
They which be swelled in the back, before they come to the age of xii years: if it chance of the shortness of breath, or else a very strong cough, shall soon dye.  
A voluntary lax, coming after apleurisie, or the sickness of the lungs, is a deadly token.  

Mulieri gravidae si mammae. etc. Apho. pars. 3. ● Inquibus mor. men●e. etc. pho. pars. 31.  Who so in the empty place in the stomach, hath foul rotten matter, or else the dropsy: if they be either so cut, or burned, whereby all the Water runneth forth, surely it is present death.  
Who so hath his spittle stinking, when it is burnt upon the coals, and also if his hair do easily fall from his head, it is a sign of death.  
A lax or great cough, with spitting filthy matter, is deadly,  
Who so often times are weakened, and loose their strength without some manifest cause shall have sudden death.  


Quibus hepa● aqua plenu Apho. pars ●. 8  
Quibus in febribus morbus regius & Apho pars. ●. 35.   When a woman's breasts do diminish, being with Child: it signifieth the Child is dead.  
To be discontent in the time of sickness, when things are given in medicine, it is an evil token, for the contrary is good.  
In every sickness, if Melancholy or black choler, be either purged upward, or downward without medicine, it is both perilous, and deadly.  
Who so ever be Splenetike, and have a bloody flux, if it long continued: then they fall to the dropsy, or else their food, shall pass through their guts, not digested: this is a deadly sign.  
Who so ever have their liver repleted, or filled full with Water: and if the same water break downward to the belly, it is present death.  
Who so in h●ate Fevers, is taken with the yellow jaundice, in the seventh ix. xi. or the xiii day, it is good: so that his right side wax not hard: but if these days want, and the side wax hard, it is deadly.  
A wound in the brain, heart, diaphragma, or midriff, small Guts, stomach and liver, is ever death.  
If the yellow jaundice come before the seven. day, it is perilous.  
In laxes, black stools are evil: except purgations 'cause them. To have any Melancholy stool, in the beginning of any sickness: it is a sign deadly.  
So is a bloody flux, beginning with a Melancholy sickness, little pieces of flesh, appearing in a bloody flux is present death.  
If a Woman with Child be suddenly taken with any grievous sickness, it is a present death.  
It is perilous for a Woman with Child, to have a great lax.  
A Woman with Child, if she be let blood, it kyll●th her child: 
Mulieren v●er● gerent●m▪ etc. Apho pars. 3  the nearer the birth, the greater perilll.  
A woman having a Cramp or convulsion in the temperate time of her terms, is perilous.  
He which hath an ague, being taken with a convulsion is in Danger: who so hath a convulsion before his fever, is in no such peril.  
Fevers, which do not give over the third day▪ are perilous. 
Of Fevers   
In a long ague, if the outward members are very cold, and the inward parts hot and dry: death is at hand.  
In a long fever, when the Lips, Nose, or mouth be drawn a wry or disgrased: so that the patient can neither see or hear, and is in weakness, death at hand.  
If any having an ague, sweat in these days, it is good, if not, it is perilous. ii.u.vii.ix▪ xi, xiiii. xvii.xxi▪ xxvii xxxiiii. 
Of Sweat●   
Who so hath the Pestilence, and bleedeth not before twelve Hours, or sleepeth eight hours after bleeding: death is at hand.  
Cold sweat with a sharp Fever, signifieth death. 
The signs of death by the face.   
If the face of a sick man be changed from the healthful estate, with a sharp nose, hollow eyen, writhe Temples, cold Ears, contracted in the extreme parts, like aleafe when it is dry, hard s●in in the forehead, and dr●, pale faced, little or no sleep, biting or trembling of the Lips. etc. Th●se are signs of death▪ saith Hippocra. in libro primo praeno. capit. iij. beginning at Conside●are por●o hoc modo co●uenitin morbis acutis. etc.▪ 
The signs of death by the eyen.   
If the patient can not abide the light of Sun, sire, or Candle, but fly the same, or weep involuntarily, without cause, or make one eye appear less●r than the other or goggle with them, looking murch a squynte, except the eyes were so in health, or else have the whites turned into bloody read, or have dark or black small veins in them with unstableness, and concave hollowness, or open in the sleep with the ne●ther Lip hanging down, and the upper lip drawn up. etc. Surely death is at hand, Hippo. prono.  
Feel also the Patient when he lieth in his Bed, his arms, sides, Neck, 
The signs of death by lying in the ●ed  breast, and Legs, whither the parts be pained or flexible, or have lost their strength and are stiff, if he lie upward: except it were his old custom, and shrink to the beds ●eete with casting abroad the hands and ●eete, sleeping with a wyde●open mouth, and covet to lie naked, death, death, and the grave are at hand Hipp●cra. prono.  
If the patient lie in his sickness, upon his belly, except custom move it, and so do sleep: it signifieth a great sickness in the Breast, or belly. Or else to be mad, and loose his wits, through the malignity of the sp●rites▪ and to sit upon their buttocks in their sickness, 
Signs of death by the teeth.  of a sharp sickness, it signifieth the peril of death, or great inflammation in the lungs. As Hypocrates saith in the Prae. Capi. seven. at in ventrem decumbere. etc.  
To gnash or grind the teeth in Fevers, is either a great vexation of the mind, 
Signs deadly by wounds.  or madness at hand, or else death: For it is an affection of the Sinews Notwithstanding young children, tormented with Worms are not in this peril always, when they do gnash the Teeth.  
In a stroke of a deep wound▪ when convulsion followeth: and no matter, or corruption cometh to the wound so●e after, if the body be pale and swart in colour, 
Signs deadly by the hands.  and dry with weakness of digestion, death approacheth. And this affirmeth Hippocra. de signis ex ulcere. Cap. viii.  
Who so in a sharp Fever, sickness of the Lungs, frenzy, or pains of the head, doth writhe the hand to his Nose or face, as though he would kill Flees or Flies, 
Signs deadly by ●he breath.  or keyt a knot, or brush his clotheses, or else pull up Rushes this is a present sign of death, saith Hippocra. lib. primo. prae Capi. ix. de gestaculo manuum.  
Shortness of breath, and of little force, doth signify great dolour inflammation and madness, 
Signs deadly by sweat.  cometh of great breathing, like a Bull, or a wild beast. Cold breath, with the coldness of the nose and mouth, Death draweth near, with fare well vain World, with flesh, and blood: Read Hypocrates prae. ubi inquit, spiritus densus dolorem significat. etc.  

Signs deadly by swelling.  Sweats are best in sharp Fevers, in the days of their decrees, or judgements: but the contrary are perilous. As when sweat is cold, specially in a sharp fever, death approacheth: for cold sweat, cometh from gross matter, without the spirits of lively warmness. But i● it be but a mean leuke warm sweat, 
Signs deadly by spittle.  called a faint sweat: than it doth signify a long sickness.  
If the breast be swelled with throbbing, beating, or trouble in the breast, or the upper part of the same: and therewith unstable, fearful eyen utter madness, or death do approach. But bleeding at the nose will help it, specially in young persons: but hardness in those parts, dolour, and swelling, is death.  
Spittle when one spyttes, being white, light, and sweetish, not variable in colour, and also very easy drawn forth▪ is good: but if it be sweaty filth with matter, or black and stinking, with yelownes▪ greenness, or blackness. etc. Filth which is called pus a putredine, there is peril of death, And that which is good, is of the benefit of the blood: and goodness of digestion, and the goodness of phlegm and blood.  
It is perilous, not to neese, in the time of sickness: but so neese vehemently, is perilous also.  
Water, as Dropsy between the skin, and the flesh, coming of a sharp Fever is ever perilous and evil in this case: when the nails appear dark and pale, and the privy members and stones do swell, it is a great token of death. Read of this, Hypocrates in libro secundo praeno. De aqua inter cutem.  
Who so doth wake long, and can not sleep, either a great sickness doth approach, or else madness, through an inflammation. Who so breaketh his sleap o● his common custom, and falleth into much waking in the night, this is an evil sign, and goeth before a perilous evil.  
In all sicknesses hardness of the beallye, or costifnesse, vile stink, black stools, or bloody flixes, are very perilous, but breaking of wind downward, at the stool is good▪  
To vomit white phlegm, not very gross or yellow, is good, but muddy dark or black, it is perilous. But to vomit sundry colours of each sort it is most perilous and deadly.  
To be unnatural dry, with a Fever hedach, shortness of breath, much sweet spittle, high coloured, great veins, pricking in the side, it is the signs of the perilous pleuresy, & death except digestion & blood letting. Of blood letting I have spoken in place, & thus I do end because time is so passed or else I would have spoken more of the Crises, or judgement, and of pulse, and urine with a regiment against the sweat and the fearful plague called Pestilence: which I pr●y God deliver us from. I pray thee take all my talk in good part: and thus I commend thee to the living god, that hath made both heaven and earth, to help and preserve thee with his healthful medicines, and good defence against all sickness, soreness, and wounds, contained within my little Bulwark.  Sickness. 
I Most heartily thank thee, gentle Health, God bringit so to pass: and grant us after this life, a blessed estate everlasting whereas is no misery and wretchedness. But happiness and perpetual blessedness, with Christ our God. Amen.  
The end of the Dialogue, between Health and Sickness: By william Bulleyn, Marcij Anno salutis. 1562.  
Though our gifts be never so small,  
Yet let us give thanks to God for all.  
And who of talentes hath great store,  
Their accounts to god shall be the more.  W.B.  

An Index of the book  


A  A Good Richen, is a good Apothicaries' shop 
1  A potion must be given at three sundry times, to remour and expulse matter from the stomach 
2  A caue●t to beware 
Idem  An example between a Simple and a compound medicine. 
4  Achab did kill Naboth for his vinyeard. 
6  A caviat for Summer. 
11  A Clyster to mollify the belly in the time of danger. 
14  A good note to be observed, when nature is weak. 
Idem  A plaster for the flux. 
15  A consideration in eating and Drinking to be had, and of the variety of meats 
Idem.  A cause why the soul departeth from the Body. 
Idem  A good rule to be observed. 
16  An orore for the dieting of such as be sick of sharp ●euers. 
Idem  As the complexion is▪ so man requireth his food in the time of health, things like to his nature, but in sickness the contrary. 
Idem  Airs are to be observed in sicknesses, as in health. 
17  A sign of digestion. 
18  An example of Brute beasts 
Idem  An Hickop after a Uomitte is perilous. 
Idem  A goodly way to help the Hickop, after a vomit. 
20  An expulsive for an Idle lout. 
Idem  A good reward for diligent labour. 
Idem  All the works under the Son, are nothing but vanity, and affliction to the mind. 
23  Athanasius fear. 
24  A shift for fresh water Soldiers. 
Idem  A lesson against anger 
Idem  A wrathful wretch in battle. 
25  A wrathful part of Alexander, in killing of Clitus 
Idem  A noble woman wept to death, for the death of her husband. 
Idem  Ar●●on● fled away for Theseus' sake, forsaking her father's land. 
27  A pleasant death. 
27  Adam began our plagues. 
29    


B  BEware of drying medicines in Somme● for Choleric persons. 
11  Boxing is good for a Ludber. 
20  Boxinge doth draw forth evil humours. 
Idem.  Boxing doth stop the terms, when they do abounds. 
Idem  Both God and nature abhor ingratefulnes 
26    


C  Compounded humours may not be purged with Simple medicines for they are ●o weak. 
4  Cow, Sheep, and Plough, be our nurses. 
8.  Cold doth take, and is not taken. 
6  Choler is soon dry, therefore purge but little, but the fleshly body hath much moisture, therefore purge the more. 
1●  Cold medecins to the whole, but warm to the sick must be given. 
Idem  Certain causes which let medicine to work 
14  Corrupt airs bring sundry diseases. 
17  Choleric persons most not fast much. 
21  Christ giveth all comfort. 
29  Cleopatra's death. 
25    


D  Dreams do admonish men to fear God 
6.  Death is the end of life. 
14  Drunkards what the do. 
22  Dido's death. 
25  Diag●ras Rhodius did expire the breath of life for sudden joy. 
28  Deoclesian slew himself. 
29    


E  Elleborus albus, the poison thereof 
10  Example of wax and fire. 
14  Extremes be perilous things. 
Idem  Extreme heat & cold be evil. 
15  Exercise before meat. 
17  Equitation is very wholesome. 
19  Examples of sudden fear. 
23  Evil parents, and evil children. 
24  Example of Marcellus. 
Idem  Examples of wrath in Nero. 
Idem  Examples of sudden joy. 
27  Example of Saul, which died in desperation. 
29  Example against desperation. 
Idem    


F.  Four things considered, attraction dissolving. 
1  Fervent prayer unto God, doth mitigate his wrath 
17  Fear is like a monster of hell. 
24  Fear in Christ. 
Idem  Fear in saint Peter. 
Idem  Fear of the Christians. 
Idem  Fear maketh men offer to Idols. 
Idem  Fools be afraid of the Mare in their sleep 
22.  Fear bringeth desperation, example of judas. 
24    


G  Good counsel in the time of trouble. 
7  God the very Physician 
9  God doth work by Mitacle, and means. 
Idem.  God's vengeance. 
23  Good intententes, and good acts be two things. 
4  Gratitude of domme beasts. 
26    


H.  How to prepare medicine 
3  How to know what humour do abound by his proper token. 
Idem  He which loveth God shall have hearts rest. 
10.  How to know whether Choler be purges, or no. 
  How to quicken the stomach 
15  How to provoke vomit, and how to stair it. 
16.  How the stomach must be prepared toward sleep. 
22  How to avoid evil dreams 
Idem  Hypocrates upon sleeps. 
Idem  How a jealous fool beguiled himself. 
26    


I  john Preston, called john of stonham. 
2  It helpeth much to Nature, to provoke urine. 
3  Ignorant Barboures, their fruits. 
4  In Adam we have our fall. 
6  Infidels have singular gifts of God. 
9  In Elleborus you shall know how to correct the same. 
14  Idleness the mother of mischief. 
18  Idleness bringeth mischief to the body and soul, and poverty. 
Idem  It is not good to be trimmed of the Barbour at night, but in the morning▪ 
19  In this life we have our purgatory, and that we feel and perceive. 
6  jealousy is cousin germane to frenzy, mark the fruits thereof 
26  jealousy causeth adultery 
Idem  Ingratitude or unkindness, called churlishness. 
Idem  Ingratitude hath killed many a Man. 
27.  Inuencius the Consul, died suddenly for joy 
Idem    


K  Kings and Queens be subject to the miseries of this World, and have no perfit felicity, before their mortal end. and beginning of immortal life. 
7    


L  Like as Heat consumeth Snow, even so doth Physic money 
2.  Lurking humours how to found them and expulse them. 
3  Let no man be angry with an other man's folly. 
10  Little travel for the sick. 
18  Love is a conqueror. 
5  Love maketh beastly fools. 
Idem  Lucretius. 
29    


M.  men's natures must be observed, a little medicine will work much of some men, and a strong medicine will seante work on some other men. 
2  Methodici be Physicians, that observe certain rules by art. 
Idem  Medicines solutive, why they are given 
Idem.  Melancholy the worst humour of Nature begat a son called the Quarten. 
4.  Matter in the veins must be let out by blood letting, and in the Belly, by clyster, in the Breast by vomit. 
5  Man's life is both short and miserable. 
6  Medicine doth change, and meat is changed. 
7  medicines for feeble stomachs to purge gently. 
10  men, Women▪ and Children, must take medicines, according to their strength and age 
11  Much humour must be purged by little & little and not at once. 
12  Much watch causeth raw humours in the stomach. 
22  Moderate walk after Meat, profiteth. 
17  Moderate exercise is a suffrayn thing. 
18  Men do dream according to their temperament or complexion. 
6    


N  Nature hath many hidden desires, unknown to the Physician▪ 
10  Nature hath prepared that one creature dreadeth and feareth an other 
12  Note which is the most wholesome air to dwell in. 
17  Sneezing doth help women in their travel▪ 
20.  No man or beast, can live without Sleep. 
21    


O  Of sweet phlegm. 
●  Observations in blood letting. 
●  Of the time of medicine. 
7  One may sleep after Pills, but yet beware of old pills. 
8  Of the quantity of matter to be purged. 
12.  Of overmuch purging the body, the remedy to help the same. 
13  Of syrups and drinks. 
15  Of frication the virtue thereof. 
18  Of sneezing the profit thereof. 
20  Of sweats profitable and unprofitable to a common wealth. 
Idem  Of two kinds of sweats, natural, and artificial. 
21  Of good and bad sleep. 
22  Of the sudden alteration of the mind, from joy to care. 
23  Of fear what it is. 
Idem  Of heat artificial and natural. 
24  Of Choleric heat. 
Idem  Of sudden joy. 
28    


P.  property and place must be observed. 
2  Preparative must be first given, and then Purgation. 
Idem  Purge that which should be purged, or else medal not. 
  Purgers of Phlegm. 
4  Purge upward in Summer, and downward in Winter. 
5  Place where medicine should be ministered conveniently joined with tyme. 
6  Prosperity is very slippery. 
Idem  Pills may be made of all kind of medicines. 
8  Poor men be exalted through virtue, 
9  Purge phlegm more than choler, and Melancholy more than phlegm 
12  Physicians aught to have a perfect knowledge of the nature of places and air▪ 
17  Pleasant people they are. 
Idem  Pox is cleansed by sweat. 
21  Pleasure is noisome to the disquiet heart. 
23  Procris did seek her own death, through jealousy. 
26    


S  Scamonie is perilous, except it be well prepared, and killeth many. 
3  Signs manifest, declaring what humours bear the greatest rule in the Bodies of men and women, without which i● is not possible to purge according to art, but rather to kill. 
4  Signs to know when Melancholy approacheth, after whom cometh the quarten. 
Idem  Sorrow is for things past, and fear is for things to come. 
6  Sudden gotten substance remaineth not long●. 
10  Signs of death, through purging of the body. 
14  Short sickness, thin broth: long sickness thick broth. 
6  Sweet air to be made in the time of sickness with perfumes. 
17  Signs of death by the teeth. 
32  Signs deadly by wounds. 
Idem  Signs deadly by the hands. 
Idem  Signs deadly by the breath. 
Idem  Signs deadly by sweat. 
Idem  Signs deadly by swelling. 
Idem  Signs deadly by spittle. 
Idem    


T  The fruit of rash ministration of medicines. 
1  The virtue of bitter medicines is great. 
2  The cause of sicknesses. 
Idem  The chief sign of digestion. 
3  That humour which do abound purge the same. 
Idem  The Manna of Calabria is the best in the world, and falleth in the Night as dew upon flowers and leaves. 
4  The fire will get the victory▪ if the Water be not equal, or have the mastery. 
ibi.  To know when medicines hath wrought their effect. 
5  The humours regions, are chief to be considered. 
Idem  The day natural, and the Day artificial. 
Idem  The four complexions reigning every one six hours. 
Idem  The aged, the very young weak folk, and Women with child, may not be let blood. 
Idem  The hope of the life to come. 
6  The soul never sleepeth. 
Idem  The troubles of the mind, be greater than the crosses of the body. 
Idem  The observation of complexions. 
8  To give medicine in the fit of a Fever is perilous. 
Idem  The life of the plain People in the Country. 
Idem  The end of wicked men. 
9  The Gout loveth rich men, but is afraid of poor folks. 
13  To cool the mouth. 
Idem  The causes why medicines work immo. 
14  Tenasmus what it is, & how to help it. 
15  The earth is mother of every living thing. 
id  To feed of divers sorts of meats corrupteth the body. 
Idem  To eat both fish and flesh together, hurteth the phlegmatic body. 
Idem  The melancholy. 
16  The Sanguine. 
Idem  The practice of Idle people, 
18  The Heathen are better, than many christians. 
1  Three things to be observed in frications. 
19  The cause of vomit and when it helpeth, and when it hurteth. 
Idem  To help 〈◊〉 Hickop. 
Idem  Tuck, and Raper. 
20  The Carter doth daily help the courtier, 
id  The great goodness of fasting, both for th● soul and body. 
21  The rich use gluttony, & the poor penury, 
id  The virtue or benefit of sleep or rest. 
idem  The cause why a drunkard do di● suddenly. 
22  To whom watch is good. 
Ibidem  The afflictions of the mind, is hard to be helped. 
Idem  The ix. heavenly Muses, can smally comforre some careful heart, when it is in care. 
23  The sacred gift that the nine heavenly Muses have, and can give to others when they be in trouble. 
Idem  The names of the nine Muses, with their gifts. 
Ibidem  The perturbation or sudden motion of the mind, must be well observed. 
Ibidem  The jealousy of Antiopa. 
26  The treason of judas, that most ingrateful villain, his example to all churls▪ 
idem  To know a very Gentleman. 
27  The shameful ingratitude of Theseus, the son of Ageus, the king of Athenes. 
idem  The Monster of the labyrinth▪ 
Ibidem  The great grief and lamentation of Theseus, when he was in prison. 
Ibidem.  The noble pitiful Lady Ariadne, did comfort the miserable Theseus, & set him at liberty. 
Ibidem.  The crafty treason of false Theseus 
Idem  The death of Ariadne. 
Ibidem  The death of Otho for care. 
28  The Wisdom of Dionise the tyrant, in adversity. 
Ibidem  The king of Bohem, what he did in the time of poverty. 
Idem  The end of men in desperation. 
29  The end of Sardanapalus. 
Ibidem  The death of judas. 
30  The death of Brutus. 
Ibidem  To dye in desperation, is to renounce salvation. 
Idem  The patience of Io●. 
Idem  The best regiment of life. 
Idem  The cause of the Night. 
Idem  The signs of death by the face. 
32  The signs of death by the eyen. 
Idem  The signs of death by lying in the bed. 
idem  The signs of a pleurisy. 
33    


V  Use maketh the labour easy. 
18  Uomit helpeth the flux. 
19    


W  When purging medicines are given, first minister herbs & drink to provoke Urine. 
2  When one descendeth into himself, he shall behold fearful things. 
6  Wicked spirits, do molest our spirits. 
●  What thing is best for mankind. 
●  Why purgation worketh not naturally. 
8  We●ke stomachs, can not away with strong medicines. 
Ibidem  What harm wind doth in a Fever, or after purging. 
13  When the patient is in peril, the remedy to help him. 
14▪  What kinds of meats do cause good blood. 
16  What hurt cometh of an empty stomach when ye go to bed. 
Idem  What airs corrupteth the blood. 
17  What situation is best for a house▪ 
Idem  What profit cometh by exercise. 
18  When to use rubbing, or frication, and wherefore. 
19  When to travail or play. 
Idem  What persons may best vomit. 
Idem  UUho may worst ●omit. 
Idem  When to vomit. 
Idem  When it is good to bleed. 
20  UUho must not bleed. 
Idem  UUho aught to swear, and who not. 
21  When sweat is not good. 
Idem  When sl●epe is perilous. 
22  What dreams do signify. 
Idem  What spirit controversy is. 
26  Who must help us in the time of trouble. 
2●  What mischief doth chance to the whole body, for want of unity. 
30    
FINIS.