YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

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As Hitler sowedADOLF HITLER :	“ Germany will be a world power or nothing.” (Mein Kampf)

REICHSMINISTER	“ It is necessary to think in terms not only of a national

FRANK :	state but of a world empire.” (22.11.40.)

MARSHAL GORING :	“Remember that the German air force can do 100 to 1,000

times more damage than the British ever do us.” (II.1.41.)

As far back as 1935, German armament factories began to work twenty-
four hours a day, 168 hours a week. Furnaces glowed brightly and factory
windows spread their light throughout the night. Germany’s air power
was to be built up to hold a hapless world in trembling respect. The
Nazi air force was preparing for destruction. What could not be obtained
by threats was to be obtained by aerial bombardment.

This has been made clear time and again by high officials of the Nazi party.

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Ever since Hitler came to
power the Nazis have thought
they could subject the
whole world to their will
by force.

WARSAW

Do you remember
September 1939 ?

Spring and Summer 1940?

All over Europe civilians were
terrorised. There was the horror of
Warsaw. Then Rotterdam, where
30,000 people were blown to bits or
burned alive, “ improved ” the Nazi
record for ruthlessness. After the
fall of France it was London’s turn
to “ take it.” London had to face
the storm of bombers night after
night, week after week. Despite the
harrying enemy the United Kingdom
factories continued to function. The
spirit of resistance grew firmer still.
The nation which had already won
the Battle of Britain in the daylight
summer sky faced the future with
unflinching courage. The Germans
could not destroy a war industry that
became ever more decentralised.
With better searchlights, more anti-
aircraft guns, night fighter planes,
new methods of detecting the enemy’s
approach, defence against the bomber
grew.

It looked so very easy

ROTTERDAM





LONDON

ritain
carried on

A great plan for victory grew under the pain-
ful sting of Nazi bombs in the night. Draughts-
men designed bigger bombers and more power-
ful bombs. Hundreds of thousands more of
Britain’s sturdiest sons started to enter into
long and thorough training for air service in

Britain, in Canada, in South Africa. American
airfields were put at the disposal of yet others.
A long-term policy that would bear fruit in
1942 and 1943 was brought patiently into being.
There would be heavy attacks by large numbers
of aircraft in which millions of pounds worth
of machines, many millions of hours of factory
work would be risked more and more fre-
quently.

The diagram below shows how the United
Kingdom’s factories foiled the Nazi raiders.

... I* ?

“ One plant alone which used to
occupy a single site is now scattered
over five counties in forty-two separate
centres of production. ”

Lord Beaverbrook (23.4.41)Meanwhile Goring was

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We shall not expose the
Ruhr to even one single
bomb from enemy aircraft

Up to October 1941, over 9,000 separate R.A.F. to the Ruhr and other industrial areas
attacks had been made on German towns and in Germany are disrupting traffic. These raids
industries from the North Sea hundreds of destroy train-loads of goods, marshalling yards,
miles inland to Berlin and beyond. Hitler’s -engines and trucks; they interrupt and dis-
industrial machine, geared for total war, is being locate activity and key centres during the hours
smitten to its vitals. Besides damaging of the night when their chief work is carried out.
essential factories, the regular visits of the Goring thought German industry was safe—

but Goring was wrong.

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That spring and summer—
April to September 1941
the R.A.F. dropped

20,000 tons

of bombs on GermanY and
German-occupied territory

All R.A.F. raids have in view the destruction
of specific war objectives. They may be
directed on oil refineries, or on the synthetic-oil
plants which are so vital in the German war
economy, an aircraft factory or key electrical
equipment. At other times they are directed
to warehouses and shipping.

Germany cannot practise decentralisation as
much as she would like because arms factories
need to be as near as possible to coal mines,
heavy industry and transport. Eighty-five per
cent, of Germany’s essential mines and services
connected with war industry are concentrated

This is an early reconnaissance photograph. Duisburg is the principal river
port from which products of the Ruhr are sent down the River Rhine.

DUISBURGin the Ruhr ! Germany could not transfer her
factories on a large scale even if she would, as
her most able men are tied down by army
service. The labour sent to Germany from the
occupied territories is insufficient to man the
factories, let alone to move them. German
factories must face the bombing of the
R.A.F.

For internal transport, Germany has always
placed much reliance on the canal system, and
with the demand on rail transport for military
purposes the maximum use of the canals is of
great importance. The attacks of the R.A.F.

on the celebrated Dortmund-Ems canal have
succeeded in interrupting the traffic for long
periods and throwing back the load upon the
already overburdened railways.

By the end of 1941, the Ruhr’s great railway
centre, Hamm, had been bombed over eighty
times by the Royal Air Force !

Hamburg, Bremen, Hanover and the Rhine-
land are other centres of war industry which
are frequently visited by the R.A.F. Ham-
burg—bombed 89 times by the end of April
1942—is also a port and has important refining
plant for Germany’s precious synthetic oil.“ Our photographs show widespread destruction
wherever our new heavy bombs fall — and they
will go on falling, more and more, night after
night, until the German people, shattered and
disillusioned, decide for the second time that war
is not worth while/’

>> ^

2 tons

bomb-load

1940 The number of individual
attacks by the R.A.F. had already
mounted to the impressive total
of 1,500. Many of the towns
bombed received frequent visits
by small numbers of aircraft drop-
ping bombs weighing 500 lbs. Up
to 100 bombers took part in the
largest raids. At that time the
maximum bomb-load that could be
carried by a bombing plane was
two tons.

6 tons
bomb-load

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1942 Now, two-ton bombs are
in general use, and bombs
weighing nearly FOUR TONS are
being dropped on vital targets. The
heaviest bombers of 1942 can carry
eight tons of bombs at a time.
Germany has already felt the full
weight of attacks by a thousand
planes.

1941 By the end of 1941 Bomber
Command aircraft had flown over
28,000,000 miles. Forces up to
300 bombers took part in large-
scale attacks. Many bombs weighed
one ton—they were soon to be
twice as heavy. Maximum bomb-
load for a heavy bomber was three
times as great as the previous year.

Sir Archibald Sinclair (3.9.41)cale of Britain's
striking power

Each symbol equals 25 planes
taking part in large-scale raids





8 cons
bomb-loadCOVENTRY

November
I4-I5th 1940

250

tons

of bombs in

7 hours

LUBECK

March 26th
1942

340

tons

of bombs in

3 hours

the greatest weight of
bombs ever dropped
on any town in a single
night up to that time.

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“The boot is on the other leg-Mr. wmsto„ churchm225 tons

In six nights April 1942

In the six nights of
the boosted “ Baedeker”
offensive (April 23/24 to
April 28/29,1942) the Nazis
dropped a total tonnage
of 225 tons of bombs.

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in the same six nights

The R.A.F., flying over Ger-
man - occupied territory to
reach its objectives, dropped
on Germany over 1,300 tons,
that is to say, as great a ton-
nage per night as the whole
tonnage dropped by the enemy.

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Not onlY factories, but ports —

GermanY's striking bases
against the U.S.S.R. bombed and blasted into impotence

Four nights’ concentrated bombing reduced The thousands of tons of bombs which, in a
Rostock to ashes. In far-off Rostock, Heinkel few nights, blew warehouses, ships and factories
factories were making planes for the destruction to smithereens, crushed a vital part of Hitler’s
of our Soviet allies. These ports were ripe for 1942 fighting power intended for the Eastern
heavy R.A.F. bombardment.	front.

The most spectacular attack during April, 12 aircraft engaged were able to press home the
1942, was carried out by giant “Lancaster” attack. The target was the factory which builds 50
bombers on the town of Augsburg in Southern per cent, of the German output of Diesel engines
Germany. The bombers flew in daylight for used in U-boats. One V.C. and many other
1,000 miles over enemy territory, and 8 of the decorations were awarded as a result of this raid.1,130 BOMBERS

in a single night May 30th, 1942

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For the first time in the history of Aerial
Warfare. This force, flying in British machines,
was at least twice the size and had more than
four times the carrying capacity of the largest
air force ever before concentrated on one

objective. Ninety minutes’ bombing created
devastation over an area eight times the size of
the City of London. The top picture shows a
factory as it was before the raid, the lower
picture shows the result of the bombing.Noteworthy as the largest raid ever organised
up to that time, the raid on Cologne resulted in
devastating damage to German industry. Many
millions of pounds worth of war factories
manufacturing such war material as Diesel
Engines, Explosives, Fertilisers,-Synthetic Oils,
Chemicals and Machinery, were destroyed by
the 1,130 bombers which penetrated across 150
miles of German-occupied territory before
reaching their target. ‘

Some of the most important factories

damaged by British planes on May 30th, 1942,
were

Rheinwalz—Machinen Fabrik,

K.G. Mauser,

Metallwerk Albert Sonnenberger,
Verdeutsche Metallwerke A.G.,

Vulkan A.G.,

Farbwerke W'A. Hospelt,

Electra Stahldraht Fabrik,

Deutsche Waggon Fabrik A.G.,
Humbolt-Deutz Motoren A.G.,

Nippes Railway Works.

Two nights later a second raid of over 1,000
bombers was carried out at Essen, over the
famous Krupp’s armament works. This raid
has been followed up by yet others which, if
made with fewer machines, have sometimes
borne a yet greater weight of bombs. And this
is only a portent of the future.

PRODUCTS OF KRUPP’S STEEL WORKS

Guns, arms equipment of all kinds, raw
iron, raw steel, railway trucks, railway
engines, steel frames for buildings, equip-
ment for coal conveying in mines, cranes,
lorries, agricultural machines, boilers."... nearly double the bomb load

upon Germany..."

•* From June onwards to the first week in September, just closed, we have dis-
charged nearly double the bomb-load upon,Germany as was discharged in the
corresponding period of last year — and that with much greater precision/'

Mr. Winston Churchill
House of Commons, September 8th 1942

1940

July — Dec.

1941

Jan.—June

1941

July — Dec.

1942

Jan.—June

1942

July—Sept.

Every dey hundreds more pilots get their wings—they are being
trained in Britain, Canada, South Africa, and all parts of the British
Commonwealth, as well as in the U.S.A.

Every dey a large and growing number of great “ Halifax ”,
“ Stirling ” and “ Lancaster ” bombers come off the production lines.

Every dsy the Nazis have to add to the million and a half fit men
on anti-aircraft defence throughout occupied Europe, so depriving
themselves of desperately scarce fighting men.THE HEAVIEST BOMBS

THE LATEST BOMBERSThe enemY knows that the next climax
will be more tremendous still....

AND THE GREATEST
ARMY OF PILOTS THE
WORLD HAS EVER SEEN

There can be but one end. . . the complete disruption
of the German war machine

Steadily the storm will increase in violence.
Raids of a thousand planes—gigantic though
they be—are still but a foreshadowing of what
will come. All the planes, and the men who
flew them, in the first 1,000-bomber raids were

British. There is a tide of machines and men
from America to add its own weight to our still
expanding air force.

Think what this increasingly heavy pounding
at the vitals of Germany must mean.

Germany's labour strength is strained to the utmost.

The Nazis themselves describe their labour
problems as “the greatest of all time.”
Because of the British sea blockade, they must
produce all their oil, all their rubber and most
of their cotton by synthetic means. This calls
for mining and transport of many extra million
tons of coal to the centres of “ ersatz ” pro-
duction. The very petrol on which the
Luftwaffe flies is a synthetic fuel that takes five
times as many men to produce as natural
petrol.

How the R.A.F. alone holds nearly

1,500,000	Germans out of the Reich Army

20.000	pilots
and aircrews

35.000

communications

60.000	head-
quarters staff

600.000

anti-aircraft gun
and searchlight
crews

750,000	wardens,
fire-fighters,demoli-
tion squads, bomb
disposal squads,
rescue parties, first
aid, ambulance and
hospital personnel.

Hundreds of thousands of workers who might
be otherwise engaged are pinned down to
production of these necessary supplies in
factories that are vulnerable from the air.
Evidence of Germany’s man-power shortage
is that at least two million foreign workers have
been forced to leave their homes for German
factories.

Soil which used to feed a hundred people
must now be made to feed many more. It is a
poorer soil, starved of fertilisers which cannot
get through the British blockade.

Germany cannot import food, so that a
quarter of the available German labour force
must now work on the land as against a twelfth
in England. Well over ten million people are
locked up in this frantic effort to wrest more
from German soil—a large proportion of whom
would be free to fight but for the British
blockade.

There is another kind of man-power shortage
—that of the missing. And there are two
million Germans who have been killed in
Russia and who will never fight or work again,
ever, for Herr Hitler.

Now on top of all this, German defence
against Britain’s growing air attack locks up
almost i,$00,000 men, half of whom areengaged on a full-time basis in passive defence
—as wardens, fire fighters, demolition men,
bomb disposal squads, ambulance and hospital
staffs and so on, while the remaining 750,000,
nearly all of whom are regular soldiers or air-
men, are employed in the immense German
active defence system. Some idea of this
system may be gained from the great search-
light belt which stretches across North-
Western Germany. In this belt, which is
nearly 200 miles long, there are groups of from
ten to thirty searchlights every five miles; in
some places the belt is 20 miles deep. Every
large German city, of course, has its own
searchlights. Cologne, for example, has at
least 120, each manned by a crew of about
fifteen.

Anti-aircraft guns with from 12 to 25 men
apiece are in their thousands.

600,000 troops are kept busy with guns and
searchlights in the West; 20,000 Germans are
needed for the Observer Corps; 15,000 for
air raid communications; 20,000, mostly
highly skilled, for the night fighter squadrons;
and 60,000 for headquarters and administra-
tive staffs.

As labour becomes increasingly scarce, so
there will be still less transport, still less food,
still less shelter for the weary workers.

It may well become increasingly difficult for
the Nazis to replace the finished products or
the factories “ rubbed out ” by the growing
British bombing offensive. Where will labour
be found to rebuild, re-equip, re-organise the
factories where chemicals, liquid fuel, metals,
engines are made for new planes, new tanks,
new guns and new ships ? Utterly weary, the
German people may well slow down their
efforts.

Is it not possible that it will become in-
creasingly difficult for the German public—

RAILWAYS AND
COMMUNICATIONS

DOCKS

OTHER INDUSTRIAL
OBJECTIVES

/ i.Z / .A AERODROMES &
/AIRCRAFT AND /AM \ SEAPLANE BASES
MUNITION WORKS,/OIL \

POWER STATIONS, / REFINERIES \	j

BLAST FURNACES / AND STORAGE \	/

V	/ PLANTS	\	/

The above diagram shows the proportion
of attacks on different types of objectives.

docile though they may be—to withstand the
strain of constant overwork, the bad distribu-
tion of their food, and the materials with which
they work, while they watch their factories
burn, their livelihood disappear in the smoke of
the battle ?

Under constant nervous strain and continual
heavy bombing, how long will it be before the
Germans are asking “ Is it my turn next ” ?
Surely the Germans must begin to ponder the
wisdom of their leaders who taught them to
gloat over the bombing of their fellow men in
other lands.

The United Nations will continue to train
the men and turn out the machines in ever-
increasing volume, to double and redouble
the power and frequency of the blows at the
tyrant’s heart. The United Nations are sure
that nothing can stay their increasing power.
They are sure of victory, sure that as Hitler
sowed, so shall Hitler reap !

As Hitler sowed...so shall Hitler reap!

J The enemy knows that the next climax
h i will be more tremendous still.....

THE HEAVIEST BOMBS

THE LATEST BOMBERS

AND THE GREATEST
ARMY OF PILOTS THE
WORLD HAS EVER SEEN

There can be but one end

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