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 GIFT OF 
 Mrs. F. M. Foster 
 

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^"^ — ' THC 
 
 THE 
 
 CHARMIDES, LACHES, AND LYSIS 
 
 PLATO 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 BARKER NEWHALL, Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN KENYON COLLEGE 
 
 3^^c 
 
 NEW YORK:- CINCINNATI .-CHICAGO 
 
 AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 
 
Copyright, 1900, bv 
 BARKER NEWHALL. 
 
 CHARMIDES. 
 E-P 1 
 
 GIFT 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 Among the dialogues of Plato, whose literary excellence might lead 
 to their selection for reading in college, the Symposium and Phaedrus 
 are hardly suitable for the classroom, the Gorgias and Republic are 
 too long, and the Phaedo too abstruse, while others lack the charm of 
 dramatic setting. The three dialogues, however, which are included 
 in the present edition, seem to be free from the disadvantages just 
 enumerated. The Charmides has been given the most extended treat- 
 ment, with the hope that this dialogue may be made the center of 
 more thorough study, though the Laches may be put in its place. 
 The Lysis is intended for sight-reading, and is annotated accordingly. 
 If time is short, the more abstruse portions of the Charmides, such as 
 the treatment of the iTTLa-Trjfxrj iTnarrni-q^, may be omitted. The works 
 which have been used in the preparation of this edition are enumerated 
 in the Appendix. In treating the philosophic contents of the dialogues, 
 I have followed F. Horn's Platonstudien (Vienna, 1893) very closely, 
 and Cron's edition of the Laches has been freely utihzed in the com- 
 mentary to that dialogue. Professor Gild"ersleeve, moreover, has 
 kindly made very valuable suggestions while the book was in press, 
 and I must acknowledge my constant indebtedness to the inspiration 
 and illumination received from this eminent scholar, who has imparted 
 by means of the bitter root of Greek syntax a higher appreciation of 
 the sweet fruit of Greek hterature. 
 
 BARKER NEWHALL. 
 
 Gambier, Ohio, December i, 1899, 
 
 M633333 
 
References to page and line of this edition are 
 printed, e-g.^ 3.22. 
 
 Acknowledgment of more special indebtedness 
 to Professor Gildersleeve is indicated by the abbre- 
 viation, Gild. 
 
 GIFT 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction. 
 Plato : 
 
 I. Life . . vii 
 
 II. ' Works vii 
 
 III. Style viii 
 
 The Charmides, Laches, and Lysis: 
 
 I. Literary Form xi 
 
 II. Characters . . . . . . , . . xiii 
 
 III. Philosophic Contents.^ 
 
 Charmides xix 
 
 Laches xxii 
 
 Lysis XXV 
 
 IV. Chronology xxvii 
 
 Text. 
 
 Charmides . . . i 
 
 Laches 27 
 
 Lysis 55 
 
 Commentary. 
 
 Charmides -77 
 
 Laches -99 
 
 Lysis 116 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 I. Manuscripts and Editions 123 
 
 II. Notes on the Text . 124 
 
 Indices 134 
 
 Parallel References to Stephanus Pages . . . .140 
 
 V 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 PLATO. 
 
 I. LIFE.i 
 
 Plato was born 427 b.c, and his disciples celebrated the 7th of 
 Thargelion (May 27) as his natal day.^ His father, Ariston, was 
 descended from Codrus, the mythic king of Athens, and from the 
 god Poseidon, while his mother, Perictione,'' was in some way related 
 to Solon. After trying his hand at poetry, at the age of twenty he 
 devoted himself to philosophy, under the guidance of Socrates. Soon 
 after his master's death in 399 he began his travels, and visited Egypt, 
 Cyrene, Italy, and Sicily. Returning to Athens in 387, he bought a 
 house and garden near the precincts of the hero Academus, where he 
 taught for the remaining forty years of his life. He was never married, 
 and, what was unusual for an Athenian, took no part in public life. 
 He died in 347, and was buried near his home. Such are the bare 
 outhnes of Plato's life, but they suffice to indicate his environment. 
 His aristocratic birth endowed him with fine sensibilities and generous 
 tastes, which were cultivated and perfected by a thorough education 
 in gymnastics and mathematics, in both of which he gained distinc- 
 tion, in music, rhetoric, and philosophy. His extended travels broad- 
 ened his vision and brought him into contact with the wisdom of other 
 lands, while his wealth and his freedom from the cares of family and 
 politics allowed him to devote his entire attention to literary pursuits. 
 
 II. WORKS. 
 
 In classical literature nothing but the Homeric question has caused 
 so much discussion among scholars as the genuineness and chrono- 
 
 1 The authority for Plato's life is Steinhart. v. App. I., C. 
 
 2 This day was probably chosen because it was the festival of Delian Apollo, to 
 whom later legends ascribed the parentage of the philosopher. 
 
 s V. Note 3. 8. 
 
 vii 
 
Viii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 logical order of the Platonic dialogues, and opinions are often widely 
 at variance. The arrangement of Christ, however, with which, in 
 the main, the following list agrees, represents a conservative mean. 
 I. Socratic (before 392) : Lysis, Charmides, Laches, Hippias Minor, 
 Apology, Crito, Euthyphro, Ion. II. Transitio7tal (392-380?) : Pro- 
 tagoras, Gorgias, Meno, Euthydemus, Menexenus, Cratylus, Theaete- 
 tus, Phaedrus, Phaedo, Symposium. III. Constructive: Republic, 
 Parmenides, Sophistes, Politicus, Philebus, Timaeus, Critias, Laws. 
 The position of the dialogues in I. and III. is certain, but there is 
 much dispute about the order of those in II. (especially the Phaedo 
 and Phaedrus). Many scholars reject the Ion, Menexenus, and Par- 
 menides. Besides the above Hst of 26 genuine dialogues, the manu- 
 scripts contain 16 others, some of them probably written by contem- 
 poraries of Plato, and also 13 letters, of which one or two are perhaps 
 genuine. 
 
 III. STYLE. 
 
 It may safely be said that Plato is the greatest of Greek prose 
 writers; for, though Aristotle may have been a greater philosopher, 
 his extant works have no literary value, and though Demosthenes 
 rivals Plato in his diction, the subject-matter of his orations has lost 
 much of its interest to the modern world. Plato, however, excels both 
 in content and form, and to-day no Greek author is so widely studied 
 in all departments of learning. The philosopher, the literary critic, 
 the political economist, the philologist, the pedagogue, and the moral- 
 ist, all find something of value in his pages. 
 
 The ancients, too, recognized his preeminence, and the great Roman 
 critic declared omniutn quicutnque scripserunt aut locuti sunt extitit 
 et suavitate et gravitate princeps Plato (Cic. Orat. 62, cf. Top. i. 24). 
 The sweetness which Cicero admired, the elegance and finish which 
 Aristotle noticed, the grace and simplicity of his style perhaps impress 
 the reader before anything else. It is this which leads Taine to a 
 comparison with Correggio, and which Dionysius praises for its clearness 
 hke the most transparent stream, its fragrance Hke a breeze from flow- 
 ery meadows (ad Cn. Pomp. 2). Even the satiric Timon (Diog. L. 
 III. 7) likened his works to the sweet song of the cicadas hidden 
 
. - INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 among the trees of Academus, and his biographers fabled that bees 
 filled his lips with honey, as he lay on the slopes of Hymettus.^ This 
 sweetness blended with dignity- and elevation, the "supreme serenity 
 and smile of divine wisdom" (Cousin), justify the title "Homer of 
 philosophers."^ Indeed so rich and full is the stream that flows softly 
 from the Homeric source, that some declared that such would be the 
 speech of great Zeus himself. Plato rivals the great poet also in his 
 dramatic power, exhibited in the vivid and powerful delineation of 
 character and the variety and beauty of his scenery. In this (5^09) 
 he excels all writers, and even Demosthenes is but an imitator."* This 
 makes his dialogues a faithful mirror of the best Athenian society and 
 imparts refinement by the association of the reader with cultured 
 people. So brilliant are his pictures, so rich in color and warm with 
 sensuous feeling that the ancients thought that, like Euripides, he must 
 have been a painter in his younger days.^ At any rate he was once a 
 poet ; indeed, fragments of his elegies remain, and he never wholly lost 
 his poetic character.^ It was a true dream of Socrates when he saw 
 Apollo's swan fly from his bosom and soar singing to the clouds. The 
 vocabulary is largely poetic (Longin. 13), and the wonderful extended 
 similes as well as the myths, to which he resorts when dialectic fails, 
 exhibit the power of the poet as well as of the rhetorician. The 
 rhythms, too, are often poetic,^ yet their perfection is praised by 
 Dionysius (De Adm. Vi, 41), and the periods are harmonious, flexible, 
 and smooth, though judged inferior to those of Demosthenes. Para- 
 taxis is the foundation principle of his composition, and we sometimes 
 find as many as nine or ten clauses strung together, so that we scarcely 
 realize the periodic structure;^ yet he often blends longer sentences 
 with shorter. Anacoluthaand parentheses at times interrupt grammati- 
 cal sequence and skilfully imitate the movement of conversation, while 
 the participle and the infinitive, of which Plato, like Herodotus, is so 
 
 lAel. V. H. X. 21. 2 Long. 13, Cic. Brut. 121. 
 
 3 id. Tusc. I. 79. This combination of qualities led Cousin to compare Plato 
 with Bossuet. 
 
 *Dionys. Rhet. X. 2 Sy. Note 58. 31. 
 
 ^Aristotle ap. Diog. L. III. 37 /xera^i/ Troi-qfiaros Kal ire^ov \6yov. 
 ■^ Quint. IX. 4. 77 notes especially the Timacus. 
 ^Demetr. de eloc, 21. 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 fond,^ contribute to the smooth flow of clause and sentence. Yet 
 though the style seems so easy, it was elaborated with great care, and 
 till the day of his death ^ he revised and corrected and rearranged 
 the words and phrases. 
 
 All these details show that Plato excelled not only in the quality but 
 the number of his beauties (Longin. 35. i). Simple narrative is used 
 in the introductions and the myths, then more ornate or lofty style in 
 the solemn discourse or extended simile, in one dialogue rapid question 
 and answer, in another continuous dialectic, where the answers are 
 merely formal. There is an endless variety of moods and tones, which 
 blends gravity with vivacity, comedy with tragedy, profound reasoning 
 with irony or satire, poetry with prose. As Chaignet says, he makes 
 not only his characters but his philosophy live and breathe. It is in his 
 earUer dialogues that these literary elements are most prominent. In 
 his later works his advancing years and maturing mind lead him to 
 neglect somewhat the beauty of external form. The style becomes 
 more precise and didactic, at times even heavy and obscure,^ the 
 periods are more elaborate and the order of words less natural, the 
 witty sallies and the poetic grace are lacking, the dramatic setting is 
 almost lost. Moreover, the minuteness of distinction makes the style 
 exceedingly dry and monotonous, while it causes the formation of 
 many new words and endows others with new shades of meaning.'' 
 Certain formulae of question and answer, certain phrases and particles, 
 and certain verbs of saying (A. J. P. X. 470) are used for the first 
 time, or much more frequently. There is a marked tendency to revert 
 to Ionic and Old Attic words and forms, and to employ tragic diction. 
 The latest works also show considerable care in the avoidance of 
 hiatus.^ 
 
 It is beyond our province to speak of the importance, the original- 
 
 1 Engelhardt, de period. PI struct. II., pp. 27, 29, notices that we sometimes find 
 whole pages of infinitives. 
 
 2Cic. de Sen. V. 13. 
 
 3 Dionys. ad Cn. Pomp. 2. 
 
 *The Soph, and Pol. have 270, the Tim., Crit., and Laws 1492 words not used 
 elsewhere by Plato. v. Campbell, Introd. Soph, and Pol, p. xx; Jowett and 
 Campbell, Rep. II. 46-61. 
 
 ^Average 2-3 to a Teubner page. Blass, Att. Ber. II. 426. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 ity, or the breadth of Platonic philosophy. Emerson calls his works 
 " the Bible of the learned, out of which come all things that are still 
 written and debated among men," and another writer says, "The 
 philosophy of Plato rises before us as the mightiest and most perma- 
 nent monument ever erected by unassisted human thought." 
 
 THE CHARMIDES, LACHES, AND LYSIS. 
 
 I. Literary Form. 
 
 In the same sense that Herodotus was the father of history, Plato 
 may be called the creator of the philosophic dialogue, and moreover 
 he was the first to clothe it in dramatic form, so that it is, to a certain 
 degree, the forerunner of the modern prose drama. The analogy is so 
 well sustained by the numerous indications of time and place, by the 
 movements and emotions of the interlocutors, and by occasional parody 
 of style or dialect, that we see the likeness to a tragedy in the Phaedo, to 
 a comedy in the Protagoras, we may call the Euthydemus a satyr-play, 
 or the great Republic a tetralogy. Indeed, the Protagoras was actually 
 put on the stage in Roman times. The action is localized sometimes 
 in a private house (Rep., Prot.), sometimes in a public square 'Euth'o), 
 in the palaestra (Char., Lys.) or at a banquet (Sym.), in the confine- 
 ment of a prison (Crito, Phaedo) or .in the freedom of the country 
 (Phaedr.), but in e^7ery case the scene is presented clearly, and the 
 surroundings often accurately and fully described (so Char., Lys.). 
 Time is treated with poetic freedom, and we often find anachronisms,^ 
 of which the most famous are the dispersion of the Arcadians (385 B.C.) 
 in the Symposium, and the bribing of Ismenias (395) in the Menon, 
 dialogues in which Socrates (ob. 399) participates. Since the persons 
 of the dialogue are drawn from everyday life, they seem more real 
 than the characters of the drama itself, but as their delineation is only 
 a means to an end, they are few in number and are not allowed to dis- 
 tract attention from the thought presented. Since they are typical of 
 intellectual and moral tendencies, they have a universal and lasting 
 value, and the lines are more subtly drawn than for the mere individual. 
 
 1 Zeller, Berlin Academy, 1873. 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Plato's own rule was o-fxiKpov n jxipoq iv ttoAAo) Aoyuj TYj<; /xi/xryo-eojs (Rep. 
 396 E). The chorus, which the later comedy discarded entirely, survives 
 here only in the audience, whose presence is indicated by applause or 
 by occasional comments in the mouth of a piinor interlocutor, such as 
 Chaerephon in the Gorgias. Furthermore, the dialogues have a unity 
 of action, complete in itself and limited in extent,^ which distinguishes 
 them from the continuous memoirs of Xenophon, as the dramatic 
 representation from the historical account. It is not alone by the 
 external form but also by the internal structure that the analogy to the 
 drama is maintained. There are definite divisions in the dialogues 
 which correspond roughly to the acts of a play, and these are usually 
 marked, as in tragedy, by the entrance or retirement of an interlocu- 
 tor ; sometimes the change is announced beforehand (so 2. 15, 10. 32). 
 The acts are not necessarily five in number, any more than in the 
 drama, although this is usually the case (v. Analysis of Char., Lach., 
 Lys.). At any rate withhi the frame of an introduction and conclu- 
 sion some difficulty is developed, and then partially or completely 
 solved. Doubt and perplexity are created in the mind, just as tragedy 
 inspires fear and pity in the heart, that by their removal the purifying 
 effect may be produced, which Aristotle prescribed as an essential of 
 the tragic drama. Although in structure tragedy furnishes the model, 
 and the irony and word-play belong to this sphere, the dialogue is 
 closer to comedy in its tone and mode of treatment as well as in the 
 humor, the parody, and the satire, although much more delicate and 
 refined. As an early critic observed, Aristophanes excites our laughter, 
 but Plato provokes a smile. We know, in fact, that he was a careful 
 student of the great comedian, as well as of the prose mimes of the 
 Sicilian Sophron. 
 
 Although the greatest perfection is attained in the longer dialogues, 
 the more youthful works, like brief interludes, often exhibit many 
 features of dramatic art. The Charmides and Lysis present the same 
 typical Athenian scene ; the young men, as eager to develop the mind 
 as the body, leaving their athletic sports to cluster around Socrates and 
 learn the lessons of abstruse philosophy, admiring now the wisdom of 
 the teacher, now the beauty of the pupil. Both these dialogues are 
 
 1 Ar. Poet. ch. 7. 
 
INTRODUCnON. xiii 
 
 enlivened with the same humor and adorned with the same richness 
 of dramatic setting, but the Charmides has the more perfect form and 
 a calm and statuesque dignity that gives somewhat the effect of sculp- 
 ture (Taine). When we remember that these are perhaps the earliest 
 works of Plato that we possess, and that he is said to have written 
 dramas in his youth, we see that he is still under the inspiration of 
 Dionysius, and still employs the methods of composition which were 
 consecrated to the honor of the god. In the Laches the youthful 
 vivacity and playfulness are lacking and the scenery is less prominent, 
 but irony and witty repartee enliven the discussion, in spite of the 
 more serious and earnest tone. Though the introduction of the 
 Charmides seems long in proportion to the rest of the dialogue, it not 
 only lays down foundation principles for the philosophic discussion 
 (v. p. xxi), but it serves to present living examples of temperance, 
 alike in the youthful Charmides to whom the world is yet untried, and 
 in the more mature Socrates, who has withstood the temptations of his 
 own perverse nature (v. Note 3. 22). So the Lysis shows us the two 
 friends, the Laches the two generals, who, in each case, typify the 
 virtue about to be discussed, as in the opening of the Republic we see 
 the incarnation of justice in aged Cephalus. Finally, each of our 
 three dialogues consists of two parts, a popular and a scientific, and 
 each section is discussed by a person especially adapted to that mode 
 of treatment. 
 
 IL Characters. 
 
 In the Charmides and Lysis, as in all the earlier dialogues, the chief 
 interlocutor and Jihe conductor of the investigation is the great teacher 
 in whom Plato has merged his own personality, the wisest and best 
 man of ancient times. Socrates,^ son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and 
 Phaenarete, a midwife, was born about 469, and drank the fatal hem- 
 lock in the Athenian prison. May, 399. Though by birth belonging 
 only to the middle class, he associated intimately with the most 
 aristocratic families, as our own dialogue shows. Nor did he neglect 
 his duties as a citizen. He fought bravely at Potidaea, Delium, and 
 
 1 The best sketch of his life is found in Grote's History of Greece, ch. 68. 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Amphipolis (v. Note 30. 3); as prytanis in 406 he defended the gen- 
 erals returned from Arginusae; he married a wife, the famous Xanthippe, 
 and reared children for the state. But his chief concern in life was 
 the search for truth, everywhere, at all times, with all people, and, 
 making mankind his study, he feared neither tyrant nor sophist, but 
 resolutely attacked all error, conceit, and sham, that he might find the 
 real and abiding essence.^ Barefooted at all seasons and awkward in 
 his gait, a single dingy cloak covering a robust figure hardened to heat, 
 cold, or fatigue, a face so ugly as to be a byword, yet showing the 
 strength of mastered passions,^ a hard but steady drinker, playful and 
 witty, yet devout, he had a homely eloquence that caused the hearts 
 of young men to throb and their tears to flow, and despite his rough 
 exterior, he was, like the king's daughter, "all beautiful within."^ 
 His modesty (56. 5), real or assumed, that led him naively to profess 
 his ignorance (Note 14. 5-6), and the keen and subtle irony (v. 42, i, 
 46. 23, etc.), which was so powerful an instrument in his dialectic 
 method, are his most prominent characteristics. The two principles 
 of investigation which Aristotle ascribes to Socrates as his peculiar 
 property are induction and definition. The first step in induction is 
 the example, which is often drawn from the most ordinary spheres of 
 action (Notes 18. 20, 46. 26). His refined friends objected to his 
 vulgarity, but its famihar character added to its force, and the great 
 teacher of Galilee consecrated it by frequent use. The usual result 
 of the inductive example is the definition (v. Note 40. 28), which is 
 necessary to the exact knowledge demanded by Socrates, and the 
 dialectic portion of our dialogues is made up largely of these two 
 elements. Since Socrates, like Christ, left no written memorial, we 
 must depend on the testimony of his disciples, Plato and Xenophon. 
 Though the former often blends his own thought with the conceptions 
 of his master, and develops as well as reproduces, his powers of 
 dramatic presentation are so great, and his appreciation so refined, 
 that he gives a more vivid and sympathetic account, and so paints a 
 
 1 V. Notes 10. 31, 13. II, 15. 23. 
 2 V. Note 3. 22. 
 
 8 The locus classicus for Socrates' personality is Alcibiades' description, Sym. 
 215-222. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 truer picture than does Xenophon. Following the indications given 
 by the earlier dialogues, we learn how eminently familiar and con- 
 versational was the language and style of Socrates. The modest litotes 
 (Note 13. 33), the sportive fancy that led to mock solemnity 
 (Notes 3. 22, 18. 14) or to a clever play upon words, the abundant 
 proverbs (Note 2. 17) and the many cases of etymological construc- 
 tion (Note 16. 31), contribute to the famiharity of his discourse. His 
 fondness for oaths and interjections (Note 2. 31) illustrates the same 
 tendency. The carelessness of compact structure and the lack of 
 grammatical consistency, which he himself confesses in the Symposium 
 (199 B), are manifested in frequent anacolutha (Notes 4. 16, 20. 29, 
 42. 17) and parentheses (Note 18. 14), in the omission of conjunc- 
 tions (asyndeton), and in careless repetitions (Note 4. 34), all of 
 which imitate the movement of easy conversation. 
 
 Chaerephon's function, as in the Gorgias, is merely introductory and 
 mediatory, and after presenting Socrates to Critias he retires from the 
 field. He must have been nearly as old as Socrates, for he was the 
 friend of his youth, and the same enthusiastic devotion which he dis- 
 plays in our dialogue led him to ask the Delphic oracle to indorse 
 the wisdom of his master (Apol. 21 A). He was ridiculed by Aris- 
 tophanes as the model Socratic pupil, and in the Gorgias he imitates 
 his master's manner. His lean figure, his sallow face, and his hasty 
 movements won him the nickname of " the bat." His hot temper got 
 him into difficulty with his younger brother, but he was easily recon- 
 ciled (Mem. H. 3). He did not survive his friend and teacher. 
 
 Critias and Charmides were both near relatives of Plato, the former 
 being his mother's cousin, the latter her brother (Note 6. 8), and he 
 was naturally disposed to present them in a favorable light. He gives 
 Critias an honorable place in the Timaeus as well as in the dialogue 
 that bears his name, where he relates the traditions of Athens' earliest 
 history with such skill and learning that he wins the praise of Socrates 
 (Tim. 20 B). In our dialogue Socrates treats him with great respect 
 and delicately alludes to his poetic skill (11. 7). Indeed, Critias was 
 one of the most versatile and gifted men of Athens, for he was not 
 only successful in tragedy and elegy, but he was an able orator and 
 historian ; so the famous *A^iyvata)i/ TroAireca in the Xenophontean cor- 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 pus was ascribed to him by Bockh. He gave, moreover, such atten- 
 tion to abstract knowledge that he was called ' a philosopher among 
 dilettanti, though a dilettante among philosophers.' So, although 
 Critias is known to history as the most greedy and cruel of the Thirty 
 Tyrants, there was a more agreeable side to his character, and this 
 Plato wishes to bring to our notice. Critias was, however, as much 
 devoted to the sophists as to Socrates, as appears in the Protagoras, 
 where he mediates between them (336 E), and we may notice indica- 
 tions of sophistic training in our dialogue (Note 11. 30). Thus he 
 employs longer and more artistic periods (13. 8 ff.), he is confident of 
 success (Note 12. 23), he follows Prodicus in the distinction of syno- 
 nyms (12. 12), and he refuses to acknowledge his own definition 
 (9. 29, cf. Prot. 331 E). Moreover, he betrays his aristocratic preju- 
 dices by his preference for to. iavrov Trpdrreiv, since if each man minds 
 his own business, the nobles will rule and the rest must obey. Xeno- 
 phon maintains that Critias frequented Socrates' society merely in 
 order to be better equipped for his political career, and we know that 
 when he came into power, he showed Httle respect for his former 
 teacher, but rudely bade him quit his prating of artisans and shep- 
 herds, of justice and virtue, lest he suffer for it.^ There has been an 
 attempt to identify Callicles in the Gorgias with Critias, and the theory 
 seems plausible. Both change ground and object to Socrates' dialectic 
 method^ or the vulgarity of his examples;^ both defend TrAeoveKretv,* 
 both enter the discussion suddenly at a critical moment ; they enter- 
 tain the same aristocratic sentiments, yet use democracy to further 
 their ends.* Still other points of similarity might be mentioned. 
 
 Charmides and Lysis belong to a class of young men^ of which 
 Phaedrus is the type. Modest and retiring (59. 5), prone to blush 
 when disconcerted (v. Note 6. 28) yet eager for discussion (58. 16-19), 
 rich and aristocratic (6. 7, 57. 10-17), beautiful in form and pure in 
 heart (5. 33-4, 59. i), their fresh and buoyant natures enUven the 
 
 1 Xen. Mem. I. 2. ^y. 3 u, -^2, Gorg. 491 A. 
 
 2 13. II, 14. 22, 15. 8-13, Gorg. 497 A. 4 Gorg. 483 D, Xen. Hell. II. 3. 16. 
 5 Gorg. 489 C, 481 E. 
 
 ^ Taine, Les jeunes gens de Platon, Essais de critique, pp. 155-197. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 Platonic pages and endow them with a special grace. Charmides 
 added to the natural advantages of his position some skill in poetry 
 (3. 6) and was enough of an athlete to train for the Nemean games 
 (Theag. 128 DE). It may have been in sports that he lost his fortune, 
 for he jokes about his poverty in Xenophon's Symposium (IV. 29). 
 There is a trace of mischievous humor in his suggestion of Critias' 
 ignorance (10. 30-32, cf. 26. i). Though he went with his guardian 
 to hear the sophists (Prot. 315 A), he was one of Socrates' most 
 devoted followers (Sym. 222 A). The philosopher urged him to enter 
 public life (Mem. III. 7), and to overcome by a knowledge of himself 
 the timidity which continued even into manhood. However, when 
 actually in the political arena, he followed his aristocratic friends, was 
 made one of the committee of Ten, who ruled the Piraeus under the 
 Thirty, and was slain with Critias while defending the unrighteous 
 cause (Hell. II. 4. 19). 
 
 Lysis is younger than his companions, and his conversation is full of 
 boyish frankness and naivete. The needless details added to his an- 
 swers, his frequent oaths (ch. 4), and his mischievous desire to see his 
 saucy cousin discomfited (63. 14), are evidences of his youth. Though 
 he is too bashful to join the company without some excuse (59. 5), he 
 can laugh merrily at Socrates' questions (60. 31), and becomes so in- 
 terested that he answers out of turn (66. 4). Socrates, accordingly, 
 adopts a simpler style, asks naive questions (e.g. 60. 34), draws his ex- 
 amples from family Hfe, and treats the subject more fully. We know 
 nothing further of Lysis, nor yet of Hippothales, the sentimental lover, 
 who wearies his friends by his poems and his eulogies, though he too 
 can blush and change color (56. 7, 75. 4). Ctesippus is pert, impa- 
 tient, at times even rude {6$. 29), but he is good at heart (Phaedo 
 59 A). In the Euthydemus he has a more important role, and shows 
 his cleverness and wit as well as his roughness.^ Menexenus is prob- 
 ably the same as the Menexenus who gives his name to one of the 
 dialogues. Both he and Ctesippus were with Socrates in his last hours. 
 
 In contrast to the two other dialogues, the Laches puts the young 
 people quite in the background, in fact, they utter scarcely a word 
 
 1 284 D, 299 E, 284 E, 288 A, 298 B to 299 E. 
 
XVlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (29. 31), but their devotion to Socrates serves to introduce him to 
 their parents. Though they made considerable progress under his 
 instruction, they did not persevere in their studies, but through evil 
 association soon lost all that they had gained (Theat. 150 DE). The 
 old men, Lysimachus and Melesias, are so closely united as to make 
 practically one character, and are usually addressed and mentioned 
 together (28. 30, 35. 30, etc.). Lysimachus is rather the more ener- 
 getic of the two, but he suffers from the infirmities of age (29. 18-20, 
 39. 23-5), and his prefatory remarks are so diffuse and verbose that he 
 himself realizes his weakness (27. 11). His life of narrow seclusion 
 has kept him from acquaintance with the almost omnipresent Socrates, 
 and he has no independent views of his own. Besides, the glory of 
 his father, the great Aristides, makes his own insignificance more ap- 
 parent. Melesias, too, though a great wrestler in his youth (Meno 
 94 C), did nothing to equal the fame of Thucydides, his father, the 
 statesman and opponent of Pericles, and his share in the dialogue 
 (34. 2-28) is confined to a few brief answers. Laches and Nicias, on 
 whom the burden of the discussion rests, were leaders of the aristo- 
 cratic party and had great influence in the state. Like all men of 
 noble birth, they admired Spartan institutions (v. Note 31. 34) and 
 favored peace. All that we know of Laches' life is that he led an ex- 
 pedition to Sicily (v. Note 33. 10), served as hoplite at Delium (v. 
 Note 30. 3), was associated with Nicias in negotiating the peace of 421 
 (Thuc. V. 43), and fell at Mantinea in 418. The allusion to Delium 
 in 30. 3 and the date of Laches' death enable us to fix the time when 
 the conversation is supposed to take place. Laches is, first of all, a 
 practical man : he has had no experience in abstract thinking (45. 27) 
 and cannot form a general conception, he is confident (41. 10) and 
 hasty in his conclusions, he appeals to facts {tpya; 32. 18, 38. 29), 
 which, however, have no bearing on the question, and he is guided 
 largely by his prejudices {cf. 31. 34). Furthermore, there is in his 
 character a strong tendency to criticise. This appears in his first 
 words (29. 5-9), again in the keen satire of Stesilaos (32.24ff.), but 
 especially in his bitter and scornful attacks on Nicias {t,^,. 9, 47. i, 5, 1 1, 
 49. 25,50. 6, II, 19). Even Socrates does not escape (35. 23). His 
 impatience and anger cause him twice (48. 2,Z) 5^- 24) to give up the 
 
INTRODUCTION. xix 
 
 discussion, but he is finally reconciled (53. 30-34), and it is perhaps 
 because he learns the most that the dialogue bears his name. Nicias, 
 after the death of Pericles (429), was the most highly esteemed citizen 
 of Athens, because of his integrity and piety and the generous use of 
 his great wealth in public works and in private benefactions. As a 
 general he took a kindly interest in the welfare of his soldiers, and by 
 his prudence gained considerable success (Thuc. III. 51, 91, IV. 42, 
 53, 129), but he lacked energy, promptness, and decision, and was 
 often hampered by superstitious fears (v. Note 48. 7). Sent to Sicily 
 against his will in 415, after many disasters, for which he was himself 
 largely responsible, he met his death at Syracuse in 413. Nicias pre- 
 sents throughout a strong contrast to Laches. Quiet, thoughtful, and 
 mild (v. Notes 49. 34, 50. 19), he is ready to accept new ideas (30. 28), 
 and is fond of argument. He is eminently a theorist, and restricts 
 courage to knowledge. While Laches knows Socrates only on the 
 battle-field, Nicias has attended his instruction as well as the lectures 
 of the sophists (38. 7, 53. 17, 26), so that he is familiar with Socratic 
 doctrines (46. 14) and makes better progress. Each general presents 
 the aspect of courage that is consistent with his own experience, but it 
 is Socrates alone that unites both quahties in his own character and 
 presents a perfect example. 
 
 III. Philosophic Contents., 
 
 The Charmides. 
 
 a. analysis and abstract. 
 
 I. Introduction (7r/ooAoyos), ch. 1-6. 
 
 {a) Socrates returns from Potidaea, and, meeting some friends in 
 the palaestra, tells them of the battle. He then inquires about the 
 young men, and is introduced to Charmides, whose soul is as beauti- 
 ful as his body (ch. 1-3). {b) Socrates poses as a physician, and 
 offers a remedy for Charmides' headache, which must be accompanied 
 by a charm. This consists in fair words, which will cure the soul, the 
 source of good and evil to the body, and impart temperance. Although 
 Critias declares that Charmides already possesses this virtue, the latter 
 consents to submit to an examination (ch. 4-6). 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 II. The Definitions of Charmides (eTrtVaCTi?), ch. 7-9. 
 
 {a) Being asked to define temperance, he replies that it is (ist) quiet- 
 ness, but he is shown that activity is often preferable to inaction, and 
 since temperance is always desirable, this definition cannot stand (ch. 7). 
 {I?) Charmides is urged to regard his inner self rather than outward 
 appearances, and he defines temperance as (2d) modesty. This goes 
 deeper, but modesty is sometimes out of place, while temperance never 
 is (ch. 8). {c) He then quotes the opinion that it is (3d) doitig one's 
 own business ; but all artisans work for other people, so the definition is 
 not clear. Critias, from whom Charmides had borrowed the statement, 
 becomes impatient to define it, and takes his cousin's place (ch. 9). 
 
 III. The Definitions of Critias (irXoKrj), ch. 10-14. 
 
 {a) Critias distinguishes " doing " and *' making," for while work 
 (making) is vulgar, (4th) doing applies only to what is good. From 
 this it would follow that one can be temperate without knowing it, for 
 good may be done unwittingly (ch. 10, 11), {b) This forces home to 
 Critias the importance of knowledge, so he takes a fresh start, and 
 declares temperance to be (5th) self-knowledge. Being asked what is 
 the product of such knowledge, or to what object it is directed, he 
 replies that it differs from all other sciences, for it has no external 
 object or product, but is (6th) the knowledge of itself and of other 
 sciences (ch. 12-14). 
 
 IV. The Discussion of Socrates (Avo-i?), ch. 15-22. 
 
 Taking more definite control of the conversation, Socrates considers 
 {a) the possibility of such knowledge. If we know what we know, we 
 must also know what we do not know. This is neither subjectively nor 
 objectively true of other mental activities, which makes the question 
 more perplexing (ch. 15, 16). We then pass to an examination of 
 {h) the utility of this knowledge (18. 12), which further imphes that 
 we must know what others know and do not know. This cannot be, 
 since temperance does not teach technical details, nor does it make 
 learning easier. In short, we only know that we know and not know 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 (19. 26) (ch. 17, 18). (c) Even if we knew what we know, it would 
 only increase material prosperity, and it is still uncertain wka^ kind of 
 knowledge brings real happiness (ch. 19-21). (^) Critias then sug- 
 gests (7th) the knowledge of good and evil {2 ^i. 29). But if temperance is 
 only a knowledge of knowledge, it can have no part in specific sciences, 
 and since all happiness comes from the knowledge of good and evil, 
 temperance is of no practical utility (ch. 22). 
 
 V. Conclusion (KaTa(TTpo(f>T^) , ch. 23, 24. 
 
 Such a conclusion is absurd, and we have failed to discover the 
 nature of temperance ; the fault must lie in Socrates' stupidity. Char- 
 mides, however, has confidence in him, and resolves to follow his guid- 
 ance in the future. 
 
 Summary of the definitions proposed. 
 
 I. Superficial, (i) Quietness. (2) Modesty. 
 
 II. Universal. A. Action (3) Doing one's business. (4) Doing 
 good. B. Knowledge (5) of self, (6) of knowledge, (7) of good and 
 evil. 
 
 B. RESULTS OBTAINED. 
 
 In the introduction Socrates himself defines temperance as the health 
 of the soul and the control of the body. It is the harmony of all the 
 virtues rather than itself a single virtue (cf. Prot. 330 AB) . Starting 
 with this assumption, Socrates leads the discussion by a gradual 
 development *to the desired end. He rejects the first three definitions 
 as insufficient, and objects to the fourth as superficial, since it lacks 
 the knowledge which is at the basis of right action. The identifica- 
 tion of virtue with knowledge is a genuine Socratic doctrine,^ and 
 when self-knowledge is proposed, we feel that we are on the right 
 track. The discussion of the knowledge of knowledge consumes so 
 much time that it seems more important than it really is. Phto, 
 however, by leaving the investigation unfinished, shows clearly that 
 this course will not lead us to the truth, and Socrates declares (21. 30) 
 
 1 46. 14-15, Mem. III. 9. 5. 
 
xxii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 that all their labor was in vain. He here makes Critias responsible 
 for the definition, and he himself explicitly rejects the linaTrifx-q cTrto-rr;- 
 /xry? in the Theaetetus (200 BC). But when knowledge takes on a 
 moral tone and is limited to the good and evil, Socrates shows by his 
 delight (23. 29 ff., cf. Gorg. 499 B) that the goal has at last been 
 reached, for nowhere else can true utility be found. Now we may 
 weave the tangled threads together, joining good knowledge and the 
 resultant good action to the health of the soul with which we began, 
 and we gain the complete definition of temperance. The result then 
 is only apparently negative, and as in the other earlier dialogues, the 
 intelligent reader is left to draw the conclusion. Socrates has practi- 
 cally demonstrated that cTrio-riJ/xr; l-ma-Trjiiy}^ is not temperance, and his 
 negation of success really applies to this point alone. Charmides, by 
 his determination to follow Socrates, and Critias, by his approval of 
 this course, show that they understand the tnie meaning veiled by the 
 Socratic irony, and are satisfied with the results. Moreover, Socrates 
 himself consents to impart temperance (26. 11), so he must have 
 reached an understanding of its nature. 
 
 The Laches. 
 
 a. analysis and abstract. 
 
 I. Introduction (TrpoXoyos) , ch. 1-8. 
 
 (^) Lysimachus and Melesias wish their sons to have a better edu- 
 cation than they themselves received, and ask the advice of Nicias 
 and Laches regarding the importance of fencing (ch. i, 2). {b) At 
 Laches' suggestion, Socrates, as a philosopher and also a brave soldier, 
 is invited to join their deliberations (ch. 3, 4). {c) Nicias approves 
 of fencing, as tending to strengthen the body, prepare young men 
 for military service, and make them more courageous (ch. 5), but 
 {d) Laches rejects the art because the Spartans do not practise it, 
 and fencing-masters make no better soldiers than other men, though 
 more is expected of them (ch. 6-8). 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXlil 
 
 11. Preparation and Specialization (eTrtrao-ts), ch. 9-16. 
 
 {a) Socrates is asked to cast the deciding vote, but such weighty 
 matters can only be determined by a trained man. He himself is 
 too poor to be taught by the sophists, but the two generals should be 
 well informed on such matters. Since, however, they disagree, they 
 must prove their knowledge by telling who their teachers were, or 
 whom they have taught (ch. 9-11). {p) Nicias is well acquainted 
 with Socrates^ dialectic skill, by which he gives a personal application 
 to every discussion, while Laches has full confidence in him, because 
 he has seen his valiant deeds (ch. 12-14). ('^) Socrates now proposes 
 that, since they wish to make the boys virtuous, they first try to dis- 
 cover what virtue is, or, still better, consider only the nature of courage ^ 
 the part of virtue that fencing claims to produce (ch. 15-16). 
 
 III. The Definition of Laches (ttAok?/), ch. 17-21. 
 
 {a) Laches declares the brave man to be one who stands in line 
 to meet the enemy, but Socrates shows that a man may be brave even 
 in flight, and may exhibit courage in emotion or in poverty (ch. 17-18). 
 {b) Laches now defines courage as constancy of the soul, but, as 
 bravery is a good thing, he is forced to limit it to reasonable constancy. 
 This appears, however, in business and in medical practice, where 
 there is no question of courage, and, on the other hand, the soldier 
 who ignorantly resists superior force is braver than his skilled opponent 
 (ch. 19, 20). {c) Laches is disgusted at his failure (ch. 21). 
 
 IV. The Definition of Nicias (Auo-is), ch. 22-29. 
 
 (d?) Nicias now suggests that courage is the knowledge of things 
 dangerous and safe, but Laches objects that this is also possessed by 
 physicians and farmers. Nicias replies that, at any rate, physicians do 
 not know whether death or recovery will be better for the sick. Only 
 the soothsayer knows the future, says Laches, so he must be brave. 
 Yet, says Nicias, even he does not know whether death is really an 
 evil. Laches thinks this is all foohshness (ch. 22-24). (^) It is sug- 
 gested that the brute beasts are usually considered brave, but Nicias 
 
XXIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 replies that they are ignorant of danger, and so, merely fearless (ch. 
 25, 26). {c) Socrates shows that since fear (8eos) is the expectation 
 of coming evil, danger (ra Setm) lies only in the future, and courage 
 would be the knowledge of simply future good and evil; but since 
 knowledge really admits of no hmitation in time, the definition should 
 read, knowledge (not of danger merely) but of all good a?id evil. This, 
 however, is virtue itself, not one of its parts, and cannot stand as the 
 definition of courage (ch. 27-29). 
 
 V. Conclusion (^KaTa(rTpo<f>ri) , ch. 30, 31. 
 
 Laches rejoices over Nicias' discomfiture, and commends the boys 
 to the care of Socrates. To this Nicias agrees, though he believes that 
 he has himself come near to the truth. 
 
 B. REMARKS. 
 
 The two definitions of Laches are practically one, for the second is 
 only an extension of the first, a more general conception designed to 
 meet the objections advanced by Socrates, but both are finally rejected 
 (45. 9-10). In discussing the definition of Nicias, Socrates assumes 
 that courage is a part of virtue, but he does not prove this, whereas the 
 definition is introduced as Socratic, and is then amplified and improved. 
 In fact, Socrates does not criticise the definition itself, but only its rela- 
 tion to the above supposition, and it is the latter which is really put to 
 the test. If the two disagree, it does not follow that the definition is 
 wrong, but either it or the supposition must be discarded, so that the 
 rejection of the definition (53. 5) is manifestly illogical, and is not 
 seriously intended. As in the Charmides and Lysis, the apparent 
 failure is only a sort of philosophic irony, and it is expected that the 
 reader will form the correct conclusion. Socrates says, it is true, 
 6/Aota>s Travres Iv airopLo. iyevo/xeOa (54. 15), but only because he never 
 raises himself above the other interlocutors, while they would not all 
 express such confidence in him, if he had been unsuccessful. Though 
 Laches admits his failure, Nicias, who is never ironical, claims to be 
 right, and his definition agrees with Prot. 360 D. Moreover, he is a 
 representative Socratic pupil (38. 7, 53. 17, 26), and can understand 
 his master better than the rest. His definition, then, must be accepted. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 and the supposition that virtue is made up of parts cannot stand. In 
 fact, it seems to be the real purpose of the dialogue to show that virtue 
 is single and indivisible, as the Republic and Protagoras teach, and is 
 the knowledge of good and evil j courage is, then, only an example 
 chosen to illustrate this truth. 
 
 The discussion, however, is felt to be incomplete (53. 25-27) ; it 
 needs a better foundation (^e/Saiwo-is) , for it is not proven that virtue 
 is knowledge, and it needs correction (eTrai/op^wcris), since it does not 
 appear what is the real nature of good and evil. These points are 
 given full treatment in the Protagoras, so that the Laches merely serves 
 to prepare the way for the greater dialogue. 
 
 The Lysis. 
 
 a. abstract and analysis. 
 
 L Introduction^ ch. 1-3. 
 
 Socrates meets some young friends and learns of Hippothales' 
 extravagant love. They enter a palaestra, where Socrates offers to 
 teach Hippothales dialectic as a better means of success than poetry. 
 
 II. Socrates and Lysis ^ ch. 4-6. 
 
 Socrates shows Lysis that his parents' loving restraint is intended to 
 confine him to those occupations with which he is sufficiently acquainted 
 to be of some use. This is also true in trade and politics. Friendship 
 is based on utility. 
 
 III. Socrates and Menexenus, ch. 7-9. 
 
 When one man loves another without return, which is the friend? 
 Both are not, since one does not love, nor can we say neither is, for 
 there are friends of wine, of wisdom ; not the lover, nor yet the loved 
 one, for each might be the friend of his enemy, which is absurd. 
 
 IV. Socrates, Lysis, and Menexenus, ch. 10-18. 
 
 {a) Does like love like ? The bad cannot, for they are never at 
 unity with each other. The good cannot be the friend of the good. 
 
XXVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 since like cannot add anything to like, and without benefit there is 
 no friendship (ch. lo, ii). {/?) Nor can the unlike be friends, for 
 the good cannot love the bad (ch. 12). {c) The indifferent (neither 
 good nor bad) is friend to the good, but only when there is an addi- 
 tion of the bad. So the body needs a physician only when sick (ch. 
 13, 14). {d) But friendship must have a reason and a purpose. So 
 the body needs medicine for the sake of health. Yet health is not an 
 end in itself, and we must seek that end which alone is loved for its 
 own sake, and of which all else is but the shadow (ch. 15, 16). 
 {e) We love the good, because it is a remedy for the adherent bad. 
 Yet if there were no such thing as bad, we should still love the good, 
 for there are desires which are merely indifferent (hunger). Therefore 
 friendship is really due to the presence of desire, not to the adherence 
 of the bad. We desire what we have lost, what belongs to us {oIkuov) 
 (ch. 17). (/) This last is true only if our own {oIkuov) is different 
 from the like (o/xotov), and so we assume it to be. Since we love the 
 good and also our own, is the good identical with our own, and does 
 the good belong to every one, or only the good to the good and the 
 bad to the bad? The boys accept the latter alternative, and since like 
 does not love like, the discussion has been fruitless (ch. 18). 
 
 V. Epilogue. The boys have to go home (75. 31-76. 10). 
 
 B. REMARKS. 
 
 The Lysis treats of many emotions, not of friendship alone, and 
 their common basis is desire. The foundation thought, from which 
 the discussion starts, is that all desire is directed toward the useful 
 (62. 25-26), and this is repeated at the close (75. 10). The example 
 of parents' love to children (II.) is chosen because it is extreme, and 
 so proves the universality of the rule. 65. 1 5-1 7 shows that the parents 
 do not seek selfish utility. Plato then demonstrates (III.) the falsity 
 of the usual conceptions of friendship, and finally (IV.) comes to the 
 conclusion that the good is the highest object of desire. The appar- 
 ent failure of the discussion lies merely in the thoughtless answer of the 
 boys. They forget that, as they have just said, the like is different from 
 our own, while if the good belongs to the good, like would belong to 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXVU 
 
 like, and like be the same as our own. Therefore, the good can only 
 belong to the unlike, i.e. to the indifferent. If we, however, do what 
 the boys failed to do, and admit that the good belongs to every one, we 
 obtain a positive and logical result. The good has an absolute value, 
 and the desire for the good is the basis not only of friendship, but of 
 every human aspiration. 
 
 Though the Lysis seems like a comparatively slight performance, it 
 contains the germs of all Platonic philosophy, and is closely related to 
 several important dialogues (v. p. xxv). The nature of the good is 
 treated more fully in the Protagoras and Gorgias ; in fact, the latter 
 work makes the same division of good, bad, and indifferent (467 E, 
 cf. Sym. 202 B), and repeats that desire which looks beyond the pres- 
 ent object to the final good (468 B). The Phaedrus^ continues in a 
 poetic form the idea that the good is our original possession, and the 
 Symposium ^ studies the desires more carefully, and elaborates the con- 
 ception that love arises from seeking its own, which it has lost. 
 
 There is a tradition that Socrates read the Lysis and exclaimed, " By 
 Heracles, how many lies this young man has told about me." Although 
 the story may be a mere invention, the elementary nature of the dia- 
 logue, both in structure and contents, makes it probable that it is the 
 earliest of the Platonic dialogues. Certain linguistic tests (v. p. x), 
 the beauty of its style, and its advance on the pure Socratic teaching 
 have induced some scholars to put it much later, but statistics in such 
 matters can only be confirmatory, not determinative : the literary 
 excellence is characteristic of youthful fancy rather than of matured 
 art, and in his first essay Plato may have taken steps ahead of his 
 master, which it did not suit his purpose to take in the succeeding 
 dialogues of the earlier period. 
 
 IV. Chronology of the Dialogues. 
 
 The dialogues with which the Charmides has the closest affinity are 
 the Lysis, Laches, and Protagoras. Both the dramatic form and philo- 
 
 1 Ast compares 66. 34 and Phr. 255 B inter al. 
 
 2 62. 20-9 and Sym. 205 E, 66. 20-5 and Sym. 195 B, 68. 13-19 and Sym. 186 D, 
 70. 26-33 and Sym. 204 A. 
 
xxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 sophic contents of the Lysis connect it very closely with the Char- 
 mides. In the Lysis only boys participate, and Socrates suggests their 
 answers to them ; in the Charmides a full-grown man appears, who 
 uses his own experience and draws his own conclusions, so that the 
 discussion is deeper and more independent. The Lysis teaches that 
 human endeavor is not worthy in itself, but only when directed toward 
 the highest good; the Charmides, that the sciences, which aid this 
 endeavor, must seek the same end. In the one dialogue the good is 
 praised, in the other the knowledge of the good. The Charmides 
 extends the views propounded in the Lysis and must be later. The 
 Laches also employs the same method of investigation as the Char- 
 mides. Both attack the virtues first from their external side, then 
 pass, with a change of interlocutor (so also the Gorgias), to deeper 
 aspects of the question ; both uphold the knowledge of the good 
 (v. 52. 32). The Laches, however, states the result more clearly, and 
 hints at the existence of separate virtues, which the Charmides does 
 not recognize. It thus marks the transition to the Protagoras, where 
 the single virtues are distinguished, and by their common reference to 
 the knowledge of good are made to prove the unity of virtue (Note 
 40. 31). The Lysis, Charmides, and Laches are so closely related that 
 Christ believes they were published in one volume by Plato himself 
 some time before 390. We cannot fix the date more precisely, for it 
 must always remain uncertain whether Plato published anything before 
 the death of Socrates.^ Scholars are very evenly divided on this ques- 
 tion, and after all it is more or less a matter of individual feeling. It 
 is hardly Hkely that our dialogues were intended to serve any but a 
 philosophic purpose, unless it be to honor the memory of Socrates. 
 Steinhart, however, suggests that the Charmides was written in 404, in 
 order to win back Critias and Charmides to a better life, while Teich- 
 miiller holds that Plato (about 393) is defending his relatives against 
 the aspersions contained in Xenophon's Memorabilia. He conceives 
 the Charmides to be a sort of criticism or recension of this work, 
 wherein Plato also ridicules certain philosophic doctrines set forth by 
 Xenophon (Note 12. 26). The genuineness of the Charmides, Laches, 
 
 1 Grote (Plato, I. 328-334) gives a good summary of the arguments for the nega- 
 tive. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xxix 
 
 and Lysis is so generally accepted that it is hardly necessary to defend 
 them against the attacks of Ast and Schaarschmidt, whose criticism 
 is so severe that they accept the one only fourteen, the other only nine 
 dialogues. Their literary excellence, their Platonic diction, and their 
 agreement with the greater dialogues place them above suspicion. It 
 is only fair to say, however, that the Lysis does not stand on quite so 
 sure a footing as the Charmides and Laches. 
 
XAPMIAH2: 
 
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 3. 'E/xot piev ovv, a) eTalpe, ovBev aTaOp^r^Tov • are^i^o)? yap 
 XevKrj (TTdOp^rj elpX irpo^ tov<; Ka\ov<^ • (T')(eBov ^ydp rt /-tot 
 Traz^re? 01 ev Trj rjXiKta KaXol (^aivovTai ' UTap ovv Brj Kal 
 T0T6 eKelvo<^ ip^ol OavpiaaTO'^ i(f)dv7j to re pLeye6o<; Kal to 
 
 20 /ca\A-09, ol Be Brj dWoc irdvTe'i epav epiotye eBoKovv avTOv ' 
 oi/Tft)? eKireirXr^y pevoL re Kal TeOopv^Tjpevoi rjdav, r]viK elar}eL' 
 TToWol Be Br) dXXoL ipaaTal Kal ev roZ? oinaOev eCirovTO. Kal 
 TO pbev TjpeTepov to tcov dvBpcdv tjttov Oavp^aaTov rjv • aXX' 
 iyoD Kal T0t9 Tratal Trpocrea'^^ov tov vovv, o)? ovBeU dWoa 
 
 25 efiXeirev avTcov, ovB^ oaTt^; o-pLCKpoTaTO^; rjv, aXXa irdvTe<; 
 (ixnrep dyaXpa iOecovTO avTov, 
 
 K.al 6 ^aipe(f)(x)V KaXeaa^ pe, Ttf crot (jyaiveTat 6 veaVi<TKO<^, 
 e(j)r], a) ^a)KpaTe<; ; ovk eimpocrayTro^ ; 'T7rep(f)V(o<;, rjV 8' eyca. 
 OuTO? pievTOi, e(j)r), el edeXoi airoBvvaL, Bo^ec aoi air pocr cotton 
 
 30 elvai ' ovT(0(; to eISo9 7rdyKaX6<; iaTtv. ^vvecfyaaav ovv Kal ol 
 dXXoL TavTO, TavTa Ta> ^aupe^SiVTi ' Kayo), 'HpdKXet^, ecfyrjv^ 
 ft)9 dpa')(ov XeyeTe tov dvBpa, el €tl avTW ev Brj puovov Tvy^^^dveL 
 TTpoaov apLKpov Ti. Tl; €(J>t] 6 K.piTia^. Et Trjv '>\rV')(riv, rjv 
 8' 670), Tvyx^dvei ev rrecfiVKoyi. irpeTrei Be ttov, & K.pLTLa, 
 
XAPMIAHS. 3 
 
 TOiovTov avTov elvai Trj<; ye t'/xerejoa? ovra olKia<;. 'AW, ecf^r), 
 TTOLVV Koko^ KCLfyaOo^ eanv kol ravra. Tt ovv, ecfyrjv, ov/c aire- 
 Bvaa/iev avrov avro tovto /cal iOeaad/xeOa irporepov rov etSof? ; 
 Traz/TO)? yap ttov TT)\t/covTO<; wv tJSt] iOeXet hiakeyeaOai. Kat 
 Trdvv ye, €(f)i] 6 l^pirla^, eireC rot /cal eartv ^Ckoao^o^ re /cat, 5 
 o)? hoKel dWoL<^ re ical ifiavra), ttolvv TroLrjrtKo^;. Tovto fiev, 
 r}V 8* eyco, w cfiiXe KpcTia, iroppcoOev vfuv to koXov vTrdp')(eL 
 CLTTO T^9 ^6\covo<; avyyevela^. aWa tC ov/c eVeSetf a? /jlol top 
 veavLav KaXecra^ Bevpo ; ovBe yap Sij ttov el eTvy')(^avev ctl 
 V6Q}T€po<: (ov, al(T')^pou av Tjv avTcp hLaXeyecrOai rjfuv evavTiov ye 10 
 croO, eTriTpoTTOv re dpba teal aveylnov oWo?. 'AXXa /caXw?, ecf)!], 
 \eyet9, /cal /caXco/iev avTOV. /cal dfjia tt/oo? tov clkoXovOov, Yial, 
 e^T), KdXei l^apfjLiBrjv, eiTTCov otl ^ovXo/jLat avTov laTpq> avaTrj- 
 (Tai irepl tt)? da6evei,a<i ^9 Trpwrjv 7rp6<^ fie eXeyev otl daOevol. 
 7r/309 ovv ifie 6 KjOtrta?, "Ftvayxo^ tol e(j)7j fiapvveaOaC tl Tr)v 15 
 KeipaXrjv ecoOev avL(TTd/ievo<i • dXXa tl ae KcoXvet irpoaTroLricTa- 
 aOai irpb^ avTOV eTrCaTaaOal tl Ke(^aXrj'i ^dp/xa/cov ; OuSev, 
 TjV 8' eyd)' fjLovov iXdeTCO. 'AW ^fet, e<^?;. 
 
 4. "Orrep ovv /cal eyeveTO. rj/ce ydp, /cal iwoLrjae yeXcoTa 
 TToXvv e/caaTOf; yap y/JL(ov tmv /caOrj/jLevcov avy^copcov tov ttXt)- 20 
 aiov eoyOeL aTrovBrj, Lva Trap' avTW KaOe^oLTO, eo)? tmv eV ia')(^dT(p 
 /caOrjfjievcov tov /jlcv dvea-TrjaafJiev, tov Be irXdyLov /caTe/SdXo/xev. 
 6 B' eXOoDV fxeTa^i) efxov re Kal tov l^pLTLOV e/cade^eTO. ivTavOa 
 fievTOL, w <f>LXe, eyco rjBr) rjTropovv, KaC /jlov r/ irpoaOev 6pao-VTr}<; 
 e^e/ce/coTTTO, rjv el')(pv eyco &)? wdvv paBi(o<; avTU) BLaXe^o/JLevof; • 25 
 eTreLBrj Be, (fypdaavTO^; tov J^pLTiov otl iyo) eLrjv 6 to ^dpjxaKOV 
 iiTLaTd/jLevo^, eve^Xe-yjrev re /jlol tol^; 6(f>6aX/jLOL<; d/jLij')^av6v tl 
 olov /cal dvrjyeTO ax; epcoTrjawv, Kal ol ev Ty TraXalaTpa dirav- 
 re? irepLeppeov rjfJLd'i kvkXco /co/jllBtj, roVe Bij, a> yevvdBa, elBov re 
 Ta evTO'^ TOV IfiaTLOv Kal ecjyXeyo/jLrjv Kal ovKer ev ifxavTOV r)V 30 
 Kal evojjLLaa (T0(f)(OTaT0V elvaL tov ILvBlav tcl epcoTLKd, 6? elirev 
 eirl KoXov Xeycov TraLBo^;, aXXco viroTLOefxevo^, evXa^elaOaL 
 fiT) KaTevavTa XeovTO^ ve^pov iXdovTa f f fiolpav 
 alpelaOaL Kpeoiv auro? ydp jjlol eBoKovv viro tov tolovtov 
 
4 HAATONOS 
 
 OpefifiaTOf; eaXcoKevai. o/JLa^; Be avTov ipcoT^qaavTO^;, el eTriarai- 
 fjLTjv TO T779 Ke(f)a\7]<; ^dpfjuaKOV, /xo^t? tto)? a7reKptvd/ii7]v ore 
 iTTKTTaifJLrjv. Tt ovv, Tf 8* 09, ecTTiv ; Koi iyo) elirov on avro 
 /JL€V elrj (j)vWov tl, eTTwSr) Be rt? eVt rw (papfid/co) ecij, r)v 
 5 ei fiev Ti? eiraBoL dfia kol %/o«to avTw, iravrdiraaiv vyid iroiol 
 TO ^dpfxaKOV dvev Be ttj'; irrrcpBr]^ ovBev 6(l)e\o^ elr] tov (j)v\- 
 Xov. KOL 09, * ATToypdyjrofjiat toivvv, €(f)ri, irapd aov ttjv iiro)- 
 Bi]V. UoTepov, rjv B' iy(o, edv fxe ireidrj'i rj kclv jxt) ; ye\daa<i 
 ovv, *Eaz^ ae TrelOa), €(j)rf, o) ^coKpaTe^;. Elez^, rjv B' iyd) • kol 
 
 10 Tovvofjbd /JLOV av aKpi^ol^ ; Et fxr] uBlkco ye, e^rj' ov ydp tl 
 (TOV oX,t709 X0709 eaTlv iv T0I9 yfieTepoi^; rfkLKKOTaL^, ixepLvr^ixai 
 Be eycoye koi iral^ wv J^ptTia TwBe avvovTa ae. KaXco9 ye av, 
 r)V 3' eyd), ttolmv • fxaXkov ydp aoi TrappTjatdao/jiaL Trepl t^9 
 eircpBrj^, oXa Tvy^^dvei ovaa • dpTt B' rjiropovv, tCvl TpOTrqy aoL 
 
 15 ivBet^aifjLrjv ttjv Bvvafjbcv avTyj^. eaTi ydp, a> ^^ap/JLiBr], TOiavTrj 
 ola pJi) BvvaaOai ttjv KecjyaXrjv fjLovov vyid irocelv, d\X coairep 
 va(o^ 77877 Kol av ciKrjicoa'^ t6)v dyaOoiv laTpojv, iirecBdv Ti9 
 avToh TTpoaeXdr) tou9 oipOaXfiois dXycov, Xeyovat ttov, otl ou^ 
 olov re avTois jnovov^ iinxetpelv tou9 6(l)0aXfjLOv<; idaOai, dXX 
 
 20 dvayKolov ^dv* eorj dfia koI ttjv Ke(f)aXr)v OepaireveLV, el fieXXot 
 KOL TCb Tcov o/jLfidTcov ev €^eiv • KOI av TO Trjv Ke^aXr}v oXeaOat 
 dv TTOTe Oepairevaai avTrjv icf/ eavTrjf; dvev oXov tov adifiaTO^ 
 TToXXrjv dvoiav etvat. i/c Br) tovtov tov Xoyov BiaiTai^ eirl jrdv 
 TO aco/jia TpeTrojxevoL fxeTa tov oXov to /jLepo<; e7n')(^eipovaiv Oepa- 
 
 25 ireveiv re koi Idadac • rj ov/c rjadrjaat otl TavTa ovtco<; Xeyovalv 
 T€ KOL e'X^eL ; Hdvv ye, ecftr). Ovkovv KaX(0<; aoL BoKel Xeye- 
 aOaL KOL a'TroBe')(eL tov Xoyov; HdvTcov fidXLaTa, ecjyt]. 
 
 5. J^dyco UKOvaa^ avTOv eiraLveaavTO^ dveOdpprjad re, /cal 
 fjLOL fcaTa a/JLLKpbv irdXiv 77 6paavTy<; avvrjyeipeTO, kol dve^(07rv- 
 
 30 pov/JLTjv • KOL elirov ToLOVTOV TOLVVv iaTLV, & ^apfxiBrj, /cal to 
 TavTrjf; T779 €770)8779. efiaOov B' avTrjv eyo) eKel eVt aTpaTid<; 
 irapd TLV0<; twv SpaKOJV tcjv ZaX/>toftSo9 laTpoyv, o'l XeyovTaL 
 Kal diraOavaTL^eLv. eXeyevBe 6 Spa^ ovto<;, otl TavTa fxev 
 [laTpoX] ol "^XXrjve^y a vvvBrj iyob eXeyov, KaXm Xeyoiev 
 
XAPMIAHS. 5 
 
 aWa ZdX/jLo^i^, e^rj, Xe^et 6 rjixeTepo^ ^aatXev^, Oecx; mv, oti 
 wairep 6(j>6a\ixov<i aVev KecfiaXrj^ ov Bel i7n')(^eipelv laaOai ovSe 
 Ke(^aXr]v avev o-w/xaro?, ovro)? ovhe (Tcofia avev 'yjrv^^rj^, aXXa 
 TOVTO ical aiTLov eXri rod Siacjievyetv tov<; irapa rol^ "^XXtjctlv 
 larpois ra ttoXXu voarifiaTa, on to oXov aypoolev ov Beot ryv 5 
 iTTt/jLeXeiav TroielaOac, ov /jlt) KaX(x)<; €')(Ovto^ aByvarov etrj to 
 fjbdpo^ ev ex^LV. TrdvTa jap e(f>7} i/c ri}? 'xjrv'x^r]^ oopfirjcrOaL /cal 
 TO, KaKOL Kal TCL ujaOa tcd aco/juaTL Koi ttuvtI tQ) avOpwirw, koI 
 i/celOev iirippelv wcnrep eic ttj'? /ce^aXi)? iirl to, o/JL/juaTa • Belv 
 ovv eKelvo Kal TrpcoTOV /cal fidXtcTTa Oepaireveiv, el fieXXei Kal 10 
 TCL Trj<; K6(f)aX7]^ Kal to, tov dXXov aQ)/iiaTO<; /caXco? e^^tv. Oepa- 
 irevecrOaL Be ttjv yfrvx^rjv e(f)i], a) jxaKapie, ejrwBal^ Tiaiv • ra? 
 8' eTTcpBd^ TavTa^; tov<; Xoyov^; elvac Toif? KaXov^ • eK Be tmv 
 T0L0VT(DV Xoycov ev Tal<i ■\^rv')(^al^ a-co(f>poavvr}V eyjiypeadai, ^? 
 eyyevopbevT}'^ Kal irapovarj^ paBiov tjBt] elvac ttjv vyieiav Kal ttj 15 
 Ke(f)aXrj Kal tm dXXq) awixaTi Tropi^ecv. BiBdo-Kcov ovv fie to t€ 
 <f)dpfjiaKOV Kal ra? eirwBd'i, ottoj?, e^rj, tw (jyapfidKO) tovto) /jlt)- 
 Bek ae ireiaet Tr)V avTOV Ke(f>aX7jv depaireveiv, 09 dv fjurj ttjv 
 '\jrV')(^r}V TTpwTOV 7rapda')(^rj ttj eTrcpBy viro orov 6epa7rev6rjvat. Kal 
 yap vvVj €<f)7]j TOVT ecTTLv TO dfjLdpTrjfJLa irepl toxs dvOpoyiTOV^, 20 
 OTi %a)/3fc9 CKaTepov laTpoi Tcve<i iTrix^tpovatv elvat • Kac fiot 
 irdvv (T^oBpa eveTeXXeTO fjur/Te irXovaiov ovtco /jLijBeva elvac fxrjTe 
 yevvalov /JiijTe koXov, 69 ejxe irecaec dXXco^ irocelv. iyoy ovv — 
 ofKOfioKa yap avTO), Kac fioc dvdyKr) irecdeaOac — irecao/jcac ovv, 
 Kal (Toc, edv fiev ^ovXy KaTcc Td<; tov ^evov evToXd^; Tr]v yjrv^^^rjv 25 
 TrpojTOV 'Trapaa')(elv eiraaac Tal^ tov SpaKo^i eircpBacf;, irpoaocaco 
 TO (fydp/iiaKOV Trj Ke(f>aXy • el Be /jc^, ovk dv e')(pcixev 6 tc Trocolfiev 
 (TOC, & (j)cXe ^ap/JLcBr]. 
 
 6. 'AKOuaa^; ovv fiov 6 K.pCTca<; TavT et7roWo9, '^ppLalov, 
 e(j)r], (5 'EwKpaTe^, yey ov6<; dv ecij rj T7)9 Ke(f)aXrj^ daOeveca tm 30 
 veavcaKcp, el dvayKaaOrjaeTac Kal ttjv Bcdvocav Bed ttjv Ke(j)aXr)V 
 ^eXTL(ov yeveaOac. Xeyco fievTOL aot, otl 'KapfiiBr}^ tcov r/XtKico- 
 T(av ov /jLovov Trj IBea Bokcl Bia(f)€peLV, dXXd Kal avTcp tovtq), ov 
 av (f)7J<i TTJV iirqyBrjv eyeiv <^?79 Be croxppoavvrj^; • rj ydp ; Udw 
 
6 HAATfiNOS 
 
 76, rjv 8* €706. E5 Toivvv l(t6l, ecj^r), on TrXelaroi^ BoKel aca^po- 
 veararof; elvai tmv vvvl, koX raXka irdvTa, eh oaov rjXiKLa^ 
 rjKeL, ovSevo^ ^(eLpwv cov. Kat ^dp, rjv 8' e<y(i), koL Bi/caLov, & 
 ^ap/JLiBrj, Bta^epeiv ae t(ov dWcov Trdaiv rot? tolovtol'; • ov 
 5 rydp olfJLat dWov ovheva tmv ivOdhe pahiw^ av ex^tv iinSel^aL, 
 TTolai hvo OLKiai avveXOovaac eh ravrov rcav ^ A.Or}vr)aiv etc twv 
 evKOTCOV KaWCco av koL dixelv(o ryevvrjaeiav rj ef wv av y€yova<;. 
 7} re yap irarpwa viuv olKia, rj J^pLTiov rov ApcoiriSov, Kal viro 
 ^ KvaKpeovTO^ Kal vtto 2oXa)z^o9 Kal vtt dWcov ttoWcov ttolt]- 
 
 10 tS)V iyKeKCO/jLLaa/JLevT) wapaBeBoraL rjiuv, o)? Biacj^epovaa KdWet 
 re Kal dperrj Kal rfj dXkr) Xeyo/JLevrj evSac/JLOVia' Kal av 97 tt/oo? 
 fjir]Tp6^ ayaavTco^ • UvpiXd/JLTrov^ yap rov aov deCov ovBeh rSiV 
 iv rr)irelp(p Xeyerat KaXXicov Kal fjiei^cov avrjp Bo^ai elvai, oad- 
 Ki^ eKelvo<^ 7) irapa /xeyav /SaaiXea 7) rrapa dXXov nva irpea- 
 
 15 jSevcov d(j)LKero, av/jL7raaa Be avrr) rj OiKia ovBev tt)? erepa^ 
 vTToBeearepa. eK Br) rotovrcov yeyovora elKO'^ ae et? irdvra 
 irpoyrov elvai. ret fiev ovv opcofieva rrj^ lBea<;, a> (fycXe rral 
 TXavKCOvo^, BoKeh fioL ovBeva rcov irpo aov iv ovBevl viro^e^T]- 
 Kevat • el Be Br) Kal irpo'? aco^po(TVV7]V Kal 'irpo<; raXXa Kara 
 
 20 rov rovBe Xoyov lKav(o<; 7re0u«a9, fiaKdpLov ae, rjv B' eyco, & 
 <j)iXe X-ap/jLiBr), 97 fJiijrrjp ercKrev. e-^^ei B' ovv ouro)?. el fxev 
 croc rjBr) irdpeanv, qj? Xeyei Kptrta? oBe, acocjipoavvr) Kal el 
 aco^pcov iKavco'i, ovBev ere aov Bel ovre rS)v ZaX/x6^LBo<^ ovre 
 rchv ^ A-^dpiBo^ rov ^Tirepfiopeov eiroiBoyv, a\X* avro aoi av rjBr) 
 
 25 Boreov elr) ro rrj<; Ke(l)aXrj<i ^dpfjuaKOV • el B* en rovrcov e7nBer)<; 
 elvai BoKeL<;, eiraareov irpo tt}? rov <j)ap/JidKOV Boaeco^. avro<; 
 ovv jJLOL elire, irorepov ofioXoyeh rwBe Kal (f)fj<; lKava)<; rjBr) 
 aa)(f)poa"uvr)^ pLere')(eLV r) evBer)^ elvai; ^KvepvSpidaa^ ovv 6 
 ^apfjLiBr)^ Trpcorov jiiev en KaXXicov ecfydvr] • Kal yap rb ala')(yv- 
 
 30 rrjXbv avrov rrj r)XiKia eTrpeyjrev' eireira Kal ovk ayevv(b<; aire- 
 Kpivaro • elirev yap on ov paBiov elr) iv rep rrapovri ov9* 6/jloXo- 
 yeiv ovre i^dpvay elvai ra ipcordofjieva. iav fxev ydp, r) B* 09, fir) 
 <^oi) elvai a(0(f)pQ)v, dfia jiev droirov avrov KaO^ eavrov roiavra 
 Xeyeiv, d/jia Be Kal ILpiriav rovBe '\jrevBr) iiriBei^co Kal ciXXov<i 
 
XAPMIAHS. 7 
 
 TToWoik, oh Bo/cco elvat aco^pcov, &>? o tovtov X0709 • iav 3* 
 av <f>(a Koi i/JLavrov iiraLva), tacofi €7ra;^^e? ^avelraL • loaTe ov/c 
 ej^ft) o Tt cot aTTOKpLVco/jLai. K.al iyci) elirov otl jjlol euKora <^aC- 
 v€i Xeyetv, & ^ap/JLcSr). kul jjlol Bokcl, rjv 8' iyco, /coLvrj av elvaL 
 o-Keirreov, elre KeKTrjaai elre /jlt) o TrvvOdvoixai, Xva firjre av 5 
 avayKci^rj Xeyeiv a fjir) ^ovXet, ixrjT av iycD a(TK€7rTco<; iirl rrjv 
 larpcKyv rpeTrcop^at. el ovv aoc <j>t\ov, iOeXco orKOirelv fxera 
 <TOV' el Se jxr}, iav. 'AXXa iravroav /jLoXcara, ecf)?], ^lXov 
 mare tovtov ye eve/ca, oirrj avTO<!; ocec ^eXTtov ^av* (TKeyjraadai, ^ 
 
 TaVTTJ (TKOireL. i/^IO 
 
 7. T^Se TOLVVV, e(f)r]v iyco, BoKec jjlol ^eXTiaTJ) elvaL r) aKe-yjrLf; 
 irepl avTOV. hrjXov yap otl, el aoL irdpecTTLV aco(l>pO(TVvr}, e;\;ei<? 
 TL irepl avT7]<; Bo^d^eLv. dvdyKr) ydp irov ivovaav avTr^v, eiTrep 
 evecTTLV, aoadrjaLV TLva irape^^ecv, ef ^9 Bo^a av tl<; (tol irepl 
 
 aVTTJ^ eCTJ, 6 TL i(TTLV Kal OTTOloV TL 7) (JW^pOdVVT)' 7] OVK OCeL ; 1 5 
 
 ''^ycoye, e(f)r], ol/jbaL. Ovkovv tovto ye, ecfiijv, b oXeL, iireLBrjTrep 
 eXXrjVL^eLV iiriaTaaaL, kclv etiroL^ Brjirov avTO 6 rt aoL cfyaiveTaL; 
 "lo-o)?, e(f)T]. "\va TOLVVV Toirdacofiev etre aoL eveaTLv eLTe firj, 
 elire, rjv B* iyco, tl ^779 elvaL acocfypoavvrjv KaTo, ttjv arjv Bo^av. 
 Kal 09 TO fjLev irpoiTOV wKveL re Kal ov iravv rjOeXev airoKplva- 20 
 adaL ' eireLTa fievTOL elirev otl ol BokoI crw^poavvT] elvaL to 
 K0a/JLLC0(; irdvTa irpaTTCLv fcal 'q(TV')(ri, ev re Tat9 o8ot9 ^aBl^eiv 
 Kal BLaXeyecrOaL, Kal Ta dXXa iravTa cocravTCO^ TTOLelv Kai /jlol 
 BoKel, €(f)rj, avXXrj^Briv ^av^^^LOTrj^i tl<; elvaL 6 ipcoTa^. 
 
 *A/9' ovv, rjv 8* iycii, ev XeyeL<; ; <f)aaL ye tol, a> ^apfxlBi), tov9 25 
 ^oV')^L0V<; a(0(f)pova<; elvaL' XBcofiev Br) et tl Xeyovo-LV. elire ydp 
 fjLOL, ov T(OV KaXwv fievTOL rj acocppoa-vvr} iaTLV ; Udvv ye, ecprj. 
 UoTepov ovv koXXlov iaTLV iv ypajjifiaTLaTOV Ta ofjLOLa ypdfi- 
 fiaTa ypd(j)eLv Ta')(y ^ V^^XV > Ta^j^u. Tt 8' dvayLyvwaKeLV ; 
 Ta')(^6(t}^ Tj ^paBeod^ ; Ta'x^eco^;. Kat fiev Brj Kal to KLOapi^eLV 30 
 Ta')(e(o<i Kal to TraXaleLV o^ew^ iroXv KdXXLOV tov r]av')(ri re Kal 
 ^paBecof; ; Nat'. Tt Be ; irvKTeveLv t€ Kal irayKpaTLd^eLV ov^ 
 coaavTOx; ; Udvv ye. Selv Be Kal dXXeaOaL Kal Ta tov ad)fia- 
 T09 diravTa epya, ov tcl fiev 6^eco<; Kal Ta'xy yLyvo^ieva Ta tov 
 
8 HAATftNOS 
 
 /caXov iaTLV, ra Be /jlojc^; re Kal 'q(TV')(r} ra rov alay^pov ; <J>at^ 
 verat. ^aiverai apa qiMV^ e(f)r}V iycb, Kara ye to aay/jua ou to 
 r](TV')(^iov, aWa to Tci'X^LaTOV /cal o^VTaTOV /cdWtaTOV 6v. r) yap ; 
 Udvv ye. 'H Be ye aw^poavvr] /caXov tl yv ; Nat". Ou tolvvv 
 5 fcaTo. ye to aSdjia rj iQav^^^toTrj^; av aXX rj Ta'^VTr]^ acocfypoveaTe- 
 pov ecrj, eTrecBr) /caXbv rj acocfypoavvr). "EtOi/cev, ecj^rj. Tt Be ; r]V 
 B^ iyco, evfiaOCa koXXlov rj Bvajiadla ; ^vfiaOia. "RaTCV Be 
 y, €^r]v, Tj pkv evfiaOia Ta'x^eco'; fjuavOdvecv ; rj Be BvafiaOla 
 V^^XV '^^^ PpaBeco^ ; Nat. AiBdcrKeLV Be dWov ov Ta')(^e(o<i 
 
 10 fcdWiov Kal a(j)6Bpa fiaXkov rj rjcrv')(ri re Kal fipaBem; Nat. 
 Ti Be ; ava/jLifJLvyo-KeaOat Kal ixejivrjcrOai r](TyxV '^^ '^"^ /SpaBeco^; 
 KaWiov 7j (T(^6Bpa Kal Tax^o)<; ; ^(^6Bp\ ec^rj, Kal Ta;)^ea)9. 'H 
 B' ay')(^LV0La ovyl 6^vtt]<; rt? eaTtv tt)? '»/^f%^9, aXX' ou^t r)(TV')(^ia ; 
 *A\7]6ri. OvKovv Kal to avvievai to, Xeyofxeva, Kal ev ypa/JL/iaTC- 
 
 15 aTOV Kal KiOapLCTTOV Kal olWoOl 7ravTa')(pv^ ov'^ w? rjav^^^aiTaTa 
 aX)C oj? Td')(^L(TTd eaTL KdWiaTOV ; Nai. 'AXXa jjltjv ev ye 
 Tal^ ^TjTijo-eo-LV tt)? yjrv^^^fj^; Kal tw ^ovkevecrOai ou;^ o i^(7V^L(o- 
 TaTO^, 0)9 ey(b ol/jLac, Kal fxoyi^ ^ov\ev6fiev6<; t€ Kal avevpiaKcov 
 eiraivov BoKel d^to^ elvai, dW 6 pacrTa re Kal Td')(^i(TTa tovto 
 
 20 BpS)V. "E(7Ttz^ TavTay e^rj. Ovkovv irdvTa, rjv B* eyco, & ^ap- 
 /jliBt], rjiJilv Kal Ta irepl ttjv ■\jrv')^r)v Kal Ta Trepl to aco/jua, Ta tov 
 Td')(pv^ re Kal ttj^ o^vttjto^; KaWtco (^aiveTai 7} Ta ttj'^ ^paBv- 
 ttJto? re Kal 'i^av')(^L6T7)T0^ ; K.LvBvvevet, e(j)r). Ovk dpa rjav- 
 ')(^l6t7]<; tl^ t) aaxppoawr) dv etr], ovB' i^av'^^Lo^ 6 acocjipcov /3io(;, 
 
 25 €K ye TOVTOV TOV \6yov, i'TreiBr) KaXov avTov Bel elvai awc^pova 
 ovTa. BvoLV yap Br) Ta eTepa, rj ovBa/jLov i^/jllv rj irdvv wov 
 oXcya'x^ov at r]av')(^ioi Trpd^ei^ ev tm yS/o) KaXXiov<; ecfydvrjaav rj 
 al Ta'x^elal re Kal i(T')(ypai. el B' ovv, w 0tXe, o rt /xdXiaTa 
 IxrjBev eXdTTOV<^ al r)Gvyioi tmv a^oBpoiv re Kal Ta')(eL(av irpd- 
 
 30 ^ewv Tvy')(^dvovaLV KaXXiov; ovaac, ouBe TavTrj aco^poavvr] dv 
 elr) fjidXXdv tl to rjav')(r) irpdTTeiv tov a(f)6Bpa re Kal Tax^a)<;, 
 ovTe ev ^aBta/JLO) ovTe ev Xe^ei ovTe aXXoOi pvBa/jiOV, ovBe 6 
 r}(TV')(^io<i I^LO^i TOV fir) r]av')(^LOV acoc^poveaTepo^ dv elr), eireiBr) ev 
 TO X6y(p TOiV KaXfov tl rj/Jilv r) aw^poavvr) vTreTeOr), KaXd Be 
 
XAPMIAHS. 9 
 
 0^% r}TTOV ^TCL* Ta')(€a T(f)v r/a-v^^Lcov 'ire(f)avrai. *Op6a)<; fioi 
 So/cet?, e</)77, a> ^coKpare^, elprjKevac. 
 
 8. UciXlv tolvvv, rjv 8' €7(0, a> ^ap/JLiSrj, fidWov 7r/30(7e^a)i/ 
 Tov vovv Kol et? aeaVTOv aTro/SXeylra^;, evvorjaa^ oirolov nvd ae 
 TTOiel Tj aco(f)poavvr} irapovaa Kal irola rt? ovaa tocovtov airep- 5 
 yd^oiTO dv, irdvra ravra avWoyLadfX€VO<; elire ev kol dvBp6L(o<;, 
 TL aoi cj)aLV€Tai elvat ; Kal 69 eVto-^^cbz^ /cal irdw dvhpLKO}^ 7rp6<; 
 kavTOV SiaaKeyjrdfievof;, AoKel tolvvv /jlol, ecpr], ala')(yveaSai ttol- 
 elv 7] crcocfypoavvr} Kal aia')(yvTr)\ov tov dvOpwirov, Kal elvat oirep 
 alSa)<; 7} acocfypoavvrj. Fthv, rjv 8' ijd), ov KaXov dpTt ay/jLoXoyet^ 10 
 TTjv aai(f>poavv7]V elvat ; Hdvv y, ecfyrj. Ovkovv Kal ctyadol 
 dvhpe^ ol (TQ)(f)pove^ ; Nat. *Ap* ovv av elrj dyaOov, fjLrj dya- 
 6ov^ direpyd^eTat; Ov BrjTa. Ov fiovov ovv dpa KaXov, dXXd 
 Kal dyaOov eaTtv. "]^/JLOtye BoKel. Tt ovv ; rjv S' iyco • 'Ofi'^pw 
 ov 7rtaTevet<; /caXw? Xeyetv, XeyovTt oTt 15 
 
 al8cb<; 3' ovK dyaOrj /ce%/3 7;/AeVft) dvBpl irapelvat; 
 *'E7ft)7', e(^7]. "EcTTtv dpa, o)? eotKev, at'Soj? ovk dyaOov Kal 
 dyaOov. ^alveTat. ^(o^poavvi] Be ye dyaOov, elirep dyaOoxs 
 irotel oh dv irapy, KaKOv^; Be /jltj. *AXXd /xrjv ovtco ye BoKel fiot 
 e')(etv, 0)9 av Xeyet^;. Ovk dpa aax^pocrvvrf dv etrj alBco^, ecTrep 20 
 TO fxev dyaOov Tvy^^^dvet ov, alBoo^ Be Brj ovBev /xaXXov dyaOov 
 
 7) KaKOV. 
 
 9. 'AX,X* ep-otye BoKel, e^rj, o) 1.(i}KpaT€^, tovto fxev opOax; 
 XeyeaOat ' ToBe Be aKe'^at tI ctol BoKel elvat irepl aa)(j)po(TVV7]<^. 
 dpTt yap dve/jLVi]aOr)v o rjBr] tov rjKOvaa XeyovTO<^, OTt aco^po- 25 
 avvT) dv ecrj to Ta eavTov irpaTTetv: o-Koiret ovv tovto el 6pOco<; 
 arot BoKet Xeyetv 6 Xeycov. Kal eyw, 'O fxtape, e(f>riv, KptTtov 
 TOvBe uKTqKoaf; avTO r) dXXov tov tcov ao(f)a)v. "KotKev, e(f>r} 6 
 KptTta?, dXXov ' ov yap Brj ifiov ye. *AXXd Tt Biacfyepei, rj S* 
 
 o? ^app^iBri^, 0) ^coKpaTe<i, otov rjKovcra ; OvBev, rjv S' iyco' 30 
 TrdvTco'^ yap ov tovto aKeiTTeov, oaTt^ avTo elirev, dXXd Trore- 
 pov dXr)Oe<; XeyeTat rj ov. Nvv 6pOS)f; Xeyet<;, rj 8' 09. N^ 
 Ala, 7]v 8' iyo) ' dXX* el Kal eupijaofiev avTo oirr) ye e%et, Oav- 
 fid^oLfJL dv ' alvty/JLaTt yap Ttvt eotKev. ''Oto Brj tl ye ; ecfyrj. 
 
lO HAATONOS 
 
 ''Ort ov BrjTTOV, rjv S* iyco, y ra p^fiara i(j)96y^aTO, ravry koX 
 ivoei ^jfO* Xeycov aco(f)poavvr]v elvai to ra avrov Trpdrreiv. fj 
 av ovBev rjyel TrpdrreLV rov ypajjLfjiaTiaryjv, orap ypdcfir) rj dva- 
 yiypotXTKrj ; "E^wye, rjyovfjLai fxev ovv, e^rj. Aoxel ovv aot to 
 5 auTov ovofia fiovov ypd(f)6iv 6 ypafifjiaTLaTrjf; kol dvayiyvwaKeiv, 
 rj vjid^ Tov<; iralSa^ SiSdaKetv, rj ovhev rJTTOv tcl twv i'^Opcov iypd- 
 (f)eTe rj tcl vjieTepa kol tcl to)V <f>i\Q)V ovo/naTa ; OvBev rjTTov. 
 'H ovv iTToXvTTpay/jLovelTe koX ovk iacocfypovelTe touto SpcovTe^ ; 
 OvBa/ji(b<;. Kal /irjv ov tcl iifieTepd ye avTcov iirpdTTeTe, etvrep 
 
 lo TO ypd<f>6iv TTpdTTCLV TL iaTiv Kal TO dvaycyvd)aK€iv. 'AXXa 
 fiTjV eoTTtv. Kal yap to IdaOai, o) eTalpe, Kal to oiKoBofielv Kal 
 TO v^alveiv kol to yTtvtovv Te^vrj otlovv tmv T6^vr}<; epywv 
 direpyd^eaOat irpaTTeiv Brjirov rt iaTiv. Yidvv ye. Tlovv; 
 rjv S* eyco, BoKel dv aoi TroXt? ev OLKelaOat vtto tovtov tov 
 
 15 vojJbov TOV Ke\evovTO(; to eavTov IjxdTiov cKaaTov v^aiveiv Kal 
 TrXvveiv, Kal viroBi]jxaTa ar/cvTOTOjJLelv, Kal \rjKv6ov Kal (TTXey 
 ylBa Kal TaXka iravTa KaTa tov avTOV \6yov, tcov jiev dXKo- 
 TpCcov jiTj aTTTeadat, Ta Be eavTOV cKaaTOV ipyd^eaOal re koI 
 irpdTTeiv ; Ovk ejiotye BoKei, rj 8* 09. ^AXkd jievToi, €(f>r}v 
 
 20 67ft), crco^/ooVoj? ye oiKovaa ev dv oIkoIto. Ilco? o ovk; e^rj. 
 Ovk dpa, rjV 8* eyco, to Ta ToiavTd re Kal ovtco Ta avTov irpdT- 
 T€Lv (T(0(f>poo-vv7j dv ecTj. Ov (j^alveTai. 'HivLTTeTo dpa, oo? 
 eoiKCV, oTvep dpTi iyco eXeyov, 6 Xiywv to Ta avTOV irpaTTeiv 
 (T(0(j)poavvrjv elvai ' ov ydp ttov ovtco ye rjv ewjOrj^; * ij tlvo^; 
 
 25 rjXiOlov rjKovaa^ tovtI \eyovTO^, o) ^ap/julBrj ; ^'HKiaTd ye, 
 e(^ri, eVet rot Kal irdvv eBoKec cro^g? elvai. YlavTO<^ toIvvv 
 fidWov, &)? ejJLol BoKel, aiVcy/JLa avTo irpov^dXev, a)9 bv ^(^aXeTrov 
 TO Ta avTov irpaTTeiv yvoivau 6 tL iroTe eaTiv. "Icro)?, e<^'rj. 
 Tfc ovv dv eXrj iroTe to Ta avTOv TrpdTTecv ; e^et^ elirelv ' Ovk 
 
 30 olBa jid Ala eycoye, rj B* 09 ' aX-V Laco<; ovBev KcoXvet firjBe tov 
 XeyovTa fJLijBev elBevai 6 tl ivoei. Kal dfia TavTa Xeycov VTreyeXa 
 I T€ Kal eh TOV KpiTLav dire^Xeirev. 
 
 ^ 10. Kal }LpiTia<; BrjXo^ fiev rjv Kal irdXai dywviojv Kal 
 (f>iXoTi/jLfD<; 7r/309 re tov ILapfJLiBrjv Kal 7r/309 toi'9 irapovTa^ '^X^^* 
 
XAPMIAHS. 1 1 
 
 /jLojLf; S* eavTov iv rS irpoaOev KaTeyjuv rore ou^ 0*69 re i'ye- 
 vero • So/cel yap fioi Travro^ fiaWov a\r)de<; elvaiy o iycb viri- 
 XajSov, Tov KpLTLOU aKTjKoevai rov ^apfjLiBrjv ravTrjv rrjv airo- 
 KpiaLV irepl Trj<; a(D(f)pocrvv7)<^. 6 fiev ovv 'KapfJblSrj'i ffovXofjbevoq 
 fjLf) avTO<^ VTri^eLV \6yov dW eKelvov ttj^ diroKpLcrea)^, vireKiveL 5 
 avTov eKelvov, koI eveBeiKwro otx? e^e\r]\€yjJL€vo<i etrj • o S' ouk 
 T^vea'^erOf dXKd fioi eSo^ev opyLaOrjvat avrat cjcnrep TroLrjTr)^ 
 VTroKpCTTj KaKOx; BtarcOevTC rd eavrov iroirjiJiaTa • coar e/x^Xe- 
 yfra<i avTO) elrrev, Ovro)? otei, o) l^apfxlhr], el crv fjurj olada 6 ri 
 TTOT ivoec 09 e(f>7j aco^poavv7)v elvao to rd eavrov irpdrreiv, 10 
 ovhe Brj eKelvov elSevac ; *AXV, w /SeXrtcrTe, e^rjv eyco, Kptrta, 
 TOVTOV fJLev ovSev OavixaaTov dyvoelv ttjXlkovtov ovra • ae Be 
 TTOV €tVo9 elBevat Kal rjXiKia^ evexa Kal eTri/jieXeia^. el ovv 
 avy^cop€l<; tovt elvat (Tw^poavvTjv oirep ovToal Xeyet, Kal 
 irapaBe'X^eL tov Xoyov, eycoye woXv dv 7]Biov fxerd aov <jko- 15 
 7roiiJL7}v, eW dXrjOe^i etVe /jlt) to X€')(^9ev. ^AXXd irdw crvy^(opo)y 
 ecpT}, Kal 7rapaBe')(^o/jLat. KaX&)9 ye <rv tolvvVj tfv B* iyo), ttoicjv, 
 Kal fioL Xeye, rj Kal d vvvBrj r)pdiT(i)v eyo) (Tvy^copel<;, tov<; Btj/jLI- 
 ovpyovf; 7rdvTa<; iroielv tl ; "¥iy(Dye. 'H ovv Bokovctl ctol ra 
 eavTMv fiovov ttoicIv tj Kal rd tcjv dXXwv ; Kal rd tcov dXXcov. 20 
 ^a)(j)povovaiv ovv ov ra eavTwv fiovov iroiovvre^ ; Tt ydp 
 KCoXvet ; ecj)?]. OvBev e/xe ye, yv S' eyco' aXX' opa /jlt) eKelvov 
 KcoXvet, 09 viroOeixevo^ aco^poavvrjv elvai to Ta eavTOV irpaT- 
 Teiv eireiTa ovBev ^rjai KwXvetv Kal tou9 ra tmv dXXo)v irpdr- 
 Tovra^ aaxjipovelv. ^Eiyo) ydp irov, rj B* 09, tovB* M/ioXoyrjKa, 25 
 ft)9 ol Td TMV aXXcov irpaTTOVTe^i aoa^povovaiv, el tov<; ttol- 
 ovvTa<i (hfioXoyrjaa ; l^lire fioi, rjv B* eyco, ov TavTov KaXel<i 
 TO TTOielv Kal TO irpaTTeiv ; Ov fxevToi, €(f)rj • ovBe ye to epyd- 
 ^eadai Kal to iroielv. efjuadov ydp irap 'HcrioSoi', 09 e^^, 
 epyov ovBev elvai 6v€lBo^. otet ovv avTOV, el ra TOiavTa 30 
 epya eKokeu Kal epyd^earOai Kal irpaTTeiv, ola vvvBrj crv eXeye^i, 
 ohBevl dv ovetBo^ <^dvai elvat aKvroTOjxovvTt rj Tapc^^oTrcoXovvrt 
 rj eir olKr)ixaTO<^ Kadrjixevcp; ovk oteadat ye xpri, o) ^a)Kpa- 
 T69, dXXd Kal eKelvov olfiat ttoItjo-lv irpd^eco^ Kal epyaala^ 
 
12 HAATfiNOS 
 
 dWo 6v6fjLt^€V, KOL iTOLTjfxa fiev ylji^eaOac ov6LSo<i ivlore, orav 
 (JLT) /juera rod koXov yi'yvrjrai, epyov Be ovheTTore ovhev 6v€tBo<; • 
 Ta yap KuXax; re Kal axf^eXlfico^; irotovfieva epya eKciXei, koI 
 ipyaala^ re Kal 7r/oafet9 ra^; TOiavra<; TrotTjaec^. (jxivat he 
 5 ye XPV f^^'' OLKela /xova ra TOtavra rjyeladai avrov, ra Be ^\a- 
 ^epa TTCLvra aWoTpia • coare Kal 'HaloBov '^(^pr) olecrOai Kal 
 aXkov, 6aTi<i ^p6vifio<;, rov ra avrov irpdrrovra rovrov crco- 
 (fypova KaXelv. 
 
 11. ^H ILpurla, Tjv 8' iyoji Kal €vdv<^ dp')(^ofievov aov a')(^eBhv 
 
 10 e/JbdvOavov rov \6yov, ore rd OLKeid re Kal ra avrov dyaOh 
 Ka\oi7)(;, Kal rd<; rcov dyaOcov iroirjcreL^ irpd^ei^^ ' Kal yap 
 UpoBiKOV fivpta rivd aKrjKoa irepl opofidrcov Biaipovvro^;. 
 
 I a\X* eyci) croc rldecrOat fxev rcov ovofidrcov BlBco/jll ottt) dv ^ovXrj 
 
 I cKaarov ' BijXov Be fiovov ecj) 6 n dv (fjepyf; rovvofia 6 n dv 
 
 15 Xeyrjf;. vvv ovv irdXiv e^ dpxV'^ (racpearepov opiaai ' dpa rrjv 
 rcov dyadcov irpd^iv rj irolrjaiv 7) oVct)? crv ^ovXet ovofid^etv, 
 ravrrjv Xeyei? aif aco^poavvrjv elvat ; "Ftycoye, €(f>7]. Ovk 
 dpa G-(0(f>pove2 6 rd KaKa Trpdrrcov, aXX^ 6 rdyaOd ; Xol Be, rj 
 8' 09, w ^eXrLcrre, ou;^ ovrco BoKel ; "Ea, r/v B' eyco ' firj yap 
 
 20 TTft) rb ifMol BoKOvv aKoirco/Jiev, dXX* b crv Xeyec^; vvv. *AXXd 
 fievroL eycoye, e(f>7], rov /jlt) dyadd dXXd KaKa irotovvra ov ^rjfJLi 
 (Tco^povelv, rov Be dyadd dXXd jJbrj KaKa aaxppovelv ' rrjv yap 
 ro)V dyaOSiV irpd^iv act)(f)poavvr)v elvac G-a(j)0}<^ croc Bcopt^o/jLai. 
 Kal ovBev ye ere laco^ KcoXvei dXrjdi} Xeyeiv ' roBe ye fjuevroi, rjv 
 
 25 8' e7c6, davfid^co, el (T(i)<f)povovvra<; dv6pQ)7rov<; yyel av dyvoelv 
 on aci)(f)povovcnv. 'AXX* ov^ yyovfjuac, e(f)r). Ovk oXlyov 
 TTporepov, €^7]v eyco, eXeyero vtto aov, on rov<; BTj/iiLovpyov<; 
 ovBev K(oXveL Kal av rd rcov dXXcov 7roLovvra<; aaxfjpovelv ; 
 '^iXeyero yap, €(j)r) ' dXXd ri rovro ; OvBev ' dXXd Xeye el 
 
 30 BoKel ri<i (70L larp6<;, vyid nvd ttoimv, w^eXLjia Kal eavro) iroielv 
 Kal eKeivfp ov latro ; "KfjLocye. Ovkovv rd Beovra Trpdrrei 
 6 ye ravra irpdrrcov ; Nat. 'O rd Beovra Trpdrrcov ov crcocj^po- 
 vel ; ^cocfjpovel fiev ovv. ^H ovv Kal yiyvcocTKeiv dvdyKrj rep 
 larpw, orav re ci)(]:)6Xi/JLC0<i Idrat Kal orav fir] ; Kal eKaarco nvl 
 
XAPMIAHS. 13 
 
 TOiV Brj/jLiovpyMV, orav re fieWrj ovyja-eadat awo rov epyov ov 
 av irpaTTrj, kol orav fxr] ; ' Icro)? ov. ^KvLore dpa, rjv B' iyoo, 
 ft)0eX//i<»? Trpafa? rj ^Xafiepo}^ 6 larpo^ ov <yi<yv(0(TK€i eavrov 
 ft)? eirpa^ev ' KairoL w(f>€\ifi(0(; irpd^a^, cw? o a-o<; X0709, (j(0(^p6- 
 vco<; eirpa^eV rj ov^ ovtco<; eXeje^i ; "Kyeoye. Ovkovv, oj? 5 
 €0iK€v, evLore w^e\ifX(o<^ 7rpd^a<; irpdrreL fxev a(0(f>p6v(o<^ kol 
 crco(f>pov€2, dyvoel 8* eavrov on acocfjpovel ; 
 
 12. *AWd TovTo fxev, 6(f>7j, ft) %Q)KpaTe<;, ovk dv irore yevocro, 
 aXhJ el Ti (TV ocec eK rcov efXTTpoadev vtt ifMov oi/xoXoyrj/jievcov 
 elf; Tovro dvayKolov elvai (rvfi/SacveiV, eK€LV(ov dv n eycoye 10 
 fiaXkov dva6ei/JL7]Vf /cal ovk dv al(T')(yv6eL7]v roTe /jlt) ou^t 6pd(o<; 
 (f)dva(, elprjKevat, /idWov rf vrore Gvyywpr]Gaip! dv dyvoovvra 
 avrov eavrov dvOpcoirov aco(j)povetv. a^eBov yap rt eycoye 
 avro rovro <f>7jfii, elvai (TW(j)po(TVV7]v, to yiyvwaKeiv eavrov, Kal 
 o-v/JL(f)epofjiaL Tft) eV AeA,<^ot9 dvaOevn ro rotovrov ypafifxa. Kal 15 
 yap rovro ovrco jiot BoKel ro ypd/ifia dvaKetaOat, o)? Brj irpoa- 
 p7j(n<; ovcra rov 6eov rcjv ela-iovrcov dvrl rov %at/oe, cb? rovrov 
 /JL€V OVK opdov 6vro<; rov 7rpo(Tprj/jLaro<;, [to ')(^aLpecv^, ovBe Belv 
 rovro TrapaKeXeveadat dXXrjXoL'; dXXd crw^povelv. ovrco jjuev 
 Br) 6 6eb<; rrpocrayopeveL rov<; elcnovra^; eh ro lepov Bia^epov rt 20 
 r) ol dvdpcoTTOL, ft)? Biavoovfievo<; dve6rjKev 6 dva6ei<^, w? fioi 
 BoKel' Kal Xeyet tt/do? toi^ del elaiovra ovk dXXo rt rj aco(l>p6- 
 vei, (j)r)aiv. alvLyfiarcoBecrrepov Be Bi], 009 /jLdvrt<;, Xeyet • ro yap 
 yvcbdt aavrov Kal ro cTcocfypovet eariv fiev ravrov, &>? rd 
 ypdfXfxard (t>r]aiv Kal eyco, rd^ct B' dv rt<i olrjOetTj dXXo elvai, o 25 
 Br) jjLot BoKovatv iraOelv Kal ol rd varepov ypd/xfiara dva6evre<=;, 
 ro re fjLr)Bev dyav Kal ro eyyvr) irdpa B^ drr). Kal yap 
 ovrot crvfjL^ovXr)v (pjj6r)aav elvai ro yvcoOt aavrov, aXV ov 
 rcov elaiovrcov vtto rov Oeov 7rp6apr)(Tiv • eW iva Br) Kal o-^et? 
 fiTjBev r)rrov o-vfJL^ovXd<; '^p7)a-i/JLov<; dvaOelev, ravra ypdyfravre^; 30 
 dveOeaav. ov Br) ovv eveKa Xeyco, w ^coKpare^;, ravra rrdvra, 
 roK eariv • rd jxev efirrpocrOev aoi wdvra d(f)ir)/jLi • l'a(o<; jiev yap 
 n (TV eXeye<^ irepl avrcov opOorepov, I'aco^; B' eyco, cracfie'; K ovBev 
 Trdvv r)v wv eXeyofiev • vvv S' lOeXco rovrov cTOt BiBovat Xoyov, 
 
14 nAATfiNOS 
 
 el /JUT) 6fio\oy6i<; a-w^poo-vvrjv elvai to f^fyvmaKeiv avrov 
 eavTov. 
 
 13. 'AXX', -^v B' iyco, a> J^ptria, av fiev q)<; (j)d(T/covTO<i €/jlov 
 elSevat, Trepl cov ipwro), irpocr^epei irpo^ fie, Kal eav Srj fiovXco- 
 5 /xaty o/jLoXoy^aovTO'; aoL • to S' ou^ ovtco^ ^X^^y aWa ^tjtco yap 
 fxeTCL (Tov ael to TrpOTiOe/xevov Sia to /jltj avTO^ elBevat • aKey^d- 
 /jLevo<; ovv eOeXca elirelv elVe ofjuoXoyo) €lt€ jxr}. hXX eTrio-^^e? ea)<? 
 av a/ceslrco/jLai. ^Koiret hrj, r) 8' o?. Kat yap, rjv S* iyo), a/coTTM. 
 el yap St) ycyvcoaKeiv ye tl eaTiv t) (T(0(f)poavvr), BrjXov otl eiri- 
 lo aTrj/JLT] Tt? av etrj Kal tlvo^ • rj ov ; "Ecrrtz^, €(f)r}, eavTOV ye. 
 Ov/covv Kal laTpLKTj, ecprjv, eTrtaTijfJLT) eaTiv tov vyteLvov ; Haw 
 ye. Et Toivvv jxe, e(f)r}V, epoto o-v, laTpiKr) vyieivov eTnaTrjixi) 
 ovaa TL r)/JLLV xpV^^M ^(^T'Iv fcal tl airepyd^eTaL, eliroiix av otl 
 ov afJLLKpav w^eXlav Tr)V yap vyieLav KaXov t^/jllv epyov drrep- 
 
 15 yd^cTai, el aTroSej^et tovto. *A7roB€')(^o/jLaL. Kat el tolvvv fxe 
 epoLO Tr)V oIkoBojjllktjv, iTTLaTij/Jirjv ovaav tov oIkoBo/ullkov, tl 
 <f)'r)fjLL epyov aTrepyd^eaOaL, eXiroLfx av otl olKrjo-eL^ • Gjo-avro)? Be 
 Kal TOiV dXXcov Te^^oiv. ')^pr} ovv Kal ere virep tt}? (T(o(f)poavvrj<^, 
 eTreiBr) (f)y<; avTrjv eaVTOV eTTLaTrjiJLrjv ehaL, e^eiJ' elirelv ipooTrj- 
 
 20 devTa, a) K^pLTLa, aax^poavvrj, eirLaTrjixri ovaa eavTOV, tl koXov 
 i^fjiiv epyov airepyd^eTaL Kal d^Lov tov 6v6/jLaTO<^ ; Wl ovv, elire. 
 'AA,X', ft) 'LcoKpaTe^i, e^r), ovk opOoi^ fT^ret?. ov yap ojxoia avTy 
 irecjiVKev Tal^ dXXaL^ eiTLcrTrjixaL'^, ovBe ye at dXXaL aXXr}XaL<; ' 
 (TV 8' ft)? ofiOLcov ovacov TTOLel TTjV ^'^TTjaLV. errel Xeye fxoL, e(j)r], 
 
 25 tt)? XoyLaTLKrj<; re^j^?;? rj t^9 yewfjieTpLKr^^i tl eaTLV tolovtov 
 epyov OLOV olKLa oIkoBo/jllktj^ tj IfidTLOV v^avTiKy)^ rj dXXa 
 TOLavT epya, a iroXXd av rt? e;^ot ttoXXmv Te'xyodv Bel^aL ; 
 e;^ei9 ovv /jlol Kal av tovtcov tolovtov tl epyov Bel^aL ; dXX' 
 ot'% efet9. Kal iyo) elirov otl 'AXtjOtj Xeye69 * dXXa ToBe aoL 
 
 30 e'X^co Bel^aL, tlvo<^ eaTiv e7rLaTr}p,r] CKdaTr) tovtcov tojv eTTLaTr)- 
 fjLOiV, o Tvy')(^dveL ov dXXo avTrj^; t^9 eirLaTrjfJLr)^. olov rj XoyL- 
 aTLKT) eaTLV irov tov apTLOV Kal tov irepLTTOV, 7rXr]6ov<i 67ro)<; 
 e%et 7r/oo9 avTa Kal tt/oo? dXXrjXa' rj ydp ; Tldvv ye, e(f)r}. 
 OvKOVv eTepov 6vto<; tov irepLTTOv Kal dpTLOV avTrj^; ri}? XoyL- 
 
XAPMIAHS. . 15. 
 
 CTTiKrj^ ; IToi? S* ov ; Kat ^tjv av 7] GrariKi rod ^apvrepov 
 re Kol /€OV(f)OT6pou (TTad/jLOV ianv ' erepov Be ianv to j^apv koI 
 TO KOV(f)OV TT}^ (TTaTLKYJ^ avTrj^. (Tvy^^^copel^ ; "£70)76. Ae7€ 
 Si]y KOI 7] (T(0(j)po(TVvr) TtVo9 iaTLV iirLo-T'qfMr), b rvyx^dvet erepov 
 6v avrri^ rrj^ aco(f)poavvr}<; ; 5 
 
 14. TovTO ianv eKelvo, e<f)r}, &> ^coKpare^i ' iir avro rjKet^i 
 epevvMV, OTQ) Siacj^epeL iraacov rcov iirLarrj/jL&v rj a(0(j)poo-vvr} • 
 (TV Se ofjiOLOTyrd rtva ^r)Tel<; avrrjf; ral^ dWat^;. rb S' ouk 
 eariv ovtw<;, dW* at fiev dWat irdaai dWov elalv einaTrjfJLai., 
 eavTOiV 3* ov, rj Be fiovrj rcov re dWeov iTTLO-Trjficov eTTLcmjfir} 10 
 earlv koX avrr} eavTrj<;. koI ravrd ae iroXKov Bel \e\r)6evac • 
 dWd yap, olfxai, o dprt ouk e(j)r}ada iroielv, rovro irocel^, ifjue 
 yap e'JTi')(eLpel^ iXey^ecv, edaa^ irepl ov 6 Xoyo^ eariv. Olov, 
 Tjv B* iyco, TTotelf; rjyovfJLevo^;, el 6 re fidXiara ae ekeyx^j dWou 
 TLVo<; eveKU eXeyx^ecv 7} ovirep eveKa Kav e/Jbavrov BtepevvM/jirjv 15 
 rl Xeyo), (fio^ovpievo^ firj wore XdOco olofievof; pbiv tl elBevat, 
 etSft)? Be fjbr]. Kat vvv Brj ovv eycoye (f)7}fjiL rovro rroielv, rov Xoyov 
 aKoirelv pidXiara fiev i/jbavrov eveKa, laco^ Be Bt) Kal roiv dXXcov 
 eirtrrjBeLcov • rj ov kolvov oteo dyaOov elvau a')(eB6v ro irdaiv 
 dv6pd)7roc<;, yiyveaOai Kara^ave<i eKaarov rcov ovrcov OTrrj e'^ei ; 20 
 Kat fidXa, Tj 8' 09, eycoye, o) 'Z(OKpare<;. Sappcov rolvvv, yv B* 
 eyo), 0) puaKdpie, dirOKptvopLevo^ ro ep(or(o/j,evov oirr) aot (fyal- 
 verai, ea '^aLpetv, etre KpLrLa<:; i^arlv elre %a)Kpdr7}^ 6 eXey^o- 
 fMevo^ ' dXX* avroj 7rpoae)(^cov rov vovv tm Xoyw aKoiret, oirr) 
 TTore eK^ijaerat eXey^opuevo^. 'AXXa, e<f>7), Trotijaco ovrco • 25 
 BoKet<; yap /jlol fierpia Xeyeiv. Ae7e rolvvv, rjv B* iyco, irepl rrj^ 
 aco^poavvT)^ irco^ XeyeL<; ; 
 
 15. Aeyco rolvvv, rj S' 09, on fiovrj rcov dXXcov eTnarrj/jbcJv 
 avrrj re avrrj^; ianv Kal rcav aXXoav eTrcarrjficov iTTiarijfjLr). 
 OuKovv, rjv 8' iyco, Kal dveinarrjpLoavvr]^ iTTtar^jfiTj dv etr}, 30 
 eiirep Kal i'marrjpi,r}<; ; Udvv ye, €cj)r). 'O dpa acocfypcov puovo^ 
 avro^ re eavrov yvcoaerac Kal olo^ re earai i^erdaat rC re 
 rvy-^dveL etSft)9 Kal rl p^rj, Kal rov<; dXXov<; chaavrco<; Bvvaro<; 
 earac iinaKOTrelv, rl rc^ olBev Kal oierac, elirep olBev, Kal rl 
 
l6 nAATONOS 
 
 av olerai fiev elBivat, olSev ^' ov, tmv 8* aXXcov ouSet? • Kal 
 eanv Br) tovto to acocf^povelv re Kal aw^poavvT] teal ro eavrov 
 avTov 'yLyva)aK6LV, to elBevac a re olBev Kal a fir) olBev. apa 
 TavTii iaTLV a Xeyet^ ; "£70)7', e(j)r). YIoXlv tolvvv, 'qv 3' e^w, 
 5 TO TpLTOv Tcp acoTrjpL, cjairep ef ^/0%^9 iTTLaKe^frca/jLeda, irpcoTOu 
 jjbev el BvvaTov iaTLv tovt elvai rj ov, to a olBev Kal a fir) olBev 
 elBivai OTi ^olBe Kal otl* ovk olBev • eirecTa el 6 tl fiakcaTa 
 BvvaTov, Tt^ av etr) r)fiLv a)(f)€\la elBoaiv avTo. 'AXXa XP^h 
 e(f>r), (TKOirelv. "\0u Bi], €(f)r)v eyco, m ILpuTia, o-Ke-yjrai,, idv tl 
 
 10 irepl avTOiV eviropoiTepo^ <^^^5? ifiov • eyoD fiev <yap airopSi • fj 
 Be airopo), (j>pda(o aot ; Ucivv 7', e^?;. "AWo to ovv, r)V S' eyco, 
 irdvTa TavT av etr), el eaTiv oirep av vvvBr) ekeye<^, fila ti^ 
 eTTca-TrjfjLr), r) ovk aXXov tlvo^ eaTiv rj eavTrj^; re Kal t(ov dWcov 
 eTrt(TT7)fL(i)V ein(TTrifi7)y Kal Br) Kal dveiri(TTr)ixo(TVvr)(; r) avTr) 
 
 15 avTT) ; JJdvv ye. 'ISe Br) co? aToirov eTrix^tpovfiev, o) eTalpe, 
 Xiyeiv • ev dWoi<; yap ttov to avTO tovto idv (7K07rfj<;, Bo^et 
 (TOL, ft)? eywfiai, dBvvaTOV elvai. Tlct)<; Brj Kal ttov ; 'Ez^ TolaBe. 
 evvoei yap el aoi BoKel 6'\jn<; rt? elvat, rj wv fiev al dWai oi/rei? 
 elalv, OVK eaTLV tovtcov 6'^l<;, eavTr)<^ Be Kal tcov dWcov oyjrecov 
 
 20 o-v^t? eaTLV, Kal fir) oyjrewv (haavTco<;, Kal ^pco//-a fiev opa ovBev 
 o-yjnfi ovaa, avTr)v Be Kal ra? dWa^; oi^et? * BoKel rt? aot elvat 
 TOCavTT) ; Ma At' ovk efiocye. Tt Be aKOijv, r) ^(ovrjf; fxev 
 ovBefiid^ aKOvei, avTrj<i Be Kal tmv dWcov aKocov aKOvei Kal tcov 
 fir) aKOMV ; OvBe tovto. SvWr)PBr)v Br) aKoirei irepl iraaoyv 
 
 25 TOiV aladrjaecov, et r/? aot BoKet elvat alaOijaecov fiev d'la67)at<; 
 Kal avTrj<;, o)V Be Br) al dWat aladr)aet<i alaOdvovTat, fir}Bevo<: 
 aladavofievT) ; Ovk efiotye. *AX-\' eirtdvfita BoKet Tt<^ aot 
 elvat, 7)Tt<; r)Bovrj<; fiev ovBefitd^; eaTtv eirtOvfiia, avTrjf; Be Kal 
 Twi/ dW(ov eirtOvfitayv ; Ov Br)Ta. OvBe fir)v ^ovXyat^i, o)? 
 
 30 eyd>fiat, r) dyadov fiev ovBev ^ovXeTat, avTr)v Be Kal Td<; dWa<i 
 pov\r)aeL^ ^ovKeTat. Ov yap ovv. "FjpcoTa Be (j)ai7)<i dv Ttva 
 elvat TotovTov, 09 Tvy^dvet mv ep(o<; koXov fiev ovBev6<;, avTov 
 Be Kal TMV dWcov epWTcov ; Ovk, e<^r), eycoye. ^o/Sov Be r)Br) 
 Ttvd KaTavev6r)Ka<i, 09 eavTov fiev Kal tov9 d\Xov<; (po^ov; 
 
XAPMIAHS. 17 
 
 ^o^elrai, rayv SeiVMV S' ovSe ev (po^elrai ; Ov Karavevorj/ca, 
 ecf)7}. Ao^av Be Bo^cbv Bo^av koI avTr](;, oyv Be at aWau Bo^d- 
 ^ovaiv fjLTjBev Bo^d^ovaav ; OvBafjbO)^. 'AW' eTTLCTTTjfirjv, co? 
 eoLKev, cf)a/JL6V nva elvau Toiavrrjv, i^rt^ /JuaO /] /ijLaTo<; fxev ovBev6<^ 
 eaTLV eTriarrj/iir), avrrj<i Be koI to)v akXwv einaTr] fjL(bv einarrjixr) ; 5 
 ^a/juev yap. Ovkovv aroirov, el dpa Koi eariv ; jjLrjBev yap 
 TTCO Biia^vpi^(Dixe6a ai<^ ovk eariv, aX}C el eanv en aKOTrcofJLev. 
 *Op^w9 Xeyei^. 
 
 16. ^epe B}] ' earc /juev avrr} rj eirLo-rrnir] rtvof; eiriaTrjiir], 
 Kal e^et nva roLavrrjv Bvva/jLtv coare tluo<; elvai • r) ydp ; Udvv 10 
 rye. Kat yap to /jbel^ov (^ap^ev roiavTrjv nvd e'^eiv Bvpa/jLLv, 
 cocrre nvo<; elvai fiel^ov ; "E^^et ydp. Ovkovv e\drrov6<; nvo<;, 
 elirep earai fjuel^ov. ^AvdyKrj ; Et ovv n evpoip^ev p^el^ov, o 
 TMV fiev p^et^ovcov earlv fxel^ov Kal eavrov, wv Be raWa yae/fo) 
 earlv /HT/Sei/o? p^el^ov, Trdvrco^; dv irov eKelvo y avrS virdp-^oiy 15 
 ecTrep eavrov fiel^ov ecT], Kal eXarrov eavrov elvat • rj ov ; 
 IloWr) dvdyKT), €(f)r], o) ^oiKpare^. Ovkovv Kal el n Bnfkdaiov 
 eanv roiv re aXXcov BtTrXaalcov Kal eavrov, r]pLl(Teo<^ Brjirov 
 ovTo^ eavrov re Kal rcov dWcov BiTrXda-iov av etrj' ov ydp 
 earlv ttov dXXov BiirXdo-Lov rj r)fiL(7eo<;. ^AXr}6rj. UXeov Be 20 
 avrov ov ov Kal eXarrov earai, Kal fiapvrepov ov Kov(f)6repov, 
 Kal TTpecrfivrepov ov vecorepov, Kal raXXa irdvra Maavrco'i, 6 re 
 irep av rrjv eavrov Bvvap>Lv 7rpo<; eavro e^?;, ov Kal eKelvrjv e^et 
 rr)v ovcriav, irpo^ fjv rj Bvvap,L<; avrov r}V ; Xeyco Be ro roiovBe • 
 olov rj aKor], (papev, ovk dXXov nvo<; rjv aKorj rj (f>covrj^ ' rj ydp ; 25 
 Nat. Ovkovv elirep avrr) avrrj<^ oLKovaerai, cfxovrjv e')(ova-r}(; eav- 
 rfj<; aKOvaerai • ov ydp dv dXX(o<; aKovaeuev. IIoXX^ dvdyKr). 
 Kat r) 6'\ln<; ye ttov, &> dptcrre, elirep o'^erai, avrr) eavrrjv, 
 ')(^pa)/JLd n avrr)v dvdyKr] e'y^eiv d')(^p(OV ydp 6'^l<; ovBev fir) irore 
 IBj). Ov ydp ovv. 'Opa? ovv, ft> K-ptrla, on oaa BieXr)Xv- 30 
 Oafjiev, rd fiev avrcjv dBvvara iravrdiraai (palverai r)fuv, rd B^ 
 diriarelrai cr<f)6Bpa jir) iror dv rr)v eavrojv Bvvafiiv irpo<; eavrd 
 ay(^elv ; fieyeOr) /j,ev ydp Kal irXr)6r) Kal rd rotavra iravrdira- 
 (TLV dBvvarov rj ov')(i ; Udvv ye. ^Akot) S' av Kal o-^L^i Kal 
 
1 8 HAATONOS 
 
 en ye Kivrjo-u'^ avrr) iavrrjv fctvelv, koI 6epix6rrj<^ Kaetv, kol 
 Trdvra 8r) ra rotavra toI<; fxev aTnarlav ^av* Trapda-^oiy caax; 
 Se riaiv ov. fieyaXov B)] Ttvo<;, &> ^t\e, dv8po<; Bel, 6aTi<; rovro 
 Kara irdvroiv iKavfy)<; hiaLprjaeraiy nrorepov ovhev tmv 6vt(dv ttjv 
 5 aurov SvvafiLV auro tt/jo? eavTo ire^VKCv e')(^eiv, aXka irpo'i 
 aWo, Tf TCb fiev, ra 8' ov' koX el eariv av drtva avra irpo'i avrcL 
 fc'%6t, dp iv TOVTOL^ iarlv iirLaTij/jir], rjv Br) r)/jL€l<; crcocfjpoavi/Tjv 
 (j^ajxev elvai. iyo) (xev ov TriaTevco ijiavru) iKavo^; elvai ravra 
 BieXeadai • Blo koX ovt el Bvvarov iarc tovto yeveaOaL eiriarrj- 
 
 lo /x?79 67rL(rT7]/jL7jv elvai, e-^oa Biio-^vpiaaadai, ovr el 6 n fiaXLara 
 eari, acoc^poavvrjv dTroBe^^ofiaL avro elvai, irplv dv eTnaKe'yIrcofjLaty 
 etre rt dv 7)fxd<^ oy^eXol rotovrov ov, ecre jxr). rrjv yap ovv Brj 
 a(0(j)poavvr)V dic^eXifJiov n Kal dyaOov fxavrevoixai elvai • av ovv, 
 0) rrral ^aXXaia^pov — rtdeaai, yap actxfypoavvrjv tovt elvai, 
 
 15 eirLo-rrj/jLi^v iirLarrj iJb7]<; /cal Br) Kal dve7n(7r7)fJL0(rvvr)<; — irpSirov 
 jjbev TOVTO evBet^at, otl Bvvarov o vvvBr) eXeyov, eireiTa 7rpo<; tm 
 BvvaTU) OTL Kal aycj^eXifiov • Ka/jue rd^ dv d7ro7rX7)pd)aaL<;, co? 
 6pdco<i Xeyei? Trepl aa>(f)poavvr)(;, o eanv. 
 
 17. Kat J^pLTca^i dKovcra<i ravra Kal IBcov fie diropovvra, 
 
 20 warirep ol rov<^ '^aa/jL(o/jievov<; KaravriKpv 6pa)vre<; ravrov 
 rovro o-vjJLirda^ovaLV, KaKelvo^ eBo^e fioi vir e/xov diropovvrof; 
 Kal avro^ dXoivai vtto d7ropLa<;. are ovv evBoKi/JLMV CKdarore, 
 7J(T)(yvero rov<; rrapovra^;, Kal ovre avyy([opr)aai fioo r)6eXev 
 dBvvaro<; elvai BieXeaOai a irpovKaXovjXrjv avrov, eXeyev re 
 
 25 ovBev aa(f)e^, eTTiKaXvirroav rr)v diropiav. Kaycb r)/jiiv iva 6 
 X0709 TTpotoi, elirov 'AXX' el BoKel, m Y^pirla, vvv fjuev rovro 
 avy^wprjacoiJbev, Bvvarov elvai yeveadat eirio-r^fiyv e7ri(Trrj/Jir)<; • 
 avdi<; Be e'7ri(TKeyjr6fjLe6a el're oi/rct)? e^j^et etre fjur). Wi Br) ovv, 
 el 6 Ti fudXicrra Bvvarov rovro, ri fiaXXov oiov re eanv elBe- 
 
 30 vai d re rt? olBe Kal a firj ; rovro yap Bijirov ecjia/jiev elvai 
 ro yiyv(ji(TKeiv avrov Kal aco^povelv ' y ydp ; Udvv ye, rj S' 09, 
 Kal avjx^aivei ye irov, o) %diKpare<;. el ydp rt? e^et €7ria-ri]fir}V 
 7] avrr) avrr)v yiyvcoaKei, roiovro<; dv avTO<; elr) oiovirep earlv 
 o e^ei. toairep orav ra^^o? rt? e^?;, ra^v<i, Kal orav KaXXo^;, 
 
XAPMIAHS. 
 
 19 
 
 ztaXo?, Kol orav yvoiaiv, fytyvuiaKaiv ' orav Be Brj yvcjcriv 
 avrrjv avTrj<; tl<; e%77, yiyvcocTKoyv irov avro^ eavrov rore earai. 
 Ov TOVTOy rjv 8' ijcOj a/jL^iafirjTM, &>? ou^ orav to auro yiyvo)- 
 CTKQV Tt9 e%>7, avTo^ avTov yvdyaerai, cOOC €')(^ovTt tovto ri? 
 dvdyKT) elSevat d re olhev kol a /jurj olSev ; "Orif ay 'EcoKpare';, 5 
 ravTov icTTiv tovto i/ceivq). "lo-o)?, e(f)7]v, a)OC iyco /ccvBvvevco 
 del o/^oi09 elvac ov yap av fiavOdvco w? eaTtv to avTO [a olhev 
 elhivai kol d TL<i /mr} olBev elSevai^. IJo)? \eyeL<;, €(f>7) ; ^flSe, 
 ^p S* eyd). eTTtaT^fMr] irov e7riaT)]fir](; ovaa dpa TrXeov tl oXa 
 T eoTTai Btatpelv, rj oti tovtcov ToSe fiev eTnaTij/jirj, ToBe B' ovk 10 
 €'7rL(TTrj/JLr) ; Ovk, dWd toctovtov. TavTov ovv e(TTiv eTncTTTJ/jbrf 
 T€ Kal dv€7riaTi]jjLoavv7} vyieivov, koI eTrca-TTJfirj re Kal dveinaTr]- 
 jjboavvr) BtKaiov ; OvBa/jbOJ^i. WWd to fiev olfxat laTpi/ct], to 
 Be ttoXltlkt], to Be ovBev dWo rj e7naTr]fi7]. TIw? yap ov ; 
 OvKovv eav fir] irpoa-eTrlaTrjTai tl^; to vyceivov Kal to BiKatov, 15 
 dWd iTTKTT^/iirjv fiovov ytyvdya-Kr) dT€ tovtov fjLovov e')(^c£>v 
 eTncTTrjfjLrjv, otl fiev tl liria-TaTai Kal otl e7rtaT7]/j,7]v Ttvd €^eL, 
 cIkotco'^ dv yiyvdiGKOi Kal nrepl avTOV Kal irepl TOiV dWcov ■§ 
 yap ; NaL '^O rt Be ytyvdycrKei, TavTy ttj eTrtcrTijfjL'p ttw? etce- 
 Tai ; yLyv(o<TK€i yap Br) to fiev vyieivov tj} laTpcKrj dX)C ov 20 
 arocfypoavvT], to Be dpfiovLKOV fiovcnKrj dW* ov aco(f)poavprj, to 
 3' OLKoBofJLLKOv OLKoBofjLLKrj dW* OV aco(f>poavvrj, Kal ovTO) TrdvTa' 
 rj ov ; ^alveTai. Eco(f)poavvrf Be, eiirep fiovov eaTlv eiTLcrTT)- 
 fiwv eTTKTTtjfir), 7rw<? eiaeTai, oti to vyteivov yiyvwaKei rj otl 
 TO olKoBofiiKov ; OvBafiot)(;. Ovk dpa ecaeTac o olBev 6 tovto 25 
 dyvoMV, aXV otl olBev fiovov. "KoLKev. 
 
 18. OuK dpa (Tco(f)pove2v tovt dv elrj ovBe aaxfipoa-vvr}, elBevat 
 d re olBev Kal d fir) olBev, dW\ «<? eoiKev, otl olBev Kal otl 
 OVK olBev fiovov. K.LvBvvev€L. OvBe dWov dpa ol6<=; t€ ecrTaL 
 0VT0<; i^eTaaaL ^dcTKOVTa tl eiricTTaaOaL, iroTepov eirlaTaTaL 3c 
 o (f)r)aLV eTri(TTaa6aL rj ovk eiria-TaTaL • dWd ToaovTov fiovov, 
 ft)? eoLKev, yvdyaeTaL, otl e^€L TLvd eirLdTrjfiriv, otov Be ye, 1) 
 (TW^poavvri ov iroLrja-eL avTov yLyvoxTKetv. Ov (jyalveTaL. OvTe 
 dpa Tov TTpoairoLovfievov laTpov elvaL, ovTa Be firj, Kal tov co? 
 
20 HAATONOS 
 
 aX7]d(o<; ovra ot6<; re earai Sia/cplveLV, ovre aXkov ovheva tmv 
 eirio-rrjixovoiv kol /jLiJ. a/ce^lroo/jLeda Be i/c rcjvSe • el fiiWet 6 
 craxppcov rj oanaovv dWo^ rov co? akr}d(b<; larpov BiayvMoreaOaL 
 fcal rov fJLy], ap* ov^ wSe iroirjaeL' irepl fiev larpiKri^ S/jttov 
 5 avrco ou hiake^erai • ovBev 'yap liratei^ &>? 6(f)afi6v, 6 larpo^; 
 aXX rj TO vyL€Lvhv /cat ro voacoSe^ • t) ov ; Nai, ourco^. Ilepl 
 Se ye iTTLarrj/jLrjf; ouSev olSev, aXXa tovto St] tjj aax^poavvrj fiovrj 
 direSo/jLev. Na/. OvSe irepl larpiKrjf; apa otBev 6 larpiKo^, 
 iireiBrjirep 7) larptKr] eTnaTTj/jLT] ovaa rvy^dvet. ^KXrjdrj. "On 
 
 10 jjiev Srj iTTCcmjfjLrji' rtvd e^6i, yvcoaerai o (T(ocf)pcov rov larpov • 
 Betv Be irelpav Xa^elv ^ri? iariv, dWo n aKeyfrerac wvrivcov ; 
 rj ov Tovrfp (opiarai e/cda-rr] eTTiarrjixr] fir] fiovov eTrio-njfir) elvau 
 dWd Kal t/?, ro3 rivcbv elvai ; Tovrw jxev ovv. Kal r) larptKr) 
 By] erepa elvai rcov dXXcov e7rLcrrr]/jL(Ji)V (hpiaOr] rw rov vyieivov 
 
 15 elvat Kal voacoBov^ einarrjijur]. Nal. Ovkovv ev rovTOL<; dvay- 
 Kalov (TKOirelv rov ^ovXofievov larpiKrjv aKOirelv, ev oU iror 
 earLV ov yap Byjirov ev ye roL<; efo), ev oh ovk eornv ; Ov 
 Brjra. ^Kv rol^ vyi€ivol<^ dpa Kal voaoyBecnv eirtcrKe'^eraL rov 
 larpov, fj larpiKOf; earcv, 6 6p6o}<; (TKoirovixevo^. "^ouKev, 
 
 20 OuKOvv ev rot? ovrQ}<; rj Xeyo/jbevoi'; rj irparrofJievoL^ rd fiev 
 Xeyofieva, el dXrjdfj Xeyerat, crKO'Trov/jievof;, rd Be irparrofjueva, 
 el 6pdo)<; irpdrrerai ; *AvdyKr]. ^PI ovv dvev larpCK7]<; Bvvatr 
 dv ri<; rovrcov irorepoi^ eTraKoXovdrjcrat ; Ov Brjra. Ovre ye 
 dXXo<; ovBet^, &)? eoiKev, irXrjv larp6<;, ovre Brj 6 (T(t)(f>p(ov' larpov; 
 
 25 yap dv elr] irpo^ rrj (T(o<f)poavvr]. "Eo-rt ravra. Ylavro<; dpa 
 fiaXXov, el r] (Tcocjipoavvr] €7rL(rr7]fjLr]<; eiriar-^ixr] fiovov earlv Kal 
 dverrtarr]fjiO(TVV7](;, ovre larpov BtaKplvat oXa re earai eiTiard- 
 fievov rd rr]<; re'^vr]^; rj firj eiTLardfievov, rrpoaTTOiovfievov Be rj 
 olofievov, ovre dXXov ovBeva rS)v eiriarafievaiv Kal oriovv, ttXtjv 
 
 30 ye rov avrov ofjuore^vov, (oairep ol dXXoL Brffiiovpyol. ^alve- 
 rai, ecftrf. 
 
 19. Tt9 ovv, rjv 8' eyci), co J^ptrla, wcj^eXia r]fuv en dv el'rj 
 diTO rrj<; a(0(f)po(TVvr](; roiavrr)^ ov(T7]<; ; el fiev yap, o ef dp)(rj(; 
 vrrendefieOa, jjBeiv 6 acocfypcov a re rjBei Kal a fir] yBei, rd 
 
XAPMIAHS. 21 
 
 fiev on olSev, ra S* on ou/c olhev, koI aWov ravrov rovro 
 ireTTovOoTa iTTi(TKe-\lraa6aL ol6(; r yv, fieyaXwarl av rj/julv, 
 ^afiev, cocjieXi/JLov r]V acocfypoaiv elvai • dvafidpTTjToc jap av rov 
 piov e^oifiev auroL re ol rrjv acocjypoavvrjv exovre^; Kal ol dWoi 
 iravre^ oaoL v(f) rjficov rjp^ovro. ovre yap av avTol iire^eL- 5 
 povfiev irpdrreiv a firj i^Tnard/neOay dX>J l^evplo-KovTe^ rov<; 
 67rLarafievov<i iKSivoo^ av TrapeSiBofjuev, ovre T0i<; aX-Xo^? eVe- 
 rpeTTOfiev, o)V ^p^o/juev, dWo n irpdrreiv rj o n irpdrrovre^; 
 6p6(o<; efjieWov irpd^eLV • rovro 8' rjv av, ov iTrcarTj/jiijv el^ov • 
 Kal ovrco Brj utto aa)cf>pocrvvr](; olicla re oiKov/iievrj e/meWev ic 
 KaXcjf; OLKeladat, 7r6\L<i re iroXirevofxevri, Kal dWo irdv ov 
 aoxppoavvT] dp^ot • dfiaprla^ yap i^rjprj/Lievrjf;, 6p66rr]ro^ he 
 r}yov/jLev7}(;, iv Trday irpd^ec dvayKalov Ka\a)<i Kal ev irpdrreiv 
 roL"? ovro) BiaKeifievov^;, rov<; Be ev irpdrrovra^ evBaL/jLova<; 
 elvai. dp ov-^ ovrco^, rjv B* eyd), o) Kpirla, eXeyo/Liev irepl 15 
 (T(ti(f>po(7VV7]^, Xeyovre^ oaov dyadov etr] ro eiBivat a re olBev 
 Tt9 Kal a fXT] olBev ; Udvv fiev ovv, e^r], ovrco. NOi^ Be, rjv 
 S' eyd), 6pa<; on ovBafjLov eTricrrij/jLT] ovBefiia roiavrrj ovaa 
 7re(f)avrai. 'Opco, ecj^rj. '^Ap' ovv, rjv B' eyd), rovr e^ei rb 
 dyaOov rjv vvv evpiaKOfiev aa)(f)poavvr]v ovaav, ro eiriarTJfiTjv 20 
 ewLcrrao-Oai Kal dveirKirTjfxoavvr^v, on 6 ravrrjv e^^ov, 6 n 
 dv dXXo /xavddvj], paov re fxaOrjcrerai Kal evapyearepa irdvra 
 avra> ^avelrai, are 7rpo<; eKdarw 00 dv fxavOdvy irpoaKaOo- 
 pcovn rr)v eiriarrjfxrjv ' Kal rom dXXov<; Br) KdXXiov e^erdaet 
 irepl o)V dv Kal avrcx; pidOr), ol Be dvev rovrov e^erd^ovre<; 25 
 daOevearepov Kal (f)avX6repov rovro Bpdaovaiv ; dp', a> ^iXe, 
 roiavra drra earlv a drroXavGoyueQa rrj(; a(D(f)poavvr]<i, r)fjLe2<; 
 Be fiel^ov n /SXeirofjiev Kal ^rjrov/jiev avro fiei^ov n elvai rj ocrov 
 eanv ; 1 a%a o av, e(f)Tj, ovrco<; e^oi. 
 
 20. "Icrw?, rjv B* eyd) • tcro)? Be ye r)/jLei<; ovBev '^(^prjcrrov e^r^rrj- 30 
 aafiev. reKfiaipofiai Be, on ixoi droir drra Kara^alverai 
 irepl aci)^poavvrj<;, el roiovrov eanv. iBcofiev ydp, el ^ovXei, 
 avy^copijaavre^i Kal eirlaracrOai e7riarrj/jLr]v Bvvarov elvai Kal 
 o ye ef dp^rj<; enOefxeOa aco^poavvTjv elvai, ro elBevai d re 
 
22 HAATfiNOS 
 
 oIBev KOI a fjLT) olBev, fir} uTroaTeprjaco/jiev, dWa B(o/jL€p • Kal 
 TTcivra ravra Soz^re? en ^eXriov aKe^jrco/iieda, el dpa n /cal 
 r}fjLd<i ovqaei tolovtov 6v. a yap vvvBrj iXiyo/jiev, o)? /xeya av 
 €17} dyaOov 7) aax^ypoavvT}, el tolovtov €L7}, 7}yov/JLev7} hiOLKijaeoif; 
 5 Koi oIkIu^ Kal TToXew?, ov fxoi hoKOVfJuev, w J^ptTLa, Ka\a)<; wjjlo- 
 \o<yr}K6vac. Ilw^.S/y; rj 8' 09. "Ort, 7}V 8' ijci), paBicof; cd/jLO- 
 Xoytjaafiev /leya tl ciyaOov etvat toI<; av6p(j07roc<;, el eKaaTOi 
 7)fjL(ov, a jjuev 'laaaiv, irpaTTOiev TavTa, a Be /jLT} eirlaTaiVTo, 
 dX\oL<i TrapaBiBoiev tol^ eirtaTaiJievoL^. Ovk ovv, €<^7}, Ka\(o<; 
 
 10 o)fio\oy7}aa/jLev ; Ov fioi BoKOVjiev, tJv S' eyo). "AroTTa Xeyet? 
 0)9 a\7}6o)fi, 6(1)7}, 0) XcoKpaTe^. N?) top Kvva, e<j>7}v, Kal ifiol 
 TOi BoKel ovTco, KCLVTavOa Kal dpTt diro^Xe^jra'; aToir cltt 
 €^7}v fjLOL TTpocfyalveaOaL, Kal otl (^o^oiiJL7}v jxt} ovk opOcjf; axo- 
 TTolfiev. ft)9 dXr}0(b^ 7^/Oj ^^ o tl jxaXLaTa tolovtov eaTLv 7} 
 
 15 (T(O(^p0(TVvr}, ovBev /iol Bf]Xov elvaL BoKel 6 tl dyaOov 7}ixa<; 
 direpyd^eTaL. lift)? Bj} ; rj 3' 09. Xeye, Xva Kal yjnelf; elBco/jiev 
 6 TL Xey€L<i. OlfiaL fiev, rjv K eyco, X7}pelv fxe' o/jLcofi to ye irpo- 
 (paLVo/jLevov dvayKalov aKOirelv Kal /jlt} elK-fj wapLevaL, el Tt9 ye 
 avTOV Kal (TfjLLKpov K7}BeTaL. KaXo)9 yap, e^r}, XeyeL^;. 
 
 20 21. "Akov6 Br}, €(f)7}v, TO ifiov ovap, ecTe Blol KepaTwv ecTe 
 Bl eXe(j>avTO<; eXrjXvdev. el yap 6 tl jiaXLcTTa 7}/jLa)V dp^oL r} 
 aa)^poavv7}, ovaa oiav vvv opL^ofjLeOa, dXXo tl KaTo, Td<; eirL- 
 aTrjfia^ dv irpaTTOLTO, Kal ovt€ tl<; Kvj3€pvr}T7}^ (j)d(TKcov elvaL, 
 o)v Be oxiy e^a7raTa)7} dv 7}fxd';, ovTe laTpo<; ovTe (TTpaT7}yo<^ ovt 
 
 25 dXXof; ovBeL<;, irpoairoLov }iev6<i tl elBevaL o jxr) olBev, XavOdvoL 
 dv eK Bt} tovtcov ovtco^; eyovTwv dXXo dv r}/xlv tl avfi^alvot 
 ^77* vyLecLV T€ TCL aci)/JLaTa elvaL /iidXXov 7) vvv, Kal ev ttj 
 OaXaTTT) KLvBvvevovTa^ Kal ev TroXefxco aw^eaOaL, Kal tcl 
 (TKevrj Kal T7}v dfjL7re'^6v7}v Kal viroBeatv irdaav Kal tcl XP^'r 
 
 30 p>aTa rrdvTa TexyLKOi^ yfilv elpyaa/xeva elvaL Kal dXXa jroXXd 
 BLa TO dX7}6LvoU B7}fJLLovpyol^ XPV^^^'' > ^^ ^^ /SovXoLo ye, Kal 
 T7}V ixavTLK7}V elvaL avyx(op7]o-(OfjL€V e7rLo-T7}}Jir}V tov fxeXXovTO^; 
 eaeaOaL, Kal T7}V a(0(ppoavv7}V, avTY}^ eirLaTaTOvaav, tol'9 fiev 
 dXa^ova^ diroTpeTreLV, toj)9 Be qj9 dX7]6(J!)<i jxdvTeL^ KaOLaTavaL 
 
XAPMIAHS. 23 
 
 q^ilv 7rpO(f>i]Ta^ T(bv fieWovrcov. KareaKevaa-fievov Brj ovtco to 
 avOpcoTTtvov 7eVo9 on fikv einaTT) jxovw^i av TrpdrTOi Koi ^wt], 
 €7ro/jbaL ' rj yap (Tco<f>pocrvvT] (fyvXarrovo-a ov/c av imj TrapefiTri- 
 TTTOvaav TTjV av€7rLo-T7j/jL0crvVT]v crvvepyov tj/jllv elvai • on S' iin- 
 <TTr)fi6v(o<; av 7rpdTT0VTe<; ev av TrpaTTOtfiev Kal evSai/JLOvoifiev, 5 
 TOVTO Be ovTTco hvvdfieOa fJLadetv, a> 0t\e J^piTia. 
 
 22. 'AXA-a fievroL, rj S' 09, ov paBico^ euprjaetf; dWo tl Teko<^ 
 Tov €v irpaTTeiv, iav to iTriarrj/JLOvcoi; aTifidar}^. ^jJUKpov 
 TOivvv /JL6, Tjv S' iyd), en irpoahiBa^v. TiVO<; iTnarrj/iovcof; 
 Xeyeif; ; rj ctkvtmv TO/jbrjf; ; Ma At' ovk eycoye. 'AXXa 'x^aXKOv 10 
 epyaaia'^ ; OvBa/i(o<i. 'AXXa ipicov rj ^vXwv rj dXXov tov tmv 
 TOLovTcov ; Ov BrJTa. Ovk dpa, rjv 8' eyd), etc ififjiivofiev tw 
 Xoyqy tm evBaifiova elvat tov iino-TTjfjLovcof; ^oovTa. ovtol yap 
 eTTLo-Trjfiovcog fwi^re? ov^ ofMoXoyovvTai Trapd erov €vBai/iove<; 
 elvai, dXXd wepl tivcov e7no-Tr]fi6v(o<; ^covTa orv Bok€l<; fioi d(f)o- 15 
 pl^eaOai tov evBaifiova. Kal Haco^ Xiyei^; ov vvvBrj iyo) eXeyov, 
 TOV elBoTa TCL fjieXXovTa ecreaOai irdvTa, tov fidvTtv. tovtov r} 
 dXXov Tiva Xey6L<; ; Kat tovtov eycoye-, e^r], Kal dXXov. Tiva ; 
 yv B^ eyco. dpa firj tov TOtovBe, et Ti<i Trpd<i Tol<i jxeXXovaiV Kal 
 TCL yey ovoTa irdvTa elBelr) Kal to, vvv ovTa, Kal fjL7]Bev dyvool ; 20 
 (f>(o/iiev yap Tiva elvai avTov. ov yap olfiat tovtov ye €ti dv 
 eiirotf; ovBeva eTTLo-TTjfjLoveaTepov ^wvTa elvai. Ov B^]Ta. ToBe 
 Brj eTi irpoaTToOcOf Tt9 avTOv tmv eiriaTT] jxmv iroiel evBai/jbova ; 
 rj diraaai ofioiay^ ; OvBa/ii(o<; 6fjiOLa)<;, <i<f)r). 'AXXa iroia fid- 
 XiaTa ; y tl olBev Kal tcov ovtcov Kal tmv yeyovoTOJV Kal tmv 25 
 fieXXovTcov eaeaOai ; dpd ye y to ireTTevTiKov ; Tlolov, rj B* 
 09, ireTTevTiKov ; *AW* y to XoyiaTiKOV ; OvBa/jia)<;. *AXX* 
 y TO vyieivov ; MdXXov, €(f)7j. *EKeivrj 8* rjv Xeyco fidXiaTa^ 
 rjv K eyco, y tI ; ^Hi to dyadov, €<f)7], Kal to KaKov. ^H /miape, 
 e^rjv eyw, irdXai pie 7repieXKei<; kvkXq), d'rroKpvirTOfievo'i oti ov 30 
 TO tTriaTrjfiovax; rjv ^rjv to ev irpdTTeiv Te Kal evBaifioveiv 
 TToiovv, ovBe crvfiTracTMV twv dXXwv eiriaTTjixwVy dXXa /jLid<; 
 ovcrr)(; TavT7]<; jiovov Trj^; irepl to dyaOov Te Kal KaKOv. eireiy 
 Si KpiTia, el OeXei^i e^eXelv TavTr)V ttjv eTnaTrjfirjv Ik tcov dXXoov 
 
24 HAATONOS 
 
 eTTLaTrj/Jicov, tjttov tl y) /jlcv larpLKr) vytatveiv iroirjcreLy rj Be ctkv- 
 TiKT) vTToBeBeaOaL, rj Be v(f>avTiKr) ^/JL(j>L€adai^ y Be KV^epvrjriKr) 
 KcoXvaet iv rrj daXdrrrj aTTodvpa/cetv koI t] arpaTrjyi/cr) ev iro- 
 Xe/JLO) ; OvBev yrrop, e^rj. 'AXX', w ^iXe J^piTia^ to ev ye 
 5 TovTcov efcaarra yiyvecrOai koI ox^eXtz-tco? aTroXeXotTro? 97/xa? 
 earaL ravTT)^ airovaT)^. ^AXrjdi] Xeyec^. Ou^ avrrj Be 76, «? 
 eoLKev, earlv rj acocjypoavvr)^ ^9 epyov iarlv ro w<^e\elv rifJLd<i. ov 
 yap iTTta-TTjiJLcov re /cal dveTno-Trj/noavpo^v rj einaTrj^ir] iariv, 
 dWa dyadov re Koi /ca/cov ' (ixne el avTrj iarlv cocfyeXcp'O';, y 
 
 10 o-(0(f)poavvr) dWo tl dv elr} r/filv. Tt B\ rj B' 0?, ovk dv avTij 
 (O(f>e\ol ; el yap 6 tl fiaXLaTa rSyv i7rLaTr)/JL(ov iTna-TijfJLT) earlv 
 rf (7(d(^po(Tvvri^ iTTLCTTaTel Be /cal TaU dX\aL<; e7rL(TTi]/xaL<;, /cal 
 TavTr]<; B^qwov dv dp')(pvaa T7]<; irepl TayaObv eVto-TT^/x?;? cocjyeXol 
 dv i^fid^i. *H /cdv vyLaiveLV ttolol, tjv B* iyco, avTr), dXX" oif^^ rj 
 
 15 laTpL/cq ; /cal ToXXa to, tmv Te')(vS)v avTrj dv ttolol, /cal ou;^ at 
 dXXaL TO avTTJ^ epyov e/cdaT7j ; rj ov irdXaL BLefJiapTvpofieda, otl 
 €7rL(TTi]iJLr]<; fjbovov earlv /cal dveirLaTrjpLoavvri^ eTnaTrjfJir), dXXov 
 Be ovBevo^ ' ov^ ovtco ; ^aiveTal ye. Ovk dpa vyLeCa'^ earaL 
 Br}/JLL0vpy6<;. Ov BrjTa. "AXX?;9 yap rjv re^i^?;? vyceLa ' rj ov ; 
 
 20 "AXX?;?. OvB* dpa cw^eXta?, & eralpe • dXXrj yap av direBofiev 
 TOVTO TO epyov TC'^^vrj vvvBij ' rj ydp ; Udvv ye. n<w? ovv Q)(j)e- 
 XL/Jbo<; earaL rj aco(f)poavvr)., ovBefiLa^; ©^eXta? ovaa Br}/jLL0Vpy6<; ; 
 OuSa/>tco9, a) ^(o/cpare^^ eoL/cev ye. 
 
 23. 'O/oa? ovv, a> KpLria, w? €70) irdXaL el/coro)^ iBeBoL/crj /cal 
 
 25 BLKaL(o<i ifiavrov yTL(0/JLr)V otl ovBev ')(p7]arov irepl a(0(j)poavvr}<; 
 aKOTTM ; ov ydp dv rrov 6 ye KoXXLarov nravrcov ofMoXoyelraL 
 elvaL, TOVTO r)pLLV dvw^eXh e(f)dvr), et tl ifjiov o<^eXo9 rjv 7rpo<; ro 
 «:aX(W9 ^r)reLV. vvv Be — 7ravTa')(r} ydp r)TT(o/JLeOa^ /cal ov Bvvd- 
 fjLeda evpelv icj)' oro) irore rcov ovrcov 6 6vo/jiaro6err)^ rovro rov- 
 
 30 vo/ia edero, rrjv aco^poavvrjv. KairoL iroXXd ye avyKe'x^MpiJKa/JLev 
 ov avfjL^alvovd' ^/jllv rep Xoyqy. /cal ydp €7riaTr)ixr)v eTTLaT'^/JLrj^; 
 elvaL avve')((opr)aaiJLev, ov/c icovro^ rod Xoyov ovBe (j)da/covro<; 
 elvaL • /cal ravrrj av rrj iirLar'^/jirj /cal rd rcov dXXcov eTrLarrjfiMV 
 epya yLyvQ)a/ceLv avve-x^coprjaafxev, ovBe rovr eoivro^ rod Xoyov, 
 
XAPMIAHS. 25 
 
 Xva Br) rjfJLiv yevoiro 6 a(0(f)pcov eTrKnrnxMv wv re olhev^ otl olSev, 
 KoX wv fXT] olSev, OTL ov/c ol8ev. rovTO /jLev Br) koi iravTairaat 
 fjueyaXoTTpeTTco^ o-f ^'e%ft)/^7jo■a/xe^', ovB' eTricrKe^^dixevoi to aBvvaTOV 
 elvat, a ri? fir) olSev fir)BafjL(0'^, TavTa elBevac ajxo)^ <ye tto)? ' otl 
 yap ovK olSev, (j)r)alv avTa elhevaL r) r)ixeT6pa o/jLoXoyia. /caLTOL, 5 
 0)9 iywjxaL, ovBevo<^ otov ov')(l aXoycoTepov tovt dv ^aveCr). aXX 
 6/JLCo^ ovT(o<; r)iJL(av evr)6LK0)V TV')(pvaa r) l^r)Tr)(TL^ kol ov a/cXr)p(ov, 
 ovBev TL jxaXXov evpelv BvvaTaL Tr)v aXijOeLav, aXXa ToaovTov 
 KaTeyeXaaev uvty)^^ waTe r)ixel^ irdXaL avvofjLoXoyovvT€<i kol 
 av/jLTrXciTTOVTe^ iTLOe/neOa aco(f)poavvr)V elvaL, tovto '^/jllv irdvv 10 
 v/3pLaTLK0j<; av(0(f)€Xe(; 6v aTr€(f>aLvi. to jxev ovv ijxov kol tjttov 
 ayavanTw ' virep Be aov, rjv B' iyd)^ & ^apfxlBr)^ irdvv dyavaKTc^^ 
 el av TOLOVTO'^ (bv Tr)V IBeav koL tt/oo? tovtco Tr)V '>^V')(r)V aox^po- 
 z^eo-Taro?, fjLr)Bev 6vr)aeL diro TavTr)^; Trj(; (T(i)(f)po<Jvvr)<^ /jLr)B6 tl ae 
 dycjieXrjaeL ev tw /Sto) irapovcra. €TL Be fiaXXov dyavaKTw virep 15 
 TTJ? e7r(pBr)<;, r)V irapa tov SpaKO^ efiadov, el fJLr)Bevo(; d^iov irpdy- 
 jxaTO^ ovaav avTr)V jxeTa TroXXr)^; ctttovBt)^ ifidvdavov. Tairr' 
 OVV irdvv fjLev ov/c otofxaL ovt(o<; e')(eLV^ dXX ifxe (f)avXov elvaL 
 ^r]Tr)T7)v ' eirel Trjv ye aco(f)poavvr)V p,eya tl dyadov elvaL, Kal 
 elirep ye e^j^et? avTo, fxatcdpLov elvaL ae. dXX' opa el €;^ei? re 20 
 /cal )ir)Bev BeeL ty)^ eircpBr)^ ' el yap e;\;et9, jjloXXov av €70)76 aoL 
 avfi^ovXevaaL/jLL ifie jxev Xrjpov r)yela6aL elvaL Kal dBvvaTov 
 Xoyo) oTLovv i^r)Telv, aeavTov Be, oawirep acocfipoveo-Tepof; el, 
 ToaovTO) elvaL /cal evBaLfioveaTepov. 
 
 24. Kal ^apfjLiBr)<^, 'AXXa )ia Ala, y B* 09, eycoye, o) ^co- 25 
 KpaTe^, OVK olBa ovt el e)(^co ovt el fir) €)(^co. 7r(W9 yap av 
 €lBeLi)v 6 ye /jLr)S* vfieL<; olol re eVre e^evpelv 6 tl ttot eaTiv, 
 o)9 (jyy^i (TV ; iyw fievTOL ov iravv aoL TretOofiaL, Kal efxavTvv, 
 ft) %(aKpaTe^, irdw olfiaL BeladaL Trj<; 67ro)S^9, Kal to y ifjLov 
 ovBev K(oXv6L iiraBeaOaL vtto aov ocraL yfiepaL, eft)9 av (f)j]<; av 30 
 iKav(x)<; e-^eLV. F^lev dXX\ e^r) 6 KpLTia<;, m ^apfxlBr), Bpa 
 TOVTO ' ejJiOLy eaTaL tovto TeKjJbrjpLov otl ao)(f)poveL^, rjv eirdBeLV 
 7rap€)(r)(i ^(OKpdTeL Kal jxr) diroXeLTrr) tovtov /jLrJTe fieya fziJTe 
 ajJbLKpov. 'II9 CLKoXovOrjaovTo^, e(j>r), Kal fir) diroXeLyfrofievov ' 
 
26 HAATONOS XAPMIAHS. 
 
 Eeiva yap av iroLoirjv, el fir) weidoLfjbrjv aol to3 eVtr/ooTTft) Kal 
 /jLT) ttololtjv a KeXevei^;. *AWa firjv, e(j)7jy KeXevco ejcoye. Ilot- 
 7]aa) TOLVVV, e<^?;, airo ravrrjal t^? rjjjLepa^; dp^dfJL6V0<;. Ovtol, 
 'qv h* iya)j tI ^ovKeveaOov iroielv ; OvSev, €(j)7] 6 l^appLihrj^;, 
 
 5 dWa. ^€ffou\ev/j,e6a. ^Ldaei apa, tJv 8' iycOy Kal ovS* dvd- 
 KpLO-LV fioL Bcoaec^; ; '^119 fftaaofjuivov, e<firj, iireihrjirep oBe ye 
 iiriTciTTeL • tt/oo? ravra av av fiovXevov 6 rt nroirjaeL^. 'AXV 
 ovBepLia, €(j)7jv iyo), XeLirerai fiovXrj • aol yap i'lTL'xeLpovvTi 
 iTpaTTeiv oTiovv Kal ffia^ofievo) ouSet? 0*09 r eVrat ivavTLOV- 
 
 10 aOai dvOpcoircov. M.rf roivvv, y 3' 09, firjBe av ivavTLOv. Ov 
 Tolvvv, Tjv 3' €70), evavTL(oaop,ai. 
 
HAATONOS AAXHS. 2/ 
 
 AAXHS 
 
 ^ vepl dvdpeias. 
 
 Time: About 420 b.c, (v. Introd., p. xviii). Place: A palaestra. 
 
 TA TOY AIAAOrOY nPOsnoA 
 
 AY5IMAX02, MEAH2IAS, NIKIA2, AAXH2, HAIAES AY^I- 
 MAXOY KAI MEAHSIOY, :§OKPATH2. 
 
 1. TeOeaade jiev top dvBpa fjLa')(^6/jLevov iv ottXoc^, w Nt/cia re 
 Kal Ad'^rj^i ' ov S' eveKa vfid^ i/ceXevaafJiev avvOedaaaOai iyo) 
 re KOI MeXr;o-ta? ohe, Tore fiev ovk eiTro/jLev, vvv 8' epovjxev. 
 '^yovfieda jdp 'x^prjvac tt/oo? ye i)/>ta? TrappTjacd^eadaL. elal ydp 
 TLve^ OL Tft)i^ TOLOVTcov KUTayeXcoac, Kal idv Ti9 avrol^ av/jL^ov- 5 
 Xeva-TjraL, ovk dv eliroiev a voovatv, dWd (TTO')(^a^6fjL€voc tov 
 (rv/jb^ovXevo/jL€vov dXXa Xeyovcn irapd ttjv avrcjv Bo^av • vfjLd<; 
 8e rjixei^ r/yrjadfjievoL Kal iKavoi)^ yvoivai Kal yvovra^; aTrXco? dv 
 elirelv d SoKel vjuv, ovrco 7rapeXd/3o/jLev eirl rrjv av/jLl3ovXr)V irepl 
 S)v fMeXXofiev dvaKoivovaOai. eariv ovv tovto, irepl ov wdXat 10 
 Toaaura TrpooL/xcd^Ofjiat, roSe. yfilv elalv uet? ovtoll, ohe fiev 
 rov8e, irdiTTTOV e^cov ovofia SovkvSlStj^;, e/1,09 Be av oSe^ iraiT- 
 TTMOV Se Kal oiJTOi; ovofi e^^t tov/jlov irarpo^' ^ ApLareihrjv yap ' 
 avTOV KaXov/jLev. rjfuv ovv tovtcov BeSoKTai eirt/jLeXTjOrjvai «? 
 olov re fidXcara, Kal fjirj woLrjaat oirep ol iroXXoi, eTrecBr} fietpd- 15 
 Kta yeyovev, dvelvai avTOxs o tl fiovXovraL iroLelv, dXXd vvv Brf 
 Kal dp')(eadai avrcov eTTLfieXelaOai KaO^ oaov olol r ia/xev. el- 
 hore^ ovv Kal v/jllv vel^; ovra^ ^ek avfjL^ovXrjv v/xa? irapeKaXe- 
 aa/Jiev on* -^yrjadfieOa /jbe/jieXrjKevat irepl avTOJV, etirep tktIv 
 dXXoL<;, TTO)? dv OepaTrevOevre^; yevotvro dpiaroi • el 8' dpa 20 
 iToXXdKL<^ /JLT) 7rpoaeo-')(r}KaTe tov vovv tw tolovtw, virofivrjaovTe^ 
 
28 HAATONOS 
 
 OTL ov ')(pr) avTOV afxekelv, teal jrapaKaXovvre^ vfxa^i iirl to eVt- 
 fjbeXeidv nva iroirjaaadai tmv vewv kolvt) /leO' rj/jicov. 
 
 2. "OOev he tjimv ravr eho^ev, w 'Nt/cia re kol Aa^r;?, 'X^pr) 
 CLKOVcrai, Kav y oXiyco jxaKpOTepa. avaaLTOV/jLev yap Br) eya) re 
 5 Kal MeX7;o-ta9 o8e, koX rjfjLLV ra p^eipaKia irapaaLrel. oirep ovv 
 Kol ap')(oiJLevo^ elirov rod Xoyov, TrapprjaiaaofieOa tt/oo? v/jud'^. 
 r]fjL(x)v yap eKdTepo<; irepl rod eavrov iraTpb^ iroXXa /cal fcaXd 
 epya e'X^ec Xeyeiv 7rp6<; rov^ veaviaKOV^, Kal oaa ev TroXe/jLO) 
 elpydaavTO fcal oaa ev elprjvrj, hiOLKOVvre'^ rd re tmv avjufjid'x^cov 
 
 10 /cal ra tt}? iroXeco^' y/juerepa 8' avrcov epya ovSeT€po<; ep^et 
 Xeyeiv. ravra Srj v7raLa')(^vv6/jLe0d re rovahe Kal alrLco/jieda T0v<i 
 7rarepa<i tj/jlcov, on rj/jid'i fiev eicov Tpv(^dv, eTreihr) /jLetpdKia eye- 
 vofieSa, ra Be tmv dXXcov irpdyixara eirpaTTOV • Kal TolaBe toU 
 veavLCTKOt^ avra ravra evBeiKvvfjLeOa, Xeyovre^ on, el /jlcv d/jie- 
 
 15 Xr]aovaiv eavrcjv Kal fir) Treicrovrat r)/JLiV, a/cXeet? yevr)aovrai, 
 el S' iTTLfJLeX'qcrovraL, rd')^ av t(ov ovo/jidrcov d^toc yevotvro a 
 exovcTiV. ovroL )iev ovv cjyaalv irelaecrOaf rjpLel^ Be Br) rovro 
 aKOTTOvfiev, ri av ovroi /jLa66vre<i r) e7nrr)Bevoravre<; 6 n dpicrroi 
 yevotvro. el(Tr)yr)aaro ovv rt? r)ixlv Kal rovro ro /jLdOr)/jia, on 
 
 20 KaXbv etr) rw ve(p fiaOelv ev OTrXof? fidxeaOaL • Kal eirrjvei rov- 
 rov ov vvv v/jLeL<; eOedaaaOe emBeiKVvixevov, Kar eKeXeve Oedora- 
 aOat. eBo^e Br) ^^/o^Ji^at avrov^ re eXOelv errl Oeav rdvBpo^ Kal 
 v/jLd<i avfjLirapaXa^elv d/jia fiev avvOeard^, d)ia Be o-v/a^ovXovf; 
 re Kal kolvcovov^, edv ^ovXr)ade, irepl tt)? roiv vecov eVt/xeXeta?. 
 
 25 ravr earlv a e^ovXoixeda vpfiv dvaKOivdyaacrdai. rjBr) ovv vfie- 
 
 , q ' repov pL€po^ avix(3ovXeveLV Kal irepl rovrov rod fxaOrjixaro^, etre 
 BoKel XPV^^^ fxavOdveiv etre fJti), Kal rrepl rcov dXXoov, et rt 
 e^ere eiratveaat /jLd6r)iJLa veo) dvBpl r) eirtr'^Bev/jLa, Kal rrepl rrj<; 
 Kotvcovta^ Xeyetv oirolov rt Trotijaere. 
 
 30 3. NI. '£70) /jtev, S) Avatfiaxe koI M.eXr)(Tta, erraivoy re 
 v/jLMV rr)V Btdvotav Kal Kotvcovelv eroljjio^, ol/jtat Be Kal Aa^T^ra 
 rovBe. 
 
 AA. 'KXr)6ri yap otei, & Ni/cta. &)? o ye eXeyev 6 Kvat- 
 jxaxp'^ dprt irepl rov irarpb<; rod avrov re Kal rod M.eXr)atov, 
 
AAXHS. 29 
 
 TTcivu fjLOL BoKel €v clpTjaOaL Kal €t9 iK€ivov<; KOI €t9 r)iJba<i koI 
 et? a'TravTa<i oaoi ra rcov iroXeoov irpdrrovaiv, on avrol^ ayehov 
 rt ravra av/jL^aivet, a ovro^i Xeyei, Kal irepl iralSa^ Kal irepl 
 TokXa tSia, oXtycapcof; re Kal a/jL€X(b<i SiariOeaOai. ravTa /xev 
 ovv KaXm \e7et9, a> Avaifiaxe ' on 8' rj/jia^ fiev av/jL^ovXov<; 5 
 irapaKaXel^i iirl rrjv rcav veaviGKcov iraiheiav, ^(OKpdrri hk rovhe 
 ov TrapaKaXel*;, Oavpid^w, Tvpoirov /xev ovra BrjpLorrjv, eirecra ev- 
 ravOa ael ra? hiaTpi^a'^ Trocovfievov, ottov tl ean tcov tolovtcov 
 wv av ^r)TeL^ irepl rois veov^; rj pbdOr^p^a rj iirirriSev/ia koXov. 
 
 AT. Ilai? Xeyei^, w Ad')(r]^ ; ^(OKpdrr)^ yap oSe nvo^; rSiV 10 
 tolovtcov einpLeXeLav TreiroiriTai ; 
 
 AA. Yidvv /JL6V ovv^ w Avaiixa')(e. 
 
 NI. ToOto pi€V aoL Kav iyoD exoi/JH elirelv ov 'xelpov Aa;^?;- 
 T09 • Kal yap avTO) /jlol evay')(^o^ dvhpa Trpov^evrjae tw vet 
 StSdaKaXov /xofcrt/CT)?. * Ay aOoKXeov^ pLaOriTrjV Adp^cova, avhpSyv 15 
 'X^apceaTaTOV ov /jlovov ttjv fiovatKrjv, dXXa Kal TaXXa oiroaa 
 povXei d^LOV avvhiaTpifieLV Tr)XLKOVTOL<; v6avLaK0i<;. 
 
 4. AT. OvTOL, a> ^(DKpaTe^ re Kal Nt/cta Kal Ad^^rjf;, ol rfXi- 
 Koi eyu> €TL ycyvcoaKOfjuev tois vecoTepov^;, are /car oiKiav tcl 
 TToXXd 8iaTpiffovTe<; viro ttj^ rfXiKia^i' dXX el tl Kal av, w Tral 20 
 ^(0(f)povL(TKOV, e%et9 Ta)Be tm aavTOV Stj/jlottj dyaOov av/i^ovXev- 
 crai^ )(^p7j (TV/jL^ovXeveiv. hiKato^i B* el' Kal yap 7raTpiK0<^ -qiuv 
 (fyiXo^ Tvyx^dvet^; mv del yap iyco Kal 6 ao'^ TraTrjp eTacpco re 
 Kal <j>lXco rifJiev, Kal irpoTepov eKelvo^ eTeXevTrjae, irplv tl €/jloI 
 hieve')(P rival, irepic^epei he tl^; pie Kal P'Vripir) dpTt TcovBe Xeyov- 25 
 Tcov' TO, yap /jLecpdKca TdSe tt/oo? dXXrjXov(; olkol BiaXeyop^evot 
 dapid i7n/JLep>vr]VTat ^coKpdTOV<; Kal a<f)6Bpa iiraLvovaiv ' ov / 
 pevTOL TTcoTTore avTois dvrjpcoTrjcra, el tov ^wcppovlaKOV Xeyoiev. 
 dXX\ a) TratSe?, XeyeTe puoi, 08' eaTl ^coKpdTr)^;, irepl ov eKdaTOTe 
 p^epLvqade ; 30 
 
 HAL Yidvv pev ovv, a> irdTep, ovto<^. 
 
 AT. E5 ye vtj TrfV ''Hpav, & 'EcoKpaTe^, otl opdoU tov iraTepa, 
 dptaTov dvhpoyv ovTa, Kal dXXco^; Kal Br} Kal on oiKela ra re 
 ad riplv inrdp^ei Kal aol Ta rjpeTepa. 
 
30 HAATfiNOS 
 
 A A. K.al fJLrfV, (B KvcTiixa'xe, /jlt) a(f)Lea6 ye Tavhp6<i' q)<; iyo) 
 
 KOI aXkodl ye avrbv iOeaad/jirjv ov fiovov rov irarepa aWa koX 
 
 Tr)V TrarpiSa opOovvra • iv yap tt} airo AtjXlov (f>vyy fjuer c/jlov 
 
 a-vvavex(*^pei^ Kayca croi Xeyco on el ^ol* dXkoi rjOeXov tolovtoc 
 
 5 elvac, opOr) av rjjJiSiv r] woXl^ rjv koI ovk av eireae Tore tolovtov 
 
 TTTW/Jia. 
 
 AT. *I1 ^(jUKpare^^ ovto<; /jievroi 6 eiraivof; iarLv KaXo^;, 6v 
 av vvv eTvaivel vir avhpoiv d^Lcov inaTevecrOai koI eh ravra 
 €t9 a ovTOt eTraivovaiv. ev ovv caOi on iyco ravra dfcovcov 
 
 lo %at/3« on evhoKLjiel^, Kal av he rjyov fjue iv rot'; y €vvovardroL<; 
 
 &0L elvai. XPV^ /^^^ °^^ ^^'' irporepov ae (f)0Lrdv avrov irap 
 
 '^fjid<; Kal olKeiov^ rjyeladaL, wairep ro hUaiov ' vvv 8* ovv diro 
 
 . rriahe rrj^; r)/jLepa<;, eTreiBr} dveyvoopLaa/Jiev dXXT^Xovi, /jltj aXXco^; 
 
 TTOLCL, dXXd avveaOC re Kal yvcopi^e Kal -qfxd^ Kal rovaSe rov<; 
 
 IK vecorepov^;, otto)? dv Siaaco^rjre Kal vfieU rr)V rj/jLerepav <^iXCav. 
 ravra fiev ovv Kal av iroirjaei'i Kal r^pbel^i ae Kal avOi^ vrropivrj- 
 aofiev ' irepl he wv rjp^diieOa ri (pare ; rC BoKel ; ro fidOij/JLa 
 roU /JLeLpaKioif; eTririjSeiov elvai rj ov, ro jxaOelv iv oTrXot? 
 IJLd')(eadai ; 
 
 2o 5. 211. 'A\X<x Kal rovrcov irepi, w A.va(,ixa')(e, eycoye weipd- 
 aofiai av/jL^ovXevetv dv n Svvco/jiaL, Kal av a irpOKaXel irdvra 
 TTOielv. BiKaLorarov fxevroi fioc BoKel elvat, ifie vecorepov ovra 
 rcbvhe Kal direiporepov rovrcov aKOvetv irporepov ri Xiyovaiv Kal 
 fxavOdveiv Trap avrcbv ' idv 8' e^i^o) n dXXo irapd rd viro roxh 
 
 25 r(ov Xeyojxeva, ror tJBt] BtSdaKeiv Kal irelOeiv Kal ae Kal rov- 
 rov^. dXX\ a> NiKia, ri ov Xeyet irorepo^ v/jloov ; 
 
 NI. 'AXX' ovBev KcoXvec, w ^d)Kpare<;. BoKel yap i/xol rovro 
 ro /jbdOy/jLa TOt? i^eot? ot)(f)eXi/iiov elvai iiriaraaOai 7roXXa)(^^. 
 Kal yap ro /jlt) dXXoOi Biarpi/Seiv, iv oU Br) ^tXovaiv ol veoi rd'; 
 
 30 Biarpi^d<; iroielaOai, orav a')(^oXr)v dycoaiv, dXX' iv rovro), ev 
 ey^et, oOev Kal ro aco/jua fieXnov Xa')(^eiv dvdyKj) — ovBevo<; ydp 
 rct>v yvfivaatcov cfyavXorepov ovB' iXdrrco rrovov €')(^ec — Kal dfia 
 rrpoarjKei fxaXiar iXevOepco rovro re ro yv/uuvdatov Kal rj lir- 
 iTiKT) ' ov ydp dycovo'; dOXrjrai iafiev Kal iv oU rjfjuv 6 dydiv 
 
AAXHS. 31 
 
 irpo/ceiraiy jjlovol ovtoi jv/jLvd^ovraL ol ev rovroL^i rot? irepl tov 
 TToXe/JLOv 6pydvoL<i yv/jLva^ofievoi. eirena ovrjaeu fiev n tovto 
 TO /xdOrj/jLa kol ev ttj /J'd')(^r} avrrj, orav ev rd^ei her) fid'^eadat 
 fjiera iroXkwv dWcov • fxeyiarov fievTOC avrov 6(f)eXo^, orav 
 XvOwaLV at rd^et^ kol rjhri tlvcl Bey /jlovov 7rpo<; fjLovov rj BtQ>- 5 
 Kovra a/jLVvo/jLevo) rcvl eiriOeaOaL rj kol ev (j)vyrj eircTLdefJievov 
 dWov dfivvaadai avrov ' ov rav viro je evb<i eh 6 rovr e-mard- 
 /Lievo<; ovBev av 7rd6oL, lo-(o<; S' ov8e vtto rrXeiovcov, aXXa Trav- 
 Ta'xj) av ravrrj irXeoveKTol. en Be Kal eh aXXov koXov 
 lxa6rjp.aT0^ eTTiOv/jLiav Trapa/caXel to toiovtoV ttcl^ jyap av 10 
 fjiaOoDV ev oTrXofc? /xd'^^eaOat eTnOvpLrjaeie Kal tov ef ^9 fxadrjixa- 
 TO^ TOV irepl Ta? rd^ei^, Kal Tavra Xa/Scbv Kal (f)cXoTtiJir]OeU ev 
 avTol<; eirl ttolv av to rrepl Ta<i aTpaTrjyCa^ op/ju'^aete ' Kal '^Brj 
 BrjXov OTL Ta tovtcov e')(6ixeva Kal fiaOrjiiaTa irdvTa Kal eTrtTr)- 
 Bev/JLaTa Kal KaXa Kal ttoXXou d^ca dvBpl /juaOelv re Kal eiriTT]- 15 
 Bevaai, wv KadriyrjaaLT av tovto to /jiddrj/jia. irpoaOrjaofxev S* 
 avTcp ov a/jLLKpav TrpoadrjKr^v, otl irdvTa dvBpa ev iroXefxa) Kal 
 6appaXe(OTepov Kal dvBpetoTepov av TTOirjaeiev avTOV avTOV ovk 
 0X170) avTT) 7] einaT'qixr]. /jltj aTifidaco/jiev Be elirelv, el Kal T(p 
 o-fjLLKpoTepov BoKel elvat, otl Kal eva')(r] fxoveo-Tepov evTavOa ov 20 
 P^/ot; tov dvBpa evcr')(r] pLOveaTepov ^alvecrOai, ov dpa Kal Beivo- 
 repo^ Tol<^ exOpol<i (jiavetTai Bid ttjv eva'xr]P'0(TVVT)V. epiol p,ev 
 ovv, a> Avaip^axe, wcrirep Xeyco, BoKel re %/07)z^at BtBdaKeiv tov^; 
 veavlaKOV^ TavTa Kal Bi a BoKel etp^Ka ' Aa^?;T09 B\ et tl rrapd 
 ravTa Xeyet, kclv avTo^ ^Seoj? aKOvaaip^i. 25 
 
 6. A A. 'AXX' eaTi fiev, & Nt/cta, y^aXeirov Xeyeiv irepl 
 OTOVovv pa6rjp>aT0<;, o)? ov XPl P'CH^^dveiv ' irdvTa yap eirldTa- 
 adaL dyaOov BoKel elvat. Kal Br] Kal to ottXitlkov tovto, el fiev 
 iaTiv /jid6r)p.a, oirep (fyaalv ol BiBdcrKOVTe^, Kal olov l!>iLKia<; 
 Xeyei, ')(^prj avTO fiavOdveiV el B* eorTLV p,ev fir) /jLd6r)/JLa, dXX* 30 
 i^aTraTcoaiv ol vTn(T')(Vovp,evoL, 7} p^ddrjfjba fiev Tvy')(^dvei ov, p,r) 
 fJLevTOi Trdvv awovBalov, tl Kal BeoL av avTO p^avOdveLV ; Xeyco 
 Be TavTa irepl avTOv eh rdBe aTroySXei^a?, otl olfiaL eyw tovto, 
 el tI rjv, ovk av XeXr)6evaL AaKeBaLp,ovLov<;, oh ovBev dXXo jxeXeL 
 
32 HAATfiNOS 
 
 iv TO) picp ^ rovTO ^rjrelv koX einTriheveLV, 6 rt av yu-a^oWe? Ka\ 
 iTTLTrjSevaavTe^ irXeoveKTolev rcov aWcov Trepl top TroXe/jLov. el 
 S* iK€iVOV<; eXeKrjOeiv, aW ov rovrov^ ye tov<; BiSaaKaXovi 
 avTov ^XeXrjOeiv avro tovto, on eKelvoi /jLaXtara rwv '^XXr^vwv 
 5 aTTOvSd^ovaiv eirl rol^ tolovtol^ /cal on irap eKelvoi^ av n<; 
 nfJLTjdeh ek ravra /cat Trapa roiv aXXcov irXelar' av epja^oLTo 
 ^^^pTj/nara, o)(T7rep ye /cal rpaywhla'; TrolTjrrjf; Trap' rjiuv n/jurjOeL^. 
 TOiydproi o? av otrjTat rpaycohiav KaXoi^ iroielv, ovk e^codev 
 KV/cXo) irepl rrjv 'Arn/crjv Kara ra? dXXa'^ TroXet? eTnheiKVv- 
 
 lo (xevo^ Trepcep'x^eTaL, dXX* ev9v<; Bevpo (peperat Kal tolctB' einheL- 
 Kwaiv eLKOTQ)'; • Tov^ 8e iv oTTXoi<; /jLa)(^o/jLevov(; €760 tovtov^ opo) 
 T7]V /JLev AaKeSai/JLOva r^yovixevov^ elvai d/Sarov lepov Kal ovhe 
 aKpo) TToBl iTTi/SaLVOvra^, kvkXo) Se Trepuovra^! avTrjv Kal Trdat 
 fiaXXov eTTiheiKWiievovf;, Kal /judXcara tovtol^ ot kclv avTol 
 
 15 o/JLoXoy^aetav ttoXXov^; a(j)a)v Trporepovf; elvat irpo^ rd tov 
 iroXefjLOV. 
 
 7. "ETretra, a> Av(Tifia')(e, ov irdvv oXiyoc^ eyco tovtcov nrapa- 
 yeyova iv avrw to) epyo), Kal opco olol elatv. e^ecrn Be Kal 
 avTodev rjiuv aK€yjra(r6ai. wairep yap iTTiTrjBe^ ovBeU ironTroT 
 
 20 evBoKt/jLO^; yeyovev iv tw TroXe/jLO) dvrjp tojv rd oirXiTiKa iirLTr)- 
 BevadvToov. KaiToi et? ye rdXXa irdvra iK tovtcov ol ovo/JLaaTol 
 ylyvovTai, iK to)v iTriTJjBevo-dvTcov eKaaTa' ovtol B\ oj? eot/ce, 
 irapd Tov^; dXXov^; ovtco cr(j)6Bpa ek tovto BeBvaTV^^^yKaacv. 
 iirel Kal tovtov tov ^TrjaiXetov, ov vfieU fieT ifiov iv toctovtw 
 
 25 o')(Xo) iOedcraorOe iTrtBetKVv/jievov Kal Ta fieydXa Trepl avTOV 
 XeyovTa a eXeyev, eTepco6L iyco koXXlov iOeaadfirjv iv ttj dXr]- 
 Oeia ft)? dXr^Ooy^ iTTcBecKVv/JLevov ov')^ eKovTa. Trpoa ^aXovarj^ 
 yap tt}? z^ew? e(^' 77 iire^dTevev tt/oo? oXKdBa Tivd, iixd')(^eT0 e)(cov 
 BopvBpeTravov, Biacfyepov Br) ottXov aTe Kal avTCx^ tmv dXXcov 
 
 30 Bta(f)epQ)v. Ta fiev ovv dXXa ovk d^ia Xeyetv Trepl TavBpo^, to 
 Be <j6(^i(TiJLa TO TOV BpeTtdvov tov tt/oo? t^ ^07%?7 olov aTre^r]. 
 fxa'Xpixevov yap avTOV ivea'x^eTo ttov iv toU tt}^ veco'^ orKeveaiv 
 Kal dvTeXdjBeTO ' elXKev ovv 6 ^TrjaiXeo)^; ^ovXafxevo^ dTroXvaac, 
 Kal oup^ oto9 T rjv rj Be vav^i ttjv vavv Trapyet. Teco^i fxev ovv 
 
AAXHS. 33 
 
 irapeOei iv rrj vrj'l' avTe')(6iJLevo^ rov 86paTO<; ' eVet Be Sr} waprj- 
 /leL^ero t) vav<; ttjv vavv Kal eireaira avrhv rov Boparo^ i')(o- , 
 fievov, i^Cet to Bopv Bid tt}? x^tpo^;, eW aKpov rov arvpaKO^ 
 avreXd/Sero. r^v Be yeXo)^ /cat Kporo^ virb rcov €k tt)? 6\KdBo<; 
 eiTL re ra> a'^^ij/jLart avrov, Kal eTreiBr] ^aXovro'^ TLVo<i XiOcp irapa 5 
 T0U9 7r6Ba<; avrov eirl to KaTaaTpcofia a^ierai tov BopaTO^;, tot 
 TjBrj /cat ol etc T7]<; Tptijpov; oviceTi oloC t rjo-av tov jeXcoTa Ka- 
 Tex^Lv, 6pcovTe<i alcopovfjievov etc t^9 6\KdBo<; to BopvBpeiravov 
 e/celvo. taco^ fjiev ovv eXrj av tI TavTa, coairep Nt/cta? Xeyet ' oh 
 8' ovv iyo) evTeTV'XTjKa, Totavr drra eaTiv. 10 
 
 8. '^O ovv Kal ef dp')(rj<^ elirov, otl etre ovtco^ fxiKpa^ oj^eXta? 
 e')(ei fJidO'qixa 6V, eiTe^fxr) 6v, (f)aal Kal irpoairoLOVVTat avTO elvat 
 fiddrj/jLa, ovK d^tov iin'Xjeipelv /jbavOdvecv. Kal yap ovv /jlol BoKel, 
 el fJLev BetX6<; tl<; q)V ololto avTov eiTLaTaaOai, OpaavTepo<; av 
 Bi' avTO yevofxevo^ e'Tn(^aveaTepo<i yevoiTO olo^ rjv el Be dv- 15 
 Bpelo^;, ^vXaTTOjxevo^ dv viro tcjv dvOpdyircDv, el Kal a/jUKpov 
 i^afJidpTOC, jxeydXa^ dv Bia^oXd^ Xa')(eiv * eirl^Oovo^i yap r] 
 7rpocr7roor)(Ti(; rrj? TOiavTrj^ eTTLCTTrjiJiT)^, war el fxr) tl Oav^aaTov 
 ocrov Bca(j)epei Trj dpeTrj t(ov dXXcov, ovk ea6^ ottcj)? dv tl^ cfyvyot 
 TO KaTayeXacTTO^ yeveaOac, cfydaKcov €')(eLV TavTtjv ttjv einaTr}- 20 
 fjLT^v. TOLavTT] Ti? e/JLOtye BoKel, w Ava i iia')(e, 17 Trepl tovto to 
 fxdOrjp,a elvac airovBrj • ^^77 8' oirep aoi ef dp')(rj^ eXeyov, Kal 
 ^(OKpaTT] TovBe /JLTj d(f)Levat, dXXd BelaOat avfi^ovXeveiv otttj 
 BoKel avTw Trepl tov TrpoKeifxevov. 
 
 AT. 'AXX,a Beofiac 670)76, a> ^coKpaTe^ ^ Kal yap wcrTrep €TL 25 
 TOV BiaKpLvovvTO<i BoKel fJLOi Belv y/JLcv 17 0ovXi]. el fiev yap 
 (TVve^epeaOr^v Ta)Be, tjttov dv tov tolovtov eBec ' vvv Be — ttjv 
 evavTiav ydp, «? opa<;, Aa;^?/? ^tKia eOeTO — ev By e'xei dKOv- 
 aat Kal (rov, Trorepo) rolv dvBpolv av/ii'\jr7)<f)o<; el. 
 
 9. 2n. Tl Be, a> Auo-t/xa^^e ; oiroTep' dv ol irXeiov^ eTratVM- 30 
 (TLV rjfiMV, TOVTOL<; /jL€XXet<; ')(^pria6ai ; 
 
 AT. Tt yap dv tl^ Kal ttoioI, a> ^(OKpaTe^; ; 
 SIl. 'H Kal (TV, a> M.eXr)(Tia, ovt(o<^ dv 7roiol<; ; kuv et ti<; 
 Trepl dyoovLa^; tov veo^; croi ^ovXrj ecij tl 'x^pr] ddKelv, dpa toI<; 
 
34 HAATftNOS 
 
 irXeiOCTLV av rj/jicjv ireiOoLO, rj ' Keivcp ocrn^; rvyy^dvei vtto iratSo- 
 rpi^rj ayaOo) ireTraihevixevo^; /cat rjcr/cij/cco^ ; 
 
 ME. 'EifceLvo) cIko^; ye, w ^oo/cpaTe';. 
 
 Sn. AvTO) ap av fxaWov TretOoLO rj rerrapaLv ovaiv 
 5 ^fJLLV; 
 
 ME. "I(7ft)?. 
 
 Sn. 'ETTLaTrj/jirj yap olfiat Bet Kpivea-Oat oKX ov TrXrjOeL to 
 fieWov Ka\(o<; KpiOrjaeaOai. 
 
 ME. n«9 yap ov ; 
 lo 211. Oufcovv Kal vvv ')(^pr) irpSiTOV avro tovto (TKeyjraa-OaL, el 
 eariv Ti<; '^fjLMV Te')(VLK6<; irepl ov ^ovXevo/jbeOa, rj ov ' Kal el fiev 
 eartv, eKeiV(p Tretdeadac eul ovri, tov<; S' aWov^ eav • el he ixrj, 
 aWov TLva ^rjrelv. rj irepl afiL/cpov otecrOe vvvl Kivhweveiv Kal 
 (TV Kal AvcTL/xaxo'^y aW ov irepl tovtov tov KTrjfxaro^, o t(ov 
 15 vfjierepcov /xeycarov ov Tvy^dvet ; vecov yap ttov rj ')(^pr)aT(av rj 
 ravavTia yevofievcov Kal Tra? 6 ot«:o9 6 tov iraTpo^ ovtco<; oIktj- 
 aeTai, oiroloi av Tive'i ol iralSe^; yevwvTat. 
 
 ME. 'AXrjOrj XeyeL^;. 
 
 SO. UoXXrjv apa Bel it po 1X7)6 lav avTOV €')(eLV. 
 20 ME. Haw ye. 
 
 SI2. n<w9 ovv, iyo) dpTt eXeyov, io-KOirov/jiev av, el e^ov- 
 XofxeOa aKe^jraaOai tl<; rjfiMV irepl aywviav TexviK(OTaT0<; ; dp' 
 ov'x 6 /jLaOcbv Kal iiriTr)Bevaa^, w Kal BtBdaKaXoL dyaOol yeyo- 
 v6Te<; Tjaav avTov tovtov ; 
 25 ME. "E/-tot76 BoKel. 
 
 Sn. OvKOVV €TL irpOTepOV, TlV0<i OVTO^ TOVTOV ^TJTOVfieV TOV^ 
 
 BiBaaKaXovf; ; 
 
 ME. Hm Xeyet^ ; 
 
 10. 2X1. ^USe tVft)? /jLciXXov KaTdBrjXov eaTai. ov fioi BoKel 
 30 ef dp')(rj^ Tj/jiLV Q)fjLoXoy7jaOaL, tl itot iaTlv irepl ov /SovXevo/JieOa 
 Kal aKeiTTOfxeOa, oaTi^ yficov Te')(yLKo<i Kal tovtov eveKa BtBa- 
 (TKaXov^ eKTTjaaTO, Kal 6(ttl<^ jirj. 
 
 NI. O^ ydp, a> ^coKpaTe'i, irepl tov ev oirXotf; /xd')(^eaOai 
 aKOirov/xev, etre p^/>^ avTo rou? veavlaKOV^ fiavOdvetv ecTe firj ; 
 
AAXHS. 35 
 
 Sn. Udvv jxev ovv, & Nt/cta. aXX orav irepl (j^apfidKOV 
 TL<i Tov 7r/309 6(f)0a\iJLOv<; aK07rr]Tat, etre ')(^pr) avrb virakeCcjiecrOai 
 ecre firj, irorepov otec rore elvat rrjv ^ov\r}v irepl tov (f)apfjidicov 
 7} irepl TCJv 6^6a\fJL(xiV ; 
 
 NI. Tlept T(bv 6(f>6a\/jL(x)v. 5 
 
 211. Ovfcovv Kal orav Xirirw ^(aXivov (T/coirrjTai tl<; el irpoaoi- 
 (TT6OV 7) fir}, Kal oirore, rore irov irepl rod lititov /BovXeverat 
 aXX' ov irepl rod '^(^aXivov ; 
 
 NI. 'AXrjerj. 
 
 Sn, Ov/covv evl Xoycp orav Tt9 tl eve/cd tov aKoirrj, irepl 10 
 eiceCvov 77 ^ovXy Tvy^dvec ovora ov eveKa ia-Koiret, aXX' ov irepl 
 TOV 6 eveKa dXXov i^rfTei. 
 
 NI. ^AvdyKTj. 
 
 2n. Ael dpa /cal tov (tv/jl^ovXov (TKOirelv, dpa Texvc/co^; ecrTiv 
 eh eKelvov Oepaireiav, ov eveKa o-KOirovfiev aKoirov/iev. 15 
 
 NI. Udvv ye. 
 
 S£l. OvKOVv vvv (^afiev irepl /jLa6i]/jLaT0^ aKOirelv tt)? '\jrv'y^rj(; 
 eveKa tt)? tcjv veaviaKcov ; 
 
 NI. Na/. 
 
 2ft. "0(TTi<; dpa rjfJLcov TexvLKO^ irepl yjrv^^^fj^; Oepaireiav Kal 20 
 ol6<i re KaX(o<; tovto Oepairevaac, Kal otco BtBdaKaXoL dyadol 
 yeyovaacv tovtov, aKeiTTeov. 
 
 A A. Ill he, & 'EcoKpaTe^ ; ovirco ecopaKa^} dvev ScSaaKdXcov 
 Te'xyiK(OTepov<^ yeyov6Ta<; ek evta 7) fieTa SiBaaKdXcov ; 
 
 Sft. "£70)76, & Aa;^?/? • oh ye aif ovk av edeXoi^; irLaTevaai, 25 
 el cjyalev dyaOol elvai B-qp^iovpyoi, el pbTj tI ctol Trj<; avToov Te')(yr]^ 
 epyov e^oiev einSel^ai ev elpyaa/ievov, Kal ev Kal irXeioo. 
 
 AA. Tovto fxev dXrjOri Xeyei?. 
 
 11. Eft. Kat ^Jfta? dpa hel, w Kd')(r]^ re Kal l^iKia, iireiBrj 
 AvaljJLaxo^ Kal MeXr]o-La<; eh av/JLjSovXrjv irapeKaXeadTrjV rjfid^; 30 
 irepl Tolv iieoLv, irpoOv/jLov/jievoL avTolv 6 tl dpL(JTa<; yeveaOaL 
 Ta^; yjrv^df;^ el fiev (j>aiiiev e')(eLv, eiTLSel^aL avToh Kal BiBa- 
 aKoXov^ 0LTLve<; rjfjicov yeyovacnv, ^o'l* avTol irpcoTOV dyaOol 
 ovTe^ Kal iroXX(ov vecov TedepairevKOTe^ yjrvxd<; eireiTa Kal 
 
36 HAATfiNOS 
 
 rjfjia^ hihd^aVTe^ ^aivovrai • rj et Ti? '^fjLcov avTMV eavra BtSd- 
 CTKaXov fjiev ov ^rjai yeyovevac, dW' ovv epya avTO<i avrov 
 e%€t etTrelp, /cal iTrtSel^ac, rlve^ 'AOijvaioyv rj tmv ^evcov, rj 
 SovXot rj iXevdepoL, 8l eKelvov 6/jio\oyovfjLevoi)<i dyaOol yeyova- 
 5 atv ' el Se /xrjBeu rjfjilv tovtcov v7rdp')(^6L, dWov<; Kekevecv ^ijrelv 
 Koi fJLTj ev iraipcov dvBpcov veaiv KLvhvveveiv hLa^6eLpovTa<; rrjv 
 fjLeylarrjV alrlav e^eiv viro rcov ol/ceiordrcov. iyco jxev ovv, co 
 Avo-i/jLa')(€ T€ fcal MeXijaia, irpcaro^ Trepl ifiavrov Xeyco on 
 BiSdcTKaXo^ /JLOL ou yeyove tovtov irept. Kairoi i7ndv/jL(b ye rod 
 
 10 Trpdy/jLaro^ ifc veov dp^d/ievo^. dXXd rot? /xev aocfyLaral^ ovk 
 €)(^(o reXelv /jiiadov^;, oiirep \x6voi eirriyyeXXovTo pie oloC r elvai 
 iroirjcrai KaXov re icdyaOov ' avro^ 8' av evpelv rrjv T€')(y7]v dhv- 
 vara) en vvvi. el he Nt/cta? t) Ad^rj^; r)vp7]/cev rj pbepidOrjKeVj 
 OVK av Oav/jidijaLfiL • koL yap y^p'qfjLaaiv e/jLov BwarcorepoL, ware 
 
 15 fxaOelv Trap dXXcov, Kal d/xa Trpea^vTepoi, ware 7]8r} rjvprjKevac, 
 BoKOvat Si] fioc Bvvarol elvai iraihevaai dvOpcoirov ' ov yap dv 
 TTore aSeco? dire^aLVOVTO Trepl iTnrrjSev/jLdTCOv veco ^^prjarMV re 
 fcal TTOvrjpMV, el fjirj avToh eTTLarevov iKavSi^ elhevai. rd fiev 
 OVV dXXa eycoye tovtol<; Tnarevco ' on Be Bta^epeo-dov dXXi]- 
 
 20 Xoiv, iOavfjiaaa. rovro ovv aov iyco dvnBeo/jLaL, a> AvaL/jLa'x^e, 
 KaOdirep dpn Ad^r)<; fir] dc^ieaOaL ae ijxov BLe/ceXevero dXXd 
 ipayrdv, Kal iyo) vvv TrapaKeXevofxai aot /x^ dcfyiecrOaL Aa^T^ro? 
 IJLr)Be Nt/cibf, dXX' epcordv Xeyovra, on 6 fiev ^wKpdrr]'^ ov 
 (j)r](nv eTrai'eiv Trepl rov Trpdy/JLaTO^;, ouS' iKavo^; elvai BtaKplvai 
 
 25 oTTorepo^; vficov dXijOrj Xeyei • ovre yap evperrj^; ovre /JLaOrjTrj^; ov- 
 Bevb^; Trepl tmv tolovtcov yey ovevac • av B\ a> Ad')(r]^ Kal ^lklu^ 
 eiTverov r)pJiv eKdrepo^^, tivl Brj Beivordrq) avyyeyovarov Trepl ri}? 
 TMV vecov T/3O0i)9, Kal TTorepa /xaOovre Trapd rov eTTio-raaOov rj 
 avTO) e^evpovre, Kal el fiev fiaOovre, rk 6 BtBdaKaXo^; eKarepw 
 
 30 Kal Tive<i dXXoL 6fi6Te')(VOi avrol's, tV, dv firj vfilv (T'^^oXrj y vtto 
 T(ov T779 TToXeo)? Trpayfidrcov, eV eKeLVOV<^ tcofiev Kal Treidcofiev 
 rj BcopoL^ rj ')(dpi(TLV rj dfi<f}6repa eTTLfieXrfOrjvat Kal tmv yfierepayv 
 Kal TMV vfierepcov TraiBcov, ottco^; firj KaTaia')(yv(0(TL tov^ avrcav 
 Tvpoyovov^ ^avXoi yevofievoc • et 8' avrol evperal yeyovore tov 
 
AAXHS. 37 
 
 TOiovTOV, Bore TrapdSety/JLa, rivcov tJSt] dWcov eTrt/jLeXr] Sevres ifc 
 <^av\(DV Ka\ov<; re KayaOov<; iTroirjcrare. el yap vvv dp^eaOe 
 TTpcoTOV TraiBeveiv, aKOirelv ')(^pr] fir) ouk iv tw Ka/ot vpTiv 6 kiv- 
 8vvo<i KivBvvevTjraL, aXX' iv tol<; v/ieTepoc^ re koI iv tol<; tojv 
 (jjiXcov iraicTL, Kal arex^oi^ to Xeyofievov Kara ttjv irapoipblav 5 
 vixlv av/jL^aivr) iv iriOcp r) Kepafxeia yiyvo/jLevrj. Xeyere ovv, tl 
 TOVTCov 7) (pare v/jllv virdp'^^eLV re Kal TTpoarjKeLV, rj ov cj^are. 
 ravT, cj AvcTLfiaxe, Trap avrcjv irvvOdvov re Kal fjLT] fieOiet 
 T0U9 dvBpa<;. 
 
 12. AT. KaXw? fxev efioije Bokcl, w dvBpe^, '2,co/cpdrr)<; Xe- 10 
 y6LV ' el Be ^ovXoixevoL^ v/jl2v earc irepX rcov rotovrcov ipcord- 
 aOal re Kal BtBovac Xoyov, avrov^ Brj 'y^py yiyvwaKeiv, a> ^CKia 
 re Kal Aa^r;?. e/jiol fiev yap Kal M-eXTjala rwBe BrjXov on rjBo' 
 (xevoL^ dv ecT], el nravra, a Xci)KpdTr)<; epcora, iOeXoire Xoyw 
 Bie^ievai * Kal yap i^ ^/^X^? evrevdev yp^ofxrjv Xeycov, ore eZ? 15 
 av/jL^ovXrjv Bid ravra vfid^ TrapaKaXeaaifiev, on fiefjLeXrjKevac 
 v/jlIv rjyov/jLeda, &)? elKo^, irepl tmv tolovtcov, Kal dXX(o<; Kal 
 iireLBr) ol 7ralBe<; vfilv oXlyov Morirep ol rjfierepoL rjXiKLav 
 €)(ov(n iraiBeveordai. el ovv vfilv /jlt] n Btacj^epei, eXirare Kal 
 KOLVTJ jxerd ^coKpdTOV<; aKe^jraade, BcBovTe^; re Kal Be')(^6/iievot 20 
 Xoyov Trap* dXXrjXcov ' ev yap Kal rovro Xeyet oBe, on irepl 
 Tov fieyiarov vvv ^ovXevofxeOa to)V rjjjLerepojv. dXX^ opdre el 
 BoKel ')(^prjvaL ovreo iroLelv. 
 
 NI. ^11 Kvaip^aye, BoKel^ ixoi to? dXrjOax; ^WKpdrr] irarpo- 
 6ev yiyvcaG-Keiv jiovov, avTM B* ov avyyeyovevai dX>C rj iraiBl 25 
 ovn, et TTOV iv rol^ B7)[x6raL<; fierd tov iraTpo^i aKoXovdcov 
 iirXTjaLaaev aoL rj iv lepco rj iv dXXq) tw avXXoyo) tmv Btj/jlo- 
 Tcov ' iTrecBr) Be irpea-^vTepo'i yeyovev^ ovk ivTeTVXr]KQ)<; roS 
 dvBpl BrjXo<; el. 
 
 AT. Tl ixaXia-Ta, o) NiKLa ; 30 
 
 13. NI. Ov jJLOL BoKeL<; elBevac otl, 09 dv iyyvrara ^(OKpd- 
 Tov<; y Xoyw, Kal TrXrja-id^y BiaXeyofievo^, dvdyKJ] avrcp, idv 
 dpa Kal Trepl dXXov tov irpoTepov dp^rjraL BtaXeyeadai, fir] 
 iraveadai viro tovtov irepLayofievov to3 Xoyw, irplv ^dv* 
 
38 HAATfiNOS 
 
 ifjiirearj eh to hcBovai irepl avrov \6yov, ovTiva rpoirov vvv 
 re ^T) Kol ovTiva rov TrapeXrfKvOoTa ^lov ffe^Lco/cev' eireihav 
 K ifjLiriarjy on ov irporepov avrov aifii'jaei X(OKpdrr)<;, irplv av 
 ^aaavlar) ravra ev t€ koI Ka\S)^ airavTa • eya> he avvr]6r)<; re 
 5 el/JLt TcGSe Kal olB* on avar^Kir) viro rovrov Trda^ecv ravra, Kal 
 en ye avr6<; on Treiaofiac ravra ev olBa • %atp&) ydp, w Avai- 
 fia^e, T&j avhpl TrXrjaLd^cov, Kal ovBev olfxai KaKov elvac ro 
 VTTO/jLi/jivrjaKea-dai 6 n firj /^aXco? rj ire7roL7]Kafiev rj Troiov/jbev, 
 dX)C et9 rov eirecra jBiov irpofjLrjOeo-repov dvdyKT} elvao rov 
 
 lo ravra fjurj (jyevyovra, dW* eOeXovra Kara ro rov ^o\a)vo<; Kal 
 a^iovvra fJuavOdvetv ecoaTrep dv ^jj, Kal /jlt) olofievov avro ro 
 yrjpa<; vovv e')(ov irpocnevai. ifjLol fxev ovv ovBev drjOe^; ov8* 
 av dr}Be<; virb '^coKpdrov<; jSaaavi^eadai,, aXXd Kal rrdXat cx^' 
 Bov n yTTtardfMTjv, on ov irepl rcov fMetpaKCcov r]iuv 6 Xoyoq 
 
 15 eaouro ^(OKpdrov; rrapovro^, dXXd irepl rjfjLcov avrcov. oirep 
 ovv Xeyco, ro fxev ifiov ovBev KwXvei XcoKpdret o-vvBcarpl/SeLV 
 OTTft)? ovro^ povXerai • Ad'^Tjra Be rovBe opa otto)? e^et irepl 
 rov rooovrov. 
 
 14. AA. 'AirXovv ro y ifiov, w NiKta, irepl X6yo)v earlv • 
 
 20 el Be povXeiy ov^ dirXovv, dXXd BlttXovv. Kal yap dv Bo^ai/jbl 
 r(p (f)LX6Xoyo<; elvai, Kal av fitaoXoyo^. orav fiev yap aKOVCo 
 dvBpo<; irepl dperrj<i BiaXeyofievov rj irepl nvo<; ao(f)ia<; o)? dXr]- 
 6(0<i ovro^ dvBpbf; Kal d^lov rcjv Xoycov wv Xeyei, x^^P^ virep- 
 <t>v(b<i, OedyjJbevo^ dfia rov re Xeyovra Kal rd Xeyo/jueva on 
 
 25 irpeiTovra aXX^Xoa Kal dp/juorrovrd ean • Kal KOjJbiBfj /jlol 
 BoKel /jlov(tlk6(; 6 roLovro<; elvat, dpfiovlav KaXXia-rrjv rjp/JLO- 
 (T/jLevo<; ov Xvpav ovBe iratBcd^ opyava, dXXd toS ovn ^rjv 
 r}p/jLoo-/JLevo<; ev avro<; avrov rov jBiov avjm^covov rot? X6yoi<; 
 Trpo? rd epya, dre^vo^^ Bcopiarl dXX' ovk laarl olfxai ovBe 
 
 30 (fypvyLcrrl ovBs XvBi(Tri, dXX* rjirep fxovr] 'FiXXrjj/OKT] eanv 
 dpfjLovLa. 6 fjbev ovv rotovro<; ;^a//06ii^ fxe irocel (f)deyy6fjLevo^ 
 Kal BoKelv orcpovv (fyiXoXoyov elvat • ovrco a^oBpa diroBexo/Jiat. 
 irap avrov rd Xeyo/neva • o Be rdvavria rovrov irpdrroov Xvirel 
 fie, oao) dv Bok^ dfieivov Xeyeiv, roaovrrp fidXXov, Kal irotel 
 
AAXHS. , 39 
 
 av BoK€Lv elvai ixiaoXoyov. ^(OKpdrovf; S* iyco rcov fiev Xoyoov 
 ovfc e^ireupo^ elfic, aWa Trporepov, &>? eoiK6, roiv epjcov iirei- 
 pdOr)Vf Kal eKel avTOV rjvpov a^iov ovra Xoycov koXcov koI 
 irdar]^ irapp'qala^. ei ovv Kal tovto e%et, avfJL^ovXofMat 
 rdvSpij Kal 7]Bi(TT dv i^era^olfjLTjv vtto tov tolovtov, Kal ovk 5 
 dv d^Ooi/jLTjv fJLavOdvoav, dWd Kal iyco rat ^oXwul, ev jjlovov 
 irpoaXajBdiVf (Tvy^copco • yqpdaKwv yap iroXkd BiBdo-Keadat 
 idiXo) VTTO '^7)aT(bv /jlovov. tovto yap /jlol avy^copeiTco, dya- 
 60V Kal avTOV elvai tov BiBdaKaXov, iva fir] Bva/jLadr)<^ cl)alvcO' 
 jxai drjBco<; fxavOdvcov el Be ved)Tepe^ 6 BiBdaKCOv eaTai rj /jL^ttco 10 
 ev Bo^y o)V rj to dWo tmv tolovtcov e')((ov, ovBev fioi fieXet. aol 
 ovv, 0) Xd}KpaTe<^, iyco iirayyeXXo/JiaL Kal BiBdaKeiv Kal eXey^etv 
 ifie 6 TC dv ffovXrj, Kal fiavOdveuv ye 6 tl av eyd) olBa • ovt(o av 
 Trap ifiol BtdKetaao dir eKeivr]<^ ttji; '^fjLepa<;, fj fieT ifJLOv crvv- 
 BieKivBvveva-a^ Kal eB(OKa<; aavTOV irelpav dpeTrj<;, rjv 'x^pr) B1B6- 15 
 vat TOV fiiXXovTa BiKaio)^ Bcoaetv. Xey ovv 6 tl (tol (jyiXov, 
 fXTjBev TTjv rj/xeTepav rfXcKiav viroXoyov iroiovfievo'^. 
 
 15. ^11. Ov Ta v/ieTepa, co? eotKev, alTiaao/jieOa /jltj oi^x^ 
 eTolfia elvat Kal avfji^ovXevetv Kal a-va-KOirelv. 
 
 AT. *AXV rj/jieTepov Br] epyov, w ScoKpaTef;- eva yap ae 20 
 eycoye rj/jucov tlOtj/jlc ' (TKOTret ovv dvT e/xov virep tmv veavicTKCov, 
 6 TL BeojjLeOa irapd TwvBe irvvOdveaOaL, Kal avfij^ovXeve BloXc- 
 y6fJLevo<; T0VT0L<;. eyo) fiev yap Kal eirLXavBdvofiaL rjBr] Ta 
 iroXXd Bid T7]v rjXLKiav oiv dv BLavorjOS) ipeaOaL, Kal av d 
 dv dKovacOf edv ye /leTa^v dXXot XoyoL yevcovTaL, ov irdvv 25 
 /jLe/Jbvr]/jLaL. vfiel^ ovv XeyeTe Kal Bii^LTe irpo'; vfid^ avTov^ 
 irepl 03V irpovOejJbeOa • iydt B* dKovo-OfiaL Kal dKOVcra^ av jxeTa 
 MeXrja-Lov TovBe iroLrjao) tovto 6 tl dv Kal vfilv BoKy. 
 
 Xn. TletcTTeov, o) l>lLKia re Kal Ad^V^t AvaL/Jud^o) Kal 
 MeXyaLa. a fiev ovv vvvBr] e'ire')(eLprjaaixev aKOirelv, TLve<; 01 30 
 BiBdcTKaXoL rj/JLLV t^9 TOLavTT]^ TraLBela^; yeyovaaLV rj rtm? 
 dXXov<; ^eXTLov<; TreiroLtjKafiev, Xa(o<; fiev ov KaK(o<; e%et efera- 
 ^€LV Kal Ta TOLavTa rj/id^; avTOv<;' dXX* olfxaL Kal 77 TOidBe 
 (rKe\jrL<; et? TavTov (l)epeL, a')(eBov Be tl Kal fidXXov ef a/3%^9 
 
40 EAATfiNOS 
 
 €L7j dv. el yap Tvy')(^dvo/iiev iTrtard/jievoi orovovv nrepL, otl nrapa- 
 yevofievov rw ^eXnov Trotel eKelvo (L irapeyeveTO, koI irpoaeri 
 otoL T€ iajjiev avTO iroielv irapayiyveaOai eKelvw, BrjXov on, 
 avTO ye tajJiev tovto, ov irepi avfMjSovXot av yevoifieOa cb? dv 
 5 Tfc9 avTO paara koI dptar av KTijcrairo. ta(D<; ovv ov fxavOd- 
 vere jiiov 6 n \eyco, dX)C wSe paov pbaOrjaea-Oe. el Tvy')(^dvoiJiev 
 eTrcardfJLevoi, ore oylra Trapayevo/xevrj 6(j)6a\/uLol<; /SeXrtou? iroiel 
 eKelvov^ ol<^ irapeyevero, Kal irpoaen oloi r iafjuev irotelv avrrjv 
 Trapayiyveadai ofifjuaai, BfjXov otl o'^^lv ye tafxev avrrjv otl 
 lo TTOT eaTLv, rj<; irepL (tv/jl^ovXol dv yevoifieda co? dv tl<; av- 
 TTjv pacTTa Kal dptaTa KTrjaaLTO. el yap fjur^h avTO tovto 
 elSelfMev, 6 tl itot eaTLv o^jn^; tj 6 tl ecTTLV clkoi], crp^oX^ dv 
 (TV^^ovXoL ye d^LOL Xoyov yevoifjueda Kal laTpol rj irepl 6(f)6aX- 
 fjLcov rj irepl coTCdV^ ovTiva Tpoirov aKorjv rj oyjfLV KoXXLaT dv 
 IS KTrjo-aiTO TL<;. 
 
 AA. *AX7jdrj XeyeL<;, w 'EcoKpaTe^;. 
 
 16. Sn. OvKovv, ft) A.d')(7}<;, Kal vvv rj/jbd^; rcoSe TrapaKoXel- 
 Tov el<i avfjL^ovXTJv, tlv dv Tpoirov tol<; veaLv avTcov dpeTrj 
 irapayevo/jLevrj Tal<; '^v^aU d/jLeLvov<i TroirjaeLe ; 
 20 AA. Ildvv ye. 
 
 2n. ^Ap ovv TOVTO y v7rdp')(eLV hel, to elSevaL 6 tl itot 
 ecTTLV dpeTTj ; el ydp ttov fJLrjK dpeTr)v elSeL/uuev to irapdirav 
 TL TTore TVy')(dveL ov, tlv dv Tpoirov tovtov (tv/i^ovXol yevoi- 
 fieda OTWOVV, oirco^ dv avTO KoXXLaTa KTrjaaLTo ; 
 25 A A. OvSeva, efJUOLye BoKel, ft> ^(OKpaTe<;. 
 
 Sn. ^a/iiev dpa, ft) Aa%7;9, elBevaL avTo o tl eaTLV. 
 
 AA. ^a/ji€V fJLevTOL. 
 
 2n. OvKOVv 6 ye LO-fiev, Kdv etiroLfiev hrjirov tl eaTLV. 
 
 AA. ITg)? ydp ov ; 
 30 2^11. M?7 TOLVvv, ft) dpLCTTe, irepl 6Xr)<^ dpeTrj^ ev6ea)<^ aKOwdh 
 fieda • TrXeov ydp tacof; epyov • dXXd /jLepov<; tlvo^; irepL irpoiTOV 
 tScofiev, el lKava)<; e-^ofiev irpo<^ to elSevaL • Kal t)p>Lv, (o<; to 
 elKOf;, pacov rj aKeyjrLf; eaTaL. 
 
 AA. 'AXX' ovTOD TTOLMfMev, ft) 1d)KpaTe<;, &)9 <rv ^ovXeL. 
 
AAXHS. 41 
 
 212. Tt ovv av irpoeXoL/iieOa tmv tt)? aperrjg fiepoov ; rj 
 SrjXov Br) oTL rovro et? o reiveiv BokcI rj iv rol<; oTrXoi? fiddrj- 
 ai<i ; BoK€L Bi irov Tol<i ttoXXoZ? eh avBpeiav. rj yap ; 
 
 AA. Kal fjLcika Br) ovrco BoKel. 
 
 2n. TovTO TOivvv irpcoTov eTrc^eLprjaco/jLev, m Aa^?;?, elirelvj 5 
 avBpeta tl ttot eariv • eTretra fjuera tovto aKe-y^oiieda koI otw 
 av rpoTTW TOL<; veaviaKOi^ Trapayevotro, Kad* oaov olov re e'f 
 67riTr)B€V/jLdTcov T6 Kal /j>adr)/jLdT(ov irapayevdadai. akXa Treipco 
 elirelv o Xiyco, ri iariv dvBpela. 
 
 17. AA. Ov fjLCb Tov Ala, w ^a)KpaT6<;, ov '^aXeirov elirelv • 10 
 el yap ti^ edeXoi iv rrj rd^ei /juevcov d/jLvveadai rov'g iroXefxlov; 
 Kal /jLT) <f>evyoi, ev tadc ore dvBpe2o<; av etr). 
 
 Sn. Ev fxev XeyeL<;, co Ad)(7)<i • aXX* to-o)? iyo) atno^, ov 
 (ra(f)Si<i elTTCov, to ae cnroKplvaa-OaL fir) tovto o Biavoovfjuevo^ 
 iQp6/ji7)v, dXX' €Tepov. 15 
 
 A A. lift)? TOVTO XeyeL<i, S) %Q)KpaTe<; ; 
 
 Sn. 'Eyo) <f)pda(o, edv ol6<; re yevcDfiai. avBpel6<^ irov ov- 
 T0<;, ov teal cri) Xeyei^, 09 av iv Tjj Td^ec fievcov /jLd^7)Tac toc^; 
 iroXefiloi^. 
 
 A A. 'E^ft) yovv ^7)fil. 20 
 
 Sn. Kal yap iyw. dXXd tl av oBe, 09 av <f>evy(ov fjLd^7)Tai, 
 T0Z9 TToXejJLiOL^, dXXd fir) fievcov; 
 
 AA. nft>9 <f>evy(ov ; 
 
 ^n. ''fl<T7rep irov Kal ^Kvdai XeyovTat, 01)% tjttov cpev- 
 yovTe<; rj BL(OK0VTe<; fid')(^eaOat, Kal "Ofir)p6<^ irov iiraivwv 25 
 T0U9 Tov Alvelov Lirirov<; k pa cirvd fidX^ evOa Kal 
 evOa e^T) avTOix; iirlaTaaOai B c co k e i v yBe ^e /Be- 
 ad ac Kal avTov TOV Alvelav KaTa tovt iveKCOfilaae, KaTo, 
 TY)v TOV (po/Sou iirio-TtjfiTjv, Kal elirev avTov elvai fiijaTcopa 
 (j)6fioto. 30 
 
 AA. Kal KaXco<; ye, co ^(OKpaTe<; • irepl dpfidTcov yap eXeye • 
 Kal (TV TO Tcov %Kvd(ov liTiTewv irepi Xeyet^;. to fiev yap iiriri- 
 Kov TO iKelvcov ovTW fidx^Taif to Be oitXltlkov to ye t(ov 
 FiXXyjvcov, C09 iyo) Xeyco. 
 
42 HAATfiNOS 
 
 Zfl. TI\7]v <y to-ft)?, w Kd-^T]^, TO AaKehaLjJLoviWv. AaK€~ 
 8aifJLOVLOV<; yap <f>aaLV iv YWaraLal^^ eVetS?) ttjOO? Tot9 yeppo- 
 4>6pOLf; iyepovTO, ou/c iOikeiv fjL6Vovra<; Trpo? avrovf; jjLd)(^6a6ai, 
 dWa ^evyeiv, iirecSr) S' iXvOrjcrav at Ta^eL^; tmv Ilepaoyv, dva- 
 5 (TTp€(j)o/jL6Vov<; coanep tTTTrea? pidx^aOai koX ovtcd VLKYjaaL rrjv 
 eK6t ixd')(r]v. 
 
 AA. 'A\r)6r] Xeyet^. 
 
 18. ^n. TovTO TOLVvv apTt eXeyov, on eyo) alnofi /jltj Ka\M<; 
 ae diroKpivaaOaij ore ov Ka\a)<; ypofjLrjv. fiov\6/JL€Vo<i ydp aov 
 
 lo irvOeadai fir} fiovov tov^; iv tco oirXiTLKut dvBpelovf;, dWd Kai 
 Tovf; iv T(p Ittttikm koi iv av/XTravrt rtp iroXefJULKm etheu, Kal 
 fxrj fjLovov T0v<; iv tgj TroXefKo, dXXd Kal tov<; iv Tolf; Trpo? rrjv 
 OdXarrav KtvBvvoL<; dvBp€iov<; ovTa^;, Kal oaoi ye 7rpb<i v6aov<i 
 Kal o(TOi TTjOo? Trevia^ r) koi 7rp6<; rd nroXtTLKd dvBpeloL elaiv, 
 
 15 Kal en av /jltj fiovov oaoi irpo^ Xvira^ dvSpelol elo-iv rj (po/Sovf;, 
 dXXd Kal 7r/309 i7rL0vfjLLa<; rj '^Sovd^ BeLVol fid')(e(T6ai, fxevovTe^ 
 rf dvaarpe^ovTe<^ — elal ydp ttov nve<;y w Aa^'779, Kal iv Tot<; 
 T0C0VT0t<; dvBpetoL. 
 
 AA. Kal (TcffoSpa, o) ^coKpare^;. 
 
 20 ^n. OvKovv dvBpelot fiev iravre^ ovroi elacv, dXX* 01 fiev 
 iv TjBoval^, ol K iv XviraL^, ol B* iv i7n6ufiiaL<;, 01 S' iv ^6^ol<; 
 rrjv dvBpetav eKTrjVTat' ol Be y olfiat BetXiav iv rot? avrolf; 
 
 T0VT0t<^. 
 
 AA. Ildvv ye. 
 25 SO. Tt TTore ov cKarepov tovtcov, tovto iirvvOavofirjv. 
 irdXiv ovv Tretpco elirelv dvBpeiav irpcjTov, rl ov iv irdat 
 T0VT0t<; ravTov ianv • rj ovrrrco KarafiavOdvet^i o Xeyco ; 
 
 AA. Ov irdvv n. 
 
 19. Sft. 'AW* a)Be Xe^cr), axTTrep dv el Td')(o<^ rjpdiTOiV rl 
 30 iTor icTTLV, o Kal iv to3 rpe'^eiv Tvy)(^dvei ov rffuv Kal iv rw 
 
 KiOapi^eiv Kal iv np Xeyecv Kal iv rep fLavddveuv Kal iv dXXoi<; 
 TToXXoU, Kal a')(eB6v n avro KeKrrjfxeOa, ov Kal irepi d^iov 
 XeyeiVf rj iv Tal<; twv x^tpoov irpd^ecrtv rj crKeXcbv rj (TT6fiaT6<s 
 re Kal (pcovrj^; rj Bidvola'^ • r) oif^ ovrco Kal av Xeyei,<; ; 
 
AAXHS. 43 
 
 AA. Hdvv ye. 
 
 Sfl. Et rolvvv Tt? fJbe epoiro • &> ScoKpaT6<;, tl Xe^et? rovro, 
 b iv Traacv ovo/jLa^eL^; rax^Trjra elvat ; eiTrot/u,^ av avr^, ore 
 TTjv iv oXiyw %/ooVft) ttoWcl hLairpaTTOfxevr^v SvpafiLV ra'^vrrJTa 
 eyoaye KaXco koX irepl ^(ovr]v koI irepl Spofiov koI irepl raXka 5 
 iravTa. 
 
 AA. '0/D^w9 76 ai) Xeycjv. 
 
 Sn. Ueipcj By Kal av, m Aa^?;?, rrjv avBpeiav ovtco<; elirelv, 
 r/? ovaa hvvafXL^ rj avrrj iv rjSovfj Kal iv XvTrrj Kal iv airaaiv 
 ot9 vvvBr) iXiyo/juev avryv elvai, eireira dvBpela KeKXrjrat. lo 
 
 AA. AoKet TOLVvv /jlol Kaprepia rt? eivao t^? '»/^i^%%> eZ to 
 ye Bid irdvTcov \^7repl dvEpela^;^ irecfyvKO^ Bel elirelv. 
 
 211. 'AX-Xa fxyv Bel, el ye to ipcorcofievov diroKpLvovfieOa 
 y/jblv avTol<i. TOVTO rolvvv efiotye <f>aiveTai, ^otl* ov tl irdad 
 ye, ot)9 eywjJLat, Kaprepia dvBpela aot (fyaiverac reKixaipofiai Be 15 
 ivOevBe • a'^eBov yap n olBa, c5 Ad^V^^ on rwv irdvv Ka\(bv 
 irpayfjbdrcov rjyel av dvBpelav elvau. 
 
 AA. Ey fjiev ovv tadt on rcov KaWlarcov. 
 
 Sn. OvKOVV r) fiev fjuerd cjipov^aeco^ Kaprepia KaXrj KayaOr] ; 
 
 A A. Hdvv ye. 20 
 
 Sfl. Tt B* rj fxer d^poavvrjfi ; ov rovvavriov ravrrj ^Xa- 
 fiepd Kal KaKovpyo<; ; 
 
 AA. Nat. 
 
 Sn. K.aX6v ovv n (j)rjaei<; av elvai ro roiovrov, ov KaKovp- 
 yov re Kal fiXa^epov ; 25 
 
 A A. OvKovv BiKaiov ye, o) ^coKparef;. 
 
 2n. OvK dpa rrjv ye rotavrrjv Kaprepiav dvBpeiav ofxoXoyy- 
 aeif; elvat, iTreiBrjirep ov KaXrj ianv, rj Be dvBpeia koXov ianv. 
 
 AA. 'AXrjOrj Xey6t9. 
 
 Sn. 'H (f>p6vLfJL0<i dpa Kaprepia Kara rov aov Xoyov dvBpeia 30 
 av etr]. 
 
 AA. "FiOLKev. 
 
 20. Sft. "IBcofjuev Br], rj eh rl ^p6vi/JL0<; ; rj r) eh diravra 
 Kal rd jxeydXa Kal rd a/XLKpd ; olov et n<; Kaprepel dvaXi- 
 
44 HAATftNOS 
 
 (TK(ov apyvpLov cfypovifjuco^, e/Sco? otl dva\(o<ra<; TrKiov eKTrj- 
 aerai, toutov dvBpelov KaXot<; av ; 
 
 AA. Ma At* ovK eycoye. 
 
 XH. 'AXX* olov 6i Tt? larpcx; mv, TrepLTrXevfiovia rov vio^ 
 5 i-^oixivov rj dWov TLv6<i kol heojievov TTtelv rj cpayelv hovvai, 
 
 /jLT) Kd/JLTTTOLTO oXXoL KapT€pol ,* 
 
 AA. OuS' oTTcoo-TLOvv ovS* aVTT). 
 
 ^n. 'AXX' eV TTdXijJbM /caprepovvra dvSpa koX iOeXovra 
 IJbd')(€adai, <l)povL/JL(o<i Xoyi^ofievov, eihora fiev ore ^or}0)j(7ov- 
 lo (71V dXXoL avrSf 7rpo<; iXdrrovf; Be koI ^avXoTepov<i fjLa')(^etTaL 
 7} /xeO' MU avTOf; iaTcv, en Be ')((opLa e^ei Kpelrra), tovtov top 
 jJLerd T7]<; T0LavT7}<; ^povr]ae(o^ Kal TrapaaKevTjf; Kaprepovvra 
 dvBpetorepov dv <^ai7]<; rj rbv ev rep evavrlw arparoTreBa) eOe- 
 Xovra VTTOfjLeveLv re Kal Kaprepelv ; 
 15 AA, Tov ev rep evavrlw, efjuotye BoKel, m ^WKpare^. 
 
 ^n. ^KXXd firjv d(l>pove(rrepa ye rj rovrov rj rj rod erepov 
 Kaprepla. 
 
 A A. 'AXijOi] Xeyei^. 
 
 XD>. Kal rbv fier eiriarrj pu7}<:i dpa liririKrjf; Kaprepovvra ev 
 20 iTTTTO/jLax^ci, r)rrov <f)rjaei<i avBpelov elvac rj rov dvev e7riarr)/JL7}(;. 
 
 AA. "E/jLoiye BoKel. 
 
 So,. Kal rov fierd o-(f>evBovr)TiKV<; ^ TO^iKr]<i rj dXXrjf; rLvo<; 
 re^vr}<; Kaprepovvra. 
 
 AA. Hdvv ye. 
 25 212. Kal oaot Br] iOeXovo-tv et? (I)peap Karafialvovre^ Kal 
 KoXv/jL^(ovre<; Kaprepelv ev rovrq) roj epyw, /iir) 6vre<; Beuvoi, rj ev 
 rivL dXXo) roLOvrw, dvBpeiorepov; (j)^aeL<; roiv ravra BeiVMV. 
 
 AA. T/ yap dv rL<; dXXo ^ali], o) ^wKpare^ ; 
 
 ^n. OvBev, etirep otoiro ye ovrco<;. 
 30 A A. 'AXXa /jirjv ol/xal ye. 
 
 Xn. Kal fJLrjv TTOV d<^povearep(i)^ ye, w Aa%^9, ol roiovroi 
 KLvBvvevova-lv re Kal Kaprepovaiv rj ol jxerd re^vr}<; avro 
 irpdrrovre<^. 
 
 AA. ^alvovrac. 
 
AAXHS. 
 
 45 
 
 SXl. OvKovv alcT'X^pa r) d(f)pcov ToXfia re Kol KapTeprjai^ Iv 
 T(p irpocrOev icjxivrj rj/iilv ovaa koI ^Xafiepd ; 
 
 AA. TLdvv y€. 
 
 %n. 'H Si <ye dvSpeia S/JLoXoyelro koXov tl elvac. 
 
 AA. ^Q,fio\oy€tTo yap. 5 
 
 Xn. NOi' 8' av irdXiV (fya/xev eKelvo to al(T')^p6v, rrjv d^pova 
 KapreprjaLVy dvBpelav elvai. 
 
 A A. ^RoLKa/jiev. 
 
 XH. Ko-Xw? ovv (Tot BoKovfiev Xeyeiv ; 
 
 AA. Ma Tov Ata, c5 Sd)Kpar6<;, ijxol jJLev ov. 10 
 
 21. Xn. OvK dpa TTOV Kara tov aov Xoyov ScopiaTl rjpfio- 
 afieOa iyco re Kal av, o) Ad^rjf;' Ta yap epya ov av/JL<f)covei 
 rfixlv Tolf; \6yot<;. epyo) fiev ydp, m eoiKe, (f>aL7j dv rt? ?7/xa9 
 dvBpelaf; /lere^j^eti^, Xoytp S\ &)? iywfxai, ovk dvj el vvv rjiiSiV 
 CLKoiKTeie BtaXeyopLevoav. 15 
 
 AA. ^A\r)6€aTaTa Xiyecf;. 
 
 %D,. Tl ovv ; SoKel KaXov elvai ovtco^; ij/^a? Sta/ceLa-Oai, ; 
 
 A A. Oi)8* oircoaTtovv. 
 
 Xn. 3ovXei, ovv M Xeyofjuev ireiOodfieOa to ye ToaovTov ; 
 
 AA. To TToloV hr] TOVTO, Kal TiVi TOVT(p / 20 
 
 Sn. To) X6y(p 09 KapTepelv KeXevec. el ovv ^ovXst, Kal 
 'qfieh eirl Trj ^r)T7]creL eTTLfieLVcojiiev re Kal KapTepTjaoofiev, iva 
 Kal jjbT] yfjicjv avTT} r/ dvSpeia KaTayeXdar), otl ovk dvBpeico<; 
 avTTjv ^rjTov/jLev, el dpa 7roXXdKt<; avTrj rj KapTep7}(TL<i iaTLV 
 dvhpela. 25 
 
 AA. 'E^o) iJbev eToifio<;, c5 SwAT/^are?, fjur) Trpoa^laTaaOai,' 
 Kal Toc d7]67](; y elpX tmv tolovtcov Xoycov • dXXd r/? /le Kal 
 (fyiXovLKia elXrj^ev 7rpo<; Ta elprjfjbeva, Kal cb? dXr}6a)<; dya- 
 vaKTCo, el ovTOoal a vooj /jlt) ot6<; t elpX elirelv. voelv fiev ydp 
 efiocye Bokm irepl dvBpeia<; 6 tl eaTLV, ovk olSa S* oiry fie dpTi 30 
 BLe(f)vyev, waTe /jltj avXXa^elv roS X6y(p avTrjv Kal elirelv o tl 
 ecTTiv. 
 
 Sll. OvKovv, S) (jylXef tov dyadov KVvrjyeTrjv (xeTaOelv '^pr] 
 
 Kal fjuT) dvLevaL. 
 
46 HAATfiNOS 
 
 AA. Tlavrdiraa-i fjuev ovv. 
 
 212. BouXet ovv Koi IS^CKiav rovhe TrapaKaXcofiev iirl to 
 Kvvrjyeo-Lov, €l tl rj/jLMV eviropwrepo^ ianv ; 
 
 AA. ^ovXofiaL • TTW? jap ov ; 
 5 22. 2n. "IOl Brj, ft) Ni/cla, avhpdai ^i\oL<i x^Lfia^o/jievoif; 
 6V \6<y(p KOI airopovaiv ^orjdrjaov, €t riva e^eu^ BvvafiLV. ra 
 jjiev yap Brj rjfierepa opa^ co? airopa' av 8' eliroDV 6 tl 7)j€l 
 dvhpeiav elvac, r)iia<^ re tt}? diT0pia<^ eKXvcrat Kal avro^i a voel^; 
 T(p X6y(p jBe^amaai. 
 lo NI. AoKetre tolvvv /jlol irakaL ov Ka\(o<;, &> XcoKpare^;, opi- 
 ^eaOai rrjv dvhpeiav • o yap iyo) aov '^Bt] KaXco^ \6yovTO<; 
 
 CLKYjKOay TOVTO) OV '^pTjG'Oe. 
 
 So. ITo/ft) hi), ft) ^iKia; 
 
 NI. IloWdici<i aKrjKod (tov \6yoVTO<;, ort ravra dya6o<^ 
 15 €KaaTO<; tj/jLwv, direp aocfto^;, a Be dfjiadrjf;, ravra Be KaK6<;. 
 
 2X1. 'AXrjOrj fievTOi vrj Ala Xeyet^y ft) NiKia. 
 
 NI. OvKovv eiTrep 6 dvBp€lo<i dyad6<;, BrjXov on ao<^6^ icmv. 
 
 SI2. "H/<:of era?, ft) Aa;^?/? ; 
 
 A A. "¥iy(Dye, Kal ov <T(ji6Bpa ye /navOdvo) o XeyeL, 
 20 So. *AXX* iyot) BoK(o jiavOdveiv, Kal fJLOL BoKel dvrjp ao^lav 
 riva rr]V dvBpelav Xeyeiv. 
 
 AA. Yiolav, ft) X(OKpare<;, ao(f>lav ; 
 
 Sfl. OvKovv rovBe rovro €pcora<; ; 
 
 AA. "^ycoye. 
 25 2n. "I61 Bf], avr(p elrre, ft) ^LKla, iroia ao^la dvBpela dv 
 etr) Kara rov aov Xoyov. ov ydp irov rj ye avXyriKij. 
 
 NI. OvBafiw^. 
 
 %fl. OvBe firjv T) Ktdapta-rLKij. 
 
 NI. Ov Brjra. 
 30 So. *AXXd Ti9 Brj avrrj rj rlvof; eTnarTJ/jLT) ; 
 
 AA. Ilaz^u fiev ovv 6p6(x3<^ avrov epcora<;, co X(OKpar€<i, Kal 
 elirerw ye rlva (f^yalv avrrjv elvai. 
 
 NI. Tavrr}v eycoye, ft) Aa^?/?, rrjv rcov Beivtov Kal dappa- 
 Xecov eiriar/]iJL7]v Kal iv 7roXe/ji(p Kal ev roh dXXoi<; diraa-LV. 
 
AAXHS. 
 
 47 
 
 A A. 'fl? droira Xeyeij w XcoKpara. 
 
 Sn. IIpo? Tt TOUT* elvre? /5Xe\|ra9, &> Aa;)^?;? ; 
 
 AA. 11/009 o TL ; %G)/3t9 BtjTTOv aocf^LU iarlv avhpeia^. 
 
 Xn. OvKovv ^rjal ye Nt/cia?. 
 
 AA. Oy fievTOt fia Ala' ravTci rot koI Xrjpel. 5 
 
 2n. OuKOvv SiSdaKcofiev avrov, aXka fit} XoLBopwfiev. 
 
 NI. OvK, aXkd fioL BoKet, w S(OKpaTe<i, Ad^Tjf; iiriOvjJLelv 
 KCLfie (fiavrjvac fjbrjBev Xiyovra, on koI avTO<; apri, roiovTo<; 
 i<f)dvr}. 
 
 23. AA. Udvv jjLev ovVt w Nt/cta, Kal Tretpdo-ofial ye diro- 10 
 (prjvat. ovBev yap Xeyei<; ' eVet avriKa iv ral<i v6aoL<; ov^ 01 
 larpol TO, Beuvd iirLaravTai ; rj ol dvBpeloL BoKovai aoL eVt- 
 araadai ; rj tov<; larpov'i av dvBpelov<; KaXel^; ; 
 
 NI. OuS' 6'ir(0(TTiovv. 
 
 AA. OvSe ye tov<; yeaypyov^i olfiai. Katrot rd ye iv rfj 15 
 yecopyla Betvd ovtol Brjirov iirLaravrat, /cal ol dXXoi Brj/jLcovp- 
 yol d7ravTe<; ra ev Tal<; avrcov Te^vai<^ Beivd re Kal OappaXea 
 taaatv • aXX' ovBev tl fxaXXov ovtol avBpelol elaiv. 
 
 Sn. Tt BoKel Ad^7]<; Xeyeiv, w ^iKia; eoc/cev fievTot Xe- 
 yetv Tc. 20 
 
 NI. Kal yap Xeyet ye re, ov jievToi dXr]0€<; ye. 
 
 ]Sn. IIw? B')] ; 
 
 NI. '^Otl olerai tov^ laTpov^ irXeov ri elBevau irepl Tov<i 
 Kd/jLvovTa<!i rj to vytetvov [^eiTrelv olov^ Te Kal vo(T(oB€<;. ol Be 
 BtJttov ToaovTOV fJLOvov XaaaLV • el Be BeLvov too tovto eaTiv to 25 
 vyualveLV fidXXov rj to KdfMveLV, rjyel crv tovtI, Si Aa;^^?, 
 Tov^ laTpov^ eirlaTaaOaL ; rj ov TroXXot? OLei €K tt)^ 
 vocrov dfJLeLVov eTvaL /j,r) dvaaTrjvaL fj dvaaTTjvai ; tovto yap 
 elwe' av irdaL (f>rj<; dfieLVOv elvac ^rjv Kal ov 7roXXol<; KpelTTov 
 TeOvdvai ; 30 
 
 AA. Ol/juaL eycoye tovto ye. 
 
 NI. or? ovv TedvdvaL XvaiTeXely TavTa oUi Becvd elvai Kal 
 oh ^rjv ; 
 
 A A. OvK eycoye. 
 
48 HAATfiNOS 
 
 NI. *AXXa Tovro Brj av SlBco<; to?9 larpol^; f^iyvoaaKeiv rj 
 dWo) TLvl BijfMcovpyM 7rXr]v rco tcjv Becvayv kol /jlt] Bclvcov eVt- 
 artj/jLOVL, ov 6700 avBpelov koXw ; 
 
 5 A A. "Eijcoyey on ye tov<; fidvT6L<=; Kokel rov^; dvBpeiov^i • rt? 
 yap Br) aWo<; etaerai oro) ajxeivov ^rjv rjv reOvdvai ; Kalroi 
 av, 0) l^iKia, irorepov ofJuoXoyel^ fxavr^; elvat rj ovre /iidvTt<^ 
 0VT6 avBpelo^; ; 
 
 NI. T/ Be ; fidvTei, av otec iTpoarjKei ra Becvd yoyvcoaKetv 
 10 Kal TO, OappaXea ; 
 
 AA. "£70)76 • rivi yap aWcp; 
 
 24. NI. ^D^L iyoD \ey(o ttoXv fidWov, &> ffeXTio-re • eVel 
 fidvTiv ye ra ar^fxela fiovov Bel yiyvdicriceiv twv eao/jLevcov, etre 
 TO) Odvaro^ elre v6ao<^ etre diro/BoXr} ^prj/jidrcov earai, etre 
 15 vIkt) elre r^Tra rj iroXefjuov rj Kal aXX?;? rLvo<; ay(ovia<;' 6 n Be 
 Tft) dfieivov TOVToav rj iradelv rj firj TraOelv, tl /jloXXov /xdvret 
 irpoarjKeL Kplvai rj dWo) orwovv ; 
 
 AA. *AX\' eyoo tovtov ov fJuavOdvco, c5 Sco/cpare?, o ri fiov- 
 Xerai Xeyeiv ' ovre yap p^avrtv ovre larpov ovre dXXov ovBeva 
 20 BrjXoL ovTiva Xeyeu rov dvBpelov, el firj el Oeov rtva Xeyei avrov 
 elvat. e/jLol /lev ovv (fyaiverat Nt/cta? ovk eOeXetv yevvaL(o<; 
 o/JLoXoyetv on ovBev Xeyet, dXXd ar peeper at dvco Kal Kdrco iirt- 
 KpVTrrofievoi; rrjv avrov airopiav' Kalrot kclv r)fiet<; otoi re 
 rjfjbev dprt iyco re Kal av rotavra arpe(j)eaOat, el e^ovXofieOa 
 25 fir) BoKetv evavrla 'i)iM,v avrol^ Xeyetv. el /nev ovv ev BtKaarr)- 
 pt(p Tj/jLtv at Xoyot rjaav, el^ev dv rtva Xoyov ravra rrotelv 
 vvv Be ri dv rt<; ev avvovcria rotaBe fJLarrjv Kevol<=; Xoyot^ avro^i 
 avrov Koa-fJiol ; 
 
 2n. OvBev ovB* ifxol BoKely Si Ad^V^' dXX* opw/JLev /jlt) 
 30 Nt/c/a? oterat rt Xeyetv Kal ov Xoyov eveKa ravra Xeyet. 
 avrov ovv aacfiearepov TrvdcofxeOa ri rrore voet' Kal edv rt 
 <f)aivr)rat Xeycov, avy^coprjaofieda, el Be fir), BtBd^ofiev. 
 
 A A. 2u roivvv, w ^wKpare^, el fiovXet irvvOdveaOat, irvv- 
 Odvov ' iyco B* tcro)? iKavci)<; rreirvafiat. 
 
AAXHS. 49 
 
 ^12. 'A\X' ovBev fie kcoXvcl • kolvt) ryap ecTTai y irvcm^ 
 virep i/JLov re Kal aov. 
 
 AA. Udvv /JL6V ovv. 
 
 25. Sn. Ke^e Bij /jloi, m NtKia, fiaXkov S* 'qfuv • Kocvovfieda 
 yap iyco re Kal Ad^7]<; rbv \6yov • rrjv dvSpelav eTncTTTJ/JLrjv 5 
 0?;? Betvcbv re Kal dappdkecov elvai ; 
 
 NI. "£70)76. 
 
 ^n. ToOto Se ou TravTOf; St) elvao avBpo<; yvcjvaiy oirore ye 
 fXYjTe larpcx; firjre fiavrtf; avro yvaxrerao /JirjBe dvBpe2o<; earat, iav 
 fir) avTTjv TavTTjv ttjv iiTLo-TijfiTjv irpooKd^rj • ou^ ovT(0<i e\ey€<; ; 10 
 
 NI. OVTOD fl6V ovv. 
 
 Sn. Kara ttjv irapoifiiav dpa rcS ovtl ovk dv irdaa v^s 
 yvoiT) ovK dv dvhpela ykvoiro. 
 
 NI. Ov fioL hoKel. 
 
 2n. ArjXov Srj, 0) Nt/c/a, ore ovBe rrjv K-pofifivcovlav vv 1$ 
 TTLCTTevei^ av ye dvBpelav yeyovevat. tovto Be Xeyco ov irai- 
 ^cov, aXX' dvayKalov olfiai rcS ravra Xeyovrc fiijBevo^; Oyplov 
 diroBe'X^eaOai, dvBpelav, fj crvyx^copelv drjpLov n ovrco (to^ov 
 etvac, Mare d oXcyot dvOpcoircov taaau Bid to "^aXeird elvat 
 yvojvai, ravra Xeovra rj irapBaXiv rf nva Kairpov (f>dvat elBe- 20 
 vao • dXX^ dvdyKTj ofioio}^ Xeovra Kal eXa^ov Kal ravpov Kal 
 iTiOr^Kov 7rpb<; dvBpelav (fydvai, ire^VKevai rbv riOefievov dv- 
 Bpelav rovO* orrrep crv rlOeaac. 
 
 A A. N^ T0U9 Oeov<;, Kal ev ye XeyeL<;, ft) ^d)Kpare^. Kal 
 rjfilv ft)? dXrjOotx; rovro diroKpivaL, ft) NtKla, Trorepov (ro^(o~ 25 
 repa c^?)? rjficov ravra elvat rd Orjpla, a 7rdvre<; ofioXoyovfiev 
 dvBpela elvai, rj Trdacv evavrLOVfievo<; roXfia<; firjBe dvBpela 
 avrd KaXelv ; 
 
 NI. Ol' ydp n, ft) Ad-)(r)<;, eycoye dvBpela KaXoy ovre Orjpla 
 ovre dXXo ovBev rb rd Beivd virb dyvola<^ firj (f>ol3ovfievQv, dXX' 30 
 d^ojSov Kal filbpov ' rj Kal rd iraiBla irdvra olet fie dvBpela 
 KaXelv, d Be* dyvocav ovBev BeBoiKev ; dXX" olfiai rb d(f)o^ov 
 Kal rb dvBpelov ov ravrov eanv. iyco Be dvBpela^; fiev Kal 
 7rpofi7)dla<; irdvv nalv oXlyoi^ olfiai fierelvai, Opaavrrjro^ Be 
 
50 
 
 HAATfiNOS 
 
 Kol T6\/Jbr)<i KOL Tov a(f>6/3ov fiera airpofJiTjOla^i irdvv iroWol'^ 
 Kol avSpMv KOL r^vvaiKOdV Kal TraiBcov Kol 6r)pL(ov. ravT ovv 
 a (TV KaXel^ avhpela Kal ol iroXkoi, iyo) dpaaea koXco, avhpela 
 he TCL (f)p6vt/jLa irepl mv Xiyco. 
 5 26. AA. Seaaai, w ScoKpare^;, co? ev oBe eavrov B^, oo? ote- 
 rai, /coa-fiel to5 Xoyw • oD? Be 7rcivT€<; ojjbokoyovaiv avSpelov<; 
 elvat, rovTov<; airoarepelv e'm')(^eLpel ravrrj^; rij? rtyu-i}?. 
 
 NI. Ou/covv eycoye, o) Ad^rjf;, dWa Oappec (j)r)iM ydp ere 
 elvai (jo(^6v, koI Adfia^ov ye, elirep eare dvhpeloL, Kal dWovf; 
 lo 76 av)(Vovf; ^AOrjvalcov. 
 
 A A. OvSev epoi tt/do? TavTa, €)(^cov elirelv, Xva fjbrj jie 0^9 <W9 
 d\r]6(o<; Al^wvea elvat. 
 
 211. MrjSe ye el'jTr}<;, m Ad')(r)<; • Kal ydp jjlol hoKel<; rovhe fxr] 
 
 yaOrjo-dai on ravTrjv rrjv ao^iav irapd AdfjLcovo<; rod rjfjLerepov 
 
 15 eralpov 7rapeL\7}(j)€V, 6 Be Ad/jucov too UpoBiKO) TroWd 7r\r}(Ttd- 
 
 fet, 09 Brj BoKet Toiv aoc^iaroiv KdWicrra rd TOiavra ovofiara 
 
 Biaipelv. 
 
 AA. Kal ydp TrpeTret, &> ^(OKpaT€<;, aocpio-rrj rd roiavra /uudX- 
 \ov KOfiylreveadat rj dvBpl ov rj ttoXl^; d^Lol avrrj^ irpoeardvaL* 
 20 20. Tipeirei pbevroi, m fiaKapie, rcov [xeyi(7T(ov irpocrrarovvTL 
 /jLeyL(TT7)<; ^pov/](7e(o<; fjLeT€)(^etv • Bokcl Be fiot Ni/cta9 aft09 eivai 
 einaK€^\re(o<^y oirot irore jBXeTrcov Tovvojiia tovto Tt6r)ori ttjv 
 avBpeiav. 
 
 AA. AuT09 Toivvv a-Koirei, c5 ^(OKpareg. 
 25 Sn. Tovto /jteXXco irotelv, &> dpiare • jjut) fievroi olov fie 
 df^rjaeiv ae Trj<; KOiV(avia<; tov Xoyov, dXXd Trp6ae')(^e tov vovv 
 Kal (TvaKoirei Td Xeyojieva. 
 
 AA. TavTa Brj eaTto, el BoKel 'y^pijvai. 
 
 27. XO. 'AXXa BoKel. av Be, NcKia, Xeye tj/jllv irdXiv ef 
 30 dp)(r]<; ' olaS^ OTi ttjv dvBpelav KaT dp^d^i tov Xoyov eaKOTrov- 
 fjLev ft)9 fiepo^ dpeTTj^ dKOTrovvTe^ ; 
 
 NI. Tidvv ye. 
 
 %fl. OvKovv Kal av tovto aTreKpiVco ft)9 fJbopiov, ovtwv Br) 
 Kal dXXcov fiep&v, a avfJuiravTa dpeTrj KeKXrjTai ; 
 
AAXHS. 51 
 
 NI. ITw? 'yap ov ; 
 
 Sn. 'A/o' ovv anrep eyoa fcal crv ravra Xeyeif; ; iyo) Be Kokco 
 7r/309 avhpela crcocfipoavvrjv /cat Si/caioo-vurjv Kal aXX' arra tol- 
 avra. ov Kal av ; 
 
 NI. Haw fjbev ovv. 5 
 
 ^12. "E^e Br] ' ravra /xev yap 6juLo\oyov/jL6V, irepl Be tmv Bei- 
 VMV Kal OappaXewv aKeyjrco/JLeda, otto)? /jlt) av fiev aX,V drra 
 VJVf VH'^^^ ^^ aXXa. a fxev ovv 77/x.et"? r]yovfi€Ba, (^pdaofxev 
 aoL • av Be av fir] ofioXoyrj'!;, BcBd^eL^;. i^yov/jueda B* ^/xefc? Betva 
 fiev elvai a Kal Beo'i Trajoe^et, 6appa\ea Be a /jlt] Beo<; irape'^ei • 10 
 Seo? Be Trape^eLV ov ra yeyovora ovBe ra irapovra twv KaKwv, 
 aXka ra TrpoaBoKco/jueva • Seo? yap elvai irpoaBoKiav fieWovTO<^ 
 KaKov ' Tj ov')(^ ovTco Kal av, S) Ad^7]<; ; 
 
 AA. Udvv ye cr(f)6Bpa, o) ^wKpare^. 
 
 Sn. Ta jJbev r]fjLeT€pa tolvvv, m Nfc«:/a, aKOvec^, ore BeLva 15 
 fiev ra /neWovra KaKd (j)a/jLev elvai, dappaXea Be ra fir] KaKa 
 Tj dyaOd fieXXovra • arv Be ravrrj rj oXXtj irepl tovtcov Xejetf; ; 
 
 NI. TavTTj eywye. 
 
 Sn. TovTcov.Be ye rr]v eiricrTrjfirfv dvBpeiav irpoaayopeveif; ; 
 
 NI. KofitBf] ye, 20 
 
 28. ^H. "Et« Bt] to TpLTov o-KeyjrdyfieOa el avvBoKet aoi re 
 Kal rffilv. 
 
 NI. To irolov By rovro ; 
 
 Sn. 'E7ft) Br] (fypdafo. BoKel yap Brj ifioC re /caLrwSe, irepl 
 oacov eorrlv einaTrffir], ovk dXXrj fiev elvai irepl yeyovoro^^ elBe- 25 
 vai oirrj yeyovev, dXXr] Be irepl yiyvofievoav, ottj] yiyverai, dXXr] 
 Be OTTrj av KaXXiara yevotro [/cat yev^aerat^ to firfiro) yeyov6<i, 
 dXX* r] avTrj. olov irepl to vyieivov et? diravTa^ tois ')(^p6vov'^ 
 OVK dXXr] Ti(; r) ^r]* laTpiKr], fiia ovaa, icf^opa Kal ytyvofieva Kal 
 yeyovoTa Kal yevjfcrofieva [ottt) yevijaeTai^ ' Kal irepl to, eK Trj<; 30 
 77}? av (j)v6fieva 97 yecopyca wcravTcof; €')(ei ' Kal Bijirov to, irepl 
 Tov iroXefiov avTol av fiapTvprfaaiTe oTi 77 aTpaTTfyia KaXXiaTa 
 irpofi7]0eiTai Ta re dXXa Kal irepl to fieXXov eaeaOai, ovBe ttj 
 fiavTiKy oteTai Belv virypeTelv aXXa dp')(eiv, 0)9 elBvla KaXXtov 
 
52 HAATfiNOS 
 
 TCL irepl Tov TToXe/Jiov koI ^i^v6\xeva koI yevrja-ofieva' koI 6 
 v6^o<i ovTCO rarret, fir) top fiavrtv tov aTpaTijyov ap')(^eiv, aWa 
 TOV aTpaTrjybv tov /jLavTeco^;. (^r^aojxev TavTa, & Ad^rj^; ; 
 
 AA. ^Tjaofiev. 
 5 Sn. Tt Be ; av iq/jllv, & I^lkm, (TV/Ji(j)rj<; irepl toov avT(ov ttjv 
 avTr}v CTTLaT'^fjLTjv Koi iaofievcov koX ytyvo/JLevcov /cat yejovoTcov 
 iirateiv ; 
 
 NI. "£76076 • hoKel yap /jlol ovtco^;, w ^coKpaTC^. 
 
 211. OvKOVVy a> dpLCTTe, koX r] avhpela T(av heiVMV i7naT7]/JL7] 
 10 iaTiV Koi OappaXicDV, o)? ^t;? ' tj yap ; 
 
 NI. Nat: 
 
 Sfl. Ta 8e Betva wfxoXoyr^TaL /cat tcl OappaXea to, fiev fxeX- 
 XovTa ayadd, to, Be fieXXovTa kukcl elvai. 
 
 NI. ITaz^u 76. 
 15 211. 'H he y avTT) iirto-Tij/JLr] tcov avTcav Kal fieXXovTcov /cat 
 7rdvT(o<; e^ovTcov elvai. 
 
 NI. "EcTTi TavTa. 
 
 211. Ov fiovov dpa twv Beivcjv koI OappaXecov rj dvBpeia 
 iTTKTTij/JLr) eaTLV ' ov yap jxeXXovTwv fiovov irepu tmv dyaOSiv re 
 20 Kal KaKMV eTratei, dXXd Kal yiyvofievcov Kal yeyovoTcov [^Kal 
 Trai^Tft)? i')(^6vTcov~\, coaTrep at dXXai eTnaTrifxai. 
 
 NI. "^OLKev ye. 
 
 29. 211. M6/309 dpa dvBpeta^; rjiilv, a> NtKia, direKplvco o"^6- 
 Bov Ti TpLTOV ' KaiTOi r]iiel^ iQp(DT(o/jiev oXrjv dvBpeiav 6 tl ecr). 
 25 Kal vvv Brj, ftj? eoLKev, KaTa tov aov Xoyov ov fxovov Becvcjv t€ 
 Kal OappaXecov iTrtaTTj/Jir} 77 dvBpela eVrtV, dXXd (T')(eB6v tl 97 
 irepl irdvTWV dyaOoiyv Te Kal KaKwv Kal irdvTW<; i^^^ovTcov, «? vvv 
 av 6 cro9 X0709, dvBpeC av etrj. ouro)? av ixeTaTiOeaOai rj ttw? 
 Xeyei^, & ^LKia ; 
 30 NI. "Eiixoiye BoKely a) ^(t)KpaTe<;. 
 
 2X1. AoKel ovv aot, a> Bat/jLovie, diroXeLireiv dv tl 6 tolovto<; 
 a/06T^9, euTrep elBelrj Td Te dyaOa irdvTa Kal iravTairacnv &)? 
 yiyveTai Kal yevqaeTai Kal yeyove, Kal Ta KaKa waavTw^ ; Kal 
 TOVTOV otei dv av evBed elvai crax^poavvrj^ r) BiKaioavvT}^ Te Kal 
 
AAXHS. 53 
 
 oo-fcOT7/T09, w ye /xoVo) Trpoo-rjKei fcal irepl Oeois koI irepl avOpm- 
 TTOU? e^evXa^elaOal re ra Betva [/cat ra fii]^ /cat rayaOa iropl- 
 ^eaOac, iirLarajievcp 6p6(t)<; TrpooroixCkelv ; 
 
 NI. AeyeLV rl a) Sw/cpare? /jlol 8o/cet9. 
 
 Sn. OvK dpa, a) Ni/cia, {xopiov aperrj^ av eti] to vvv aoi 5 
 Xeyofievov, aWa avfiiraaa aperij. 
 
 NI. "EotKeu. 
 
 211. Kat firjv ecfya/xev ye ttjv avhpeCav fwpiov elvai ev t(ov 
 T?)9 apeTT)^. 
 
 NI. "Ec^a/Ltet' yap. 10 
 
 212. To Se 76 vvv Xeyo/iievov ov ^aiveraL. 
 NI. OvK eot/cev. 
 
 2n. Ou/c a/oa rjuprj/ca/Jiev, & Nt/cta, avhpeia o tl iaTiv. 
 
 NI. Ou (l>aLv6/jLe6a. 
 
 AA. Kat yLt^z^ eycoye, a> (fyiXe NtKia, wfxi^v ae evpijaetv, eTreiSr) 15 
 ifiov /caTe(j)p6v7](Ta<; ^coKpdret airoKpLvaixevov • nrdw Srj fieydXrjv 
 iXTTiSa elxov, (w? rrj irapd rod Adficovo^i (ro(j)ia avTrjv dvevprjaei^. 
 
 30. NI. ES 76, o) Adxv^, ore ovBev otet av ctl Trpdy/Ma elvat, 
 ore auT09 dpri icjydvr]'^ dvhpela^ iripi ovBev elSdy;, dXX* el Kal 
 iyo) erepo^ tolovto^ dva(f>avijao/jiai, 7r/30? tovto /SXeVet?, /cat 20 
 ovhev en Stoiaec, &>? eoiKe, aol fxer ifJLOV fiTjBev elBevat wv irpoarj- 
 Kei i7ri(TT7j/jLr)V e')(eiv dvhpl olofxevq) tI elvat. av fiev ovv fiot 
 SoKeU G)<? dX7]6(o<; dvOpdyjretov Trpdyfia epyd^eaOat, ovhev irpo^ 
 avrov fiXeiretv dXXd 7rpb<; roxs dXXov^ • €700 B' oljjiat i/jtol irepl 
 wv eXeyojiev vvv re e'TrtetK03<i etp7ja6at, Kat et tl avTcjv /jlt) t/ca- 25 
 1/0)9 etpr)Tat, vaTepov i7ravopO(oaeaOat Kal jxeTct Ad/xtovo^, ov av 
 TTOV otet KaTayeXdv, Kal TavTa ovB' IBayv irdyiroTe tov Ad/Jtcova, Kal 
 fieT dXXcov • Kal eiretBctv ^e^atoyaa/jtat avTd, BtBd^o) Kal ae, Kal 
 ov ^OovTjaw BoKel^ yap fiot Kal fidXa a^oBpa Beladat /jtaOetv. 
 
 AA. 2o^o9 yap TOt av et, a) Nt/cta. aXX' o/ia>9 iyoD Avat- 30 
 fid'x^Q) TwBe Kal M.eXr}ata avfi^ovXevoo, ae fjtev Kal e/iie irepl T7}9 
 iratBeta^ tcjv veavtaKcov ^atpetv idv, ^(OKpdTrf Be tovtovI, oirep 
 ef dp')(ri<; eXeyov, /jtrj d<^tevat • et Be Kal ifiol ev rfXiKta rjaav ol 
 TraiBef;, raura dv TavT eirotovv. 
 
54 HAATfiNOS AAXHS. 
 
 NI. Tavra fiev Kayo) avy^^^copcb, edvirep ideXy '2(0KpdT7]<; t(ov 
 /necpaKLCov iTn/jLeXeladac, fnjSeva dWov ^rjrelv ' CTrel Kav iyco 
 Tov NiKripaTOV tovtq) rj^iara iTTCTpeTroifiL^ el ideXoi ovrof;. dXXa 
 yap dXXou<i /jlol eKaaTore crvvio-TTjcrtv, orav tl avTcp irepl tovtov 
 5 /jLvrjadco, avTO^ Se ov/c eOeXet. dXX opa, S) KvaCixa')(e, el n aov 
 dv jxaXXov viraKOVOL ^coKpdrr]'^. 
 
 AT. Aifcaiov ye tol^ w NcKia, eTvel /cal iyco tovto) iroXXd 
 dv edeXr^aatixi iroielv, a ou/c dv dXXot<; irdw iroXXol^ eOeXoLfxi. 
 TTW? ovv ^77?, S) ^(o/cpare'i ; viraKOVcrei rt teal av/jL7rpo6v/jL'^aei 
 
 10 ft)9 ^eXriaTOL^ yeveaOai tol<; ixeipaKioi^ ; 
 
 31. Sn. Kat yap dv Betvbv etrj, c5 Avai^a'xe, tovto ye, fXTj ede- 
 Xeiv TO) av/jLTrpodv/JLecaOai o)? ^eXriato) yeveaOat. el jxev ovv ev 
 Toh hiaX6yoi<^ Toi<i dpn eyco jmev e(j)dvr)V elBco^;, TcoSe Se /jltj elBore, 
 hUaiov dv rjv ifie fxaXtaTa iirl tovto to epyov irapaKaXelv • vvv 8' 
 
 15 — 6/jLol(o<; yap irdvTe^ ev diropia eyevo/jueOa ' tl ovv dv tl^ y/jLcov 
 Tiva TTpoaipoLTO ; e/JLol fjuev ovv Brj avTw So/cel ovheva ' dXX* 
 iireLBr) TavTa ovtco^ ^%^^> aKe'xjraade dv tl So^co avfifiovXeveLV 
 vjMV. eyco ydp (f)r]fJLL '^prjvaiy a> dvBpe<i — ovSel^ yap eK^opo^ 
 Xoyov — KOLvrj TrdvTa^; rj/id^ ^rjTelv /xaXLaTa jxev rjjuv avTol^ 
 
 20 SiBda-KaXov o)? dpiaTOV, BeopLeOa ydp, eireLTa Kal toI^ jieLpaKLOL^, 
 fiTjTe ')(^p7] /JLaTcov (fyeLho/juevov^ /nijTe dXXov /jLrjBevof; ' edv Be r/fid^ 
 avToi)^ €)(^eLV, o)? vvv e'XpP'ev, ov av/jL/3ovXevco. el Be rt? ^/jLciyv 
 KaTayeXdaeTaL, otl TrfXLKoiBe ovTe^ eh BLBaaKdXwv d^Lov/xev 
 (l)OLTdv, TOV "Ofir^pov Bo/cel /jlol ')(^prjvaL irpo^aXXecrOaL, 0? e^T) 
 
 25 ovK dyadrjv eivat alBoj Ke')(^pri fievo) dvBpl irapelvaL. 
 Kal rjfjLeh ovv edaavTe^ %at/)6ti^ el tl<; tl epel, kolvt) y/JLoov avTcov 
 Kal tS)v /leLpaKLcov eirLixeXeiav TroLijaeo/jieOa. 
 
 AT. 'E/-tot fiev dpecFKeL, & ^coKpaTe^, a XeyeL^; ' Kal eOeXco, 
 oawirep yepaLTaTO^ el/JLL, ToaovTco Trpodv/iiOTaTa /xavOdveLV fieTa 
 
 30 T&v veavlaKcov. dXXd /jlol ovTcoal Trolijaov ' avptov ecoOev d<j>L- 
 Kov OLKaBe, Kal /jlt) dXXco<; iroLrjarj^; , , %va ^ovXevawjjieOa irepl 
 avTOiv TOVTCOV ' TO Be vvv elvai trjv avvovalav BLaXvcrcofJLev. 
 
 211. *AXXd TTOLTjCTOi}, a> AvaljJia'xe, TavTa, Kal rj^oi irapd 
 ae avptov, edv 6e6^ eOeXrj. 
 
EAATftNOS ATSIS. 55 
 
 AYXIX 
 
 ^ wepl (piXlas 
 
 Time: 409-400 B.C. (v. p. 76. 8). Place: A palaestra near Panops' spring 
 
 TA TOY AIAAOrOY nPOSOHA 
 
 20KPATH2, innO©AAH^, KTH^mnOS, MENESENOS, 
 
 AY2I2 
 
 1. 'EiTTOpevo/jirjv /juev ef *AKaBr]/jL€ia(; €v6v Avkclov rrfv 
 e^o) r€L^ov<i vir avro to rel^o^ • eireiSr) '"S' iyeuo/jirjv Kara 
 T7]V TTvXlSa rj rj TldvoTTO^ KpTjvrj, ivTOvOa avverv^^^ov 'Itt- 
 TToddXec T€ t(o 'lepcovvfiov Kal JLTijcriTrTrfp rco UatavLel kol 
 dWoL<; fierd rovrcov veavtaKOi<; d6p6ot(; avvearcocn. Kal fxe 5 
 irpoonovra 6 ^liriroOdXr]'^ ISobv ^fl ^(OKpare^;, €(j)r}, nrol Srj 
 TTOpevei Kal nroOev ; 'Ef *AKaBr}/ii€La<;, r)V 3' iyw, iropevo- 
 fiat 6u6v AvKeiov. Aevpo Sijf rj 8' 09, eudif rj/jLCJV. ov irapa- 
 ^aXelf; ; d^tov fxevTOi. Tlol, ecj^rjv iyd), Xeyei^, Kal irapd 
 rLva<; rou^; vfid<; ; Aevpo, e(j>rj, Bel^a^ fioL ev tu> Karav- 10 
 TiKpv rod rei-y^ovf; irepi^oXov re riva Kal Ovpav dveMjfJLevrjv. 
 StarpL^o/jLev Se, rj 8* 09, avroOi r)fiei<; re avrol Kal dXXot 
 rrdvv iroXXol Kal KaXoi. "^jartv Be Br) rl rovro, Kal Ti? rj 
 Btarpi^t] ; YlaXaiarpa, €(j)r}, vewarl wKoBofirj/jbevT] ' rj Be 
 BcarpL^rj rd iroXXd ev X6jol<;, mv r/3e<»? dv aoi fieraBiBoc- 15 
 fiev. KaXw? ye, rjv 3' iyco, 7roLovvre<; • BiBdaKet Be ri<; av- 
 roOi ; So? eralpo^; ye, rj S' 09, Kal iiTatverr)<^, M.lkko<;. Ma 
 Aia, rjv B* iyco, ov <j)avX6<; ye dvrjp, dXX^ iKavo<; ao(f>Lar7]<;. 
 BouXet ovv 67rea6at, ecprj, Iva Kal tBrj<^ roi)? ovrag avrov ; 
 IT pear ov r]Be(o<i aKOvaaifj! dv, eirl ra> Kal eXaeifXi Kal rh 6 20 
 KaX6<^. "AX,Xo9, e<f)r], dXXfo y)fx(x)v BokcI, w ScoKpare*;. Sol 
 
56 HAATftNOS 
 
 Se Br) TL<i, CO 'iTTTTO^aXe? ; tovto /jlol elire. fcal 09 ipcorrjOel^ 
 r}pv6pLaaev. koI e^co elirov ^Xl iral 'lepcovv/juov 'iTTTro^aXe?, 
 TOVTO jiev fXTjKeTi €L7rr)<i, €LTe ipa^ tov elVe jultj • olSa yap otl 
 ov fjLOVov ipq,^i aWa koX Troppcd 7]Br] el iropevofjievo^ tov epcoTO<;. 
 5 elfjbl 8* iyo) Ta /jl€V dWa (j)av\o<; Koi d^pr^cTTo^, tovto Be fMOi 
 7rco<; etc Oeov BeBoTai, Ta^ij otcp t elvai yvcovai epoiVTa re Koi 
 epco/Jievov. Kal 09 d/cov(Ta<; ttoXv eTi fiaXXov r)pv6pla(Tev. 6 
 ovp KT/;Vfc7r7ro9, 'Acrretoz/ ye, 97 S' 09, otc ipvdpia^, o) 'Itttto- 
 OaXe^;, Kal o/cvelf; elirelv ScoKpaTet Tovvofia • eav B* ovTot; Kal 
 
 10 (TfjLLKpbv ')(^p6vov (TVvBLaTpL'\jrr) aoif irapaTaOrjcreTaL vtto aov 
 oLKOvcov OafJbd XeyovTOf;. tj/jlcjv yovv, o) ^(OKpaT€<;, eKKeKoo^coKe 
 Ta MTa Kal e/JL7re7r\r)Ke AvatBo<; • av fiev Br) Kal VTTOTrlrjy evfia- 
 pla r)/jLlv eaTLV Kal e'f vttvov iypo/i€voi<; AvatBo<i oteadac tov- 
 vojia cLKOvetv. Kal a fiev KaTa\oydBr)v Bc7)yeLTaL, Betva ovTa, 
 
 15 ov Trdvv TL Beivd eaTtv dW* eTreiBdv tcl iroty/jLaTa r)/jL(bv eVi- 
 '^eiprjar) KaTavTXelv Kal avyypd/x/jLaTa. Kal 6 ecTTiv tovtcov 
 BeiVOTepov, otl Kal aBeu el<i to, iraiBLKa <j)COvfj davfiaa-ia, rjv 
 r)fjid^ Bel dKOvovTa<; dve^eaOat. vvv Be epcoTcofjievo^ vtto aov 
 epvOpia. "¥j(7TiV Be, rjv B* eyd), 6 AvaL<; veo<^ Ti<;, o)<; eoLKC 
 
 20 TeKfxalpofiaL Be, otl dKOVcra^ Tovvofjua ovk eyvcov. Ov yap 
 Trdvv, €(j)r), tI avTov Tovvo/xa XeyovcrLV, aX)C eTL iraTpoOev 
 iirovofJid^eTaL Bid to a(f)6Bpa tov iraTepa yLyVQia-KeadaL avTov. 
 eirel ev olB' otl ttoWov Belt; to eZSo? dyvoelv tov iraLBo^ • LKa- 
 vo<; yap Kal aTrb /jlovov tovtov yLyvooo-KeaOaL. AeyeaOo), rjv 
 
 25 S' eyd), ovTLVo<; eaTLV. Ar)/jLOKpdTov<;, €(f)r), tov Al^Q)ve(o<i 6 
 7rpe(7/8uTaT09 ^09. Etez/, rjv 8' eyco, m 'l7r7r66aXe<;, 0)9 yevvalov 
 Kal VeavLKov tovtov tov epWTa iravTa-)(fi dvr)vpe<; • Kal /jlol Wl 
 eiriBeL^aL a Kal TolaBe eirLBeiKwaai, Xva elBco el eirlaTaaaL 
 a j^pr) epaaTr)v irepl TraiBtKwv irpo^ avTOv rj 7rpo<; dXXov<; 
 
 30 Xeyeiv. Tovtcov Be tl, e(f)r), aTaOfia, o) '^dyKpaTe^, mv oBe 
 XeyeL ; UoTepov, rjv K eyd), Kal to epdv €^apvo<; el ov XeyeL 
 oBe ; Ovk eycoye, ecjyr), dXXd fir) iroLelv eh Ta iraLBLKa /ir)Be 
 avyypd^eLV. Oi;^ vyialvei, €<^r) 6 K.t rj a L7r7ro<;, dXXd Xr)peL t€ 
 Kal iJLalveTat. 
 
ATSIS. 57 
 
 2. Kal €70) eliTOv ^Xl 'iTTTro^aXe?, 01; rt rwv ^erptov Beofiai 
 d/covaat ouBe /xeXo? ec rt TreirolrjKa^i et? rov veaviaKov, aXKa 
 Trj(; Bcavoia^, iva elBco rlva rpoirov Trpoacftepet tt/oo? ra irac- 
 Blkcl. "OBe B/jTTOu aoL, 6(^77, ipec' aKpi^cj^ jap eTTLo-TaraL koI 
 fjLejxvTjTai, eiirep, o)? Xiyei, vir ifiov del ukovcov Beared pvXrjrai,. 5 
 N^ Tov^i ^eou9, e(f)r} 6 KxT^crtTTTro?, irdw je. Kal yap eart 
 KarayeXaa-ra, w XcoKpare^;. to yap epaaryv ovra Kal Bia<l>€- 
 povTO)^ T(ov aXK(Ov rov vovv irpoae^ovra tq) TraiBl iBiov fxev 
 (jirjBev e^ecv Xeyeiv, o ov')(l kclv iral^ eliroL, ttw? ov')(l Karaye- 
 Xaarov ; a Be ^; 7r6\i<; oXrj aBeo irepl Aij/xoKparov; Kal AvaiBo^; 10 
 Tov irdirirov rov iraiBcx; Kal rravrcov irept rwv irpoyovcov, irXov- 
 rov<; re Kal lirirorpo^La'^ Kal ULKa<; UvOol Kal 'ladfiol Kal 
 Ne/Ltea redpiTTTroi^ re Kal KeXrjac, ravra irotel re Kal Xeyei, 
 7r/309 Be rovroL<; ere rovrcov KpoviKoorepa. rov yap rov 'llpa- 
 KXeov<; ^evtcTfiov rrrpoirjv rjfiip ev rroLrjfjLari rivt BtrjecVy ax; Bia 15 
 rrjv rov 'H/oa/cXeou? avyyevecav 6 rrpoyovo^i avrS)V viroBe^airo 
 rov 'HpaKXea, yeyovon^ avrof; ck Al6<; re Kal rrj<; rov Brjfiov 
 dp)(r]yerov 6vyarp6<^, direp at ypalat, aBovau, Kal dXXa TroXXd 
 roLavra, &> ^(OKpare^ • ravr earlv a ovro^ Xeycov re Kal dBcov 
 dvayKd^ec Kal rj/Jid'i dfcpodaOat. Kal iyo) aKovaa^ elirov ^fl 20 
 KarayeXaare 'iTTTro^aXe?, irplv vevLKTjKevac irotel'^ re Kal aBei^ 
 €L<i cravrov iyKcofjLtov ; *AX,A,' ouk ei? efiavrov, e^T/, w ^cioKpa- 
 Te9, ovre ttoloj ovre aBw. Ouk otet ye^ rjv 8* eyca. To Be ttw? 
 e;^€i ; e<f>r], Hdvroiv fidXiara, elrrovy eh <xe reivovaiv avrai 
 al (vBai. edv fiev yap eXr}<; ra rraiBcKa roiavra ovra, Koafiof; 25 
 aoi earai ra • Xe^Oevra Kal aadevra Kal to5 ovrt, eyKfo/jbia 
 axTirep veviKrjKori, on rocovrcov 7rat,BtK(ov eru^e? • edv Be ae 
 BLa(f>vyy, oao) dv fiei^o) croi elprj/jueva y eyKcofica irepl roiv rrai- 
 BtK(ov, roaovroi /xeL^ovcov Sofet? KaXcov re KdyaScov earepij- 
 fjuevof; KarayeXa(7ro<{ elvac. o<rri^ ovv ra epcoriKa, a> (jilXe, 30 
 (T0^6<;, ovK eTraivel rov tpco/ievov irplv dv eXr), BeBLCd<^ ro fieX- 
 Xov OTTTj dTTo^yjaeraL. Kal dfia ol KaXol, eireiBdv rt? avrov<; 
 eiraLvfj Kal av^rj, (f)povq/jLaro<; tfiTTL/jiTrXavrai Kal /JLeyaXav)(^ia<; • 
 rj OVK otec ; "£70)76, e(f)7]. Ovkovv oaw dv fieyaXav^orepot 
 
58 HAATONOS 
 
 wacv, BvaaXcoTorepOL jiyvovraL ; EtVo? ye. IToto? rf? ovv 
 dv aoi B0K6L 6rfpevTr]<; elvai, el avaao/Sol Orjpevcov koi hvaa- 
 \(t3T0T€pav T7]v dypav ttolol ; ArjXov on ^av\o'=;. Kat fxev 
 8r) \6yoL<; re kol whal<; fu^r) KTfketv aXX' e^ayptaiveiv ttoWtj 
 5 afJLovaia • rj yap ; AoKel jxol. ^Koirei Br], co 'iTrvro^aXe?, 
 OTTO)? /JUT] iraai tovtol^; evo^ov aavrov TTOLrjaei^ Bta rrjv irolrj- 
 (TLv • KaiTOL olfxaL iyo) avBpa iroirjaet jBXdTTTOvra eavTov ovk 
 dv ore eOeXetv ofioXoyijcrai co? dyado^ ttot iarlv iroirjrrj^, ffXa- 
 ^€po<; 03V eavTQ). Ov jxa rov Aia, e^rj ' ttoXXtj yap dv dXoyia 
 
 10 e'lr]' dXXd Bed ravra Brj aot, w ^Q)KpaTe<;, dvatcoiVovjJLaL, Kal 
 ec TL dXXo e^ei9, o-vii^ovXeve, rlva dv tl^ Xoyov BiaXey6/jL€Vo<; 
 rj TV TrpuTTcov irpoa^cXr)'; 7raiBtKol<; yevouro. 
 
 3. Ob paBiov, Tjv B^ iy(o, elirelv dXX' el /jlol eOeXrjaai'!; 
 avrov iroirjo-ai el<i Xoyov; eXdelv, tacot; dv Bvvai/jLrjv aot eiri- 
 
 15 Bel^ac, d XPV cl^tm BtaXeyeadai dvrl tovtcov o)v ovtol Xeyeiv 
 T€ Kal aBeiv (^aal ae. 'AXX' ovBiv, ecfirj, ^aXeTToV. dv yap 
 elaiXdr)^ fierd KTrjaiirTrov rovBe /cal Ka6e^6pLevo<; BiaXeyr}, 
 ol/jiai /JL€V Kal auTO^ aoi irpoaeiai • (f)iX')]Koof; yap, w ^(OKpaTe<;, 
 Bia^ep6vT(o^ earlv, Kal afxa, w? 'Eipfiala dyovaiv, dva/xefiiy/JLe- 
 
 20 VOL ev TavTw elacv oi re veaviaKOL Kal ol iralBe^. nrpoaeio-LV 
 ovv <T0L • el Be fiij, KxT/criTrTrri) crvvjjOr)^; earlv Bid rov rovrov 
 dveyfnov M.eve^evov ' Mez^ef eW fiev yap Br) TrdvTCOv jjudXiara 
 eralpo^i wv rvy^dvet. KaXeadro) ovv ovto<; avrov, edv dpa jxtj 
 nrpoalr} avro^. Tavra, tjv S' eyw, 'X^pr] irotelv. Kal dfia Xa^cDV 
 
 25 rov K^rrjaLTTTrov wpoay eh rr)v iraXaiarpav ' ol B* dXXoL vare- 
 poi rj/jicov yaav. 
 
 FilaeX66vre<; Be KareXd^ofiev avroOi reOvKora^; re roi/? rral- 
 Ba^ Kal rd irepl rd lepela ax^Bov n rjBr) TreTrotrjfjLeva, darpa- 
 yaXi^ovrd^ re Brj Kal KeKoajjLijfJLevov'; d7ravra<^. ol /jlcv ovv 
 
 30 TToXXol ev rfj avXfj eiraL^ov e^(o, ol Be rLve<; rov dTToBvrrjplov 
 ev ycovla yprla^ov darpaydXoL<; irapLiroXXoi';, eK ^opfxlaKcov 
 nvMv TTpoaLpov/jievoi • rovrov<; Be Treptecrrao-av dXXot Oecopovv- 
 T69. o)V Brj Kal 6 AucTi? rjv, Kal elarrjKeiv ev roL<; Traial re Kal 
 veaviaKoi^ iarecjyavcojJLevof; Kal rrjv oyjriv Biacj^epcov, ov ro KaXo<; 
 
ATSIS. 59 
 
 etvai fiuvov d^LO<; uKOvaai, tiXX' ore KaX6<i re Kdya06<;. koI 
 ri/j,€L<; et9 to /caravTtKpv aTro^coprjo-avre^; CKade^o/jLeda — ^v 
 yap avToOc rjavx^^ — '<^^^ ^^ aXXrjXoc^; SceXeyofjueda. irepiaTpe- 
 (f)6[i€Vo^ ovv 6 Avert? Oaiia iireaKOiTelro r/yita?, koL 8^X09 rjv 
 iiriOviMOiV TTpoaeXdelv. reco^ fieu ovv rjiropet re Koi o^Kvei 5 
 /jL6vo<i irpoaievaL • eireira 6 M.€V6^evo^ Sk Trj(i avXrj^ fiera^v 
 irai^cov elaep)(€rat, Kal cw? elSev ifxe re fcal top KTrjaiTTTroVf 
 ijet TrapaKaOL^rjao/jievo^ • ISoov ovv avrov 6 AvaL<; e'liTero Koi 
 aufiirapeKaOe^eTO fiera tov M.€V€^€Vov. ■ irpoarfKOov Br) Kal ol 
 dXXoi, Kal 8t] Kal 6 'iTnroOdXrjf;, eTreiBr] TrXe/ou? katpa i(j)i(TTa- 10 
 fievovif TOVTOV^ i7rrjXvyLadfjL€V0<; irpoaiaTT} fj /jltj wero Karo- 
 yjreaOac tov Avaiv, SeSto)? firj avTut d'ire')(6dvoLTO • Kal ovrcj 
 Trpoaearco^; rjKpodro. 
 
 Kat iyco irpo^ tov Mevi^evov diro^Xe'^a^, '12 iral ^t][mo^o)v- 
 To^, rjv 8* €y(i), TTorepof; v/iicov irpea^vTepo^ ; * AfKfyia^ijTOv- 15 
 fiev, 6(j)r]. OvKOVV Kal oTroTepo^; yevvauoTepo^;, ipl^oLT dv, rjv 
 8* iyd). Udvv ye, €(f)r). Kal firjv oiroTepo'^ ye KaXXicov, waav- 
 Tco^. ^EyeXaa-aTTjV ovv d/jL(f>co. Ov /Jbrjv oiroTepo^ ye, 6(l)i]v, - 
 7rXov(Tt(OT6po<; v/jLmv, ouk ipijaofjLat • (J)lX(o ydp iaTov. r} yap ; 
 Yldvv y, i<j)dT7)V. Ovkovv kolvcl Ta ye <f)iX(ov Xeyerat, McrTe 20 
 TOVTM ye ovSev SiolareTOVy etirep dXrjOr} irepl ttj^^ (f)cXia<; Xeye- 
 Tov. '^vvecpaTTjv. 
 
 4. ^Ei7re')(^eLpovv Br) /jLeTa tovto ipcoTav, oiroTepo^; BiKatoTepo^ 
 Kal aocfxoTepo^ avTwv ecr). fieTa^v ovv tl<; irpoaeXOcbv dve- 
 aTr)(T€ TOV Meve^evov, (f)do-Kcov KaXelv tov jratBorpL^yv • eBoKec 25 
 ydp fjLoo lepoTTOLcbv Tvy^dvecv. eKelvo<; fiev ovv oy'x^eTO • iyo) Be 
 TOV Avaiv r)p6iJi7)v, 'H irov, r)v 8* eyd), o) Avai, acpoBpa ^tXet 
 ae 6 7raTr)p Kal r) jj,7JTr)p ; Udvv ye, r) K 09. Ovkovv ffov- 
 XoLVTo dv ae o)? evBaifioviaTarov elvai ; ITo)? ydp ov ; AokcI 
 Be croL evBaifiwv elvai ^dv* dvOpwiro^; BovXevcov re Kal to fiijBev 30 
 e^elr) iroielv wv iiriOvfJLol; Ma AT ovk efioiye, ecf)!]. Ovkovv 
 et ae (f^tXel 6 7raTr)p Kal t) /jb7JTr)p Kal euBaLfiovd ere e7r'£v)iovai 
 yeveaOat, tovto iravTl TpoTTfo BrjXov otl TrpoOvfiovvTat oTrcoq 
 dv evBaifjLovoLTjf;. Ho)? ydp ov-^l ; e<^7). 'Ewcr^y a^oa ae d 
 
6o HAATONOS 
 
 ^ovXet iroielvy koL ovhev iirLTfkrjTTOva-tv ovBe BiaKcoXvovat iroi- 
 elv wv av eirLOvfJuf)^ ; Nat fia Ala ifxi ye, w ^(o/cpaTe^, koX 
 fidXa ye ttoWcl kcoXvovctlv. ITw? Xeyeif; ; rjv S* e'lyco. ^ov- 
 Xofxevoi ae ixaKapiov etvac BiaKcoXvovai tovto irotelv o av 
 5 ffovXy ; a)8e Be fiOL Xeye. rjv e7n6vfir]a7j(; iirl tlvo<; tcov tov 
 irarpo^; dpfidrcov o^eiadac Xa/SoDV ra? rjvla'i, orav d/jLiXXdrat, 
 ovK dv eu>ev ae aXXd Bia/ccoXvoLev ; Ma At" ou jxevToi dvj 
 e(j)7], ewev. 'AXXa tl /jltJv ; "Ecrrtz/ tl^ rivLO')(^o^ irapd tov 
 7rarpo<; fiiadbv (fiipcov. lift)? Xeyet? ; fjnadcoTO) /laXXov eiri- 
 
 10 TpeTTovaiV rj crol irocelv 6 n dv ^ovXrjTat irepl Toij<; tTTTrou?, 
 Kal Trpoaert avrov tovtov dpyvptov reXovo-tv ; 'AXXd tl fJLrjv; 
 
 "■ €(f)7j. ^AXXd TOV opLKOV ^evyov<;, olfiai^ iiriTpeirovcTLV crou dp- 
 p^6tz/, Kav el /SovXoco Xa^oDv ttjv jidaTiya TVirTetv, ecaev dv. 
 YioBeVy rj B* 09, ewev ; Tt Be; rjv B' eyco' ovBevl e^eaTLV 
 
 15 avTOV^ TVTTTecv ; Kat fxaXa, e<f)r], tco opeoKOfico. AovXtp ovtl 
 rj eXevdepw ; AovXo), ecpr). Kal BovXov, 009 eoifcev, 7]yovvTat 
 irepL irXeiovo^ rj ae tov vov, Kal eiriTpeTrovaL Ta eavTcov /ndX- 
 Xov rj aot, Kal eoiaiv iroielv 6 tl ^ovXeTai, ae Be BtaKcoXvovat ; 
 Kal fxoL eTi ToBe elrre. ae avTov ecoaiv dp')(eLV aeavTov, rj ovBe 
 
 20 TOVTO eTTLTpeirovai aot; IIco9 ydp, e(f)r}y eirLTpeirovaiV ; *AXX* 
 dp')(eL Tt9 aov ; "OBe^ iraiBayayyo^iy 6^77. Mcoz/ S0OX09 mv ; 
 ^KXXd TL fJbrjV ; r)/jLeTep6(i ye, ecfyrj. 'H Betvov, rj 8' eyd), eXev- 
 Oepov ovTa viro BovXov dp^^eaOai. tl Be ttolcov av ovto<; 6 
 iraiBayoiyo^ aov dp^eo ; "Aycov Brjirov, e^rj, et9 BiBaaKoXov, 
 
 25 yioiv fiT) Kal ovToi aov dp-^ovaiv, 01 BiBdaKaXot ; TIdvTcof; 
 BiJttov. Yla/JLTToXXovg dpa aot BeairoTa^ Kal dp')(0VTa^ eKODV 
 6 iraTrjp e(f>LaTr]aiV. dXX^ dpa iireLBdv oiKaBe eXdy^ irapd ttjv 
 
 ^— /JLTjTepa, eKelvTj ae ia iroielv 6 tl dv jBovXrj, Xv avTT) fiaKapLO^ 
 179, rj irepl Ta epLa rj irepl tov laTov, oTav v(j>a[vrj ; ov tl ydp 
 
 30 TTOV BLaKCoXveL ae rj ti]<; airdOr)*; rj Tfj<; KepKLBo<; rj dXXov tov 
 TCdV irepl TaXaaLovpyiav opydvcov dirTeadaL. Kal 09 yeXdaa^, 
 Ma Aia, e<^r], &> ^caKpaTe^, ov fiovov ye BiaKcoXvei, dXXd Kal 
 
 y^TVTTTolfirjv dv el dirTOLfjuriv. 'Hpa«;Xet9, rjv 8' eyd), /jloov fMij tl 
 r)BLKr)Ka<; tov iraTepa rj ttjv fii-jTepa ; Ma At" ovk eycoye, e(j)7]. 
 
ATSIS. 6l 
 
 5. *AXX' avrl tivo<; /jltjv ovto) ere Setz^w? StaKcoXvovaLi' ev- 
 SaLfJLOva elvat /cal iroielv o ti av ^ov\rj, koI hi rj/jiepa^ oX?/9 
 Tp€(j)ovaL ere aei rw hovXevovra /cal evl Xoyo) oXiyou wv eTruOv- 
 jxel^ ovSev iroLovvra ; ooare aot, ©9 eoL/cev, ovre rcav '^^^prj/JLciTcov 
 ToaovToav ovtcov ovBev 6(j)€\o'^, aWa TraVre? avroiv jiaWov 5 
 ap')(pvaiv 7} av, ovre rov aQ)/jLaTO<^ ovrco yevvatov ovro^, aWa 
 Kol TOVTO dXX,o<; iroiixaivei ical Oepairevei ' av Be cip')(eL^ ovhevo^, 
 & Aval, ovBe TroteZ? ovSev wv eVt^f/xet?. Ov yap ttco, e^?;, -^Xi- 
 Kiav e%ft), w ^caKpare^. M^ ou tovto ere, c5 Tral Ar)/jLOfcpdTOV<;, 
 fCcoXvT], iirel to ye roaovSe, o)? eywjxai, Kal 6 Trarrjp Kal rj fJLrjrrjp 10 
 aoL eirtrpeTrovatv Kal ovk ctva/iievovaLv eco? dv r/XcKiav '^XXI'^. 
 orav yap ^ovXcovrac avToU n y dvayvcoadrjvat rj ypacfirjvac, ere, 
 G)9 iywfJLaL, irpoiTOV tmv ev rrj oIklcl eirl tovto TUTTOvaiv. y 
 yap ; Haw y, e<^r). Ovkovv e^eaTi aoi evTavO^ 6 ti dv ^ovXrj 
 TTpMTOV Tclyv ypafifiaTCOv ypd(j)eLV Kal 6 ti dv BevTepov Kal 15 
 dvaytyvcoaKeiv coaavTco^ e^eaTtv. Kal eirethdv, tw? eywixai, ttjv 
 Xvpav Xd^rj<;, ov htaKcoXvovai ae ovTe 6 TraTrjp ovTe rj /H'^TTjp 
 eiTLTelvaC re Kal dvelvai rjv dv ^ovXrj tmv ')(opBa>v, Kal ylrrjXaL 
 Kal Kpoveiv T(p irXrjKTpw. 7} SiaKcoXvovaLV ; Ov BrJTa. Tt 
 iroT dv ovv eLT], w Aval, to aiTLOV otl evTavda fiev ov ScaKcoXv- 20 
 ovaiv, ev oh Be dpTi iXeyo/juev KcoXvovacv ; ''Otl, olfiat, ecjyr), 
 TavTa fxev eiriaTapiai, eKelva B* ov. Elei^, '^v B' eyco, w dptaTe • 
 OVK dpa Tr)V qXiKiav aov irepipLevei 6 TraTrjp eTriTpeTreiv jrdvTa, 
 dXX^ 77 dv rjfiepa r]yrja7)Tal ae /SeXTtov avTOV kpoveiv, TavTrj 
 eTTLTpe'^eL aot Kal avTOV Kal to, avTOV. Olfxat eycoye, e<j)7]. 25 
 ¥ilev, rjv B' eyd) ' tl Be ; tw yeiTOVt dp' ou^ o avTO^ opo<; oairep 
 T(p iraTpl irepl aov ; iroTepov otei avTOV eTrtTpeyjreiv aot ttjv 
 avTOV otKiav oiKOVo/JLelv, OTav ae rjyqariTaL ^cXtlov irepl oIkovo- 
 /jLLa<; eavTov ^povelv, rj avTov einaTaTrjaeiv ; 'E//.0I ejnTpe'y^reiv 
 olfiai. Tt 8' ; ' AOrjvaiov^ otei aoc ovk eTnTpeyjretv Ta avTcov, 30 
 OTav alaOdvwvTai otl iKavco^ (j)povel^ ; "Kycoye. Ilpo? Ato?, 
 ^v B' eyco, TL dpa 6 fieya^ ^aaLXev^ ; TroTepov tw Trpea/SvTaTO) 
 vet, ov r) T^9 *Aerta9 a/o%^ yCyveTaL fiaXXov dv eTTLTpeyjreLev ei^o- 
 fievcov KpeoiV otl dv ^ovXr/TaL efxjSaXelv ek tov ^(o/jlov, rj yfiLV, 
 
62 HAATfiNOS 
 
 el acpifco/jLevoi nrap i/celvov ivBei^aifieOa avrw, otl ^/leU koXXlov 
 (fypovov/jiev rj 6 vo<s avrov irepl 6-\jrov aKevaaia^; ; 'Yifxlv SfjXov 
 on, e(^T). Kat rov fiev <ye ouB* av afiLKpov idaeiev ifi^akelv ' 
 rifjLa<i Be, fcav el ^ovKolpieOa Bpa^dfxevoL TOiV aXcov, ecor] av 
 5 i/jL/3a\e2v. Hft)? yap ov; Tt 8' el rov<; 6(f)6a\/jiov<; 6 vo<; 
 avTOV aaOevol, apa i(pr) av avrov aTrreadai roiv eavrov 6(f)0a\- 
 ficov, fir) larpiKOV rjyovfjievo^;, t) kcoXvol av; KcoXvot av. 'H/ia? 
 Be ye el viroXafi^dvoi larpiicov^ elvai, kclv el ^ovXolfieOa Bia- 
 votyovref; tov^; o^OaXpLOv^; ifxirdaat tt}? Te(f)pa<;, oljxaL, ovk av 
 
 lo KcoXvaeiev, rjyovpievo^ opdoi^ (ppovelv. 'AXijOrj Xeyei^. *Kp^ 
 ovv Kal rdXXa iravra yfilv einrpeTroi av fiaXXov t) eavrw teal 
 TO) vet, Trepl oacov av Bo^co/xev avro) ao^wrepoi e/ceLVcov elvat ; 
 'AvdyKT], e^rf, & Sco/cpare?. 
 
 6. OvTco^ apa e^ei, rjv B' iyco, w <^iXe Kvai ' et? /lev ravra, 
 
 i^ a av ^povLjxoL yevcopieOa^ diravre'^ tj/jlIv iTnrpeyjrovo-LV, ''EiXXrjve; 
 re Kal ^dp^apoi Kal dvBpe<; Kal yvvalKe^, iroirjaoixev re iv tov- 
 TOi<; 6 TL av ^ovX(o/jLe6a, Kal ovBeh rjpid'^ eKoov elvat ifiTroBtet, 
 aXX* avToi re eXevOepot iaopieOa iv avroU Kal dXXwv dp'x^ovre'i, 
 rj/nerepd re ravra earat • ovrjao/jieOa yap air avrwv ' et? a S' 
 
 2o av'vovv fjLTj KrT]ad)iJLeda, ovre ri? tj/jlIv iTrtrpeyjret irepl avrd irot- 
 eiv ra 7)iilv BoKOVvra, aXX ep^iroBtovat 7rdvre<i KaO' 6 rt av 
 Bvvcovrat, ov fjtovov oi dXXorptot, ctXXa Kal 6 Trarrjp Kal rj 
 P'Tirrjp Kal el rt rovrcov oUetorepov eartv, avrot re iv avrol^ 
 iao/jteOa dXXcov virrjKOOt, Kal r)/JLtv earat aXXorpta • ovBev yap 
 
 25 aTT* avroiv ovrjao/jLeOa. avy')((Dpeh ovrco^; e%eiz^ ,- ^vy')((i)pS). 
 ^Kp ovv rep (f)tXot iaofieOa Kat rt? r)fjid<; (^tXrjcret iv rovrot^, iv 
 oh av wjiev dvw^eXel^ ; Ov Brjra, ecfn], Nw apa ovBe ae 6 
 irarrjp ovBe dXXo^ dXXov ovBeva (f)tXet, KaO^ oaov av y d')(^pr]- 
 aro^. Ovk eotKev, e(^7). 'Eaz^ ixev apa ao(f>b<; yevy, w rral, 
 
 30 rrdvre^ aot <^tXot Kal rrdvre^ aot olKetot eaovrat • ')(^prj(Ttixo<; 
 yap Kal dya66<; eaet ' el Be p,rj, aol ovre dXXo^ ovBel^ ovre 6 
 7rarr)p ^t\o9 earat ovre y P'VTTjp ovre ol oUetot. otov re ovv 
 irrl rovrot^, & Kvat, fxeya cfypovetv, iv oh ri? fi'^irco cfypovet ; 
 Kal TTw^ av ; ecftr). Et B' apa av BtBaaKdXov Beet, ovrrw 
 
ATSIS. 63 
 
 <f>poveU. 'AXtjOtj. OvB* dpa fjL€ya\6(f>pQ)v el, elirep ac^pcov eTC. 
 Ma Aia, €(f)7], & Scw/c/oare?, ov fxot Sofcel. 
 
 7. Kal iyo) UKOVcra^ avrov aire/SXe-Klra ttjOo? tov 'iTriroddXrj, 
 Kal oXiyou i^Tj/jLaprov ' iTrrjXde yap fioi elirelv on Ovrco XPV> 
 
 d> 'iTTTTo^aXe?, toI^ TratBcKol^ BiaXeyeadai, TaireivovvTa Kal 5 
 avareXXovra, dXXd /jlt) wairep av ')(^avvovvTa Kal BLaOpv- 
 TTTOVTa. KaTiBcbv ovv avTov dycovccjvra Kal TeOopv^t^jxevov 
 viro Tojv Xeyofievcov, dve/jLV^aOrjv ore Kal irpoaecrrcii^ XavOdvetv 
 TOV AiKTLV i^ovXero • dveXajSov ovv ifiavrbv Kal i7r€a)(^ov tov 
 Xoyov. 10 
 
 Kat ev T0VT(p 6 Meve^evo^ irdXtv rjKev, Kal eKaOe^eTO Trapd 
 TOV KvaLV, 00 ev Kal i^avecrTr}. 6 ovv Aucrt? fidXa TraiBiKm Kal 
 (\>LXiKO}^, XdOpa TOV Meve^evov, a/JUKpov tt/oo? fJLe Xeycov ecjirj *H 
 ^(OKpaTe<i, direp Kal ifiol Xeyet?, elire Kal Meve^evco. Kal iyco 
 elwov, TavTa p.ev av avTw epeh, d) Avert' irdvTW^ yap irpoael- 15 
 %e9 TOV vovv. Udvv p>ev ovv, ecf)?]. ITet/ow tolvvv, r)v 8' iyd), 
 dTTOjjLvrjfjLOveva-ai airra o tl /xaXiaTa, tva tovtq) cra(f)(o<; TrdvTa 
 eLTTrj^ • idv Be tl avTcav iirtXadr), avdt^ fie dvepeaOat oTav ivTV- 
 ')(r)<; TrpcjTOv. 'AXXa ttoc^o-co, e(f)7}, TavTa, S) ^(OKpaTe<^, irdvv 
 (T<f)6Bpa, ev Xadi. dXXd tl dXXo avTcp Xeye, Xva Kal iyco aKOvco, 20 
 eW av OLKaBe copa y diTLevaL. 'AXXa XPV '^otelv TavTa, rjv B' 
 iyco, erreLBrj ye Kal av KeXeveL<;. dXXd opa ottco^ eiTLKOvprjaeL^ 
 fioL, edv fie eXeyyeLv eirLxetpy 6 Meve^evo^' rj ovk olada otl 
 ipLo-TLKO^; ecTTLV ; Nat fxa Aia, ecfyrj, a(f)6Bpa ye' Btd TavTa tol 
 Kal ^ovXo/jLaL ae avTcp BtaXeyeaOaL. "\va, rjv 8' €70), KaTaye- 25 
 XaCTTO? yevcofjLaL ; Ov fid Aia, e(f)r], aXX' iva ainrov KoXdarj^. 
 TioOev ; rjv 8' iyd) ' ov paBiov ' BeLVO<i yap 6 dvOpcoiro^, K^Trjaiir- 
 TTOV fiaSrfTr}'^. TrdpeaTL Be tol avTO^; — ov^ 6pa<; ; — KrTycrtTrTro?. 
 M.r]Bev6<; aoL, €(j)r], fieXeTO), & ^(OKpaTe^, dXX Wl BLoXeyov avTw. 
 ALaXeKTeov, rjv B' iyd). 30 
 
 8. TavTa ovv rjficav XeyovTcov tt/oo? '^fid<; avToik, Tl vfiel^, 
 €<f>r] 6 KTT^cTiTrTro?, avTO) fiovco eaTtdcrdov, r^fuv Be ov fieTaBCBo- 
 Tov TO)!' Xoycov ; *AXXa fi'qv, rjv S' iyd), fieTaBoTeov. oBe ydp 
 TL 5)v Xeyco ov fiavOdveL, dXXd ^rjaLv oiecrOaL Meve^evov elBevaLy 
 
64 HAATfiNOS 
 
 Kal Kekevei tovtov ipcarav. T<f ovv, rj 8' o?, ovk epodra^ ; 'AW 
 ipijaofiaL, Tjv 8' iyco. Kai fxoi elire, a> Meue^eve, b av ae epcofxai. 
 Tvyx^dvco yap iic iraiBo^ iTrtdv/jLcov Krrjixaro'^ rov, wairep aX\o<; 
 aWou. 6 fJL€v yap rt? tTTTrou? iiriOvfjiel fcrdaOaL, 6 Be Kvva^, 6 
 5 Be 'x^pvaiov, 6 Be TC/jLa^; ' iyoj Be ttjOo? /jlcv ravra irpaa)^ ^'%^> 
 
 7r/30? Be TTfV TOJV (f)LXcOV KTTjOrLV irdvV ipCOTt/COJ^, Kal /3ovXOi/JLl]V 
 
 av fjLOt (J)lXov dyaOov yeveaOai fxaXXov rj rov dptcTTOV ev dvOpo)- 
 irot^ — oprvya ^ dXeKTpvova, teal val fid Ata eycoye fjuaXXov rj 
 LTTTTOV re Kal Kvva' olfxat Be, vr) top Kvva, jxaXXov rj to Aapecov 
 
 10 XP^^^^^ KTrjaaorOaL Be^aLfir)V ttoXv irporepov eralpov ' ovtq)^ 
 ey(o (jjiXeraLpo^ ri? elfit. v/JLd<; ovv opcov, ae re Kal AvaLv, e/c- 
 TrejrXrjy /jLai Kal evBaL/JLOVL^co, on ovrco veoi ovre^ olol t icrrov 
 TOVTO TO KTTJfia Ta')(p Kol paBi(0'i KTaaOaL, Kal av re tovtov 
 ovTQ) (f)iXov eKTTjdCD Ta')(y re Kal a<p6Bpa, Kal av ovto<s ae ' iyco 
 
 15 Be ovTco TToppco elfil tov KTij/xaTO^;, waTe ovB* ovTCva Tpoirov 
 yiyveTai <^lXo<=; eTepo^ errepov olBa, dXXd TaVTa Brj avTa ae 
 fiovXo/jLai epeaOai aTe efiTrecpov. 
 
 9. Ka/ fiot eiire' eireiBdv tl^ Tiva (j)tX^, iroTepo^ iroTepov 
 ^lXo<; yiyveTai, 6 ^iXwv tov ^lXov/jlcvov fj 6 (f)i,XoviJLevo^ tov 
 
 20 (l)iXovvTO^ • rj ovBev Bia(^epei ; OvBev, ecfirf, efJLOiye BoKet Bia- 
 (^epeiv. Ilai? Xeyei<; ; rjv B' iyo)- dfxcfiOTepoi dpa dXXrjXcov 
 <f)iXot yiyvovTai, edv fJLovo^ ^fjLovov* 6 €Tepo<; tov eTepov (t>LXrj ; 
 "FifJLOcye, ecj^rj, BoKel. Tt Be ; ovk eaTiv <f)iXovvTa fir) dvTKpt- 
 XelaOai viro tovtov ov dv <j)tXr} ; "EaTLV. Tt Be; dpa eaTiV 
 
 25 Kal jXiaelaOai (f)LXovvTa ; olov ttov eviOTe BoKOvai Kal ol epa- 
 aTal 'jrda')(eiv Trpo^ ra TraiBtKa • ^tXoOi/re? yap w? olov re 
 IxdXiaTa^ol fiev otovTai ovk dvTK^iXelaOaL, ol Be Kal paaelaOaL • 
 r} OVK dXr)6h BoKel aoc tovto ; ^cfyoBpa ye, e(f>7], dXrjOe^. Ov- 
 Kovv ev T(p TOtovTQ), rjv B* eyd), 6 jxev cfyiXel, 6 Be ^cXeiTac ; 
 
 30 Nat' ndrepo? ovv avTcov woTepov cj)tXo<; eaTiv ; 6 (f)tX(ov tov 
 (fnXovfjuevov, edv re firj dvTtcj^iXriTaL edv re Kal fjnar/Tai, rj 6 
 (l>iXov/jievo<; TOV (J>lXovvto^ ; r} ovBeTepo^ av ev tw tolovtm ov- 
 BeTepov 0iXo? eaTiv, dv /jlt] dfJi<^6Tepoi dXXT]Xov<i ^iXoiaiv ; 
 'EiOiKe yovv ovtco^ ^X^''^' 'AXXolco^ dpa vvv iq/jlIv BoKel rj 
 
ATSIS. 65 
 
 irpoTepov eho^ev. rore /jl€V yap, el 6 erepo^ (f)L\o2, <^i\(o eh at 
 d/JL(j)co ' vvv Be, av fjLr) a/i(f)6Tepoi <^i\(x)aiv, ovherepo^i <f)C\o^. 
 K.LvBvueveL, e^r). Ovk dpa iarlv (f)t\ov ray (J)l\ovptl ovBev fir} 
 ovfc dvTt(f)t\ovv. Ovk eoiKev. Ovh^ dpa ^IXiTriroC elaiv oih 
 av ol LTTTTOt fjbr] dvTL(l)t\a)atv, ovBe (jicXoprvye^;, ovS* av ^iXoKVve^ 5 
 ye Kal (j)i\otvot /cal (j^cXoyv/jLvaaTal Kal ^L\6ao(^oL, av pLrj rj 
 ao^ia avTov<; dvTt(j)i\rj. rj ^ikovcn /xev ravra eKaaroL, ov fiev- 
 TOL (j)iXa ovra, dWd 'y^evBeO^ 6 TroLrjrrj^;, 69 e(f)7) 
 
 6\^co<;, w Trat^e? re (f>C\oi Kal /jLoyvv^e^; Xttttol 
 
 Kal Kvve^ dypevral Kal feVo? dWohairo^i ; 10 
 
 OvK e/JLOtye BoKel, tj 3' 09. 'AW' dXijOrj BoKel Xeyeuv aoi; ^al. 
 To <l>LXov/jLevov dpa tm (f)cXovvTC ^iXov eariv, o)? eoiKev, « Me- 
 ve^eve, edv re ^fJir)* <f>iXfi edv re Kal /JLto-fj • olov Kal rd vecoarl 
 yeyovoTa iraiBia, rd fiev ovBeirco (^iXovvra, rd Be Kal /jLicrovvra, 
 orav KoXd^rjTai vtto tt)? firjTpbf; rj vtto tov irarpo^, o/jloj^; Kal 15 
 /jLLaovvra ev eKelva> rO) xp6v(p Trdvrcov fidXtard icrrt roU yovevcn 
 (fyiXrara. "^/JLOcye BoKel, e(f)7j, ovtco^; e')(^eLV. Ovk dpa 6 (f)cXcbv 
 <^tXo9 iK TOVTOV TOV Xoyov, dXX 6 (f)LXoviJLevo<;. "^otKev. K.al 
 6 lULLaovfjLevo^ e')(Ppo^ dpa, dXX ov')(^ 6 jxiaoiv. ^aCverai. TloX- 
 Xol dpa viro rcov i'^^Opcov ^iXovvrat, vtto Be rcov (j)iX(ov fiiaovv- 20 
 Taiy Kal Tolf; fiev ex^pol^ (f)CXoL elalv, roh Be (fiiXoi^ e^Qpoi, el 
 TO (f>LXov/Jievov (j)iXov iaTlv dXXd fir) to ^lXovv. KaiTOi ttoXXt) 
 dXoyla, S> cjitXe CTalpe, /xaXXov Be, olixai, Kal dBvvaTov, tm re 
 <l)LXa) e^Opov Kal tm e^Ppcp <J)lXov etvai. *AX7]6tj, e^r], eoLKa<; 
 XeyeLv, w ^ooKpaTe'i. Ovkovv el tovt dBvvaTOV, to (pcXovv av 25 
 eiT) (f)LXov TOV (ptXov/jLevov, ^aiveTai. To /jllctovv dpa irdXiv 
 e^ppov TOV ixLaovfievov. ^AvdyKt). Ovkovv TavTa rjjMV (tv/jl- 
 ^rjaeTat dvayKalov elvat ofioXoyelv, direp eirl tmv TrpoTepov, 
 iroXXaKt^ <j)iXov elvat firj (ptXov, 7roXXdKL<; Be Kal e^Opov, oTav 
 7j fit) (fnXovv Tt? (fiiXrj rj Kal fJLLaovv (f)iXrj • iroXXaKi^ B' i^^pov 3c 
 elvac /JLT) e^Ppov rj Kal ^lXov, oTav rj ^fir)* /iLaovv ri? Att<j^ -^ 
 Kal (jytXovv fiLarj. J^tvBvvevei, e(f)rj. Tt ovv Brj ^/9r;o-ctf//,e^a, rjv 
 B' iyo), el fiTjTe ol (f)tXovvTe<; ^IXol eaovTai /JLrJTe ol (ptXov/jLevoL 
 jirjTe ol <f)LXovvTe^ re Kal (f>cXov/jLevot, dXXd Kal irapd TavTa 
 
66 HAATfiNOS 
 
 aXKov^ Tivaf; ert (f^rjaofiev elvat <^t\ou? a\\rjXot<; ytyvofievov^ ; 
 Ov fia Tov Aba, e^rj, w ^co/cpare^;, ov Trdvv evTropcj eycoye. 'A/oa 
 fi7] rjv 8' iyw, 3) M.eve^€i'€, to irapdirav ov/c op6(>i<; i^7)T0VfjLev ; 
 OvK e/ioiye Bo/cel^ ^ecj)?]^, co Sco/c^oare?, o Avo-t?. Kal a/jua elirwv 
 5 ripvOplaaev ' eBotcet yap /jlol dfcovr avrov eK^evyetv to \e')(6ev 
 hia TO (T(j)6Spa TTpoae'^eiv tov vovv toI^ XeyajxevoL^ • Si}A,09 8' 
 r}V Kal oTe r]KpoaTO ovt(o<; 6')((ov. 
 
 10. '£70) ovv ^ovXofjievo^ tov re M.€V€^6vov dvairavaai Kal 
 eKeivov TjcrOeh ttj (f)i\oao(j)La, ovtco ixeTa^aXoxv irpo^ tov Avaiv 
 
 10 iiroiovpLT^v Toi)? X6yov<;, Kal elirov '12 Avat, aXijOrj /jlol BoKet^i 
 Xeyeiv otl el 6p6oi<^ '^fiel'S iaKOTrovfiev, ovk dv ttote ovt(o<; eirXa- 
 vco/jieOa. dXXd TavTrj fxev firjKeTi tco/xev ' Kal yap p^aXeTr?; T19 
 fioL (^aiveTai waTrep 6Bb<; rj aKeyjn^; ' y he eTpdTrrjfiev^ BoKel /jlol 
 'X^prjvai levaL, cTKOTTOVVTa^ KaTa roy? 7roLi]Td<; • ovtol yap rjfiLV 
 
 15 (ocTTrep iraTepe^ tt)^ ao^la^ elalv Kal r/ye/JLOve^;. Xeyovai he 
 Stjttov ov (f)avX(0(; diro^aivojjLevoL irepl tcov (f)LXa)v, ot Tvy^d- 
 vovaLV ovTe^ ' dXXd tov Oeov avTov (paalv iroteiv <f){Xov<; 
 avTOv<;, dyovTa Trap' dXXr}Xov<;. Xeyovat he tto)? TavTa, «<? 
 ey&ixai, q)Sl' 
 
 20 aUi Toi TOV o/Jiolov dyet ^€09 o)? tov 6/jloiov 
 
 Kol TTpiel yvd)pL/jLOV 7j OVK eVT€TV^7;/ca? TOVTOL<; T0Z9 eireaiv ; 
 "Etyoyy, €(f>r). Ovkovv Kal toU tmv ao(f)coTdTa)v avyy pdfxixacnv 
 evTeTV')(r)Ka^ TavTa TavTa Xeyovacv, otl to ojjlolov tw ofioio) 
 dvdyKTj del (j)iXov elvaL; elalv Be ttov oi)tol ol irepl t^vaedy; 
 
 25 re Kal tov oXov BLaXeyofievoL Kal ypd^ovTe^. *AXr]6rj, €<f)r], 
 XeyeL<;. 'A/)' ovv, rjv S' €70), ev XeyovaLv ; *'Icra)9, €0?;. "Icra)9, 
 r)V 8' eyd), to rjiiLav avTOV, Laco<; Be Kal irdv, dXX^ rj/jLel^ ov avvi- 
 efiev. BoKel yap rj/jJlv 6 ye irovrjpo^ t& Trovrjpw, oaw dv 6771/- 
 TepQ) TTpocTLrj Kal fxdXXov ofiLX^, ToaovTcp e')(6(.(ov yCyveaOaL. 
 
 30 dBLKel ydp * dBLK0VVTa<; Be Kal dBtKOVixevov^ dBvvaTov irov 
 (J)lXov^ elvaL. ou% ovt(0(; ; Nat, rj B* 09. TavTrj fiev dv 
 TOLVVV tov XeyofjLevov to tj/jllo-v ovk dX7)6h eirj, eXirep ol irovq- 
 pol dXXriXoL<; ojxoiOL. 'AXri6rj XeyeL^. *AXXd /jlol BoKOvaLV 
 XeyeLV tois dyaOois o/jlolov; elvaL dXXrjXoL<; Kal (f>LXov<i, T01/9 
 
ATSIS. 67 
 
 Be Kafcov<;, oirep koi XeyeTai irepl avroiv, fMrj^eirore o^jlolov^ /jlt)^ 
 avTois avTOt? elvat, a\V i/iiTrXTjKTOV^; re koI aarad fjirjTOV^ • 6 
 he avTO avrw avo/xoLov etrj koI Btd(f)opov, a')(^o\rj y *cti^* rm 
 dWo) ofjboiov Tj (j)i\ov yevotTO ' rj ov fcal crol SoKel ovtw^ ; 
 "E/ioty', 6(^77. TovTO TOivvv alviTTOvrai, q)9 i/xol Bokovctlv, at 5 
 eralpe, ol to 6/jlolov tw o/jlolo) (f)i\ov Xeyoi^re?, «? 6 a<ya6o<; tm 
 dyaOw /JLOvo^ fxovw (J)lXo(;, 6 Be KaKO's ovre dyaOa> ovre /ca/coj 
 ovheTTore ek dXijOrf (l)L\{av epx^rai. avvhoKel aot ; Karevev- 
 aev. "Fi^o/Jt'ep dpa 7]8r), TLve^; elalv ol (jyiXoL • o yap X0709 iQfilv 
 arj/Jiaivet, ore ol dv waiv dyaOoL Udvv ye, e(f)7), So/cel. 10 
 
 11. K.al e/JLOL, rjv 8' iyay /caiTOi 8va')(epaivco tL ye ev avrcp- 
 <l>€pe ovv, & 7r/309 Ato9, iBcd/jLev rC koi wroTTTevco. 6 ofioLO^ Ta> 
 o/jLOiO) KaG* oaov ofioLo^; 0tXo9, Kal eaTiv ')(^priaLixo^ 6 tolovto(; 
 Tti) TOLOVTO) ; jJbdWov Be a)Be ' otlovv 6/jloiov otcoovv o/jlolo) rCva 
 QxfyeXLav [e%etz^] rj Tiva fiXd^rjv dv TrotrjaaL BvvaiTO, 6 fjirj Kal 15 
 avTO avT(p; rj rC dv iraOelv, o firj Kal vcj) avTOV irdOoi ; rd 
 Brj rotavra ttco? dv vir dWrfkoDV dyairr^Oeir), fjLrjBefiLav eiriKOV- 
 piav dWrfkoL^ e^ovra; ecrrtv oiro)^ ; Ovk eartv. *0 Be firf 
 dyairOrro, iro}^ (f>i\ov ; OvBafjL(o<i. *A\Xd Brj 6 fiev ofiOLo^ tm 
 o/JLOLO) ov (f)L\o<; ' 6 Be dya6o<; tm dyaOo) KaO* oaov dyaOo^, ov 20 
 KaO^ oaov ofjLOto^, <f>L\o^ dv etr) ; "Icrft)9. Ti' Be; ou^ 6 dya06<;, 
 Ka6* oaov dya66<i, Kara roaovrov lKavo<i dv eXtj avrw; NaL 
 'O Be ye iKavo<; ovBevb^ Be6/jievo<; Kara ryv iKavoTrfra. YVoi)^ 
 yap ov ; 'O Be fir] rov Be6fjLevo<; ovBe tl dyairm) dv. Ov yap 
 ovv. 'O Be jJLT] dyaircdv ovB' dv (f>L\ol. Ov Brjra. 'O Be /nr) 25 
 (fnXayv ye ov (^tXo9. Ov (j)aLveTac. 110)9 ovv ol dyaOol rok 
 dyaOok iQ/JLLV ^lXol eaovrai ttjv dp')(rjv, ol pLr^re dirovre^ iroOeu- 
 vol dW'qXot^; — iKavol yap eavTol<; Kal %G>/3t9 6vTe<i — pbrjre 
 irapovre^ 'X^peiav avrcjv e')(^ovcnv ; rot«? Br) tolovtov^; tl<; /JLr]')(^avrf 
 Trepl iroWov iroielaOai dX\'^\ov<; ; OvBefiia, e(f)7]. ^lXol Be ^o 
 ye OVK dv elev firj Trepl ttoXXov irotovfievot eavrov^. 'AXijOij. 
 
 12. ''Ad pec SrJ, a) Aval, iry irapaKpovofieOa. dpd ye oXw nvl 
 e^airaToy/jLeOa ; Hm^ Bi] ; ecfyrj. "HBt] Trore tov rJKOva-a Xeyov- 
 T09, Kal dpri dva/jLCfivpo-KOfiac, on to fiev o/jlolov tQ> op.oi(d xal 
 
68 HAATfiNOS 
 
 ol ayaOol roi? ayaOoU TroXe/JLtmraTOL elev ' kol Btj koX tov 'Ho-/- 
 ohov eTT'tjyeTO fidprvpa, Xeycov o)? dpa 
 
 Kal Kepa/jLeiff; Kepajjuet /coreeL Kal docSof; dotBa> 
 Kal 7rTCd')(^b^ 7rTft)%ft), 
 5 Kal rdWa Br) irdvra oi/tq)? e^rj avayKolov elvai fidXia-ra 
 rd o/jLOLorara ^7rpo<;* dWijXa (jyOovov re Kal (f>L\oviKia<i Kal 
 e^dpa^ i/jLTTL/jLTrXaa-Oat, rd 8' dvofjLotorara <^LXia<;. tov yap 
 irevTjra tc3 irXovalw dvayKa^eaOai (f^lXov elvai Kal tov daOevrj 
 Tft) la')(ypcp Tr]<; iTTCKOvpiaf; eveKa, Kal tov Kd/iivovTa to3 laTpco • 
 
 10 Kal iravTa Brj tov fir) elBoTa dyairdv tov elSoTa Kal <f>LXelv» 
 Kal Br) Kal 6Ti iire^yei tm Xoyco /xeyaXoTTpe'TreaTepov, Xeycov 
 ft)9 dpa iravTO^ Beoi to ofiotov tco ofiolo) (jylXov etvai, aXX* avTO 
 TO evavTLOv eXr) tovtov • to yap evavTiWTaTOV tw ivavTicoTdTO) 
 elvai jJbdXiG-Ta cf)iXov. €7rt6v/jL€LV yap tov tolovtou cKacrTOV, 
 
 15 a\V ov TOV ofjLOLOv' TO fJLev yap ^7)p6v vypov, to Be ^fru^pov 
 OepfjLOv, TO Be TTLKpov yXvKW, TO Be o^v a//./3Xeo9, to Be Kevov 
 'rrXr)p(0(Teci)<;, Kal to TrX^pe? Be K€vd)aeod<; • koI TaXXa ovtq) 
 KaTa TOV avTov Xoyov. Tpo^r)v yap elvat to ivavTLOv T(p 
 evavTiw ' TO yap o/jlolov tov ofioiov ovBev dv diroXavaai. Kal 
 
 20 fievToi, 0) eTalpe, Kal Ko/jLyjro<i eBoKeu elvai TavTa Xeycov • ev 
 yap eXeyev. vpHv Be, rjv 3' iyco, ttw? Bok€L XeyeiV ; Eu ye, 
 e<f>r) 6 M.€ve^evo(;, w? ye ovtoxtI aKovcrai. ^(Ofiev dpa to evav- 
 TLov T(p evavTLCp fxdXiaTa ^iXov elvat ; Udvv ye. Eilev, rjV 
 8' eyd)' ovK oXXokotov, o) Meve^eve ; Kal rj/jLtv evOv<; do-fievoi 
 
 25 e7ri'irr)BrjaovTai ovTOi ol 7rdaao(f)0L dvBpe<^, ol dvTiXoytKoi, Kal 
 eprj(TOVTai el ovk evavTicoTaTOv e'X^Opa (fyiXta ; oh tl diroKptvov- 
 fieda ; rj ovk dvdyKrj ofioXoyelv oTi dXr)Orj Xeyovcnv ; ^ KvdyKi). 
 
 *Ap* OVV, <f)rj(TOV(TLV, TO i^6pOV T(p (f>iXa) (f)iX0V T) TO <j)iX0V Tft) 
 
 e')(6p(p ; OvBeTepa, ec^r). ^ KXXd to BiKatov tu> uBlkw, rj to 
 30 a(it)(j)pov Tw aKoXdaTWy rj to dyadov to3 KaK<p ; Ovk dv /jlol 
 BoKel ovTQx; e^etv. 'AXXa fievTOi, rjv S' eydi, ecTrep ye KaTa Trjv 
 evavTi6Tr)Td tI tw ^lXov eaTLv, dvdyKJ) Kal TavTa <^iXa elvai. 
 ^KvdyKT). OvTe dpa to ojjLOiov rco ofioiw ovTe to evavTLov tq) 
 ivavTiw (j)iXov. Ovk eoiKev. 
 
ATSIS. 69 
 
 13. "Ert 3e /cal roSe o-Keyjrai/jLeda, firj en fxaXkov 7)fia<i \av- 
 Odvet TO (fyiXov tw? d\7j6co<; ovSev tovtcou 6v, dWa to fJuiJTe 
 dyaOov fMrJTe kukov (ptXov ovtco iroTe yiyvo/jLevov tov dja6ov. 
 IIw?, rj S' 09, Xeyet? ; 'AXXa fMa Ala, rjv 8' iyo), ovk olBa, 
 dWa T(a ovTv avTO<^ elXcyjtco viro r?}? tov Xoyov diropia*;, koX 5 
 KLvhvvevei KaTa ttjv dp')(^aiav TrapoifJiLav to koXov <f>i\ov elvai. 
 €0LK6 yovv fiaXaKM tlvl koI Xelw kol Xiirapco • hio koI ovtco<; 
 paBLO)<i hioXtaOaiveL koL hiahveTat rjfid^, cuTe toiovtov 6v. Xeyco 
 yap TayaOov KaXov elvai ' av 3' ovk o'lei ; "£70)76. Aiyco 
 Toivvv dTTOfiavTevofjuevof;, tov KaXov re KayaOov <piXov elvau 10 
 TO jJLiJTe dyadov fMijTe KaKOV irpo^ a he Xeycov fxavTevo/jLai, 
 cLKOvaov. BoKcl fxot wcrirepel Tpia ciTTa elvai yevr], to fjuev 
 dyadov, to Se KaKov, to 8' ovt dyaOov ovTe KaKov tI he aoi ; 
 Kal eyLtot, e^?;. Kal ovTe TayaOov Tdya6(p ovTe to KaKov too 
 KaKQt ovTe TayaOov tw KaKw <j)lXov elvai, cocnrep ovB* 6 efiirpo- 15 
 aOev Xoyos ea • XelireTai hrj, etirep too Ti eaTiv (jilXov, to /jl7]T€ 
 dyadov fMrjTe KaKov (j>iXov elvai rj tov dyadov rj tov TOiovTOV 
 olov avTO ecTTiV. ov yap Br]7rov too KaKco (j>iXov dv Ti yevoiTO. 
 ^AXtjOt]. Ovhe firjv to ofxoiov too ojjlolw e(f)a/JLev dpTi' rj yap; 
 Nai. Ovk dpa eaTai too fi^Te dyadO) yn^Te KaK^ to TOiOVTOv 20 
 <f)iXov olov avTO. Ov ^aiveTai. Too dyad (a dpa to fJbrjTe 
 dyaOov fi^Te KaKov /jlovo) fiovov avfi^atvei yiyveaOai (piXov, 
 'AvdyKT^, 009 eoiKev. 
 
 14. ^Ap' ovv Kal KaXct)<;, r)V 8* €700, w iralhe*^, v(f>rjy6lTai 
 7JIUV TO vvv Xeyo/juevov ; el yovv iOeXoifiev evvorjaai to vyial- 25 
 vov aoifjia, ovBev laTpiKrj<; SeiTai ovBe ft)^6X/a9 * iKavayf; yap 
 exei, wcTTe vyialvcov ovSeU laTpoi ^LXo^ hid t7)v vyieiav. r) 
 yap ; Ovhei^. 'AXV o Ka/jivoov, olfiai, Sid Tr]V voaov. 11 009 
 yap ov ; N6a-o<; fiev Br) KaKOV, laTpiKrj Be w<f)eXiixov Kal dya- 
 Oov. 'NaL ^cdfia Be ye ttov KaTa to acofia elvai ovTe dyadov 30 
 ovTe KaKOV. Oi;too9. ^ AvayKa^eTai Be ye aoapLa Bid voaov 
 laTpiKTjv daird^eadai Kal <j>iXelv. AoKel fioi. To firJTe KaKov 
 dpa /jLTjTe dyadov (plXov yiyveTai tov dyadov Bid KaKOv irapov- 
 atav. "RoiKev. ArjXov Be ye oTi irplv yeveadai avTo KaKov 
 
70 HAATfiNOS 
 
 VTTO Tov KUKOV ov €)(ei. ou yap Sf] <y6 Karcov yeyovo^ en civ 
 Tov dyaOov iiriOvjJLol /cal ^C\ov elr] • ahvvarov yap e^afxev 
 KaKov ayaQ(£> (fylXov elvat. ^ABvvarov yap. XKe'\jraa66 Br) o 
 Xeyco. \eyct) yap on evia fiev, olov av y to irapov, roiavrd 
 5 iarTL Kal avrd, evia he ov. coairep el edeXoc tl^; ')^p(i)fJLaTi tm 
 onovv dXet-xIrai, irdpeaTLV irov tm dXei^devn to e'jTaX€i<f)6ev. 
 Yldvv ye. ^Ap* ovv Kal eaTiv totc tolovtov ttjv %/ooai/ to 
 dXeL(f)Oev, olov to eirov ; Ov /jLavOdvo), rj 8' o?. 'AW' wSe, 
 riv S' eyd). et r/? aov ^avOd<; ovaa^ Td<=; TpL')(a(; 'yjnfivdLO) dXel- 
 
 lo 'y^eiev, iroTepov TOTe Xevfcal elev rj <^aivoiVT dv ; ^alvoLVT 
 dvy T) K 09. Kal jJi-qv irapeir) y dv avTal^ XevKOTrj^;. ISai. 
 *AXX' o/xft)9 ovBev tl /xdXXov dv elev XevKai ttco, dXXd Trapov- 
 <ir}f; XevKOTTjTO^; ovTe tl XevKal ovTe fieXatval elaiv. 'AXrjOrj. 
 'AXX-' oTav 8/;, &> (f)iXe, to yr]pa<i avTal<^ TavTov tovto '^pcof^a 
 
 15 eiraydyy, TOTe iyevovTO olovirep to irapov, XevKov Trapovcrla 
 XevKaL IIco? yap ov ; Tovto tolvvv epcjTO) vvv 8^, el w dv 
 TL Trapfjy tolovtov eaTaL to e'^ov olov to irapov ' rj edv fxev 
 KaTa TLva Tpoirov irapf}, eaTaL, edv Be jxtj, ov ; Ovtod /jluX- 
 Xov, e(f)r]. Kal to fiiJTe KaKov dpa firjTe dyaOov evloTe kukov 
 
 20 irapovTO^ ovTTCo KaKOV eaTLV, eaTLV S* OTe r^hrj to tolovtov yeyo- 
 vev. Hdvv ye. Ovkovv oTav /ii7]7rco KaKov y /caKov 7rap6vT0<;, 
 avTT) fjLev rj irapovoria dyaOov avTo iroLel eiTLOvfielv • rf Se KttKov 
 iroLovaa diroaTepel avTo t7]<; Te eVt^fyLt/a? d/Jta Kal Tr]<; (ftLXla^; 
 TayaOov. ov yap eTL eaTlv ovTe KaKOv ovTe dyaOov, dXXd Ka- 
 
 25 Kov ' <j)iXov he dyaOfM KaKov ovk yv. Ov yap ovv. Ata TavTa 
 8r} (jyalfiev dv Kal to 1)9 ijBr} ao^ov^ fjLrjKeTL i^CXoao^elv, ecTe 
 deol elVe dvOpcoirol elaiv ovtol • ovS* av eKelvov; <f)LXocro(^elv 
 Tot'9 ovTco^ dyvoLav €')(^ovTa^ waTe KaKov^ elvaL • KaKov yap Kal 
 d/jiadrj ovBeva (pLXoaocpeLV. XelirovTaL Br) ol €^ovTe<; fJLev to 
 
 30 KaKOV TOVTO, Trjv dyvoLav, jjurjirca Be vtt avTov 6vTe<; dyVQ)/jiove<; 
 fir)Be djxaOel^, aX'hJ eTL rjyoviJLevoL fir] elBevaL d firj laaaLV. Blo 
 Br) Kal ^iXo(TO(fiov(TLV ol ovTe dyaOol ovTe KaKoi irw ovTe^ ' 
 oaoL Be KaKOL, ov <f>LXoa-o(f)ov(TLV, ovBe ol dyaOol' ovTe yap to 
 
 ivaVTLOV TOV ivaVTLOV OVTe to O/JLOLOV tov 6/JLOLOV <f>LX0V rjfJLLV 
 
ATSIS. 71 
 
 6(f)dv7} ev Tol<; ejJLTTpoo-dev Xo^oi^. rj ov /jiifivrjaOe ; Haw 76, 
 i(j>dT7]v. Nvv dpa, rjv 8* e^co, w Kvai re Koi M.€ve^eV6y iravro^ 
 fjLaWov e^rjvpYjKafiev o eanv to <f)i\ov koi ov. (fiafiev yap 
 avTo, Kol Kara rrjv '^v^rjv Kal Kara ro aoifxa Kal Travra^ov, 
 TO iXTjTe Kafcov fJbTjTe dyaOov hia KaKov Trapovalav tov dyaOov 5 
 <f)L\ov elvai. YiavTCLiraaiV 6(f)dT7]v re Kal avv6')(^a)p€iT7]v ovto) 
 TOVT e-^ELV. 
 
 15. Kat Bt) Kal avTO<i iyco irdw e'^acpov^ coairep Or^pevTrj^i 
 Tt9, €')((DV dya7r7]Tco<; o idrjpevofnjv. KaireLT ovk olS* oirodev 
 fjLOL aTOTTCOTdTTj Ti? v7ro'\JrLa elarjXOev, oi^; ovk dXrjOrj clt) tcl 10 
 wfJio\oy7]fjLeva rjfjblv • Kal €v0v<; d')(6ea6el(; elirov ^a^al, o) Aval 
 T€ Kal M.6ve^6ve, Kivhwevofiev ovap nTeifXovTrjKevai. Tt jid- 
 \i(TTa; €<f)r] 6 M.eve^6Vo<;. ^oPovfiai, rjv S' eyd), /jlt) axTTrep 
 avOpcoTTOL^i d\a^6cnv \6yoL<; TLalv toiovtol^; ivTeTvyrjKaixev 
 irepl TOV (J)l\ov. lift)? 8rj ; 'i^rj. "^USe, rjv K iyco, o-KOTTWfiev 15 
 (J}l\o<; 09 av elr], iroTCpov ecTTiv tm ^t'Xo? 97 ov ; ^AvdyKT], 
 €^7). lioTepov ovv ovhevo^ eveKa Kal Bt ovBev, rj ev6Kd tov 
 Kal Bid TL ; "EjveKa tov Kal Bid tl. VLoTCpov <f)i\ov 6vto<; 
 eKelvov TOV irpdyfiaTO^;, ov eveKa ^i\o<i 6 (f)i\o(; tm (j)i\(p, rj 
 ovTe (jylXov ovte €')(^dpov; Ov irdvv, e^r), eirofjiai. ¥jIk6t(o<; 20 
 ye, rjv B* iyco • dX)C a)Be tcrw^ dKo\ovdija€i<;, oi/xai Be Kal eycb 
 fjidWov etcro/Jiai 6 ti Xeyco. 6 Kdfivcjv, vvvBrj e^ajxev, tov 
 laTpov (jfetXo? • ov')(^ ovTOi^ ; ^ai. Ovkovv Bid voaov eveKa 
 vyieia<^ tov laTpov (jyiXot; ; Nat. 'H Be ye voao^ KaKOV ; 
 ITco? 3' ov ; Tt Be vyleia ; rjv B* iyco ' dyaOov rj KaKov rj 25 
 ovBeTepa ; 'Aya66v, e^rj. ^^Xeyofiev B' dpa, ox? eoiKev, oti 
 TO ao3[xa, ovTe dyaOov ovTe KaKov ov, Bid Trjv voaov, tovto Be 
 Bid to KaKOV, T979 iaTpiKrj<; (f)iXov iaTiv • dyaOov 8' r) laTpiKTj • 
 eveKa Be Trj<; vyieia<^ ttjv <^iXLav 77 laTpiKt) dvrjprjTai • rj Be 
 vyieia dyaOov. rj ydp ; ^al. ^iXov Be rj ov (f)iXov r) vyleia ; 30 
 ^iXov. 'H Be v6ao<^ i^Opov. Tldvv ye. To ovTe KaKov ovTe 
 dyaOov dpa Bid to KaKov Kal to i^Opov tov dyaOov <j>iXov 
 iaTlv eveKa tov dyaOov Kal (f>iXov. ^alveTai. "F^veKa dpa tov 
 <j>lXov TO (fiiXov ^Tov (f)iXov^ <^lXov Bid to i^Opov. "KoiKev. 
 
72 nAAT12N0S 
 
 16. El€V, Tjv S* eyco. eTreiSr) ivTavOa rjKO^ev, o) TratSe?, 
 7rp6a(T)(^w /Ji€v Tov vovv,/Jbr) i^airarTjOoi^ev. on fiev yap (f)L\ov 
 Tov (f)LXou TO (plXov yeyovev, ioi '^aipeLV, koI tov o/jloiov <y ^otl* 
 TO ojJLOLOv (J)l\ov yLyvETai, o e(f)afiev dSvvaTOv elvat • aW* o/jLcoq 
 5 ToSe o-Keyjrco/Jieda, /jLtj r)fid<i i^aTraTTjarj to vvv \ey6/jL€Vov. r) 
 laTpLKrj, ^afjbev, eveica t% vycela^; <f)i\ov. NaL Ovkovv Kal 
 7) vyUta (f>i\ov ; Udvv ye. Et dpa <j)i\ov, eveKa tov. 'Nat. 
 ^IXov ye TLVo<; Bi], etirep aKoXovdrjaeo tt} irpoaOev ofxoXoyia. 
 Tidvv ye. Ovkovv Kal eKelvo <f>iXov av eaTai eveKa (plXov ; 
 
 10 Nat. ^Ap* ovv ovK dvdyKt] direiTrelv rnid<^ ovtco<; l6vTa<^, rj 
 d<f)LKea6ai eiri Tiva ap')(r']V^ rj ovk€t iiravoiaei eir dXXo ^IXov, 
 [ttXA,* Tj^et^ eir eKelvo 6 eaTtv ^to* irpMTOv (j)lXov, ov eveKa 
 Kal Ta dXXa (f)a/iev irdvTa (fyiXa elvai ; ^ KvdyKT]. ToOro tir\ 
 eGTiV o Xey(Oy jjltj r)/jLd<i TaXXa iravra a etTro/iiev eKelvov eveKa 
 
 15 (piXa elvac, coairep e'tScoXa aTTa ovTa auTov, e^airaTci, fj 8' 
 eKelvo TO TTpMTOv, o ft)? dX7]6ct)(; eaTt cfiiXov. evvoyacofjuev yap 
 ovTwai' oTav tl<; tl irepl iroXXov TroirjTaL, olovirep evloTe 
 iraTTip vov dvTl irdvTwv tcov dXXcov '^(^pijfjidTcov irpoTL/Juay 6 Srj 
 TOiOVTO<^ eveKa tov tov vov irepl iravTo^ rjyelaOai dpa Kal 
 
 20 dXXo TL dv irepl iroXXov ttoloIto ; olov el alaOdvoiTO avTov 
 Kcovecov TreTTCoKOTa, dpa rrepl ttoXXov ttoioIt dv olvov, etirep 
 TovTO rjyoLTO TOV VOV acoaetv ; T/ fitjv ; ecfuj. Ovkovv Kal 
 TO dyyecov, ev m 6 olvo<i eveir) ; Udvv ye. ^Ap* ovv TOTe 
 ovSev rrepl irXecovo^^ TToielTai KvXiKa Kepajxeav rj tov vov 
 
 25 TOV avTov, ovBe Tpel^ KOTvXa<^ olvov rj tov vov ; rj a)Be ttw? 
 e'X^ei' irdaa rj TotavTrj airovSr) ovk eirl tovtoi<^ eaTlv eairov- 
 Baorfiivrj, eirl toI<; eveKd tov 7rapacrKeva^o/JLevoL<;, dXX* eir' 
 eKelvay, ov eveKa irdvTa Ta TOiavTa irapao-Kevd^eTai. ou;^ 
 oTt 7roXXdKL<; Xeyo/Jtev, ft)? irepl itoXXov iroLovjieOa ')(^pvaLov Kal 
 
 30 dpyvpiov ' dXXd fir) ovBev Tt fidXXov ovtco to ye dXrjOh 6^77 • 
 aW eKelvo eaTtv o irepl iravTO^; irotovfjLeOa, o dv (f)avfj ov, 
 OTOv eveKa Kal y^pvaiov Kal irdvTa Ta irapaaKeva^ofieva irapa- 
 (TKevd^eTat. dp ovtq)<; (fyrjaojiev ; Yldvv ye. Ovkovv Kal irepl 
 TOV (fitXov 6 avTb<; Xoyo^; ; ocra yap (f>a/jLev (f>iXa elvat rj/jtlv 
 
ATSIS. 73 
 
 €V€Ka (f>i\ou Ttv6<; erepov, pi^fiari (fyaivojJieOa Xiyovref; avrc' 
 ^lXov Be T(p ovTL KLvhvvevei eKelvo avjo elvai, et? o iraaav 
 avrai at Xeyo/JLevat (juXiat . reXevrcocnv. KivBuvevet oi/tq)9, 
 
 €(f)r), e'X^ELV. OvKOVV TO rye TW OVTL (j)i\0P OV <t)l\0V TLVO^ 6VeKa 
 
 (plXov icTTiv ; ^A\7]6rj. 5 
 
 17. TovTO fxev Srj aTTTjXkaKTat, firj (f>LXov tiv6<; eveKa to 
 (f)i\ov (f)l\ov elvai • cOOC apa to dyaOov eaTiv ^ikov ; "Fj/notye 
 SoKei. ^Ap* ovv Slcl to kukov to dyadbv ^iXelTat, koI e'^et 
 wSe • el TpLMV 6vT(ov S)V vvvhr] eXeyo/jiev, dyadov Kal kukov koI 
 fjurjTe dyadov fiiJTe kukov, to, Svo Xei^deir], to Be KaKov eV- 10 
 TToBcov direkdoi Kal /jLi]8evd<; €(j)d7rT0i,T0 fxrjTe awfiaTO^; ^rjTe 
 'y^rv^Tjfi jjLYjTe tmv aXkmv, a Brj (fyafxev avTCb KaO^ avTa ovTe KaKa 
 elvat ovT€ dya6d, dpa TOTe ovBev dv y/julv ')(^pj](Ti/JL0v eir) to dya- 
 dov, dXK! d^p7}(TT0V dv yeyovo^i etrj ; el yap firjBev rjjid^ €TI 
 ^XdiTTOiy ovBev dv ouBe/itd^ ca^eXia^ Beolfieda, Kal ovtco Brj dv 15 
 TOTe yevoLTO KaTdBrjXov, oti Bed to KaKov TdyaOov rjyaTTMfiev 
 Kal ecfycXov/jLev, ct)9 ^dpfiaKOV ov tov KaKov to dyadov, to Be 
 KaKov voarjixa • voarjfJiaTO^ Be fxr] ovto^ ovBev Bel (f^app^aKov. 
 dp OVTCO 7re(j)VKe re Kal (fnXetTat Tdyadov Bid to KaKov v<f) 
 rjixSiV, Twv /JLCTa^v ovtcov tov KaKOv T€ Kal TdyaOov, avTO 8* 20 
 eavTOV eveKa ovBe/jblav '^pelav e^ei ; "FiOiKev, rj 3' 09, ovT(o<i 
 e^eiv. To dpa ^IXov tj/jlcv eKelvo, el<; o eTeXevTa irdvTa Ta 
 dXX\ d eveKa eTepov (fyiXov tpiXa ecfiafiev elvai, ovBev Brj tovtol^; 
 eoLKev. TavTa fxev yap (j)iXov eveKa (fyiXa KeKXrjTai, to Be tm 
 OVTL (f)lXov irdv TOvvavTLOv tovtov cf)aLveTaL ire^vKO^ • ^iXov 25 
 yap rjjjbLV dve^dvr) ov e^Opov eveKa • el Be to i^Opov direXOoi, 
 ovKCTL, &)9 eoLK, ecd^ rjfiLv (f)LXov. Ov fJLOL BoKel, €(f)7}, 0)9 ye 
 vvv XeyeTaL. UoTepov, rjv B* eyco, 7rpd<i At09, edv to KaKOV diro- 
 XrjTaL, ovBe Tretvrjv eTL ecTTai ovBe Bi-^riv ovBe dXXo ovBev tcov 
 TOLovTCdv ; 7) irelvT] fiev eaTai, edvirep dvOpcoiroL re Kal TaXXa 30 
 ^a>a p, ov fjtevTOL ^Xa^epd ye ; Kal Biyjra Brj Kal al dXXaL Ittl- 
 OvjJLLai, dXX* ov KaKai, aTe tov KaKov dTroXwXoTOf; ; 7) yeXolov 
 TO ipWTrjfjba, 6 tl ttot eaTaL TOTe rj firj eaTai ; tl<^ yap olBev ; 
 dXX* ovv ToBe y lajxev, otl Kal vvv eaTiv TreivoiVTa ^XdirTecrOaLt 
 
74 HAATiiNOS 
 
 eanv he koI wcpeXelaOaL rj jdp ; Ucivv ye. Ovkovv . kol 
 
 Bf^COPia KOL TCOV dXXcOV T0)V TOLOVTCdV irdvTcov iwcOv/JLovvTa 
 
 eaTLV iviore jxev axpeXL/jico^ iTrLOvfielv, iviore Be jBXa^epch^^ 
 evioT6 Be fjL7]BeT€pa ; 'Z<l)68pa ye. Ovkovv eav aTroWvijTaL 
 5 rd KUKa, d ye fjirj rvy^dvei ovra KaKa, tl TrpoaTjKet rot? KaKol<; 
 avvairoWvadai ; OvBev. "Eo-ot'Tat dpa at fxrjTe dyad at /jLijre 
 KaKol eirtdvixiai fcal idv aTroXrjrai, rd KUKd. ^alverac. Otov 
 re ovv ea-TLV eTrtOv/jLovvra kol ipcovra tovtov ov eTrtdv/JLel koI 
 epa /jLT] (j)L\eLV ; Ovk ejiouye So/cet. "Karat dpa Kal Tcav KaicSyv 
 
 lo aTTokojJLevwv, w? eoiKev, ^iV drra. Nat. Ovk dv, eX ye to 
 KaKov atrtov rjv rod (j)ikov rt elvai, ovk dv tjv tovtov aTroXofii- 
 vov (f)i\ov €Tepov eTCpw. alTLa<; yap d7ro\ofievr)<; dSvvaTOv 
 TTOV Tjv eT eKelvo elvai, ov rjv avTT] 7) alrla. *Op6a)<; \eyeL<;. 
 Ovkovv wfioXoyrjTaL r]pj,v to <f>i\ov ^cXelv tl Kal Bid tl' Kal 
 
 15 w/jdrj/jLev T0T6 ye Bid to KaKov to fJbrjTe dyaOov fx^Te KaKOV 
 TO dyaQov tpikelv ; ^AXrjOfj. NOi' Be ye, co? eoiKe, (j^alveTai 
 dWr) Ti? aLTia tov ^tXelv re Kal (^iXelaOaL, "KoiKev. ^Ap* 
 ovv TM ovTi, cjairep dpTC iXeyofiev, rj eTnOvjJLia rr)? <f)ikia^ 
 ahia, Kal to iiridv/jLovv (f>iXov earlv tovtw ov iTnOvfjuel Kal 
 
 20 t6t€ oTav €7rt6v/jL7J, o Be to irpoTepov eXeyofiev <f)iXov elvai, 
 vOXo^ Ti<; rjv, wairep irolr^ixa K.p6v(p avyKeifievov ; J^cvBvveveL, 
 ecj)!). 'AXXd fievTOL, rjv B' eyco, to ye iirLOvfiovv, ov dv ivBee^ y, 
 TOVTOV eTTtOvfiel. rj ydp ; Nat. To 3' evBeh dpa (f>iXov eKeC- 
 vov ov dv evBee^ y ; AoKel /jlol. 'Ei^See? Be yiyveTai ov dv ti 
 
 25 d(j)aLprJTaL. lift)? 8' ov ; Tov oiKeiov Bi], o)? eoLKev, 6 re epco<; 
 Kal rj ^iXla Kal rj einOvfjiLa Tvy^^^dveL ovaa, «? (f)aLveTai, a> 
 M.ev€^ev€ re Kal Avert. ^vve(f)dTr}v. 'T/>tet9 dpa el (J^lXol 
 eaTOV dXXr]Xoi<;, ^vaei irrj ocKeloi eaO' v/jllv avTol<^. J^o/xtBy, 
 icl)dT7]v. Kat el dpa rt? erepo^ erepov eTnOvfxel, rjv 3' iy(o, a> 
 
 30 iralBe^, ^ epa, ovk dv iroTe eiredv/jLeL ovBe rjpa ovBe e^iXet, el 
 fjLT) olKelo^; Try tw epcofJievM eTvy')(^avev wv rj Kara ttjv '\jrv')(^r}v rj 
 Kard TL tt)? '\jrv)(^rj<; yOo^ rj Tpoirovi rj elBo^. Tidvv ye, e<^7; 
 Meve^evo^ ' 6 Be Awt? eaCyrjaev. Kiev, rjv B' iyo). to [xev Br] 
 (l>vaeL olKelov dvayKalov rjjuv ire^avTaL (j>LXeLV. "RoLKev, ec^rj. 
 
ATSIS. 75 
 
 *AvayKa2ov apa tw yvrjaLO) ipaarrj koX /jltj irpoaTTOii^Ta) <^iXet- 
 adai VTTO TMV iraLdnKMV. 6 fiev ovv Kvctl^ koL 6 Meve^evo^ 
 /jL6yL<i TTO)? eTrevevadri-jV, 6 Se *l7r7ro6d\r]^ viro rrj^ rjSovrj^ iravro- 
 Baira r/cfyieL y^poijMaTa. 
 
 18. Kal e7ft> elirov, ^ovXofievo^ tov \6yov eTnaKe-^aaOaL, Et 5 
 p^ev Tt TO olfcelov tov ofioiov Stacfiepei, \eyotpev dv tl, o)? ipo\ 
 SoKely S) Avat re /cal M.€P€^€V€, irepl cfiiXov, 6 eaTiv * el he Tav- 
 Tov Tvy')(^dveL 6v opoiov re Kal otKelov, ov pahiov aTro/SaXelv tov 
 irpodOev \6yov, &)? ov to opoiov tw opolcp kutcl TrjV opotoTTjTa 
 d')(^p7)(jT0V ' TO 8e d')(^pi](TT0V (J)lXov op^oXoyelv TrXyp^/neXe^;. /Sou- 10 
 XecrO' ovv, rjv B' eyo), iTreiBr) wairep pedvopev viro tov \070u, 
 (Tvy')(^copriacopev Kal (f)(op.ev eTepov tl elvat to oUelov tov opoiov ; 
 Udvv ye. UoTepov ovv /cal TccyaOov ocKelov (fyrjcropev iravTiy to 
 Be Kaicov dXXoTpLov elvai ; 77 to p,ev KaKov tw KaKO) oLKelov, T(p 
 Be dyaOcp to ayaOov, tw Be p,rjTe dyadw p^^Te KaKw to pr^Te 15 
 dyaOov pr^Te /ca/cov ; Ouro)? €(f>dTrjv BoKelv a(f)Latv cKaaTOV 
 €KdaT(p OLKelov elvai. TidXiv dpa, rjv 8' eyd), & TratSe?, ou? to 
 irpoiTOV Xoyov^ direffaXopeOa irepl ^iXla^, eh tovtov<; elaire- 
 TTTWKapev • 6 yap dBiico^; tu) dBiKco Kal 6 KaKo<i tw KaKw ovSev 
 7)TT0V (^tA,09 eaTac rj 6 dyaOb<; tQ) ay ad (p. "FtOtKev, ecpT]. Tt 20 
 Be; TO ayaOov Kal to olKelov av TavTov (fycopev elvai, dXXo tl 
 7j 6 dyaOb^ tw dyaOQ) povov (jiiXo^; ; Udvv ye. 'AXXd pr]V 
 Kal TOVTO ye (hoped a i^eXey^aL rjpd^ avTOis • rj ov pepvrjade ; 
 M.epvi]pe6a. Tt ovv av ctl ')(^prjaaipe6a tm X6y(p; 7) BrjXov 
 OTL ovBev ; Beopai ovv, wcnrep ol ao(j)ol iv rot? BiKaaTTjpLOL^, 25 
 TO, elprjpeva diravTa dvairepirdcaaOaL. el yap pijTe ol ^lXov- 
 pevoL pryre ol ^LXovvTe'i prjTe ol opoLOL prjTe ol dvopoLOL prjTe 
 ol dyadol prjTe ol OLKecoL pijTe tcl dXXa 6a a BLeXrjXvdapev — 
 ov yap eycoye eTL pepvrjpaL viro tov irXrjdov^; — dXX el pLrjBev 
 TOVTWV (j)iXov iaTLV, iyoD pev ovkctl e^co tl Xeyco. 30 
 
 TavTa B' eiTrayv iv vQ) el')(ov dXXov tJBt] tlvo, tcov Trpea^VTe- 
 pcov KLvelv KaTa, waTrep Balpove^; Tive^, 7rpoaeX66vTe<; ol irai- 
 BayayyoL, 6 re tov yieve^evov Kal 6 tov Av(tlBo<;, e^ovTe's avTcov 
 T0U9 a8eX<^ou9, irapeKoXovv Kal eKeXevov avTOv^ OLKaB* diTLevaL ' 
 
76 HAATftNOS ATSIS. 
 
 TJBrj yap rjv oyjre- to fxev ovv irpSyrov kol rifiel^ koI ol Trepteo-rS)- 
 re? avTois ain^Xavvofiev • iTretSrj Se ovBev icj^povTi^ov rj/xcjv, 
 a\X' virojBapPapC^ovre^ '^yavd/cTOVv re /cal ovSev tjttov eKOb- 
 \ovv, KoX ehoKOVv tj/jlIp vTroTreircoKOTe^ iv rol^; 'FipfjLaLOL<; airopoL 
 5 elvai 7rpoa(f)€pea6ai, ^TTr}6€VT€^ ovv avTcJv BieXvcra/Jiev ttjv 
 avvovaCav. 6fJL(o<; S' eycoye rjSrj ainovTODV avrSiV, NOz^ /xeV, ^v 
 8' €706, 3) AvaL re /cal M.ev€^ev€, KarayeXaa-roL yeyovafiep iy(o 
 re, yepcov avijp, Kal vfiel^. ipovat yap oiBe aTrtoVre? a>9 olofxeOa 
 rjixel^ aWrfkoDV ^l\ol elvai — Kal ifxe yap iv v/ilv tlOtj/jll — 
 10 oi/TTO) Be 6 Tt €(TTLv 6 <^i\o9 oloi Te iyevo/jbeOa e^evpelv. 
 
COMMENTARY. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 G., Goodwin's Greek Grammar. 
 
 G M T., Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses. 
 
 H., Hadley-Allen's Greek Grammar. 
 
 M., Meisterhans, Grammatik der Attischen Inschriften. 
 
 R., Riddell's Digest of Platonic Idioms. 
 
 Schm., Schmelzer's annotated edition of the dialogues. 
 
 The opening lines closely resemble the beginning of the Lysis or the 
 Republic, and have been imitated in several non-Platonic dialogues. Though 
 the sentences are so simple and natural, they were doubtless elaborated with 
 great care. The story goes that after Plato's death a tablet was found, con- 
 taining the first few lines of the Republic written and re-written, each time 
 in a different order, showing that the author subjected his work to a constant 
 revision. 
 
 P. 1. I. €K and diro are often synonymous. So in inscriptions we find 
 CK and also aTro tov "KOo) (Meisth. 173). 
 
 Potidaea, a Corinthian colony situated on the western arm of the Chalcid- 
 ian peninsula, revolted from the Delian Confederacy in 432 B.C. An Athe- 
 nian army of 3000 hoplites, sent to reduce the city to submission, met a 
 large force of Corinthians and Chalcidians before Potidaea, and, after a brief 
 engagement, was victorious. The defeated army was driven within the walls, 
 the city was blockaded by the Athenians on land and sea, and since the 
 entire army was not needed for the siege, some of the soldiers, among whom 
 was Socrates, returned home. Our dialogue is accordingly supposed to 
 take place in the year before the beginning of the Peloponnesian war, when 
 Socrates was about 37 years of age. Grote, VI. 67-75, Thuc. I. 62-4. 
 
 2. 8ia xpoi^o^j " ^fter a long absence." 
 
 olov (''as "), like ola and are (cf. 1. 8, 19. 16, 21. 23, 73. 32), gives a reason 
 on the writer's authority, w? is non-committal, and puts the responsibility 
 elsewhere. H. 977-8, G. 1574-5- 
 
 3. (Tvvrj6u<; ScarpL/Sas, "my usual occupation " (conversation). 
 
 The palaestra was a stretch of trodden earth, where the young men 
 wrestled (TraXaUiv) and exercised in the open air, and was surrounded by 
 
 77 
 
78 XAPMIAHS. [P. I 
 
 colonnades. The opportunity for meeting the youthful athletes in the 
 moments of rest or idleness made it a favorite resort for Socrates and other 
 teachers. Cf. 29. 8. 
 
 The sacred enclosure of Basile, which she shared with Codrus and Neleus 
 (v. App.), was situated near the Itonian gate. This goddess has been iden- 
 tified by Wieseler with Athena and by Loeschke with Magna Mater (cf. Har- 
 rison, Myth, and Mon. 51, 229), but the recent theory advanced by E. Meyer 
 (Herm. XXX. 287) seems the most satisfactory. He believes that Neleus 
 (" pitiless ") and Basile (" queen ") were the earliest Athenian gods of the 
 dead, and cites a relief (found 1893) which represents the Attic hero Eche- 
 los carrying away Basile in his chariot, an evident parallel to the rape of 
 Persephone. 
 
 14. TToXXovs . . . reOvdvaL. The actual loss was 150 men (Thuc. I. 63). 
 The -t appended to ovraxi indicated that a gesture accompanies the word 
 
 (so 72. 17, cf. 11. 14, 26. 3, 27. 1 1, tovtl 10. 25), and is necessarily colloquial 
 and familiar. 
 
 15. CTTictKw? aXyjOrj, a colloquial expression, "fairly correct"; nearly 
 equivalent to tKavto? (53. 25). 
 
 16. Trapeycvov fxev; /xcV expects an [affirmative answer. 
 7rap(.yev6fjLY)v. The repetition in the answer of a word contained in the 
 
 question is the most frequent form of reply in the Charm. (22 cases), and 
 is used here more (proportionately) than in any other dialogue. Trdvv ye 
 and vat are also very common. 
 
 Aevpo, a familiar ellipsis, like our ^' Here ! " for " Come here ! " 
 
 18. aywv. dyaywv would be more logical, but the present participle, like 
 the present imperative, of dyoi is more common than the aorist, perhaps 
 owing to the continuity inherent in the meaning of the verb. Cf. Od. i. 30. 
 
 21. dvipoLTo. The so-called "iterative optative," really a past general 
 supposition, which gains generic force from the repetition implied in the 
 leading verb (Snjyovfirjv) . There is no iteration in the optative itself. H. 
 894, G. 1393. 2, G M T. 462, R. 77- Cf. 12. 31. 
 
 rfp(OT<ji)v aAAos aAXos. Cf. 1. 7, -^a-Trd^ovro aXAos dXXoOev, Sym. 220 C. 
 Oavfid^ovTC^ aXXos aXAo) cAeycv. 
 
 2. I. TTcpt T€ Twv v€(i)v. This the only place in the Charm, where single 
 re is used, and it is very rare in the earlier dialogues, but it becomes frequent 
 in the later works ; the Timaeus, in particular, has as many as two hundred. 
 Ttt vvv for vvv is also characteristic of the later period (v. Introd. p. x). 
 
 2-8. Note the detailed color, the broad and leisurely tone given by the 
 accumulation of participles in this section ; there are five in a bunch at the 
 beginning (v. A. J. P. IX. 137 ff.). 
 
p. 2] COMMENTARY. 79 
 
 II. vov is expressed here for the sake of contrast with dviipiov (cf Prot. 
 310 A, Euthyd. 275 A), otherwise it would be omitted. 
 
 13. Charmides'is called /xeLpaKLov here, veavtcrKos in 1. 27, i/eanas in 3. 9, 
 and avrjp in 2. 32. The first is the most exact designation, about 14 years 
 old, between Trats and vcos ; the second implies no definite age ; the third 
 connotes vigor and youthful strength ; and the last is a general term appli- 
 cable to any male person. A similar interchange of these synonyms is seen 
 in Ant. 3 8. 6-8, Hdt. III. 53, Prot. 309 A. 
 
 16. 'E/xot — ov^kv (TTaOfirjToVf "you must not judge by me." 
 
 17. XevKY) (TTdOfir} tlfXL. Like many other proverbs, XevKrj a-rddixr) is ellip- 
 tical, and the full form, as given by Sophocles (in a fragment), is AevKoJ XlO(o 
 XevKT] aTdOfXT). Socrates means that fair youths are all so attractive to him that 
 an individual makes no more impression on him than " a chalk line on mar- 
 ble." Socrates was very fond of proverbs (cf. [13. 27], 16. 5, 22. 20, [32. 12], 
 37. 3, 5, 49. 8, 12, 50. 12, 54. 18, 57. 18, 59. 20, 66. 23, 69. 6, 71. 12), and 
 quotes more than a hundred during his participation in the Platonic dia- 
 logues ; their use is in keeping with his familiar style (v. Introd. p. xv). 
 
 drcxvois is often used in comparisons and with proverbs (cf. 37. 5), less 
 commonly with metaphors (Euthyd. 303 E), just as o>s dXrjOws and tw ovtl 
 (38. 27, 49. 12). drexvio's is especially frequent in Ar. and PI., but rare 
 elsewhere; this shows that its sphere is colloquial. 
 
 18. drap always stands the first word in the sentence, and presents a 
 sudden contrast. It is poetic and at the same time familiar. 
 
 19. TO fji€ye0os Kol to koXXos- Cf. 6. 13 /caAAtW kol fxet^wv. A command- 
 ing figure was prized as highly as a fair face in the estimation of manly beauty. 
 
 21. ^vUa is more exact than ore, to which it bears the same relation as 
 Ktttpos to xpwos ; "at the moment that he entered." Cf. Pind. P. i. 48. 
 
 23. TO fikv rifxiTcpov, "our (admiration)." 
 
 26. oianrep dyaXfJxx.. So Aristaenetus calls Lais €fx\j/vxo<; t^s *A^po8tTiys 
 €Ik(i)v (I. i), and we often say, "as pretty as a picture." 
 
 29. diroSvvai, " take off his clothes," to exercise in the palaestra. 
 
 d iOeXoL, B6$eL. The eager expectation of Charmides causes a change 
 from the optative conclusion to the certain indicative future. It is the 
 reverse in 5. 2-4. 
 
 31. 'HpaKXeis, cf. 60. 33, also vr] Ata 1. 1 1,9. 32, 46. 16 ; fid (tov) Ata 41. 10, 
 44. 3, 47. 5, 55. 18, 60. 32, 69. 4 ; vrj tov Kvva 22. 1 1 (v. Note) ; vr] tov^ Oeov<s 
 49. 24; Trpo? Ato's 61. 31, 67. 12, 73. 28. Socrates swears more freely than 
 any other Platonic interlocutor, and is very fond of interjections (cf fSajSai 
 71. II, his favorite). We see from Ar. that vr] Ata was common in low life, 
 and Demosthenes uses it four times as often as all the other orators together 
 
8o XAPMIAHS. [P. 2 
 
 (Rehd.-Bl. Ind.). These two great men swore so freely that they exhausted 
 the supply of oaths commonly used, and had to borrow from the women. 
 So " by Athena " was a favorite oath of Demosthenes, and " by Hera " of 
 Socrates (cf. 29. 32) . 
 
 32. TvyxdvcL irpoarov, "'is perhaps added." 
 
 3. 3. TL ovK (XTreSvcra/xcv avTov avro tovto ; The aorist regularly follows 
 TL ov, since the surprise that the deed has not been done is equivalent to a 
 demand that it be done at once (Kriiger). Cf. 1. 8, and often. The present 
 is sometimes found, as Prot. 310 E, though the aorist was used 310 A. Tr. 
 '* Why not investigate (///. lay bare) this very point ? " The thought and 
 language appear again in I Ale. 132 A. — tovto, like ravra in the line above, 
 refers to ttjv ^vxyv ; v. Note 34. 24. 
 
 TrpoTcpov Tov €t8ov9, " bcfore the body." 
 
 4. TravTco? means "surely"; so 63. 15, and always in answers, whereas 
 it usually means "at any rate" (cf. 9. 31). 
 
 7. TOVTO TO KaXov, i.e. poetic skill. 
 
 8. Tr)% SoAwvos (rvyyevetas, v. Note 6. 8. 
 
 10. ovSc aiaxpov av rjv ktX. The Athenian boys were always attended by 
 a TratSaywyos, a faithful slave who took them to and from the school and 
 gymnasium. They were taught to be modest and retiring, and the peculiar 
 conditions of Athenian society made a chaperon as necessary to them as to 
 the girls. The classic description of a guarded education is given in Ar. Nub. 
 961-83 (cf. Luc. Amor. 44), and Autolycus in Xenophon's Symposium is 
 an example of a model boy. 
 
 12. Ilat, but (0 ^w/cpares. Contrast 10 Trat 62. 29. The omission of w is 
 as unusual in Greek as is the insertion of O in Latin. It gives a more earnest 
 or rougher tone, and is appropriate to commands, reproaches, or eager requests 
 (cf 50. 29 NiKca, Sym. 172 A, etc.). 
 
 14. a(rOev€Las ijs- This attraction of the relative to the case of its ante- 
 cedent is post-Homeric,^ but common in Hdt. and all Attic authors except 
 Euripides. Cf. 70. i, R. 189 a, H. 994, G. 1031. 
 
 1 5 . ftapvveaOaL ttjv KCffxtXi^v, " to have a headache." 
 
 18. fiovov iXOeTO), cf Phaedo 63 E dAAa fxovov to iavTOv Trapacr/ccva^CTO), 
 Menex. 236 C d\Xa /xovov eliri. 
 
 oTrep ow Koi eyeVero. Cf. Euth'o 4 D oTrep ow Kat €7raOev and Euthyd. 
 283 A OTrep ovv kol avve^r}, all formulae of transition. 
 
 22. TOV /x€i/ — KaT€j8aXo/xev, " we made one man stand up, and we pushed 
 the other man off the end of the bench." Their excitement was so great that 
 
 1 The case cited from Homer by Riddell is a partitive genitive, and not attraction at all. 
 
p. 4] COMMENTARY. 8 1 
 
 they made room for two people instead of one. The whole tone of this passage 
 is playful and ironical, and must not be taken too seriously. The sportive 
 metaphors avrjytro ("set sail'') and nepuppeov ("a regular flood"), the mock 
 solemnity of the poetic quotation, and the exaggerated phrases ovk€tl iv 
 ifmvTov (" all out-of-doors ") and viro tov Ope/jLfxaTos iaXiOKevai, all show that 
 Socrates is giving free rein to his humorous fancy. His confusion is no 
 more real than his perplexity a little later (18. 20), or the dizziness (69. 5) 
 which he pretends that Protagoras' eloquence produced (Prot. 328 D). 
 Moreover, the style of his conversation is patronizing and paternal, not at 
 all in the manner of a lover (cf. 26. 9). However, most scholars agree that 
 " a sensual element was the innocent foundation of his intellectual inclina- 
 tion" (Zeller), and his features are those of a man naturally gross (v. Introd. 
 p. xiv). Alcibiades, though he mentions Charmides as one of the favorites 
 of Socrates (Sym. 222 B), bears emphatic testimony to the absolute purity 
 of the philosopher's life (id. 219 C). Furthermore, Xenophon, whose pur- 
 pose was to defend Socrates from all calumny, reports language as erotic as 
 any in our dialogue (Sym. 4. 28), and he also tells how his master reproved 
 the failings of others (Mem. I. 2. 29, 3. 8), as he could not have done unless 
 his own life was blameless. 
 
 27. d/i.>7xctvov Ti olov, "I can't tell you how." dfxrjxcLvov rt is more usually 
 joined with ocrov or ws (Rep. 527 E), like Oavfrna-rov oaov (33. 18), and is 
 so used often by Plato, to whom this colloquial phrase is peculiar. 
 
 29. w yewdSa. Similar forms of address are <o yei/vaios (Phaedr. 227 C), 
 yewaLorare (ib. 235 D), pxtKapu (5. 12, 15. 22, 50. 20), dyaOe, /ScArto-re (11. 
 II, 48. 12), and dpiare (40. 30, 50. 25, 61. 22), (fjtXorrjs, ^tXe and ^tA.r/ 
 Kef^aXrj (Ion 531 D), Oav/xdcne, 8ai/xovi€ (52. 31). Contrast w jxtapi 9. 27 
 (v. Note). Each has its peculiar force, according to the context (v. Campb. 
 Theaet. p. 283). 
 
 31. KvSiav. This is the only fragment of a poet of whom nothing is 
 known, and some words have probably been lost from the quotation. As it 
 stands, the sense seems to be, " Take care lest the fawn come in sight of the 
 lion and be devoured." The fawn is the lover, and the lion is the beloved 
 who awakens the devouring passion (cf. Hor. Od. HI. 20). There was a 
 proverb, fxrj Trpo? Xiovra Sop/cas dxpoypxni pnxX'r}'*' 
 
 4. 4. Though Demosthenes mentions incantations contemptuously (25. 
 80), their use was not confined to the lower classes (Aesch. Eum. 618). 
 They consisted in the repetition of the names of gods, or of mystic, unintel- 
 ligible words, like our " counting-out '' rhymes, and were used more especially 
 to drive away snakes or bugs, to win love (Theoc. 2), or to aid childbirth 
 (Theaet. 149 C), though they were a recognized remedy in popular medical 
 
82 XAPMIAHS. [P. 4 
 
 practice (cf. Rep. 426 B, Euthyd. 290 A). The cf>vXXov here mentioned may 
 have been a sort of amulet; such was the moly used by Odysseus, such was 
 the laurel leaf put in the mouth on leaving a house, so to-day people carry 
 horse-chestnuts to avert rheumatism. 
 
 ID. Tovvofid jxov (TV (xKpt/Jois; "Are you sure about my name?" Et /x^ 
 ahiKiji ye, " If I am not mistaken." 
 
 II. ov — (Tov oAtyos Xoyos eo-xiV. Trepiaov might be expected, but we find 
 the same use in dv o Xoyos iariv, Apol. 26 B, etc. So the Greek could 
 say Acyeiv tlvo, instead of Trept tivo?. Cf. Note 23. 13. 
 
 Trept Trj<i eTrwS^s ota Tvyxdvec ovcra. The subject of the relative clause is 
 anticipated. This prolepsis is especially common in Plato ; cf. 9. 19, 13. 3- 
 4, 18. 18, 20. 10, 57. 31. It is most frequently used with verbs of knowing 
 and fearing, and a person is generally the object of the verb. 
 
 16. [xr] SvvaaOaL rrjv K€<fiaXr]v /xovov — oAA'. There is no conclusion to 
 this premise, for the construction changes at <^cnrep and an independent 
 sentence begins. Again, Aeyovcrt (dat. plu. of ppl.) does not agree with 
 larpoiv, as grammatical consistency requires, but with the intervening avrols- 
 This looseness and irregularity of structure is characteristic of Socrates' 
 manner of speaking (v. Introd. p. xv.). 
 
 25. Stallbaum explains ravra as the object of Xeyovcn and also the sub- 
 ject of ^x^i, but it is simpler to take ravra with Xeyova-i alone and ouVcos 
 with €X^L, i.e. ravra Xkyov<n kox ovtms ex^i. 
 
 30. Kol ciTTov. In the earlier dialogues eiirov precedes the sentence 
 quoted, €<j>r)v and rjv S' iyio are interposed. 
 
 31. TO TavT-q^ TTj^ cVwS^s. TO ("this matter of") gives a strong demon- 
 strative force, and, since pointing is vulgar, it is. decidedly familiar in tone. 
 
 32. Zalmoxis. The Greeks had a legend that Zalmoxis was a Thracian 
 slave of Pythagoras, who, obtaining his freedom, returned to his native 
 country, where he taught the doctrine of immortality. To prove his thesis, 
 he hid himself in a subterranean chamber for three years, and made his 
 friends believe, when he returned, that he had been living in the other 
 world (Hdt. IV. 94-6). The story was evidently invented for purposes 
 of ridicule. Incantations are often derived from Thrace and ascribed to 
 Musaeus or Orpheus (Eur. Ale. 968), while Thessaly was famous for its 
 magic (Gorg. 513 A). The same association of mystery with distant lands 
 leads Theocritus to make Assyria (II. 162) responsible for his love-charm, 
 and Lucian (Nekyo. 6) to refer his sorcery to Zoroaster. 
 
 33. (XTra^avari^ctv, " make men immortal," with the underlying meaning, 
 " teach that men are immortal." This was the region where the Orphic rites 
 originated. 
 
p. 5] COMMENTARY. 83 
 
 33-34. \4yovraL — tXcyev — eXeyov — Xiyoiev — Acyet. The Greeks in gen- 
 eral, and Plato in particular, had no objection to the frequent repetition of a 
 word, although extreme cases, like the above, give a certain naivete and imi- 
 tate the freedom of living conversation. Cf. 16. 30-31 ^ouAerat, 29. 32 f. 
 opBoh, 30. 7-9 iTraii/os, 32. 34 f vav^, 39. 15-16 ISwKa?, 48. 25-7, 30-1 Xiyuv 
 (v. Note). In 71. 34 the disagreeable accumulation of <^tAov <^lXov ktX. is 
 essential to philosophic accuracy. Almost identical phrases recur often (v. 
 Note 33. 22) in the same way. Isocrates was the first to attach importance 
 to variety of phraseology, and English style has learned through Cicero to 
 follow his example. 
 
 5. 2-4. ov Set, then etrj. The change from the indicative to the optative 
 may mark a transition from fact to inference, and may also be due to the need 
 of emphasizing the dependence of the verb, as it is further removed from the 
 principal clause. Cf Note 2. 29, R. 282. For the indicative Sei cf. el //.cAAet 
 in 1. 10. Artistic authors are more likely to keep the indicative in or at. obl.^ 
 so it is more common in Thucydides than in Xenophon. 
 
 4. Tov 8ui(j>tvyeiv. Plato, Euripides, and Xenophon use the genitive of 
 the articular infinitive with great freedom, but the dative is unusual. In 
 Plato the present is much the most common tense (A. J. P. III. 193). 
 
 6. av 6XOVT09. The genitive absolute (cf. 21. 12-13) is rarely found in 
 Plato and the poets ; it belongs to the narrative, and is frequently and skil- 
 fully used by the great orators. The construction with the relative pronoun 
 is very unusual (cf 1. 14, I Ale. 127 B) ; only fifteen cases are found in all 
 the orators (A. J. P. VI. 310). 
 
 7. TTavra e/c t^s '/'I'X^s ktX. Cf. Rep. 403 D. 
 
 10-14. Notice how each clause in this section begins with the emphatic 
 word of the preceding clause (Schm.). This is the same chain-figure that 
 is so impressive in the first chapter of John's gospel. 
 
 17. OTTO)? — ixr)ScL<: ae TruacL, "Don't let anyone persuade you." This 
 elliptical or independent use of ottco? is familiar in tone, but as forcible as 
 the imperative. In fact, it is an exact equivalent, as may clearly be seen 
 from Ar. Ran. 377 ifx^a x^ttw? (kol ottcos) apcts. It is mostly confined to 
 Plato and Aristophanes (A. J. P. IV. 4), H. 886, G. 1352, GMT. 271-4. For 
 the mood, v. App. 
 
 21. cKttTcpov depends on larpoi, v. App. 
 
 22. TrXovcTLov ovTu). Thls adverb is found after the modified adjective in 
 Phaedr. 256 E, Rep. 500 A ; so Trdvv and A.tav often, sometimes iroXv. 
 
 23-24. cyoj ovv — ireLaofULL ovv. ow is often repeated after a parenthesis, 
 just as av may appear twice (v. Note 34. i) or even thrice (Apol. 31 A) in 
 the course of a long sentence. R. 266. 
 
84 XAPMIAHS. [p. 5 
 
 26. kiracrai, " to be treated." 
 
 30-31. hiavoLa and o-w/m are often thus contrasted (Rep. 371 E, 395 D, 
 Prot. 326 B, etc.). A still more common antithesis is that of Xoyos and 
 Ipyov, which Thucydides in particular presents with wearisome persistency 
 (cf. Rep. 396 A). 
 
 33. TQ iSia, "human form" (cf. 25. 13), like €1805 in 2. 30. 
 
 34. ov T7]v C7ra)8>^v. The construction follows the analogy of cfydpfJuaKov, 
 which often signifies a means of obtaining^ rather than a remedy for ; so 
 fxvi^fjLr)<> T€ Koi (TO(f>La<i <f>dpiJuiKov evpWrj (Phaedr. 274 E). 
 
 6. 2. CIS ocrov yjXLKtaq rJKU, "considering his age." 
 
 4. Traa-Lv, dative of manner (respect). H. 780, G. 11 82. 
 
 5. ov yap oTfjuiL dWov ovSeVa ktX. Two ideas are blended in this sen- 
 tence, " No one can show a lineage better than his," and " No one else can 
 boast of such a lineage." yevvrja-eLav from yevvdoi, causal of ytyi/o/xai. 
 "What two families in alliance would be likely to produce a nobler and 
 better (son)?" 
 
 8. 17 re yap narpwa vfiiv oiKia. This was Eupatrid on both sides ; v. In- 
 trod. p. vii. In the following scheme it is not certain whether Solon is the 
 brother or only the cousin of Dropides. 
 
 J 
 
 
 Dropides 
 
 Critias 
 1 
 
 Solon (?) 
 
 
 
 Callaeschrus 
 
 1 
 
 Char 
 
 Glaucon + A 
 1 
 
 Ariston 
 
 1 
 Pyrilampes 
 
 Critias 
 (the Tyrant) 
 
 1 1 
 mides Perictione + 
 
 1 
 
 Demus Antiphon 
 
 
 Plato Glaucon 
 
 Adimantus 
 
 
 vfuv is the dative of reference concentrated so as to include the idea of 
 possession. R. 28. 
 
 9. Anacreon was the court poet of Hipparchus, son of Pisistratus, for 
 some eight years (522-514 B.C.), and during his stay in Athens made many 
 friends among the noble families. He is especially famous for his songs of 
 wine and love. — Solon was as great a poet as he was a legislator ; by his 
 elegies he stirred his countrymen to warlike action and gave them wise coun- 
 sel. It was in his youth that he wrote love songs and celebrated the praises 
 of his friends. His poems were so highly esteemed that they were sung at 
 
F. 7] . COMMENTARY. 85 
 
 the national festivals and often quoted by the orators. Plato cites him 
 38. 10, 39. 6, 65. 9. 
 
 12. Pyrilampes may be the same as the friend of Pericles (Plut. Per. 13), 
 who was famous for his peacocks. He had two sons, Demus, who was very 
 beautiful (Ar. Vesp. 98, Gorg. 481 D), and Antiphon, who is one of the 
 speakers in the Parmenides. Nothing is known about his embassies, but 
 Demus received a gold cup and sixteen minas from the King (Lys. 19. 25), 
 and this may point to a hereditary friendship in the family. 
 
 18. ouSeVa — VTTofieftrjKivaL, "inferior in no way to any of your predeces- 
 sors " ; V. App. 
 
 20. iKavws 7ri<f>vKa<:, " you are well enough equipped." 
 
 fjuiKapLov (re — y MTrjp €TLKTev. This is imitated from such Homeric pas- 
 sages as Od. 3. 95, and may have become proverbial. Cf. Note 9. 16. 
 
 24. Abaris belongs to the same company as Zalmoxis, Orpheus, and the 
 other fabulous magicians. He is said to have subsisted without food, and 
 bearing an arrow, the token of Apollo's favor, to have come to Athens and 
 saved all Greece from pestilence by certain sacrifices. 
 
 28. 'Av€pv9pLa.(ras. Cf. 56. 2, 66. 5, Prot. 312 A, Euthyd. 275 D; v. In- 
 trod. p. xvi. 
 
 30. TO ai(rxvvTrjX6v, v. Note 9. 9. 
 
 ovK dyevvw?, v. Note 13. 33. 
 
 32. i$dpv<a agrees with avrw understood, and this depends on paStov. 
 
 33. avTov Ka& kavrov Xiyav. Avros is often used with the reflexive when 
 the action is unnatural or difficult. Cf. 17. 26 avrr] avrrjq aKovcreTai ; G. 997. 
 13. 12-13, however (dyvoovvra avrov cavTov), may be merely emphatic (so 
 18. 33, 31. 18, 38. 28) and 16. 3 for contrast with tovs aAAovs. 
 
 7. 3. ctTTOv oTt — (fjatvei, v. Note 14. 17. 
 
 5. (TKeTTTiov and Troiryreov are the two most common forms of the verbal 
 in -T€os, which is frequent in Euripides, Aristophanes, Plato, and Xenophon, 
 and is familiar in tone. 
 
 7. €1 ow crot ^lXov. Formula for beginning a discussion ; cf. d ovv fiyj tl 
 8ia(f>ipeL (37. 19) or kwXvcl (Prot. 310 A), and ct tl ftovXea-Qe (ib. 317 C). 
 Cf. Note 22. 31. 
 
 TovTov ye Ive/ca, " so far as this is concerned." oJto? usually refers to 
 the second person ; here tovtov means " your scruple." o8e is the regular 
 demonstrative of the first person ; cf. Note 29. 21, also Soph. El. 387. 
 
 16. ovKovv TOVTOV yc — avTo ktX. avTo is not pleonastic, but repeats the 
 demonstrative tovto, in the same way that avrd? replaces a noun after some 
 words have intervened. R. 223. Cf. also Thuc. IV. 93, Xen. Cyr. I. 3. 15 
 Tretpacro/xat raJ TraTTTro) dyaddv linrGwv KpaTLo-Tos wv 'nnrivs avfxfjuixeiv avrw. 
 
86 XAPMIAHS. [P. 7 
 
 26. et Ti Aeyoutriv, " if they are right." Cf. Note 31. 34. 
 
 27. irdvv ye, v. Note 1. 16. 
 
 28. iv ypafx/MXTLorTov, v. App. 3. 30 iv i/juavTov. Cf. Note 54. 23. Tr. 
 cV, " with." 
 
 TO. ofjioia ypafifiaTa, i.e. letters like the copy. 
 
 27-34. This section contains an epitome of ordinary Greek education : 
 I. ypdfJifJiaTa, consisting of writing and reading from the epic and gno- 
 mic poets. 2. Playing upon the lyre. 3. Gymnastic exercises, as here 
 enumerated. 
 
 32. TrayKpaTLa^eiv. The pancration was a combination of wrestling and 
 boxing, a sort of "free fight," which lasted till one party was exhausted or 
 admitted defeat. In the pancration the hands were bare, but in boxing 
 (TtvKTtvav) they were covered with strips of leather studded with nails. 
 
 34. 6^€o>s Kol raxv. Ta;(vs is swift, o^vs is quick, implying bold, decisive 
 action. Plato uses pairs of synonyms, not for stylistic effect, like Isocrates, 
 but to give greater clearness of definition. Cf. 29. 23 eraipio re koI <f>t\w, 
 56. 5 (f)avXo<i Kol dxp'f)(TTo<s, 68. 10 dyavrav kol <f)i\e2v (v. Note). 
 
 8, 10. koXXlov kol cr(f>68pa fxaWov rj. Here /xoAAov is not superfluous, 
 but adds force to the comparison. The addition is natural when other words 
 intervene, as here. Cf. Phaedo 79 E, o/xoLOTepov 1(tti if/vxij rto det dtvavnos 
 eXovTL ixaWov rj T(o fxyj, Xen. Sym. i. 4, but in Gorg. 487 A, aiaxvvrrjpo- 
 Tepu) (xaWov tov Siovro^, there is no such excuse. The pleonasm is as 
 old as Homer, and common in Shakespeare and other early English writers. 
 R. 166. 
 
 19. TovTo Spiov. The verb is often repeated by the substitution of Spdw. 
 Cf. 10. 8, 21. 26, etc. TTOieo) (Ar. Plut. 524, etc.) and irpaTTio (Aesch. i. 25) 
 are less common. R. 55. 
 
 25 . iK TovTov TOV Xoyov (" according to this argument "). Cf. 4. 23, Gorg. 
 516 D, I Ale. 116 C. Similar formulae for drawing a conclusion are ck twv 
 (oixo\oyr]ix4v(i)v 13. 9, Gorg. 477 C (the most common form), €k twv (yrpo) 
 eiprjfxeviDV Phaedo 94 A, etc., and ck twv cfxirpocrOev I Ale. 1 18 A, etc. 
 
 26. TO. Irepa, " one or the other." 
 
 28. et 8* ovv on /xdAto-ra — ovcrat. "Or supposing that {d — /xoAto-ra) 
 of the nobler actions {koXXlovs ova-at) there are as many (fxrjSkv iXdrrovs) 
 quite as quick and vehement" (Jow.). ovcrat has to do double duty, being 
 complementary to rvyxdvovaLv with iXdrrovs and descriptive with KaXXiov<i ; 
 V. App. 
 
 31. p,aXX6v TL — ■^(Tvxi'OTrjs riq. Cf. Trpdrreiv n, 10. 10. The indefinite 
 Tis, like Lat. quidatn, gently qualifies the statement, and is thus used very 
 often in Plato ; so 1. 34 tojv KoXZiv tl, 13. 33, 33. 21 (v. Note). 
 
p. 9] COMMENTARY. 8/ 
 
 3 1-34. Though the definition is here rejected as insufficient, the Koa-fxioL 
 (cf. KO(TfiLU}q,'7. 22) are mentioned with the a-it)<f>poveq in the Gorgias (506 E) 
 and aiSws is coupled with Sixr/ in the Protagoras (322 C D). 
 
 9. 4. CIS aeavTov aTro/SXixj/a^. Introspection is an unusual element in 
 Platonic dialectic, although Socrates taught self-knowledge (v. Note 13. 14), 
 to which introspection is the chief means. 
 
 TrdvTa (TvAAoytcra/xevos, so Gorg. 476 B Siao-KCi/'a/xevos uire. 
 6. ciTTt ev Kol avSpeiux;, so Gorg. 521 A €v kol yewaiox;. 
 
 10. aiStos is modesty, which regards other people, while axcryyvt] is shamey 
 which considers one's self. The difference appears best in Eur. Hec. 968. 
 Aristotle (Eth. Nic. 4. 9) shows that atSws is a virtue, alcrxvvy] a vice ; yet 
 they are often synonymous, as here. 
 
 15. Kokoiq Xiyciv. The infinitive is not governed directly by Trto-revcts, 
 but is added to make the meaning clearer ; this is called the epexegetic 
 infinitive, and is common. Cf. ciStVat 51. 25. 
 
 'Ofxiqpto TTtcTTCvcis ,* So Socratcs asks 'Ofii^pov kTraivir-q^; ct, Prot. 309 A. 
 The quotation here is from Od. 17. 347; cf. 22. 20, 41. 25, 54. 24, 66. 20. 
 The Homeric poems were an important part of every boy's education (v. 
 Note 7. 27-34), so that Homer became as familiar to the Greek as our Bible 
 is to us. Indeed, this constant influence on the style and thought of Greek 
 writers is as powerful as that of King James' Version on English literature. 
 So Plato, though he banishes Homer from his ideal state, is constrained to 
 quote from the great epic most frequently, — in fact, more than a hundred 
 times, — and shows great accuracy and appreciation of the meaning. Hesiod 
 held somewhat the same position, so that Lysis recognizes readily the quo- 
 tation selected by Socrates (66. 22 ; cf. 11. 30). 
 
 16. K€xpT7/x€va), " needy." 
 
 26. TO TO. kavTov TrpaTTCLv was an old and popular maxim, as appears from 
 Tim. 72 A and from Rep. 433 A, where it is proposed as a definition of jus- 
 tice, but its am.biguity is a serious defect. It may mean, "Mind your own 
 business," or " Remain in private life," or " Do your duty " (v. Introd. p. xvi). 
 
 27. (J fjLiapi. Cf. 23. 29. Contrast 3. 29 (Note). This playful abuse 
 appears again in Phaedr. 236 E, Theag. 124 E,*^nd is parallel to v^piarr]^ 
 or Travovpyos et in Sym. 175 E. Meno 80 B, etc. 
 
 30. rj 8' o<; 6 XapfXL8r}<;. os is the article with its original demonstrative 
 force, kept also in the phrase koI os- Cf. kol tov 62. 3. ^ 8' os has become 
 so absolutely a phrase that it is practically equivalent to t<f>-q and takes Xap- 
 /X1877S as a fresh subject. So ^ 8' o? av avrjp Ar. Lys. 514. In later times 
 its meaning was so completely obscured that grammarians gloss it by c^a- 
 aavj or even <J <^tA.e. In Plato it never stands first. 
 
8S XAPMIAHS. [P. 9 
 
 32. The Socratic elenchus is no respecter of persons, but seeks only the 
 truth; cf. Prot. 348 C, Phil. 14 B, Phaedr. 275 C, also 15. 14-24. 
 
 34. oTL 8r} Ti ye; "Because what?" sc. ytyvcrai. The shift of attitude 
 is due to a sort of self-interruption. Cf. Rep. 343 A, 449 B. 
 
 10. 6. vfias 8t8ao-K€ij/, z.e. to write your own names, too. 
 
 8. ■jroXvTrpayfiovcLV is the recognized opposite of to eavrov irpaTTeLv, cf. 
 Rep. 433 A-D. 
 
 13. irpaTTUv hriTTOV tl^ i.e. Trpa/rruv tl Brj-rrov. 
 
 16. Xt^kvOov Koi o-r AeyytSas. These hung from the girdle of every well- 
 dressed Athenian youth, especially when visiting the palaestra, so that the 
 illustration includes the entire visible costume. Cf. II Hipp. 368 B C a cixes 
 irepl TO (T^tifUL — 8aKTv\iov — koL crrXcyytSa kol Xt^kvOov. Hippias, at any rate, 
 fulfilled the conditions of our dialogue, for he had himself made everything 
 that he wore. 
 
 18. ipyd^eadai T€ kol Trparrctv. Cf. Note 11. 29. 
 
 22. 'Hivtrrero, "used symbolic language," lit. "riddles." 
 
 26. iravTo? iMaXXov, cf. 11. 2, 20. 25, 71. 2, and TrdvTwv fwXicrTa 7. 8 ; 
 tr. " surely." 
 
 31. /xrfSk Tov XeyovTa firjSev elSevai. In I Ale. Socrates tells Alcibiades 
 that he is in just this predicament (113 B, etc.), and the dialogue is devoted 
 to a proof of his statement. The Prot. and Gorg. show clearly that the great 
 sophists were equally ignorant, although it is not put in so many words. — 
 IJir)8€ — ciSeVat, "not even the speaker knew." 
 
 32. ek Tov KpiTiav dirifiXcTrev. Protagoras, too, casts a deprecatory side- 
 glance at Hippias (Prot. 318 E). 
 
 33. dywviwv. Cf. 63. 7. Protagoras (333 E) suffers in the same way 
 {T€Tpa)(yv6aL re fcat dycuviav kol 7rapaT€TdxOai rrpos to aTroKpLvecrOai), and 
 Nicias twists and turns in his confusion (48. 22 (rTpe<f>eTaL dvco koI Karw). — 
 <f>iXoTLixoi<: iX^^j "jealous." 
 
 11. 5. v7r€X€Lv Xoyov, " be responsible for." 
 
 6. v7r€Ktv€L avTov iKCLvov. The nominative of avros is always emphatic, 
 the oblique cases always may be. So here, "that very man." Cf. Note 
 6. 33. For v7r€KLV€L, cf. 75. 32 rim twv Trpca-fSvTepwv KLveiv. Tr. "bring 
 into the conversation." 
 
 7. 7roir)Tr]s- • Critias was, in fact, a dramatist himself; v. Introd. p. xv. 
 
 8. huiTLOevTL. The regular idiom for reciting poetry ; cf. Leg. 658 D 
 'Pai/'wSov KoXois *IXia8a — SiaTtOevTa. 
 
 14. o-vyxwp£t5, " admit." 
 
 18. a rip(oTO)v. We might expect o, but the plural is suggested by the 
 general conception of the subject and the separate examples cited, rather 
 
p. II] COMMENTARY. 89 
 
 than by the subject itself. Cf. Phaedo 62 D to-X av olrjO^irj ravra, </)evK- 
 reov ctmi. Indeed, the neuter plural is a sort of collective and not a real 
 plural, for it takes a singular verb. 
 
 21. ov — TTOiovvre^. The participle must be causal; for if it were condi- 
 tional, the negative would be /jltj. H. 1025, G. 1612, GMT. 832. 
 
 22. opa fXT] €K€tvov KO)Xv€i. fXT^ IS construed with the subjunctive when 
 fear is felt for the future, but with the indicative when the action is present 
 or past. H. 888, G. 1380, GMT. 369, R. 62. Cf. 48. 30, 69. i. o-kci/^w- 
 fxeOcL fit] — Aav^avci. We prefer an indirect question with such verbs, and 
 tr. 1X7} "whether." 
 
 25-27. (ofwXoyrfKa — wfjuoXoy-qcra. Cf. 22, 6-7. The aorist is a sort of 
 shorthand to the perfect; v. Gild, ad Pind. P. i. 73. 
 
 27. ov TovTov KoAets TO TToictv Ktti TO vpaTTeiv ; Demosthenes uses these 
 synonyms without any distinction in 19. 6 and 21. 41, and confounds epya- 
 ^eaOai with Spav in 23. 71, just as Socrates does with Troietv in 10. 17. Usu- 
 ally, however, the difference is that Trparrcti/ is " to be busy," " to achieve," 
 TToieiv " to create," " make." 
 
 29. tfmdov yap trap* 'HaioBov. The quotation is from the " Works and 
 Days," V. 309. Cf. 68. 3 ; v. Note 9. 14. Critias' use of this passage is 
 sophistic, for all that Hesiod meant by epyov was agriculture, and ovSiv 
 modifies oi/ciSos (v. Note 65.9). He said, "Agriculture is no disgrace." 
 Critias makes his words mean, " No work is disgraceful." Protagoras inter- 
 prets Simonides in much the same way (Prot. 339 AD); v. Note 41. 25. 
 It was this verse that Socrates' accusers claimed that he misinterpreted 
 somewhat in the way which Critias here ridicules (Xen. Mem. I. 2. 56). 
 
 32. cTKVTOTofJiovvTL — KaOrjfJieyto. All trades which caused the laborer to 
 remain seated, and lose the healthy exercise so highly valued, were consid- 
 ered degrading to both body and soul (v. Rep. 495 D), and were called by 
 the general term ^dvava-oi (" vulgar"). Sparta went so far as to forbid its 
 citizens to learn a trade ; while, on the other hand, the Phocians and Locri- 
 ans did not allow their slaves to enter business, and most of the laborers were 
 citizens. Athens lay midway between these extremes, and, though the trades 
 were at first generally despised and left to slaves and aliens, in the days of 
 national disaster many citizens were forced to join this company. Shoe- 
 makers were considered especially low and degraded, and are often men- 
 tioned with contempt even by Plato himself. Cf. Rep. 456 D, Theaet. 180 D. 
 
 TapLxoTTdyXovvTL. Smoked or salt fish were brought from the Black Sea, 
 especially the Sea of Azov, from Gades (mod. Cadiz), and from Egypt. 
 
 34. TToirja-iv Trpa^cws kol epya(Tias oAAo. The comparative meaning of 
 dkXos permits its construction with the genitive. Tr. "Doing is different 
 
90 XAPMIAHS. [P. II 
 
 from accomplishing and working." crepos is used in the same way ; cf. 14. 
 34, 20. 14. Instead of the simple genitive after a\\o<:, we sometimes find 
 irXrjv (Soph. 228 A), or Trapd c. ace. (27. 7, Gorg. 507 A), and, of course, 17 
 64. 34, H. 753 g.G. 1 154. 
 
 12. I. 7roir;/>ia and TTonyo-ts are both " doing." — 3. ra KttA.w? — TroLovfjLeva 
 tpya cKoAet, "things well done he called ^ works.'" In the next clause rots 
 Totavras 7rot7y(rets is simply a repetition of to. — Trotov/xeva, as ipyaa-ia^ re Kai 
 Trpd$eL<i repeats epya just preceding. So oi/ceta (5) is the same as ra avrov, 
 " one's own," and dAAorpia (6) is equivalent to rot twv dXXoiv. 
 
 7. Tov TO. avTov TT/oaTTovra, tovtov. The resumptive use of the demon- 
 strative appears again in 11. 16-17, t^v Ttov dyaOCjv irpd^Lv — ravriqv Aeyets. 
 Cf. 44. II. 
 
 12. Prodicus taught all branches of knowledge, but paid especial attention 
 to synonyms, and his superfine distinctions are parodied and ridiculed in 
 the Protagoras (337 A), where Critias appears in his company (336 D). 
 Cf. 50. 15. 
 
 13. Tt^eo-^at, " define." 
 
 14. ^TjXov jMovov e^' o Ti dv <{>ipr}S ktX. " Only tell me what you mean 
 by 'the name." Socrates often insists that a clear conception of the thing 
 itself shall underlie the name by which it is called. Cf. Note 10. 31, 
 Phaedr. 237 C, Gorg. 488 C D. 
 
 20. TO c/xot BoKovv, " what I think." 
 
 23. <Tacf)it><s crot Siopt^ofxai. The confidence and almost arrogant pride 
 of Critias is characteristic of his sophistic training. Cf. 13. 25, ws rd 
 ypdfXfJiaTd tjirjcnv koI eyw and Gorg. 450 C 6p0(ji>^ Xiyuiv, ws cyw <f>'qfxi. v. 
 Introd. p. xvi. So Gorgias (448 A) and Hippias (II. 363 D) profess to 
 answer any question. Protagoras (318 A, 328 B) is sure of success. 
 
 24. ouSev to-(os KwXvet — rohe. ye jxivTOL — Oav/xd^o). This is not a partial 
 assent, but a modest, ironic, but none the less positive, disagreement. Cf. 
 41. 13, I. Ale. 124 D'lo-w?, Atyo) /xeVrot, v. Note 39. 2. 
 
 25? 31- dyvocLV oTL (nxi<^povov(nv, ra Scovra irpdrru. These topics are 
 taken up by Xenophon in his Mem. IV. 6. 7-9, I. 2. 50, III. 9. 11, etc., and 
 Teichmliller (II. 70) thinks our passage is intended to ridicule Xenophon's 
 imperfect treatment. Cf. Note. 21. i ; v. Introd. p. xxviii. 
 
 31. ov IwTo. Optative in a complementary clause, instead of the more 
 usual subjunctive with dv. Cf. 59. 31, Gorg. 482 C (Gild.). 
 
 34. Tw larpo). This should properly be the accusative as the subject of 
 yiyvwo-Kciv, but the proximity of dvdyKr] changes it to the dative of reference. 
 Cf. 22. 27, R. 183. 
 
 13. I. orav jxiXXrf ovrjaeadat drro tov tpyov ov dv Trpdrrrj. The sub- 
 
p. 13J COMMENTARY. 9I 
 
 junctive TrpdrTrj is assimilated from the indicative (Trpdrrei) to the mood 
 of the general supposition. H. 919 a, G. 1439, GMT. 563. Cf. Note 
 20. 34, 22. 8. 
 
 9. €< Twv efXTrpoaOev w/AoAoyry/xcvwi/, viz. rrjv rdv dyaOiov Trpa^ti/ (r(i)cf>poav- 
 vqv ctvat 12. 23. 
 
 The longer and more elaborate sentences of Critias' speech (13. 8-14. 2) 
 show his rhetorical bent; v. Introd. p. xv. 
 
 II. dvadeifjiriv, " take back.". A metaphor from the game of -n-ea-aoL (cf. 
 Hipparch. 229 E wairep Trerrcvwi/ iOiXw dvaOia-Oat), which resembled checkers 
 in that the pieces were all alike, and chess in that the main object of the 
 game was to pen up the opponent's pieces. Socrates, too, was always will- 
 ing to give up anything that was proved to be wrong ; cf. Prot. 354 E and 
 Gorg. 461 D, where the same verb is used ; v. also Note 52. 28 fxeTaTiOeaOaL. 
 
 ovK av ala-xvvOeirjv Tore jxrj — cfidvai. jx-q is used with the infinitive to 
 renew the negative meaning inherent in alaxwOet-qv, after the analogy of 
 verbs of denying and hindering, tr. " not ashamed to admit" (^avai). ovx 
 belongs to 6p0u)s — dp-qKivat. H. 1029, G. 1615, G M T. 815. Cf. 17. 32. 
 
 14. yvoiOi creavTov was an old maxim, which was usually a great favorite 
 with Socrates, and indeed often identified by him with awcfipoavvrj. Cf. 
 Tim. 72 A, Xen. Mem. IV. 2. 24-30, etc. 
 
 17. Tu)v ei(Ti6vT(i)v, '" to the worshippers " (lit. " those who enter "). 
 
 18. Belv is probably another form of 8e'ov, the accusative absolute parti- 
 ciple. Cf. 20. II, H. 973, G. 1569. If it be taken as infinitive, we may 
 cf. Leg. 626 B, ws — ov^v 6(]3€Xo<s w, — yiyveddai, Rep. 383 A, where the 
 infinitive depends on the idea of thinking implied in to?. 
 
 22. Xcyct, then ^■qui'in addition. This is the superfluous "says he" of 
 English speech; cf. Xen. Oec. 4. 23, 17. 10. In the latter instance t<f>r) is 
 repeated a second time ; v. Note 49. 22, R. 266 e. 
 
 26. ira^erv, "felt." 
 
 27. These maxims were inscribed on a pillar in the vestibule of Apollo's 
 temple at Delphi. MrySci/ dyav expresses the true Greek spirit better than 
 any other phrase ; self-restraint in morals, good taste in art, temperance in 
 daily life, moderation in all things. 'Eyyi^, irdpa 8' dr-q (irdpa for Trapcori), 
 " Give a pledge and evil awaits thee," in other words, " Beware of rash 
 promises, be prudent." 
 
 33. (ra^€5 ov^v Trdvv, lit. " in no way very clear," a sort of litotes, by 
 which we negative the opposite of what we mean, in order to make our 
 meaning all the stronger. So 14. 14 ov a/xiKpdv, 4. 11 ov — aov oAiyos 
 \oyos for ttoAv? Aoyos, 6. 30 ovk dyewio<; for OappaXeojs, 46. 19 ov a-<f>6Spa, 
 55. 18 ov <f>av\o<S' So ov irdw rjOeXiv 7. 20, whereas (Prot. 338 E) Trdw 
 
92 XAPMIAHS. [P. 13 
 
 ovK TjOeXev ("he was very unwilling") expresses the same idea directly. 
 ov TTOLVv (42. 28) is used chiefly by Plato and Xenophon, and is equivalent 
 to our slang "not much." It is ironic and modest, and only rarely (as 
 56. 20-21) to be taken literally. R. 139, Cope, Gorg. App. 
 
 34. iXeyofxcv. Critias' conceit leads him to include Socrates in the judg- 
 ment of error which he passes upon himself. 
 
 TovTov croi 8i8ovat Xoyov, " give you a chance to speak about it." 
 
 14. I. avTov kavrov, v. Note 6. 33. 
 
 3. (TV fxkv (OS ({>d(TKovTo<s — 7rpo(T(fiip€L, "you address me as if I said." ws 
 6iJioXoy^(TovTo<i, " as if I would agree." 
 
 5-6. ^yjTU} — 8ia TO fJLYj avTos eiSeVat. Cf. 15. 18, 19. 7 del o/xoios, 23. 9, 
 24. 25, 56. 5, 63. 25. Socrates always professes ignorance; cf. Gorg. 
 453 A B, 455 B, 458 E, and constantly; v. Introd. p. xvi. 
 
 8. o-KOTret. kol yap CTKoirui. Cf. Farm. 144 D aOpa. oAA' dJdptii koX bpoi. 
 Soph. 268 A, Gorg. 448 B 'Epwra. epwrw hrj. 
 
 13. TL Tjplv xprjcrifx-q. XPW'-I^^'^ TIRO'S n is more usual, but cf. 73. 13, 
 Rep. 382 C. CIS and cTrt are also found. 
 
 15. ct dirohix'^L TovTo. So Theaet. 207 C, etc. Similarly ei p.ov frnvOdvcis 
 Rep. 394 C. Formulae of assumption, cf. Note 18. 13. 
 
 17. oTL oLKrj(reL<;. There is no need of supplying any verb, for otl is 
 merely a sign of quotation, and has no influence on the construction. Cf. 
 7. 3 d-jTov OTL fioi eiKora (f>aLvei. This usage is very common in Plato (cf. 
 14. 17, App. 9. 26, 63. 4) and Xenophon, and also in Demosthenes and 
 Andocides (A. J. P. V. 221). H. 928 b, G. 1477, G*M T. 711. Cf. Prot. 
 3 1 8 C ctTrot av — otl Trpos ypaf^LKrjv. 
 
 18. VTTC/D ttJs (T(ii(j>po(Jvvr}<i. In the later orators virip is preferred to Trept 
 for the meaning " concerning," and is very common. It occurs also in 
 Plato, but less often. 
 
 29. olXX ovx c^ci?- This is a common formula for anticipating the oppo- 
 nent's admission. Cf. Prot. 354 D. 
 
 30. TiVos icTTLv CTTicrrry/Ar; cKdaTr}, "to what does each science refer?" 
 Cf. 17. 9. 
 
 32. 7rXyjOov<s oTTws €x^l. Genitive of specification. This special form is 
 found generally with ex^tv and without" the article. Cf. Gorg. 451 C ttujs 
 ex^L ttXtjOovs, 470 E TraiSetas ottws ex^'-' 
 
 15. 6. TOVTO ecrriv c/cetvo. cKetvo is " what I said before " ; it may define a 
 relative more clearly, make an attributive or appositive clearer, or, as here, be 
 itself explained by the following clause with asyndeton. Cf. Euthyd. 296 B, 
 etc. The phrase appears in Aristophanes and Euripides, but not elsewhere. 
 
 II. o-e 7roA.A.ov Bd, " you are far from." 
 
p. 1 6] COMMENTARY. 93 
 
 13. oXov TTOtcis/ Exclamation of disgust (cf. I. Ale. 113 E, I. Hipp. 
 2(p D), or of disappointment (Euth'o 15 E). Cf. iroiov 23, 26, 46. 22 
 (Note). 
 
 18. Socrates depends on his own convictions rather than the opinions 
 of others (cf. Phaedo 91 A). He constantly insists on brief replies to his 
 questions (Gorg. 448 D E, Prot. 334 D), and professes indifference whether 
 he or his opponent is proved to be in the wrong (cf. Note 9. 32, Gorg. 
 458 A B). This section is a partial statement of the principles underlying 
 Socrates' dialectic and didactic method. Cf. Note 14. 5-6; v. Introd. 
 p. xiv. 
 
 20. Twv ovrmv oTrrj l^et, " the facts as they are." 
 
 23. la xatp"v, "leave out of the question." 
 
 30. Kol aveina-TrjiJLocrvvrfs. We cannot, of course, know the opposite of 
 what we know, in the sense of fully understanding it ; but since we know 
 the /fm/^s of any conception that we possess, we can at least know where its 
 opposite begins its territory, though we do not know its full extent. It is 
 on this ambiguity of the word " know" that Socrates' argument rests. 
 
 34. Tt Tts otSev Kox oterat, sc. ciSeVat. 
 
 16. 5. TO TptTov TO) a-foTTJpL. At the beginning of a symposium or 
 drinking-bout, three bowls were dedicated and three libations poured, — one 
 to the gods, one to the heroes, and one to Zeus the Saviour. Since three 
 is a perfect number, and the full ceremony was essential, the phrase was 
 proverbial for the complete performance of any duty (Schol.). Cf. Phileb. 
 
 66 D TO TptTOV T<p (TOiTYJpi TOV aVTOV SiafXapTVpaLfXeVOL \6yOV i7r€$€\0iOIX€V. 
 
 Aes. Eum. 729 tov Travra KpaLVOVTO<s TpiTov ^oiTrjpoq. 
 
 6. a p!r) otSev eiSevai. The subject of dhivai is rtm, not avTov ; so 19. 27, 
 21. 34, etc. 
 
 II. aXKo TL is merely a phrase for introducing a question, and is not 
 translated. It expects an affirmative answer and affects the whole sentence. 
 aAAo here seems to stand for an unexpressed proposition present in the 
 speaker's mind. The fuller form aAAo tl yj usually refers to some special 
 portion of the sentence; v. Note 22. 22, R. 22. This form of question is 
 akin to htotes ; v. Note 13. 33. 
 
 22. TL 8c aKorjv. It is better to take this accusative as the object of 
 thought, the accusative of general reference, rather than to supply Aeyets, 
 especially as hoKcl precedes. Cf. rt tovto; 12. 29, Rep. 472 B, R. 20, 21. 
 
 31. jiovXri<TWi ^ovXeTai. Qi. 1. 23 aKoOiv aKovu,\. 26 alaOi^a-eLs alaOd- 
 vovraLj 1. 34 <f)6l3ov<; (^o^etrat, 3. 14 dor^evcias rjs acrdevol, 14. 21, 21. 10- 1 1 
 otKia oiKovp.ivy) and TroXt? TroXLTevo/xivrj, 30. 7-8, 31. 16-17, 34. 16, 37. 4, 
 38. 2, 26, etc. This etymological construction is most common in the accu- 
 
94 XAPMIAHS. [P. i6 
 
 sative, but is found in all cases, with the relative and in the passive, as in 
 the passages cited. Although just here the philosophic subject demands*its 
 use, this figure, as a rule, belongs to legal and political formulae and to 
 familiar speech. The epic is too dignified to admit it, and it is not abundant 
 in history, but the dramatists and orators use it frequently, though under 
 limits. Isocrates avoids it, but its free and varied use by Socrates is con- 
 sistent with his popular style ; v. Introd. p. xv. 
 
 17. 13. Et ovv TL €vpoLfX€v ^eltfiv ktX. "If we could find something 
 ^greater,' which is greater than self and greater than other great things, 
 but not greater than those things (in comparison) of which the others are 
 greater, then that thing, if it is greater than itself, would also be less than 
 itself." Socrates is showing that science differs from the object of its rela- 
 tion, so he simply substitutes /xci^ov for lirKTTrjfxr}, and instead of iiruTTT^fir) 
 Twv aXX(i)v iiTLa-Trj/xw, we get fiel^ov rdv (aAXwi/) /uei^ovwv, and wv 8e raAAa 
 fxet^w iarlv /w-yySevos fiel^ov for wv at aAAat iTnarrjfjuiL ctcnv o^8ei/6s iTnaTrjfir}. 
 For the argument, cf. Rep. 438 B. 
 
 22-24. o TL irep av — avTov rjv. "Will not whatever has a nature rela- 
 tive to (TTpos) self have also the nature of (the object) to which its nature 
 was (directed) ? " 
 
 28. oxjjeTai avTTj eavTT^Vy v. Note 6. 33* 
 
 29. ovSkv firj TTore iSrf. The subjunctive (usually aor.) with ov fxri is used 
 in independent sentences to express emphatic denial. This combination of 
 negatives cannot be explained by the ellipsis of a verb of fear (v. Gild, in 
 L. and S. ov fxy), but ov is independent (no!), while /xiy gives the imme- 
 diate negation of the verb. Goodwin holds (G M T. App. II.) that ov fi^ 
 developed from the independent subjunctive with /at; (as fjurj cf>avXov y, " it 
 may prove bad"). This had become practically a cautious assertion, so 
 that the negative force of fxyj was held in abeyance, and in the combined 
 form ov would be the real negative, /xry merely a survival. H. 1032, G. 1360, 
 GMT. 294. 
 
 32. aTTLCTTelTai fxr) — ax^^v. The infinitive after verbs with a negative 
 idea may take firj to renew the negation. H. 1029, G. 1615, GMT. 815. 
 34. dSwarov, sc. rr]v eavrtuv hvva/xLv Trpo? eavra ax^tv. 
 
 18. 2. Tot? (X€v — Si TKTLv. So aAAos Se corresponds to 6 /xcV in II. 
 6. 147 ; so also mot Si. 
 
 4. Kara Travrwv, " in every detail." 
 
 5. TTjv avTov SvvafiLv — 7ricf>vK€v iX^Lv, "has its own nature." 
 
 8. TTLCTTevo) ifiavTw. tKttvo? etvat. t/cavos is not attracted to the dative, 
 because it refers to the subject of the principal verb. R. 182. 
 10. ct oTt fiaXia-Ta f-X^h "if i^ really is (possible)." 
 
p. 20] COMMENTARY. 95 
 
 irplv av iTTta-Keij/toixai. irptv takes the subj. and opt. only after negatives 
 or their equivalents. H. 924 a, G. 1471. 2, G M T. 645-648, Gild, in L. 
 and S. 
 
 13. fxavrevofiaL. Cf. 69. 10, Rep. 349 A. A favorite expression for the 
 assumption of an axiomatic truth. Cf. Note 14. 5-6. 
 
 14. (J Trat K-oXXacaxpov. Cf. 29. 20, 56. 2, w Trat lepwvvpov, 59. 14, 61. 9, 
 and often. The tone is familiar, with perhaps a touch of mock solemnity. 
 For the parenthesis, cf. 33. 27, 36. 5, 63. 28, 67. 28, 75. 28, 76. 9, Introd. 
 p. XV. 
 
 16. TTpos Tw 8vvaT(o, " beside being possible." 
 
 20. Notice the humor as well as the vulgar simile (tov<s ;^a(T/>io>jaeVovs) ; 
 V. Introd. p. xiv. Cf. 3. 27-30, 26. 5, 64. 8. Few authors use similes so 
 frequently as Plato (cf. 66. 13, 71. 8, 75. 11, 25, 32, etc.), but the Socratic 
 example often provoked protest by its vulgarity (Gorg. 491 A, I. Hipp. 
 288 C D). 
 
 28. av9L<s iTna-KCij/opeOa is the formula for introducing the fuller consid- 
 eration of a question. 
 
 29. TL paXXov olov re clBivai, i.e. "What use is it for increasing our 
 knowledge of the matter?" 
 
 19. 9-10. ttAcov Tt — €7rLcrTyp,Y}. "Will it be able to do more than 
 decide that one is knowledge and the other is not ? " to(tovtov, " this much 
 and no more." 
 
 13-14. 'AXAa — iTnarrjpr). "One is medicine, one is statesmanship, and 
 one is nothing but knowledge." 
 
 17. oTL ("that") pkv CTTto-rarat. To this corresponds o rt ("what") Se 
 ytyi/wcTKCt (1. 19). 
 
 27. etSeVat a re oTSev, v. Note 16. 6. 
 
 20. I. (US aXrjOds. Cf. 22. 14, 69. 2, 72. 16. Some explain the super- 
 fluous (OS as the adverb of the article, since to aXrjOeS' is used adverbially, 
 and TTj aX-qdeia appears equivalent to (os aXrjdC)^, as aXrjOeta to aX.rjOu)<i ; 
 
 jv^Note 49. 12. 
 
 9. oTi — €X"» yv^aeraL rbv larpov. Prolepsis ; v. Note 4. 14. 
 
 1 1 . Selv 8e Trelpav — wvtlvo)v. " But when he wants to discover (irelpav 
 A-a/Setv) its nature (i^Tts €(ttlv), will he not consider the subject-matter?" 
 Selv is the participle, as in 13. 18 (v. Note). Be2v (Siov) and irXetv (irX^ov) 
 are peculiarly Attic. As wvtlvwv is " the subject-matter," so tw tlvw civat 
 is "by the nature of the subject." 
 
 19. y larpLKo^ iarLv, " (to see) in what way he is versed in medicine." 
 
 23. TTorcpots €7ra«:oXov^i7(rat, " to follow either one or the other." TroVe/aos 
 is usually interrogative, but in several places in Plato it is indefinite, and 
 
96 XAPMIAHS. [P, 20 
 
 (like aTcpos) has the meaning here given (cf. 30. 26). Photius would write 
 it TTorepos when thus used. 
 
 29. ovre aWov — otlovv, "nor distinguish (StaKplvai) any one else who 
 knows anything at all." 
 
 ttXt^v ye tov ovtov oiJiOTex^ov. Construction according to the idea in the 
 speaker's mind, as if 6 (Ttiicjipoiv were the subject of the sentence instead of 
 rj (To}cf>po(Tvvr] ; v. Introd. p. xv. Cf. Notes 29. 26, 34. 24. 
 
 34. The imperfects rJSet, rjpxovro (21. 5) rjin(TTa.ix(.6a (ib. 6) rjpxop-cv (7) 
 etxov (9) in the relative clauses are due to the assimilating influence of the 
 imperfects in the respective principal sentences, although all refer to present 
 time. H. 919 b, G. 1440, G M T. 559, R. 57. Cf. Note 13. 2, 22. 8. 6tl 
 olBtv and otl ovk olSev are not affected, because they are not relative, but are 
 governed by the laws of indirect discourse (ciSemt otl, GMT. 663. i). 
 
 21. I . aAAov ravTov tovto Treirovdora ^TncrKiipacrdai, " to consider another 
 man who has had this same experience." Socrates considers this same 
 question somevv^hat less carefully in Xen. Mem. IV. 2. 25 ff. ; v. Note 
 12. 26. 
 
 lo-ii. ifxeXXev oLKetaOaL is equivalent to av wkcito, and in the same tone 
 is cXtyo/xev, 1. 15 (cf. Sym. 190 C to, lepa — rf^avi^tro), where the imperfect 
 expresses the unrealized future, or, from another point of view, past likeli- 
 hood. H. 897, G. 1402. 3, G M T. 38, 428. 
 
 14. Tous ev TrpaTTovra? evSat/xovas ctvai. This conclusion is obtained 
 through the ambiguity of ev Trparretv, which may mean " fare well " as readily 
 as " do well." Cf. Gorg. 507 C tov ayaOov ev re koX KaAws Trparretv, — tov 8' 
 cv TTpaTTovTa — tvhj.Lp.ova. etvat. Rep. 354 A. Cf. Note 11. 27. 
 
 20. rjv vvv €vpL(TKop.ev a-<x)(f>poavvr}v. The antecedent is often incorporated 
 in the relative clause (H. 995, G. 1037), but it is rarer that, as here, the 
 subject of the principal verb is absorbed. Cf. Phaedo 88 D ov — tAtye 
 Xdyov, vvv eis aTrtcTTcav KaraTreTrTw/ce, Crito 48 C. 
 
 22. 6. pa 8t(o?, " carelessly." 
 
 8. a pkv IdosjLv — a 8e pri I'KLfJTa.LVTo. The latter is assimilated- to the 
 mood of the two optatives between which it stands. Cf. Note 20. 34. 
 
 11. v^ TOV Kvva. Cf. 64. 9. This oath, like vrj tov xW^^ ^'^^ common 
 in the Socratic school, seems to have been an euphemism for vr] tov Z^va, 
 like our "by Gad," " Je-hosh-aphat," and the like. Cf. Note 2. 31. 
 
 12. ivTavOa = Trpo? tovto. 
 
 13. 7rpo4>aLVca-0aL kol otl <f>o(3oLp7)V. Cf. the shift from indicative to 
 optative in 5. 2-4; v. Note. 
 
 17. ot/xat X-qpcLv p,e. p,c is not at all necessary, but gives emphasis. We 
 should further expect eyw, since the subject of the infinitive is the same as 
 
p. 24] COMMENTARY. 97 
 
 that of the principal verb, but cf. Rep. 400 B ot/uat Se fie dKrjKoevai, Sym. 
 175 E, etc.; V. Note 33. 14. 
 
 20. TO ifJLov ovap alludes to the proverb, to i/xov ifiol Xeyets ovap (Rep. 
 563 D), and el re 8ta Kepdroiv kt\. to Od. 19. 562 fF. : "Twain are the gates 
 of shadowy dreams, the one is fashioned of horn, the one of ivory. Such 
 dreams as pass through the portals of sawn ivory are deceitful and bear 
 tidings that are unfulfilled. But the dreams that come forth through the 
 gates of polished horn bring a true issue " (tr. Butcher and Lang). 
 
 aKove 8tJ is a formula often, though not exclusively (Gorg. 458 E, etc.), 
 used for introducing a myth (Gorg. 523 A, Tim. 20 D), or anything, which, 
 like the myth, is outside the dialectic, and so appears like a revelation (ovap, 
 cf. Phaedr. 230 E, Theaet. 201 D). 
 
 22. aXXo TL, "surely," but aXXo — tl — ^, below (1. 27), is merely a sign 
 of interrogation. 
 
 26. €K TovTMv ovTws €;(ovTo)v, " Ih this condltlon of things." So Leg. 
 959 C. Cf. Phaedo 68 A aTrrjWdxOaL (tvv6vto<; avTo2<s, " to be rid of their 
 company." This use of concrete for abstract is a species of metonymy. 
 R. 312. 
 
 27. vyudLv is attracted to the dative by the proximity of vfxtv, but the 
 more remote KtvSvvcwvras remains unchanged ; v. Note 12. 34. 
 
 31. ct 8c (3ov\ol6 ye. Cf. 69. 25, L Ale. 122 B ei 8' av iOeXoLq dTrofiXiif/ai. 
 R. 76. 
 
 34. Tov<: oXa^ova?, " the false." 
 
 23. 3. cTTo/xai, " I admit." Trapc/XTrtTTTOvo-ai/, " interfering." 
 
 6. TovTo Si. The repetition of Be with tovto gives greater force to the 
 antithesis. Cf. 19. 13 to 8e, Phaedo 78 C. 
 
 9. 7rpocr8t8a^oi/. Ironic humility. Cf. 41. 13 ; v. Introd. p. xiv. 
 
 TtVo? eTrL(TT7jfx6voi<s, but later (1. 15) irept TLvoiv eTrKTTr^fxovin^ . Both con- 
 structions are found, and often ; v. Note 4. 11. 
 
 13. T(p Aoyo) Tw evSacfiova eTvai. The infinitive clause to — elvai is very 
 naturally attracted to the case of Xoyio, with which it is in apposition. 
 R. 203. 
 
 26. TTotov TreTTevTLKov. Scornful denial. Cf. Note 46. 22, Gorg. 490 D 
 TTOLOiv lfmTL<ov; L Hipp. 285 D, Euthyd. 304 E ; v. Note 15. 13. R. 319. 
 
 29. With 17 Tl and with >J to dyaOov, sc. oTSev. 
 
 31. TO iTn(TTr)fJL6v(D<s — TTOLovv, " Hviug scientifically was what made good 
 fortune and happiness." 
 
 33. /xtas ovcrrfs Tavrrj^, viz. to i7n(TTr)fJi6v(i)<i ^^v. 
 
 24. 4. TO ev ye — coTtti, "the good and useful performance of these 
 actions will be lost." 
 
98 XAPMIAHS. [P. 24 
 
 28. vvv SI — Travraxfi yap. This combination always contradicts a 
 hypothesis contrary to fact, and resembles dAAa yap. The particle 8i indi- 
 cates that the condition is really different from the supposed case, and yap 
 shows that the inference must also be different. We need supply no 
 definite words, since 8e alone gives the general idea (Riddell). R. 149; 
 V. Note 33. 27. 
 
 30. eOcTo, " defined " ; v. Note 49. 22. 
 
 25. 3. /xeya\.07rpe7ru)<s, "generously," i.e. "off-hand." 68. 11 has the 
 more usual meaning of " magnificent," "grandiloquent." 
 
 6. ovS€v6<; oTovj " anything." The omission of the copula and attraction 
 of the antecedent to the case of the relative is not unusual with this combi- 
 nation of words. H. 1003, G. 1035, ^' I99- Cf. OavpxKTrov o(tov 33. 18, 
 TOVTOv ov i-mOvfxeL 74. 8. 
 
 7. evrjOiKiov, "easily persuaded." Cf. -^Svi; el Gorg. 491 E, yXvKv^ cT 
 I. Hipp. 288 B, xp>70"r65 el Phaedr. 264 C. exn^Or}<; etymologically means the 
 same as ^PW^^'^- All these polite terms were originally ironical. So we 
 say, " You're a nice fellow." 
 
 7-9. 71 lC,rjT7](n<i — KareyeXaa-ev avTrj<s. Cf. Prot. 361 A SoKct t^/xojv 17 apri 
 c^oSos Twv Xoyoiv uxTTTcp av^pcoTTO? Karrjyopelv re Kal KarayeXav. This per- 
 sonification is especially common with Aoyos, as 18. 26 6 Xoyo? irpoioi. Cf. 
 69. 16, 71. 14 (also 69. 8), Phaedo 76 E, 89 B. The famous personification 
 of the laws in the Crito is perhaps the most extended. For KarcyeAao-cv, 
 cf. 45. 23 fxr) T7/x(Joi/ avr-q yj dvSpeta KarayeXday}. 
 
 II. TO ifiov, "as far as I am concerned." A colloquial expression not 
 rare in Plato. Cf. 38. 16 to [xev ifxov ovSev KoyXvei and Note, Prot. 338 C 
 Gorg. 458 D. The fuller form is to i/xov fxepo?. 
 
 19. After C7r€t, sc. oio/xat. The infinitive is not common in relative 
 clauses in oraf. obi. (H. 947, G. 1524, GMT. 755), but even if it were, a 
 state of or at. obi. is not in existence here. 
 
 30. oo-at rjfxipaL, "forever." Cf. Menex. 246 B. A colloquial phrase. 
 Cf. 6arjix€pai Ar. Vesp. 479, Plut. 1006, oaeTrj Thes. 624. 
 
 34. tus dKoXov6r](TovTO<;, sc. Siavoov. 
 
 26. I. d fXY} TreiOoLfxriv aroi T^ iinTpoTrw. This is mischievous irony, for 
 Critias' own definitions have been demolished and his wisdom set at 
 naught. 
 
 3. ovToi! Lat. hens! A familiar address, often with crv (ovto's ctv). It 
 is frequent in the drama, and not rare in Plato. Cf. Sym. 172 A (J ^E'aA.rypcvs 
 oiJros , 214 E oJtos, tl ev voJ ex"^* 
 
 5. dAAa fSejSovXevfxeOa. Cf. Crito 46 A ovSk /^ovXevecrOaL €TL <Spa, dAAa 
 Pe^ovXevaOoL. 
 
p. 27] COMMENTARY. 99 
 
 6. dvoLKpLaLv Swcrcts. A legal formula. The dm/cpicn; was the prelimi- 
 nary hearing before a magistrate, at which the accusation and the defence 
 were received and depositions taken, to be sealed until the day of trial. 
 
 9. ovSeU otos Tc iarai ivavriovaOaL. A compliment to Charmides' 
 beauty. Cf. Note 3. 22. So at the end of the Protagoras, KaAAta tcS koAw 
 XapiCofMevos. 
 
 LACHES. 
 
 27. I. reOiaa-Oe Tov aivSpa fxaxofievov. He had been fighting in the full 
 armor of a hoplite, — helmet, breastplate, and shield — though his spear had 
 a blunt head, and had given an exhibition of his skill that the spectators 
 might engage him as an instructor in the art. This exercise was as old as 
 Homer (II. 23. 811), and was considered part of a liberal education, fencing- 
 masters ranking with the sophists, who taught rhetoric, philosophy, and the 
 like. So, in the Gorgias (456 D E), oTrAo/xaxta is classed with these studies. 
 The instruction was, indeed, not confined to skill in handling weapons, but 
 comprised tactics and strategy, in fact the whole art of war. Cf. 31. 11-13. 
 
 2. eKeAevcra/x«/, "invited." So 28. 21, "advised." /ccAevw merely means 
 that the imperative mood was used, without implying a tone of command. 
 
 5. avTots crvix/SovXevarjTaL, " ask their advice." 
 
 6. ovK av eiTTOiev, equivalent to ovk iOiXovauv eLireiv. 
 
 (TToxo-^ofxevoL Tov avfxPovXevofjievov, " guessing at the wishes of the con- 
 suiter," since they desire to please him, but do not know just what he would 
 like. Cf. Curt. IV. 11. 10: Dtu neino qtiid sentiret aiisus est dicere, incerta 
 regis voluntate. 
 
 7. aAAa — Trapa ry)v avTwv S6$av, "at variance with their own judgment." 
 Cf. 30. 24, 31. 24, 32. 23, Note 11. 31, R. 165, 174. 
 
 8. With iKavovs sc. etvat. 
 
 yvCJvaL Koi — ctTreiv. These are emphasized by Thucydides (II. 60. 5) as 
 essential requisites of a statesman, and by Plato (Gorg. 487 A) as necessary 
 to any teacher or investigator. 
 
 (XTrAai?, "exactly." 
 
 9. ovToi, " therefore," shows that ^yrja-dfievoi is causal. 
 TrapeAaySo/xev ktA, " we invited you to a consultation concerning a question 
 
 which we will now explain " ; v. Note 34. 23 yeyovores ijo-av. 
 
 1 1 . ToSe, " as follows." 
 
 12. TTaTTTTOv. The article is often omitted with words expressing kinship. 
 Cf. Note 57. 17. The eldest son was usually named for his grandfather, 
 the second son often bore the name of his mother's father. 
 
100 AAXHS. [P. 27 
 
 16. yiyovev agrees in number with the predicate, as most frequently occurs 
 when the subject is not expressed. Yet in Gorg. 502 C Adyot ytyvovraL to 
 X^Lirofxevov no such excuse can be offered. Cf. Note 40. 23, R. 202. 
 
 16. TTOteti/ is construed with avuvai (" allow ") as well as with (iovXovTai. 
 
 vvv hrj. Srj contrasts vvv with the time of infancy, when parents take the 
 most care, and /cat lends emphasis to apx^f^Oai. 
 
 18. v/xtv depends on oVras and also on ixeixeXrjKivaL. 
 
 19. etVcp TLalv aXXoL<s, " more than any one else." 
 
 21. TroAActKts, "perhaps." So used chiefly after et and /Arj. Cf. 45. 24, 
 Rep. 424 B (f>o^ovixivov<s — fxr) ttoXXolkl^ tl<s otryrai, 584 B. R. 143. 
 
 28. I. With v7roixvr]aovTe<s and TrapaKaXovvres (fut., H. 423, G. 665) sc. 
 TrapeKaXea-aficv. Without the words between the stars (v. App.) there would 
 be an anacoluth ; v. Note 4. 16. 
 
 4. crvcrcrLTovfJiev S-j. 8r;, "you know." Men who were single, or who 
 preferred to eat with their friends rather than with their wives, organized a 
 small club for this purpose. This arrangement was purely voluntary in 
 Athens, but in Sparta it was established by law for all citizens. 
 
 5. oirep, "as." 
 
 10. ■tjfxiri.pa avToiv = yjixdv avrwi/. 
 
 11. vTracaxwofxcOa Tov(T8e, v. App. viro qualifies the verb, "somewhat 
 ashamed." Cf. 76. 3. 
 
 12. £10)1/ rpvcfiav, "let us Hve in idleness," the opposite of iTripLiXdaOai. 
 Plato merely means that they took no part in public life, for in the Meno 
 (94 A, C) he tells us that they received an excellent education. 
 
 16. rax, "perhaps." av by its position often brings an important word 
 into prominence. Cf. ort av 32. 5 . 
 
 18. oTL apta-TOL, "as good as possible." 
 
 21. cKe'Aeve, "he urged us (again and again)," but 27. 2 iKcXevcrafiev, 
 "we invited you (and you needed no second invitation)." 
 
 23. a/xa pkv — apxL Se, " partly — partly." 
 
 33. oAt;^^ yap olcl. yap, "certainly," a common meaning in answers. 
 The particle meets the doubt implied in oi/xai, and is characteristic of the 
 lively interchange of thought in animated conversation. Cf. dXXd in dXXa 
 hiopuai 33. 25 and dAAa koX tovtwv 30. 20, 40. 34; also 29. 10 ^(DKpdTr)<s yap 
 oSe, where yap indicates surprise, "really," so 33. 32, 34. 33. 
 
 (o<s, causal. Cf. 30. i. 
 
 29. 2. ax^^ov TL. Cf. 39. 34, etc., ov ttolvv tl 42. 28. tl thus hmits the 
 force of adverbs, as rts often modifies adjectives. 
 
 4. oAtywpws — SiaTLO^crOaL = oAtywpettr^at re kol dficXclaOai. These 
 words explain ravTa. 
 
p. 30] COMMENTARY. lOI 
 
 7. The deme Alopece could number three distinguished sons, — Aristides, 
 Socrates, and Thucydides the statesman. 
 
 8. ivravOa, i.e. in the palaestra ; v. Note 1. 4, and Introd. p. xi. 
 
 15. Damon was the most famous music teacher of his time, and had 
 among his pupils Pericles and Socrates, both of whom were also his intimate 
 friends. 
 
 18. 01 i^AtKot €yw, "people of my age." A condensed expression for 01 
 TT/A.tKovTot ^Xlko<: lyo) et/xi. 
 
 21. T^hf. refers to the speaker, a demonstrative of \h^ first person, as 
 often in tragedy. Here it is used playfully. Cf. Note 7. 9. 
 
 (Tvix^ovXeva-ai without reference to time, but (rvfji(3ovXcv€Lv with emphasis 
 on its duration. 
 
 22. StKttios d, " it is just that you should." 
 
 23. €TaLp(o re /cat ^t Aw ; v. Note 7. 34. 
 
 24. TTplv — SLevexOrjvai, "without ever having quarrelled with me." Cf. 
 Xen. Anab. IV. 3. 12. Omit Trporepov in translation. 
 
 25. Trepicfiipeiy " comes back to me." 
 
 26. fxcLpaKia — SiaXeyofjievoi. A construction according to sense rather 
 than form. Cf. Theaet. 146 B twv fxupaKLOiv tlvo, where, however, BT 
 have TL. Cf. Note 34. 24. 
 
 29. oSe, the person present, ovros refers to the relative clause preceding. 
 
 32. 6p6oi<s, "you do credit to." For the repetition in opdovvra. — opB-^, 
 V. Note 4. 34, and cf. €7raivos — l-rraivu — CTraivovcrtv in 30. 7-9. 
 
 33. oiKcta TO. era riplv, " you will be intimate with us." 
 
 30. 3. A>;Atov. This was a sanctuary of Apollo, which lay in territory dis- 
 puted by the Athenians and the Boeotians, and here in 424 B.C. the former 
 sustained a serious defeat. On Socrates' behavior on this occasion, cf. Apol. 
 28 E, and Sym. 221 A. "He and Laches were retreating, as the troops 
 were in flight, and there you might see him just as he is in the streets of 
 Athens, calmly contemplating enemies as well as friends, and making very 
 intelligible to anybody that whoever attacks him will be hkely to meet with 
 a stout resistance. I particularly observed how superior he was to Laches 
 in presence of mind" (tr. Jowett). 
 
 5. Notice the shift of tense and meaning in tJv — tTrecrc. 
 
 CTrecre — Trrwfjia ; v. Note 16. 3 1 . 
 
 8. Kol €19 ravra, " even in this respect " (with eTratvei). kol (tv, " you also." 
 
 (7€ — avTOv = (reavTOv. 
 
 11-13. Cf. Rep. 328 D fir) ovv aAAcos Trota, dAAa — (tvvlctOl ktX. 
 
 11. dveyvwpto-a/xei/ oAAijAovs, " we found one another out " (Jow.). 
 
 12. avVLaOl {(TVVCLjXL). 
 
102 AAXHS. [P. 30 
 
 15. oTTws av Siaa-fo^rjre. ottws and o>s take av in final clauses, because 
 they were originally relative particles, and the sentence was governed by the 
 laws of conditional relatives. H. 882, G. 1367, G M T. 325. Cf. A. J. P. 
 
 IV. 422. 
 
 v/x€ts, you and the boys, ttjv v/xerepav, Lysimachus and Sophroniscus. 
 
 17. TL<f>aTe; tl^k€l; to fxaOrjixa ktX. The rapid succession of questions 
 adds vivacity to the dialogue. 
 
 22. vewrepov. Yet he was nearly fifty at this time. 
 
 23. TwvSe, masc. ; tovtwv, neut. with aTraporepov, or masc. repeating 
 
 24. Trapd ; v. Note 11. 34. 
 
 26. TTorepos, "one or the other" ; v. Note 20. 23. 
 
 29. Ktti yap is correlated with kol apa. in 1. 32. Cf. 36. 14. 
 aWoOi = iv aXXoLs Ipyot?. 
 
 31. ^iXnov Lo-x^i-v, "to be better." 
 
 ovSevos — 4'^v\6T€pov, " it is inferior to none of the exercises." 
 
 34. ov yap ay(t>vo<s ktX. " In the sport in which we take part and under 
 the conditions to which it is subject, only those are trained who are trained 
 in the implements of war." 
 
 31. 7. ov Tav. Crasis for ov rot av. 
 
 8. ovSkv av TrdOoL. Trao-xetv tl is a common euphemism for death. 
 
 9. ravTYj, i.e. rrj rciiv ottAcov iTriaTrjprj . 
 
 12. ravra Xa/Swv refers to the clause just before, and tovtwv (in to, tovt<j)v 
 i)(6p.€va) to TTai/ to irepl ras crTpaTrjytaS' 
 
 14. Ta tovt(jdv c^o/Aeva, " which are connected with these." 
 
 16. wv KaOrjyrjaaLT av, " of which this art would be the beginning." 
 
 18. avrov avrov, "than he was before." Cf. Prot. 350 A ol iirLa-T-^p.ove*; 
 Twi/ pjT] 67ricrra/x€va>v OappaXewTepoL eictv, Kal avTol eavrwj/, CTreiSav pdOayaiv, y 
 irpXv pnOCiv, where the last two clauses explain the meaning of avrot eavrwi/ ; 
 
 V. Note 6. 33. 
 
 20. oTi Kal ev(rxr]povi(rT€pov, sc. av TrotT^o-etev. 
 24. Trapa ravra ; v. Note 27. 7. 
 
 27. oTovovi/, from oaTtcrovv. 
 
 30. iaTLv, emphatic. 
 
 31. ot vTn(rxyovp.€voL = 61 SiSao-Kovrcs- iTrayyiXXeorOaL is similarly used. 
 Cf. 36. II. 
 
 32. TL Kal 8eot. Kat, " also." 
 
 34. el ri 77V. TL is emphatic "(good for) anything." Cf. 7. 26, 33. 9, 
 47. 20, 53. 22 oio/xevct) tl eivai, 54. 17, Apol. 41 E eav SoKtucrt tl etvat p,r]8€v 
 
 OVTCS. 
 
p. 32] COMMENTARY. IO3 
 
 AaKeSaifxovLOv;. The article is not necessary with the name of a people 
 in the plural. R. 36. Laches was well acquainted with Spartan customs ; 
 V. Introd. p. xviii. 
 
 32. 5. oTt dv and cKctWs av; v. Note 28. 16. 
 
 6. TLiJir}6eL<s is conditional. 
 
 7. dicnrep ye koL rpaytuStas Trotiyriy?. In Athens alone were original trage- 
 dies presented, although other cities had large and beautiful theatres, and 
 poets came from all directions to display their talent in the literary center 
 of Greece. 
 
 10. €7rt8etKi/v/xevos — €7rt8etKvv<ni/ ; v. App. 
 TolcrSe, i.e. the Athenians ; v. Note 29. 29. 
 
 1 1 . dKVTtsi<!i. Often placed, like SiKaiws, at the end of a sentence as an 
 afterthought, and usually followed by an explanatory clause. Cf. Apol. 
 32 B k^ovkeaQe aOpoovs /cptvetv, 7rapav6fno<;, <os — eSo^e, Dem. 21. 43. 
 
 12. TYjv fikv AaKeSatfxova. Sparta rigorously excluded all foreign influence 
 and culture, in marked contrast to the Athenian policy (cf. Thuc. II. 39), so 
 that Laches' argument is fallacious. 
 
 12-13. aySarov lepov and aKpo) ttoSi (" with the tips of their toes") are 
 proverbial expressions (cf Isoc. Hel. 58 djiaTov tols irovrjpol^ (jScnrep lepov, 
 Cic. Coel. 28 extremis, ut dicitur, digitis) ; v. Note 2. 17. 
 
 17. ov Trdvv oAt'yots. Litotes ; v. Note 13, 33. 
 
 18. ev avTco Tw epyco. The same as ev rrj fJ^dxi) avrrj 31. 3, though here 
 intended, in its literal meaning, to suggest a contrast with the boastful pro- 
 fessions of these artists. Laches is preeminently a practical man, and is 
 glad to appeal to facts, though his story does not really prove the uselessness 
 of OTrXofxaxLa. 
 
 19. avTo^ev, " on the spot," " immediately." Cf. Gorg. 470 E. 
 
 ci'o-Trep CTrtVrySes, imitated by Cicero in De Orat. I. 20. 91 gtmsi dedita 
 opera, etc. 
 
 20. eTTLTrjSes — eTnrrjSevadvTiDv. A sort of pun or play on words (v. 
 Note 38. 12), which is accentuated by the position at the beginning and 
 end. Cf. Note 34. 4. 
 
 Ta oTrAtTtKct, the plural with a tone of contempt, " the tricks of fencing." 
 
 23. Trapo. Tovs aAAovs, " more than the rest." Cf. Note 11. 34. 
 8eSv(TTvx^Ka<nv. Equivalent to the pres. tense. H. 849, G. 1263. 
 
 24. evel Kai, "so for example." 
 
 25. emSeLKvviJLevov is ironical of course, as throughout the story. Cf. 
 33. 9, 42. I, 46. 23, 48. 20, 53. 17, 30 ; v. Note 23. 9. 
 
 26. ev TYj aXrjOeta = ev tw epy(o. ev r. d. o>s dXr}6u)<;. For the pleonasm, 
 cf. Phaedo 66 C o5s aXr]Ow<; toJ ovti. 
 
I04 AAXHS. [P. 32 
 
 28. irreftaTeve. He must have been a volunteer, for the marines (ctti- 
 Pdrai) were usually drawn from the lowest class of Athenian citizens (Thuc. 
 VI. 43). 
 
 Notice the accumulated imperfects from 1. 28 to 33. 3, showing the gradual 
 progress of the narrative. 
 
 29. hopvSpiTravov, " halbert," a spear (Sopv) with a sickle-shaped (Spe- 
 Travov) point at the side near the head. A weapon like this was sometimes 
 used to cut the rigging of the enemy's vessel. 
 
 33. 2. For the repetition of mCs, v. Note 4. 34. 
 
 3. i<j>LeL, V. App. 
 
 4. avTeXd/3eTo, '^ it held fast." tov S6paT0<;, " the shaft." 
 
 y, S. CK rrjs TpLTjpovq oAkciSo? for Iv Trj Tpnqpei oAKaSt. The preposition 
 €K is suggested by the idea of motion in rjv (" arose ") and opwi/re?. Simi- 
 larly ets is often found in passages where movement is only implied by the 
 context, not expressed by the verb. Cf. Phaedo 116 A dno-Taro cts otKrjfm 
 TL o)s XovaofievoS' 
 
 9. €Ke2vOy V. App. 
 
 io-<os. Polite, but at the same time ironical. Cf. 42. i, 48. 34. 
 ilr) dv TL ; V. Note 31. 34. 
 
 10. 8' ow, "at any rate." 
 
 This adventure may have occurred during Laches' expedition to Sicily in 
 427 B.C., when the Athenians undertook to aid the people of Leontini. Cf. 
 Thuc. III. 90, 103, 115. 
 
 14. oLOLTo avTov imaTaaOaL. The insertion of the reflexive as subject of 
 the infinitive is more rare in Greek than its omission in Latin. Cf. Note 22. 17. 
 
 16. <^vAaTT0/x€i/09, "watched." 
 
 17. lo-xeiv depends on So/cet, though the nearer yeVoiro remains unaffected. 
 In the first clause SoKct is used parenthetically (cf. ot/xat 34. 7), in the second 
 it asserts its rights. Cf. R. 284. 
 
 18. davpxKTTov ooroi/ was originally an ellipsis for Oavpaarov octov iartv, 
 but is here combined to form a temporary compound, and stands in apposi- 
 tion or agreement with tl. Tr. " in some wonderful way " ; v. Note 3. 27. 
 
 21. TOLavTT) TL<s. Tts makcs TouivTrj definite and specific. Cf. Notes 
 8. 31, 49. 20. 
 
 22. oTrep e^ apx^^ cAeyov. Cf 1. 1 1 o ow kcll i$ apx^s cTirov, 34. 21 o cyw 
 dpri eAcyov, 37. 15, 53. 33. Similarly ^p^ rovSe p,y] dcfyuvat. Cf. 30. i prj 
 d<j>U<j6 ye TavSpo?, 36. 21 p,r] d(fiL€a6aL, 53. 33 p,r] d<^teVai ; v. Note 4. 33. 
 
 26. €Ti TOV StaKpLvovvTos- txi modifies Seti/, and is out of place as in 
 Crat. 399 A €Tt rypepov ao(f>ix)T€pos, or ye in Trpds ye vp,d<i 27. 4. This is 
 called hyperbaton. R. 293, 295 ; v. Note 47. 2. 
 
p. 34] COMMENTARY. 105 
 
 8oK€t — 17 ^ovXy. This use of a definite subject with Set is quite rare (cf. 
 Polit. 277 D), though it is common enough with Seirat. 
 
 27. vvv Se introduces ev ex^t, as the punctuation shows, but often, as in 
 54.14, it forms a close union with yap, and, like dAAa yap, impHes an ellipsis 
 of some such thought as " it is not so." Cf. Apol. 38 B vvv 8c ov yap iariv. 
 A close parallel to the parenthesis in the present passage is found in II. 12. 
 326, where to/xev takes up the vvv Se, with which the sentence began, after an 
 interruption of several verses ; v. Note 24. 28, where RiddelPs explanation 
 of vvv §€ — yap is given. 
 
 28. Tr]v ivavTcav, sc iprjcfiov, as avfx{f/r)<f>09 shows. 
 
 30. Tt 8c indicates surprise and disagreement. Cf. 35. 23, Note 16. 22. 
 
 32. TL yap av tl<s Kal Trotot. Cf. Phaedo 61 E. rts stands here for the 
 speaker himself, as in U. i. 287 o 8' avr}p IdiXu iracn (rrjiJuiLveiVf a tlv ov 
 ireLcreaOaL otw. 
 
 34. I. For the repetition of Kav — av, cf. 31. 7-8, 32. 5-6, 33. 16, 17 
 40. 4-5, 60. 13, 62. 4, 74. lo-ii, etc. ; v. Note 5. 23, R. 266 d. 
 
 VTTO, not "by," but "under (the guidance of)." 
 
 4. ovaiv, concessive ; so ivl ovtl in 1. 12. 
 
 avTw — -^fuv. The first and last word afford a sharp contrast. Cf. 
 Note 32. 20. 
 
 6. to-ws, V, Note 39. 2. 
 
 9. TTw? yap ov ; yap often expresses surprise. Cf. 1. 33 ; v. Note 28. 33. 
 
 13. rj irepl crfXiKpov oUaOe. Cf. Rep. 344 D y afxiKpov otei ktX. Tr. vrept 
 (TfiiKpov KLvSvvevetv, "have a small matter at stake." 
 
 16. otKOS — oiKrja-eTac '^ v. Note 16. 31. 
 
 24. ycyovore? -ijaav. This periphrastic form of the pluperfect foreshadows 
 the modern use of auxiliary verbs in forming the tenses. Cf. ixlo-ovvtcs 
 yiyvovrai Leg. 908 B. Similarly the aor. part, is used with t^^ in tragedy 
 (Awas €xw), and fxeXXoi with the inf. takes the place of the future, as in 
 1. 8 and 27. 10. 
 
 avTov TovTov. The neuter pronoun here refers to a feminine noun (dyw- 
 via), the natural gender taking precedence of the grammatical. Cf. 3. 3, 
 35. 21, 39. 4, 40. 23 ; also Rep. 526 C, where avro tovto refers to yew/xerpia, 
 I. Ale. 115 D. Cf. Note 29. 26. 
 
 26. ovKovv eTL TrpoTcpov, sc. ioTKOTTOVfxev av. 
 
 TLvos ovTos TOVTOV. The participle is often used with the interrogative, 
 where we expect the indicative. Cf. 42. 25. The case is due to tovtov above. 
 
 28. 7r(U9 Ac'yei? is an indication that Plato regarded the subject as difficult. 
 Cf. TTto? (f)evy(ji)v, 41. 23. In 40. 6 Socrates explains an obscure point of his 
 own accord. 
 
I06 AAXHS. [P. 34 
 
 31. (TKerrrofxeOa. This form is almost unknown in Attic, o-kottco) being 
 used in the present system. Cobet ascribes its (rare) occurrence in Plato 
 to the influence of Homer. 
 
 33. ov yap ; V. Note 1. 7. 
 
 35. I. (jiapfjAxKov, "ointment." 
 
 2. 7r/)o5 6<j>9aXiJiovq. Parts of the body may dispense with the article. 
 Tts Tov. Both pronouns are indefinite, the first enclitic receiving its 
 accent from the second ; so xis rt in 1. 10. 
 
 6. 7rpo(TOL(rT€Ov (jrpo(T<j>ep(j)) . 
 
 ovKovv evl X6y(o marks the conclusion of the inductive process. 
 
 11. iaKOTTct. The imperfect is employed, because the preceding gradual 
 process of investigation is still present to the mind. 
 
 12. TTcpt TOV o ktX. Plato is the only Attic prose writer that freely uses 
 an article to introduce a relative clause. The dependent sentence is equiva- 
 lent to a substantive, and the construction is similar to the articular infinitive 
 with subject and object. R. 30. 
 
 14. TOV (Tvfx^ovXov is object, not subject. 
 t€xvlk6<s, "an expert." 
 
 2 1 . TovTo Oepairevcrai. tovto refers to t/'v;^^?, and tovtov, just below, to 
 if/vx^'s OepaTTCiav ; v. Note 34. 24. 
 
 27. eV KOI ttXciw. With numbers, kol often means "or." 
 
 28. aXrfOrj Ae'yets is so stereotyped a phrase that it is practically a com- 
 pound verb, and so takes a singular object, tovto, though aXr]6rj is plural. 
 Cf. Dem. 7. 43, where the Mss. have dXrjOrj /xei/, " surely," like /x^v, with 
 which it was originally identical. 
 
 32. €1 fjiiv <^a/xev ^x^iv, sc. CTTiSei^at. ex^iv, "can" (Tatham). Most 
 editors sc. StSaorKoAovs, but this does not make as good sense. 
 
 36. 2. ov <l)r)(n, "denies." Cf. 37. 7. 
 
 5. To £1 fiiv in 35. 32 corresponds el 8c fiqSkv ktA., while y ct ns — yeyo- 
 vacTLv is a parenthesis. 
 
 7. atTtttv ^X'^'-^ ^^ ^^^ passive of oLTLaaOaL. 
 
 9. cTTt^D/AO) gets from ck viov dp^a/xcvos (=7raA.ai) the force of a 
 perfect. 
 
 10. (To^L(TT(u<s . The sophists were the earliest teachers in Greece who 
 received pay for their instruction ; they devoted themselves to all branches, 
 especially rhetoric and philosophy. For various reasons they later gained a 
 bad name, which they did not at first have, and which many of them did 
 not deserve. 
 
 11. lirr^yyiXKovTo ktX. Cf. Prot. 318 A, where Protagoras says: "You 
 will return home a better man . . . every day than you were before," and 
 
p. 37] COMMENTARY. IO7 
 
 319 A, when Socrates asks if he promises to make men good citizens, Avto 
 — TOVTo icTTLv TO CTTayyeX/Att 6 iirayyeXXofJUiL. 
 
 20. iOavfmcra. Dramatic aorist of sudden action. The use of the 
 aorist, however, where the present might be expected, is not uncommon 
 with verbs of emotion, especially in the tragic poets. Cf. Leg. 686 D koI 
 avTos ifxavTov vvv Srj KarayeXaaa ; GMT. 60. 
 
 22. TrapaKeXevofjuai repeats dvTt8eo/Aai, which the speaker had forgotten in 
 the meantime. Cf. Note 43. 14, 49. 22. 
 
 23. TrapaKcXtvoixaL (TOL — Aeyovra. The nearness to ipwrav and the dis- 
 tance from (TOL prevented the participle from agreeing with its pronoun. 
 This looseness of concord is common enough in Plato. Cf. Note 4. 16, 
 20. 30, etc. 
 
 Aeyovra, ort. otl is merely a sign of quotation ; v. Note 7. 3. 
 
 27. (TV — eLTTCTov. The dual is due to the intervening vocatives. Cf. 
 Euthyd. 283 B ctTre fioL, e<l>r), w ScoKpare's re Kal vfji€L<s ot aAAoi. The inclu- 
 sion of more than one person in the address was an afterthought. 
 
 TLVL 81;. S>/ lends a tone of impatience to the question. 
 
 SctvoTaTo), "especially skilled." 
 
 o-vyyeyovarov, the regular word for " receive instruction," but here with 
 the broader meaning, "converse with." Cf. 29. 17 o-wSiaTpt'/^eiv, Theaet. 
 142 C (Tvyyevofievos re kol 8taXe;^^€t? ; v. Note 50. 15. 
 
 30. aXXoL is, in sense at least, in apposition (not agreement) with o/xo- 
 rexvoL. 
 
 32. 8u)poi<; for the sophists, xa/oio-tv for friends. 
 
 d/x<^dTepa, adv. 
 
 34. yeyovore (dual, sc. ia-rov, but Sore, plu.). This shift of form, which 
 appears early, shows that the dual was slowly dying. In fact, it received an 
 artificial revival in the works of Xenophon and Plato. 
 
 37. 3. fxr] ovK iv tS Kapt. The Carians were the first people to serve as 
 mercenary soldiers, and being less highly esteemed than the citizens, were 
 often put in the most dangerous position during a battle. Furthermore, so 
 many slaves came from Caria that Carian, like Thracian, became a synonym 
 for slave, and consequently a term of reproach. Indeed, so bad was their 
 reputation that they were classed with Cretans and Cappadocians as rpia 
 KaTTTTtt KaKLdTa. Here, as in our proverb (iv Kapt tov klvSvvov), alliteration, 
 which has great influence in all folklore utterances, seems to have played an 
 important part. Kdp, then, in this passage means " a worthless fellow " ; 
 V. Note 2. 17. 
 
 6 KLvBvvo<5 KtvSvvevriTai. This verb is regularly followed by iv. Cf. Rep. 
 424 C. Tr. " make a dangerous experiment." 
 
I08 AAXHS, [P. 37 
 
 5. dT€;(va)9 ; v. Note 2. 16. 
 
 TO XeyofjLevov is parenthetic and 17 Kepa/xeta is the subject of (Tvp^^aLvrj. 
 For the proverb, cf. Gorg. 514 E to Aeyo/xevov 8^ to{)to cj/ tco ttlBw ttjv 
 Kepafxetav linx'^ipeiv fxaOeiv. The ttlOos was the largest kind of earthen jar, 
 and to begin to learn the potter's art by attempting the most difficult piece 
 of work would be labor wasted. Tr. iv ttlBw — yiyvoixivrj, " to begin pottery 
 with the wine-jar." Ceramic art was then at its height in Athens, and its 
 products were exported to all parts of the Greek world. 
 
 7. ov <f>aT€, "deny." Cf. 36. 2. 
 
 12. SiSdmt Xoyov. Here, "answer," but in 38. i, "give account." 
 
 avTovs XPV yt-yvoiCTKUVj "you must decide for yourselves." 
 
 18. oXiyov, "almost"; v. Note 61. 3. 
 
 rfXiKtav exovaL, "are old enough." A temporary compound, hence no 
 article. 
 
 19. €1 ow fiT^TL Sia^epci ; v. Note 7. 7. 
 
 25. oAA' ^, " except." 
 
 26. iv rots Sry/Aorat?. When Athens became the head of the Attic state, 
 the townships or demes were allowed to retain jurisdiction over matters of 
 local interest. Each deme held assemblies, not only to elect its officers and 
 to revise the list of its members, but also to celebrate its peculiar religious 
 festivals, which it had preserved from ancient times. 
 
 38. I. ifiTrea-yy "is driven." Cf. Phil. 19 A ovk £15 ^avXov ye ip^TYjfm 
 — Trepiayaywi/ T7/xas ififSe^XrjKe ^iOKpar-q^. The dialectic power of the 
 philosopher was irresistible, and is compared to a hunter's net, from which 
 none can escape. 
 
 2. /3iov ^ejSiWev ; v. Note 16. 31. 
 
 4. eyw. The emphatic pronoun implies " though others may not like it, 
 I do." So the speaker continues, ;(at/o<o yap. 
 
 5. T(i)8e and tovtov refer to the same person ; v. Note 30. 23. 
 
 10. Tov Tavra /jltj cfyevyovra. ravra is the testing just mentioned. 
 
 Kara to tov ^oAoovog. An allusion to the famous line, yrjpda-KO) 8* aU\ 
 TToXXa 8t8ao-Ko/xevo9, quoted more closely in 39. 7. 
 
 1 1 . ewairep av ^rj. Cf. Apol. 29 D Iwo-Trep av €/A7rveo> ("breathe "), ov jutj 
 Travcr (DfULL <j>LXo(TO<f>(i)v. 
 
 avTo, "of itself," "alone." 
 
 12. arjOes — arjhi'i. A pun like TraTepa — iraTptha in 30. 2-3 (cf. 32. 19- 
 20), or HavaavLOV iravaap^evov Sym. 1 85 C, or bp.6TpoTr6<i tc koI 6p.6Tpo<f>o(; 
 Phaedo 83 D. Cf. Notes 1. 20, 45. 21-23, *^- 21, R. 323 ; v. Introd. p. xv. 
 
 16. TO i/xov, "as far as I am concerned." Cf. to. era and to. rjjxiTcpa 
 29. 34. These phrases usually designate the person and all his belongings, 
 
p. 39] COMMENTARY. 109 
 
 though in 39. 18 to, vixirepa and 46. 7, 51. 15 to, Ty/xeVepa mean little more 
 than {i/xcts and Ty/Aci?. In 1. 19. to e/xov is "my feelings." 
 
 20. ovx (XTrXovv. Laches plays on the meaning of the word, the first 
 ciTrAow being "simple" ("straightforward") as in Aesch. Fr. 173 avrAa yap 
 iaTL T^s aXr]0€La<s Itti/, while the second is " simple " in the sense of " single " 
 (undivided) . 
 
 26. /xov(7tK09. Plato often uses this word in the sense of " symmetrically 
 cultured and refined, both intellectually and morally." 
 
 dpfjioviav, " mode," or "scale." tw ovtl, "really." 
 
 28. -^pfjuxTfJievo^ €v. Cf. Rep. 412 A jMOvcnKiOTaTov koI evapfioaToraTov, 
 tr. "well tuned." 
 
 avTosavTov; v. Note 6. 33. 
 
 Tois Aoyoi? is dat. of respect (H. 780, G. 1182), while 7rpo5 to. tpya fol- 
 lows (TVfx<f>(i)vov. For the thought, cf. Hdt. III. 157 toio-l Ittco-i to. epya 
 Trapexop-evov 6/xota; tr. "so that his words are in harmony with his deeds." 
 
 29. a.Texvo}<i-^ V. Note 2. 16. 
 
 StopurTL. Plato carefully distinguishes the ethical effects of these four 
 modes in Rep. 399 A, and Aristotle agrees with him in commending the 
 Dorian. This was distinctively Greek, for the others were mainly of Asiatic 
 origin. The Phrygian was inspiring and exciting, the Ionian and Lydian 
 were weak and effeminate, but the Dorian was firm and manly. The theory of 
 Socrates regarding the Dorian mode is satirized by Aristophanes, Eq. 990 if. 
 
 39. 2. ws ioiKc is really ironical, for there is no doubt in the speaker's 
 mind. Cf. Phaedo 61 B aTret/xt 8e, m cotKC, Trjp.epov, when the time of 
 Socrates' death had already been announced to him. So 1. 18, 45. 13, and 
 lo-ws 1. 32, 42. I, 48. 34, 52. 22. Similarly in guarded, though real assent, 
 as €otKe 31. 32, 45. 8, to-ws 34. 6, (/>aiVovTat 44. 34, 53. 14, and often; v. 
 Note 12. 24. 
 
 Twv ipyuiv refers to his military achievements mentioned in 30. 3. 
 
 3. a^tov ovraXoyoiv KaXwv, "such that we might expect noble words 
 from him." 
 
 4. TovTo, i.e. Xoyoi KaXot; v. Note 35, 22. 
 
 (Tvp^ovXopxxL {not (Tvpl^ovXevopxiL) is said with reference to 38. 16; tr. 
 "I share his wishes." 
 
 8. (Tvyx<j^p^iT(x), i.e. Solon. 
 
 II. rwv roiovTiov., i.e. such apparent defects. 
 
 ovTo> (TV Trap ipol StaKCtcrat, " such has been my opinion of you " (Jow.) . 
 
 15. €8o)Ka9 — 8t8dvat — Siaaetv. The repetition is characteristic of con- 
 versational style ; v. Note 4. 34. 
 
 18. p.r) ovx'i V. Note 13. 11. 
 
no AAXHS. [P. 39 
 
 19. (TVfi/SovXeveLv kol orvcrKOTreiv. Their willingness to give advice was 
 shown 30. 26-39. 16, and to join the investigation 37. 31-39. 16. Lysima- 
 chus asks Socrates to represent Melesias and himself in the proposed dis- 
 cussion, and speak in their stead. By this action the dialogue is left entirely 
 in the hands of the principal interlocutors. 
 
 25. ov iravv ; v. Note 13. 33. 
 
 26. v/Aas avTov<s — aXkrjXovS' 
 32. lo-to?; V. Note 39. 2. 
 34. (TxeSoi/ TL ; V. Note 29. 2. 
 
 /xaAAov €^ apx^s^ ^•^- more thorough and philosophical. 
 
 40. 12. (TxoXrj av avfi/SovXoi ktX. Cf. Rep. 354 C. 
 
 19. Tais if/vxous makes the relation of apery to rot? vUo-lv more specific. 
 This joining of the part affected with the person who is the object of the 
 action ( cx^/xa Ka9* oXov kol fiipo's) is common in the poets, but very rare in 
 prose. Cf. II. 14. 151 'A;(aiotcnj/ Sc fxiya (xOevo^ c/AySaA.' CKaoro) KapSirj. 
 
 23. o TL TTore Tvyxavet 6v. The participle 6v agrees with the predicate o 
 Tt instead of the subject aperrj understood. Cf. Rep. 354 C to BLKatov — 
 etaofiaL etre aperi^ tls ovcra TvyxaveL'^ v. Note 27. i6. 
 
 TovTov refers to ottcos av — KTiqaaiTo. 
 
 27. /xeVrot, "it is true." Cf. 46. 16, 47. 5. 
 
 28. ciTToi/Acv TL k<TTLv. Exact definition is the chief aim of the Socratic 
 dialectic, and is usually reached by the inductive process, which leads from 
 concrete examples to general truths. Cf. Introd. p. xiv. 
 
 30. TOLVvv does not here draw a conclusion, but merely continues the 
 argument. 
 
 Trept oX-q<i apeTrjs. The names of virtues and vices may stand without an 
 article. 
 
 31. fiepov^. The Protagoras, which, like the Republic and Meno, treats 
 irepl oXrj^ apeTr]<;, distinguishes (349 B C) five virtues as parts of virtue 
 itself, — Temperance, Courage, Justice, Wisdom, Piety; v. 50. 31. Four of 
 these appear in Aesch. Sept. 610, and only four are found in the Republic, 
 Piety being absent. See, however, Introd. p. xxviii. 
 
 34. 'AAA' ; V. Note 28. 33 yap. 
 
 41. 7. Ka& oaov oTov re, since, as Plato maintains in his later dialogues, 
 natural aptitude and tendency must be considered. 
 
 8. Trapw, imperat. mid. 
 
 II. iv Trj rd^cL /xevoiv. The soldier speaks from his experience of the 
 phalanx, where it was essential to keep each line of soldiers firm and 
 unbroken that the enemy might be crushed by the united attack. So the 
 poet Tyrtaeus urges the Spartans, pax^ade Trap aXX-qXouTi p,€vovT€s. 
 
p. 43] COMMENTARY. 1 1 1 
 
 13. cyw aiTto9 ; v. Note 23. 9. 
 
 14. TO (T€ aTTOKpLvaaOaL. atrco? also takes the simple infinitive, as 42. 
 8-9, or the genitive of the articular infinitive. 
 
 TTOV, equivalent to ot/Aai. 
 
 17. Koi yap cy^; v. Note 28. 33, The answer, "Not you alone," sug- 
 gested by Laches' remark, " I, at least, agree," is here suppressed. 
 
 24. ^KvOaL. The same was told of the Parthians. Cf. Hor. Od. I. 19. 
 ID Scythas el versis animosum equis Parthum and 35. 9 Te profiigi Scythae. 
 Their descendants, the Cossacks, have preserved this manner of fighting. 
 
 25. "Ofirjpo^ TTOV. II. 5. 223, 8. 108. firjaTiop ^d/8010, applied at different 
 times to Aeneas, Hector, Diomed, and Patroclus, was explained by the 
 ancients as " creator of flight," but is here interpreted by Plato as " skilled 
 in flight " ; the meaning which ixyjaroyp bears in other combinations, as 
 firjaroyp dvTrjs. Plato abounds in these rather far-fetched arguments from 
 Homer, and is perhaps parodying the practice of the subtile sophists, who 
 paid much attention to interpretation of the poets ; v. Notes 11. 30, 65. 9-10. 
 
 32. TO Tojv ^KvOtiiv, "as far as the Scythians are concerned." 
 Laches' answer shows that he misses the dialectic bearing of the Homeric 
 example. 
 
 42. I. lo-ws; v. Note 39. 2. 
 2. nXaTatats ; v. App. 
 
 Tois yeppocfiopoL';. The yippa were shields made of wicker-work, and 
 covered with leather, which were sometimes stuck in the ground to form 
 a sort of breastwork, behind which the bowmen took their stand (v. 
 Hdt. IX. 61). 
 
 3-5. The present (imperf.) infinitives show the progress of the action, 
 the aorist its result. 
 
 17. The sentence is so long that Socrates forgets the participle ^ov\6- 
 p.tv(y;y with which he began, and with dal yap breaks off abruptly, leaving 
 the sentence without any finite verb ; v. Introd. p. xv. Cf. Notes 1. 32, 
 4. i6, 36. 27, 49. 16, App. 39. 25. 
 
 28. ov Trdw TL and ax^Sov n (1. 32) ; v. Note 29. 3. 
 
 32. (Tx^^ov Ti, "in fact it may be said that." kol avrb KeKTi^fieOa, where 
 we should expect /cat o. This free construction is very common in Plato. 
 
 ov Kttt Trept. The antecedent of ov is something like iv Travrt, as may be 
 inferred from the context. Kal has here a depreciatory force. 
 
 43. 3. TaxvTTJTa belongs to the agent, raxos to the action. 
 ovo/>ia^eis, " define." 
 
 7. 'OpOCjs ye (TV Xiymv. Cf. 4. 10, 11. 17, Rep. 474 A koAws y — cyo; 
 
 TTOLOiV. 
 
112 AAXHS. [P. 43 
 
 9. iv aTrao-ti/ ols. With oTs, sc. iv from the antecedent atracriv. R. 190. 
 12. TO Sta TravTwv rreffiVKog, " the universal character that pervades all " 
 
 (Jow.). Cf. Meno 74 A ttjv /xtW, 17 Sta Travrwv icrrLV. Lit. " what is found 
 in all cases." 
 
 14. TOLVvv has here almost the same meaning as fxivroi. 
 
 efxoLye <^aiv^Tai with ws cyw/xat is pleonastic. Cf. 49. 22 and Notes 
 36. 22, 74. 25. 
 
 44. 2 1 . l/xoiye SoKet shows that Laches yields the point unwillingly, yet 
 he must admit that the wise man is not guided by constancy alone. 
 
 25. eis <j>piap KaraftaLvovTcS' Doubtless to clean the well, or to find lost 
 objects. The same example is used Prot. 350 A. 
 
 29. ctTrep otoLTo ye ovrws shows that Socrates does not agree with Laches, 
 for it is only on the basis of Nicias' definition (52. 25) that we can appre- 
 ciate the nobility of self-sacrifice, which looks beyond the present danger to 
 the higher good. 
 
 45. 6. TToXtv, "on the contrary." 
 
 io Xiyofiev, " our principle " or " proposition." 
 
 19. fiovku (cf. 46. 2) is parenthetic, like Sokci and ol/xat; v. Note 48. 9, 
 GMT. 288. 
 
 21-23. KapTcpcLv — KapT€.prj<T<iiii€.v, a.vhp€ia — dvSpctws. A playful appli- 
 cation of abstract terms; v. Note 38. 12. 
 
 KaTayeXdarj . A not uncommon personification. Cf. Notes 25. 9, 51. 34. 
 
 24. -TToAAaKt?; v. Note 27. 21. 
 
 33. KvvrjyeTTjv and 46. 5 ^^eifm^ofiivoL^ are both favorite metaphors in 
 Plato. So in Rep. 432 B Socrates tells Glaucon to stand beside the bush 
 and watch lest justice escape (cf. Suipvycv), and in Phil. 29 B says that he 
 is deluged with perplexity (cf. aTropovai) . 
 
 46. 2. jSovXci] v. Note 45. 19. 
 
 5. x€ifm^oixivoL<s — oLTTopovarL. Plato often explains his metaphors by 
 adding a simpler expression of the same idea. Cf. Gorg. 447 A KaroirLv 
 eoprrj'i -^KOfxtv koX va-repovfjiev, Prot. 314 A Kv^evrjs re km kivSwcvi;?. 
 
 7. TO. ij/xerepa; v. Note 38. 16. 
 
 10. AoKetre tolvvv kt\. More fully, Xe^o) tolwv a vow • So/cetre yap p.01. 
 16. /AcVrot; v. Note 40. 27. 
 
 19. KoX ov (T(f>6Bpa. We say "but," where the Greek said kol. For ov 
 (r<l>68pa, cf. Note 13. 33 ov ttolvv. 
 
 20. <TO(^Lav TLvd. Here not one of the virtues, but equivalent to liria-T'qfiT). 
 22. TTotav (To<f>Lav ; Laches puts this question ironically, as a decided 
 
 rejection of the definition (cf. Gorg. 490 E Troia VTrohrjpxxra ; ff>Xvapu^ cx^v ; 
 V. Note 23. 26), but Socrates chooses to take it literally. 
 
p. 48] COMMENTARY. II3 
 
 26. 7] ye avXrjTiKtj. Ironical. Such illustrations from professions and 
 trades are very characteristic of Socrates. Cf. 23. 26, also 35. i, 40. 13, 
 44. 4, 47. 13, 51. 29 (all from medicine), 35. 6 (from horse-training), Xen. 
 Mem. I. 2. 37; V. Introd. p. xiv. 
 
 33. Tavrrjv stands alone, with ttjv iTrtaTyfxrjv in apposition. This defini- 
 tion agrees with that given by Socrates in Xen. Mem. IV. 6. 11. Cf. 
 Prot. 360 D. 
 
 34. OappaXewv here means what inspires confidence, "safe." Cf. 51. 10. 
 
 47. 2. TTpos TL belongs to ^Xex}/a<s. Such hyperbaton is not rare in 
 conversation. R. 289 ; v. Note 33. 26. 
 
 3. Trpos o TL. In repeating a question the indirect interrogative takes 
 the place of the direct. Cf. Euthyph. 2 C EY. ruva ypa^rjv ae yiyparrTai ; 
 212. rjvTLva; ovk ayewrj, Ar. Thes. 203 EYP. ttw?; AT. ottcos ; Sokiov ktX. 
 
 5 . ov fxevToi, " he does deny it, to be sure." 
 
 7. OVK, "No!" rejecting Socrates' proposition. 
 
 II. tTrei", "for." avrUa, "for example," is regularly used to introduce an 
 illustration, Cf. Prot. 359 E. Vergil uses continuo in the same way, Georg. 
 I. 356. R. 143. ^ 
 
 21. Kttt yap \kyti yi n. Again a play on words. Socrates used Xiyu tl 
 as meaning, "speak wisely" (cf. 53. 4), the opposite of ovSev Xeyeiv (cf. 
 1. 11), "talk nonsense," but Laches repeats the phrase in its literal sense. 
 Cf. Notes 38. 12, 46. 23. 
 
 48. I. TOVTO — ytyvwo-fcctv, " this knowledge." 
 
 7-10. Laches' ridicule is here especially effective, for we know from 
 Thucydides (VII. 50. 4) that the superstitious Nicias relied far too much 
 on soothsayers; v. Note 51. 34, Introd. p. xix. 
 
 9. otct is parenthetic and without influence on the construction ; v. App. 
 Cf. oT/JuiL 2. 13, 34. 7, 39. 33, 42. 22, Sokcl 33. 13, 54. 16, (SovXei 45. 19, 
 46. 2. 
 
 20. el pjq el, "unless perhaps." Ironical. 
 
 22. av(D Kol KoiTd), we say "hither and thither." Cf. Ion. 541 E iravTo- 
 SaTTo? ytyvet (TTpe<f)6fjievo<s avco kol Kana, Note 10. 33. 
 
 25-27. Acyeiv — XoyoL — Xoyov — Xoyots ; v. Notes 4. 34,39. 15. 
 
 26. etxev av TLva Xoyov, " there would be some reason." 
 
 29. OvSev answers tl in Laches' question. 
 
 34. lo-ws ; V. Note 33. 9. 
 
 TTwOdveaOaLj TrvvOdvov — Treirva-fmi. The threefold repetition of the same 
 verb shows the weariness and disgust of the speaker, and with Trvo-rts Socrates 
 mockingly takes up the refrain. The latter word is used nowhere else by 
 Plato. 
 
114 AAXHS. [P. 49 
 
 49, 8. ov TravTos dvSpos is perhaps taken from the proverb, ov Travros 
 dvSpos cs KopLvOov €(tO^ 6 TrXovs- 
 
 OTTOTC ye is causal, but is also conditional, as fiyj shows. R. 143. 
 
 12. Kara rrjv 7ra/oot/xiav. The full form of the proverb is kolv kvwv Kav vs 
 yvoLT], and indicates what is easy and simple ; v. App. 
 
 Tw ovTL, like (OS aXr}Ou)<s (50. 12), often applies a simile, poetical citation, 
 or proverb to the case in point. Cf. 38. 27, Gorg. 492 E, etc., Note 2. 17. 
 
 15. Ttjv Kpoixfxv(i)VLav vv. This fierce sow ravaged the plain of Kpofi/xviav 
 in southern Megaris, until it was killed by the Athenian hero, Theseus. 
 
 16. The position of ov Trat^wi/ leads us to expect a contrasted participle 
 in the next clause, but the sentence continues with the same construction 
 as Acyo). Cf. Apol. 21 E, Note 4. 17. 
 
 17. T(p ravTa Xiyovri, dat. dependent on avayKolovy though properly the 
 subject of the infinitive. R. 183. 
 
 20. T^ TLva. Kairpov. riva here makes Konrpov more specific, with a refer- 
 ence to vs above, and so distinguishes it from the rest of the list ; it also 
 shows the indecision of the speaker (v. Aesch. Ag. 55). Cf. Note 33. 21. 
 
 21. 6/xoio)s AeovTtt — '7r€(f>vK€vaL, "that a lion and a stag or a bull and a 
 monkey are equally brave." 
 
 22. <^avai is superfluous, but serves to repeat <Tvyx(i)p^^v. (f>r)iu often 
 appears in this resumptive office. Cf. Sym. 175 D Kal ciTretv on Ev av 
 €Xot, <l>dvaL. R. 266 e ; v. Notes 13. 23, 36. 22. 
 
 TiOefievov, "defining." Cf. 24. 30. 
 
 27. fxrjhe dvSpeia, "also not brave." 
 
 30. dAA' d<j>oftov is in contrast to to p-r) <}>o^ovfievov, not to ov — avSpeia 
 KaXC). 
 
 34. TTpopyjBia'i is a characteristic addition in the mouth of the over- 
 cautious Nicias ; v. Introd. p. xix. 
 
 50. 6. Koor/xct refers to 48. 28. 
 
 9. Lamachus was associated with Nicias on the Sicilian expedition, in 
 order that the prudence of the latter and the fiery energy of the former 
 might react on each other to the benefit of the army. Unfortunately, 
 Lamachus was killed soon after reaching Sicily, and the dilatory tactics of 
 Nicias ruined the undertaking; v. Plut. Ale. 18, Thuc. VI. 49, loi. Aris- 
 tophanes puns on the warlike fury of Lamachus in Ach. 1071 ico irovoi re. kol 
 p.dxo-1- Koi Adpxixoi. 
 
 12. The people of Ai^covry (cf. 56, 25) were notorious for their love of 
 slander ; and since Laches was actually from this deme, he fears lest the 
 proverb be applied (ws aXrjOios ; v. Note 49. 12) to him. 
 
 15. Ad/xwv; v. Note 29. 15. 
 
p. 53] COMMENTARY. 1 1 5 
 
 Plato often cites Prodicus when he wishes to distinguish related concep- 
 tions ; V. Note 12. 12. 
 
 TrXrja-Ld^ei, "attends instruction," like avvcivaL; v. Note 36. 27. 
 
 18. (To<\>L(rTri TO. TouxvTa ktX. a sneer at Nicias. 
 
 19. avhpl oV 17 TToAi? ktX. Laches repays Nicias for his mock (?) polite- 
 ness in 1. 9. The latter's silence is consistent with his mild disposition. 
 
 22. oTTOt /3X€7rwv — TiOrjaLv, "what he meant when he defined this." 
 Cf. 47. 2. 
 
 51. 3. KOL a\y oLTTa; V. Note 40. 31. 
 
 6. €xc, "stop!" shows that an important point has been reached. Cf. 
 Prot. 349 E. 
 
 10. a fjiY] 8eos. /Ltiy, because the sentence is abstract and universal. 
 H. 1021, G. 1428, 1430, GMT. 518, 520. 
 
 12. Sios — TTpoaSoKtav. So Prot. 358 D TrpoaSoKtav tlvol keyn) KaKOv tovto. 
 
 16. fxeXXovra is forced out of the attributive position to give greater force 
 to the antithesis, KaKo. — to. fxr) KaKa. 
 
 21. TO TpLTovy "a third point." 
 
 25. ciSeVat; v. Note 9. 15. 
 
 28. eis aTrai/ra?, with €<f)opa ("includes"). 
 
 34. oierat personifies crTparT/yta; v. Note 45. 23. 
 
 dAAa apx"'^- Poetry (II. 12. 195-264) and history (Anab. V. 6. 28 ff.) 
 furnish many illustrations of this principle, but Nicias seems not to have 
 applied it to his own conduct ; v. Note 48. 7, Introd. p. xix. 
 
 52. 25. Kara rbv aov Xoyov refers to the definition of dvSpeta as lincrTrjpjrj 
 Ttov havoiv KOL OappaXioiv, with the further explanation of Setva as p.iXXovTa 
 KaKa. 
 
 27. Koi TTavTO)? ixovTuiv, "without reference to time " (Jow.). 
 
 28. pLeTaTiOeadaL is a figure borrowed from the game of Trecra-OL (v. Note 
 13. 11), which is used in a more extended manner in Rep. 334 E. 
 
 31. Sat/xovte gives a slight suggestion of blame; v. Note 3. 29. Cf. 
 II. 2. 190 and 200. 
 
 53. I. (J ye p.6v<a 7rpo(n^K€i — to. p.T^, "who alone is fitted to distinguish 
 carefully things dangerous and safe." Trpoaop-iXdv, " to behave toward them." 
 
 4. Xiyuy Ti ; V. Note 47. 20. 
 
 16. pLcyaX-qv iXiri^dxov. The raillery hits Socrates as well as Nicias. 
 Cf. 50. 14. 
 
 18. €v ye. Ironical. 
 
 ovScv TTpdypu, " no matter," " of no consequence." So Gorg. 447 B. 
 
 21. ovhev €TL BiOLoreu (8ta<^€pa>), "make no difference." 
 
 23. ovSkv Trpos avTov ^AcVeiv ktX. This familiar weakness of mankind 
 
Il6 • ATSIS. [P. 53 
 
 is well illustrated by Aesop's fable of the two wallets (359), whose moral 
 reads : ot avOptairoL to. fxkv ii avrSiv KaKo. ovx opdai, to. Sk dAAoT/ota ttolvv 
 
 25. cTTietKois, "sufficient." 
 
 27. oiet, here, " think it right.'''* 
 
 30. (TO(f>b's yap — et. Ironical. 
 
 54. 3. NtKTJ/oaTov, the son of Nicias mentioned 29. 14. 
 
 9. (TVfXTrpoOvix-qa-a, •' help." 
 
 16. SoKCL has no influence on the construction. Cf. 33. 13, Note 45. 19. 
 14. vvv 8' 6fxoL(i)<s yap ; v. Note 33. 27. 
 
 17. dv TL ho^oi (TVfxftovXeveLv ', v. Note 31. 34. 
 
 18. €K<fiopo<s Xoyovy "traitor," "tell-tale." A proverbial expression, as ap- 
 pears from Ar. Thes. 472 avrai (" alone ") yap iafiev, KovSefxC cK<^opos Xoyov. 
 
 23. ci? StSao-KoAo)!/, " to school." The gen. depends on the idea of 
 locality conveyed by the preposition (Gild.). Cf. 7. 28, 60. 24. 
 
 24. Tov^Ofirjpov, Od. 17. 347. Cf. 9. 14. 
 TTpofidWea-OaL, "offer as defence," a military term. 
 
 25. Kcxp^iw-tVo), " needy." 
 
 . 32. TO Se vvv etvai ; v. Note 62. 17. 
 34. iav ^eos iOeXrj. Usually OeXt) in this phrase; v. App. 13. 34. For 
 the devout tone, cf. the close of the Apol. and Crito, also Apol. 40 A-C. 
 
 LYSIS. 
 
 55. I. e^ 'AKaSiy/xtas evOv AvKctov ; v. Introd. p. vii. The Lyceum, 
 afterwards so closely associated with the peripatetic instruction of Aristotle, 
 was a gymnasium named from the neighboring shrine of Apollo Avkcios, 
 and was a favorite resort of Socrates. Cf. Euth'o i A, Sym. 223 D. 
 
 8. ov 7rapa(3aX€L<s is equivalent to a command. The future is more 
 imperative than the present would be; v. Note 63. 15. Cf. Ar. Av. 1212 
 ov Aeyets. Probably TrapajSaXXco is a nautical metaphor, "come alongside." 
 Cf. Rep. 556 C. 
 
 10. Trapa rtVas tous vfxa<s = TtVes dalv ovtoi, ov<s Ae'yets vpa^. Cf. Gorg. 
 521 A, Phil. II A. The article adds clearness. 
 
 16. KaXws ye ttoiowtc? ; v. Note 4. 12. Tr. "you are very kind." 
 
 18. ov <^avAos; v. Note 13. 33. 
 
 20. cTTt T<5. Tw is better taken as masculine, " whom shall I see? " 
 
 56. 2. r}pv6pLa(T€v] v. Note 6. 28. 
 tJ Trai 'lepwvv/xov ; v. Note 18. 14. 
 
 4. el 7ro/>€vd/x€vos. A sort of periphrasis, though d is emphatic. This 
 
p. 58] COMMENTARY. II7 
 
 usage, which emphasizes by its fulhiess of expression the progress of the 
 action, was considered provincial and vulgar. Cf. A. J. P. IV. 302. 
 
 5. <f)avXo<; Koi axpr)(Tro<i ; v. Notes 7. 34, 14. 5, 6. 
 
 6. yi/wvai ipwvTa. Cf. Sym. 212 Bavros ti/mw to. ipcoTiKo. kol Sta^epovrtos 
 a(TKO), Mem. II. 6. 28 8ia to ip(iiTLK6<; elvat, Xen. Sym. III. 10. 
 
 8. do-reioi/, "amusing," "charming" (///. "town-bred"). 
 
 10. Trapara^T^creTat, " worn out." 
 
 1 1 . cKKeKwcfiiDKe, " deafened." 
 
 12. evfrnpta, "opportunity." 
 14. KaTaXoydSrjv, "in prose." 
 
 16. KaravrXcLv "to deluge with." Cf. Rep. 344 D wa-rrep ^aXavevs 
 ("bath master") KaTavrAiycras Kara twv wtoji/. 
 
 27. reai/iKOv, "high-spirited," "generous." Cf. Rep. 425 C, 491 E. 
 
 29. Trpos avTov = ra TraiStKa. Cf. Phaedr. 239 A, Phaedo 7^ D, etc. 
 
 30. (TTaO/jLa, "Do you attach any weight?" 
 
 33. ovyypdcfieLv, "write prose." Cf. Sym. 177 B, where KaraAoyaSr/v 
 is added. 
 
 Xripei, " talk nonsense." 
 
 57. 5. huxTtOpvX-qTai " talked deaf." Cf. Rep. 358 C. 
 
 II. TrXovTovs. Plural of stateliness, though with the thought of each 
 successive fortune. Cf. I. Ale. 122 B. 
 
 13. K£/\.>ys, "a race-horse," ridden by a jockey. 
 
 14. KpoviKu>T€pa, "more absurd"; v. Note 74. 21, Ar. Plut. 582. 
 
 18. dpxqyirov. The tutelary hero, from whom all the members of the 
 deme were supposed to derive their origin, but who really took his name 
 from the deme itself. 
 
 Si^fjiov without the article, since a repetition of rov would not be euphoni- 
 ous. Plato never repeats the article in such cases. Cf. Note 27. 12. 
 
 aTTcp at ypaiaL aSovai. It is well known that in all countries the old 
 women preserve most faithfully the traditions of the past. Cf. Rep. 350 E 
 rats ypaval rai? tov<; fxvOov^ Xeyovaai^, Gorg. 527 A, Theaet. 176 B. 
 
 25. €X.r]<;. Figure from hunting, so BLa<f)vyr) and OrjpevTrjs in A. Cf. 
 Phaedr. 253 C. 
 
 31. TO p,eAAov. Prolepsis; v. Note 4. 14. 
 
 58. I. 8va-aXu)T€poL. too-ovtw is omitted. Cf. Apol. 30 A, Gorg. 458 A. 
 2. dvacToPdl. A word imitating the sound, like our " shoo." 
 
 4. K-qX^Xv, " to charm," " soothe." 
 
 6. oTTcos fxr) — 7roLi^aei<s. Cf. 63. 22 ; v. App. 5. 17. 
 
 15. cTTiSet^at, " give a specimen " (teach a truth), but mid. " make a dis- 
 play," as the sophists did. Cf. App. 32. 10, Apol. 40 A, etc. 
 
Il8 ATSIS. [P. 58 
 
 16-24. Notice that Hippothales, who has hitherto answered briefly, 
 becomes talkative when there is a prospect of seeing his beloved (Schm.). 
 
 19. 'Ep/mxa. As Hermes was the god of athletic exercises, his festival 
 was celebrated in the palaestra. A law of Solon forbade the presence of 
 adults, but this appears to have become a dead letter. 
 
 25. TrpocTT]*, i.e. Trpoarfa, impf. first sing, of TrpoaeLfiL. 
 
 29. aa-TpayaXtCovras. The dcrTpdyaXot were knuckle-bones, often used 
 by boys and girls in their natural state, and tossed on the hand like our 
 jackstones, but more frequently they were smoothed on four sides, marked 
 I, 3, 6, 4, and played like dice. Four do-rpayaAot were thrown from the 
 hand, or from a box, and the thirty-five possible combinations bore the 
 names of gods, heroes, and kings, or had some conventional value. The 
 best throw ('AcjipoSLTrj or KoJos) was made when each die came up differently, 
 the worst (kvcdv) when all were alike. The rules for real (cubical) dice were 
 slightly different ; v. Harp. Class. Diet. 
 
 K€Koaixr}fxevov^, i.e. with clean, white clothes. 
 
 31. y]priojC,ov. Guessing at " odd and even," a favorite game for boys in 
 all countries, the fnorra, which the Italians play with such passion, men as 
 well as boys. Cf. Lat. par impar ludere, Suet. Aug. 71. 
 
 ^o/3/xtcrKo)v, "small baskets." 
 
 Pater (Plato and Platonism, 114) praises the beautiful picture here pre- 
 sented, and compares it for lifelike charm to the "Beggar Boys" of Murillo. 
 
 34. i(TT€<f>av(Dfievo<;. The Greeks wore wreaths of leaves and flowers on 
 all religious and festal occasions. Lysis had doubtless participated in the 
 sacrifice. 
 
 TO KaXos uvai is equivalent to on koAos ^v, to etvai being accusative after 
 oLKova-ai. For d$iOs dKovaai, cf. Rep. 496 A. 
 
 59. II. i7rr)\vyiadfX€vo?, " using them as a screen." 
 
 15. 'AfM(fiiaPr}Tovixev. "We occasion dispute about this point." 
 
 16, yevvaioTeposy perhaps "the nobler in character" (not in birth). 
 18. 'EyeAao-aTr^i/ ; v. App. 6. 6. 
 
 20. KOLva TO. <^tA(ov. A Pythagorean proverb. Cf. Rep. 424 A, Phaedr. 
 279 C, etc. ; V. Note 2. 17. 
 
 25. TraihoTptp-qv, "the trainer," teacher of gymnastics. His duties are 
 defined in Gorg. 452 B. 
 
 60. 13. Khv — dv. Cf. 62. 4, 74. 10, 11 ; v. Note 5. 24. 
 
 28. For the ethical dative avrrj, cf. Rep. 343 A, Soph. 229 E. 
 
 30. The (TTrdOr) arid KepKL<s were the wooden blade and comb used in 
 the upright loom for packing the threads of the woof, so as to make the 
 web close. 
 
p. 63l COMMENTARY. II9 
 
 33. 'HpaKXcis; V. Note 2. 31. 
 
 dvTL TLvo<s. "For what reason?" The causal use of dvrt is poetic and 
 rare. Ast cites no cases in Plato. 
 
 61. I. oXtyov, "almost." Cf. 37. 18, 63. 4. The full phrase is oXtyov 
 Set. Cf. TToXXov Sets 56. 23, Travros Seot 68. 12. 
 
 9. M;^ ov TovTo ere KoiXvrj. Cf. 72. 30. A form of cautious negation 
 very common in Plato, where the idea of fear is present to the mind, but is 
 not expressed by any verb. H. 867, G. 1350, GMT. 265. 
 
 18, 19. cTTiTeti/at, dvetvat, ijnjXai, Kpoveiv, "tighten," "loosen," "play on 
 the strings with the fingers," " strike them with the plectron " (a gold or 
 silver rod used for the purpose). 
 
 21. StaKwAvovo-tv, KtoAwvo-tv ; V. Note 4. 34. 
 
 22. cJ apiare] v. Note 3. 29. 
 
 24. avTovy i.e. ^'yonr former self." 
 
 33. 'A(Tta9, i.e. what we call Asia Minor (so Xen. Cyr. I. 1.4, Hell. IV. 
 8. 27), though also used in the larger sense of the whole continent, or of 
 the Persian empire. 
 
 34. ^(u/xov, "broth." 
 
 62. 3. Kai Tov't V. Note 9. 30. 
 
 4. Spa^d/xevot, " taking a handful." 
 
 9. ifjLTrda-aL ktX., "put in a pinch of ashes." 
 
 12. e/ceiVo>v. For the use of eKetvos for avrds, cf. Phaedo 106 B, 
 Prot. 311 D. 
 
 17. €Kwv etvat. To our idiom the infinitive here seems superfluous. It 
 is practically confined to negative sentences. H. 956 a, G. 1535, GMT. 780. 
 Cf. Note 68. 22. It is probably a locative form, meaning " in fact," " really," 
 and limiting eKwv. Cf. A. J. P. X. 381. 
 
 63. 4. oTt; V. Note 7. 3. 
 
 5-6. TaireivovvTa, (rvaTcXXovra, ;j^avi/ovvTa, Sta^pvTrroi/ra, "humbling," 
 " reducing," " puffing up," " pampering." 
 
 7. dywviwvTa; v. Note 10. 33, 
 
 9. aviXa^ov ifjuivTov. The reflexive is more common than the middle 
 voice, when the subject acts directly on itself. Cf. Gorg. 464 C eavr^v 
 Stavei/xaora. H. 812 b, G. 1242. i. It usually implies that the action is 
 unnatural. 
 
 13. crfxiKpov, "in a low tone." 
 
 15. epei?. Future for imperative. Cf. Note 55. 8, Ar. Eq. 483-485, 
 G. 1265. This is really more forcible, since a quiet assertion of the future 
 carries more weight than a request. Cf. A. J. P. XIII. 37. 
 
 15. TrdvTws ; v. Note 3. 4. 
 
120 ATSIS. [p. 63 
 
 18. avepiaOai, sc. veiptS. 
 
 22. OTTOJS €7rtKOvp>;o-et9 ; v. App. 5. 17. 
 
 28. o^x opas ; V. Note 18. 14, On parenthesis, cf. 67. 28, 75. 28, 76. 9. 
 32. €o-Ttacr^ov, ///• "feasting.'' Cf. Rep. 354 A, 571 D, etc. 
 
 64. 8. For the Athenian fondness for pet animals, cf. Ar. Av. 1290 ff., 
 Leg. 789 B. oprvya and aXeKTpvova are added unexpectedly to give a comic 
 effect, which is heightened by the mock earnest vol pA Aia and the use of 
 Socrates' favorite vrj tov Kvva (v. Note 22. 11) just after the mention of dogs. 
 
 65. 3-4. ovK dpa ioTLV cfitKov — ov^v pr) avTi(f>LXovv. If the sentence had 
 been positive, it would have read tariv (f>L\ov — prj dvTt^iA.ow, but since it is 
 negative, ovk is added to both copula and participle. The participle is less 
 common than the infinitive in this construction, prj ov implies resistance to 
 pressure. Cf. G. 1617 b, G M T. 818, Gild, in L. and S., A. J. P. VII. 169. 
 
 9-10. Socrates wrests the meaning of this verse to suit his purpose. 
 Cf. Note 11. 29. He takes <^tA.ot as predicate to all the substantives, 
 whereas it is attributive and modifies only TratScs, just as the other adjec- 
 tives govern their nouns. The quotation is from Solon (23 B'gk) ; v. Notes 
 6.9,41.25. 
 
 9. pwwx^s, " with undivided hoof." 
 
 66. 5. 7jpv9pia(rev; v. Note 6. 28. He blushes because he said that 
 Socrates had made a mistake. 
 
 9. cKctvov, i.e. Lysis. 
 
 (f>L\o<roc{>ia. Here with its etymological meaning, " love of knowledge " 
 (cf. 65. 6, 70. 26), manifested by his close attention. 
 
 II. iirXaviapeOa. Cf. Rep. 484 B. 
 
 13. (^cnrep 686<;', v. Note 18. 20. 
 
 14-15. Tov<s TTOLrjTOL^' — (ocTTrep Trarepes rrj^ (ro<^tas. Cf. Tim. 28 C rbv 
 — TTOLrjTTjv Kol TTttTe/oa TovSe TOV 7ravT09. The verse in 1. 20 is from Od. 17. 218. 
 
 22. Tots Tw (To<^i)iTa.Toiv (TvyypdppxKTLv. This probably refers to Anax- 
 agoras, whose works were entitled irepl ^vo-ccos, Trepl rov oAov. Socrates in 
 the Phaedo (97 B) remarks that he has heard selections read from one of 
 the books of Anaxagoras. 
 
 23. TO opoiov Tw opotio is an old proverb. Cf. Prot. 337 D, Gorg. 510 B 
 ovTrep oi TToAatot T€ Kat ao(f>ot Xeyovaiv. 
 
 27. ov <TvvUp.ev, "We do not understand," therefore we answer, "per- 
 haps," to-o)?. 
 
 67. 2. kpirXriKTovs koL axTTaOprjrovsj "capricious and unstable." 
 27. Tr]v apxT^v, "at all." 
 
 29. avTwv, "of each other." So iavTov<s 1. 31. This use of the reflexive 
 instead of the reciprocal is found when the parties concerned belong to the 
 
p. 72] COMMENTARY. 121 
 
 same class, and so are, in a measure, identical. Suidas, 'Eavrou? avrl tov 
 dAAr/A-ovs ol 'AxTiKot Xiyovaiv. H. 686 b, G. 996. 'AAAryAov? is more orna- 
 mental, and appears more in the earlier and later periods of the language. 
 
 33. TTore TOV rjKovaa Atyovro?. This is thought to mean Heraclitus and 
 his school. The poetical quotation is from Hes. Works 25 ; v. Note 11. 29. 
 
 68. 10. dyaTrav koX (fnXeiv. Cf. 73. 16-17, ^9. 32; v. Note 7. 34. 
 <f>L\eiv is the general word for love, dyaTrav is love based upon reflection and 
 reason, "esteem." Cf. the famous distinction in Jno. 21. 15-17, and see 
 commentators on the passage. 
 
 22. <us yc ovTwal aKovaai. The infinitive is used absolutely here, as in 
 the very common cos Ittos etVeti/ (" in a word ") and in ckwi/ dvac ; v. Note 
 62. 17, G M T. 778. 
 
 69. I. fiT) eTL /aoAAov T^/xas XavOdvcf^ v. Note 11. 22. 
 2. (OS dXrjOok'i V. Note 20. i. 
 
 5. eiAtyytw, "I am dizzy"; v. Note 3. 22. Often printed tAtyyuG, 
 
 8. SLoXtaOatveL, "slips through." For the personification, v. Note 25. 9. 
 10. aTTOfiavTtvofievos , v. Note 18. 13. 
 
 18. TOiovTOV olov avTo icTTLv, i.e. fiT^Te dyaOov [xrjTi. kukov. 
 
 24. KaA.w9 v(f>r)ye'LTai, "lead on the right path." 
 
 70. I. ov cx^t; V. Note 3. 14. 
 
 4. TO irapov, " the added quality." Cf. KaKov irapova-Mv, just above. 
 
 6. dA.cti/'ai, "anoint." 
 
 9. ij/lixv9l<o, "white lead," much affected as a cosmetic. Plin. N. H. 
 XXXIV. 54 tells of its use in whitening the skin. 
 
 25. i^v is the so-called "philosophic imperfect." GMT. 40. It here 
 looks back to 69. 18, which sets the time referred to. 
 
 26. Tovs rj^Tj (To<f>ovs ixrjK€TL (f>LXoao(f)eLV, cf. Sym. 204 A. 
 28. ovT(ji)<s refers to Kara Tiva Tpoirov in 1. 18. 
 
 71. 4. jSa/SaL-, V. Note 2. 31. 
 
 12. ovap ire-n-XovT-qKivaL. A proverbial expression, like our "build castles 
 in the air." Cf. Theaet. 208 B. 
 
 14. w(77re/3 dv^pwTTOts ; v. Notes 18. 20, 25. 9. 
 
 17. eveKo. TOV Koi 8td tl. Here cvcKa is the object to be gained (cf. Sym. 
 185 B), Sid the existing cause, or motive. 
 
 23. evcKa vytetas. evcKa usually follows its noun. 
 
 34. TOV <f>LXov TO <l>iXov TOV 4>iXov cfitXov ] V. Notc 4. 33. 
 
 72. 18. olvtI TrdvT(i>v TU)v dXX<x)v XPVI^f^'^^^- tt p6 or irapd is more usually 
 employed to express comparison, but cf. Gorg. 526 E, Phaedr. 232 A. For 
 the sentiment, cf. 34. 15. 
 
 21. Kwvetoi/, "hemlock." The poison usually administered to Greek 
 
122 ATSI2. [Pp. 72-76 
 
 criminals, that by which Socrates himself was executed. The plant. Co7iium 
 maculatum, grows wild all over Europe, is 3 to 6 feet high, and has small 
 white flowers in umbels. The alkaloid poison is obtained from the fruit 
 and leaves, and produces death by paralysis of the vital organs. 
 
 23. 'Ap' ovv Tore ovSiv ktX. " But he does not therefore value an earthen 
 vessel more than his son, nor yet three measures of wine?" ovSev is a 
 stronger equivalent of ov and is correlative to ovBi. Most editors take ovSeV 
 as the object of Trotetrat with KvkiKa and KOTv\a<s in apposition, but the other 
 way is simpler. 
 
 27. €7rt Tots ivcKo. Tov, " the means to an end " ; ctt* iKuvw, " for that 
 object." 
 
 73. I. pYiixxxTi "improperly," i.e. in a word only, not in fact. Cf. Phaedo 
 102 B ov)(j, to? rot? prjjjxicn Xeyerai, ovTUi koL to dXrjOe^ ^X^'-^' 
 
 13. ovBkv av yjiuv xprjaiixov clt] ; v. Note 14. 13. 
 
 74. 8. TovTov ov. Inverse attraction ; v. Note 25. 6. 
 21. vOXos, " nonsense." 
 
 7roL7]fm Kp6v(o. Kpovos had become a contemptuous epithet in Athenian 
 slang, "old fool." Cf. Euthyd. 287 B; so KpovLKo^ (57. 14) means "old- 
 fashioned and stupid." . 
 
 25, 26. COS €OLK€v and w<; ^atVerat are redundant. Cf. 43. 14, Phil. 32 C, 
 Ar. Plut. 826 B^Xov OTL Twv XPV^"^^^ '^'■^^ ^^ loi/ca?, el. eoiKc is neither sub- 
 jective (8o/c£ii/) nor objective (^atvecr^ai), but midway between, though 
 nearer SokcIv. Phaedr. 261 D illustrates the difference. 
 
 33. 6 Se Auo-ts iaLyrjcrev, since he is reminded that he is himself an 
 ipwjxevo^. 
 
 75. 3. Hippothales' reason for happiness is probably the conviction that 
 he is a yvrjaLo<; ipaarrjs- 
 
 26. dvaTrefiTrda-aa-Oai, " to count over, sum up." 
 
 32. wairep Sac/xoves. 8atfxove<; are gods of lower rank, such as departed 
 heroes, genii, etc. The word has no bad meaning in the classical period, 
 but is here employed to indicate a sudden and startling interruption. 
 
 76. 3. v7rol3ap/3apL^ovTe<Sj "speaking somewhat (vtto) broken Greek." 
 Cf. Note 28. II. The slaves were usually taken from wild tribes in the 
 North, from Thessaly, Thrace, and Scythia. 
 
 8. yepoiv. As Socrates was born about 469 B.C., this allusion puts the 
 imaginary date of the dialogue later than 409. 
 
 ID. Notice the presence of 6 ^tXos, the subject of the dialogue in the 
 closing sentence. So St/catoraTov at the end of the Phaedo and cro^io-riyi/ 
 at the close of the Sophistes. Cf. Apol., Ion., Pol., Crito, Gorg. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. MANUSCRIPTS AND EDITIONS. 
 A. Principal Manuscripts. 
 
 ist Class. — B. Bodleianus, or Clarkianus, of the ninth century, in the 
 Bodleian Library at Oxford, containing the first twenty-four dialogues, 
 according to the arrangement of Thrasyllus, which is followed in Hermann's 
 edition. This Ms. was found in 1801 by Edw. Daniel Clarke in the monas- 
 tery on the island of Patmos. It is written on parchment in beautiful char- 
 acters, and bears a subscription dated 895 a.d. Clarke gave it to Porson, 
 who bequeathed it to the Bodleian. 
 
 A. Parisinus (1807), of the ninth century, in the National Library at 
 Paris, containing the last fourteen dialogues and the letters. Among the 
 inferior Mss. the most valuable are the Tiibingensis of the twelfth century, 
 containing seven dialogues, and the Venetus D (tt 185) of the same age, 
 containing eighteen. 
 
 2d Class. — T. Venetus, of the twelfth century (or earlier, S), in the 
 Library of St. Mark's at Venice, containing the first thirty-one dialogues 
 (through the Timaeus) . No Greek author possesses such ancient and reli- 
 able Mss. as these three, A B T. The first class has generally been pre- 
 ferred by the editors, but the Phaedo papyrus recently published in the 
 Flinders Petrie collection has strengthened the authority of the second class, 
 so that some scholars regard the two classes as of equal value. A summary 
 of the literature on the subject and a description of all the Mss. is given by 
 M. Wohlrab, Jahrb. Supp. XV. 643-722 ; v. also Jowett & Campbell, Rep. 
 II. 70 ff. 
 
 B. Principal Editions of the Platonic Dialogues. 
 
 Editio princeps. Aldus Manutius. Venice, 15 13. 
 
 H. Estienne. 3 vols. Paris, 1578. This scholar is generally known by 
 his Latin name, Stephanus, and the dialogues are usually cited according to 
 his pages, subdivided A B C D E. The introductions and notes were by 
 Serranus. 
 
 223 
 
124 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. Bekker. 8 vols. 1816-1818. The first edition based upon a collation 
 of the Mss. 
 
 G. Stallbaum. 10 vols. Gotha and Leipzig, 1827-1877. The only 
 annotated edition of all the dialogues. 
 
 M. Schanz. Leipzig, 1875-. The latest critical edition, not yet complete. 
 
 C.F.Hermann. 6 vols. Leipzig, 1856-1858. Revised by M. Wohlrab, 
 1887. The Teubner text edition. 
 
 C. Principal Works treating of Plato and the Dialogues. 
 
 F. Ast. Lexicon Platonicum. Leipzig, 1855. 
 Ch. Benard. Platon. Sa Philosophie. 1892. 
 
 G. Grote. Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates. London, 1865. 
 B. Jowett. The Dialogues of Plato translated into English.^ 5 vols. 
 
 I^ondon, 1892. 
 
 W. Pater. Plato and Platonism. London, 1893. 
 
 F. Steinhart. Platons Leben (Leipzig, 1873), ^^^ introductions to the 
 German translation of H. MUller, 1 850-1 873. 
 
 H. von Stein. Geschichte des Platonismus. Gotha, 1862- 1875. 
 
 F. Susemihl. Die genetische Entwicklung der Platonischen Philosophie. 
 Leipzig, 1855. 
 
 G. Teichmiiller. Litterarische Fehden im IV'«" Jahrhundert vor Christo. 
 1881-1884. 
 
 G. van Prinsterer. Prosopographia Platonica. Leyden, 1823. 
 
 * * * Monographs by Bonitz, Cobet, Goldbacher, Hirschig, Madvig, 
 Schanz, Vermehren, Wolke, and Zingerle for textual criticism, and Becker, 
 Bertram, Bonitz, Hausenblas, Hermann, Knauer, Nusser, Ohse, and Spiel- 
 mann for exegesis, have also been consulted, as well as Schmelzer's edition 
 of the Charmides and Lysis, and Bertram's, Gitlbauer's, Rrdl's, Jahn's, 
 
 H. NOTES ON THE TEXT. 
 
 S indicates the reading of Schanz. His edition contains a fuller critical 
 apparatus, and is followed in the construction of this text unless otherwise 
 stated. Other editors are similarly cited by abbreviation ; v. preceding page. 
 
 b is the second hand which has corrected B. 
 
 yp. h shows that the reading was added to the margin of B by the second 
 hand, with the admonition •yp.(a<^e) prefixed. 
 
 Bad. Badham. 
 
APPENDIX. 125 
 
 H. Heindorf. 
 
 H. H. Hoenebeek Hissink, Animadv. 17-22. 
 
 M. Madvig, Advers. I. 403-406. 
 
 Schl. Schleiermacher. 
 
 Words that evidently had no place in the text have been omitted 
 altogether, but when there seemed to be some doubt, they have been 
 bracketed. Words not found in B or T are marked by stars, as in Schanz. 
 " Cod." indicates an inferior Ms., " ed." the majority of the editors. 
 
 CHARMIDES. 
 
 1. I. IIoTciSatas S : TroriSatas B T. IIoTeiSaia is the only form found on 
 inscriptions. Meisth. 41. 
 
 2. aafX€vo<: S : a(7/u,€vw? B, d(7/u,cj'ws T, ao-/i.cvo? Hirschig. The rough 
 breathing with this word is found again in B in 68. 24, Gorg. 486 D, and 
 often in A. Cf. dvSavo). For the nominative, cf. Crit.- 106 A, etc. 
 
 3. (TvvT^OeL<: : ^wrj^ets B T S. The Mss. are very inconsistent in their 
 use of avv and $vv. We find ^w- in 3. 20, 4. 12, etc., a-vv- in 2. 30, 6. 6, 
 etc., in fact, both forms in the same line in 25. 9. Cf. 13. 28, 30. In the 
 inscriptions (Meisth, 181) $vv is the rule till 410, after that time crvv is pre- 
 ferred, while after 403 $vv is used only in legal phrases. Whenever our 
 dialogues were written, their date is certainly later than 403. Moreover, the 
 fragment of the Phaedo recently published in the " Flinders Petrie Papyri " 
 has only avv, and Mommsen (p. 748) doubts that Plato ever used the older 
 form. Since the testimony of what is decidedly our oldest Platonic manu- 
 script (300 B.C. ?) agrees with the evidence of contemporary documents in 
 stone, it seems necessary to write arvv throughout the dialogues. (N.B. — This 
 is done by Krdl in his edition of the Laches.) 
 
 4. Bao-tA.77? B: (Saa-iXtiajq T b S, ^a<nXetas Urlichs (1857). (3a(nXLKrj<: 
 was explained as the Stoa Basileios, but this was not a tepov, and was never 
 called fiamXiKr). The reading of B was not fully understood until 1884- 
 1885, when an inscription was found at Athens, containing a reference to 
 the tepoi/ Tov KoSpov kol NT^Xeoos koI tt}? jSaatXrj'i, also called Tiixi.vo<i tov 
 N?;A.€tos Kat (Saa-tXr)? (Am. Jour. Arch. III. 45). As this is clearly the lepov 
 to which Socrates refers, the reading of B presents no difficulty. 
 
 2. 8. "Ea-TLu Sk B : eari Be T. In the Mss. and in the inscriptions before 
 336 B.C., the movable v is often found before consonants as well as before 
 vowels. Kroschel (Jahrb. 123. 553) thinks that B uses v to excess, and that 
 half of the cases should be rejected, but Schanz defends B. 
 
 9. vov S : viov B T. Not only is vov more common in inscriptions 
 
1 26 APPENDIX. 
 
 (Meisth. 48), but in A we almost always find v'ov, which shows that v6v was 
 written by the first hand. 
 
 24. aXXoa-* efSXeirev cod. : aAAos efiXeirev B, aXXoaifSXcTrev T. 
 
 3. 6. e/xavrw van Prinsterer : eavrw B T S. Charmides is too modest 
 to call himself temperate (7. 2), and it is wholly unlikely that he valued 
 highly his poetic skill, nor would Critias, in praising him, imply that he was 
 conceited. 
 
 12. KaXwfx.€v cod. H : KaXovfiev B T. 
 
 30. €v ifULVTov T : ctt' ifxavrov B. iv i/JuivTov means "in my own," "in 
 my senses," while i-rr ifjuivTov would mean "by myself," "alone" (cf. 4. 22 
 c<^' €avTrj<s), which does not suit the context. 
 
 33. fJXHpav alpeiaOaL KpciDV T : aOavaTix)(njL Oeca fxdlpa ktX- B : iv Oava- 
 TO€(r(rr) 6ia fjiolpav ktX. Sauppe : Oavdrov a rf Oia fiolpav alpelaOaL ;(p€(uv 
 Hermann, dSa/xaro) (rdevec /xocpav G. Hermann. €vXaj3ev 8c fir] Karevavra 
 XcWto? ve(3p6<s iXO(av jxotpav ktX. Bergk,* who thinks that the unintelligible 
 words in B are derived from a gloss, fxrj OavaTiacrr) vj Oia. 
 
 4. 20. dvayKolov * av * dr]. av was inserted by M, since an or at. obi. 
 optative would not appear after a primary tense, dv is often lost after the 
 endings -av, -ov. Cf. 7. 9, 18. 2, also 67. 3. 
 
 34. larpol ot "EAAryves B T: ot "EAAryves larpot Stoh^ieus^or. loi. 23, ot 
 larpoL ot "EAAr/ve? H. The Mss. reading can only mean "physicians, i.e. 
 the Greeks," and Cobet, feeling this to be awkward, struck out larpoL The 
 real contrast is with Zalmoxis, not with ^eo?. 
 
 5. 18. Treto-ci cod., H : Tretayj B T. The Canon Dawesianus, laid down 
 by the English critic Dawes, holds that correct writers use the fut. indie, or 
 2d aor. subj., but never the ist aor., after ottws, and exceptions to this rule 
 are very few. In fact, there is only one place in Plato (Euthyd. 296 A) 
 where the indicative may not be read. Cf. 58. 6, 63. 22. Goodwin (G M T. 
 283) would explain TreLO-rj as due to the analogy of fxr] 7reL(rr)<s, but this seems 
 needless. Cf. A. J. P. VI. 71. 
 
 21. After ;(o>pts eKarepov B T have (Toxftpoavvr}^ koi iiytctas, but cod. 
 Laurentianus (85. 6) and H omit these words. We cannot say larpos 
 iiytetas, and cKarepov must accordingly refer to i(/v)(^<: koi <T(i)fjuiTO<;. 
 
 24. ofxtjifxoKa T yp. h : w/xoaa B. The perfect is used because he is still 
 bound by the oath, just as ot St/caorrat o/xa>ju,oKOTes KaO-qvTaL (Cobet). 
 
 6. I. TrXcto-TOts SoKCi ora)^poi/eo-TaT05 M : ttXciVtov 8o/cet TroA.vc^povco'Taros 
 B, Trdw TToXv I SoKct (Toxfypovia-TaTo^ T, TrXelarov 8oK£t a-oxfypovearaTos Herm. 
 The tragedians sometimes join TrAeio-rov with a superlative, but in prose it 
 is very rare, if not unknown. 
 
 6. TToiat Bvo otKtat o^vi/eA^ovo-at Aldine ed. : Troiat Bvoiv oiKtai <Tvv€X6ov<rai 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 127 
 
 T, KOL vvv for crvv B, ttoixhv Svotv otKtaiv <Tvv€Xdov(Taiv Herm. Plato uses 
 the dual in his youthful works freely and naturally, like Aristophanes. In 
 his later dialogues it gradually passes away, but is revived in the Laws to 
 give antique color. 
 
 13. T^Tretpo) S: rrj ireipw B, tt^ rjirdpa^ T. Schanz thinks (Prol. 
 Symp.) that the scribes often omit cases of crasis, so he restores it when- 
 ever B or T give warrant. 
 
 7. 28. kolXKlov iaTLv S : /caAAto-rov B T. Cf. E, where kclXXlov is used 
 twice. Stallbaum defends KdWiarov as meaning, '* Is quickness best, or is 
 slowness best.''" 
 
 ofWLa B T and all previous editors : 6/xota S. Blass in his new edition 
 of Kiihner's Grammar (I. 326. 7) holds that 6yu.otos belongs to the older 
 Attic of Thucydides and the tragedians, but that all other classic authors 
 wrote o/Aotos, and cites Ael. Dionys. ap. Eustath. II. p. 206, who says o/xoZa 
 — T<x>v iraXatiov 'Attikwv, adding that most people write yiXotov, etc. (The 
 Koivrj used yeXoiov, bjxdlov.) The followers of Schanz quote Herodian, 137. 
 16 L, who assigns o/xota to ot fierayevia-repoL twv 'Attikcov, and recommends 
 ofiolov, the form used also in the kolviJ. Again, the Schol. ad Dionys. 173. 16, 
 after noting that Homer has 6/x.oto?, remarks ot 8k 'Attlkol o/xota Aeyovo-i. 
 Cf. Anal. Oxon. II. 54. 3, Eust. 531. 35, 369. 18. The question seems to 
 be whether Plato was considered iroXato? or fxerayevia-Tepo^, and since Blass 
 with all the other editors takes the latter view and Schanz stands alone, it 
 seems the safest course to follow the Mss., especially since Schneider (ad 
 Rep. p. 14) has noticed that they are as constant in writing o/xota as they 
 are in accenting yeXota in many places. o/xoto9 appears in the texts of all 
 the contemporary orators, and Wohlrab prints o/xotos in his revision of the 
 Teubner Plato (1887- ). 
 
 8. 17. Yi(Tvxf'<oTaTo<; Cobet : -^(Tvx<jiTaTO<; B T. 
 
 30. KaXXtovs B T : KoAAa Schaefer. The latter reading would construe 
 ovo-at with cAcittovs alone, and is easier, but not necessary. 
 
 9. 12. After 'Ap' ovv av d-q S supposes a lacuna, which he would fill 
 with KaKov, o p.7] KaKovs /cat. Schneider reads elrj p.rj dyaObv, o dyaOov<; 
 oTrepyd^CTaL. 
 
 21. 8r] ovSkv fxaWov dyaOov y KaKov S : /jlt] ovSev fxaXXov dyaOov y Koi 
 KUKov B T, fx-qSkv fidXXov Stephanus, ovSkv /xoAAov Ast. 
 
 26. dv eirj B T : elr) S. It suits Charmides' nature to keep the more 
 modest potential optative. Cf. 10. 22, and often in definitions. "Otl may 
 introduce a direct quotation as well as oraL obi. ; v. Note 7. 3. 
 
 11. 18. a wv8r) rjpuiTiov B T : o H ; v. Comm. 
 
 13. 10. CIS TovTO avayKatov etvat o"v/x^atv€tv. H omits cis. 
 
128 APPENDIX. 
 
 II. t6t€. fxyj S : on fxrj B T, tl ^rj M, otl Srj Bekker, otlovv [M-q Cobet. 
 OTL ixrj is possible, for the infinitive is found (though rarely) in dependent 
 clauses introduced by on (Leg. 892 E) and w? (Phaedo 108 E). R. 279. 
 This is due to a conflation of two constructions, on with the indicative and 
 the simple infinitive, firj ov would then be explained as the independent 
 form (cf. 61. 9, G. 135 1) thrown into orat. odl., though the perfect tense is 
 very unusual. The Mss. reading involves such a combination of rarities 
 that it is safer to discard it. 
 
 13. 25. Kttt iyw B T : koI eyw 6/xoAoyco Heusde, but v. Note 12. 23. 
 27. iyyvTj and ary) T : iyyva and ara t. 
 
 34. vvv 8' idiXiii T : 8c dikm B. OiXm is the older form, surviving in 
 Attic prose mainly in consecrated phrases, such as a.v Oebs OiXy, our " D. V." 
 Cf. 54. 34. The orators also use it to avoid hiatus after words ending with 
 a vowel. The inscriptions have iOeXo) almost exclusively (Meisth. 142). 
 
 14. 5. o/xoAo-yr/o-oi/Tos (tol Heusde.: o/xoAoyi^o-ai/rds o^ov B T ; ofJLoXoyrj- 
 (ravTos rj ov Schl. 
 
 23. ttAArjAats H : oAAats B T. Stallbaum defends oAAai?, but this could 
 only mean " some like some, others like others," which is hardly consistent 
 with Socrates' intention. 
 
 15. 2. Kov(f>OT€pov (TTaOfiov €<TTW H : ecrni/ araTLKT^ B T, icrriv lin- 
 (jT'^lxr) H H. 
 
 24. o-KOTrei H : o-kottciv T ; o-kottcii/ B. The use of the infinitive to con- 
 vey a direct command is poetic, and, more particularly, Homeric (H. 957, 
 G. 1536, GMT. 784). In Plato it is mainly, if not wholly, confined to 
 <l>dvat, "Suppose that" (Rep. 473 A, etc.). Cf. A. J. P. XIV. 124. 
 
 16. 7. ot8e Kat OTL are added by cod. E. 
 
 17. 29. ovSkv fiT] Stallbaum ; ovSkv av fxr) B"T. 
 
 18. 2. TTavra 8^ S : Trdvra av B T. 
 
 5. After ttc^vkcv tx^tv the Mss. have irXrjv ima-TijfJir}^, which Schl. 
 omitted, iv rovrots co-riv iTrLcrri^fxr) B T : ^ iTnari^fir} H. The point, how- 
 ever, is not that the science which we call temperance is included, but 
 science, which, as it happens, has been identified with temperance. 
 
 16. After OTL hvvaTov the Mss. have d7ro8er^ai ae, which H omits. The 
 discussion is not about the demonstration, but the thing itself. 
 
 21, After d7ropovvTo<: Badham omits dvayKacrOrjvaL read by the Mss. If 
 the word were allowed to stand, it could mean " tortured " (cf. Xen. Hiero 
 9. 2), but it interrupts the contrast between vtt e/xov aTropowros and avTos 
 dXS>vaL VTTO aTToptas. It is not a question of compulsion, but of sympathy 
 (Cobet). 
 
 19. 7. TO avTo — eiSeVai B T: a olBev — ei8eVat H H omits. Since 
 
APPENDIX. 129 
 
 Socrates accepts on oTBe kol 6ti firj otSev, but rejects a oiSc koI a fxt] olBevy 
 we should expect something like tS etSeVat ort olSc ktX. after to avro. Schl. 
 accordingly writes to avro tw otl ti? oTSev elBivat Koi a tis olBev rj fxrj olScv 
 clSevaL. But this involves too many changes, and it is safer to let it alone. 
 H inserts to after to avro. 
 
 20. 1 1 . Belv 8e Herm. : Bel Brj B, el Be Bel H. 
 
 23. ovTe ye Naegelsbach : ovBe ye B T ; ovBe ye Stallbaum, who cites 
 Rep. 398 A ov — ovBe to support ov — ovTe here, ov — ovre, however, seems 
 to be confined to the poets, though we find ovTe — re often, as 18. 23-24. 
 
 22. 2. dpa TL b: aprt B T. Phrynichus § 12 (Ruth. 70) tells us that 
 apTL is not construed with the future in the classical period. 
 
 12. aTOTT a.TT Bad. : aToiray B T ; aroTra t Bekker. 
 
 26. oAAo av -^fuv TL (TVfxjSaLvoL *rj.* Where oAAo and tl are separated 
 in this way, they lose their stereotyped phraseological character, and need rj 
 to justify their existence ; v. Note 16. 1 1 . 
 
 23. 15. ^wvTa Schl.: ^wvtw B T. (tv BoKels Bekker, ev BoKei B T, 
 av SoKCts Schl. 
 
 21. cjiSifxev S: Oiofxev B T. Both are used by Plato elsewhere. Cf. 
 App. 75. 13. 
 
 24. 10. oAAo Tl av elr} M : elrj "^ w(fieXLfxrj B, etr) w<f>eXLfjir} T, eir) y 
 (a<f>e\Lixr] Schl. 
 
 14. 'H Kav S : ^ Kol B T. av could be supplied mentally from the pre- 
 ceding sentence. Cf. App. 60. 14; v. examples in R. 67. 
 
 29. evpelv yp. T : exeiv B T. tw Adyo) S : iv T(o \6y(o B T. 
 
 25. 23. oarwTrep T : 05 wcnrep B. 
 
 31 . Spa TovTo M : Spas Toivro B T, el Bpas tovto cod., Herm. omits. 
 
 LACHES. 
 
 27. 16. S^BT: ^Sr/Bad. 
 
 18-19. The words between the stars were supplied by S from 37. 16. 
 
 28. II. TovcrSe B: TolcrBe T. aio-xvvo/>ux6 w. dat. means "ashamed ^," 
 w. ace. " ashamed before a person." The latter is evidently the meaning here. 
 
 20. T(o v€a) B T : Tw vew Bad. If the Ms. reading is kept, the article is 
 generic, but Plato's fondness for the dual (v. App. 6. 6) lends some plausi- 
 bility to the conjecture. Cf. 33. 27 TwSe T : TwSe B. 
 
 29. 4. oAiywpws S : oXiyoipeZaOaL B T ed., 6A.iywp(os teaOai Gtlb. 
 
 30. fjLep.vrj(T9e Bekker : ep.ep.vqade B T Cron, eTrLjxefxvqcrOe Bad, Gtlb. 
 omits. 
 
 30. 5. -^fxlov -qBT ed. : ^ S, since ly/xcui/ is exira versum T. The emphatic 
 ^fiwv is very appropriate to Laches' admiration. 
 
1 30 APPENDIX. 
 
 10. ewovo-Totrois B T ed. : evvovaraTov S. 
 
 11. o-e cod. Bekker: ye B T K, Gtlb. omits. 
 
 31. 5. Ttva Bad. : ti B T J St., irov K. ov Tav Herm. : or' av B, ovr 
 av T, out' dp Bad., Gtlb. omits. 
 
 21. oJ — (fiatveaOaL M. : Gtlb. omits, dvSpa evcyxrifx-ovifTTarov cod., Bad. 
 S suggests that hC ov be read, since AI might readily fall out after A I, and 
 8ia TTjv cvaxrjp-oa-vvTjv be omitted. 
 
 32. 4. 'keX-^eeiv S : XeXrjOev B T ed. 
 
 ID. €7n8eLKvv<nv B T ed. : eViSetKvvr' S. It is true that the active of this 
 verb is rare (but cf. Hipp. I. 286 B, Xen. Sym. 3. 3), yet the elision of at is 
 also unusual (cf. 65. 8 iJ/evSeO'), and it seems safe to let the Ms. reading 
 stand. 
 
 14. OL Kav T : ovk av B. 
 
 33. 3. c<^t£i B T : ycfiUi cod., ed., KaTrjcfyUi cod. E, St., " He yielded 
 gradually" (though still resisting), whereas rf(f)t€L (d^tr;/xi) would mean "he 
 let go gradually," as d^ierat, 1. 6. c^iet is more forcible and graphic. Cf. 
 Prot. 338 A. 
 
 9. eKcti/o cod., S : cKctvo) B T. While the interchange of avro? and 
 cKetvos in Plato (as Prot. 310 D, etc.) makes iKetvto possible (R. 49), the 
 demonstrative of derision (R. 318) is rather more eftective with the comical 
 weapon. 
 
 1 1 . ovTd) (TixLKpa.<i ed. : ovrto? /xiKpas S K. (TixiKp6<s is the more usual 
 form in Attic, especially after a vowel. 
 
 17. to-^etv B T ed. : icrxoi S ; v. Comm. 
 
 25. wcnrep crt St.: uicnrcp iirl B T, wcnrcpcl Gtlb. K, wa-Trep tov kiri- 
 StaKptvovvTos J. 
 
 34. 26. TovTov ^-qrov/xev Jacobs, ed. : tovtov ov t,-qrovp.€.v B T Cron, 
 TOVTOV ov ^rjTovfxev Gtlb. 
 
 35. 15. (TKOTrovfiev o Cron K : (TKOTrov/xevot B T J St. Cf. R. 262. 
 20. o(TTi^ S : el Tts B T ed. 
 
 36. 3. Koi cVtSei^ai B T ed. : eVtSei^ai Philol. Anz. 1873, 670, S. 
 34. yeyovoTC B : ytydvare T. 
 
 37. 4. vfierepoLs S Cron: vUm B T ed. K suggests the omission of 
 re — TraKTL. 
 
 32. tJ Aoyo) KoX Schl. J : y Aoyo), wcnrep ycVct, koX B T S, r; Aoyo), wa-Trep 
 Slvj], kol Jacobs, y Aoyo), wo-Trep cpKci, koi St., rj Aoyw ro) (" in some way "), 
 oio-rrep yeVct, Kat Keck, rJ ycVti Kai Cholava (cf. Apol. 30 A), rj kol Cron K. 
 
 38. II. avTo cod., ed. : avroJ B T Keck, avTw avrb Orelli. 
 
 28. rjpfxoa-fxivo'i ev Orelli: ripp.oa-p.ivo'i ov B T, S Bad. Gtlb. omit, 
 ripp.o<Tfxivo': ed. 
 
APPENDIX. 131 
 
 39. 25. idv ye. S: iav Se B T ed., idv cod., Ast K. cav Se might be 
 defended by assuming an anacoluth or a desire for emphasis, but ye is 
 simpler. 
 
 40. 5. dpLo-T av B T J Cron : dparra cod. E, St. S K. 
 
 19. rats i/zv^ats B T ed. : ras ^vxos cod., S K. Gtlb. omits. 
 
 42. 2. nXaratats B T ed. : IIvAais Wohlrab. Nothing of the sort 
 appears in Herodotus' account of Plataea, but something very similar is 
 found in his description of Thermopylae. Still, the same ruse may have 
 been practised at both battles, or Plato himself may have blundered. 
 
 8. apTi Ast, ed. : axnov B T St., Jacobs omits. 
 
 44. I. cKTiycrerat B : KTryorerat cod. Bad. The Ionic eKTrjfxxiL is used by 
 Plato fully a dozen times, though almost unknown in Attic. 
 
 47. 24. el-rrelv olov Bad. K omit: ctTretv olov<s re H H., eiTretv olov n 
 Stephanus. 
 
 48. 9. TrpocnljKti B ed. : iTpocrrjKe.Lv T St. S. 
 
 18. TovTov S ed. : tovto B T, tovtov Bekker, St. J. 
 
 49. 12. Eichler would omit iraaa, as ov irada implies that sofne pigs are 
 wise, whereas the proverb is universal in its application. The proverb, 
 however, is always quoted positively {kov vs yvotr/), and, if we take 
 ovK with Kara Tr)v 7rapot/xiav, we get good sense. iraGra merely empha- 
 sizes the application, and anticipates its humorous extension in ov8e Trjv 
 KpofXfxvoiVLav vv. 
 
 30. dyvotia? 2d Basle ed., St. : dvota? B T K Cron. ayvoiav yp. t : 
 avotav B T K Cron. Cf. Phil. 38 A, where iTnaT-^fxr) and ayvota are 
 unmistakably contrasted, though the iMss. read dvota^. 
 
 50. 13. TovSe fir] Keck ed. : ovBe /xr] B T, St., ovSafxy Jacobs, ov8^ i/xk 
 Gtlb. 
 
 51. 13. Koi (TV S: Kol (TV ((TOL b ed.) 80/cet B, SoKCt koI (tv (croi t) T. 
 
 52. 24. oXrjv dvSpeiav cod., ed. : oAt/v av dvSpeiav B T, oXrjv 8rj 
 dvBpetav S. 
 
 53. 2. KOL rd fir] BT ed. : Bad. omits, Cron suggests kol rd firj KaKa kol 
 rdyaOd, Gtlb. K omit koI rdyaOd, Schenkl omits Kat, and understands rd 
 fir] Koi rdyadd as in apposition with heivd — wfirjv ere €vp-^(Ttiv, Bad. Gtlb. 
 omit. J. A. Baumann puts a colon after tvpi^creLv and a comma after 
 aTTOKpLvafievov . 
 
 24. Trpos avTOv B T ed. : Trpos o-avrov cod., S, ov^k Trpo? aavrov Gtlb. K. 
 avTov refers, of course, to mankind in general, av nov B T ed. : av tl S, 
 (TV TToXv Gtlb. 
 
132 APPENDIX. 
 
 LYSIS. 
 
 55. 7. TTopevct and TTopeijo/xat : omitted by Cobet. Cf. Phaedr. 227 A. 
 19. iSt^s Ficinus : eiSfjs B T. avTOv S : avroOi avrov B T, avroOi. 
 
 AvTo Ast. 
 
 56. 6. TTopevo/mevos B T : omitted by S. Cf. Euthyph. 4 A Troppw ttov 
 Yjhrj aocfjcas iXavvovTos and 64. 15, where iroppia without Tropevofxeuos has just 
 the opposite meaning, " far from " ; here it is "far in." 
 
 58. 2. Boko, cod., H : hoKol B T. 
 
 19. ettri 8e (for kol a/xa) ws 'Ep/xaia — 01 TraiScs H puts after ruyxavti a 
 few lines below. 
 
 59. 30. *av* av^pwTTOs; v. App. 4. 20. 
 
 60. 8. TL p.riv S : rtVa /Aryj/ B T. 
 
 14. TTo^ev, 5 S' OS : coJci/ is an echo of eoJei/ av in the sentence preceding ; 
 V. App. 24. 14. 
 
 21. "OSeS: 6 8€BT. 
 
 63. 22. o/aa oTTws B T: Cobet omits opa; v. Note. 
 
 64. 10. After ttoXv Trporepov krolpov B T have /xaXXov 77 avrov Aapctor, 
 which S omits. Socrates would hardly care to have Darius, though he 
 might desire his gold. 
 
 66. 14. (TKOTTOvvraq Schl. : crKoirovvTa to, B T, aKoirovvra H. Schmelzer 
 defends o-KOTrowra on the ground that Socrates really does all the thinking, 
 and Lysis is only a boy. But Socrates never loses his politeness, even 
 with boys. 
 
 67. 3. dvo/xoiov elr} T: dvo/xoiov av et>y B. crx^^l) 7 "^ Bekker: crxoXy 
 ye B T. Stallbaum defends the simple optative by Ar. Eq. 1057, but there 
 the av is carried mentally from the preceding clause ; v. App. 60. 14. 
 
 12. iSco/xcv Tt B T : tSco/ACv et ri H H. 
 
 13. €0-Ttv B : €o-Tt T ; cis rt Schl. 
 
 15. Ixetv B : ex^L T ; S omits. 
 
 24. *0 — ayaTTwrj S : o — dyaTrwrj B T ; 6 — dyaTrwv Schl. 
 
 68. 32. TO) <I>l\ov Ficinus: ro) <^tAa) <^tAov B; toJ ^tXov (fitXov T; rw 
 </)tAa) cfiiXov t. 
 
 69. 7. ovTMs S : tVaJs B T. 
 
 18. SrjTTOv S : dv ttov B T ; v. Note 4. 20. 
 
 70. I. en dv Salvinius and H: eo-riv dvrt B T. dya^ov cod.: dya^ov 
 ov B T. 
 
 6. oTiovv cod. : ortovv rt B T. 
 
 71. 14. TOLovTOLs H : TOLovTOL<i i/^cvScaiv B T. CL7J B T : >J Stall. 
 
APPENDIX. 133 
 
 27. KaKov 6v H : KaKov B T S. tovto 8e B T : tovto Se icmv Cornarius, 
 TOVTO Se KaKOv Ast. 
 
 72. II. y d<^iK€o-^at S : kcu a<J>iK€(T6aL B T, Trptv koI d<f>LKe(r6aL olini Stall. 
 
 17. oTttv Tts Tt Stephanus : o av ti? rt B T, o av T19 H, lax ri? ti Bekker. 
 If we retain o, we must suppose a change in the antecedent clause (which 
 follows) , so that TotovTos does not refer to the relative, but to iraTrjp. Such 
 cases occur in Plato ; v. R. 286. 
 
 74. 21. TTOLTjfxa Kpww M : Troirjfw. /xaKpov B T, TroLtjixa jxdTrjV Ast. 
 
 75. 8. diro/SaXeiv T : dTroXLTreiv "B. 
 
 13. cf>yaofX€v S : Orjcrop^tv B T. Cf. App. 23. 21. 
 25. ouSeV B T : ovSeV; OvStV Ast. 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Abaris, 6. 24 
 
 Accusative, 6. 22, 20. 30 
 
 Address, Forms of, 3. 29 
 
 Adverb after adjective, 5. 22 
 
 Aesop, 53. 23 
 
 Aexone, 50. 12 
 
 Alopeke, 29. 7 
 
 Ambiguity of eS Trpdrreiv, 21. 13 
 
 Tb ra. eavToO irpdrTeLV, 9. 26 
 Anacoluth, 4. 16, 42. 17 
 Anacreon, 6. 9 
 Anaxagoras, 66. 24 
 Answer by repetition, 1. 16 
 Aorist, for present, 36. 20 
 
 for perfect, 11. 27 
 
 with tL ov, 3. 3 
 Article, as demonstrative, 9. 30 
 
 omitted, 27. 12, 31. 34, 35. 2, 40. 30, 
 57. 17 
 
 with interrogative, 55. 10 
 Assimilation of mood, 13. 2 
 
 tense, 20. 34 
 Attraction of antecedent, 25. 6 
 
 to antecedent, 3. 14 
 
 of articular infin., 23. 13 
 
 subj. of infin., 12. 34 
 
 not made, 18. 8 
 
 into relative clause, 21. 20 
 Augment doubled, 11. 7 
 
 Basile, 1. 4 
 
 Blushing, 6. 28 
 
 Boys' life in Athens, 3. 10 
 
 Carians, 37. 3 
 
 Change, from indie, to opt., 5. 2 
 
 infin. to opt., 22. 13 
 
 opt. to indie, 2. 29 
 
 Checkers, 13, 11 
 
 Colloquial usages, 1. 14, 15, 2. 17, 18, 
 3. 27, 5. 17, 9. 27, 15. 14, 25. 30, 
 26. 3, etc.; v. Construction 
 
 Compounds, temporary, 33. 20, 35. 28, 
 36. 7, 37, 18 
 
 Conceit of Critias, 12. 23 
 
 Construction according to sense (v. Ana- 
 coluth), 20. 34, 29. 26, 34. 24, 56. 29 
 
 Crasis, A pp. 6. 13 
 
 Damon, 29. 15 
 Dative, ethical, 60. 28 
 
 of reference, 6. 8 
 
 respect, 38. 28, 40. 19 
 
 with two verbs, 27. 18 
 Definition, 40. 28 
 Delium, 30. 3 
 
 Demes, 37. 26. Cf. 29. 7, 50. 12 
 Demonstrative for relative, 42. 32 
 Dialectic method, 15. 18 
 Dorian mood, 38. 29 
 Dual number, App. 6. 6 
 
 Education, 7. 27 
 Ellipsis, 33. 18, 27, 54. 23 
 Erotic language, 3. 22 
 Etymological construction, 16. 31 
 Examples, 18. 20, 46. 26 
 
 Formulae, for beginning a discussion, 7. 7 
 of anticipation, 14. 29 
 assent, 39. 2 
 assumption, 18. 13 
 conclusion, 8. 25, 35. 10 
 disagreement, 12. 24, 44. 29 
 fuller treatment, 18. 28 
 transition, 3. 19, 22. 20 
 
 134 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 135 
 
 Future, for imperative, 63. 15 
 unrealized, 21. 10 
 
 Games, 58. 29 
 
 Genitive, absolute, 5. 6 
 with Sttwj ex^'j 14. 32 
 with irepL and without, 4. II 
 
 Hemlock, 72. 21 
 
 Heraclitus, 67. 33 
 
 Herodotus, App. 42. 2 
 
 Hesiod quoted, 11. 29 
 
 Homer, 9. 14, 22. 20, 41. 25, 54. 24, 
 
 20 
 Humility of Socrates, 23. 9 
 Humor of Socrates, 18. 20 
 Hyperbaton, 33. 26 
 
 Ignorance of Socrates, 14. 5 
 Impartiality of Socrates, 9. 31 
 Imperfect, in dependent sentences, 20. 
 
 narrative, 32. 28 
 
 for unrealized future, 21. lO 
 
 participle, 4. 12 
 
 philosophic, 70. 25 
 Indicative, in orat. obi., 5. 10 
 
 with ixi], 11. 23, 51. 10 
 Induction, 35. 10, 40. 28 
 Infinitive, articular, 5. 4 
 
 epexegetic, 9. 15 
 
 for imperative, App. 15. 24 
 
 subj. expressed, 22. 17, 33. 14 
 
 superfluous, 62. 17 
 
 with oTi, App. 13. 1 1 
 
 with two verbs, 27. 16 
 Interrogative, in answers, 47. 3 
 
 with participle, 34. 26 
 Introspection, 9. 4 
 Irony, 32. 27, 33. 9 
 
 Krommyon, 49. 15 
 Kydias, 3. 31 
 
 Lamachus, 50. 9 
 Litotes, 13. 33 
 Lyceum, 55. i 
 
 34 
 
 Marines, 32. 28 
 
 Metaphors, 3. 28, 13. ii, 38. i, 26, 45 
 33. 52. 28 
 explained, 46. 5 
 Metonymy, 22. 26 
 Music, 38. 26 
 
 Neuter pron. for fem. noun, 34. 24 
 
 Oaths, 2. 31 
 
 Optative, in or at. obi., 12. 31 
 
 in complementary clause, 12. 31 
 
 iterative, 1. 21 
 
 potential, 9. 26 
 
 Pairs, of opposites, 5. 30 
 
 synonyms, 7. 34 
 Palaestra, 1. 4 
 Pancration, 7. 32 
 Parenthesis, 18. 14, 45. 19 
 Participles, accumulated, 2. 2 
 
 with OX), 11. 21 
 Passive of middle deponent, 36. 7 
 Perfect for present, 32. 23 
 Periphrasis, 29. 4, 34. 24 
 Personification, 25. 9, 45. 31, 51. 34 
 Pets, 64. 8 
 Phalanx, 41. 1 1 
 Plato, genealogy of, 6. 8 
 Pleonasm, 8. 10, 32. 27, 36. 22 
 Plural, of contempt, 32. 20 
 
 stateliness, 57. 1 1 
 Position, emphatic, 32. 11, 34. 4 
 Potidaea, 1. 11 
 Pottery, 37. 6 
 Present for perfect, 36. 9 
 Prolepsis, 4. 14 
 Proverbs, 2. 17 
 Puns, 38. 12, 20, 47. 21 
 Pyrilampes, 6. 12 
 
 Questions, for vivacity, 30. 17 
 
 Reflexive, for middle voice, 63. 9 
 reciprocal, 67. 29 
 with auT6s, 31. 18 
 
136 
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Relative and absolute, 17. 13; v. Attrac- 
 tion 
 Repetition, by avrbs, 7. 16 
 
 careless, 4. '^t,, 33. 22 
 
 from disgust, 48. 33 
 
 of X^7a;, 13. 23 
 
 of odv, &u, 5. 24 
 
 with dpdoj, 8. 20 
 
 with other verbs, 36. 22 
 
 Scythians fighting, 41. 24 
 Similes, 18. 20 
 
 Solon quoted, 6. 9, 38. 10, 39. 6, 65. 9 
 Soothsayers, 48. 7, 51. 34 
 Sophistry, 11. 29 
 Sparta, 32. 12 
 
 Synonyms, distinguished, 2. 13, 7. 34, 
 9. 10, 43. 3, 68. 10, 71. 17, 74. 25 
 doubled, 7. 34 
 
 Tenses distinguished, 1. 18, 3. 3, 28, 21, 
 
 29. 21, 42. 3-5 
 Tradesmen, 11. 32 
 Tragedy at Athens, 32. 7 
 
 Understanding of subject demanded, 
 10. 31, 12. 14 
 
 Verbal adjectives, 7. 5 
 
 Verbs in agreement with predicate, 27. 16 
 
 Virtues, 40. 31 
 
 Vulgarity, 18. 20 
 
 Wells, 44. 25 
 
 Women's conservatism, 57. 18 
 
 Xenophon attacked, 12. 26 
 
 Zalmoxis, 4. 32 
 
GREEK INDEX. 
 
 & for 8, 11. 1 8 
 
 dyuv for dyaydv, 1. l8 
 
 ayujucojv, 10. 33 
 
 ai5(bs, 9. lo 
 
 alaxOvofxai, syntax, App. 28. II 
 
 afrios, syntax, 41. 13 
 
 &Kove drj, 22. 20 
 
 dX-ndi] X^ets, 35. 28 
 
 dWd asseverative, 28. 33 
 
 dXXos pleonastic, 6. 5 
 
 with genitive, 12. i 
 
 with plural, 1. 21 
 AWoTi (77), 16. II 
 dXX' ovx ^^fts, 14. 29 
 
 dflTflXaVOV TL olov, 3. 27 
 
 ftj' emphatic, 28. 16 
 
 lost, App. 4. 20 
 
 to be supplied, App, 24. 14 
 
 repeated, 34. i 
 dvdKptats, 26. 6 
 dj/T^ causal, 61. i 
 
 comparative, 72. 18 
 dTradauarl^eiv, 4. 33 
 d7r6 and iK, 1. I 
 dpri, App. 22. 2 
 fio-jaei'os, App, 1. 2 
 da-TpdyaXoi, 58. 29 
 Arap, 2. 18 
 drexj/ws, 2. 16 
 avrlKa in examples, 47. 1 1 
 ai/rds as repetition, 7. 17 
 
 with reflexive, 6. 33 
 
 ^ovXeijea-dai, construction, 26. 4 
 
 ydp asseverative, 28. 33 
 in surprise, 34. 7 
 
 ye interposed, 8. 2 
 
 y^ppa, 42. 2 
 
 71'aJ^t creavrbv, 13. I4 
 
 8alfiov€S, 75. 32 
 
 5^ repeated, 23. 6 
 
 Se? with definite subject, 33. 26 
 
 Seiv (=r Seoj/), 20. II 
 
 d^os defined, 51. 12 
 
 devpo, 1. 16 
 
 5?7 contrasting, 27. 16 
 
 Sidj'oia and crw/ua, 5. 31 
 
 biaTid-qixi, 11. 8 
 
 So/ce? parenthetic, 33. 13 
 
 with definite subject, 33. 26 
 dopvdp^iravou, 32. 29 
 
 iyyOf], irdpa §' ^r?;, 13. 27 
 
 et dTToS^xet, 14. 15 
 
 el j3oi7Xot6 76, 22. 31 
 
 et aoL (pLXov, 7. 7 
 
 e^Aw and ^e'Xw, App. 14. 7 
 
 el5os, 2. 30 
 
 eUbTOJS final, 32. 1 1 
 
 eiirov not interposed, 4. 30 
 
 iK for ei/, 33. 7 
 
 iK T01JT0V Tov X6you, 8. 25 
 
 ^/cerj/os derisive, App. 33. 9 
 
 ei' ifiavTov, App. 3. 30 
 
 ^j/e/ca and 5td, 71. 17 
 
 id Xoyq., 35. 10 
 
 eoiKe, SoKC?, and (paiverai, 74. 25 
 
 iiri5elKvvixi, App. 32. lO 
 
 fTTtetK-aJs, 1. 15 
 
 €Tr(^br}, 4. 4 
 
 epTOJ/, 32. 18 
 
 'Ep/xata, 58. 19 
 
 137 
 
138 
 
 GREEK INDEX. 
 
 icplri/xt and dcplrj/jiL, App. 33. 3 
 
 ^ 5' 6's, 9. 30 
 rjX'iKOL iyu}, 29, 29 
 ijvlKa, 2. 21 
 
 davfxacTTbu 8(rov, 33. 18 
 
 -I deictic, 1. 12 
 Z5^a, 5. 33 
 ftrws ironical, 33. 9 
 of facts, 39. 2 
 
 Kttt emphatic, 27. 17 
 Ktti 7d/5, 41. 21 
 KcXeiyoj, 27. 2 
 K/)6tos, 74. 21 
 
 X-^KvOos, 10. 16 
 
 fidWov pleonastic, 8. lO 
 fjLavTe^ofJLaL, 18. 13 
 /neyaXoTrpeTTdSs, 25. 3 
 fiiyas Kai /caX6s, 2. 19 
 /i^v asseverative, 35. 32 
 
 in questions, 1. 16 
 fjAvTOL concessive, 40. 27 
 fii} with indicative, 11. 22, 51. lO 
 
 with infinitive, 17. 32 
 tiT) OX), 61. 9, 65. 2 
 fx-qbkv dyav, 13. 27 
 fidvov, 3. 18 
 
 -J/ movable, App. 2. 8 
 with pluperf., 1. 11 
 veavicTKos and synonyms, 2. 13 
 fOi' 5^ — yap, 24. 28, 33. 27 
 
 55e of first person, 29. 21 
 person present, 29. 29 
 ol p.kv — 5^ Ttj/es, 18. 2 
 oI/>iat parenthetic, 48. 9 
 orov, ^re, Cos, 1. 2 
 
 oros scornful, 15. 13 
 
 oXiyov and oXiycf, 12. 26 
 
 (5Xi7oi;, 61. 3 
 
 S/jLoios or 6/xo;os, App. 7. 28 
 
 dfxwfjLOKa, App. 5. 24 
 
 o^^s and raxi;?, 7. 34 
 
 6'7re/) oSj' /cai iy^vero, 3. 1 9 
 
 oirXojxaxi-C; 27. I 
 
 67r6Tc, 49. 8 
 
 oTrws. independent, 5. 17 
 
 App. 5. 17 
 
 with fat. indie. 
 Sttws ai/, 30. 15 
 6'rt quoting, 7. 3 
 6'Tt t/; 9. 34 
 017 fx-r,, 17. 29 
 odv repeated, 5. 24 
 ovTos exclamatory, 26. 3 
 
 referring to first person, 7. 9 
 
 resumptive, 12. 7 
 
 irdvTUJS, 3. 4 
 
 Trapd comparative, 27. 7 
 
 Trap^x^Lv with act. infin., 6. 26 
 
 Tre(T<Toi, 13. 1 1 
 
 iroiiw^ irpdrro}, etc., 11. 27 
 
 Troios scornful, 23. 26 
 
 7roXXd/cis (*' perhaps "), 27. 21 
 
 TToXvTT pay puovetv, 10. 8 
 
 irbrepos indefinite, 20. 23 
 
 irpLv, 18. II, 29. 24 
 
 Trws X^7eis; 34. 28 
 
 p-fljxaTi, 73. I 
 
 (TK^iTTOfxai, 34. 31 
 (TKbirei. (tkottG}, 14. 8 
 
 (TKVTOTdfJiOl, 11. 32 
 
 (a)luLLKp6s, App. 33. ii 
 (ro0^a, 46. 20 
 (rrXeyyls, 10. 16 
 (rvyypdcpeiv, 56. 33 
 (Ti^j' and ^uj/, App. 1. 3 
 
 TO. vvv, 1. 23 
 rdpLxos, 11. 32 
 
GREEK INDEX. 
 
 139 
 
 rdxos and rax^r-i^s, 43. 3 
 
 T€ — ovT€ and ovre — re, App. 
 
 re single, 2. I 
 
 T7]v dpxv^i 67. 27 
 
 tI d^; 16. 22, 33. 20 
 
 TL for TT/jos t/; 14. 13 
 
 Ti limiting adverbs, 29. 3 
 
 Tt oy; 3. 2 
 
 Tis emphatic, 31. 34 
 
 of speaker, 33. 32 
 
 restrictive, 33. 21 
 rb TCL eavTov Trpdrreiv, 9. 26 
 Td'ifidv, 25. II 
 t6 rplrov T(f (TojTTJpi, 16. 5 
 t6 with genitive, 4. 31 
 Toivvv, 40. 30, 43. 14 
 
 23 
 
 roOT6 icTTLv iKetvo, 15. 6 
 
 T^J 6vTi, with proverbs, 49. 12 
 
 vbs, 2. II, App. 
 UTT^p for irepL, 14. 18 
 virc<rxf^o/xai, of teachers, 31. 31 
 U7r6 in composition, 28. 1 1 
 ifiroKipetv, 11. 5 
 
 (i 7ev»'(i5a, 3. 29 
 
 ti /Aiop^, 9. 27 
 
 w omitted, 3. 12 
 
 (a TTtti KoXXa^crxpov, 18. 14 
 
 ws dXrfdws, 20. I 
 
 0)5 eotKC, of facts, 39. 2 
 
 uxTirep dyaXfJLa, 2. 26 
 
PARALLEL REFERENCES 
 
 FROM THE STEPHANUS PAGES TO THE PAGES OF THE PRESENT EDITION. 
 
 [N.B. — For the divisions A, B, C, D, E, reckon seven or eight lines to each; in the Laches 
 often nine lines.] 
 
 
 CHARMIDES. 
 
 
 LACHES. 
 
 
 LYSIS. 
 
 153 
 
 1. 1-2. I 
 
 178 
 
 27. i-io 
 
 203 
 
 55. 1-13 
 
 154 
 
 2. 2-3. 4 
 
 179 
 
 27. 11-28. 24 
 
 204 
 
 55. 14-56. 27 
 
 155 
 
 3. 5-4. 6 
 
 180 
 
 28. 25-29. 28 
 
 205 
 
 56. 28-57. 29 
 
 156 
 
 4. 7-5. 9 
 
 181 
 
 29. 29-30. 32 
 
 206 
 
 57. 3c^58. 33 
 
 157 
 
 5. 9-6. 10 
 
 182 
 
 30. 32-32. I 
 
 207 
 
 58. 33-60. 4 
 
 158 
 
 6. II-7. 12 
 
 183 
 
 32. 2-33. 3 
 
 208 
 
 60. 4-61. 6 
 
 159 
 
 7. 13-8. 12 
 
 184 
 
 33.4-34. :i 
 
 209 
 
 61. 6-62. 7 
 
 160 
 
 8. 12-9. 13 
 
 185 
 
 34. 11-35.27 
 
 210 
 
 62. 7-63. 10 
 
 161 
 
 9. 13-10. 17 
 
 186 
 
 35. 27-36. 29 
 
 211 
 
 63. 11-64. 10 
 
 162 
 
 10. 17-11. 19 
 
 187 
 
 36. 30-38. 2 
 
 212 
 
 64.11-65. 14 
 
 163 
 
 11. 20-12. 23 
 
 188 
 
 38. 3-39. 3 
 
 213 
 
 65. 14-66. 14 
 
 164 
 
 12. 24-13. 25 
 
 189 
 
 39. 4-40. 6 
 
 214 
 
 66. 14-67. 16 
 
 165 
 
 13. 25-14. 27 
 
 190 
 
 40. 7-41. 16 
 
 215 
 
 67. 16-68. 19 
 
 166 
 
 14. 27-15. 31 
 
 191 
 
 41. 17-42. 28 
 
 216 
 
 68. 20-69. 21 
 
 167 
 
 15. 32-I6. 33 
 
 192 
 
 42. 29-44. 5 
 
 217 
 
 69. 22-70. 24 
 
 168 
 
 16. 34-18. I 
 
 193 
 
 44. 6-45. 20 
 
 218 
 
 70. 25-71. 25 
 
 169 
 
 18. 1-19. 4 
 
 194 
 
 45. 21-46. 33 
 
 219 
 
 71. 26-72. 27 
 
 170 
 
 19. 5-20. 4 
 
 195 
 
 46. 34-48. 14 
 
 220 
 
 72. 27-73. 29 
 
 171 
 
 20. 4-21. 12 
 
 196 
 
 48. 15-49. 23 
 
 221 
 
 73. 29-74. 29 
 
 172 
 
 21. 12-22. 15 
 
 197 
 
 49. 24-50. 28 
 
 222 
 
 74. 30-75. 30 
 
 173 
 
 22. 15-23. 17 
 
 198 
 
 50. 29-52. I 
 
 223 
 
 75. 31-76. 10 
 
 174 
 
 23. 17-24. 18 
 
 199 
 
 52. 1-53. 15 
 
 
 
 175 
 
 24. 19-25. 19 
 
 200 
 
 53. 16-54. 16 
 
 
 
 176 
 
 25. 20-26. II 
 
 201 
 
 54. 17-34 
 140 
 
 
 
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