Hanae REE seas iss pte at ae pees oe stb a He seit fee see é i ‘ ? eee ae oe pie 2 5 Has pe pat sh x iia ae é wet ts ‘ EeGhee Sea garn ore ae Sra rere, Be LIBRARY | (i) X006ANN is \\ a ii) IN) YN eZee UN \ Ka 4 \ yoo X \\ wh NUAL v | ‘ INNITI/s NHN WON} — Fy RE os a ir, Al a eM gh 4h A : CALIFORNIA am AF tah tee ese ape jt-= ae oe eneSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA California, as Indian bucks and squaws came from their squalid hovels to sell the trifling products of their industry, and stare at what to them is a perpetual miracle, —the passing train. Five races met upon that railroad platform, and together illustrated the history of the country. First, in respect to time, was the poor Indian, slovenly, painted and degraded, yet char- acterized by a kind of bovine melancholy on the faces of the ] men, and a trace of animal beauty in the forms of the young and jesting with the latter were the negro14 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA porters of the train, who, though their ancestors were as little civilized as those of the Indians, have risen to a level only to be appreciated by comparing the African and the Indian side by side. There, also, was the Mexican, the lord of all this region in his earlier and better days, but now a penniless degenerate of Old Castile. Among them stood the masterful Anglo-Saxon, whose energy has pushed aside the Spaniard, civilized the Negro, developed half a continent, built this amazing path of steel through fifteen hundred miles of desert, and who is king where- ever he goes. While I surveyed these specimens of humanity and compared them, one with another, there suddenly appeared among them a fifth figure, — that of Sing Lee, formerly a subject of the oldest government on earth, and still a represent- ative of the four hundred millions swarming in the Flowery Kingdom. Strangely enough, of all these different racial types, the Mongol seemed the most self-satisfied. ~The Yankee was continually bustling about, feeding passengers, transporting trunks, or hammering car-wheels; the Negroes were joking with the Indians, who appeared stolidly apathetic or resigned ; the Mexicans stood apart in sullen gloom, as if secretly a ___. eee eee: Se a ENWy) n a3 Zi 4 > — LOSSOMING > ) J THESOUTHERN CALIFORNIA /. mourning their lost estate: but Sing Lee looked about him with a cheerful calmness which seemed indicative of absolute contentment~ and his face wore, continually, a complacent smile. What Strange varieties of human destiny these men present, | thought as I surveyed them: the Indian and the Mexican stand for the hopeless Past; the Anglo-Saxon and the Negro for the active Present ; while Sing Lee is a specimen ae eee a of that yellow race which is embalmed in its own conservatism, like a fly in amber. The unsuspecting traveler who has crossed the Colorado River and entered Southern California, naturally looks around him for the orange groves of which he has so often heard, and is astonished not to find himself surrounded by them; but, gradually, the truth is forced upon his mind that, in this sec- tion of our country, he must not base his calculations upon 3 F : . ee : ee mee ey See She ee Sees +h CHARACTERISTIC SCENERY.18 SOUIEERN CALIFORNIA eastern distances, or eastern areas. For, even after he has passed the wilderness of Arizona and the California frontier, he discovers that the Eldorado of his dreams lies on the other side of a desert, two hundred miles in breadth, beyond whose desolate expanse the siren of the Sunset Sea still beckons him and whispers: — ins is the final barriér; cross it, and I am yours.’ The transit is not difficult, however, in days like these; for the whole distance from Chicago to the coast can be accom- plished in seventy-two hours, and where the transcontinental traveler of less than half a century ago was threatened day and night with attacks from murderous Apaches, and ran the risk of perishing of thirst in many a waterless “ Valley of Death,” the modern tourist sleeps securely in a Pullman car, is waited on by a colored servant, and dines in railway restaurants the management of which, both in the quality and quantity of the food supplied, even in the heart of the Great American Desert. is justly famous for its excellence. At San Bernardino, we enter what is called the Garden of Southern California: but even here it is possible to be dis- oo canvases wena gs a WR oxSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 19 a PPOInted, u we expect to find the entire country an unbroken paradise of orange trees and roses. Thousands of oranges and lemons, it is true. suspend their miniature globes of gold against : ]- ] a aS a spo : 2 the sky; but Interspersed between their groves are wastes of sand, reminding us that all the fertile portion of this region has been as truly wrested from the wilderness, as Holland from the sea. Accordimely, since San Bernardino County alone is twice as large as Massachusetts, and the County of los Angeles nearly the size of Connecticut, it is not difficult to understand why a continuous expanse of verdure is not seen. the truth is, Southem California, with 4 few exceptions, is cultivated only where man has brought to When. that it vivifying water. appears, life springs up from sterility, as water gushed forth from the rock in the Arabian desert when the great leader of the Israelites smote it in obedience to Divine command. Hence, there is always present here the fascina- tion of the unattained, which yet is readily attainable, patiently waiting for the master-hand that shall unlock the sand-roofed treasure-houses of fertility with a crystal kev. it can be easily imagined, therefore, that this is a land of striking contrasts.20 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA | next Pass, for example, through the suburbs of Los Angeles, an¢ you will find that, while one yard is dry and bare, the may be embellished with a palm tree twenty feet in height, with roses clambering over the portico of the house, and lilies blooming in the garden. Of the three things essential to vegetation — soil, sun, and water — man must contribute (and it is all he can contribute) water. Once let the tourist here appreciate the fact that almost all the verdure which delights his eyes is the gift of water at the hand of man, and any disappointment he may have at first 6x- perienced will be changed to admiration. Moreover, with the least encouragement this country bursts forth into verdure, crowns its responsive soil with fertility, and smiles with bloom. Even the slightest tract of herbage, however brown it may be in the dry season, will in the springtime clothe itself with green, and decorate its emerald robe with spangled flowers. In fact, the wonderful profusion of wild flowers, which, when the winter rains have saturated the ground, transform these hillsides into floral terraces, can never be too highly praised.SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA a1 w ne eS ALLL LEIS LOLI who visits either Palestine or Southern California when they are bright with blossoms and redolent of fragrance. The climax of this renaissance of Nature is, usually, reached about the middle of April, but in proportion as the rain comes earlier or later, the season varies slightly. At a time.when many cities of the North and East are held in the tenacious grip of winter, their gray skies thick with soot, their pavements deep in slush, and their inhabitants clad in furs, the cities of Southern California celebrate their floral carnival, which is a time of great rejoicing, attended with an almost fabulous display of flowers. Los Angeles, for example, has expended as much as twenty-five thousand dollars on the details of one such festival. The entire city is then gay with flags and banners, and in the long proces- sion horses, carriages, and riders are so profusely decked with flowers, that they resemble a slowly moving throng of animated bouquets. Ten thousand choice roses have been at such times fastened to the wheels, body, pole, and harness of a single equipage. Sometimes the individual exhibitions in these floral pageants take the form of floats, which represent all sorts of22 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA myths and allegories, portrayed elaborately by means oi statues, as well as living beings, lavishly adorned with ornamental grasses, and wild and cultivated flowers. Southern California is not only a locality, it is a type. It cannot be defined by merely mentioning parallels of latitude. We think of it and love it as the dreamland of the Spanish Missions, and as a region rescued from aridity, and made a home for the invalid and the winter tourist. Los Angeles 1s really its metropolis, but San Diego, Pasadena, and Santa Bar- bara are prosperous and progressive cities whose population increases only less rapidly than their ambition. One of the first things for an eastern visitor to do, on arriving at Los Angeles, is to take the soft sound of g out of the city’s name, and to remember that the Spaniards and Mexti- cans pronounce ¢ like the English @ in fate. This is not absolutely necessary for entrance into good society, but the pro- nunciation ‘“‘ Angeelees” is tabooed. The first Anglo-Saxon to arrive here was brought by the Mexicans, in 1822, as a prisoner. Soon after, however, Americans appeared in constantly increas- ing numbers, and, on August 13, 1846, Major Fremont raised atSOUTHERN CALIFORNE. Los Angeles the Stars and Stripes, and the house that he occu- pied may still be seen. Nevertheless, the importance of Los Angeles is of recent date. In 1885 it was an adobe village, dedicated to the Queen of the Angels: to-day, a city of brick and stone, with more than fifty thousand inhabitants, it calls LES = a cer a E E - A —SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA pe a aaggnn ae sis ME Wl itself the Queen of the State. Its streets are broad, many of its buildings are massive and imposing, and its fine residences beau- tiful. It is the capital of Southern California, and the head- quarters of its fruit-culture. The plains and valleys surrounding it are one mass of vineyards, orange groves and orchards, and, in 1891, the value of oranges alone exported from this city amounted to one and a quarter millions of dollars. It must be said, however, that there is less verdure here than in well-cared- for eastern towns of corresponding size, and that Los Angeles, and even Pasadena, notwithstandin ( Oo y their many palm trees, have on the whole a bare appearance, compared with a city like New Haven, with its majestic elms and robe of vivid green, which even in autumn seems to dream of summer bloom. Nevertheless, Los Angeles is clean, and poverty and squalor rarely show themselves; while, in the suburbs of the city, even the humblest dwellings are frequently surrounded by palm trees, and made beautiful by flowers. a 8 Ut genes a Tl UE Cea s * FN wert! ——$—<$—$<—— rs “< ing = = | é F ee dt * J ByeSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 25 Another charm of Los Angeles is the sudden contrasts it Thus, a ride of three minutes from his hotel will bring the tourist to the remains of the humbl which was the presents. » e Mexican village forerunner of the present city. There he will find the inevitable Plaza with its little park and fountain, without which no Mexican town is complete. There, too, is the characteristic adobe church, the quaint interior of which pre- sents a curious medley of old weather-beaten statues and modern lways pervaded by that smell peculiar to long inhabited adobe buildings, and which is called by Steele, in his furniture, and is a : charming “ Old California Days,” the national odor of Mexico. Los Angeles, also, has its Chinatown, which in its man= ners and customs is, fortunately, as distinct from the Ameri- can portion of the city as if it were an island in the Pacitie but it gave me an odd sensation to be able to pass at once from the handsome, active settlement of the Anglo-Saxon into the stupidity of Mexico, or the heathenism of China.26 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA “How can I distinguish here a native Californian from an eastern man?” J asked a residént. “There are no native Californians,’ was the somewhat exaggerated reply; “this is not only a modern, but an east- ern city. Nine-tenths of our inhabitants came here from the East less than fifteen years ago, many of them less than five. We are an old people with a new home.” Ostrich rearing is now a profitable industry of California, and farms have been established for this purpose at half a G@ozen pots im the southern section of the State. Two of them are im the yicinity-of Los Angeles, and well repay a visit; for, if one is unacquainted with the habits of these graceful birds, there is instruction as well as amusement in studying their appearance, character, and mode of life. My frst view of the feathered bipeds was strikingly spectacular. As every one knows, the ostrich is decidedly décolleté as wellSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Dy) as utterly indifferent to the covering of its legs. Accordingly a troop of them, as they came balancing and tiptoeing toward me, reminded me of a company of ballet dancers tripping down the stage. While the head of the ostrich is unusually small, its eyes are large and have an expression of mischief which gives warning of danger. During a visit to one of the farms, I saw a male bird pluck two hats from unwary men, and it looked wicked enough to have taken their heads as well, had they not been more securely fastened. It is some- times sarcastically asserted that the ostrich digests with satis- faction to itself such articles as gimlets, nails, and penknives ; but this is a slander. It needs gravel, like all creatures of its class which have to grind their food in an interior erist-mill ; but though it will usually bite at any bright object, it will not always swallow it. I saw one peck ata ribbon ona lady's hat, and, also, at a pair of shears in its keeper’s hands, but this was no proof that it intended to devour either. On another occasion, an ostrich snatched a purse from a lady’s hand and instantly dropped it; but when a gold piece fell from it, the bird immediately swallowed that, showing how easily even animals fall under the influence of Californian lust for cold. SV¥28 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Sixteen miles from Los Angeles, yet owing to the clear atmosphere, apparently, rising almost at the terminus of the city’s streets, stand the Sierra Madre Mountains, whose copl- ous reservoirs furnish this entire region with water. An excursion toward this noble range brought me one day to Pasadena, the pride of all the towns which, relatively to Los Angeles, resemble the satellites of a central sun. Pasadena seems a garden without a weed; a city without a hovel; a laughing, happy, prosperous, charming town, basking for- g, ever in the sunshine, and lying at the feet of still, white mountain peaks, whose cool breath moderates the semi-trop- ical heat of one of the most exquisitely beautiful valleys in the world. These mountains, although sombre and severe, are not so awful and forbidding as those of the Arizona des- ert, but they are notched and jagged, as their name Szerra mdicates, and scars and gashes on their surfaces giye proof of the terrific battles which they have waged for ages with Sanna ceceimasd a eT ne ne ane ee nT RT Te nee ee Ee aeSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 2 the elements. A striking feature of their scenery is that they rise so abruptly from the San Gabriel Valley, that from Pasa- dena one can look directly to their bases, and even ride to them in a trolley car; and the peculiar situation of the city is evidenced by the fact that, in midwinter, its residents, while picking oranges and roses in their gardens, often see snow- squalls raging on the neighboring peaks of the Sierra. It would be difficult to overpraise the charm of Pasadena and its environs. Twenty-five years ago the site of the pres- ent city was a sheep-pasture. To-day it boasts of a popula- tion of ten thousand souls, seventy-five miles of well-paved streets, numerous handsome public buildings, and hundreds of attractive homes embellished by well-kept grounds. One of its streets is lined for a mile with specimens of the fan palm, fifteen feet in height; and I realized the prodigality of Nature here when my guide pointed out a heliotrope sixteen30 SOUTHERN CALIBORNIA feet in height, covering the whole porch Or a hose: while, in driv- ing through a private es- | | tate: I saw. in r ie Rh GlOse Proxim — | Tin 1a \} Mreviriy *! Ce ‘Bulg ity, sago and . porn.) g date palms, and lemon, orange, cam- phor, pepper, pomegranate, fig, quince, and walnut trees. As we stood spellbound on the summit of Pasadena’s famous Raymond Hill, below us lay the charming town, wrapped in the calm repose that distance always gives even to scenes of great activity; beyond this stretched away along the valley such an enchanting vista of green fields and golden flowers, and pretty houses nestling in foliage, and orchards bending ‘neath their luscious fruits, that it appeared a veritable para- dise ; and the effect of light and color, the combination of per- fect sunshine and well-temSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 33 seven miles distant, with the San Gabriel Valley sleeping at its base, produced a picture so divinely beautiful, that we were moved to smiles or tears with the unreasoning rapture of a child over these lavish gifts of Nature. Yet this same Nature has imposed an inexorable condition on the recipients of her bounty; for most of this luxuriance is dependent upon irrigation. “The palm,” said my informant, “will erow with littl and so will barley and the € moisture here, grape-vine; but everything else needs water, which must be artificially supplied.” “How do you obtain it?” I asked. “We buy the requisite amount of water with our land,” was the reply. “Do you see that little pipe,” he added, pointing to an orange grove, “and do you notice the furrows between the trees? Once in so often the water must be turned On there: and, as the land is sloping, the precious liquid gradually fills the trenches and finds its way to the roots of the-trees.”’ Dealers in California wines declare that people ought to useAN ORANGE wine rivaling in size the great tun of Heidelberg. GROVE, PASADENA. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA prefer- them in ence to the im- ported vintage of Europe, and the warehouses they have built prove the sincerity of their conviction. One in the San Gabriel storehouse Valley is as large as the City Hall of New York, and contains wooden receptacles for We walked between its endless rows of hogsheads, filled with wine; and, finally, in the sample-room were invited to try in turn the claret, burgundy, sherry, port, and brandy. “ How much wine do you make?” charge. ‘In oneyear, wes the reply, “we made a mil- lion gallons.” I thought of the Los Angeles River which I had crossed that morning, and of its sandy bed one hundred feet in Wacath, with a Current in the fo [ Pa eo Lees ee pas eee I asked the gentleman inSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 35 centre hardly larger than tl marked, ‘Surely, in some portions of this land there is more wine “Where do you sell it?” I | ie stream from a hose-pipe, and re- than water.” oresently inquired. - Everywhere,” was the answer, “even in France; and what goes over there you subsequently buy, at double the Price, tor real French wine.”’ It was the old story, and I doubt not t] 1ere is truth in it: but the products of California vineyards , Owing, possibly, to BASE OF THE MOUNTAINS. the very richness of the soil, do not seem to me to possess a flavor equal in delicacy to that of the best imported wines. This will, however, be remedied in time, and in the compara- tively near future this may become the great wine-market of the world. Certainly no State in the Union has a climate better adapted to vine-growing, and there are now within its borders no less than sixty million vines, which yield grapes and raisins of the finest quality. No visit to Pasadena would be complete without an excur- sion to the neighboring mountains, which not only furnish the30 SOUTHERN CALIFORN Les inhabitants with water, but, also, contribute greatly to their happiness and recreation. For, having at last awakened to the fact that comfort and delight awaited them in tl hills, the Californians have ie recesses and upon the summits of their giant the mountain sides, established camping built fine roads along - grounds and hostelries at several attractive points, and, finally, constructed a remarkable elevated railroad, by which the peo- ple of Los Angeles can, in three hours, reach the Sierra Madre, six thousand feet above the sea. 1 trolley takes the tourist with great the crest ot Soon after leaving Pasadena, < ht toward the mountain wall, which, though pre rapidity straig .- senting at a distance the appearance of an unbroken ram- part, disintegrates as he approaches it into separate peaks; so that the crevices, which look from Pasadena like mere wrinkles on the faces of these granite giants, prove upon close inspection to be cafions of considerable depth. 1 was surprised and charmed to see the amount of cultivation w hich is carried to STOVES the very bases of these cliffs. Orchards and orange approach the monsters fearlessly, and shyly drop golden fruit, LOOKINGbo ade | OR TAVERN. ALPINE TEEGEor fragrant blossoms at their feet; while |] ated where the traveler woul late crags and savage wildness. times learn by experience to approach seeing what the snow-capped peaks can do for them in tempering the sum- mer heat and fur- nishing them water from unfailing reser- voirs, men have dis- cerned behind their stern severity the smile of friendship and benevolence. and have perceived that these sublime dispensers of the eifts of Nature are in reality beneficent deities, — their feet upon the land which they make fertile, their hands uplifted to receive from the celestial treasure- house the blessings they in turn give freely to the grateful earth. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ovely homes 39 are situ- d expect to find nothing but deso- The truth is, the inhabitants have come to trust these mountains, as gentle animals some- man fearlessly; and, To reach their serrated crests the trolley car, already men- ‘ : ee : 7 Ac » 1 tioned, conveys us through a wild gorge known as Rubio Cafion, and leaves us to ascend Mount Lowe. cable-road Even those familiar with the MountSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 4O 1 railways, or who have ascended in Washington and Catskil of Lauterbrun- 4 similar manner to Miirren from the Vale men, or to. the summit of Mount Pilate from Lucerne, look with some trepidation at this incline, the steepest part of which has a slope of sixty-two degrees, and, audaciously, stretches into the air to a point three thousand feet above Once safely out of the cable car, however, at the It 15 our heads. upper terminus, we smile, and think the worst 1s over. true, we see awaiting us another innocent looking electric car by which we are to go still higher; but we are confident that nothing very terrible can be experienced in a trolley.. This confidence is quickly shattered. I doubt if there is anything in the world more “hair lifting’? than the road over which that car conveys its startled occupants. Its very simplicity makes it the more horrifying; for, since the vehicle is light, no massive supports are deemed essential; and, as the car isSOU TELE CALEFORN TA Al open, the passengers seem to be traveling in a flying ma- chine. | never realized wines it was to: be a bird, til) | was lightly swung around a curve beneath which yawned a prec- ipice twenty-five hundred feet in depth, or crossed a chasm by a bridge which looked in the distance like a thread of gossamer, or saw that I was riding on a scaffolding, built out from the mountain into space. For five appalling miles of alternating happiness and horror, ecstasy and dread, we twisted round the well- nigh perpendicular cliffs, un- til, at last the agony over, we walked into the mountain tavern near the summit, and, seating ourselves before an open fire blazing in the hall, requested some restorative nerve-food. Yet this aérial inn is only one hundred and eighty min- utes from Los Angeles; and it is said that men have snow- balled one another at this tavern, picked oranges at the base of the mountain, and bathed in the bay of Santa Monica, thirty miles distant, all in a single afternoon. It certainly is possible to do42 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA “a this, but it should be remembered that stories are almost the only things in California which do not need irrigation to grow luxuriantly. I was told that although this mountain railway earns its running expenses it pays no interest on its enormous cost. This can readily be believed; and one marvels, not only fat it was ever built, but that if was not necessary to go to a lunatic asylum for the first passenger. Nevertheless, it is a wonderfully daring experiment, and accomplishes perfectly what it was designed to do; while in proportion as one’s nervous- Hess wWeaLls away, the ex- perience 1s delightful. Livin es proofs of the made in Cal- ifornia are the patient burros, which, previous to the construction of this railroad, formed the principal means of transportation up Mount Lowe. Why has the donkey never found a eulogist? The horse is universally admired. The Arab poet sings of the beauties of his camel. The bull, the cow, the dog, and even the cat have all been praised in prose or verse; but the poor don- key still remains an ass, the butt of ridicule, the symbol of stupidity, the object of abuse. Yet if there be another and a better world for animals, and if in that sphere patience ranks as a cardinal virtue, the ass will have a better pasture-cround than most celebrated orange and lemon districts of the State. Start- ing upon this memorable excursion, our route lay through the world-renowned San Gabriel Valley, a glorious expanse ten miles in width and seventy in length, steeped in sunshine, brilliant with every shade of yellow, emerald, and brown, and here and there enriched by spots of brighter color where beds of wild flowers swung their sweet bells noiselessly , or the light green of orange trees, with mounds of golden fruit heaped in profusion on the ground, relieved the sombre groves of eucalyp- tus whose foliage was so dark as to be nearly bldck. Ocea. sionally, however, our train traversed a parched area which c illustrated how the cloven-foot of the adversary always shows itself in spots unhallowed by the benison of water. In winter and spring, these sterile points would not be so conspicuous, but on that summer day, in spite of the closed windows. dustSOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 47 sometimes filled the cars, and for a little while San Gabriel Val- ley was a paradise lost. For seventy miles contrasts of hot sand and verdant orchards, arid wastes and smiling valley, fol- lowed one another in quick succession, —and down upon it all frowned the long wall of the Sierra Madre. It is a wonderful experience to ride for such a distance in a periectly level valley, and see an uninterrupted range of moun- tains, eight thousand feet in height, rising abruptly from the plain like the long battle-line of an invading army. What adds to its impressiveness is the fact that these peaks are, for the en- tire country which they dominate, the arbiters of life and death. Beyond them, on one side, the desert stretches eastward for a thousand miles; upon the other, toward the ocean, whose mois- ture they receive and faithfully distribute, extends this valley of delight. The height of the huge granite wall is generally uniform, save where, like towers on the mighty rampart, old San Antonio and the San Bernardino Brothers lift their hoary F THE MADRE. SIERRA48 beads. two miles above the sea, — their silvery crowns and dazzling feat- ures Stand- ing out in the crystalline clearness of the atmos- phere as if they had been carvedin high rel 1e i SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA & We sped along, with feelings alternating between elation and dejection, as the scenery was beautiful or barren, till, sud- denly, some sixty miles from Los Angeles, our train drew up before a city, containing asphalt pavements, buildings made of brick, and streets embowered in palms. Sei 4 C rs =a ne | a A PASADENA LEMON TREE, This city which, in 1872, was a sheep-ranch, yet whose as- sessed valua- tion, in 1802, was morethan four million side: but, sav c in the rainy pCGCasOh. ODE looks in vain for the streamFASHION. SAN MEXI¢ LID) ©) THE ) XN I x cy . in this dance are treated from when one is at up fearlessly, b hands. As mig tO possess an which, if a man is bitten, is given to-him at once; ang it 1S. Said that mone of them ever dies from the effects of a snake-bite. Thereligious element in all these ceremo- nies should not be lost sight of, for the life of the Pueblo In- > first to last with the utmost >, N kindness and respect, espe- cially the rattlesnakes, a \ dozen of which will fre- quently be squirming on the ground at once. It is noticeable that the Indians / never pick up a rattlesnake 7 when coiled, but always wait y until it straightens itself out a under the feather stroking, for ge it is claimed that the rattlesnake can- not strike uncoiled. At all events, its full length, the Indians not only catch it ut carry it with impunity in their mouths and ht be supposed, however, the Moquis are said antidote against the poison of a rattlesnake, W HERI THE SNAKES ARE KEPT,LLLERS. DWE CLIEE frElGs OF REGRAND CANON 157 dians is permeated with religion, or superstition, to the minutest details. Thus, it isan interesting fact that vicarious atonement has been a custom among them from time immemorial, and their ca- cigue is compelled to fast and do penance in many ways for the sins of his people. In some of the villages, also, certain men and women are chosen to expiate the wrongdoings of the tribe; and for more than a century there has been in New Mexico an order of Penitents, who torture themselves by beating their bodies with SUMMIT OF A MOQUI MESA. sharp cactus thorns, by carrying heavy crosses for great dis- tances, and even by actual crucifixion. The severest of these cruel rites have, finally, been suppressed by the Roman Catholic church, but it encountered great difficulty in so doing, and the last crucifixion took place in 1891. Such, then, are the Pueblos of New Mexico and Arizona; a race uniting aboriginal Pagan rites with Christian ceremonies: cherishing at the same time their idols and their churches; using to-day their rifles, and to-morrow their bows and arrows; pound- ing occasionally with a hammer, but preferably with a stone; and handling American money for certain purchases, while trading beads, shells, and turquoises for others. Sometimes we wonder that they have not made more progress during the cen-GRAND CANON : ——<—<—<—<———_—_—S—S | } | | | | turies in which they have been associated with Europeans; but it is hard to realize the difficulties which they have encountered in trying to comprehend our civilization, and in grasping its improvements. Even the adoption of the antique Spanish plow, the clumsy two-wheeled cart, the heavy ax and the rude saw, which are still found among them, caused them to pass at one stride from the Stone to the Iron Age, which, but for the inter- vention of the Spaniards, they would not naturally have reached without centuries of patient plodding. Moreover, before the arrival of the Europeans, the Aborigines of America had never seen horses, cows, sheep, or dogs, and the turkey was the only domestic animal known to them. Hence, in ancient American society there was no such thing asa pastoral stage of develop- ment; and the absence of domestic animals from the western hemisphere is a very important reason why the progress ofGRAND CANON 159 mankind in this part of the world was not more fapid. Still it is a remarkable fact that the most ancient race, of which we have any actual knowledge on this continent, is, also, the most peacetul, self-supporting, and industrious, subsisting principally on the sale of their curiously decorated pottery, and the products of their arid soil. We saw here a young man who had been educated in the Government School at Carlisle: but, like most of his race, after returning to his village he had reverted to the ways of his ancestors, disqualified by his birth and instincts of heredity from doing anything else successfully. It was late on the night succeeding our visit to Acoma that we arrived at Flagstaff, and our entire party was asleep. Sud- denly we were aroused by a prolonged shout and the discharge of half a dozen revolvers. Five minutes later there came a gen- eral fusillade of pistol shots, and near and distant cries were heard, in which our half-awakened faculties could distinguish only the words: “Hurry up!” “Call the crowd) “own MOQUI CHILDREN.GRAND CANON the alley!” Thena oruff voice yelled just beneath my window: = “Let her go,” and instantly our locomotive gave a whistle so piercing and continuous that all the occupants of our car sprang from their couches, and met in a demoralized group of multi colored pajamas in the corrider. What was it? Had the train been held up? Were we attacked? No; both the whistle and the pistol shots were merely Flagstaff’s mode of giving an alarm of fire. We hastily dressed and stepped out upon the platform. A block of buildings just opposite the station was on fire, and was evidently doomed; yet Flagstaff’s citizens, whose forms, relieved against the lurid glow, looked like Comanche Indians in a war dance, fought the flames with stubborn fury. The sight of a successful conflagration always thrills me, partly with horror, partly with delight. Three hundred feet away, two buildings formed an ever-increasing pyramid of golden light. We could distinguish the thin streams of water thrown by twoGRAND CANON PACKING WOOD. puny engines; but, in comparison with the great tongues of fire which they strove to conquer, they appeared like silver straws. Nothing could check the mad carousal of the sparks and flames, which danced, leaped, whirled, reversed, and intertwined. like ht. A few adventurous men climbed to the roofs of the adjoining demons waltzing witha company of witches on Walpurgis Nig structures, and thence poured buckets of water on the angry holocaust; but, for all the good they thus accomplished, they might as well have spat upon the surging, writhing fire, which flashed up in their faces like ex- ploding bombs, whenever por- A MEXICAN HOME,162 GRAND CANON tions of the buildings fell. Meantime huge clouds of dense smoke, scintillant with sparks, rolled heavenward from this miniature Vesuvius; the neighboring windows, as they caught the light, sparkled like monster jewels; two telegraph poles caught fire, and cut their slender forms and outstretched arms against the jet black sky, like gibbets made of gold. How fire and water serve us, when subdued as slaves: but, oh, how terri- bly they scourge us, ‘f ever for a moment they can gain the mastery! loo ‘nterested to exchange a word, we watched the struggle and awaited the result. The fury of the fire seemed like the wild attack of Indians, inflamed with frenzy and fanati- cism. sure to exhaust itself at last, but for the moment riotously triumphant. Gradually, however, through want of material on which to feed itself, the fiery demon drooped its shining crest, brandished its arms with lessening vigor, and seemed to writhe convulsively, as thrust after thrust from the silver spears of its assailants reached a vital spot. Finally, after hurling one last shower of firebrands, it sank back into darkness, and its heredi- tary enemy rushed in to drown each lingering spark of its reduced vitality.GRAND CANON THE HEAVENS FROM THE OI! SERVATORY, FLAGSTAFF, Upon a hill near Flagstaff stands an astronomical observa- tory from which distinguished students of the midnight skies search for the secrets of the moon and stars. Few better sites on earth could have been chosen for this purpose, since Ari- zona’s atmosphere is so transparent that the extent of celestial scenery here disclosed is extraordinary. We visited the struc- ture at the solemn hour that marks the hush between two days, when the last sound of one has died away, and before the first stir of the other thrills the morning air. Then, gazing through the lenses of its noble telescope, we welcomed the swift Waves of light pulsating toward us from the shoreless ocean we call space. There is a mysterious beauty about the radiance of a star that far surpasses that of the moon. The latter glitters only with reflected light; but a star (that is to say a distant sun), when seen through a telescope, frequently scintillates with different colors like a diamond, and quivers like a thing of life. Moreover, the moon, forever waxing, waning, or pre- senting almost stupidly its great flat face, is continually chang- ing; but the fixed star is always there. It fills the thoughtful164 GRAND CANON soul with awe to look upon the Sta ry heavens | through such | aninstrument an that at Blaesear | Space for the moment seems annihi- lated. We are apparent- ly transported, as oObDSEFVers, from our tiny TWILIGHT. planet to the confines of our solar system, and, gazing thence still farther toward infinity, we watch with bated breath the birth, the progress, and the death of worlds. To one of the most distant objects in the depths of space, known as the Ring Nebula, the author addressed the following lines: TO THE RING NEBULA. OF pallid spectre of the midnight skies! Whose phantom features in the dome of Night Elude the keenest gaze of wistful eyes Till amplest lenses aid the failing sight, On heéaven’s blue sea the farthest isle of fire, From thee. whose glories it would fain admire, Must vision. baffled, in despair retire ! What art thou, ghostly visitant of flame ! Wouldst thou ‘neath closer scrutiny dissolve In myriad suns that constellations frame, Round which life-freighted satellites revolve, Like those unnumbered orbs which nightly creep In dim procession o’er the azure steep, As white-wine’d caravans the desert sweep ?Ss FRANCISCO VOLCANOE 7, 3 : s ak . ® é RS THE DRIVE THROUGH at, geese. we aaa chee F a WR SESS pS aS ae THE PINES. TYP a Sa RSE SSS wary . - ; % . eo : ¥ ‘ eee Grand ~CGafion “we. had 4 shower every night; the atmosphere was marvelously pure, and aromatic with the odors of a million pines; and so ex- hilarating was exercise in the open air, that however arduous it might be, we never felt inconvenienced by fatigue, and mere existence save us joy. Decidedly, then, it will-ne@t do x6 condemn the whole of Arizona because of the heat of its arid, southern plains; for the northern portion of the state 1s a plateau, with an elevation of from five thousand to seven thousand feet. Hence, as it is not latitude, so much as alti- tude, that gives us healthful, pleasing temperature, in parts of Arizona the climate is delightful during the entire year. A portion of this stage-coach journey led us over the flank of the great San Francisco Mountain. The isolated position, striking similarity, and almost uniform altitude of its four peaks, rising nearly thirteen thousand feet above the sea, have longGRAND CANON made them famous. Moreover, they are memorable for having cast a lurid light upon the development of this portion of our planet. Cold, calm, and harmless though they now appear, the time has been when they contained a molten mass which needed but a throb of Earth’s uneasy heart to light the heavens with an angry glare, and cover the adjoining plains with floods of fire. Lava has often poured from their destructive cones, and can be traced thence over a distance of thirty miles; proving that they once served as vents for the volcanic force which the thin crust ft earth was vainly striving to confine But their activity is ap parently ended. The voices with which they formerly shouted to one another in the joy of devastation have been silenced. Conquered at last, their fires smolder now beneath a barrier too firm to yield, and their huge forms appear like funeral monuments reared to the memory of the power buried at their Dasc.GRAND CANON Painted Desert whose variously colored streaks of sand, suc- ceeding one another to the rim of the horizon, made the vast area seem paved with bands of onyx, agate, and carnelian. About the hour of noon we reached a lunch-station at which the stages, going to and from the Cafion, meet and pass. The structure itself is rather primitive; but a good meal is served to tourists at this wayside halting-place, and since our appetites had been sharpened by the long ride and tonic-giving air, it med to us the most delicious of repasts. The principal ob- ject of one of the members of our party, in making the journey described in these pages, was to determine the advisability of building a railroad from Flagstaff to the Cafion. Whether this will be done eventually is not, however, a matter of vital interest to travelers, since the country traversed can easily be made an almost ideal coaching-route; and with good stages, frequent relays of horses, and a well-appointed lunch-station, a journey thus accomplished would be preferable to a trip by rail.GRAND CANON Night had already come when we arrived at our destination, known as Hance’s Camp, near the border of the Cafion. As we drove up to it, the situation seemed enchanting in its peace and beauty; for it is located in a grove of noble pines, through which the moon that night looked down in full-orbed splendor, paving the turf with inlaid ebony and silver, and laying a mantle of white velvet on the tents in which we were to sleep, Hance’s log cabin serves as a kitchen and dining-room for trav- a a elers, and a few guests can even. find lodging there; but, until a hotel is built, the principal dormitories must be the tents, which are provided with wooden floors and furnished with tables, chairs, and comfortable beds. This kind of accommo- dation, however, although excellent for travelers in robust health, is not sufficiently luxurious to attract many tourists. \ : The evident necessity of the place is a commodious, well-kept inn, situated a few hundred feet to the rear of Hance’s CampGRAND CANON 173 o a On the very ede Oi the Canom at such a hotel, built on a spot commanding the incompa- rable view, were properly advertised and well-man- aged, I firmly believe that TENT AT HANCE’S CAMP. thousands of people would come here every year, on thet way to or. trom. the Pactic coast—not wishing or expecting it to be a place of fashion, but seeking it as a point where, close beside a park of pines, seven thousand feet above the level ofthe sea, one of the great- est marvels of the world can be €n- joyed, im al the ditfereme phases it pre- sents at morn- ing, noon, and night, in sun- shine, moon- lisht, ane, im torm.174 GRAND CANON Early the next morning I eagerly climbed the little knoll at the foot of which our tents were located, for I well knew that from its summit I should see the Cafion. Many grand objects im the world are heralded by sound: the solemn music of Niagara, the roar of active geysers in the Yellowstone, the intermittent thunder of the sea upon a rocky coast, are all distinguishable at some distance; but over the Grand Cafion of the Colorado broods a solemn silence. No warnin: g& voice pro- claims its close proximity; no partial view prepares us for its awful presence. We walk a few steps through the pine trees from the camp and suddenly find ourselves upon the Cafion’s edge. Just before reaching it, I halted for a moment, as has always been my wont when approaching for the first time any natural or historic object that I have longed for years to look upon. Around me rose the stately pines; behind me was a simple stretch of rolling woodland; nothing betrayed the nearness of one of the greatest wonders of the world. Could it 2. PTYARIZONA. OF LF Ui rh EARTH-( 4 AbethGRAND CANON Lp be possible that I was to be disappointed? At last I hurried through the intervening space, gave a quick look, and almost reeled. The globe itself seemed to have suddenly yawned asunder, leaving me trembling on the hither brink of two dis- severed hemispheres. Vast as the bed of a vanished ocean, deep as Mount Washington, riven from its apex to its base, the grandest cafion on our planet lay glittering below me in the sunlight like a submerged continent, drowned by an ocean that had ebbed away. At my very feet, so near that I could have leaped at once imto eternity, the earth was elett to a depth of six thousand six hundred feet—not by a narrow gorge, like other cafions, but by an awful gulf within whose cavernous immensity the forests of the Adirondacks would appear like jackstraws, the Hudson Palisades would be an insignificant stratum, Niagara would be indiscernible, and cities could be tossed like pebbles.ERAND CANON ee As brain grew steadier [ directly opposite, the other and vision clearer, saw, side of the Cafion thirteen miles away. It was a mountain wall, a mile in height, extending to the right and left as far as the eye could reach; and since the cliff upon which I was standing was its counterpart, it seemed to me as if these parallel banks were once the shore-lines of a vanished sea. Between them lay a vast, incomparable void, two hundred miles in length, presenting an unbroken panorama to the east and west until the gaze could follow it no farther. Try to conceive what these dimensions mean by realizing that a strip of the State of Massachusetts, thirteen miles in width, and reaching from Boston to Albany, could be laid as a covering over this Cafion, from one end to the other; and that if theGRAND CANON 179 entire range of the White Mountains were flung into it, the monstrous pit would still remain comparatively empty! Even now it is by no means without contents; for, as I gazed with awe and wonder into its colossal] area, I seemed to be looking down upon a colored relief-map of tl 1e€ mountain Systems of the continent. It is not strictly one cafion. but canons, in many of which the who] away and lost. a labyrinth of € Yosemite could be packed Thus one of them, the Marble Canon, is of itself more than three thousand feet deep and sixty-six miles long. In every direction I beheld below me a tangled skein of mountain ranges, thousands of feet in height, which the Grand Cafion’s walls enclosed, as if it were a huge sarcophagus, holding the skeleton of an infant world. It is evident, there- fore, that all the other cafions of our globe are, in comparison with this, what pygmies are to a giant, and that the name Grand Cafion, which is often used to designate some relatively A SECTION OF THE LABYRINTH.© ¥ ate pet Sea doa Sec a IAs =" S ES eR \ Ee BES; i he ays ve OR gD SS insignificant ravine, should be in truth applied only to the stupendous earth-gulf of Arizona. At leneth, I began to try to separate and identify some of these formations. Directly in the foreground, a savage looking mountain reared its splintered head from the abyss, and stood defiantly confronting me, six thousand feet above the Cafon’s floor. Though practically inaccessible to the average tourist, this has been climbed, and is named Mount Ayer, after Mrs. Edward Ayer, the first woman who ever descended into the Cafion to the river’s edge. Beyond this, other mountains rise from the gulf, many of which resemble the Step Pyramid at Sakhara, one of the oldest of the royal sepulchres beside the Nile. But so immeasurably vaster are the pyramids of this Cafion than any work of man, that had the tombs of the Pharaohs been placed beside them, I could not have discovered them without a field-glass. Some of these grandGRAND CANON 181 constructions stand alone, while others are in pairs; and many of them resemble Oriental temples, buttressed with terraces a mile or two in length, and approached by steps a hundred feet in height. Around these, too, are many smaller mountainous formations, crude and unfinished in appearance, like shrines commenced and then abandoned by the Cafion’s Architect. Most of us are but children of a larger growth, and love to interpret Nature, as if she reared her mountains, painted her sunsets, cut her cafions, and poured forth her cataracts solely for our instruction and enjoyment. 50, when we gaze on forms like these, shaped like gigantic temples, obelisks, and altars fashioned by man’s hands, we try to see behind them something personal, and even name them after Hindu, Grecian, and Egyp- tian gods, as if those deities made them their abodes. Thas, one of these shrines was called by the artist, Thomas Moran, the Temple of Set; three others are dedicated FESPECLIVEly: £0GRAND CANON Siva, Vashnu,. and ae Vulcan; while on the apex of a mighty altar, still unnamed, a twisted rock-formation, several hundred feet in height, suggests a flame, eternally pre- served by unseen hands, ascending to an unknown god. It is difficult to realize the magnitude of these objects, so de- ceptive are distances and dimensions in the transparent atmos- phere of Arizona. Siva’s Temple, for example, stands upon a platform four or five miles square, from which rise domes and pinnacles a thousand feet in height. Some of their summits call to mind immense sarcophagi of jasper or of porphyry, as if they were the burial-places of dead deities, and the Grand Cafion a Necropolis for pagan gods. Yet, though the greater part of the population of the world could be assembled here, one sees no worshipers, save an occasional devotee of Nature, standing on the Cafion’s rim, lost in astonishment and hushed in awe. These temples were, however, never intended for a human priesthood. A man beside them is apygmy. His voiceGRAND CANON 182 J here would be little more effective than the chirping of an insect. The God-appointed celebrant, in the cathedrals of this Cafion, must be Nature. Her voice alone can rouse the echoes of these mountains into deafening peals of thunder. Her meta- oS phors are drawn from an experience of ages. g Her prayers are silent, rapturous communings with the Infinite. Her hymns of praise are the glad songs of birds; her requiems are the moanings of the pines; her symphonies the solemn roaring of the winds. ‘Sermons in stone” abound at every turn; and if, as the poet has affirmed, “An undevout astronomer is mad,” with still more truth can it be said that those are blind who in this wonderful environment look not “through Nature up to Nature’s God.” These wrecks of Tempest and of Time are ineer- posts that point “hse thoughts of mortals to eter- nal heights; and we find cause for hope in the fact that, even in a place like this, Man 1s SUPELiOr £0 Nature; for he interprets it, he finds it’ tt toe thoughts of God, and reads them after Him. NEAR THE TEMPLE OF SET.GRAND CANON The color- (me Of tae Grand Canon is mo less extraordinary thanitsforms. Nature has saved this chasm from being aterrific scene of deso- lation by olo- rifyingall that it contains. Wall aiter wall. turret after turret, and mountain range alter mountaia range, belted with tinted strata, succeed one an- other here like billows petrified in olowing colors... These hues are mot as brilliant and astonishing in their variety as are the colors of the Yellowstone Cafion, but their subdued and sombre tones are perfectly suited to the awe-inspiring place which they adorn. The prominent tints are yellow, red, maroon, and a dull purple, as if the glory of unnumbered sunsets, fading from these rugged cliffs, had been in part imprisoned here. Yet, somehow, specl- mens of these colored rocks lose all their brilliancy and beauty when removed from their environment, like sea-shells from the beach; a verification of the sentiment so beautifully expressed in the lines of Emerson:GRAND CANON ‘IT wiped away the weeds and foam. I fetched my sea-born treasures home: But the poor, unsightly, noisome things Had left their beauty on the shore, With the sun and the sand and the wild uproar.” To stand upon the edge of this stupendous gorge, as it receives its earliest greeting from the god of day, is to enjoy in a moment compensation for long years of ordinary uneventful life. When I beheld the scene, a little before daybreak, a lake of soft, white clouds was floating round the summits of the Canon mountains, hiding the huge crevasse beneath, as a light coverlet of snow conceals a chasm in an Alpine clacier 7 looked with awe upon this misty curtain of the morn, for it appeared to me symbolic of the grander curtain of the past which shuts out from our view the awful struggles of the elements enacted here when the grand gulf was being formed. At length, however, as the light increased, this thin, diaphanous186 ERAND CANON covering was mysteriously withdrawn, and when the sun's disk rose above the horizon, the huge facades of the temples which looked eastward grew immediately rosy with the dawn; west- ward, projecting cliffs sketched on the opposite sides of the ravines, in dark blue silhouettes, the evanescent forms of cas- tles, battlements, and turrets from which some shreds of white mist waved like banners of capitulation; stupendous moats beneath them were still black with shadow; while clouds filled many of the minor cafions, like vapors rising from enormous caldrons. Gradually, as the solar couriers forced a passage into the narrow gullies, and drove the remnant of night's army from its hiding-places, innumerable shades of purple, yellow, red, and brown appeared, varying according to the composition of the mountains, and the enormous void was gradually filled to the brim with a luminous haze, which one could fancy was the smoke of incense from its countless altars. A similar, and even more impressive, scene is visible here in the late afternoon,GRAND CANON A TANGLED SKEIN OF CANONS. when all the western battlements in their turn grow resplendent, while the eastern walls submit to an eclipse; till, finally, a gray pall drops upon the lingering bloom of day, the pageant fades, the huge sarcophagi are mantled in their shrouds, the gorgeous or o colors which have blazed so sumptuously through the day grow pale and vanish, the altar fires turn to ashes, the mighty temples draw their veils and seem deserted by both gods and men, and the stupendous panorama awaits, beneath the canopy of night, the glory of another dawn. ege to see, one afternoon, a thun- c It was my memorable privil der storm below me here. A monstrous cloud-wall, like a huge eray veil, came traveling up the Cafion, and we could watch the lightning strike the buttes and domes ten or twelve miles away, while the loud peals of thunder, broken by crags and multiplied by echoes, rolled toward us through the darkening gulf at stead- decr Sometimes two flashes at a time ran ily easing intervals.188 ERAND CANON quivering through the air and launched their bolts upon the mountain shrines, as though their altars, having been erected for idolatrous worship, were doomed to be annihilated. Occa- sionally, through an opening in the clouds, the sun would sud- denly light up the summit of a mountain, or flash a path of gold through a ravine; and I shall never forget the curious sensation of seeing far beneath me bright sunshine in one cafion and a violent storm in another. At last, a rainbow cast its radiant bridge across the entire space, and we beheld the tempest dis- appear like a troop of cavalry in a cloud of dust beneath that iridescent arch, beyond whose curving spectrum all the temples stood forth, still intact in their sublimity. At certain points along the Cafion, promontories jut out into the abyss, like headlands which in former times projected into an ocean that has disappeared. Hence, riding along the brink,GRAND CANON as one may do for miles, we looked repeatedly into many lateral fissures, from fifteen hundred to three thousand feet in depth. All these, however, like gigantic fingers, pointed downward to the centre of the Cafion, where, five miles away, and at a level more than six thousand feet below the brink on which we stood, extended a long, glittering trail. This, where the sunlight struck it, gleamed like an outstretched band of gold. It was the sinuous Colorado, yellow as the Tiber.190 CRN CANON One day of our stay here was devoted to making the descent to this river. It is an undertaking compared with which the crossing of the Gemmi on a mule is child's play. Fortunately, however, the arduous trip is not absolutely neces- sary for an appreciation of the immensity and grandeur of the Scenery. On the contrary, one gains a really better idea Of these V alon® the Oo riding brink. and looking down at Various points on the sublime ex- panse. Never- theless, a de- scent into the Cafion is es- sential for a proper estt- mate of its details, and one can never realize the enormity of certain cliffs and the extent of certain valleys, till he has crawled like a maimed insect at their base and looked thence upward to the narrowed sky. Yet Such an.investigation of the Cafion is, ater ail, merely like going down from a balloon into a great city to examine one of its myriad streets, since any gorge we may select for our descending path is but a tiny section of a laby-CANON. ANSHD COLORADO R IN a ERE: OF SECTIONGRAND CANON 193 A VISION OF SUBLIMITY. rinth. That which is unique and incomparable here is the view from the brink; and when the promised hotel is built upon the border of the Cafion, visitors will be content to remain for days at their windows or on the piazzas, feasting their souls upon a scene always sublime and sometimes terrible. Nevertheless, desirous of exploring a specimen of these chasms (as we often select for minute examination a single painting out of an entire picture gallery) we made the de- scent to the Colorado by means’ of a crooked scratch upon a mountain side, which one might fancy had been blazed by a zigzag flash of lightning. As it requires four hours to wriggle down this path, and an equal amount of time to wriggle up, I spent the greater part of a day on what a comrade humorously styled the ‘‘quarter-deck of a mule.” A square, legitimate seata & a oiul oP Lary a Faby a Hi. His. 3 8 wr : pat in the saddle was usually impossible, so steep was the incline; and hence, when going down { braced my feet and lay back on the haunches of the beast, and, in coming up, had to lean forward and clutch the pommel, to keep from sliding off, as a human avalanche, on the head of the next in line. In many places, however, riding was impossible, and we were com- pelled to scramble over the rocks on foot. The effect of hours of this exercise on muscles unaccustomed to such surprises may be imagined; yet, owing to the wonderfully restorative air of Arizona, the next day after this, the sever- est physical exertion 1 had ever known, I did not feel the slightest bad result, and was as fresh as ever. That there is an element of danger in this trip cannot be doubted. At times the little trail, on which two mules could not possibly have passed each other, skirts a precipice where the least mis- step would hurl the traveler to destruction; and every turn otGRAND CANON 195 the zigzag path is so Sharp that first the head and tl tail of the mule inevitably projects above tl wags to the mule below, yen the 1€ abyss, and wig- Moreover, though not a vestige of a parapet consoles the dizzy rider, in several pl simply puts its feet together and toboggans down the smooth aces the animal face of a slanting rock, bringing up at the bottom with a jerk that makes the tourist see a large variety of constellations, and even causes his beast to belch forth an invo] untary roar of disenchantment, or else to try to pulverize his immediate successor. In such a place as this Nature seems pitiless and cruel; and one is impressed with the reflection that a million lives might be crushed out in any section of this maze of gorges and not a feature of it would be Changed. There is however, a fascination in gambling with danger, wl able prize is to be gained. 1en a desir- The stake we risk may be our lives, yet, when the chances are in our favor, we often love to match excitement against the possibility of death; and even at the end, when we are safe, a sigh sometimes escapes us, as when the curtain falls on an absorbing play. — 4 ; } j B | } a) t cy A YAWNING CHASMAs we de- scended, it orew warmer, not only from the greater elevation of tHe Sun aL noon, bit from the fact that in this sudden drop of six. thot sand feet we had passed through sev- eral zones of temperature. Snow, for ex- ample, may be covering the summits of the moun- the bottom of the Cafion are tains in midwinter, while at and vernal flowers. When, aiter two or we looked back at our summer warmth three hours of continuous descent, 7 starting-point, it seemed incredible that we had ever above us, and were stood upon the pinnacles that towered so far ly piercing the slowly moving clouds. The effect was apparent Instinc- that of looking up from the bottom of a cigantic well. tively I asked myself if I should ever return to that distant upper world, and it gave me a memorable realization of my in- dividual insignificance to stand in such a sunken solitude, and realize that the fissure I was exploring was only a single loop in a vast network of ravines, which, if extended in a straight line,GRAND CANON 197 would make a cafion seven hundred miles in leneth. “lit was with relief that we reached, at last, the terminus of the lateral ravine we had been following and at the very bottom of the Cafion rested on the bank of the Colorado. The river is a little freer here than elsewhere in its tortuous course, and for some hundred feet is less compressed by the grim granite cliffs which, usually, rise in smooth black walls hundreds of feet in almost vertical height, and for two hundred miles retain in their embrace the restless, foaming flood that has no other avenue of escape. The navigation of this river by Major J. W. Powell, in 1869, was one of the most daring deeds of exploration ever achieved by man, and the thrilling story of his journey down the Colorado, for more than a thousand miles, and through the entire length of the Grand Cafion, is as exciting as the most sensational ro- mance. Despite the remonstrances of friends and the warnings of friendly Indians, Major Powell, with a flotilla of four boats and nine men, started down the river, on May 24th, from Green River City, in Utah, and, on the 30th of August, had completed his stupendous task, with the loss of two A CABIN ON THE TRAIL.GRAND CANON ZZ LEE: PEE boats “and four men. Of the latter, one had deserted at an early a@e| date and es- caped; butthe remaining three, unwill- ing to brave any longerthe terrors of the unknown Canfion, aban- doned the ex- pedition and tried to return through the desert, but were massacred by Indians. It is only when one stands beside a portion of this lonelv river, and sees it shooting stealthily and swiftly from a.rift in the Titanic cliffs and disappear- | ing mysteriously be- tween dark gates of Sranite, that he re- alizes what a heroic exploit the first navi- cation of this river lis Sy was: fornothing had pons been known of its imprisoned course Pharough this en fanrlement of chasms, or could be known, save by exGRAND CANON 199 ploring it in boats, so difficult of access were, and are, the two or three points where it is possible for a human being to reach its perpendicular banks. Accordingly, when the valiant navigators sailed into these mysterious waters, they knew that there was almost every chance against the possi- bility of a boat’s living in such a seething current, which is, at intervals, punctured with a multitude of tusk-like rocks, tor- tured into rapids, twisted into whirlpools, or broken by falls; while in the event of shipwreck they could hope for little save naked precipices to cling to for support. Moreover, after a heavy rain the Colorado often rises here fifty or sixty feet under the veritable cataracts of water which, for miles. stream directly down the perpendicular walls, and make of it a maddened tor- rent wilder than the rapids of Niagara. All honor, then, to Powell and his comrades who braved not alone the actual dan- gers thus described, but stood continually alert for unknown perils, which any bend in the swift, snake-like river might dis- close, and which would make the gloomy groove through which they slipped a black-walled oub/iette, or gate to Acheron.ERRAND CANON If any river in the world should be regarded with super- stitious reverence, it is the Colorado, for it represents to us, albeit in a diminished form, the element that has produced the miracle of ‘the Arizona Cafion,— water. . Far back im- vac distant Eocene Epoch of our planet’s history, the Colorado was the outlet of an inland sea which drained off toward thePaciic, as the country of northwestern Arizona GRAND CANON 201 rose: and the Grand Cafin illustrates, on a stupendous scale, the system of erosion which, in a entire resion, At first one likes to think of the excava- tion of this awiul chasm as the result of some tremendous cataclysm of Nature; but, in reality, it has all: been done by water, assisted, no doubt, by the subtler action of the winds and storms im ~flie disintegration of the lesser degree, has deeply furrowed the MONSTER CLIFFS, AND A. NOTCH IN THE CANON WALL.ERAND CANON monster cliffs, which, as they slowly crumbled into dust, were carried downward by the rains, and, finally, were borne off by the omnivorous river to the sea. But though, at first, these agents do not seem as forceful and extraordinary as a single terrible catastrophe, the slow results thus gained are even more impressive. For what an appalling lapse of time must have been necessary to cut down and remove layers of sandstone, marble, and granite, thousands of feet in thickness; to carve the mighty shrines of Siva and of Vishnu, and to etch out these scores of interlacing canons! To calculate it one must reckon a century for every turn of the hourglass. It is the story of a struggle maintained for ages between the solid and the fluid elements, in which at last the yielding water won a victory over adamant. It is an evidence, too, of Nature’s patient methods; a triumph of the delicate over the strong, the liquid over the solid, the transitory over the enduring. At present, the softer material has been exhausted and the rapacious river, shrunken in size, must satisfy itself by enawing only the archaic granite which still curbs its course. o>GRAND CANON bo © OO OSG RS LACING CANONS. Yet if this calculation overpowers us, what shall we say of the reflections awakened by the fact that all the limestone cliffs along the lofty edges of the Cafion are composed of fossils, — the skeletons of creatures that once lived here covered: by, am ocean, and that ten thousand feet of strata, which formerly towered above the present summits of the Cafion walls, have been eroded and swept downward to the sea! Hence, were the missing strata (all of which are found in regular sequence in the high plateaus of Uta) “estored, this (Canon would be sixteen thousand feet im depth, and irom ms ponders ome could look down upon a mountain higher than Mont Blanc! To calculate the zons implied in the repeated elevations and subsidences which made this region what it is would be almost to comprehend eternity. In sucha retrospect centuries crumble and disappear into the gulf of Time as pebbles into the Cafion of the Colorado. On my last evening im the pine tree camp I leony my rem and walked alone to the edge of the Grand Cafion. The night was white with the splendor of the moon. A shimmering lake204 GRAND CANON of silvery vapor rolled its noiseless tide against the mountains, and laved the terraces of the Hindu shrines. The lunar radi- ance, falling into such profundity, was powerless to reveal the plexus of subordinate canons, and even the temples glimmered through the upper air like wraiths of the huge forms which they reveal by day. Advancing cautiously to an isolated point upon the brink, I lay upon my face, and peered down into the spectral void. No voice of man, nor cry of bird, nor roar of beast resounded through those awful corridors of silence. Even thought had no existence in that sunken realm of chaos. I felt as if I were the sole survivor of the deluge. Only the melan- choly murmur of the wind ascended from that sepulchre of centuries. It seemed the requiem for a vanished world.VYVELEOWSIONE NATIONAL takYU Nae Soff ¥| ¢ / | A N certain portions of our globe Almighty God has set a special imprint of divinity. The Alps, the Pyr- énées, the Mexican volcanoes, the solemn grandeur of Norwegian fjords, the sacred Mountain of Japan, and the sublimity of India’s Hama- layas—at differen t | | epochs im a | life of travel —had filled my soul with awe and ad= miration. But, Since “time summer of FS@Q6; there has been ranked with these in iy remembrance LONE STAR GEYSER. the . country, of the Yellowstone. Two-thirds across this continent, hidden away in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, eight thousand208 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK THE GROTTO, GEYSER’'S CONE. feet above the level of the sea, there lies a marvelous section of our earth, about one-half as large as the State of Connecti- cut. On three sides this is guarded by lofty, well-nigh inacces- sible mountains, as though the Infinite Himself would not allow mankind to rashly enter its sublime enclosure. In this respect our Government has wisely imitated the Creator. It has pro- claimed to all the world the sanctity of this peculiar area. It has received it as a gift from God and, as His trustee, holds it for the welfare of humanity. We, then, as citizens of the United States, are its possessors and its guardians. It is our National Park. Yet, although easy of access, most of us let the years go by without exploring it! How little we realize what a treasure we possess is proven by the fact that, until recently, the ma- jority of tourists here were foreigners! I thought my pte- vious store of memories was rich, but to have added to it the recollections of the Yellowstone will give a greater happiness to life while life shall last. Day after day, yes, hour atterYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 209 hour, within the girdle of its snow-capped peaks I looked upon a constant series of stupendous sights —a blending of the beautiful and terrible, the strange and the sublime — which were, moreover, so peculiar that they stand out distinct and different from those of every other portion of our earth. To call our National Park the “ Switzerland of America” would be absurd. It is not Switzerland: it is not Iceland? it is not Norway; it is unique; and the unique cannot be com- pared. If I were asked to describe it in a dozen lives: al should call it the arena of an enormous amphitheatre. Its architect was Nature; the gladiators that contended in it were volcanoes. During unnumbered ages those gladiators struggled to surpass one another in destruction by pouring forth great floods of molten lava. Even now the force which animated them still shows itself in other forms, but harmlessly ) much as a captive serpent hisses though its fangs are drawn. ENTRANCE TO THE PARK.VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 210 But the volcanoes give no sign of life. They are dead actors in a fearful tragedy performed here countless centuries before the advent of mankind, with this entire region for a stage, and for their only audience the sun and stars. I shall never forget our entrance into this theatre of sub- lime phenomena. The Pullman car, in which we had taken jlaces at St. Paul, had carried us in safety more than a our ] thousand miles and had left us at the gateway of the park. Before us was a portion of the road, eight miles in length, leads the tourist to the Mammoth Springs Hotel. “On which le one side an impetuous river shouted a welcome as we rode along. Above us rose gray, desolate cliffs. They are vol- canic in their origin. The brand of fire is on them ai. They are symbolic, therefore, of the entire park; for fire and water are the two great forces here which have, for ages, struggled for supremacy.YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL da |i) — is i. i = fay if u oie eae ae i VAL AN ES 4 ; RY nee ———S Ft ae , oa ae oo +e, as < - he . ae & + = , S = ae Sa ™ oe. iat > x 2 a — > ~ es = vie = 3 Se ee os ae Dae ere srg = —<— THE MAMMOTH SPRINGS HOTEL. Oe oe eee — No human being dwells upon those dreary crags, Dut at one point, as I looked up at them, I saw — poised statue-like above a mighty pinnacle of rock —a solitary eagle. Pausing, with outstretched wings above its nest, it seemed to look dis- dainfully upon us human pygmies crawling far below. Living at such a height, in voluntary isolation, that king of birds appeared the very embodiment of strength and majesty. Call i a touch ot superstition, if you will, yet I confess it thrilled me to the heart to find that here, above tl 1€ VELy Cntrance to the Wonderland of our Republic, th ere should be stationed midway between earth and heaven, like a watchful sentinel, our national bird, —the bird of freedom! At length a sudden turn revealed to us OUr fist dhalt ing-place within the Park, —the Mammoth Springs Hotel. The structure in itself looked mammoth as we approached it, for its portico exceeds four hundred feet in length. Our firstYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL Packis 212 impressions were agree- able. Porters rushed forth and helped us to alight, and on the broad piazza the mandeer Le ceived us cor- dially. Every- thing had the Bet GO. le established Summer 1 sort. shis, | contess, surprised me greatly, as I had ex- pected primitive accommodations, and supposed that, though the days of camping-out had largely passed away, the resting-places ‘in the Park were still so crude that one would be glad to leave | here with pleasure long after all the The furniture, though them. But I lingerec wonders of the Park had been beheld. es . e simple, is suf- | feient<; to satisly our national ner- vousness, the halis are so well - stocked with rocking- ie ae Ghats ropean visitors look about5 I 1 ( SPRII eel MAM M<(YEELOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 215 them with alarm, and try to find some seats that promise a more stable equilibrium: the sleeping-rooms are scrupulously clean; soft blankets, snow-white sheets, and comfortable beds and the staff of colored steam-heat, a bell-boy Service, and electric lights made us forget our assure a S00d migh’Ss pest. waiters in the dining-room, distance from great cities and the haunts of aren Moreover, what is {eUe OL this of the other hotels within the Parl I add that well-cool is true, as well, <; and when . . ~ . y \ tinctly visible, for the light fs »\ s i fe , . film of water pulsates . over it so delicately that if Gan MO: More hide the filigree beneath than a thin veil con- ceals a face. It is a melancholy fact that were it not for United States troops, these beautiful objects would be mutilated SINS by . relic- hunters. Hence, ~ another duty of our soldiers 1s to watch the formations constantly, NDOR.” ‘6 SEPULCHRES OF VANISHED SPI a lest tourists should break off spect- mens, and ruin them forever, and lest still more ignoble vandals, whose fingers itch for notoriety, should write upon these ‘lorious works of nature their worthless names, and those of Oo I D the towns unfortunate enough Ke All to have produced them. - “ possible measures are & faken to prevent this vandalism. Thus, every | tourist entering the ike | Q : ; Park must register Nyy tp his “name. Most aid tae ag ee ee a : j aft ar H 7 f 4 travelers do so, as ati ane a matter of course, \igee’’ ‘ Me aH: at the hotels, -but 4 : ; even the arrivals of who come _ here thoseYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 231 to camp must be duly recorded at the Superintendent’s office. It a soldier sees a name, or even initials, written on the stone, he telephones the fact to the Military Governor. At once the lists are scanned for such a name... |f f ‘ound, the Superintendent wires an order to have the man arrested, and so careful is the search for all defacers, that the offending party is, usually, found before he leaves the Park. Then the Superintendent, like the Mikado, makes the punishment fit the crime. A scrubbing brush and laundry soap are given to the desecrator, apd he is made to go back. per- haps forty miles or more, and with his own hands wash away the proofs of his disgrace- ful vanity. Not long a a young man go was arrested sto x —————_i at six o'clock in the morn- ing, made to leave his bed, and march without his breakfast several] miles, to prove that he could be as skillful with a brush as with a pencil. After spending several days at the Mammoth Hot Springs, we started out to explore the greater marvels that awaited us in the interior. The mode of travel through the Park is a succession of coaching-parties over a distance of one hun- dred and eighty miles. The larger vehicles are drawn by six,PARK YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL horses, well fed, well groomed, Park the smaller ones by four, strong high spirited, yet sate. This feature of our National astonished me. I had formed no idea of its perfection or its magnitude. Here, enough to for example, are vehicles accommodate seven hundred tourists for a continuous journey ottive days! Here, too, are five hundred horses, all of which can be harnessed at twenty-four hours’ notice; and, sint the Park is so remote, here also > are the company’s blacksmith es and repair shops. Within the stables, also, are the beautt- fully varnished coaches, ee, =6varying in cost irom one is. A A LO TWO thousand aollars, and made in Concord, os | New Hampshire, twenty- five hundred miles away On one of these I read the number, “133.” ‘‘ Why did you adda the. fraction ? ” 2 | inquired of the Manager ol = oo ava t > —_— ae “/ «~t-< se ) \¢ a2 “ - ransportation. Because, he re- ome travelers would not take aYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 233 number thirteen coach. They feared a breakdown or a tumble into the river; so I put on the half to take ill-luck away. 1 dwell at length upon these practical details, because I have found that people, in general, do not know them. Most Americans have little idea whether the driving distance in the Park is ten miles, or a hundred. Especially are they ignorant of the fact that they may leave the coaches at any Point, remain at a hotel as long as they desire, and then resume their journey es ll — \\ ) in other vehicles, without the least additional expense for transportation, precisely as one uses a stop-over ticket on a railroad. The fact that it is possible to go through the Park in four or five days is not a reason why it is best to do so. Hundreds of tourists make the trip three times as rapidly as they would were they aware that they could remain comfortably for months. When this is better known, people will travel here234 VMEEEOWSEONE NATIONAL PARK more leisurely. Even now, parents with little children some- times leave them at the Mammoth Springs Hotel in charge of nurses, and receive messages by telephone every day to inform them how they are. An important consideration, also, for invalids is the fact that two skilled surgeons, attendant OM tre army, ave always ‘casily accessible. Moreover, the climate of the Park in summer is delightful. It is true, the sun beats down at noonday fiercely, the thin air offering scant resistance to its rays, but in the shade one feels no heat at all. Light overcoats are needed when the sun goes down. There is scarcely a night here, through the year, which passes without frost. To me the pure dry air of that great height was more invigorating than any I had ever breathed, save,YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 235 possibly, that of Norway, and it is, probably, the tonic of the atmosphere that renders even the invalid and agéd able to support long journeys in the Park without exhaustion. In all these years no tourist has been made ill here by fatigue. A few miles after leaving the Hot Springs, we reached the entrance to a picturesque ravine, the tawny color of whose rocks has given it the name of Golden Gate. This is, alike, the entrance to, and exit from, the inner sanctuary of this land of marvels. Accordingly a solitary boulder, detached from its com- panions on the cliff, seems to be stationed at this portal like a sentinel to watch all tourists who come and go. At all events it echoes to the voices of those who enter almost as eager as seekers after gold; and, a week later, sees them return, browned by the sun, invigorated by the air, and joyful in the acquisition of incomparable memories. Emerging from this Golden Gate, I looked about me with surprise, as the narrow walls of the ravine gave place to a plateau surrounded everywhere by snow-capped mountains, from THE GOLDEN GATE, LOOKING OUTWARD.230 VELLOWSRONE NATIONAL PARK a) which the Indians believed one could obtain a view of Paradise. Across this area, like a railroad traversing a prairie, stretched the driveway for our carriages. “Do tourists usually seem delighted with the park? 1 asked our driver. iva. memepued, ~ Of course I cannot understand the words of the foreigners, but their excited exclamations show their great enthusiasm. I like the tourists,” he continued, “they are so grateful for any little favor! One of them said to me the other day, ‘Is the water here good to drink: = “Not always,’ I replied, ‘you must be careful.’ At once he pressed my hand, pulled out a flask, and said, ‘I thank you!” While crossing the plateau we enjoyed an admirable view ofYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 the loftiest of the mountains which form, around the Park, a rampart of protection. Its sharply pointed summit pierces the transparent air more than eleven thousand feet above the sea, and it is well named Electric Peak, since it appears to be a storage battery for all of the Rocky Mountains. Such are the mineral deposits on its sides, that the best instruments of engi- neers are thrown into confusion, and rendered useless, while the lightning on this favorite home of electricity is said to be unparalleled. Presently a turn in the road revealed to us a dark-hued mountain rising almost perpendicularly from a lake. Marvelous to relate, the material of which this mountain is composed is jet- black glass, produced by volcanic fires. The very road on which we drove between this and the lake also consists of glass too hard to break beneath the wheels. The first explorers found this obsidian cliff almost impassable; but when they ascertained of what it was composed, they piled up timber at its base, and set it on fire. When the glass was hot, they dashed upon the heated mass cold water, which broke it into fragments. ThenVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK N 40 with huge levers, picks, and shovels, they pushed and pried the shining pieces down into the lake, and opened thus a wagon-road a thousand feet in length. The region of the Yellowstone was to most Indian tribes a place of horror. Thev trembled at the awful sights they here beheld. But the obsidian cliff was precious to them all. Its substance was as hard as flint, and hence well suited for their arrow-heads. This mountain AN INDIAN CHIEF. of volcanic glass was, therefore, the ereat Indian armory; and as such it was neutral ground. Hither all hostile tribes might come for implements of war and then depart unharmed. While they were here a sacred, inter- tribal oath protected them. An hour later, those very warriors might meet in deadly combat, and turn against each other’s breasts the weapons taken from that laboratory of an unknown power. Can we wonder that, in former times, when all this region was still unexplored, and its majestic streams rolled nameless through a trackless wilderness, the statements of the few brave men who ventured into this enclosure were disbelieved by all who heard them? One old trapper became so angry when his stories of the place were doubted, that he deliberately revenged himself by 1 venting tales of which Miinchhau- | sen would have been proud. Thus, he declared, that one day when he was hunting here he Saye a vemk, tle tred at it, but without result. The animal did not even notice him. He fired again, yet the big bear kept on grazYELEOWSTONE NATIONA EY BARE 241 ing. The hunter in astonishment then ran forward, but sud- denly dashed against a solid mountain made of glass. Through that, he said, he had been looking at the animal. Unspeakably finally walked around the mountain, and was just amazed, he taking aim again, when he discovered that the glass had acted like a telescope, and that the bear was twenty-five miles away |! Not far from the volcanic cliff which gave the trapper inspiration for his story, we reached one of the most famous basins of the Park. In briefest terms, these basins are the spots in the arena where the crust is thinnest. They are the trap-doors in a volcanic stage through which the fiery actors in the tragedy of Nature, which is here enacted, come upon the SEENE. [itepalty. they are the vents through which the steam and boiling water can escape. In doing so, however, the water, as at the Mammoth Springs, leaves a sediment of pure white lime or silica. Hence, from a distance, these basins look like desolate expanses of white sand. Beside them always flows a river which carries off the boiling water to the outer world.No illustration can do justice to what is called the Norris Basin, but it is horrible enough to test the strongest nerves. Having full confidence in our cuide (the Park photographer) we ventured with him, outside the usual track of tourists, and went where all the money of the Rothschilds would not have tempted us to go alone. The crust beneath our feet was hot, and often quivered as we walked. A single misstep to the right or left would have been followed by appalling con- sequences. Thus, a careless soldier, only a few days before, had broken through, and was then lying in the hospital with both legs badly scalded. Around us were a hundred vats of water, boiling furiously; the air was heavy with the fumes of sulphur; and the whole expanse was seamed with cracks and honeycombed with holes from which a noxious vapor crept out to pollute the air. I thought of Dante’s walk through hell, and called to mind the burning lake, which he describes, from which the wretched sufferers vainly sought to free themselves. Leaving, at last, this roof of the infernal regions, Just as we again stood apparently on solid eround, a fierce explosion close-S TATION. A CAMPIN( on eee 2 oe By bi BS ome LIEN,VELEOWSTONE NATION AT PARK 245 beside us caused us to start and run for twenty feet. Our guide laughed heartily. “Come back.” he said, “don't be airaid—~ [cis only a baby geyser, five years old.” In fact, in [591, a sudden outburst of volcanic fury made an opening here, through which, at intervals of thirty minutes, day and night, hot water now leaps forth in wild contusion. © his, then. is a geyser!” I exclaimed. Bab)? said the guide, contemptuously, “if you had seen the real this.” geysers in the Upper Basin, you would not look at Meantime, for half an hour we had been hearing, more and more distinctly, a dull, persistent roar, like the escape of steam from a transatlantic liner. At last we reached the cause. It is a mass of steam which rushes from an opening in the ground, summer and winter, year by year, in one unbroken volume. The rock around it is as black as jet; hence it is called the Black Growler. Think of the awful power confined beneath the240 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK surface here, when this one angry voice can be distinctly heard four miles away. Choke up that aperture, and what a terrible convulsion would ensue, as the accumulated steam burst its prison walls! It is a sight which makes one long to lift the cover from this monstrous caldron, learn the cause of its stupendous heat, and trace the complicated and mysterious aqguecucts through which the steam and water make their way. Returning from the Black Growler, we halted at a lunch-station, the manager Bio woieh ic (army. All visitors to the Park remember Larry. He has a different welcome for each guest: ‘ Good- day, Professor. Come in, my Lord. The top of the morn- ing to you, Doctor.” These phrases flow as lightly from his tongue as water from a geyser. His station 1s a mere tent: but he will say, with most amusing seriousness: ‘‘ Gin- tlemen, walk one flight up and turn to the right. Ladies, comeYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 247 this way and take the elevator. Now thin, luncheon jis Feady, Bach take one seat, and as much food as SUCSE he can get.” “Where did you come from, Larry ?”’ I asked. “rom Brooklyn, Sor,’ was his reply, “but I'll niver £0 back there, for all my friends have been killed by the trolley Cars.’ Larry is very democratic. The other day a guest, on sitting down to lunch, took too much room upon the bench. “Plaze move along, Sor,” said Larry. Uhe stranger glared at him. “I ama Count.” he remarked at last. “Well Sor,’ said Larry, “here you only count wun!” “Hush!” exclaimed a member of the gentleman’s suite, “that is Count Schouvaloff.”’ ‘“T’ll forgive him that,” said Larry, “if he won’t shuffle off this seat.” Pointing to my companion, Larry asked me: “What is that gintleman’s_ busi- ness?” Hie. Le 2 teacher of sing: ing,’ I answered. “Faith,” said Larry, “lid like to have him try my voice. There is something very strange about my LARRY S LUNCH-STATION.248 VELEOWSLONE NATIONAL PARK 7 vocal chords. Whenever I sing, the Black Growler stops. One tourist told me it was a case of professional jealousy, and said the Black Growler was envious of my fore tones. ‘I have not Forty tones, I said, “I've only one tone. ‘Well, says he, ‘make a note of it!’’ Only once in his life has Larry been put to silence. Iwo years ago, a gentleman remarked to him: “ Well, Larry, good- by; come and visit me next winter in the East. In my house you shall have a nice room, and, if you are. ill, Shall enjay a doctor’s services free of all expense.”’ “Thank you, said Larry, “‘ plaze sive me your cara.” The tourist handed it to him; and Larry, with astonish- ment and horror, read beneath the gentleman’s name these words: “Superintendent of the Insane Asylum, Utica, New York.” Some hours after leaving Larry’s lunch-station, we reached another area of volcanic action. Our nerves were steadierYEEEOWSTIONE NATIONAL PARC 249 now. The close proximity to Hades was less evident: vet here hot mineral water had spread broadcast innumerable tittle mounds of silica, which look so much like biscuits grouped in a colossal pan that this is called the Biscuit Basin; but they are not the kind that “mother used to make.” If a tourist asked for bread here, he would receive a stone; since all these so-called biscuits are as hard as flint. We walked upon their crusts with perfect safety; yet, in so doing, our boots grew warm beneath our feet, for the water in this miniature archi- pelago is heated to the boiling point. “Show me a geyser!” I at last exclaimed impatiently, “ ] want to see a genuine geyser.” Accordingly our guide con- ducted us to what he announced as “« The Fountain.” I looked around me with surprise. I saw no fountain, but merely a pool of boiling water, from which the light breeze bore away a thin, transparent cloud of steam. It is true, around this was piece of coral ever a pavement as delicately fashioned as any250 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK taken from the sea. Nevertheless, while | admired that, I could not understand why this comparatively tranqull pool was called a geyser, and frankly said I was disappointed. But, even as I spoke, I saw to my astonishment the boiling water in this reservoir sink and disappear from view. “Where has it gone?” I eagerly inquired. “Stand back!” shouted the guide, “she’s coming.” I ran back a few steps, then turned and caught my breath ; for at that very instant, up from the pool which I had just beheld so beautiful and tranquil, there rose in one great out- burst of sublimity such a stupendous mass of water as I had never imagined possible in a vertical form. I knew that it was boiling, and that a deluge of those scalding drops would prob- ably mean death, but I was powerless to move. Amazement and delight enchained me spellbound. Talk of a fountain ! This was a cloud-burst of the rarest jewels which, till that mo- ment, had been held in solution in a subterranean cavern, but which had suddenly crystallized into a million radiant forms onYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 2 > One ee iat = “ae. Pas = ye > c dS # ‘Sa = -. Lees thus emerging into light and air. The sun was shining through the glittering mass; and myriads of diamonds, moonstones, pearls, and opals mingled in splendid rivalry two hundred feet above our heads. We soon approached another of the many geysers in the basin. They are all different. Around one, a number of colored blocks, exquisitely decorated by the geyser’s waves, appeared to have been placed artistically in an oblong frame. When I first beheld them, they looked like huge sea-monsters which, startled by our footsteps, were about to plunge into the depths. What is there in the natural world so fascinating and myste- rious as a geyser? What, for example, is the depth of its in- tensely-colored pool of boiling water? No one can tell. One thing, however, is certain; the surface of the pool is but the summit of a liquid column. Its base is in a subterranean reser- voir. Into that reservoir there flows a volume of cold water,Ee VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK furnished by the rain or snow, or by in Altration from some lake, or river. Meantime, the walls of the deep reservoir are bv volcanic fire. Accordingly the water, in contact with these heated walls soon begins to boil, and a great mass of steam collects above it; “Ee ie Mm 1S 2, of COUPES GS, be some esCape for this, and, height of one or two hun- | dred reel ace cording to the FOTCe OF ENS explosion. [ma eine, then, the amount of wa- ter that even one such res- = gs ervoir con- tains; for some of these volcanic fountains play for more than half an hour before their contents are discharged! Think, also, that in this basin there are no less than thirty geysers, seven- teen of which have been observed in action simultaneously.YELLOWSTONE. NATIONAL PARK bo un Ono “aay Sy al * reli Mind : ~ ‘ K 2 ae ie moe, oe aden aS ™ ~ aes ms “ie al ee Thus far we had seen merely geysers which arise from pools; but, presently, we approached one which in the course of ages has built up for itself a cone, or funnel, for its scalding waves. “What,” said our guide, “is the Castle Geyser.” “That rock a geyser!” I exclaimed incredulously, “it looks like an old ruin, without a single indication of activity; save, possiuly, tae he tle cloud of steam that hangs above i as if 16 were the breath of some mysterious monster sleeping far below.” “Tf you doubt i‘; he resid, “70 Nearer and examine if” Wedidso. I eg ma a ON “"ITS. FLINTY SIDES.254 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Cine rs gS se, a4 Ge ager Sa) os - ~* + " | > PP - 3 — - ; = | ae ER SS a ee Se < - : pet a a 4 oo ee be. i lee ° hk BD = eae Bs re 5 eS Sra IS wag Se aa: scrambled nite: ee gee ee up its flinty sides, - ~ ee ; S z e a u ee and found an opening in the summit three feet wide. I touched the rock. It was still warm, and yet no water was discernible. No sound was audible within its depths. “Tt this be really a geyser,’ | remarked, “it is no dowbt a lifeless one like Liberty Cap.”’ My comrade smiled, looked at his watch, then at his note- book, and finally replied: ‘“‘ Wait half an hour and see.”’ Accordingly, we lingered on the massive ledges of the Castle Geyser, and learned that it is the largest, probably the oldest, of all the active geyser cones within the Park. Once its eruptions were no doubt stupendous; but now its power is waning. The eradual closing up of its huge throat, and the increasing substitu- tion of steam for water, prove that the monster has now entered on the final stage of its career; for here, as on the terraces,YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 255 we are surrounded by specimens of life, decay, and death. The young, the middle-agéd, the old, the dead, — they are all here! The fiery agitation of the pool and the impulsive spurts of water are indicative of youth. A steady, splendid outburst proves maturity. The feebler action of the Castle shows the waning powers of old age. Last of all comes the closed cone, like a sealed sarcophagus, and that is death. Meantime, the thirty minutes of expectancy had passed; and, suddenly, with a tremendous rush of steam, the Castle proved that its resources were by no means exhausted. At the same instant, half a mile away, the Beehive Geyser threw into the air a shaft of dazzling spray fully two hundred feet in height. I realized then, as never before, the noble action of our Government in giving this incomparable region to the people. If this had not been done, the selfishness and greed of man would have made a tour here almost unbearable. A fence would, doubtless, have been built around every geyser, and fees would have been charged to witness each wonderful phenomenon; whereas, to-day, thanks to the generosity of Congress, the Park itself, and everything that it contains, are256 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK absolutely free to all, rich and poor, native and foreigner, — forever consecrated to the education and delight of man. But no enumeration of the geysers would be complete without a mention of the special favorite of tourists, Old Faithful. The opening through which this miracle of Nature springs is at the summit of a beautifully ornamented mound, which is itself a page in Nature's wonder-book. The lines upon its wrin- kled face tell of a past whose secrets still remain amystery. It i = | hints of an antiquity SO vast that one contemplates | it with bated breath: for this entire slope has been built up, atom miter atom, through ae 8 a oes 1 unnumbered aces; during which time, no doubt, the geyser hour by hour has faithfully performed its part, without an eye to note its splendor, or a voice to tell its glory to the world. Old Faithful does not owe its popularity entirely to height or beauty, though it pos- sesses both. It is beloved for its fidelity. Whatever irregu- larities other geysers show, Old Faithful never fails. Year in, year out, winter and summer, day and night, in cold andheat, in sunshine and in Storm, Old} minutes sends up its silvery one hundred and eighty feet. man this is the most reliable and before it watch in hand and punctual to the moment, it will never disappoint you. Few realize on how large a scale the forces of Nature work here. At each eruption, Old Faithful pours forth about one million five hun- dred thousand gallons, or more than thirty-three million gallons in one day! This geyser alone. therefore, could easily supply with water a city of the size of Boston. YELLOWSTONE NATION AL PERK 259 ‘aithful every seventy cascade to the height of about Of all the geysers known to erfect. Station yourself Within this area of the active geysers 1s a place called Hell’s Half Acre. It is rightly named. Rough, perpendicular ledges project over a monstrous gulf of unknown depth, from which great clouds of steam are constantly emerging. When the wind draws back for a moment a portion of thisPARK sulphur-laden cur- tain, the visitor perceives a lake below, seething and boiling from internal heat. For years no one suspected this to be a geyser; but suddenly, in 1551, the underlying force hurled the entire lake up bodily to the height of two hundred and fifty feet, and even repeated the eruption frequently. After some months the exhibition ceased, and all was calm again for seven years. In 1888, however, it once more burst forth with prodigious energy, ejecting at each explosion more boiling water than all the other gey- sers in the Park combined. Even the surrounding ledges could not withstand this terrible upheaval, and tons of rock were sometimes thrown up, with the water, more than two hundred feet. it is not ae Se eeYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 261 Strange, therefore, that this is called Excelsior, the King It is the most tremendous, tain in the world. _ When it will be again aroused, no one can tell. Its interval would seem to I of Geysers. awe-inspiring foun- Oo 9c from seven to ten years. Said an enthusiastic traveler to me: “If the Excelsior ever plays again, I will gladly travel three thousand miles to see it,” I have a vivid remembrance of my ] ast night at the Upper Basin. The hush of evening hallowed it. Alone and un- disturbed we looked upon a scene unequaled in the world. Around us liquid columns rose and fell with ceaseless regu- larity. The cooler air of evening made many shafts of vapor visible which in the glare of day had vanished unperceived. So perfect were their images in the adjoining stream, that it was easy to believe the veil had been at last withdrawn, and that the hidden source of all this wonderful display had beenPARK revenied. Ne sound from them was audible; no breeze disturbed their steadfast fight toward heaven; and in the deepening twilight, the slen- der, white-robed columns seemed like the ohosts ot geysers, long since dead, revisit ing the scenes of rHI their activity. But geysers do not constitute the only marvels of these water No volcanic basins. The beauty of their pools of boiling is almost inconceivable to those who have not seen them. illustration can do them justice; for no photographer can adequately Peo 2s. = produce their clear, transparent depths, nor can an artist’s brush CVicr quite por- | satis ae Eee eee Oe : ie BRE teD Babs we hh tray their pecul- Pare aah tp iar coloring, due to the minerals held in solution, ra or else deposited upon their sides. ~~ : I can deliberately say, however, thatYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIS 265 some of the most exquisitely beautiful objects I have ever seen in any portion of the world are the superbl y tinted caldrons of the Yellowstone. Their hues are infinitely varied. Many are blue, some green, some golden, and some wine-colored, in all gradations of tone; and could we soar aloft and take of them a bird’s- eye view, the glittering basin might seem to us a silver shield, studded with rubies, emeralds. turquoises, and sapphires. Moreover, these miniature lakes are lined with exquisite orna- mentation. One sees in them, with absolute distinctness, a reproduction of the loveliest forms that he has ever found in floral or in vegetable life. Gardens of mushrooms, banks of goldenrod, or clusters of asparagus, appear to be growing here, created by the Architect and colored by the Artist of these mineral springs. The most renowned of all these reservoirs of color is called the Emerald Pool. Painters from this and other lands have266 YELLOWSIONE NATI ONAL PARK his faithfully upon canvas, but, finally, tried repeatedly to depict t have left it in despair. In fact, its coloring is so intense, that as the bubbles, rising to its surface, lift from this bowl their he air before they break, rounded forms, and pause a second in t | beneath. Ac they are still just as richly tinted as the Hooc cordingly this pool appeared to me like a colossal casket, flled with emeralds, which spirit hands from time to time drew gently upward from its jeweled depths. Close by this is another boiling pool called the Sunhght Lake. On this I saw one of the most marvelous phenomena I have ever looked upon. The colors of this tiny sheet of water appeared not only in concentric circles, like the rings of a tree, but also -in-the order of the spectrum. The outerYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK band was crimson, and then the unbroken sequence came: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet in the centre! More- over, the very steam arising from it (reflecting as it did the varied tints beneath) was exquisitely colored, and vanished into air like a dissolving rainbow. All these prismatic pools are clasped by beautifully decorated curbs of silica, and seem to 1 be set in rings of gold, with mineral colors running through tiem: like enamel). So delicate are the touches of the maeic water, as the persistent heart-beats of old Mother Earth propel it over their ornamental rims, that every ripple leaves its tiny Mark. Hence it is no exaggeration, but literal truth, to say that beautiful mosaic work is being formed each time the films of boiling water are dimpled by the passing breeze. Oo268 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL Pek Kk The great variety of wonders in our National Park was a continual source of pleasure and surprise to me. Thus, in the midst of all the pools and ge one known as the Mammoth Paint Pot. ked and blistered by heat, and from this rises a parapet five feet high, enclosing a space resembling a circus ysers in the Upper Basin 1s The earth surround- ing it 1s crac Within this area is a mixture of soft clay and boiling ring. hot mush. This water, suggesting an enormous caldron of bubbling slime is almost as diversely tinted as the pools them- selves. It seemed to me that I was looking into a huge vat, where unseen painters were engaged in mixing colors. The fact is easily explained. The mineral ingredients of the vol- canic soil produce these different hues. In a new form, it Js the same old story of the Mammoth Terraces. Fire supplies the pigments, and hot water uses them. All other features of the Park are solemn and impressive; but the Mammoth Paint Pot provokes a smile. There is no grandeur here. i ve eS “ : ital Oo : Ss - \ ‘ so. », ESS mh aie . ¥ oe ea th ito FSS Oh SR, be oS ee = Sates CSREES SING Se Re THE MAMMOTH PASea (. ee eS flags, Sana bhoy oi 7 ee ERS ee bn 2 nr”seems a burlesque on volcanic power. The steam which oozes through the plastic mass tosses its sub Stance into curi- ous Liliputian Shapes, which rise; and break like bubbles. A mirthful demon Seems to be en- gaged in mold- ing grotesque images in clay, which to vanish in the seething dept YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK a somersault, and then fall back will be a flower, then a face, then, possibly, a manikin resembling toys for children. Meanwhile one hears constantly a low accompant- ment of gsroan- ings, hiccoughs, and €xpectora. tions. as af the aforesaid demon found this pud- ding difficult to digest. JOON ateer leaving the Upper Geyser Basin, we approached atiny lake which has, In SOME FESPECts, no equal im theVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAR KK 272 world. With the exception of some isolated mountain peaks, it marks the highest portion of our country. In winter, therefore, led by mounds of snow, it rests upon the summit of our continent like a crown of sapphire set with pearls. So evenly » part of it descends to when encirc is it balanced, that when it overflows, on¢ the Atlantic, another part to the Pacific. This little streamlet, therefore, is a silver thread connecting two great oceans three thousand miles apart. Accordingly, one might easily fancy that every drop in this pure mountain reservoir possessed a separate individuality, and that a passing breeze or falling leaf might decide its destiny, propelling it with gentle force into a cur- rent which should lead it eastward to be silvered by the dawn, or westward to be gilded by the setting sun. On either side of this elevation, known as the Continental Divide, the view was glorious. In one direction, an ocean ofYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK dark pines rolled westward in enormous billows. The silver surfaces of several lakes gleamed here and there like whitecaps on the rolling waves. Far off upon the verge of the horizon, fifty miles away, three snow-capped, sharply pointed mountains looked like a group of icebergs drifting from the Polar Sea. They did not move, however, nor will they move while this old earth shall last. They antedate by ages the Pyramids which they resemble. They will be standing thus, in majesty, when Egypt’s royal sepulchres shall have returned to dust. Forever anchored there, those three resplendent peaks rise fourteen thousand feet above the sea, and form the erand tiara of our continent, the loftiest summits of the Rocky Mountains. As we began the descent from this great elevation, another274 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK wal: splendid vision greeted us. We gazed upon it with delight. Beyond a vast expanse of dark green pines we saw, three hundred feet below us, Lake Yellowstone. It stirred my heart to look at last upon this famous inland sea, nearly eight thou- sand feet above the ocean level, and to realize that if the White Mountain monarch, Washington, were planted in its depths (its base line on a level with the sea), there would remain two thousand feet of space between its summit and the surface of this lake! In this respect it has but one real rival, Lake Titicaca, in the Andes of Peru. Descending to the shore, however, we found that even here, so far from shipyards and the sea, a steamboat was awaiting us. Imagine the labor of conveying such a vessel sixty-fivea sa oe FALLS, YELLOWSTONE PARKTHE SOLITARY STEAMBOAT. it to the greatest VYEEEOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK mountain LO pass, add that has no tivals. miles, from the railroad to this lake, up an ascent of more than three thousand feet. Of course, it was brought in several sections; but even then, in one or two TOrgTes, the cliffs had to be blasted away to make room for It is needless this steamer It was with interest that. [ sailed at such a height on this ad- venturous craft; and the next time that I stand upon the summit of Mount Washington, and see the fleecy clouds float in the empyrean, one-third of a mile above me, I shall remember that the steamer on Lake Yellowstone sails at precisely the same altitude as that enjoyed by those sun-tinted gal- leons of the sky. To appreciate the beauty of Lake Yellowstone, one should behold it when its waves ane, GAGitamt wall the sunset glow. te is not only beautt- _ Moweveln ful; it is mysteri- ous, ATroume! its im the distance, mse Silver crested ON LAKE YELLOWSTONE.YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK THE SLEEPING GIANT. peaks whose melting snow descends to it in ice-cold streams. Still nearer, we behold a girdle of gigantic forests, rarely, if ever, trodden by the foot of man. Oh, the loneliness of this great lake! For eight long months scarcely a human eye beholds it. The wintry storms that sweep its surface Fadeno boats on which to vent them fury. Wake Mellow, stone has never mirrored in itself even the frail canoes of painted savages. The only keels that ever furrow it are those of its solitary steamer and some little fishing- boats engaged by tourists. Even these lead a very brief Beictence like summer sects, they Hoa ineweu sen) weeks, and disappear, leaving the winds and waves to do their will. in callie om tis lake, 1 observed 2 (citstam mountain whose summit bore a strange resemblance to an upturned human face, sculptured in bold relief against the sky. It is appropriately called the Sleeping Giant; for it has sleptYELEOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 279 into the gulf of Time, like leaves in the adjoining forest. How many nights have cast their shadows like a veil upon that giant’s silhouette! How many dawns have flooded it with light, and found those changeless features still confronting them! on, undisturbed, while countless centuries have dropped We call it human in appearance, and yet that profile was the same before the first man ever trod this planet. Grim, awful model of the coming race, did not its stern lips smile disdain- fully at the first human pygmy fashioned in its likeness? This lake has one peculiarity which, in the minds of certain tourists, eclipses all the rest. I mean its possibilities for fishing. We know that sad experience has taught mankind to invent Ee proverbs = Once a wshermman: always a liar.” I wish, then, at the start, to say I am no fisherman; but what I saw here ALONG THE SHORE.280 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK would inevitably make me one if I should remain a month or two upon these shores. Lake Yellowstone is the fisherman’s paradise. Said one of Izaak Walton’s followers to me: “1 would rather be an angler here than an angel.’ Nor 1s this strange. I saw two men catch from this lake in one hour more than a hundred splendid trout, weighing from one to three pounds apiece! They worked with incredible rapidity. Scarcely did the fly touch the water when the line was drawn, the light rod dipped with graceful curve, and the revolving reel drew in the speckled beauty to the shore. Each of these anglers had two hooks upon his line, and both of them once had two trout hooked at the same time, and landed them; while we poor eastern visitors at first looked on in dumb amazement, and then enthusiastically cheered. Can the reader bear something still more trying to his faith? Emerging from the lake is a little cone containing a boiling pool, entirely distinct from the surrounding water. I saw a fisherman stand on this and catch a trout, which, without moving from his place, or even unhooking the fish, he WA rr Aree . Cpe) RRQ’ \ GREAT FISHING.YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 281 1 Cena LARRY, AS FISHERMAN AND COOK. dropped into the boiling pool, and cooked! When the first scientific explorers of this region were urging upon Congress the necessity of making it a National Park, their statements in regard to fishing were usually received with courteous incre- dulity. But when one of their number gravely declared that trout could there be caught and boiled in the same lake, within a radius of fifteen feet, the House of Representatives broke forth into roars of laughter, and thought the man a monumental ham We cannot be Ssumprised: thenretone, that enthusiastic msh- ermen almost £0 crazy ere, 1 Wave Seem men, alter a mde on forty miles, rush off to fish without a moment’s rest as if their lives depended on it. Some years ago, General Wade Hampton visited the Bark and came-as far as Lake Yellowstone. On his Tetitn, some one inquired what he thoueht of Nature:s mascemprece, tne canon om the Wellowsrone: “Se canon! = cricd tie general, “no matter about mie Canom, but ll Mad the most macnimcent shine f even saw im my lie: One day, while walking along the shore, my comrade sud-282 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK denly pressed my arm and pointed toward the Wale, 2 eu0t Indian!” I cried in great astonishment, “I thought no Indians ever came here.” Our guide laughed heartily; and, as he did so, I perceived my error. What | had thought to be an Indian was but a portion of a tree, which had been placed upright against a log. The only artificial thing about it was a bunch of feathers. Everything else was absolutely natural. No knife had sculptured it. No hand had civen a support to its uplifted ay nee tine dog which fol- lowed us appeared deceived, for he barked furiously at the strange in- fareUGhe ie = ale NChge was to me a Sin- gular fascination in this solitary Reale Ole ealauunmcr and, surrounded though I was by immeasurably greater wonders, I turned “again A FALSE ALARM. and again to take a farewell look at this dark, slender figure, raising its hand, as if in threatening gesture to some unseen foe. Leaving the lake, we presently entered the loveliest portion of the Park,—a level, sheltered area of some fifty square miles, to which has been given the appropriate name of Hay- den Valley, in commemoration of the distinguished geologist, Doctor Ferdinand V. Hayden, who did so much to explore this region and to impress upon the Government the necessity of preserving its incomparable natural features. Even this tran-ALLEY. N V 4 ae ea} > Socrates, Prison of, 262. Sophocles, 232, 252, 253- Spartans, 237- Spoliation, 246, 247. > Stadium, 271, 272, 274, 275. Sully Mounet, Supreme Court, 257, 258. Thermopyle, 232 Theseum, 264. Ne 25 ’ 3) 29) aber 321 ‘Tram-car, eo. Troy, 267. Turks, 237, 243, 246, 264, 267. Venetians, 237, oe Venus of Melos, 277 Virgil, 278. Wingless Victory, Temple of, 240, 247. Xenophon, 236, 9 “5 Xerxes, 236. Young America, 263. Adriatic, 283, 334. Architecture, 283, 305, 310. Attila, Scourge of God, 287. Bank of deposit, first, 314. Bell Tower, 301. Bocca di Lione, 313. Book of Gold, 290. Bridge of eels; Bice Bronze horses, 321, 32 Browning ae 203. Byron, 309. Campanile, 300, 301. 6. rar N >) 293; ile | | | Seles ree INDEX Canals, 290, 293- Candia, 328. City of the Sea, 283, 295, 332. Constantine, 321. Constantinople, 321, 322. Council of Ten, 313. Court of i Suseice oe 300. Crusade, fourth, 325. Dandolo, Doge, oo use, Desdemona’s ho 203. Doges, 293, 302) 307, 309) 313) 315, 325, 332: Doge’s Palace, 300, 302, 395, 306, Faliero, Marino, Doge, Foscari, Doge, 293- Gazetta, 314. Giant’s Staircase, 308, 309. 307, 310, 313, 314, 320. BO0e Gondolas, gondoliers, etc., 284, 287, 290, 299, 300, 3 506, 328, 331, 332- Grand Canal, 289, 293, 296, 306, 32S ooo. Le mie Prigioni, 307. Marriage of the Adriatic, Mars, 308. Mediterranean Sea, 313. Moonlight in Venice, 296, Napoleon, 321- Neptune, 308. Nero, 321. Newspaper, first, 314. Othello, 294. Palaces, 290, 293. Palazzo Vendramini, iRanisne22s 320: Peilico Silvio, 307. Piazza, 300, 306, 320, rant an a 5 0 Piazzetta, 300, 301, 328. Pigeons, 327, 328- Ds ce Piombi, 307. Railway station, 284 Bridge of th Oo H On 203: 327, 328. Rialto, Rome, 314, 321 Ruskin, 305. St. Mark, 32 St. Mark’s Cahedr Bit), FAC, FO, 32 2, St. Mark’s Saree 306, 31 C5? Te Mark, winged lion of, 301, Theodore, 301. San Giorgio Island, 315 Sand, George, 293. Santa Sophia, 322. Senate-house, 306. Shylock, 294. Sunsets, 332, 333, Tintoretto, 283, 31 Titian, 283, 293, 333- Venetian Forum, 326. Venus, 295. Wagner, Richard, 293 334: oO CONSTANTINOPLE. Abd-ul Aziz, 96. Abd-ul Hamid II., 26, 96. Abd-ul Medjid, 94, 95. Anabasis, 102. Ancient gateway, 23. Apollo, 10, 35, 39: Aqueducts, 40. Architecture, 24, Argonauts, 102. Baths, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53) Beggars, 21, 22. Belisarius, 38. Belisarius Palace, 37, 38. Black Sea, 9, 11, 88, 89, 103, 104, 107, ILO. Bosporus, 9, 11, 93, 94, 97, 98, TOT, 104. Ee 21, 22, 23, 3ronze Com 3 Bronze Horses of St, Mark’s; 35. Byzantium, 24, 25, 54, 60, 95. 83. 26, 62, 88, go, 102, 103, 62. Byzantine ; 37, 60. Byzas, 25. Gates G5, 60: Caiques, 62. Castle of Europe, 98, tor. Cavern of roor Pillars, 40, 43. Cemetery customs, etc., 66, 67, 68, 71. Chios, ro. Column of Constantine, 38, Constantine the Great, 25, 37> 38, 43- Constantine, last emperor, 56. Cosmopolitan Crowds, 22, 23. Crimean War, Crusaders, 35, Custom House, 16. Cypress trees, 66, 67, 90. Darius, 102. Delos, ro. Delphi, 35. 39 35> 103, 104. 103. Delphic Oracles, 35. Dervishes, 22, 84, 87, 88. Devil’s Stream, a Dogs, 33, 44, 45- Dolma Bete 95, 96. Early history — founding, 24, 25. Effendi, 75 Egypt, 61. Egyptian Obelisk, 35, 36. Euclid, 36 Euphrates, ro9. European Protectorate, 109. ity of Mos- PRalacenso4s etc., lems, 71. Fall of Constantinople, 37, 56; 59, 98. Filial respect, 75.Florence Nightingale, 103. Fountains, 46, 47. Fountain of Sultan Achmet, 45, 46. French Embassy, see. Galatay 125165 17, 21, ralata B ee Pe Galata ‘Tower, 39. Gates, 24, 32 Golden Fleece, Golden Horn, 11 625,605 7 0, Cy Loz. 5 iy 2, OGiy Ont, 88, 97, 109. Grand Canal of Venice, 11. Grecian Islands, tro. Grecian-Turkish War, Greeks, 24, 102. Harem, 73, 74, 75, 70; 70- Harem tragedies, 30, 31. Heliopolis, 36. Hippodrome, Ancient, 32, 35. Holy Sepulchre, 108. Homer, ro. Horse-cars, 18. Hungary, 108. Imperial jewels, 29. Imperial ‘reasury, 26, 29. Islam Faith, 80. Jason, 102. 107. Justinian, Emperor, 37, 38, 53; 56. Koran; 23, 47, 54, ox. Legal rights of women, 79, 80, 81, 82. Maiden’s Tower, 93. Marmora 5ea, 9, II, 103, Ifo. Marochetti, 103. Marriage, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83. Mediterranean Sea, 9, 89, 107. Melos, ro. Minarets, 60, 65. Mohammed, Prophet, 54, 59, 60, 71, 80, 82. Mohammed I., 98. Mohammed le 375 893 59, 98> IOl. Mohammedans, 54, 50, QO, 94. Mohammedan Conquest, 26 Monument to Crimean heroes, 47) 60, 61, 71, 79, 80, 34, 103, 105. Moses, 36. Moslem Sabbath, 54. Mosque of Suleiman, 41, 49- Mosques, 60. Muezzin, 60, 6t. New Rome, 25, 36, 40- Newspapers, 65, 66. Ovid, Paros, 10. Pasha’s home life 76; 79: Pelkovans, 67. Pera, 10. TOZ: » 72) 73> 74) 75> INDEX na ex cs x Phidias, 39. > CZ iE lato, 30 Plevna, 107. Polygamy, 80 Priestess of Apollo, 35. Reservoir, Old, 40, 43. Rome, 38. Russian Empire, 104, 107, 108, 109. Santa Sophia Mosque, 53, 54, 5530505, 505) 00s Scutari, 67. eee ccol 103 Selamlik, 73, 74, 75, 76. Seraglio, 11, 30, 32. Seraglio Point, 11, 12 _ 97: Solomon, 53, 80. Solomon’s Temple, Stamboul, 12, 21, o& U1 Oo 235305132, 44, 45, 53, 62, 83, 104, 109. Sinects, 10. 17, 16, en, 32 Sublime Bore, Sultan, rr, 24, oe » 73) 80, 94) 95) o Toe Sultanas, 55, 97. Sultans Palace, mr. 2 2: 2( Sweet waters of Asia, 97. Sweet waters of Europe, 97. Tenedos, ro. Tiber, 25. Tragic memories, 30 Tram-car, 18. Troy, ro. Turkish coffee, 65. Turkish 2 H Empire, former, 107, 108 Turkish 75 79, 79. Underground Palace, 43, 44. Venus of Melos, to. Vienna, 108. Villages, go. Walls, old, 23, 36, 37- Waltzing, 84. Water drinkers, 23. Women, 30, 68, 5 O25 O85 OA» on ae Xenophon, 102. Vildiz Kiosk, 26. household, O 2 “I aS “ oO co oO JERUSALEM. Abraham, 122, 141, I51, 152, 205, 207, 208, 211, 212, 220 Abraham’s tomb, 205, 207, 208. Abyssinia, 158. Abyssinian Christians, 156. Acts of the Apostles, 145. Adam, tomb of, 158, 159. Andromeda, Antonia, tower, II5. I45- Antony, 113, rot. Aqueducts, 186. Arab, 117, 122, Ark of the Covenant, 151. Armenians, 156, 163, 164, 201. Ascension, Church of the, 176. Baldwin I., Bandits, King, 159, 202 T21. Bedouins, 188, 192, 199. > 9EFEars, 200. Bethany, 176, 178. Bethlehem, 187, 200, 202, 205. Bible, 218. Caiaphas’ house, r4o. Caliph, Caliph, Calvary, 136, 1 City of Peace, City of Cleoy Constantine the Great, 153 L235 127, Omar, 123. 39, 140, 158, 160. Toe SIEGES, 131. yatra, 131, IOI. 202. Cook’s tourist office, 123, 124. Copts, 163. Crimean War, cause of, 159. Crucifixion, Chapel of, 158. Crusaders; 118, 122; 123, 127. T295, L5Q, LOO; LOO, 72. LOr. QOD 20i: Damascus, 128. Damascus Gate, 127, 128, 160, 170. Davids 120, tee, UA7 sre 052, 205, 200. David’s Judgment Hall, 147. David, Day of Judgment, Dead Sea, 188, 193, 194, 195. Dean Stanley, 165, 208. Tower of, 127. I20, 152, 153. Dome of the Rock, 145, 153- Domenichino, 205. Dorcas, 117 aster scenes, 154, 163, 164, 165, 192. Ecce Homo Arch, 139. Elijah, 152. European Protectorate, 220. Fortress, 135. France, 159. Frederick, Crown Princ Gabriel, Angel of the Lord, 152 Garden of the World, 188. L245 127, e, 208. Gates, 123, 170. Gethsemane, 171, 172; 175- Ghetto, 217. Godfrey de Bouillon, 159. Golgotha, 170. Granite quarries, 185. Nn (ieee, uta. Greek Christians, 159. Greek Church, 154, 159, 164, I75- Grotto of Jere 163, 186. miah,8 Grotto of St. James, 18r. Hadrian, 172. Hagar, 212. Hebrew, 135, 148, 195, 208, 213, 214, 222. Hebron, 187, 205, 206, 212. Helena, Empress, 156, 157, 202. Herod, tor. Holy Sepulchre, 159, 166, 169. Holy Sepulchre, Church and Chapel of, 153, 154, 155, 159 160, 166, 212. lisdacy it. 207 2005 212. Ishmael, 212. Jacob, 207, 208. Jatiaeerum nS errOn iy. LtO, 120, 122. Jaffa, former rulers of, 118. Jericho, 113, 126, 187, 188, 191, 193. Jericho, plain of, 188. Jericho roses, 1gt. Jewish charity, 223, 224. Jews, 132, 133, 142, 101, 211, 212 Jews of distinction, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 Joppa, see Jaffa. Jordan River, 187, 191, 192, 19 Joseph, zor. Josephus, 142. Judas, 140. Judza, 218. Judzean wilderness, 195, 196. Kedron, 175, 180. Koran, 146, 220. Latin Church, 159, 163, 201. Lazarus of Bethany, 178. OL oy) Le Lee Ode eTOO. Lazarus, the beggar, r4o. Leah, 207, 208. Lebanon, cedars of, 118. ILGDEWS, WBZ, UH Machpelah Cave, Magi, 201. Mark Twain, 158. Marquis of Bute, 208. Mar Saba, 187, 196, 199. Martha, 178. Mary, 178. Mary Magdalene, 156. Massachusetts, — Milk Grotto, 2or. 2O7, Ql, 202 Mohammed, 128, TAGs 52s 220. Mohammedans, 127, 141, 142, 7, THA) RFX, WO), Boy Bur, 212, 220. Moors, 214, 219. Mosaic Law, 134. Moslems, see Mohammedans. INDEX Mosque of Omar, 141, 145, 146, TAGs 2005 212.) 220- Mount Moriah, 132) CAL So Mount of Olives, 128, 170, 171, 173,175; 176, 181, 219. Napoleon, 118, 169. Nativity, Church and Chapel of, 201, 202. Nicodemus, 155. Nile, 124. Olive-trees, 129, 172, 175: Palestine, 113, 115, 121, 124, 178. Parted Raiment, Chapel of, 155, 156. Perseus, 115. Persia, 114. Pilgrims, 155, 158, 159, 160, 163, 105, 177, 192, 205. Pontius Pilate, 139. Pool of Bethesda, 187. Pool of Gihon, 187. Pool of Hebron, 206. Pool of Hezekiah, 186, 187. Pool of Siloam, 187. Pool of Solomon, 186, 187, 206. Prince of Wales, 208. Ramleh, 120. Rioting at the Holy Sepulchre, 164, 165. Roman Catholics, Romans, 132, 21 Rome, Royal quarries, 185. Russia, 113, 219. St Etclena Chapel of, 156. St. James, 181, 208. Sit, JJGKoune,, Boz, BOS, St. John the Baptist, 192. Sito Panui, way, Weis, Wolo). Sieeete lo alone lO: St. Saba, 199. St Stephen, ror. St. Veronica, 139, 140. Sarah, 207, 208. Seville, 21 Sharon, plain of, 120. Sheik Hamza, Sidon, 118. Simon the Tanner, 118, Solomon, Sy 163, 164. Te Tree nde 196, 205, 200. house of, I1Q, Keinoee 22h rar 525 MIO, Uy, DUD Spain, 214. Spanish Inquisition, 214. Stone of Unction, 155. Streets, a4 neo cao: Suleiman, Sultan, 126. Sultan, 165 Syyailaenos Wanneneel, 722, 128. MeanollS, KR, Wise, UD, Tei, wd. Tice OMa TOS tO Onm a2 ea Ae 22le situs. 122, 192. 072. Tombs, 178, 208. Tomb of Absalom, 180, 181. 163, 164, 165, 166 TOOy Lol, Loz, 159, 179; . 205, Tombs of the kings, 181, 182. Tomb of Lazarus, 178. Tomb of Virgin, 180. Tomb of Zachariah, 181. Transportation facilities, 120, 124, 188, 192 True Cross, 157. Turkish guard, 154, 155, 165. Twelve Tribes Hotel, 117. Via Dolorosa, ee 139. Virgin Mary, 201 Wailing Place, 2 eic., 205. Walls, 124, 125, 126 Zaccheeus, house of, Zion, Mount, 120, 132, 188. EGYPT. Abou Simbel, Temple of, 313, 314, 316. Abraham, 259, < Afrit, 260, 26r. Ah-ye! Reean , 248 Aida, 244. Alabaster Mosque, 256. Alexander the Great, 230, 231, 237. Alexandria, 225 2206 220: Alexandria, trade of, 230, 236. Alexandrian eee 231. Amunoph III., 296 Antinous, 254. Antiquity of, 227, 228. Antony, 230, 2 Arabs, Bedouins, 279, 328 2205 220 23202), oO O° BNO), 327/ Arabia, 251. Arts and sciences, ancient, 331. Battle of the Py ae aber Bedouins, 318, 327, 328. 3oulak Museum, 273. 3ritish Museum, 306. Burials, ancient, 275, 325, 326. €zesar, 230, 232. Cairo, 240, 243, 244, 245, 247, 251, 252, 254, 255, 259, 260, 265, 268, 270, 318, 324 Cairo, Citadel, 251, 252, 254 Cairo, Opera House, 244. Caliph, 251, 252, 260, 261, 262. Cali ng tombs of, 261, 262. Cambyses, 292. Castle of ne Nile, Cemeteries, 262, 263, 275 Cemetery of Sacred Bulls, 274, 275. Cephren, King, 328. Cephren, pyramid, 323 OD Nn NG (e8) NS Cc .Champollion, 306. Cheops, pyramid, - 324, 326, 328. Cleopatra, 230, 290. Dahabiyeh, 287, 288. De Lesseps, 314. 319, 320, 323, Delta, 240, 281, 284, 306. Desert, 255, 279, 280, 827, 305 Diocletian, 232 Dongola, 284 Donkey-boys, 248. Donkeys, 245, 246, 247, 248. Dromedaries, Ships of the Des- ert, 327. Empress Eugenie, 268 England, 240, 243. Ethiopia, 28r. Euclid, 2 Fellaheen, France, 284. 320. Géréme, 243. Giaour, 245. Greeks, 325. Harem, 288. Heliopolis, 263, 267, 315 Herodotus, 267. Hieroglyphics, 306. Ibrahim, 238, 230. Inundation, 281, 282, 283, 284, 287. Isis, 308, 309, 310. Islam, 280. Ismail Pasha, 244, 268. Jerrold, Douglas, 316. Joseph, 263. Karnak, 305, 306, 307. Khartoum, 284. Khedive, 270. Lepsius, 276. Lotus, 304. Mahmoodiah Canal, Mamelukes, 252, 298, 301, 290, 201, 237° 2539 255 Marietta, ae OTA eS e27 Mashrebeeyeh, 245. Maspero, 331. Mehemet Ali, first V 236, 250, 76, 279. Oy, 22 228. 220. 223 237, 239, 252, 253, 270, 273. Mehemet Ali, Square of, 235. Memnon, 296, 297, 208. Memphis, 251, 252, 274, 276, 279, 324, 325 , 326, 328 Menes, first King of Egypt, 276 Minaret, Dis OSG, AKO ivMoneened: 251,252, 200,202 Moses, 255, 263, 267 Mosques! 250" 2505024 Muezzin, 280. Museum, 273, 306 Napoleon, 253. Nile, 228, 240, 254, 281, 282, 283, 284, 287, 288, 290, 201, Bae) 309, 310, 325. INDEX Noah’s Ark, 2 Nubia, 310. Nubian Sais, Obelisks, 231, 232, 26 267, 307, 315. On, 263. Osiris, 309, Parepa Rosa, 244. Pearl of the Nile Persians, Pharaoh, Pharaoh’s Pharos, 2 310. OD O° oo Oo nl 9° 2 H a 30. Pharsalia, 232. Phile, 308, 309, 310 Plato, 263, 267. Pompeius, Roman Prefect, 232. Pompey’s Pillar, 23 Ptolemy Philadelphus, Museum of, 231 Byars! 255; 273, 207, 208, 318, 319, 320, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328. Pythagoras, 263. Railroads, 235 Rameses, 279, 292, 295, 303, 313, 314; a Rosetta Stone, 306. Sacred Bulls, 274. Sahara, 280, 326, 327. St. Mark, 23 Si, Paws, St. Peters, Sakkarah, Saladin, 25 Septimius Severus, 206. London, 320. Rome, 31 325: 2 Serapeum, 274. Shoobra Avenue, 268, 270. Shoobra Palace, 269, 270 Sphinx, 297, 298, 318, 328, 332, 333- Sphinx, poem, 333, 334. Suez Cae 268. Telegraph lines, 235. Temple of the Sun, 263 Thebes, 287, 291, 292, 295, 324 Tiberius, 309. Vatican, 282. Verdi, 244. Village chief, 275, 276. Virgin’s Tree, 267, 268. Women, 245, 260 con 263, 269. JAPAN, I. AND II. Acrobats, 89. Alaska, 115. American fleet, 23, American ladies, 34) 1505 Lom. Anne Boleyn, 155. Arboreal eccentricities, 79, Aristocracy, 58, 59. Art, centre of old Japanese, 186. ° 207 0 20n Artisanship, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212. Artists, 186, 210, 211, 212. Atami, 146, 149, 150, 165, 174. Australia, 115. Autumn scenery, 124, Babies, 208. O5,9010,) 123 Baltic Sea, 11s. Bamboo, 125, 128, 134, I41, 213, 214. Beds, 155, 18: 3elfry, 95, 187, 188. Bells, 70, 95, 187, 188. 3ig-wheeled baby-carriages, 27, 205,47, G0, 133" Bluff, the, 303,33; 345.35 Boats, 75, 80. Bon voyage, 21. Books, 209. Bow River, Canada, rq. Brass-workers, 211, 212. Bridges, 76, 79, 93, 94, 123, 125, 169, 214. Bronzes, 40, 68, 70, 81, 94, 95; 107, 187, 104, 210. Bronzed athletes, 24, 30, 118, IQ. Buddha, 40, 42, 46, 81, 176, 186, 194. > ~ 3uddha, bronze statue, 40, 41. Buddhism, 1205 LOI La. 194, 196, 199, 216. Buddhist celibacy, 193. Buddhist 216. 127, 195, customs, laws, etc., 215, Buddhist Scriptures, 19s. 3uddhist temples, 194, 195, 196, 199. Cairo, 7 California, rrs. Canadian National Park, 14. Canadian Pacific R. R., 9. Canadian ponies, r4. Canadian snow sheds, Capital, ancient, 185. Capital, present, 48, 51, 185. Capri, Blue Grotto, 46. 17) Cascade Mountains, 10, Cathedral forest, 108. Cedar trees, 90, 94 Cha-no-yu, 215. Character, 103, 166, 160, 170; 182, 183, TL 184, 185 Characteristic sights, 67, 202. Cherry-tre 73) 74> 75, 8 China : 215, Chrysanthemum, 82, 85. City of Peace, 186. Cleveland, Mrs., 16x. Cloisonné, 210, 211, 212. Coiffure, 158 es, blossoms, SS I16, 216, 155, 156,IO Collins, Lottie, ne Connecticut clock, oO On Constantinople, 7. Contrasts, 207, 208, 209. Costumes, 141, 153, 157, 158; 161, 162, 163, 164, 204. Courtesy, 24, 165, 166, 175, 179) 183. Covington, Ky., judge, 35. Crown Prince, 148. Cryptomerias, 90, 95, 108, 223. Custom, a pretty, 147. Custom House, New York, 24. Custom House, Yokohama, 24, 27. Daimios, 59, 60. Dancing, 164, 165. Dante, 222 IDES, A7iy 7/35 140, 146, 192, Derby hat, Doctors, 153. Domestic animals, Domestic etiquette, Domestic life, 156, 157. Doré, 222. Dwarf trees, 79, 80. Earthquakes, 42, 170 153- 159, 2D 175-185. Teil) 72 173 Education, 57, 116. Educational facilities, 67. Educational methods, 58, 63, 64. Embarking for Japan, 18, 21 Emperor, 52, 53) 54, 57) 59, 82, Mikado 162. 58, Oe, OA, Oy, Obs See Empress, r6r. England, rrs Enoshima, island, 42, 45, 46. Epigrams, 176, 179. Etiquette, 209. European dress, 158, 161, 162. European opera, 21 Farmers, Festivals, 70, 73, 75: WwW I25, 1206. Feudalism, 58, 59, 60, 63, 67. Fires, First glimpse of Japan, 23. BuSh 20, 127, 023" Foliage. See Trees. Food, 125, TA Foreign destructive, 51. WAG), UAT cemetery, Yokohama, 35, 36. Fountains, 79, 95. France, 115. Fuji-Yama, mountain, 138, 139, 140, Furnishings, 156, 179. ead ns, 76, 79. Gateway, 222, Geisha girls, 16 General Grant, 93. Ne BX Geyser, 149, 150. Girls, 45, 46. Goddess of Good Fortune, 47. Grand Hotel, Yokohama, 20, _ 30; 47° Greece 123 Hair a IQQ, 200. Hakone Lake, 147, 148. Hands, well-kept, 183, 184. Happy people, 166, 167, 170. Haruna, 216, 221 Heaven, 69. Hercules, ror. Higashi Hongwanji Temple, 196. Hotels, 130, 174, 186. Hundred Steps, 33. Hurricanes, Ieyasu, tomb of, 107, 108. 173: Ikao, 216, 217. Imperial crest, 70, 82. India, 194, 215 Inns, 124. Jinrikisha, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 47> Aha pee ELC LO U2 0 meh O OD 153, 105, 174, 202, 217. Jinrikisha, inventor of, 29. Jizo, Buddhist god, 146, 147. Kago, 133, 1345 137, 146, 218. Kamakura, 39 Kimono, 163. KOto; 525 585 135, 136, 7 AO 4st AZ: r Nw dS 4 Oo 214. Kioto Hotel, 186. Kioto temples, 188. rte Lack of clothing, 24, 35, 153. Jacquer, 93, 95, Or, 160, 188, 194, 196, Land of Flowers, 75. Kobe, 222 Land of Rising Sun, 63, 214. eee gardening, 76, 79- Lanterns, 70, 99, 212 124, 192, 194, OQ Law School Tokio, 64. Wecends; 425055 uAy7- Little Spring 85. Lost day, 22. ILO, AO), So, hie ‘Indian Summer), Love of N flowers, 75, 76, 8 Luxuries, 181. Mackintosh, Japanese, 28, r41. Magellan, 7 Manitoba, 9. Marriage customs, Mary Stuart, old, 162. TEC Miasseurs, 153, 154, 155 Masticated prayers, tor, 102 Matsuris, 200, 201, 202. Matting. 140, 157, 670, £79,203, 215. Medical College, Tokio, 64. Mephistopheles, ror. Mikado, 51, 52, 53, 59, 59, 82, 89, 93, 104, 116, 117, 148, 186, 194. Minneapolis, 9. Mississippi Bay, 23, 60. Miyandshita, 118, 130, 133, 137, 148, 174. Miyandshita Hotel, 130, 133. Monte Cristo, 9. Monuments, 70, 109. Moscow, 185. Mottoes, 176, 179. Mountain scenery, 94, 95, 96, TEMS) IO), ae Tee tA Os OI, Diy Dis, 223e Moxa, 150. Music, 163, 213. National anthem, 54. National beverage, 215. New Hampshire anecdote, 170. Newspapers, 74. New Zealand, 115. Nikko, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, IOI, 102, 104, 108, 223. Nobles, 59, 70, 186. Norin Pace, Gir, aa, wis. Norway, 118. Numbering of houses, 33. @bi, 257, 258; 104. Ohaio, 35. Old Japan, the heart of, 223, 22 fe Old Men’s Home, Philadelphia, 20. 120, Otemetoge, 137. Acie OCeannion Os LEG. tos: Pagodas, 95, 120, 123, 186. Palaces, Imperial, 51, 148, 149. Pan, Paper, 182. Peddlers, Perry, Commodore, 23, 60. Phineas Fogg, 7. Pilgrims, Tel. 128, I49, 175, 179, 180, 207. SOR OA LOO, nO, TAO, 141, £42, 145, 224. Pilgrims’ dress, 141. Pilgrims’ fountain, 94. Pillows, 155, Pipes, 136, 137 Poets, 73, 75, Polar seas, 7. Postal savings banks, 129. Postal service, 128, 129. Postman, 128, 120. Prayers, 187, 188. IPASAS, TO) TiO, was), 10D, WOR, Bus, Lid. Prince of Wales, 130. Prince George of Greece, 130. Proverbs, Japanese, 23, 176, 179. Puget Sound, 11s Pull-man-car, 29. 7 102, 181. Gy 1etslo)- 140, 186,2 a - ~ a Railroads, etc., 47, 48, 1 171. 075, L2G; Religion, ror. Religion, official, x96. Religious ceremonies, 193, 194, IQ5, 200, 201, 202. Religious insignia, gg, 100. Religious processions, 100. See Matsuris. Rest-houses, 140. Revolution of 1869, 59, 60, 63, 186. Roads, 118, 125, 133, 135. Rocky Mountains, 10, 13. Roman Catholic Ritual, 193. Rome, 123. Rural scenery, 118, 120, 123, T24, 105. Russia, 115, 185, 187. Sacred arches, 68, 69, 70. Sacred Bridge, Nikko, 93, 94. Sacred Cave, 45, 46, 47. Sacred Citadel, 94, 102. Sacred City, 185. Sacred Gateway, 140. Sacred Hill, 186 Sacred Islands, 42, 45, r42. Sacred Mountains, 94, 104, 108, 130, 142. Sacred staircases, 104, 107, 222, 223. Salutations, 35, 175, 183. Samisen, 163. Samurai, 60. Sandals, 203, 204, 214. Sayonara, 183. Selkirk Mountains, ro. Servants, 34, 175, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185 Shintoism, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196. Shizuoka, 53. Shoes, 176, 203, 204. Shoguns, 53, 59, 93, 99, 107, 108. Shops, 176, 202, 203, 204. Shrines, 47, 99, tor, 104, 107, MO), TKO}, UE, THO, ile, wie 145, 146, 192, 196, 199, 200, 22 Sliding screens, 149, 174, 175, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, me: Smoking tobacco, 136, 137, 214. Steamship, Empress of China, 21. Steamship, Empress of India, Zils Steamship, Empress of Japan, 21. Storm, an ocean, 22, 23. Switzerland, 118. Swords, 59, 60. Tattooing, sliear Ad, 70; 182, 18 2 Ar 25 emis 1205 130. es =) 184, 185, INDEX T'ea-houses, 45, 76, 148, E74, 075, p I76) 190; 205, 182, 186, 212, Pkel, hie Tea, introduction of, 215, 216. Tea pickers, 215, 216. | Tea plantations, 214, 215, 216. 215, 216. Japanese, Tea, preparation of, Temperament, I71. Temple decorations, r9q, 195. Ten-Province Pass, 146. 166, 169, I 79> Tidal wave, 40, 42. Tokio, 47, 48, 51, 54, 59, 64, 67, 73, 74, 80, 86, 148, 163, 170, 173, 174, 185 Tombs, 70, 107, 108. 153» 21 12 Torti, 68, 69, 70, 94, 140, 192. Trans-Siberian Railroad, rrs. Trees, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, » 93, 94, 100, 108, 124, 146, 221, 223, 204. Typhoon, 173 Ueno Park, 73. Uji, Province, 214. Umbrellas, 141, 149, 214. United States, 127, 185 University, Imperial, 64, 67. Unselfish patriotism, 63. | Vancouver, 18. Vase-makers, Vegetarians, a> I1Q, DLL, 2II, 212 7: D. E25 020, 02 Volcanic eruption, a. 138. Volcanoes, 138, 173. Votive tablets, 195, 196. Waitresses, 182, 183, 184, 185. Waterfalls, 108, 119, Way of the Gods, ror. Winter in Japan, 34, Wistaria, Women, 1 120, 138. 76. T359 153; ~58, LOL, 102. Women’s adress, ELS On Cis 163, Wrestlers, 86, 87, 88, 80. Wrestling for a throne, 89. Writing, method of, 209. Yeddo, 48. Yokohama, 24, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 53, 148, 170, 174, 186, 217, 22 Yokohama, markets, 34. Yosemite, 93. 120, 162, CHINA. Aden, 241. Advertising placards, Africa, 241. Ah Cum, 290, 2QI, - 269, 2 American steame Amoy, 308. Ancestral worship, Antiquity, 22 “I Aqueducts, Arabs, 227. Arbitration of differences, 284. Architecture, 235, 236, 268, 289, 296, 297, eee Aristocracy, 332. Australia, 241. Badge of a grandfather, 287. Bamboo chair, 242, 250, 275, 280 Banks, 236, 31 2 5: Q sarbers, 284, 287, 288, arr Beggars, 312, 313. Bishop Harper, 296. Bishop Hatto’s Tower, 274. Bishop of North China, 2 254. Bismarck, 331 Boats, 231, 232, 259, 262, 268, 209, 270, 3090, 310, 311, 312, 313, 316. Botanical Park, 245, Bridges, 274, 275. 3ritish Empire, 238, 241 British officers, 245. British soldiers, 238. Buddhism, 298. Buddhist priests, 284. Burma, 238. Cable-road, Canals, 252. Canton, 237, 250, 254, 259, 262, 265, 266, 268, 270, 274, 276, | 2855 2835-289, 200, 201, 205, | 2005) 207; 300, 308, 300. ara. | 354, 315, 321, 323, 324, 326 Canton C Canton, population, 296. Canton River, 274. Carter Harrison of Chicago, 269 Carts, 253. Cat rest aurants, 290. ommissioner, 201 Ceylon, Chess, | Che-sze, 321. Child life, 309. China Sea, 230. Chinese tals, 227, € Cc criticism 0 hinese dencsceee 290, 201. hinese hatred of foreigners, 243, 281, @hinese industry, 299. Chinese Opium Act, 266. 292 toria, Chinese quarter, Vic 237. Civil service, 32 6, B20, 380; 330s Club-houses, 236 | Commercial honor, 315. | Competitive examinations, 326, 29, 330, 331. Confucius, 265, 279, 329, 332 Contrasts in customs, 316, 317. Coolies, 242, 243, 244, 253, 260, , 280, 291, 299, 300. n 2712 Court of Justice, 324. Curse of China, 26 Customs, 305. Cyclone, 231 Cyprus, 241 Dancing, 318. Debarkation 269. Decay of China, 334. Doctors, 300, 301, 302, Doctors’ prescription Dog meat, 291 Egypt, 2 SCENES, 232, 305, 311 S, 301, 3 Engineering, 243, 251, 279 2735 382: England, 236 , 238, 241, 252, 260, 267, 281, 333 Ups) IIIs English Conquest, 266. Examination ee 326, 329 Execution ground, Canton 5 Beko 322, 32 Exorc ig evil spirits, 284. Feet, la 306, 307, 308: Female culprits, 323. Finger nails, 305, 306. Fishermen, 236. Five-storied pagoda, 289, 295. Floating boarding hous ses, 310. Floating population, 268, a = ’ (Ox: \ 309) 310. Flower boats, 311, 312. Food, 274, 290, 291, 300. Foreign cemetery, Hong-Kong, Foreign devils, 243, 281, 292 Formosa Channel, 230. Fortune tellers, 288. France, 279, 281. Future, 335. Gateways, 289. General Grant, Gibraltar, 241. Girl | 308. Government proclamations, 275. Grand Hotel, Grasshoppers, 301. AAI babies, 315- Graveyards, 254, 257, 258, 259- Great Wall, 332, 333, 334: Greeks, 227. Guilds, 283. Gunpowder, 228. Hong-Kong, 232, 2 Fone Kong fever, 251. Hong-Kong Harbor, 232, 245. Hong-Kong population, 245. Hotels, 250, India, 2385 267, Infanticide, 308. Inland Sea, 229 Inventions, Islands, 230, 274. Japan, 229, 242 td > Oo 316. Japanese Mediterranean, 229. Laundrymen, 300. Leper boats, 312. Li Hung Chang, 331, 332 Lithographing, ah Locomotives, 254: Malta, 241. Mandarins, 281. Mariner’s compass, 228. Medicines, 301, 302, 331- Mediterranean, 241 Merchants, 308, 315 Mobs, 274, 280, 281, 292. Mountains, 242, 243, 244, 250. Mountain rece Hong-Kong, 243, 244, 251, 252 Musa, Saracen, 22 Mustaches, 287. Napoleon, 335- Ophthalmia, cause of, Opium, 267. Opium trade, 266, 267. Opium War, 262, 265, 266, 281. Pagodas, 268, 289, 295 , 290, Papacy, 227- Paper, 228. Paris, 296. Pawn-shops, 297; 298. Pekin, 314. Penang, 238. Personal appearance, 242, 243. Photographing in China 205- Picnics, Pirates, 260, 261. Pirates, execution of, Placards, incendiary, 2 Playing cards, 228. Police, Hong-Kong, 237, 246. Police precautions, 246. Population, 22 Population, Ca Srront 296. Population, Hong-Kong, Porcelain, 228. e beef, 2 “ 288. 265, 266, 201. cs 1 peo J 5 es a. 3 9 y to 00 ere eh p Prisons, 323 Prisoners, 323, 324, Progressive party, 254. Queen of England, 26 Queues, 270, 287, 288. Queues, origin of, 28 Race with the sun, A, 269. Railroads, 254. Railroads, opposition to, 254. Nn Un Ww nN OV Rainfall, 243, 244. Rangoon, 238. Ramis etc.) 300,555. Rats, 2or- Red Sea, 241. Deere a 5 Reservoirs, 250, 251. 207: 292; 244, 250, 270, 273» Residences, | 283. Restaurant, Rhine, 229 Rivers, 253 | Roads, 252, 2 5 20 Le N | a) a , ° go P o N 2 oO } Sacred hogs, 292, 295. Salutes at Hong-Kon Sampans, 232, 309, 3 Saracen aphorism, 2 Shameen Island, 270, Shanghai, 254, 314. Shops, 236, 282, 283, 300. Shrine, 282, 299. Sights < and odors, 276, 314. Sikhs, 237: Silk embroideries, 228. Singapore, 23 Singing girls, 31 Size, 22 Spain, Steamship oka 23 Street scenes, etc., 235, 281, 290, 291, 292, Students, 329. Suez Canal, 2 Se or 257, 202, 204, | 295. |. Taiping Rebellion, 32 287. 228. 22 = 3 Alvantau, WEA, Temples, 283, 292, 298. Temple of Five Hundred Gods, | 208: Tientsin, 314. Torture for prisoners, 324, 325- Treaty ports, 262. Trees, shrubs, flowers, 244, Typhoons, 230. Union Jack, 238. U nice States, to = nr 245, 246, 250, 251, 250. Victoria Peak, 249 Wall, Great, 332, 333 Walls, 289, 3325 War of 1841, ( 265. Waterbury clocks, 283. Whampoa, 262. Wheelbarrows, 253; 254- Women, 305, 308. Wood-carving, 2 Worship, modes of Yokohama, to = 0 315- INDIA, I. AND I. Adam’s Peak, 20. Africa, 10, 193.Agra, I51, 199, 205, 206, 209, 210,.223,0 Akbar, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152 159, 199, 200. Alexander the Great, 9. Alhambra, 154, 166 Allahabad, 177. Alps, 7. fee as.Q5 10, Arabi Pasha, 45, 46. Arabia, 49, 22 Arabian Nights Arabian Sea, eS Arctic Ocean, ro9. Arnapurna, 85. Arnold, Sir Edwin, 36, 37. Asia, 7, 78, 146. Athens, 68. Atlantic Ocean, 7, 11. Australia, 122. Baber, 147, 148. Baillie Gate, ue Banyan tree, 138, 140. Barnum, 64. Benares, 62, 67, 68, 71, 72, 77, W285 FOr SB GO, Oi, uM, wep, Tdi, a Beneall< 18. Bethlehem, on Bible, 72, 119. Birmingham, 83. 3ishop Heber, 10. Black Hole, 129, 13 Bombay, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 62, 118, 119, 120. Bosporus, 49. 130, I31. Botanical Gardens, 40, 138, 140. BLAlMAw5 Os 785 O5 1008. Brahmin, 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 199. Brahminism, 62 Buddhay 22.137, 305.754 20L, 102 HOB, WIS. WS. Buddhism, 9, nN Q ~ 9 3, 395 57> 61, Oo 62, 83, ror. Buddhists, 32, 72, 104. sullock carts, 14, 17; Oo On G2 fon Ge = Go co Oo Oo Bungalow, 20. surma, 32, 39, 160, 193. Burning Ghat, r4o, 141. Calcutta, 47, 103, 110, 205, tax 122, 129) To7 [20 eraOm ToT, Te eae oy le Os LAO: Campagna, 146. Canton, 134. Cashmere, 67. Cashmere Gate, 170. @aste, 65,00, 07, 08, OL Cawnpore, 175, 170, 177, 1983, 187, 188. @evilons 10, 11, 07) 16, 20, 20,25 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 38, 39, 46, 22 > A J* Chinay-o; 10, 11 Chinese, 89. Cholera, 78. Christianity, 39, Christians, 39, 189. Colombo, rr, 1 , 46. Columbus, 9, 147. Connecticut, 44. Cremation, 78, 145. Crimean War, 172 Damascus, 209. Daniel, 195. Darjeeling, 103 Tet eset oe Darwin, 89. Delhi, 62, 146, 164, 169, 170, 205,210. De Staél, Madame, 218. ee 12. ce ‘pt, 45, 61 Klephanta, 58. Blechant’ 2 I3I. Reaiyca, Queen, 148. England, 66, 187, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195. English army, 176, 183, 188, Equator, 7, 9. European protectorates, 195. Everest, Mount, Famine, 92. Fanatics, go, 189. Fire worshipers, France, 117, 118, 195 Ganges, 68, 72 79, 86, 90, 91, 177, 187. Germany, 117, 11 Granada, 49, 209. Grand Oriental Hotel, Colombo, 135 4 Great Britain, 9 Great Eastern Hotel, 27 eo. 220. Hall of the Winds, Halls of Snow, Havelock, General, 182, 183. leat. Oy 103. Henry IV., 148. Himalayas, 10, HOB, WU), HUI, WA, We, oe Hinduism, 9, oe 3¢ )2, 7> Gi, 635 Hindus, 9 I 89, QT, 96, INDEX N U1 O2 w N ee) oO Oo co Ov co oO’ CO U1 190, 193. Hindustan, 58, 7 Hong Kong, 195. Hospital for animals, 57. Hugli River, 119, 131, 140. Indian, N. A., 178. Indian Ocean, 7, 10, r1. Ireland, 29, 118. Italy, 9, 118. Itmad-ud-Daulat, 199, 200. Jahangir, 200. Japan, g, 18, 32, 39, 118. Jehanara, Tomb of, arr, 212. Jerusalem, 71, 109. Jesus, 151. Jews, 395 49, 71. Jeypore, 62, 63, 65, 66, Judea, 39. oO’ ae OV co Juggernaut, 91, 196. Julius Czesar, ie! Jumna River, rgg, 221. Jungfrau, 218. Kali, 85, 132, 133 Kalighat, 132, 133, 134, 138. Kandy, 28, 30, 32, 38, 39, 45, 46. Kineton DLO, LIL. H G2 > 9° Kohinoor, 152. Koran, 49, 153, 164, 190, 222 No ° Ov . Kutub Minar, 160, 163, 166. Lalla Rookh, 147, 158. Land-leeches, 25. Lawrence, Sir Henry, 172, 175. London, 63, 178. Lucknow, 171, 175. Madras, 118. Maharajah, 63, 66, 67, 189, 195. Mahomet, 206. Maidan, 120. Malabar Hill, 49 Massachusetts, 66. Max Miller, 9. Mecca, 71. Mediterranean, 49, 108. Michelangelo, 152. Midnight sun, tog. Mississippi River, 7. Moguls, 9» T205e 0 Logs L 5 199, 200, 205, 200, 2 st Mohammedans, Moslems, 39, AS, AQ, 715 GOs DLO, 140, 14775 Tor, LO@y LOd) LOS.) Los) LOO, 206, 209, 2I5. Monaco, 108. Monkey Temple, 89. Moore, Thomas, 147, 158. Mosaics, 153, 154, 157, 201. ae 71, 25 73> 74> oi Pop Mosque of Cordova, 147.14 Mutiny, 5 Nana, 177, 178, 181, 183, 184, 187, 189. Napoleon, 30. New York, 44. General, 159, 169. Nicholson, INiles 46; Or; 73- North Cape, 109. North Pole, 9, 112. Nuwara Eliya, 28. Old Moslem ‘Tombs, 165, 166. 166. 170, I71. Omar Khayyam, Palatine, 68. Palms, 17, 18, 40, 43, 47- Pariah, 96, 98, IOI, 102, 199. Paris, 196. Parsee Cemetery, 55, 56, 57- Parsees, 39, 48, 49, 59, 53 CaaS eee thenon, 218. 545 On Rar Peacock Throne, 157, 158. Pearl Mosque, 206, 209. Pennsylvania, 92. Persia, 48, 49, 159, 223- Pilgrims, 86, go oe Plato, 68. Portuguese, 58. Prayer machines, 104, 105. Prince of Wales, 35. Prison of Shah Jehan, 210, 212. Bimjabs 113.1223. Punkah, 14. Punkah Wallah, 14 Pyrenees, 7. Raphael, 152. Residency, the Rhine, 72; Rock-hewn fonnles EOe Oi, 02: Lucknow, 171. > 20 nn Roman Empire, 118. Rome, 71, 146. Roof of the World, Te Russia, 189, 194. Sacred cows, 86, 97. Sacred Fire, 53, 55. Sacred Tooth, 32, 35, 37, 38; 138. Saigon, 195. San Salvador, 9 Sanskrit, 9, 10, Santa Sophia, 147. Sensitive plant, 45. Sepoys, 169, 170. Shah JiehanyerAye 50 158575575 150, 210,202, 224. Shah of Persia, 159. Siam, 32, 103. oe Singapore, ro. Siva, Snake charmers, 22, 25. 58, a. 85. Snakes, 21, 22, 25, 58- Spain, 147. Staircase of the Massacre, 182 Stamboul, 148. Sudras, Os 102. INDEX Suez Canal, 48. Sultan, 118. Suraj-al-Dowlah, 130. Taj Mahal, 151, 199, 202, 209, 210, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225. Teheran, 159. Tel-el-Kebir, 45 Thibet, 103, 104, 112, 223. Thugs, 133, 134. ditbers 72: Tigers, 21, 22, 25, 58, 86. Tomb of Akbar, 15 Towers of Senco BORO Vasco da Gama, g. Venice, 225. Victoria, Queen, 67, 118, 152. Vishnu, 58, 80, 84, 85. Washington Obelisk, 163. Waterloo, 30. Well Memorial, Cawnpore, 183, 184. Well of Purification, 80, 83. Wheeler, Sir Hugh, 176, 18t. Wolves, 22, 58. Zoroaster, 48, 151 Amie Chieieyt 777. 177» PASSION PLAY. America, 240, 246. 240. Australia, 240. Bavaria, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 273, 283 290, 301, 302. Antigone, 254, 206, Bethany, 261, Chicago, 273. Daisenberger, Father, 246, 249. Ettal Monastery, 233, 234. Franco-Prussian War, 23 Galilee, 309, 310. Jerusalem, 254, 279, 291, 301, 310. Judea, 308. Julius Czesar, 291. Kofel, 237, 262, 265, 272. Lang, Johann, 256, 280. Lechner, George, 259, 260, 261. Leonardo da ae 205 Linderhof, zt Ludwig IL., 5 BSc Maier, Frau, >hn o ™N H Maier, ecco 231, 240, 240, 256, 260, 262, 266, 267, 268, 292, 295, 296, 297, 302, 303, 307, 310, 319, 320, 321, 322, 327 3 Mirnau, Mystery plays, 229. Nazareth, 309. 231. Ober-Ammergau, 229, 230, 231, Q c ¢ 233, 237, 238, 243, 245, 249, 254, 255, 250, 259, 205, 200, 5 ? 7 Q 267, 271, 272, 273, 278, 284, 285, 307. Ober-Ammergau, accommoda- HONS, DYY%q Dy B74 Ober-Ammergau, burgermeis- ter, 249, 256, 259, 202, 280, 2 Ober-Ammergau, church, 245, 246, 262. Ober-Ammergau, Cross on Ko- fel 237, 239, 202, 205. Ober-Ammergau, recenes: 239. Ober-Ammergau, group of statu- 5 ary, 254. Ober-Ammergau, people 2 d ee oe 205, 277) 27 Ober-Ammergau, wood-carving, 234, 240. Othello, 244. Rubens, 331. Schiller, 249. Sophocles, 249. Tyrol, 230, 231, 265. Vienna, 239. THe DRAMA. Assignment of parts, 259. Costumes, 239, 240, 286, 292, 207- Crowds, 250, 271, 272, 278, 279 Music, 285, 286. Origin, 230. Periods, 229, 249 Receipts, 246 Rehearsals, 259. Salaries, deheatnes 240. 279, 280. SCENES. Ascension, 334. 3etrayal, 290, 304. Buffeting, 319, 3 Calvary, 290, 302 8 O, ORO » 320, 327, 332, 334 Christ before Herod, Christ before Pilate, 313: 310. 308, 309, Cross-bearing, 322. Crown of Thorns, 3 Gricifixion, 2245 220, 327, 328; 31, 332. Departure 302. Descent from the Cross, 331. Earthquake, 333. Entry into Jerusalem, 291, 292. Gethsemane, 290, 3 Last Supper, from Bethany, 301 202 302. Mount Moriah, Prelude, 285. 290.Resurrection, 333, 334. Sanhedrin, 296, 297, 298, 301. Scourging, 319. Tableaux, 289, 290, 291. Temple, 292, 208. CHARACTERS. Abel, 290. Adam, 290. Annas, 280, 297, 208. Barabbas, 313, 314. Caiaphas, 259, 297, 307, 308. Cain, 290. Centurion, 234, 244, 23 B22) 320, 328. Chorus, 286, 289, 291, 325, 334 Christus, 266, 291, 304, 322, 334 Devil, 249, 250. Herod, 244, 310. Isaac, 290. Joseph, 290. Joseph of Arimathza, 331. Judas, 240, 244, 250, 260 200) 200, 205, 80L, sor. 310. Mary, 280, 283, 284, 331, 334. Mary Magdalene, 32s. Nicodemus, 331. Peter, 240, 284, 285. Pilate; 240, 243, 270, SLOW ale 20s Priests, 310. 308, 300, 2 rdGe Roman guards, 304. Simeon, 261. St. John, 240, 243, 244, 284, 325, 331. Thomas, 277. Tobias, 290. Wandering Jew, 322. PARIS. Academy of Music, 51, 52, 55, 56. Acropolis, 14, 26. Alexandrian library, N oO’ Alsace, 14. American Revolution, 82. Anarchists, 26, 38, 44. Apollo, 26, 52. Apollo, statue, 52. Anarchy. 20, Arbiter of Europe, 115. Arcades, 19, 38. Arch of ‘Triumph, Carrousel, 24. Arch of Triumph of the Star, 625.05,000- INTOMES, Fy UO, Mls OP, CO, Git, foc Architects, Architecture, 14, 70, 75) 105. Athenians, 38. Athens, 14. 2 oad. INDEX Austerlitz, 15, 24, 42, 123. Austria, 45. Avenue de |’Opéra, 52. Avenues, 15, 52, 61, 62, 94. Bastille, 59, 60, 75. Bertrand, General, 120. Blanc, Mont, 56. Bois de Boulogne, 67. 5223 20, 42,00. 3onaparte, Jerome, 119. Bonaparte, Joseph, rrg. Boulevards, 7, 38, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49» 50, 51, 52, 59. Bourbons, 43, 76. Bonaparte, 21, 22 Bourrienne, 117. Bridges, 9, 20, 60, 61, 71, 95. Bronze Horses of St. Mark’s, 24. Bronze Horses, statues, 24. Cadiz, 75. Czesai, 685 93, 12 Cafés; 385 47, 40; Ca inay 20 Cairo, 75. Carmagnole, 107. Catharine de’ Medicis, 87. SLO. Champs Elysées, g, 24, 61, 62, 65, 70. Charlemagne, 29, 87, 107. Chateaubriand, 10, 43. Communists, etc., 19, 20, 25, 38, 44. Complet, 47. Conciergerie, ror. Conservatory, 34. Corneille, 37. Coronation of Napoleon I., 22, 118. Cradle of French liberty, Crown Prince Frederick, Crusades, 8. David, artist, 118. Death of a French king, 78, 88. 87. 89. Desecration of tombs, 106, 107, 108, 109. Desmoulins, Camille, 41, 42. Destruction of Bastille, 60, 6r. Doges’ Palace, 55. Domestic life, France, 67, 68. Duroc, 120. Egvpt, 26. Hiffel Tower, 71, 72. IDA, ai, wildy. Emperor’s birthday, 44, 65. Empress Eugenie, 22, TLS: England, 20, 23, 125. Ephesus, 26. Eugene Beauharnais, 116, 87, °2 eo Evans, Dr., 23. Exposition, 72. Figaro, 49. Birst Consuly trr. oe, G5. Fleur de lis, 43. Fountains, 9, 10, 75, 89, 94- Gallery of Apollo, 26. Gallery of Battles, go. Gallery of Diana, 22 Gallery 5 » 2 3° of Mirrors, 88, 89. Garden of Tuileries, 9, 15, 49. Germany, 48, 49. Gobelin tapestry, 29. Goddess of Reason, 7o. Grand Monarch, 88, rog. Grand Trianon, 77. Guillotine, 10, 13, 96, ror, 105. Hall of the Bull's Eye, 87. Henry IV., 108, 109. Hortense, EO; Hotel de Ville, 124. House of Moliére, 33, 37. Hugo, Victor, 46. Invalides, 1rog, 118. Italy, 20. Jardin des Plantes, rog. Jeanne d’Arc, Jeanne d’Arc, Jienal ro. 238 oe 33 53° Statue, 32, 3 iss) Josephine, 22, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118. Julian, Roman emperor, 8. King of Prussia, 89. King of Rome, 21, 44, 93. Kiosques, 50, 51. Lafayette, 82, 83. Lamballe, Princess, tor. Little Trianon, 77, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, IOL. Louis Philippe, 43, 84. [outs ules 108: Louis XIV., 10g. Louis XV., 109. TEQuiIS XOVilEs ros ne. rs. Qo nA 47 Q Q 79°, 77> 45 35, 945 03,90, LOL, 102, 110: Louis XVI., execution, 13. Howis << Villleerss: ouvne, 24, 25,205 20.) 52,70 124. Lutetia, 8. Miadeleme,, 0, 14 05545, 205, I0Q, IIo. Maintenon, Madame de, 88. Malmaison, 261, one, 105) 100; Tis UO. Marengo, 123. Maria Theresa, 82, 97, 99, 100, IOl. Marie Antoinette, ro, 15, 81, 82, 83, 95> 96, 97; 98, QQ, 100, IOI, TO2) LOS, LOOy CLO: Marie Antoinette, dairy, 99. Marie Antoinette, execution, 102, 105. Marie Louise, 93, 116. Mediterranean, 29. Melos, 29. Mirabeau, 38. Moliére, 33, 34, 38.16 Montmartre, 105. Napoleon I., 14, 15, 2 42, 43, 44, 65, 66, 70, 87, 90 109, 110, III, 112, 117, 118, 120, 123, Napoleon III., rro. Notre Dame, 68, 69, 70, 71, 118. Obelisk of Luxor, 8, 9. Odeon, 37. Omnibuses, 46, 47. Opera House, 51, 52; 55, 56. Oriflamme, 106. Palais Cardinal, 37. Palais Royal, 37- Paris, shepherd, 30. Parthenon, 14. Petit Trianon, 77, 94; 95, 99; 97, gg, 100, TOT. Place de la Bastille, 45, 59. Place de la Concorde, 8, 9, 14, 15, 19, 61, 65, 66, 102. Place de l’Opéra, 51, 52. Place du Carrousel, 2 Place of the Revolution, 13. Plymouth Rock, 33. 23 22 22, Prince Imperial, 23. Prince Imperial, statue, 23. Promenade Solitaire, 115. Prometheus, 93. Prussia, 14, 66. Pyramids, battle of, 123. Rabelais, 87. RACINE, 37): Ravaillac, 108. Regent diamond, 29. Reign of Terror, 9, 10r. Revolution, 16, 69, 76, 78, 102, 106, Ir0. Richelieu, 37- Rivoli, Romans, 8, 68, 69. Rue de la Paix, 38. Rue de Rivoli, 15, 19, 32. NRT ge sterol Rue Royale, 14, 15. St. Denis, first bishop of Paris, 105. St. Denis, Cathedral, 105, 106, 107, 109, III. 22 23- Si, Iklclema, 22, m0, He, 23, 125. Ship IL@UWIS, 13), Woy Y 3t. Mark’s Cathedral, 24. CalardyOrom5s- NM Second Empire, 22. Sedan, 22. eine, 9, 61, 68, 71, 120. Shops, 19, 38, 72. YN Spain, 20. Temple, the, ror, 105. Temple of Glory, 15. Tennis court, 87. INDEX ThéAatre Frangais, 33, 34, 37- Trianons, the, 77; 94, 95, 96; 97; 100, IOI, 102. Trocadéro Palace, 72, 75- Tuileries, 9, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 40, 102, 124. Turenne, Marshal, 109. Ulm, 24. Vela, go. Venddme Column, 42, 43, 44; 45, 124. Venice, 24. Venus of Melos, 29, 39, 31; 22: Venus of Melos, statue, 29, ; BL e2. Versailles, 41, 76, 77, 78; 84, 875 89; 90, 93, 95, 99, 102, 105, 109. Vienna, 45, 51, 100. Voltaire, 33, 45, 87. Washington, George, 82. Waterloo, 15, 24, 43, 176. William I., Emperor of Ger- many, 89. LA BELLE FRANCE. Abd-el- Kader, 182. Abdication of Napoleon I., 136, Tey Accursed Mountain, 217, 218. Algeria, 182. Alps, 130, 183, 194, 225. Amboise, 157- Andrea del Sarto, 145. S Sp; ms Antoninus Pius, 243. Arizona, 203. Arles, 130. Augustulus, 172. Augustus, 243, 244, 245, 246, 250. Austerlitz, 172. Avalanches, 209, 211, 216. Ave Maria, 229. Avignon, 130. Azay-le-Rideau, 157. Bacchus, 167. Baden-Baden, 213. Baiz, 229. Balzac us. Barry, Madame du, 162. Baths rosy Loz, Loos LOO, 107, 212-2 302 é iS 32 245: 203, 205, 200, 207, Bay of Biscay, 168, 173. Béarn, 175, 176, 18r. H 3erlin, 130. Bernadette, 221, bere, 172% Bernese Oberland, 173. Bertrand, General, 137. IBiaLiitz LOGs LOO wet 7Oy lye 72. Blois, 149, 150, 156, 157. Bordeaux, 130, 166, 167. Bordeaux, Grand Opera House, 168. Bordeaux wines, 167. Bordighera, 227. Bourbons, 136, 159. Bourgeois gentilhomme, 158. Bridges, 157, 167, 168, 194, 195. Buddhism, 228. Buffon, r6r. (@zesarsre45) 1725 L077. Ceesar, Julius, 197. Caniorree i. Calais, 129. Cannes, 230. Carriole, 192. Cascade, 210, 211. Casinos, 169, 171, 213, 233, 239, 9 230. Catharine de’ Medici, 150, 156, 162. Caulaincourt, 137. Cauterets, 196, 197, 203, 204, 214. ay ini Qe r c Cellini, Benvenuto, 145. Chambord, 157, 158, 159, 160. Chambord, Count de, 159. Chaos, the, 208, 209. Charlemagne, 211, 212. Charles Martel, 242. Charles V., 145, 146, 147. Chenonceaux, 157, 159, 160, 161. Cher River, 159, 160, 161. Chinon, 157. Christina of Sweden, 147, 148. Cleft of Roland, 211, 212, 214. Climate, 230, 231. Colosseum, 241. Constant, valet, r4r. Cornice, the, 226. Corsica, 228. Cossacks, 137. Court of Adieux, 131, 132. Court of Honor, Blois, 150. Cradle of Henry IV., 179. Diana of Poitiers, 151, 157, 160, 162. Diderot, 161. Double staircase, 158, 159. Dresden, 130. Dumas, 152. Dupin, Madame, r6t. Eaux Bonnes, 187, 189, 190, IQI, 192, 196, 197, 214. Eaux Chaudes, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 197. Elba, 135. Empress Eugenie, 162, 170, 171. England 175, 176. Etampes, Duchess of, 146, 147, 162. Etex, 176. Farewell to Old Guard, 134, 135. Fleur de lis, 158. Florence, 130.Fontainebleau, 130, 131, 34, 137, 138, 142, I45. 146, 147, 160. Hrancis l-,) 1393, 145, 140, 0A7. 150, 158, 160. Francis II., 157, 160. Franco-Prussian War, 220. French Revolution, 143, Obi, WG. Wit, 22 99) 159; Froissart, 181, 219. Gabrielle d’Estrées, 131. Galerie des Cerfs, 147. Gallery of Diana, 147. Ganges, 224. Gard River, 246. Garnier, Charles, Architect, 233. Garonne River, 166. Gaston Phoebus, 181. Gaul, 197. Gavarnie, 208, 209, 211, 212. Gave, 174, 210. Gemmi, 205. Geneva, 129. Genoa, 130, 226, 232. Germany, 129, 130. Glaciers, 209, 210, 216. Gladiators, 243. Goths, 242. Grand Cafion, Arizona, 203. Guise, Duke of, 152, 155. Hanover, 130. Heliopolis, 224. Henry II., 160. Henry, 11Y., 152. Henny, Ue, 132, 133, 180, 181. Henry of Navarre, 176. Horseshoe staircase, 131. Hotel des Invalides, 176. Islam, 228. Italy, 129, 130, 136, 145, 226. Ivan, Napoleon's physician, 137. Jeanne d’Albret, 180. Jeanne d’Arc, 157. Josephine, 138, 141, 142. King of Rome, 150. Lac de Gaube, 198, 199, 200, 176, 179, 202. Lady of Lourdes, 224. Last Supper, 145. La Touraine, 148, 156, 157, 165, 166. Leonardo da Vinci, 145, 157- Leuk, 205. Lichtenthaler Allée, 213. Loire, 148, 156, 157- Louis Napoleon, 182, 194. IL@eHe, los 1659/- Louis XII., 150. Louis XIV., 147, 148, 158. Lourdes, 219, 221, 223, 224. Lourdes, Grotto, 221, 222, 224. Luchon, 213, 214. INDEX Machiavelli, rso. Madrid, 146, 232. Maladetta, 174, 184, 217, 218, 219. Maintenon, Madame de, 162. Maison Carrée, 243. 246, 16 2A, 2.0. Marcus Agrippa, Marie Antoinette, 2, 172, Marie de’ Medicis, 162. Marie Louise, 150. Maritime Alps, 225, 23r. Marseilles, 129, 130. Martyrs, 243. Mary Stuart, 157, 160, 161. Matterhorn, 174, 217. Mediterranean 227, 231. Médoc, 167. Mentone, 227, 230. Milan, 130. Molde, 173. Moliére, 158. Monaco, 231, 232, 238. Monaldeschi, Marquis, 147. Monte Carlo, 232, 233, 234, 235, 2305 2a, 280s Montespan, Madame de, 162. Moors, 210, 211. Moscow, 137. Munich, 130. Naples, 130. Napoleon I., 133, 134, 135, 136, 37, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, Tlie TSO), WOM, NGft, 17, 7/0), 181, 226, 228, 242. Napoleon I., attempted suicide, 137. Napoleon III., 162, 170, 171, I72, 182, 194, 195. Navarre, 176, 180. Nemausus, 241. Netherlands, 145. New York, 186. Nice, 226, 229, 230, 238. Sane 7325. Nimes, 130, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249. Norway, 192, 208. Norwegian pony, 192. Offenbach, 245. Old Guard, 134. Palms, 227, 228; 233. Panticosa, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207. Paris; L20y 130, 142,133, 2345 148, 181, 183, 189, 194, 232 234, 244. Paris, Grand Opera House, Parma, 130. Pau, 172; 173, 174; 175) 182, 2Il, 210. Petit Trianon, 16r. Pic de Ger, 192. Pic du Midi, 174. Bisass1g0: 184, | 17 Plessis, 157. Poitiers, Diana of, 151, 157, 160, 162. Pompadour, Madame de, 162. Pont du Gard, 246, 249, 250. Pope Pius Vill. te, 149-744, Port de Venasque, 204, 214, 218. Prince Imperial, 171. Prince of Monaco, 232, 236, 238. Pyrenees, 130, 148, 166, 173, 182, £83, 164, 165, 107, 100, 102, EQ3, 104, TO5; 196, 107, LOG, IQ9, 202, 203, 208, 2009, 211, 2125 204, 205, 210 215; 210s 223. Raggi, 176. Ravaillac, 18r. Reign of Terror, 172. Richard the Lion Hearted, x Richelieu, 165. Rigi, 174. Riviera, 130, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231. Roadways, Pyrenees, 183, 186, 189, 194, 226. Roland, 211, 212. 249, 250. 42° Rome: igo) 1445 245, 246, 250 Romsdal, 17 Roman Empire, Romans, 229, 2 220, 232, 241, 3: Rose of Eden, 225. Rouen, 130. Roulette, Rouge et noir, 2255 230n. 2375 230 Rousseau, 161. St Dt. St: St. Se Saracens, 242. Scott, Sir Walter, 157. Sedan, 172. Segovia, 246. Spains 145), 160, tay tos, 197, 203, 214, 240. Staél, Madame de, 16s. Staubbach, 210. Stuttgart, 130. Sunsets in the Pyrenees, 218, 2109. Switzerland, 174, 183, 185, 217. Tell, William, 184. Toulouse, 130. Tuileries, 171. Venice, 130. Vernet, Horace, 135. Versailles, 135, 148, 157, 159. Via Mala, 196. Vienna, 232. 234) 22a; e 3ernard, 205. Denis, 18r. Helena, 138, 172, 2209. iPetenisn 2275 Sauveur Bridge, 194. 184, 209, 2II, 216, Vignemale, 174,18 Villa Eugenie, 17 Vinaigrette, 191, Voltaire, 16r. Oo. Ig2 Votive tablets, 223, 224. Wagram, 172. Waterloo, 138, 172. Weimar, 130. Zola, 223- SPAIN. Abd-er-Rahman, Abou ben Adhem, 261 Acropolis, 320, Africa, 340, 364, Alcantara, 285. Bleep Alha at, King, Jhambra, 318, 338, 339, 349 347, 348, 349, 354, 3595 360, Allah, 363. Seville, 313, 332- 7: 0 2 S55 me 9 352 333» 334), 337) 343, 344, 345> 350, 351, 3535 363, 366. A los Toros, 294. America, 255. Andalusia, 314, Arabian Nights, 3 Arabs, 312, 365. Arbor vite, 317. Armada, 281. Armory, Madrid, Asia, 346, 354. Athens, 320, 337. Athens of the We Atlantic, 262, 2 3anderilleros, 298, 309, 310. 314, : 322, 353, 300. 322 Det 359. 3 269, 270. Sty en 2 304, 305, 306, Barber of Seville, 329. 3eaumarchais, 329. Beggars, 256, 264, 330. Belgium > ’ Boabdil, 254. 270, 36 0, 363, 364. 3onaparte, Joseph, 266 Bosporus, 265. Bull-fighting, 2 >) 392) 300, 301, 306, 307, 308, Bull-ring, Madrid, 3, 294, 295; 290, 393, 304, 305, BOO LO, SLL: 297, 298. Burgos, 257, 258, 26r. Burgos Cathedral, 257, 258, 26r. @zesar, 317. Carthage, 3 Castile, 257. Cathedra ‘ls, 25 Cervantes, 27 Champs i; 1S Charles V., 26 I7- China, 314. Christians, 3375 363. 261, 284, LN DEX Chulos, 298, 307, 308, 309- Cid, 261, 262. Cleopatra, 317. Climate, Madrid, 263, 264. Cologne, 278. Columbus, 255, 279; 330, 333- Constantinople, 287. SoCo ss Cordova, 311, 312, 313, 314, 319, Aee ieee Cortez, 255, 279, 330. Court of Myrtles, 346, 348. Court of the Lions, 354, 357) 358. Da Gama, 255. Damascus, 287, 364. Don Juan, 322. Don Quixote, 270. Egypt, 340. England, 359. Ephesus, 317. Escorial, 275, 276, 277, 278, 2 280, 281, 282. Eugénie, 337- Fan-flirtation, 328. Ferdinand, 266, 270, 363. Figaro, 322. France, 254, 255, 312. Frascuelo, bull-fighter, 305, 307, 309, 310. Galileesarm: Gate of Justice, 340, 344. Gautier, 282. Germany, 254. Gibraltar, 365. Giralda, 320, Bon 8323 Sou? Goths, 254, 262, 284, 285, 287 Government, 266. Granada, 270, 314; 332, 334) 3375 340, 349, 352, 360, 363, 364, 365, 366. Gratings, 325 Greece, 340. Guadalquivir, 262, 285, 320, 322, 328, 330, 331, 332. Guido, 273, 275 Gypsies, 353- Hall of Abencerrages, 359. Hall of Ambassadors, 348. Hercules, 261. Holland, 254. House of Parliament, Madrid, 270. Humboldt, 312. Immaculate Conception, 274. India, 255. Inquisition, 277. Inscriptions, Alhambra, 349, 357. Irving, Washington, 349. Isabella, 333 Islam, 358 Italy; 254, 272; 284. Jerusalem, 283, 284, 3 2 G2 © Jesus, 317- Jews, 284, or Judea, 276 Koran, 357: Last sigh of the Moor, 363, 304. Lisbon, 292. London, 313. Louvre, 274. Madrid, 254, 255, 257, 202, 263, 264, 265, 270 NT 2725 27B. 275, 283, 204) 31%, 327 Mantillas, ee Manzanares, 262, 263. Matadors, 296, 298, 299, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309. Mediterranean, Mexico, 270. Milan, 26r. Montpensier, Duke of, 3 Moorish attainments, 312. Moors, 254, 261, 26 284, 285, 287, 29: 2 254, 350. ae Moslems, 322, 3 Mosque of Alh ee 350. Mosque of Cc 316, 317, 31 nee Mernillo, 2735 274, 275, ce7- Naples, 320. Napoleon, 263, 265 Nero, 334. Netherlands, 273. Palace, Madrid, 265. Palm-trees, 254, 32 Pantheon, 279, 280. Rams. 2704 oleae Patios, 324. Pedro the Cruel, 334 Peru, 270. Philippe lee cOns27Ose7o. 276, 279, 280, 281, 282. Powdbij IW. 2773. Phoenicians, 284. Picadors, 298, 301, 302, 304, Picture Gallery , Madrid, 272 2735 274. Pillar of Hercules, 365. Pisa, Pizarro, 255, 270, 330. Prado, 271, 272, 274. Promenece Seville, Puerta del Sol, 264, Pyrenees, 253, 255- Raphael 2725275. Religious re 326. Roderick, Romans, a eos 284. Rome, 284, 311, 320, 339- 2.2 2,3 275» 320. ee 20 2°22Rossini, 329. Rubens, 274. St. Bartholomew, Massacre, 281. St. Ildefonso, St. Lawrence, 275, 276. St. bale ons St, Peters, 310, QQ 200. 320. St. Petersburg, 26 Sahara, 276. San Telmo, Saracens, 28 5. 327; 332° 5. Scipio, 317. Seville, 262, 314, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329 323, 324, 329, 327, 320, 329, 339, 331; 332 3, 334, 300 2, 33 Seville, Cathedral Shakespeare, 271. Sierra Nevada, 337, 364. 285, 292, 203. 365. Menters, 274. Tintoretto, 274. Ditian, 273, 2755 200. Toledo, 262, 270, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 202, 293, 306, 308. Toledo, Cathedral, 288, 289, 201. Toreadors, 296, 305. Moron art Tower of Gold, 330. Trains, 256. Tsar, 265. Velasquez, 273. Venice, 339. Venus, 326. Veronese, 274. Vesuvius, 320. William the Conqueror, 359. Winter Palace, 265. Wood-carving, Toledo, 290. 290, BERLIN. Alexander I., 95. Alsace, 109. Amazon, statue, 32- American Bars, 41. Armory, 15, 16. Arrival, 9. Augusta, Empress, 24, 66, 69. Austrian War. 98. Babelsberg, 73, 74- Bache 77a no: 3eds, 74. 3eer drinking, 38, 41, 48. 3erlin Congress, 107. Bismarck, 9, 12, 19, 54, 98, 99; £00, 107, 108, 109, IIO, IIT, Ti2. INDEX Bliicher, statue, 17. Brandenburg Gate, 10, 11, 18, 25, 60, Bulow, 17. Cabmen, 9g, 10, 25, 26. Cabs: 9; 20; 25, 20, 27. Champs Elysées, 12, I5. Charlottenburg, 64, 66, 104. Charlottenburg, mausoleum, 66, 69. City Hall, 38, 39. Coleridge, 75. Cornflowers, 63. Favre, Jules, 109. Franco-Prussian War, 7, 19, 20, 97, 98. Frederick, Crown Prince and Emperor, 22, 175 20, 425.47. 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104. Frederick, Empress, 100. Frederick the Great, 17, 23, 24, 32; 33, 35> 425 44, 48, 555 59, 73, 76) 77, 78; 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96; 97- Frederick the Great, statue, 23, Pc, (St Frederick William III., 28, 61, 64, 65, 66, 95. Frederick’s dogs, 92. Friedenskirche, 104. Gambrinus, 48. Garrison Church, 92. Gneisenau, statue, 17. Grand Elector, statue, 4r. Guard House, 25, 52. Hebrews, 59, 100, 103. Hemans, Mrs., 69. Jena, 62, 63. Kaulbach, 34. Lasker, 59. Lion Killer, statue, 31. Location, 27. Louisa, Queen, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 95. Louisa, statue, 62. Louis Napoleon, 7, 19, 109. Lysippus, 33- Mackenzie, Dr , 103. Mazarin, ft. Military element, 20, 5D° Moltke, 9, 12, 19, 104. Monument of Victory, 18, 19. Music culture, 35, 36, 37, 60. Napoleon I., 7, 11, 17, 18, 62, 655 95, 96, III. New Museum, 33. Odors, 27, 28. Old Emperor William’s Palace, 2 3 qT, 25, 51, 53> 54- Danisn 74 LL sb 5) fos LO: Parliament, 45. Place of Paris, rr. 19 Population, 8. Potsdam, 63, 75, 78, 81, 84, 85, 89, 92, 95, 96. Potsdam, New Palace, 97. Potsdam Palace, 85. Potsdam station, 23. Praying Boy, statue, 33. Rauch, 23. Reichstag, 59. Restaurants, 37, 38, 41- Richelieu, rrr. Royal Museum, 28, 31, OO 35, 100. Royal Opera House, 35. Royal: Palace 42,495 44.45. 5 52. St. George’s Statue, 42. Sand-box of Germany, 27. San Remo, go. Sans SOuCI, 74.76; 77, 703 85, 86, 89, 104. Scharnhorst, 17. 9°, Sedan, 17, 19, 109. Sentinels, 25. Seven Years War, 95, 97- Slippers for palaces, 44, 45. Spree, 27, 44. Street cleaning, 23. Street petitioners, 24. Summer, 61. Synagogue, 56. Theatres, 35, 37, 30- Thiergarten, 23, 60, 104. Thiers, 109, 110. ‘Throne Room, ‘Tilovere,, 333}. Tilsit, Treaty of, 65. To Berlin, 7, 8. Tree of Petitions, 86. Triumphal entries, 12, 19. United Germany, 8, 9, 17. University, 9. Unter den Linden, 6, 47. 15; 12, 17; 23, 25, 28, 41, 51, 52, 108. Wersatlles, 3507, 75, 100. Voltaire, 78, 81, 82, Vorwartz, 17. War Academy, 18. Warlike character, 17. Warrior statues, 17, 18. White Hall, 45. White Lady, 43, 44. William I., Kaiser, 12, 24, 42, 46, 47, 52, 53, ! 56, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69, 99, TO4. William II., Kaiser, 42, 78, 97, 103, 107. Windmill at Potsdam, 89. Winter, 61. York, statue, 17. Zodlogical Garden, 60. Qu 3, 84, 85. Oo 45)VIENNA. Apartment houses, 137, 138. Architecture, 12 Aspern, 162. Attila, 223. Aurelius, Marcus, 116, 119, 222. Austerlitz, 171. Beethoven, 131, 152. 3elvedere Palace, 164, 201. Berlin, 115. Black Forest, 222. Blenheim, 164. 3rahms, 152. Gates: 134, 137, 15k Canova, Iol. Carlotta, 214. Charles, Archduke, 198. Charles, Archduke, statue, 162. Christina, Archduchess, Tomb of; LOL, LOZ. Church of the Augustines, ror. Church of the Capuchins, 171, 187, 189. City Hall, 128, 131. City Park, 157. Court Theatre, 124, 127. Crusades, 177, 178, 223. Danube, 116, 119, 192, 195, 217, QTC, 2205222, 220. Diirrenstein, 218, 2 Elba, arr. Elizabeth, Empress, 213. Eugene, Prince, 162, 163, 164, 198. Eugene, Prince, statue, 162. Francis I., 187, 189. Franz Joseph, 120, 127, 128, 143, 161, 188. Frederick the Great, 143, 170. Gemiithlich, 154. Gloriette, 203. Gluck, 144, 145. Graben, 183, 184. Haydn, 131, 144, 152. Heroes’ Square, 161, 164. Historical Museum, 131. Horse-cars, 182. Hugo, Victor, 224. Hungary, 116, 119, 147, 148. Imperial Arsenal, 196, 198, 199. Imperial Library, 161, 165. Imperial Museums, TOs a LOD. 21. 146, TOs LAB, 164. Imperial Palace, 164, 165, 169. Imperial Treasury, 166. Tron stick, 184. Joseph Il., 144, 147, x60, 170, I7L, 172, 183, 187, 198, 200, Joseph II., statue, 169. INDEX Josephine, 160. Julian, rr9. Kaunitz, 144, 145, 146. Kaunitz, statue, 144. King of Rome, 188, 207, 208, art. Koniggratz, 196. Leo XIII., Pope, 188. Louis XIV., 163. Madrid, 195. Maria Josepha, 1go. Maria Theresa, 131, 143, 144, WAG, Wi, uA, ug, WO), IS), 189, 190, 204. Maria Theresa, statue, 143. Marie Antoinette, 120, 217. Marie Louise, 120, 166, 169, 188, az. Marlborough, 164. Martel, Charles, 116. Maximilian, 188, 213. Mazarin, 163. Ménéval, 211, 212. Mexico, 188, 214. Millocker, 152. Moats, 120, 183. Moscow, 115, 207. Moslem invasion, 115, 116, 131, TOG. LOA ly os eli/45 2236 IMozaTte= Tot. = TAA noon 77, 217. Miihlbach, Louisa, 144. Music, 152, 153, 054. Napoleon I., 120, 162, 166, 171, TG; 1Q0, 204, 207, 208, 2r1, 212, 213, 221, 223. Napoleon III., 214. Nile, 222. Opera House, 138, 139. Ovid, 222. Palace Gate, 16r. Palestine, 218, 223. anise sulQ. lon Toe. eta On. LAG. 163. Parliament, House of, 123. Picture galleries, 161, 164. Prater, 200, 201. Presburg, 147. Reichstadt, Duke of, 188, 208. Rhine, 217. Richard Cceur de 221, Lion, 218, Ringstrasse, 120, 121, 122, 124, TAS WHO), URI, WOW, WO Romans, 116, 131, 222. Rudolph, 188, 189, 213. St. Helena, 207, 208, 22r. St. Petersburg, 115. St stephens, 1725073, 1745 77 17S}, We, W}7/c Sadowa, 196. Schonbrunn, 203, 204, 207, 213, 214. Schubert, 131, 152. Schwarzenberg, statue, bridge, garden, and palace, 195, 196, 198, 200. Seine, I19. Sidewalks, 134, 137. Sobieski, 116, 174. Stephanie, 189. Strauss Family, the, 152, 153, HS 4o Loe LOOe Street markets, 183. Street messengers, 182. Suppé, 152. Switzerland, 217. To-day, poem, 201, 202. Trajan, 222. Trinity Column, 184. University, 123, 124, 161. Vesper service, 181. Vienna beer, 203. Vindebona, 116. Votive Church, 127, 128. Wagner, 138, 152. Water carts, 182, 183. Waterloo, 207. Wiener Wald, 184. Wien River, 195. Xenophon, 119. ST. PETERSBURG. Admiralty, 265. Alaska, 228, 289, 303. Alexander I., 245, 294, 297. MNlexander sls, 240,5 25058 2525 261, 292. Alexander IIJ., 253, 255. Alexander Column, 238, 244, 245, 246. Alexis, 254. Arctic Circle, 230. Baltic, 235, 270, 276. Bering Strait, 289. Berlin, 255. Black Sea, 270. Bosphorus, 228. 3ridge of Sighs, 255. Cab, 243, 244. Cezesar, 262. Caspian Sea, 269, 270. Catharine Il, 252, 255, 256, 250, 289, 291, 208. Catharine II., statue, 259. Charles hik e770. China, 228 Chinese wall, 269. Crown jewels, 250. Didérot, 259, 284. Diplomacy, 228. Dnieper, 270. Egypt, 238, 245, 249. England, 229, 283. Finland, 246, 265. Finland, Gulf of, 230, 235, 269.Fortress of Petropaulovski, 254. France, 228, 220, 283. Frederick the Great, 255. Ganymede of the Nev. aly Q Germany, 228, 273 255. Great Britain, 228. Hermitage, 255, 256 261. D <2005 N Ur ,O Holland, 274, 275 India, 228, 25x Inundations, 235. Italy, 273. Karnak, 237. Ladoga Lake, 286. London, 242, 275. Louis Philippe, 245. Louis X1V., 29 Louvre, 259. Madrid, 260. Mexico, 228. Naples, 244. Napoleon I., 2 Neva, , ee se oe ne 270, 297. Nicholas I., statue, 26t. Niniiers. 235, 252, 204. Orloff, 25r. Orloff Diamond, 250. Paris, 242, 244, 259, 297. pecernod 285, 297, 298, 299. Peter the Great, 230, 233, 244, Dod e20ly 20558200,5 200, 2735 27 An 2756270, 270 250.) 263, 284, 285, 286, 289, 297, 208. Peter the Great’s house, 266, 269. Peter the Great, statue, 265 Peter’s reforms, 279, 280, 283, 284. Polar Sea, 269, 270. Pompey’s Pillar, 238. Pyramids, 234. Romanoffs, Rasstarspanea,n22 76220. Russian art treasures, 259, 260, 261. Russian beards, 280. Russian costumes, 279. Russian horses, 244. Russian population, 228, 242. St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 230, 237, 238, 241. St. Nicholas Bridge, 236 St. Petersburg, approach to, 229. St. Petersburg, founding of, 230, 33, 234, 266. Sans Souci, 255. Sevastopol, 292. Seville, 260. Shrines, 236, 241, 270. Zot eaoes INDEX Siberia, Spain, 2¢ Stockholm, 279. Sultan, 2209. Tourgénieff, 227, 228. ‘Tsars-Koe- 292, 2 United States, Versailles, 297. Volga, 270. Wife-beating, 280, a Winter Palace, 246, 249, 250, 5: 233, 280. HO elo, Cee 290, 2Q1, 93, 297: 228. 251, 252) 254, 25 MOSCOW. Agra, 316. Arsenal, 317, 323. Asia, 335. Beresina, 33 Black Brood, 306. Burning of Moscow, 336. Cathedral of the BOT Ra2O China, 303. Church of the Saviour, Assumption, 309, 310, Bale Constantinople, 303, 335. Coronation of Tsars, 328, 336 Delhi, 316. Droshky, 305. Foundling Hospital, 316. Hall of St. Andrew, 331. Hall oft. George, san. Imperial Palace, 317, 328, 331. 312, 315 315, India, 316, 335. Invasion of Russia, 1812, 309, 323, 336. Ivan the Terrible, 319. Ivan Tower, 323, 324, 327, 328. Jerusalem, 303, 304. Kremlin, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 324, 328, 331, 335- Moguls, 316. Moskwa River, 316. Napoleon I., 304, ae 332, 330. Nijni Novgorod, 31 Paris, 336. Persia, 335. Peter the Great, 335. Redeemer Gate, 322, 323. Red Square, 318. Russian bells, 324, 327- Russian churches, 306, 309. St. Basil’s Church, 318, 319, 320, Bei. St. Helena, 336. St. Isaac’s Cathedral, 311. Siberia, 303. Sultan’s Treasury, 335- Tartary, 303- Throne of the Tsar, 332. Treasury, 317, 335. Venice, 327. THE RHINE. Agrippina, 107. Algiers, 63. All Saints Monastery, 41, 42. Altar of Bacchus, 66. Arenenberg, 14. Arndt, 100, ror, Attila, 9, 54. 102, 105, 106. Augusta, Empress, 24, 79, 80. Austria, 13. Bacharach, 64, 65, 66. Baden, 13 > Baden-Baden, 20, 23, 27, 28, 31, 33> 34, 36s 37, 39) 49, 42. Baden, @ld' Castle; a4.a5: Bavaria, 13. Beethoven, 100, ror. 3enedetti, 82. Berlin, 24, 86. Bingen, 63, 64. Bishop Hatto, 62. Bismarck, 86. Black Horest; 25, 33, 30, 30, 40: As Bonn, 99, 101, 105. Britain, roo. Byron, 82. Czesar, 9, 54, 100, Cassel, 85. Castles, 59. Castles of the Brothers, 73, 74. Charlemagne, 9, 54, 76, 95 Charles IV., 87 Childe Harold, 81. Coblentz, 75, 76, 79. Cologne, 106, 107, 111. Cologne Cathedral, 10g, ILO. Columbus, 109. @onstance, (bake; 13, 14517. Conversation House, 26, 2 32. Disraeli, 112. Drachenburg, 93. Drachenfels, 91, 92, 93, 94) 95» Drinking Hall, 32. Drusus, 54. Egypt, 53- Ehrenbreitstein, 76. Ehrenfels, 6r. Electors, 88. Ems, 82, 85, 86. England, 31. Eugénie, 17- Falkenburg, 74, 75 Falkenstein, 74, 75- France, 14, 15, 85. Franco-Prussian War, Franks, 9. 31, 64, 86.Ze, Frederick the Great, roo. French Revolution, 16, 100. Gambling, 28 Gauls, 9, 100. Germanicus, 106. Germany, 8, 17, 20, 42, 75, 01, 105, 107- Glaciers, 10, IIl. Greece, 81. Guttenberg, 54. Heidelberg, 45, 49, 51- Heidelberg Castle, 46, 49. Holland, 14. Hortense, 14, 15, 16. Hudson, 8, 9. Italy, 53, 8r- Janin, 57, 58. Jews, 65. Johannisberg, 57, 58. Josephine, 14, 16, 17, 96. Konigstuhl, 87. Lahn, 82. Lichtenthaler Allee, 38. Iworelet. 725 73: Louis XIV., 49. Mainz, 53, 54, 57) 59: Malmaison, 16. Messmer, Hotel, 24, 25, 27, 28, 2° Metternich, 57, 58. Moltke, 9, 86, 87. Monaco, 36. Moors, 95- Moscow, 36. Mosel, 75- Mouse Tower, 62. Napoleon I., 9, 15, 16, 17, 38, 54, 96, 100, IOl. Napoleon III., 14, 15, 16, 17, 85. National Monument, 64. Neckar, 45. Nero, 107. Neva, 26. Nice, 32. Niebuhr, go. Niederwald, 64. Nile, 7, 8. Nonnenwerth, 96. Normans, 9. Ober-Ammergau, 13. Oberwesel, 65, 68. Olympus, 99. Oos, River, 38. Ratnis meio: Pfeiffer’s Gorge, 12. Phidias, 110. Plato, roo. Pompey, roo. Pyrenees, 95. Rheinfels, 59, 60. Rheingold, 99. Rheinstein, 60, 61, 80. Rivers, 7, 10, 11. Roland, 95, 96. JONID EDS Rolandseck, 94. Romans, 9, 53) 54, 65, 75) g2, 100, 106, 107. Goat 7L, 72- St. Helena, 14, 16, 17, 38. St. Petersburg, 26. St. Werner, 65. Sagas, 99. Schaffhausen Falls, 18, 19, Tacs Schlegel, 99. Schonberg, 67. Seven Mountains, 88, 99. Shakespeare, ror. Siegfried, gr, 99. Silvanus, 106. Socrates, 100. Solomon, 92. Spain, 53. Stolzenfels, 80, 81, 82, 87. Switzerland, ro, 13, 17, 20, 81. Sannin aeen 2s Teutons, 9. Thorwaldsen, 54. Tiber, 9. Trajan, 106. Travel, modes of, 51, 52, 53. Valhalla, go. Valkyrie, 99. Vineyards, 58, 59. Vitellius, 106. Wagner, 96, 99. Watch on Rhine, 64, 79. William I., Emperor, 24, 38, 64, 80, 82, 85, 86, 107. Wiirtemberg, 13. Xenophon, roo. Qt, 7, Sit BELGIUM. Africa, 127. Alexander I., 138. Alpenglow, 116. Allvasr205 55: Antwerp, 120, 144, 159, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170. Austria, 128, 148. Belle Alliance, r5r. Berlin, 125, 138, 144. Bem ees. Blanc, Mont, 116. Bliicher, 152. Bourse, 136, 137. Bruges, 120, 161, 162, 163. Bruges, Belfry of, 162, 163. Brussels, 123, 124, 127, 129, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, 143, 147, 148, 153. Buffalo Bill, 143, 144. Ceesar, 153. Charles V., 159, 160, 164. Colosseum, 153. Constantinople, 155. 125, Croesus, 116. Crusaders, 155. Danube, 116. Dardanelles, 147. Defenses of Belgium, 147, 148. Edward I., 153. Egmont, 127, 130, 133, 134. Emperor William I., 144. England, 127, 148. Escorial, 130. Flanders, 120, 123, 154, 155- Flemings, 120, 123, 128, 129, 134, 153, 154, 155. Florence, 154. IDTBINCS, TNO), TLR) Wy URO, 138}, 142, 147, 148, 160, 163, 164. Genoa, 163. Germany, 119, 147, 148. Ghent, 120, 153, 154, 155, 159, 160, 161, 163. Gobelin tapestry, 127. Godfrey de Bouillon, 134, 135. Grand Canal, 116. Greece, 150. Grouchy, 152. Haye, Sainte, m5. Heroes’ Mound, 150. Himalayas, 118. Holmes, O. W., 136. Hoorn, 127, 130, 134. Hotel de Ville, 125, 126, 127. Hougoumont, 151. House of the King, 128. Iconoclasts, 156, 159. India, 159. Inquisition, 156, 168. Jerusalem, 135. Jews, 168. Laeken, Chateau of, 141, 142, 143. Leopold I., 138. Leopold II., 141, 142, 143, 168. London, 125, 138. Louis XIV., 126. Louis of Nassau, 134. Marathon, 150. Mexico, 164. Midas, 116. Midnight sun, 118. Monument of Victory, 138. Moors, 168. Napoleon, 142, 143, TORE LOM LOSE lOO: Nelson, 138. Netherlands, 119, 130, 156, 166, 168. Ney, 152. Nikko, 116. North Sea, 120. 128, 134, 153, I5I, 152, 164, Old Guard, 152. Palace of Justice, 137. Palestine, 135. l) Paris, 124, 12s, 1345/0360, 100;Persia, 159. Peru, 164. Philip Wie m20%n soy ne over Popocatepetl, 118. Population, 119. Prussia, 148. 55: Queen of Belgium, 142, 143. Rubens, 171. Russia, 142, 148. Steemetericn ruc. St. Petersburg, 138. Sahara, 116. Santa Sophia, 155. Saracens, 135. Schelde, 170, 172. Seine, 124. Spain, 130, 134, 164, 168. Spanish cruelty, 166, 167, 168. Stanley, 127. Sultan, 147. Switzerland, 148. Taj Mahal, 116. Trafalgar Square, 138. Travel, pleasures of, 115, 116, Tel 7, LEO: United States, 127. Van Artevelde, 154. Vendéme Column, 138. Venice, 163. Vesuvius, 118. Vienna, 125. Walloons, 120, 123, 129. Waterloo, 148, 149, 150, I51, To2) 0c. Wellington, 151, 152. William the Silent, 127, 133, 134. HOLLAND. Africa, 205. America, 188, 194, 198, 199. Amstel, 183. Amsterdam, 183, 189, 190, 193, 198, 199, 203, 205. Biarritz, 211. Blondin, 203. Borneo, 210. Brighton, 211. Canal boats, 193, 194. Charles II., 210. Cromwell, 210. Defenses of Holland, 18r. Dikes, 221, 222, 2 Dogs, 194, 197. Durgedam, 183. Dutch dress, 198, 215, 216. Dutch neatness, 200. Edam, 183. Emerson, 180. England, 210. Fire and water, 184. Fishermen, 211, 212, 216, 217. Gondolas, 190. 22 23- | INDEX Great Britain, 210. Hague, 182, 203, 204, 205, 207 208, 210, 211. Holland landscapes, 175, 176, 177. Indian Ocean, 210. Italy, 205. Java, 210. Lisbon, 204. Margate, 211. Mexico, 205. Netherlands, 177, 205, 208. New Guinea, 210. North Sea, 183, 217, 218, 222, Ostend, 211. Paris, 204, 206. Peru, 205. 1ovdbyo) IA. Bes Portuguese, 210. Rhine, 209. Rome, 209. Rotterdam, 182, 183, 184, 187, 188, 203. St. Bartholomew, 206. St. Petersburg, 204. Schelde, 209. Scheveningen, 210, 211, 215, 217. Schiedam, 183. Schnapps, 187, 200. Skating, 182, 183. Smoking, 188. Spain, 205. Sumatra, 210. United States, 205. Venice, 189, 190, 193. Vienna, 204. Volendam, 183. Washington, George, 205. West Indies, 205. William the Silent, 205, 206, 207. Windmills, 176, 177, 178, 181, 199) 223. Zaandam, 183. MEXICO. Alaska, 227. Alvarado, 280. America, 307, 330, 331- Atlantic, 228, 233. Austria, 270, 274, 277. Aztecs, 228, 242, 243, 280, 284, 285, 294, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 311, 332, 334, 336 Bazaine, 280. Berlin, 331- Calendar Stone, 295. California, Gulf of, 241. Carlotta, 271, 273, 277, 308. Cathedral, City of Mexico, 284, 285, 286. Chapultepec, 304, 307, 322. Chicago, 326. China, 228. Cholula; 332,933, 924; 336, Climate, 238, 241, 242, 280. Cordova, 322 Cortez, 229, 236, 242, 269, 280, 281, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301, Desert, 230, Diaz, Pres., 237, 243, 283, 284, 285, 304. I } gy El Castillo, 277, 278. England, 269. France, 269, 281. Funeral cars, 293, 294. Graveyards, 258, 259, 260 Guadalajara, 236. Guanajuato, 252, 253, 254, 255 256, 257, 259, 260. Guatemozin, 302, 303. Guatemozin, statue, 302. Hidalgo, 257. Holy Land, 245. Hospital of Jesus, 296. lot Wands, 24m. 321,922), 390; 331. Humboldt, 304. Iturbide, Emperor, 286. Iturbide, Hotel, 286, 289. Iztaccihuatl, 308, 312. Jalapa, 236. Japan, 227, 228. Jericho, 246. Juanacatlan, Falls of, 277, 278. Juarez, 243, 272. La Noche Triste, 301. Lerma, River, 278. Lopez, 272. Maguey plant, 262, 265, 266, 267, 332. Marie Antoinette, 274. Maximilian, 243, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 280, 281, 302, 308. Mejia, 273, 274. Mexico, Gulf of, 241. Miramon, 273, 274, 277: Montezuma, 229, 284, 285, 205, 296, 299, 300, 302, 304, 307, 308, 331, 332- Napoleon III., 270, 271, 272, 308. National Museum, 294, 296. New York, 230, 318, 331. Niagara, 277, 278. Nile, 334. Norway, 278. Nubia, 238. Orizaba; 318), 321, 322- Pacific, 228, 241. Raxissaon.24 Dee x Paseo, 302. Playing the bear, 2) 291 Popocatepetl, 308, 31 Pulque, 265, 266, 267, Querétaro, 268, 27 Railways, 314, 3 326. Rio Grande, 227, 229. Romans, 2 Rome, 268, Rural Guards Russia, 286. Sacrificial Stone, St. Petersburg, 331. Secretary Silao, 250, 251, 2 Silver mills, 255 3), Silver mines, 253. Southern Cross, 228. Spain, 234, 269, 270, 286. Stage coach, 234, 235. Tabaco, 331. Table-land, 238, 241, 313. Tampico, 322 serajankeoe Tram-cars, 23 Seward, On ’ ’ United States, 220, 27 WMeras @ruz. 230, OTT eos BZ e225, ae Washington, George, 257. Washington, Moun t, 238, 268. Yucatan, 331. Zacatecas, 244, 245, 249, 252 FLORENCE. Achilles, 20. Alfieri, 77. Alps, 39. America, 7, 8, 38, Ifo. Americans, 7, 8, 38, IIo. Andrea del Sarto, 24. Apennines, II, 92. Aristides, 31. Arno, 11, 22, 33, 38, 65, 84,:100. Athens, 11, 25, 41. Atlantic, 7. Baptistery, 53, 54; 65. Bargello, 42, 43, 44. Bartolommeo, Fra, 24, 28. Beethoven, Bellosguardo, too. Boboli Gardens, 72, 73. Boccaccio, 24, 84, 86. Bois de Boulogne, 84. Bronze doors, 53, 54, 59. Browning, Mrs., 81, 82, 86. Browning, Robert, 60, 86. Brunelleschi, 24, 54, 55, 56, 57, BOOT OZ. LLoe Buonafede, 98. Buonafede, statue, 99, Too. Calvary, 72: 103. INDEX Campanile, 53, 61, 62, 65, 112. Campo Santo, 106, 109, 110, III, tre. Casa Guidi, 82. Cascine, 84. Cathedral, see Duomo. Cellini, Benvenuto, £9, 25) 20, 43, 45> 66. Certosa Monastery, 94, QQ, 100. Cherubini, 77. Church of San Lorenzo, 50. Ghiurchsotesantas Croce,775) 775 78. Cimabue, 62. Clough, 81. Columbus, 12, 57. Constantinople, 41, 57. Cordova, 41. Correggio, 28. Cosimo de’ Medici, Dante, 92. Dante, house of, 45. Dante, statue, 74, 77. David, statue, 14, 17, 105. Dawn, statue, 50, 51. Day, statue, 50, 51. Demidoff, 40. Demidoff, statue, 4o. Dolci, Carlo, 24. Domenichino, 28. Donatello, 24, 55. Duomo, 41, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57; 58, 595 60, 61, 65. Eliot, George, 66, 105. England, 81, 82. Environs, 85, 86, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, I00, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, III, 112. Fedi, 20, 2 Flowers, 82, 83, 84. France, 12, 56. Frescoes, 38, 39, 40. Gaddi, 66 Galileo, 24, 77, 103, 104. Germany, 56. Gethsemane, 72. Ghibellines, 38, 93. Ghiberti, 24, 53, 54, 58. Giotto, 24, 41, 55, 61, 62, 112. Greek mythology, 73, 74- Grisi, 86. Guelfs, 38, 93. Guicciardini, 2 Hadrian’s villa, 31. Hawthorne, 86. Hecuba, 20. Il Trovatore, 37. Interlocked Wrestlers, statue, 28. Italy, 39, 40, 41, 56, 58, 66, 74; 82, 106. John of Bologna, 19, 44. 20, 24, 97, 98, 38, 47. 24, 37, 42, 43, 45, 74) 78> Julius I1., Julian de’ Medici, 50, 52, 53. Pope, 47. King of Italy, 58, 59, 66. Landor, 8r. La Rochefoucauld, Leonardo da Vinci, 22, 23, 24. Loggia of the Lancers, TORLOs 20, 21, 22. Lorenzo de’ Medici, 18. Lorenzo de’ Medici, statue, 50, nN Q 2} N 52, 53- Lorenzo the Magnificent, 48, 49, 50, 86. ILovelll, Jo Ios Bo Lung’ Arno, 33, 34. Machiavelli, 24, 77, 86. Madonna of the Chair, 72. Maharajah’s tomb, 84. Marble Faun, 86. Mario, 86. Medici, Bone Medici tombs, 50, 51, 52. Medusa, 19. Mephistopheles, 24. Michelangelo, 14, 17, 18, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 58) 77, 105. Michelangelo, house of, 45. Milton, Morghen, 77. Motives for travel, 8. National Museum, 44, 45, 47- Night, statue, 50, 51. Ouida, 86. Palaces, 37, 38, 66, 67, 68. Palazzo Vecchio, 12, 13, 14, 18, 22,40, 545 77> T1T- Pantheon, 56, 57. Paris, 33. Parker, Theodore, 81. Perseus, statue, 19, 25. Peter the Great, 4o. Petrarch, 24. Pisano, Andrea, 53, 54. Pitti Gallery, 27, 68, 71. IPioL, IL{UC ZL, CO, 7. Pitti Palace, 59, 65, 66, 68, 72. Podestas, 42, 43. Ponte Vecchio, 34, 65, 66. Portico of the Uffizi, 2 2583: Protestant Cemetery, 78, 81. Queen of Italy, 58, 59, 66. Rape of the Sabines, statue, 19. Rape of Polyxena, statue, 20. Raphael, 28, 72. Ravenna, 78. Renaissance, 11, Reni, Guido, 28. Ristori, 74. Romans, 8, 2 NOME, 1, 41, 50, 575 50> 59: Romola, 66. 47> I2, 1Q, 22, 38, 43, 48, 59; Nn Neb Nv oo Oo - Nn Ww 103. 22, 23, 24, AO, NOS,Rossi, 77. St. Peters. is7. oGe Salvini, 77, 86, rog, rr0. San Miniato, 105, 106, 10g, IIo, Santa Croce, 74, 77, 78. Santa Sophia, 57. Satyr, statue, 47. Savonarola, 12, 13, 14, 24. Sculptors, 86, 87, 88. Seine, 33. Spain, 98 Square of the Senate, 12, 18. Strozzi Palace, 38, 67. Sunset, 111, 112. Thorwaldsen, 88. Alnor, BA. Titian, 28. Tito, 66. Torregiano, 47. Tribune, the, 28. Trollope, 8r. Tsar, 40. Tuscany, 12, 58. Twilight, statue, 50, 5r. Uffizi Gallery, 26, 27, 28. Uffizi Palace, 22, 6s. United States, 110. Vatican, 12. Venice, 41. Venus di Medici, statue, B15 32) 38 Veronese, 28. Vespucci, Amerigo, 2 Victor Emmanuel, King, 59, 74, 28, Te Villas, 85, 86. Vincigliata, Castle, 91, 92, 93, 04. Vittoria Colonna, 50. Westminster Abbey, 77. Wingéd Mercury, statue, 44, 45. NAPLES. ffneid, 121. Africa, 200. Alhambra, 170. Amalfi, 195, 200, 2or. America, 139, 145, 195. Antony, 128. Appian Way, 131. Asia, 200. Athens, 125. Augustus, 2, Bales, 130, 1a2. 050, 2lo. Bay of Naples, x15, 174, 196, 199, 201, 218, 223, 224. Belgium, 146. Blue Grotto, 218, 221, 222. Brindisi, 12t. Brutus, 127, 128. Bulwer, 185. @zesan 0285 03, 0505 2rc. 3, 12t. TL6, 127, 206, 208, INDEX Caligula, 131. Cafion of the Yellowstone, 16s Capri, 199, 201, 212, 222. 222.2 422, 223, 224. Dae ZUNE, Casamicciola, 203, 205, 207, 212. Cassius, 128. Children, 137. Cholera, 149, 150. Chopin, 204. Cicero, I1Q, 125, 128. City of Naples, 132. Dead bodies, 186, 189, 190, rgr. Dickens, 185. Egypt, 125. England, 146. Evil eye, 155, 156, 157. Fishermen, 126, 127. France, 122, 145. Fujiyama, 157. Galilee, 169. Gallery, 133. Genoa, 200. Georgics, ret. Germany, 145. Gibraltar, 200. Goats, 138, 139. Goethe, 166. Golden Horn, 200. Golden Shore, 131. Goths, 131. Greece, 119, 211. Hadrian, 119, 131. Holland, 146. Homer, 116. EIQ aCe erro yea ue House of the Faun, ror. Humbert, King, 143, 149, 207. Improvements, 132, 1 Ischia, 199, 201, 202, 203, 208, 150, > Zi 2h 224s Ischia, earthquake, 203, 204, 205, 200, 207, 208. Isis, 177, 178. Illky, WRG), TOR. Wo), wR, sl, I49, 169, 170. Japan, 157. Jesus, 169, 217. Jettatura, 155, 156, 157. Knights of Labor, 175. Last Days of Pompeii, 185. Lazzaroni, 139, 140. Leap of Tiberius, 218. Wetter writers, 154, 155. London, 185. Macaroni, 139, 140, 141. Mantua, rer. Mediterranean, 200. Military system, 144. Monte Epomeo, 208, 211, 212. Monza, 149. Museum, 170, 171. Musicians, 127, 150, 153. Napoleon, 16s. Nero, 131. Nile, ara. Nisida, 127, 128. Ovid, 176. Pestum, 176. Palmieri, 162. Parthenope, 116, Pentelicus, 2rr. Philippi, r2 2 8. Pilate, 217. Pisa, 200, 201. Pompeii, 157, 15 co LOO} B70, 17 7 L755 170; Lg7. 1 LOL Oe. oon 189, 190, 191, 192, 195, 208. Pompeii, Amphitheatre, 182, 183. Pompey, 131. Portia, 128. Posilipo, 119, raz, 122, 158, 213. Poverty, 142, 143, 144, 145, 149. Pozzuoli, 122, 125, 126, 127. Puteoli, 126. Relic hunting, 174. Renan, 2o1. Rigi, 163. 2 c a ~ Romans, 116, 121, 125, 131, 179, 18r. Rome, 119, 121, 125, 128, 131, I50, 158. St. Paul, 122, 125, 126, 158. Santa Lucia, 133 Saracens, 131. Scotland, 214. Shakespeare, 128. Sicily, 125, 223. Sorrento, 144, 195, 218, 222. Spaghetti, 140, r4r. Spartacus, 158. Story-tellers, 153. Street of Tombs, 189, 190. Spreetsxe4s req. Street toilets, 137. Sunset, 212, 213. Switzerland, 146. Sword of Damocles, 208. Taxes, 144, 145, 146, 140. Tiberius, 214, 217, 218, 222. Trovatore, 153. Troy, 196. Tunnels, 119, 120, r2r. Typhoéus, 202. United States, 139, 192. Vesuvius, 116, 119, 157, 158, TOT) OSs O9s, LOA TOs. roe 169, 174, 175, 177, 179, 183, 184, IQI, 192, 204, 208, 224. Vesuvius, Eruption of, A.D. 79, 183, 184, 185, 186, 180. Villa of Diomede, 189. Wares 119, ren, 12250503170. 202, 213. » 153: Virgil, tomb of, rer, 122.INDEX 26 Cestius, ees of, 299, 304. Childe Harold, Christianity, Vulcan, 164. Walking delegates, 175. Women, 134; 137- 251, 271; 272 304, 314, 319, 326, 336 ROME. Cicero, 252, 257, 259: Cimber, 252. fEsculapius, 234- Circus of Nero, 314. Claudius, 282, 295. Clement XIII., Pope, 320. Cleopatra, 246, 26 Cloaca Maxima, 237, 238. Colosseum, 265, 2 269, 270, 271, 272; 275, Commodus, 296, 307, 311- Constantine, 275, 277) 294: Constantine, Arch of, 2 Constantinople, 228, 276. Agrippa, 287, 288, 30 Agrippa, Baths of, 30 Agrippina, 295. American Catho Antony, 252, 259, Appian Way; 259; 304 395; 320- Appius Claudius, 303- Aqueducts, 288, 289, 290, 3°2- Archangel Michael, 312. Asia Minor, 250, 251. Tomb of, lic College, 326. 258. 301, 302, Athens, 228. Consuls, 241. Atilius, 267. Crypto portico, 279, 280. Augustus, 250, 256, 280, 282, | Dancing Faun, 311. 304. Danube, 259. Aurelius, Marcus, 232, 282, 293, Discoveries, 278, 287, 311. Domenichino, 319. 296, 311. Aurelius, Marcus, Column of, | Domitian, 259, 279 296. 231, 232 Sgypt, 245, 246, 250, 301, 314 Baiz, 304. Elagabalus, 296. Empress, 241- England, 249, 250. Euphrates, 282. Fascination one 227, 228, 231. Barberini Faun, 311. Barnum, 269. Bay of Naples, 304. Bithynia, 252. Bonaparte, Pauline, 284. First walk in, 232. Borghese, Prince, 284, 287. Florence, 311. Borghese, Princess, 247. Forum, 231, 247, 248, 249, 250, Borghese, Villa, 283, 284. 251, 252, 256, 258, 259, 264, Bosphorus, 228, 2 295. Bridges, 237; cae Fulvia, 252. Britain, 250. Galba, 2 Britannicus, 282. Gaul, 5 Brutus, 255, 290. Germanicus, 280. Byron, 303, 305. Géréme, us Cecilia Metella, Tomb of, 303. Geta, 29 Czesar, 231, 237, 248, 249, 250, Gibbon, 29 251, 252, 255, 257, 258, 259, Gl ee oe 270, 272. 269, 276, 277, 290, 295» 335, Golden Horn, 276. 336 Golden Milestone, 250. Ceesar, assassination of, 252, Greece, 234, 250, 300. 255, 250, 257- Gregory the Great, 31: Caligula, 269, 280, 281, 295. Hades, 234. Campagna, 301, 302 Hadrian, 282, 311, 312. Canova, oe 221. Hadrian, Mausoleum, 311, 312, Capitol, 259, 264, 276, 290, 293, Bebe 295- Hall of the Emperors, 295, 296. Capitol, Museum of the, 295. Hawthorne, 204. Capitol, Square of the, 293. Hercules, Temple of, 239. Capri, 283, 296. Horace, 237, 259- Caracalla, 296, 305, 306, 307; House of the Vestals, 240. 308, 311. Ides of March, 252. Caracalla, Baths of, 305, 306, Interest in 3a, 228, 231. 307, 308. Islam, 30r. Cassius, 252. Tsola Tiberina, 233, 234- Catiline, 248. Italy, 232, 287, 303, 33° Cestius, Caius, 299, 304. Jerusalem, 259. Jews, 259. Judea, 322. Julianus, 296. Jupiter, 234, 264. Keats, 304, 305- Lanciani, 275. Leo XIII., 328, 329, 339, 333: London, 259, 290: Louvre, 284. Lucilla, 296. Lucullus, 246. Lucullus, Gardens of, 2 Lysippus, 306. Macrinus, 296. Mamertine Prison, 265. Marble Faun, 294. Martyrs, 271, 272, 314. Maximinus, 296. Maximus Tyrannus, 296. Mehemet Ali, 301. Messalina, 246, 295. Meta Sudans, 265, 266. Metellus, 248. Michelangelo, 294, 313, 322, 222 DVIS Mosaic pictures, 319, 322, 325: Munich, 311. Napoleon, 247, 284. Nero, 246, 248, 282, 295, 304- Nerva, 282. New Rome, 276. New York, 258. Nile, 245, 282. Obelisks, 245, 313 Offenbach, 245 Ostia, 299. Otho, 295. Ovid, 259. Palatine, 240, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 2906, 335- Palestine, 250, 251. Palmyra, 304 Paris, 250, 284, 290 Pertinax, 296. Reterse22. Pharaohs, 245. Pharsalia, 258. Piazza del Popolo, 245. Pillars of Hercules, 282. Pincian Hill, 242, 245, 246, 2 Pius, econinae) ote Pius IV., 288. Bins wall sez. Pius 1X., 327, 328- Pliny, 238. Pluto, 234. Pompey, 256, 258. Pompey, statue of, 256, Pons Fabricius, 237- Pontifex Maximus, Popea, 295, 304. 257- 37, 241. Popes, 288, 299, 301, 312, 320) 321, 326, 327, 328, 329, 33° ae Woo.Protestant Cemetery, 304, 305. Raphael, 284, 319, 333. Reni, Guido, 319. Rienzi, 290. Roads, 250, 251, 3071. Roman Catholic Church, 239, 240, 271. Romans, 2 ; 237, 240, 24I, 242, 240, 250, 252, 257, 258, 260, 269, 272, 275, 282, 200, x e 295, 301, 302, 306, 307, 308. Roman wall, 249. Romulus, 246, 277. Rostra, 252, 256. Rubicon, 248. Sacred Way, 258, 270. St. Ignatius, 259, 264, 265, 272. St. Paull 232, ocr, St. Paul Gate, 296. St. Paul’s without the Walls, 299, 300, 301. wt. Peters, 308, 315, 316, 319, 325, 326, 335. St. Peter, Tomb of, 321, San Angelo, bridge San Angelo, Castle San Pietrini, 325. Saturn, Temple Scipio, 248. Scotland, 249, 282. Senate, 241, 248, Severus, Septimius Severus, 249. Severus, Saco 296. Shelley, 30 Sistine Giapel: Bee. Soldiers, 232, 250, 264, 288. Solomon, 260. Spain, 250. Spartacus, 270. Spoilation, 275, Stephanus, 279. Suetonius, 256. Sultans, 276. Tacitus, 267. Tarpeian Rock, 290. ‘Telemachus, 272. Tiber, 228, 299, 300, 304. of, 248. 52, 256, 260. » 249, 3II. Septimius, Arch of, nN 334) 335: 232, 233, 234, 237; 275, 290, 296, 299, 335. Tiberius, 280, 283, 307. elettis. 250, 260. Titus, Arch of, 2 Tombs, 302, 303. Trajan, 282. ‘Trevi, 289. Triumphs, 259, 260, 263, 264, 276, 304. Tullius, Servius, 237 104. Kemp, John M., architect, 54.28 Knox, John, 55. Lady of the Lake, 39, 40. Lay of the Last Minstrel, 58. Linlithgow Castle, 72, 73. Loch Katrine, 39, 49, 41, 42. Lochleven, 89, 99, 93; 94- Lockhart, 67, 68. London, 13, 97. Macbeth, 103. Maggie, Tam mare, 26. Magnus III., 102 Marathon of Scotland, 16. Marmion, 37- Mary, Queen of Scots, 8, 51, 53; 2, 73) 741 77> 78s 793 8° 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 99 93, 94, 95s 96, 973 98. Mary’s birthplace, 72. Mary’s prison, 89, 90; 93. Mary’s trial and execution, 95, 96, 97- Mary, opposite opinions of, 8. Melrose Abbey, 54, 55, 56, 57, O’Shanter’s 58, 59. Melrose Abbots, 59. Mendelssohn, 36. Mists, 46. Monteith Valley, 74- Morton, Lord Chancellor, 86. Murray, Earl of, go. Napoleon, 40. Neal, David, 83. Newcastle, 14. Norwegian pirates, 102. Ocean greyhounds, 12. Oh, wert Thou in the Cauld Blast, 36. Old Bridge, Ayr, 23. Perth, 14. itioO: Poverty of Old Age, 61, 62. Prince’s Street, Edinburgh, 48. Rizzio, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. Rizzio’s murder, 87, 88. Roderick Dhu, 42, 45. Roderick’s Watch Tower, 42. Romance, 7. Ruthven, 87. Savage boat-builders, 12. Scandinavian mythology, 107, 108. cott, Michael, Wizard, 58. cott, Sir Walter, 8, 37, 38, 395 40, 42, 47, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 98. Scott’s accuracy of description, NW x 37- Scott’s bankruptcy and honesty, 60, 61, 62, 65. Scott’s dogs, 53, 54- Scott’s funeral, 67. Scott’s grave, 68. Scott’s land, 37. INDEX Scott’s last illness and death, 65, 66, 67 cott’s library, Abbotsford, 65. Scott’s monument, 53, 54. Scott’s popularity, 54. Scotch betrothals, 35. Scotch sovereignty, 52. Shakespeare, 23, 103. Shipbuilding, 11, 12. Silver Strand, Loch Katrine, 39. ize, comparative, 7. Souter Johnny, 26. Staffa, ror, 107, 108. Sterling, 14, 19, 51, 74, 85- ‘am O’Shanter, 24, 25, 20. Tam O’Shanter Inn, Ayr, 25, 26. Tam O’Shanter, original of, 25. Trossachs, 37, 46. Tweed River, 59, 66. Twilight of the Gods, 108. Ultima Thule, ror. Union of Scotland and England, NN NNnNNnNNM yw 52, 53: Wallace, William, 13, 14, 15, 71, 98. Wallace, betrayal and trial of, moe Wallace Memorial, 14, 19. Wallace, torture of, 13, 14. Wallace’s defeat of England, 14. Walton, Izaak, 45- Washington, George, 20, 30. Waverley Novels, 37. Western coast, 98, 101, 102: Westminster Abbey, 97. Who are life’s victors? 14. ENGLAND. Ada Byron, 207. Addison’s Walk, Oxford, 191 Advertisements, 128, 129. Alfred, King, 184. Amazon, II5.- America and England, 116, 117. American cow-boy, 128. Ancient royal burial place, 148. Anderson, Mary, 175. Arrival, 120, 123, 124, 125. Avon River, 172, 173, 177- Baggage-handling, 131. Balliol College, distinguished students, 189. Balliol College, Oxford, 188. Beauchamp, Chapel, Warwick, 159. Beaconsfield, Lord, 128. Benefits of travel in, 115, 116. Bicycling, 147. Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1go. Bonaparte, 115. Booth, Edwin, 176. Browning, Mrs., 142. 3ull Hotel, Rochester, 213, 214. Byron, 119, 189, 196, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207. 3yron’s daughter, 207. Byron’s dog, 199, 200. Byron’s grave, 204, 207. 3yron’s home, 196. Byron’s love for liberty, 2or, 203. Byron’s mother, 199. Byron’s statue, 189, 203. Byron’s valet, Fletcher, 200. Byron’s wife, 200. Cabs, 126, 127, 128. Cambridge University, 184, 187, 189, 192, 193. Cambridge University, distin- guished students, 189. Canlyley ano: Castrum, The Camp, 135. Cathedrals, 141. Cedars of Mount Lebanon, War- wick Castle, 154. Charles I., 132, 136, 137, 159. Chaucer, 187. Cherwell River, ror. Chester, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139. Chester Bridge, 132. Chester Plague, 138, 139. Chester Rows, 138. Chester Walls, 132, 135, 136. Childs, George W., 176. Childs Fountain, Stratford-on- Avon, 176, 177. Child’s History of England, 218. Christ Church, distinguished students, 188. Christ Church College, Oxford, 188. Christmas season, 208, 209, 217. Crayon, Geoffrey, sceptre, 166. Cromwell, 132, 137, 159, 163. Crown Inn, Oxford, 184. Custom House, Liverpool, 125, 126. Dee River, 132. Dickens, Charles, 119, 137, 146, 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224. Dickens at work, 2109. Dickens’ ‘‘ breather,” 209. Dickens’ children, 217, 218, 219. Dickens’ Christmas Stories, 208, 209. Dickens’ funeral and grave, 223, 224. Dickens’ home, 214, 217, 219, 220, Dickens’ last days and death, 219, 220, 223. Dickens’ library, 218, 219. Dickens’ localities, 210, 213. Gad’s Hill,Druids, 149. Druidical Stones, 148, 149. Education, value of, 192, 194, 195. Edward I., Eliot, George, 119. Elizabeth, 132, 160, 163, 188. English coast, 120. Erasmus, 187. Farming, 142. Feudal 154) 155. Four-wheelers, 126. French view of flirtation, 160. Gad’s Hill, 214, 217, 219, 220. German Empire, 145. Gondolas of the London streets, 128. Good House ; Nice Beds ; vzde Pickwick, 2:3 Graduates of universities, 188, 189. Gray, 119, 150, 151. Gray’s Elegy, 150, 151. Gray’s Home, 150, 151. Greek regard for Byron, 204. Haddon Hall, 178, 179, 180, 183. Hannibal, rrs. Hansoms, 127, 128. Harvard College, Mass., 189. Harvard, John, 189. Hathaway, Anne, 268, 171, 172. Hathaway, Anne, cottage, 168, cee Henry II., 184. Holmes, O. W., 176 eer 129. Inns, 146, 147. Irving, Sir Henry, 176. Irving, Washington, 165, 166. et Washington, room and sceptre, 166. Ivanhoe, 153. Jesus College, Oxford, 188. Kenilworth, 152, 160, 163, 164. Kenilworth, Novel, 153, 164. Kremlin battlements, 135. Land in sight, 120, 123. Landscapes, 140, 141, 142. Leamington, 151, 152. Leicester, Earl of, 159, 160, 163. Lincoln College, Oxford, z89. Literature, 119, 151. Locomotives, 130, 131. Longfellow, r19. Love’s Kingdom, 183. Magasin du Louvre, 126. Magdalen College, Oxford, 189, Ql. Manners, John, 180, 183. Mary, Queen of Scots, 160, 179. Moscow, 135. Mother country, 116. New College, Oxford, 293) r22. architecture, 152, 153, 188. INDEX New England, rro. New stead A ae 196, 975 oe ew Year’s at Gad’s Hill, O, the pleasant days of o fis ee 165. 4 Old England, 116, 119, 120. Old houses, 138. Oriel College, Oxford, 188. Oriel College, distinguished students. 188. Oxford martyrs, 188. Oxford University, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190, Ig1, 192, 193. Printemps, 126. Puritans at Chester, 137. Pyramus and Thisbe, 128. Railways, 129, 131. Railway service, 129, 130, 131, 132. Rain, 142, 145. Realizing History, 132. Red Horse Hotel, Stratford-on- Avon, 165. Rhine, r15. Richard the Lion-hearted, 184. Roads, 146. Robin Hood, 196. Rochester, 210, 213, 214. Rochester Crate. 213, 223) Rochester Gathedrall 213. Rome, 135, 136, 139, 140, 149. Roman occupation, 139, 140. Roman relics, 135, 139. Roman stronghold, 135. Rowton Moor, 136. Rubens, 159. Si berlandeerus: St. Edmund’s Hall, Oxford, 188. Salisbury Plain, 147. 140, Scenery, 140, 141, 142, 146. Scott, Sir Walter, 164. Seats in street-cars, 129. Shakespeare, 119, 163, 165, 166, MOY/, WN, Wy 7) Wy UGA 75 eu OM Wie Shakespeare Memorial, 175, 176. Shakespeare’s birthplace, 166, 167. Shakespeare’s characters, 168, 17D. Shakespeare’s Shakespeare’s portrait, 168. Shakespeare’s tomb, 173, 174. Sherwood Forest, 196. Spanish motto, 154, 155. Steamer passengers, 123, 124. Stoke-Pogis Church, 150, 151. Stonehenge, 147, 148, 149. Stratford-on-Avon, 152, 165. Stratford-on-Avon Church, 172, 173, 174. Tender, the, 125. epitaph, 174. Tennyson, 119, 189. Thackeray, IIg, 189. Thorwaldsen, Tourists’ headquarters, r5r. Travel, benefit of, prees.rn Ab: United States cars, 129. University towns, 184, 187, 188, 189, I90, IQI, 192, I Urbs, The City, Ae, Veni Ken LEQ: 201. DES. 00s 93. Verdure, r4r, 142. Vernon, Dorothy, 17 Walls; 1325 135, 136, Warwick Castle, 1 To Ge 50s 03" Warwick Castle dungeon, 155. Warwick Castle, grand recep- tion hall, 155, 156. Washington, George, 200. Westminster Abbey, 119, 223 William the Conqueror, 184. Wolsey, Cardinal, 188. Youth’s opportunities, 194, 195. 9, 180, 183. 139, 140. a 1527) 1533 2543 LONDON. Adelphi Terrace, 242, 243 Advertisements, 251, 252 25 Africa, statue, 302. Albert, Prince Consort, 304, 305, 506. Albert Memorial, 302, 303, 304. America, statue, 302. Antiquity, 229. Arab proverb, 252. Architecture, 283, 287, 288, 290, 2QL, 300, 307, 321. Armory, 266. Asia, statue, 302. Ax of Office, 264, : Bank of Englat d, eo 277, 2705 281. Beauchamp Tower, Beaumont, 242, 333. Beef-eaters, 267. Bell Tower, 250. Big Ben, 228, 307. Blood, Thomas, 268, 27r. Bloody Tower, 259, 264. Boleyn, Anne, 260, 265. Boswell, 244. Bright, John, 305. 308, 311. British valor, trophies se 266, Browning, Robert, 33 Buildings, 230. 3uildings, yearly increase, 231. 3ulwer, 292. Cab-drivers, 245, 24 Czesar, Julius, 220. Canterbury Pilgrim Carlyle, 292, 296. Chancery Lane, 245 (on nN » 2430 Charing Cross, 232, 235, 236. Charing Cross, derivation of, 235: Charing Cross Hotel, 232, 236. Charities, ee Charles II., Chaucer, 242, RID Cheapside, 242. Cheshire Cheese Ciivee hee 2 City’s ceaseles Claudius, 22 Clock tower, a 307- Commons. House of, 308, 312, 313, 314, 327, 318. eocicn Chair, 325 Covent Garden, 243. Cromwell, 2 Crown Jewels, 267. Crown Jewels, theft of, 271. Crusades, 235. Daudet, 256 Death rate, 230 Defoe, St Democratic ideas, 314, 317, 318. 2 31, Dickens, Charles, 242, 245, 256, 271, 283, 292, 295, 2OO M205 298, 301, 334- Dickens’ first contribution to literature, 245. Dickens’ mode of getting names for chara-ters, 295. Dickens’ localities, 295, 296, 297, 298, 301, 302. Dickens reading The Chimes, 301. Difference between other cities and London, 227, 228. Disraeli, 292, 308, 311, 312, 313, 320. Early history, 229. East End, 271, 272. Edward I., 235, 324. Eleanor, Queen, Eliot, George, 292. Elizabeth, 238, 265, 275, 324. Engineering, colossal, 248, 251. Europe, statue, 302. Fielding’s Tom Jones, 243. Financial world, centre of, 277, 278. Fleet Street, 237, 244, 245. 3 Fletcher, 242, 333. Franklin, Sir John, 326. Freedom of speech, 266, 336 ch Garrick, David, 243, 333. Gay’s tomb, 326. Gladstone, 308, 311, 312, 313. Goethe, 287, 288. Goldsmith, 244, 245, 334- Goldsmith’s grave, 243. INDEX Government of British Empire, 317, 318. Gray, 333- Hair-cutting saloon, 237. Heine, 284. Henry VIII., 237, 260, 263. Heroes’ tombs, Westminster Abbey, 326, 330- Hotel customs, 232 Howard, Katherine, 260. Human tides, ee 230, 255. Huxley, Prof, B72. Trish Sti ca DG James streets, 231. Jewish population, 230. Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 232, 237) 244, 245, 289, 334- Johnson, Dr. Samuel, diction- ary, 244, 245. Jonson, Ben, 242, 332, 333- Kensington Gardens, 291. King streets, 231. Landseer’s Lions, 282. Lincoln’s Inn, 257. Literature, English, 335, 336- Literary reminiscences, 242, 243, 244, 245, 292, 290, 297; 331; 332, 333; London Bridge, Longfellow, 332 Lord Mayor, 238. Lords, House of, 307, 308. Mary, Queen of Scots, 324. Mermaid Tavern, 242 Metropolitan Police District, 230. Middle Tower, 2509. Milton, John, 242, 245, 333- Mitre Tavern, 243, Monetary power, 277, 278, 281. More, Sir Thomas, 265. Names of streets, 23 National Gallery, 284. Nelson, Admiral, 282, 283. Nelson Column, 282, 283 New England States, 230. Newspapers, 244. Newspaper centre, 244. Newton, Sir Isaac, 245, 331. Norfolk, Duke of, 260. Northumberland, Earl of, 263. Oates, Titus, 241. Old Tabard Inn, Omnibuses, 247. Omnibus drivers, 247, 248. Pantheon of Genius, England’s, Pi Par aris compared with, 282. Parks, 290, 2091. Parliament, Houses of, 306, 307, FOS, Bie Parliamentary principles, 315, 317, 318, 330- Parks, 290, 291. 242. 314, Patterson, William, 278. Pickwick Papers, 296. 322. The Great Gun, 323. The Ivan Tower, 323. The King of Bells, 324. Iberian Chapel and Resurrec- tion Gate, 325. The Church of the Annuncia- tion, 327. The Palace and the Moskwa, 328. St. George’s Hall, 328. Holy Gate of Kremlin, 329. St. Andrew’s Hall, 331. The Tsar’s Throne The Treasury, 332. ) 332: A Moscow Street Scene, 333. A Corridor in the Kremlin Pal- ace 22c 2090" The Burning of Moscow, 336. THE RHINE. Etching Frontispiece. Engraved Title, ‘‘ The Rhine,” 7. The Noble River, 7. The Castle-bordered Rhine, 8. The Rhine at Oberwesel, 9. The Bridge at Mainz, 9. An Alpine Glacier, ro. The Cradle of the Rhine, rz. The Rhine at Boppard, rz. Pfeiffer's Gorge, 12. The Path of the Tamina, 12. 49 Lake Constance, 13. The Chateau of Arenenberg, rq. The Boudoir of Hortense, rs. The Chapel of Arenenberg, 15. Statue of Hortense, 16. The Garden at Arenenberg, 17. The Rhine above Schaffhausen, 18. The Falls of Schaffhausen, 19. The Freedom-seeking Rhine, 19. A Glimpse of Baden-Baden, 20. Baden-Baden, ar. The Theatre, 23. The Restaurant, 23. The Hotel Messmer, 24. In the Allée at Baden, 2s. The Park, Conversation House, and Hotel Messmer The Music-stand, 26. In the Conversation House, 26. The Waldsee, 27. The Old Gaming-hall, 28. Honberg in the Black Forest, 29. The River Oos, 3r. The Promenade of the Drinking- hall, 32. The Drinking-hall Das Alte Schloss, The Gateway, 34. The Entrance, 35. The Banquet Hall in the Old Castle, 35. Ruined Walls, 36. A Corridor in the Castle, 37. The Bathing Establishment, 37. The Lichtenthal Allée, 38. Waterfall in the Black Forest, 25: ge ) 22 9J° 39. In the Black Forest, 4o. The Ruins of All Saints, 41. The Ruins of All Saints, 4r. Heidelberg, 42. The Castle from the Rhine, 42. Heidelberg from the Rhine, 43. Heidelberg Park, 45. A Corner in the Courtyard, 46. The Courtyard of Heidelberg Castle, 47. Statue-covered Walls, 40, A Historic Fagade, 49. Sculptured Kings and War- Y10rs, 50. A Rhenish Ruin, 50. The Great Wine-cask, 51. A Choice of Routes, 52. Along the Rhine, 52. A Rhenish Castle, 53. Statue of Gutenberg at Mainz, 54. Mainz from the Bridge, 55. Castle of Johannisberg, 57. A Rhenish Hillside, 58.Elst 50 A Bit of Rhineland, 59. The Rheinfels, 60. The Rheinstein, 60. The Interior of the Rheinstein, 61. Ehrenfels, 62. The Mouse Tower, 63. Bingen, 63. The National Monument, 64. Bacharach, 65. St. Werner’s Chapel, 65. An Ancient Toll-house, 66. Castle of Schénberg, 67. Senseless Stone, 67. St. Goar, 68. Rheinfels, near St. Goar, 69. The Lorelei, 7:1. The Siren’s Cliff, 72. The Castles of the Brothers, 73. Falkenburg, 74. The Junction of the Rhine and Mosel, 74. Ehrenbreitstein, 75. The Promenade at Coblentz, 76. Erhenbreitstein Castle, 77. Coblentz, 79. Stolzenfels, 80. The Terrace at Stolzenfels, 80. The Knights’ Hall, 8r. A Room in Stolzenfels, 81. Stolzenfels and the River Lahn, oo Capellen and Stolzenfels, 83 The National Monument, Ems, 85. General View of Ems, 86. The King’s Seat, 87. The Covered Gallery at 87. “The Seven Mountains and Non- nenwerth, 88. -Andernach, 89. ‘The Drachenfels, gt. ‘The Ascent of the Drachenfels, Ems, Q2. ‘The Castle of Drachenfels, 93. Drachenburg, 93. View from the Drachenfels, 94. A Glimpse from Rolandseck, gs. Ruins of Rolandseck, gs. The Rhine and Nonnenwerth, 96. Lahnech, Oberlahnstein, 97. The Island of Nonnenwerth, gg. Bonn, 100. Statue of Beethoven, ror. Statue of Arndt, 102. Cologne, 103. Godesburg Castle, ros. The Rhine, near Rolandseck, 106. View of Cologne, 106. Ruined the The Cathedral, 107. Ol WEIGU SIR AWIOIN Ss The Towers, 108. The Glory of Cologne, rog. The Interior of Cologne Cathe- dral, tro. The Open Sea, 111. Mail piece, 112: BELGIUM. “ Belgium,” Engraved ‘Title, TT Gc King Leopold, 115. In the Park, Brussels, 116. The Cathedral of St. Gudule, Brussels, 117. Rembrandt, 118. The Burgomasters Fountain, Brussels, 119. Castle of the Count of Flanders, 120. Van Eyck Square, Bruges, r2t. A Flemish Family, 123. The Galerie St. Hubert, sels, 124. The Eden, Brussels, 125. The Hotel de Ville, 126. House of Charles V., 127. The House of the King, 128. Entrance to the Bourse, 129. Egmont and Hoorn, 130. A Brussels Park, 131. Monument to Admiral Tromp, Brus- 123) Godfrey de Bouillon, 134. The Bourse, 135. The Front of the Palace of Jus- EIGe, oO: The Column of Congress, 137. The Base of the Column, 138. The Royal Palace, Brussels, 139. Modern Buildings, 141. Monument to Leopold I., 142. The Queen of Belgium, 143. The Chamber of Deputies, 144. Palace of Justice, Brussels, 145. Namur on the Sambre, 147. The Coach to Waterloo, 148. 3ird’s-eye View of Waterloo,r4o. La Belle Alliance, r49. Heroes’ Mound, Waterloo, 150. Hougomont, 151. The Close of the Battle, 152. Ney, 153. The Gate, Ghent, 153. Statue of Artevelde, 154. St. Nicholas Church, 154. St. Bavon Abbey, 155. Cloister of St. Bavon, 156. Historic Houses, Bruges, 157. The Pulpit, 159. Old Flemish Houses, 160. A Gate, Bruges, 160. An Old Canal, Bruges, 161. The Belfry of Bruges, 162. Old Canal and Street, 163. The City Hall, Bruges, 163. Antwerp Harbor, 164. The House of Rubens, 165. The Interior of the Bourse, 166. The National Bank and Leopold Monument, Antwerp, 167. Van Dyck, 168. The Cathedral, Antwerp, 169. The Statue of Rubens, 170. The Elevation of the Cross, Ru- bens, 171. Antwerp and the Schelde, 172. HOLLAND. Engraved Title,‘ Holland,” 175. Railway and Canal, 175. Holland Cows, 176. A Lovely Landscape, 176. Tireless Laborers, 177. A Dutch Waterway, 178. Holland Women, 179. A Bit of Holland, 18r. A Quaint Street, 181. Holland in Winter, 182. The Railroad Bridge, Rotter- dam, 183. Drawbridges, Rotterdam, 184. A Canal in Rotterdam, 184. Rotterdam, 185. Water Barges, 187. A Dutch Flower Market, 188. A Characteristic Scene, Rotter- dam, 189. A Commercial Centre, 189. Panorama of Amsterdam, 190. The Royal Palace, Amsterdam, Ql. A Side Street in Amsterdam, 193. The Shipping, Amsterdam, 193. A Dutch Family, 194. Statue of Rembrandt, Amster- dam, 195. Canine Usefulness, 197. Dog Days, 197. Going to Market, 198. Heavily Loaded, 198. A Holland Headdress, 198. A Country Scene, 199. Characteristic Houses, Amster- dam, 200. The Hotel Amstel, Amsterdam, 201. Narrow Sidewalks, 203. A Liquid Avenue, 203. The Palace of Justice, Hague, 204. A Street in The Hague, 204. The Promenade, 205. ThelS The National Monument, The Hague, 206. The Palace and Statue of Wil- liam, 207. The Park, 208. The Royal Villa, 208. The Tower of Mont Aliban, 209. At Scheveningen, 210. On the Beach, arr. Fishermen’s Houses, 212. Interior of a Dutch Cottage, 213. A Fisherman, 215. A Scheveningen Family, 215. Interior ofa Fisherman’s House, 216. The Boats, 217. On the Sands, 218. Utilizing the Wind, 218. The River Amstel, 2109. Holland below the Ocean Level, 221. Holland’s Tireless Ally, 222. Rotterdam Harbor, 223. Tailpiece, 22 MEXICO. Engraved Title, ‘“ Mexico,” 227. Our Private Car, 227. An Adobe House, 228. A Desert View, 228. An Ox-team, 229. Cactus, 230. Lagos, 231. Crossing the Desert, 233. Desert, near Laereon, 233. A Feather Duster Station, 234. The Stage-coach, 235. Soldiers at Station, 235. A Mexican Private Carriage, 236. Peons at Station, 236. A Mexican Horseman, 237. Primitive Locomotion, 237 On the Table-land, 238. A Mexican Village, 238. In the Tropics, 239. In the Lowlands, 241. Group by the Railroad, 242. Police and Prisoners, 243. Young Mexico, 243. A Mexican Water-cart, 244. Zacatecas, 244. Street View, Zacatecas, 245. Plaza Fountain, Zacatecas, 246. The Valley of Maltroda, 247. Water-venders, 249. Hotel at Silao, 250. The Staircase, 251. The Bedroom, 251. A Street, Guanajuato, 252. OF A Street and Cart, 253. Courtyard of a Mexican House, 253. Street in Guanajuato, 254. Washing Tailings, 254. The Mill, 25s. Court of the Mill, 256. The Sick Mule, 256. The Citadel, 257. The Coffin-peddler, 258. Donkey Riding, 259. The Cemetery, 259. An Old Grave-digger, 260. Waiting for an Engagement, 260. The Crypt, 26z. Milking the Maguey, 262. A Maguey Farm, 263. Carting Pulque to Market, 265. A Rich Field, 266. Huge Plants, 266. Selling Pulque at the Railway Station, 267. The Aqueduct, 268. The Plaza Querétaro, 269. The Harbor of Vera Cruz, 269. The Fountain, Querétaro, 270, Maximilian’s Throne, 270. The Bridge, 27r. La Cruz, 272. House where Maximilian was Confined, 273. The Squad of Soldiers, 274. The Hill of the Bells, 27s. The Coffin, 277. Falls of Juanacatlan, 278. City of Mexico, 279. The Railroad Station, 279. Street with Burros, 280. A Mexican Cab, 280. The Alameda, 281. The Jockey Club, 28x. Courtyard of Jockey Club, 282. President Diaz, 283. ‘The Private Residence of Presi- dent Diaz, 283. The Cathedral, 284. The National Palace, 285. The Chamber of Deputies, 285. The Interior of the Cathedral, 286. The Patio of a Hacienda, 287. The Hotel Iturbide, 280. A Mexican House, 290. The House of the Bear, 2or. A Mexican Balcony, 291. Patio of Private House, 292. Tram-cars, 293. A First-class Funeral Car, 293. A Second-class Funeral Car, 294. The Entrance to the National Museum, 294. The Aztec Calendar, 295. IELUSTERATIONS 5 51 Aztec Idol, 296 The Sacrificial Stone and Idol 297. The Hospital of Jesus, 299. The Painting of Cortez, 300. The Sacred Banner, 300. The Mournful Night Tree, 301, The Paseo, 301. 2 Statue of Guatemozin, 302. Castle of Chapultepec, 303. Big Trees at Chapultepec, 304. The Tree of Montezuma, 305. Monument to Mexican Cadets, 307. A Mexican Valley View, 308. Mount Popocatepetl, 309. Burro Train, 311. Iztaccihuatl, 312. The Train for Vera Cruz, 313. Double-headed Engine 31S A Curving Bridge, 314. The Alameda at Orizaba, 315. A Mexican Ox-cart, 317. Scenery on the Vera Cruz Rail- way, 317. Fruit-sellers at the Station, 318. A Mexican Valley, 310. Corn-field andSleeping Watcher, 32r. Farmer Boys, Orizaba, 32r. The Hand-cars, 322. Tunnel on the Route to Tam- Pico, 323. Railroad to Tampico, Down the Track, 326. Scenery on the Tampico Route, 327. Scenery near Tampico, 320. Pool and Fountain, near Las Palmas, 329. Near Las Palmas, 330. Indian Village, near Las Pal- mas, 330. Innocent of Dress, 331. Heavily Loaded, 332. Pyramid of Cholula, 33 2 359° Interior of Church, Cholula, 333: Giving to Two at Once, 334. A Public Bath, 335. View from Cholul Tailpiece, 336. a, 335- FLORENCE. Etching Frontispiece. Engraved Title, “‘ Florence,” 7. Leonardo da Vinci Savonarola, 8. Florence from the Square of Michelangelo, g. The Perseus of Cellini, rz. The Palazzo Vecchio, 12- vey52 The Courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio, 13. Savonarola, 13. The David, 14. Florence from the Hill, rs. Michelangelo, 17. The Loggia, 18. The Portico of the Lancers, 19. The Rape of the Sabines, 19. Polyxena and Achilles, 20. Inside the Loggia, 21. Michelangelo’s Moses, 21. Portico of the Uffizi, 22. Leonardo da Vinci, 23. 30CcCaccio, 23. Amerigo Vespucci, 24. Guicciardini, 24. Benvenuto Cellini, 25. Benvenuto Cellini in Old Age, 26. Niccola Pisano, 27. The Venus di Medici, 28. The Niobe Room, 29. A Corner in the Niobe Room, one Trinity Bridge, 32. The Arno, 32. On the Lung’ Arno, 33. Trinity Square, 34. The Casino on a Gala Day, 35- The Strozzi Palace, 37. Courtyard of the Palazzo Ri- cardi, 38. Old Frescoed Buildings, 39. The Demidoff Monument, 4o. Panorama of Florence, 4r. The Courtyard of the Bargello, 42. The Staircase, 42. The Armory, 43. The Museum of the Bargello, 44. The Wingéd Mercury, 45. Dante’s House, 45. Dante, 46. The House of Michelangelo, 47. Mask of a Satyr, Michelangelo, 47. Michelangelo Pausing, 48. Florence and the Arno, 48. The Church of San Lorenzo, 49. The Tomb of Julian de’ Medici, 50. The Tomb of Lorenzo de’ Medici, Eas The Baptistery, 52. Ghiberti’s Gates, 53. The Cathedral, 54. Exterior of the Cathedral, 55. A Corner of the Cathedral, 55. The Doorway, 56. The Cathedral Dome, 57. Brunelleschi, 58. Queen Margherita, 59. jesse OF WYLUSMIKATONS The Front of the Cathedral, 60. The Duomo, and the Campanile, 60. The Campanile, 61. Giotto, 62. The Ponte Vecchio, 63. Arches of the Ponte Vecchio, 65. The Pitti Palace, 66. A Window in the Pitti Palace, 67. The Pitti Palace, from the Rear, 67. Dupré’s Cain and Abel, 68. Victory, in the Pitti, 69. The Room of the Madonna of the Chair, 71. The Madonna of the Chair, 72. The Boboli Gardens, 73. Statuary in the Bobolhi, 73. Dante’s Statue, and the Church of Santa Croce, 74. Monument to Luigi Cherubini, 5 The Tomb of Michelangelo, 77. The Cenotaph of Dante, 78. The Interior of Santa Croce, 79. The Protestant Cemetery, 8r. Mrs. Browning’s Tomb, 82. In the Gardens of the Pitti, 83. A Gate in the Boboli Gardens, 83. The Maharaja’s Monument, 84. Undulating Hills, 85. The Arch of Galileo, 85. A Florentine Studio, 86. The Venus of Canova, 87. Thorvaldsen, 87. A Studio, Florence, 88. Hall of Honor, Vincigliata, 89. The Castle of Vincigliata, gr. The Entrance to the Castle, 92. The Cloister, 93. A Corner of the Loggia of Vin- cigliata, 94. La Certosa, 95. La Certosa, and Convent-yard, 97: The Monks of La Certosa, 97. The Court and Garden of La Certosa, 98. Interior of the Church of La Certosa, 99. Pleasant Dreams, 100. Galileo, rot. House of Galileo, 103. Galileo’s Tower, 104. The Road to San Miniato, 105. The Cemetery of San Miniato, 106. The Interior of San Miniato, 107. Salvini’s Tomb at San Miniato, 109. Tommaso Salvini, r10. Alessandro Salvini, 111. San Miniato, looking toward the City, 114. Tailpiece, 112. NAPLES. Engraved Title, ‘‘ Naples,” 115. The Bay of Naples, 115. Near Posilipo, 116. Naples, 117. The Old Tunnel, 119. The New Tunnel, 120. View from Virgil’s Tomb, 120. Virgil’s Tomb, 121. On the North Shore, 122. Posilipo, 123. The Coast near Pozzuoli, 125. The Amphitheatre at Pozzuoli, 125. Neapolitan Fishermen, 126. Landing the Nets, 126. | Nisida, 127. Baiz, 128. The Quay of Santa Lucia, 129. Ruins at Baie, 131. The Square and Castle of St. Elmo, Naples, 132. The New Gallery, Naples, 132. Narrow Streets, 133. A Street Group, 134. Hair-dressing, 134. A Naples Street, 135. Neapolitan Boy, 137. An Itinerant Dairy, 138. Cooking Omelets, 139. A Midday Lunch, 139. Drying Macaroni, r4o. Macaroni Eaters, 141. Breathless with Delight, 141. Three of a Kind, 142. Faint from Exhaustion, 143. Naples Gamins, 144. Earning Ten Cents a Day Plait- ing Straw, 145. A Street Scene, Naples, 145. Crispi, 146. Interior of the Royal Palace, Naples, 146. Naples Life, 147. Neapolitan Misery, 149. King Humbert, 150. Santa Lucia, 150. The Riviera, 151. Wandering Minstrels, 153. The Story-teller, 154. The Letter-writer, 155. The Carricello, 156. The Tarantella, 157. Road to Vesuvius, 157. Lava and Cone, 158. The Eruption of 1872, 159. The Observatory, 161.Lava, 162. The Railway, 162. ‘Whve (Care, wy On the Shoulders, 164. In the Chair, 164. Looking into the Crater, 165. Railway and Valley, 166. A Pompeian Street, 167. The Marine Gate, 167. Forum and Arch, 168. Stepping-stones, 168. A Pompeian House, 169. Court and Impluvium, 170. Fountain and Frescoes, 171. Weights and Measures, 171. A Money Chest, 172. A Pompeian House Restored, 2 Frescoes, 173. Soldiers, 174. The Wineshop, 175. The Bakery, 175. A Collection of Discoveries, 176. Hall of Small Bronzes, 176. The Temple of Isis, 177. The Forum and Vesuvius, 178. The Court of Justice, 179. The Tragic Theatre, 179. A Collection of Sculptures, 180. Arch and Pavement, 180. The Amphitheatre at Pompeii, 181. The Eruption, 182. The Flight from Pompei, 182. The Temple of Venus, 183. A Pompeian Family, 184. Nydia, 185. Cast of Mother and Daughter, 185. Body of an Old Man, 186. Pompeii, 187. House of Diomede, 189. The Street of Tombs, 190. The Dog, 190. Hall of Large Bronzes, ror. Excavations at Pompeit, 192. The Site of Tasso’s House, Sor- rento, 193, 194. The Road to Amalfi, 195. Atrani, 195- Convent of the Capuchins, Sorrento, 197. Fishing-boats, 199. Amalfi, 200. The Pleasures of the Chase, 200. Casamicciola, Ischia, before the Earthquake, zor. Castle of Ischia, 202. La Piccola Sentinella, 203. Casamicciola Destroyed, 204. Drawing-room of La Piccola, after the Earthquake, 205. The Ruins, 206. Where the Dead Lay, 207. 196. ELS Os Monte Epomeo, 208. Capri Rocks, 209. Looking toward Capri, 211. The Matchless Bay, 212. The Headland, Capri, 213. The Landing-place, 214. Hotel Tiberius, Capri, 215. The Villa of Tiberius, 217. The Leap of Tiberius, 217. The Steamer at Capri, 218. The Blue Grotto, 2109. The Boats at Capri, 221. The Natural Arch, 222. Sailing from Capri, 223. Tailpiece, 224. ROME. - 90 227. Engraved Title, ‘“‘ Rome,’ Father Tiber, 227. The Marble Faun, 228. Rome, from the Balcony of St. Peter’s, 229. Pompey, 231. The Column of Marcus Aurelius, 231. The Liber, 232. The Island, 233. fésculapius, 234. Statue of Garibaldi, and Dome Oil Si, IPSS, DAG Arch of Drusus, 237. The Cloaca Maxima, 228 = a es) es ithe Gloacas Maximnas, im) the Forum, 238. The Temple of Vesta and the Tiber, 239. The Temple of Vesta, 240. The House of the Vestals, 240. A Street in Old Rome, 241. On the Pincian Hill, 242. The Villa Albani, 243. The View from the Pincio, 245. The Piazza del Popolo, 245. In the Pincian Gardens, 246. The Forum, 247. The Temple of Saturn, 248. The Arch of Septimius Severus, 248. Tourists in the Forum, 249. The Site of the Golden Mile- stone, 250. Columns of the Vespasian, 251. Ruins of the Rostra, 251. Temple of HAUS ERATIONS Julius Cesar, 252. | The Murder of Cesar, 2 The Petitioners, 255. | The Murder, Géréme, 25 Mark Antony’s Oration, The Statue of Pompey, 2 On Oo nr OF 5 Czesar Imperator, 257. The Arch of Titus, 258. Relief in Arch, 259. ‘he Captive Jews, 260. Fountain in the Piazza Navona, 261. The Triumph of Germanicus, 263. A Gallic Chief, 264. Head of a Barbarian, 264. The Colosseum, 265. The Meta Sudans, 266. Arches on Arches, A Corridor, A Glimpse of the Interior, 268. Waiting for the Conflict, Thumbs Down, 260. The Preserved Wall, 270. The Arena, 271. The Martyrs, 271. 266. 207 7: d 268. The Monk’s Appeal, 272 On the Palatine, 273. A Gateway, 275: 2706. The Arch of Constantine, 27 Where the Triumphs Passed, 276. Ruins on the Palatine, 277. The Imperial Amphitheatre, 278. Excavations on the Palatine, 279. : The Gallery where Caligula Murdered, 280. Caligula’s Bridge, 28r. Pavement of the Palace, 28r. Process of Excayation, 282. was Augustus, 283. Tiberius, 283. In the Villa Borghese, 284. The Fountain of Trevi, Rare Works of Art, 287. = oe 255. The Fountain Paolino, 288. An Aérial Waterway, 289. The Appian Way, and Aque- ducts, 290. Ruins of the Claudian Guck, 2or- The Capitol, 293. The Square of the Capitol, 293. The Statue of Marcus Aurelius, A que- Oo 294. The Hall of the Emperors, Classic Busts, 295. Vitellius, 296. The St. Paul Gate, 2c A Hall in the Palazzo Colonna, 204. 6. 207. The Pyramid of Cestius, 299. St, Paul’s without the Walls, 300. A Side Aisle in St. Paul’s, 300. The Via Appia, 301. Tomb of Cecilia Metella, 302. Ruined Sepulchres, 303. The Graves of Keats and His Friend, Severn, 304.~ 3 J Shelley’s Grave, 305. The Baths of Caracalla, 306. The Athlete Scraping Himself, 307. Ruins of Roman Baths, 307. A Corner in the Imperial Baths, . 308. Hadrian’s Tomb, 309. The Bridge of San Angelo, 311. The Archangel, 312. The Square of St. Peter’s, 31 A Fountain in the Square, 31 One of the Porticos, 314. Among the Columns, 315. The First View of the Interior, Be 4. 2 I 0 On The Baptismal Font, 316. The Old Ceremony of Papal Benediction, 317. A Mosaic Picture, 319. A Side Aisle, 319. The Tomb of Clement XIII., 20. The Genius of Death, 320. The High Altar, 321. pihe Wombrot ot beter, o22. Oo A Bit of the Ceiling, 325. The Vatican, 326. A Gallery in the Vatican, 327. Pius IX., 328. IL@@ XSINUL. sats The Gardens of the Vatican, 320. The Vatican Enclosure, 330. The Library of the Vatica The Transfiguration, 331. A Corridor of Statues, 333. The Apollo Belvedere, 334. Treasures of the Past, 334. Hadrian’s Mausoleum and St. can, 330. Reems) oe A 929 5; Tailpiece, 336. SCOTLAND. Etching, Frontispiece. Bneraved Mitley “scotland. 7. Loch Achray and Ben Venue, 7 Mary, Queen of Scots, 8. Balmoral Castle, the Highland Home of the Queen, 9. Shipping on the Clyde, rr. Shipbuilding on the Clyde, rr. Dumbarton Castle, r2. Wallace Statue, Aberdeen, 12 Wallace Statue, on the Wallace Monument, 13. A Distant View of the Wallace Monument, r4. The Wallace Monument, 15. cist OF MLEUSTRATIONS The Statue of Robert Bruce, rs. Flagstaff Stone, Bannockburn, 16. The Field of Bannockburn, 16. Ben Nevis and Ruins of Inver- lochy Castle, 17. Decapitation Stone, near Ster- ling, 19. High Street, Ayr, 20. The Twa Brigs, 20. A Highland Cottage, ar. The Auld Brig 0’ Doon, Ayr, 23. Alloway Kirk, Ayr, 24. Tam oy Shanter and Souter Johnny, 25. The Tam o’ Shanter Inn, Ayr, 2 25. Room where Burns was Born, 26. The Burns Cottage, 26. Along the River Bank, 27. Ye Banks and Braes o’ Bonnie Doon, 28. A Bit of Scotch Scenery, 29. The Burns Monument, Edin- burg, 30. The Burns Memorial, Ayr, 31. Interior of the Burns Memorial, AS Aty 32. Beside the Brook, 32. Interior of the Burns Mauso- leum, Dumfries, 33. Grave of Highland Mary, 35. Robert Burns, 36. House where Burns Died, Dum- fries, 36. The Country of the Trossachs, 37: The Tourist’s Lomond, 38. Loch Katrine, 38. The Silver Strand, Loch Ka- trine, 39. The Lady of the Lake, 4o. The Landing, 4o. Ellen’s Isle, 41. Leaving Loch Katrine, 42. Trossachs Church, Loch Ach- Steamer, Loch ray, 43. Near Roderick’s Watchtower, 45. A Salmon Pool in the Trossachs, 46. The Mountains of Glencoe, 47. Princes Street, Edinburgh, 48. Edinburgh, 49 Edinburgh Castle Guards, 51. The Old Town, Edinburgh, 52. Scott's Monument, Edinburgh, and Scotch A Scotch Piper, 55- Melrose Abbey, 55. The Great Window, 56. A Corner of the Abbey, 56. Grave of the Wizard, Michael Scott, 57- The Crown of Thorns Window, 57: Sir Walter Scott, 58. Melrose Abbey, Churchyard, 58. Abbotsford, from the River, 59. Abbotsford, South Front, 60. The Hall, 6r. The Drawing-room, 61. Scott’s Study, 62. Scott’s Library, 62. Scott's Own Romantic Town, 63. Bust of Scott, 65. Room where Sir Walter Died, 66. An Arch in Dryburgh Abbey, 66. Dryburgh Abbey, 67. Scott’s Tomb, 68. Ivy-mantled Window, burgh, 68. On the Dee, 60. Dryburgh Abbey, West, 71. Mary, 72. In Queen Mary’s Country, 72. Linlithgow Castle, 73. The Quadrangle, Linlithgow Casils, 7. Stirling Castle, 75. Statue of Wallace, Stirling Cas- tee Tie Holyrood Castle, 77. Lord Darnley’s Room, Holy- rood Castle, 78. Holyrood Castle and Chapel, 78. In the Interior of Scotland, 79. . Courtyard, Holyrood Castle, 80. Loch Lomond, 81. Meeting of Mary and Rizzio, 83. Bothwell Castle, 84. A Ruined Stronghold, 85. Happiness Dwelleth not in Pal- aces, 86. Mary’s Bedroom, 87. Murder of Rizzio, 87. The Spot Rizzio Slain, 88. Lochleven, 89. Lochleven Castle, go. Swan Island, Loch Lomond, ot. Lochleven by Moonlight, 93. Dundrennan Abbey, 94. Elizabeth, gs. The Fair Prisoner, 95. Elizabeth’s Hesitation, 96. Last Moments of Mary, 96. from the Dry- from the where wasMary going to the Block, 97. Mary’s ‘Tomb, Abbey, 08. A Highland Mill, 99. The Edge of the Atlantic, ror. Bones Left by the Rapacious Sea, Ior. The Tourist Steamer, at Iona, 102. Iona Cathedral Graveyard, 103. Runic Cross, Iona, ro4. A Highland Hamlet, ros. The Cliffs at Staffa, 107. Staffa, 108. Basaltic Columns, Staffa, 108. The Approach to Fingal’s Caye, 109. ‘The Entrance, rro. Looking Seaward, rrr. Westminster and Royal ENGLAND. Engraved nabs Queen Victoria, 115. Old Oak in the Centre of Eng- land, 116. An English Lane, 117. Shakespeare, 119. Bust of Longfellow in West- minster Abbey, 120. The Edge of England, 120. Land’s-End, rer. The Lighthouse, 123. The Steamer’s Deck, 124. The Tender, 124. The Custom House Pier, Liver- pool, 125. A Four-wheeler, 126. Cabmen’s Shelter, 127. A Hansom, 127. English Vehicles, 128. A Tram-car, 128. A Railway Station, 129. An English Railway Engine, 130. An English Railway, 131. Old Bridge at Chester, 132. Chester Cathedral, 133. Old Inn at Chester, 135. A Part of the Old Wall, Ches- ter, 135. King Charles’ Tower, 136. Old Chester Houses, 136. Watergate Row, Chester, 137. The Reconstructed House, 138. Roman Wall in England, 139. Grosvenor Bridge, near Chester, itle “itnolands:? 139. Ely Cathedral, r4o. English Verdure, 141. Farming in England, 142. bist @F The Izaak Walton Inn, Doye- dale, 143. A Rose-covered Cottage, 145. An English Oak, 145. A Well-kept Avenue, 146. An English Inn, 147. Stonehenge, 148. Like a Colossal Sun-dial, 149. A Gigantic Trio, 149. Stoke Pogis Churchyard, 150. Gray’s Garden and House, 151. Gray’s Monument, Stoke Pogis, Sie An English Country Road, rs2, An Avenue at Warwick, 152. Warwick Castle, 153. The Cedars of Mt. Lebanon, Warwick Castle, 154. The Sun-dial Tower and the Courtyard, 155. The Reception-hall, 156. The Drawing-room, 156. A Street in Warwick, 157. Leicester’s Tomb in Beauchamp Chapel, 159. Guy’s Tower, Warwick, 160. Kenilworth Castle, 161. Ruins of Kenilworth Castle, 163 Part of the Banquet-hall, Kenil- worth, 164. The Red Horse Hotel, 16s. Washington Irving’s Room, 16s. Shakespeare’s House, 166. Room where Shakespeare was Born, 167. Portrait of Shakespeare, 168. Stratford-on-Avon, 169. Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, 171. The Interior of Anne Hatha- way’s Cottage, 172. Trinity Church, Stratford-on- Avon, 173. Interior of Trinity Church, 174. The Epitaph, 175. The Shakespeare 75 The Shakespeare Library, 176. The Childs Fountain, 176. Beside the Avon, 177. Haddon Hall, from the River, 178. Dorothy Vernon’s Walk, 179. The Banquet-hall, 179. Dorothy Vernon’s Steps, 180. Haddon Hall, 181. Dorothy Vernon’s Footbridge, 183. Jesus College, Oxford, 184. Oxford, 185. Gateway to New College, Ox- ford, 187. St. Edmund’s Hall, Oxford, 187. Balliol College, Oxford, 188. Trinity College Library, 189. Memorial, TEES Pea TiOnNs The Bodleian Library, Oxford, Igo. Magdalen College, Oxford, ror. Addison’s Walk, Oxford, 192. The Lime Walk, Oxford, 192. Trinity College Avenue, Cam- bridge, 193. Queen’s College Library, Ox- ford, IQ4. King’s College, Cambridge, 195. Newstead Abbey, 196. Sherwood Forest, 197. Byron’s Oak, Newstead Abbey, 198. ; Byron in Youth, 108. The Dining-hall, Newstead Ab- bey, 199. Byron’s Monument to His Dog, 200. Wickham Bridge, 2or. Lady Byron, 203. Thorwaldsen’s Statue of Lord Byron, 203. Church where Byron is Buried, 204. Byron’s Grave, 204. An English Mill, 205. Ada, 207. Durham Cathedral in Winter, 208. On an English Road, 209. Rochester Cathedral, 210. Rochester Castle, 211. The Bull Hotel, 213. The Elevated Den, 214. Gad’s Hill, from the Lawn, 214. Old Houses in Rochester, 215. Dickens and His Daughter, 217, Dickens’ Study, 218. The Master Pathos, 218. In the Grounds at Gad’s Hill, 219. The Grave of Charles Dickens, 220. On the Upper Thames, 221. Charles Dickens, 223. Tailpiece, 224. of Humor and LONDON. Engraved Title, ‘‘ London,” 227. Regent Street, 227. Fleet Street and St. Paul’s, 228. Tottenham Court Road, 229. Whitehall, 230. The New Law Courts, 23. Charing Cross Hotel, 232. London Bridge, 233. The Eleanor Cross, 235. A Portion of the Strand, 236. Palace and Barber Shop, 237. Old Temple Bar, 237.56 The Temple Bar Memorial, 238. Buckingham Palace, 239 The Strand, Looking West, 241. Lincoln’s Inn, 242. Goldsmith’s Grave, 243. The Shakespeare Fountain, 243. Fleet Street, 244. Bunyan’s Tomb, 2 A London Crowd, 245. Mansion House Street, 246. In the City, 246. A London Omnibus, 247. Omnibus Riding, 248. St. James’ Palace, 249. An Underground Station, 251. London Bridge, 252. Albert Memorial Hall, 253. Westminster Bridge, 255. The Inner Temple, 256. The Middle Temple, 256. The Tower, from the River, 257. The White Tower, 258. The Bell Tower, 258. The Bloody Tower, 259. The Tower Custodians, Beef-eaters, 260. The Tower and Tower Bridge 261. the Traitor’s Tower, 263. Sir Walter Raleigh’s Cell 263. The Traitor’s Gate, 264. The Archway of the ‘Tower, 264. The Site of the Scaffold, 265. LL Queen Elizabeth’s Armory, 266. Bloody The Horse Armory, 267. The Crown Jewels, 267 The Warden of the Night Watch, 268. Ornamental Trophies, 268. Seven Dials, St. Giles’, 269. Newgate Prison, 271. Among the Poor, 272. The London, 273. The Victoria Embankment, 274. The Thames, below London Bridge ey 213: Nearing the Sea, 276. The Bank ee Belnds 77. Ludgate Circus, 2 Statue of General falgar Square, Lambeth Palace, 279 Hotel Metropole, 2 Be. Trafalgar Square, 282. The Nelson Column, 282. Admiral Nelson, 283. Base of the Nelson Column, 283. The Duke of Wellington, 284. The Imperial Institute, South Kensington, 285. St. Paul’s Cathedral, 287. Thames, and Tower of 77: Gordon, Tra- * 278. The Entrance to St. Paul’s, 287. EASE jr ME ICIS The Interior of St. Paul’s, 288. The Nave of St. Paul’s, 289. St. Paul’s, from the River, 289. Westminster Bridge Road, 290. Hyde Park, 201. Rotten Row, 2or. Dickens’ House, Devonshire Terrace, 292. The Promenade, Hyde Park, 293. Doughty Street, 295. Golden Cross Hotel, 296. The Old Curiosity Shop, 297. A Part of the Marshalsea Prison, 298. Lodge in St James’ Park, 299 Kingsgate Street, Residence of Sairey Gamp, 301 The Albert Memorial, 302. The Reliefs, 303. Homer and his Successors, 303. Europe, 304. America, 304. Asia, 305. Africa, 305. Victoria Tower, 306. Clock Tower, 307. The Entrance to the House of Lords, 307. The House of Lords, 308. Houses of Parliament, from the Thames, 309. The Throne, The House of Commons, 311. John Bright, 312. Benjamin Disraeli, 312. Cue Mr. Gladstone, 313. The Princes’ Chambers, 314. The Foreign Office, Hampden, 317. Burke, 317. Prince of Wales, 318. Princess of Wales, 318. Marlborough House, 319. Westminster Abbey, 321. The Towers of the Abbey, The Choir, 322 Tomb of Benny, eee. Tomb of Edward III., 323. The Tomb of Queen Elizabeth, 324. The Coronation Chair, 324. The Jenny Lind Tablet, 325 Sir John Franklin’s 320. The National Treasury, 32 The Tomb of Dean Stanley, 355. 222 322. Monument, 329. The Avenue of Statesmen, 329. Lord Palmerston, Tomb of Davic 330. The Poets’ Corner, 331. Chaucer’s Tomb. 332- 2 880° Livingstone, Saha ELOINS Group of Poets, Memorials of a ~ 392. Shakespeare, 333. Memorial to Dryden, 334. Grave of Bulwer Lytton, 335. Where Tennyson Lies Buried, 335. England’s Guardsmen, 336. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. Etching, Frontispiece. Engraved Title, ‘‘ Southern California,” 7. Life on the Desert, 7. The Desert’s Mountains, 8. Desert Vegetation, 9. Looking back at the Mountains, IO. A California Ranch Scene, rr. Indian Huts, 13. A Fallen Race, 13. A Mexican House and Family, le ‘The Blossoming Wilderness, 15. Complacent Mongols, 17. Characteristic Scenery, 17. Striking Contrasts, 18. Wrested from the Sand, 19. A Palm-girt Avenue, Los Ange- les, 20. An Arbor in Winter, 21. Main Street, Los Angeles, 22. Headquarters, 23. Palatial Residences in Los An- geles, 23. Los Angeles, 24. Plaza and Adobe Church, Los Angeles, 25. Broadway, Los Angeles, 26. An Ostrich Farm, 2 Orange Grove Avenue, dena, 28. Three Miles from Oranges to Snow, 29- A Pasadena Hotel, 30. A Pasadena Residence, 30. Pasadena, 31. A Raisin Ranch, 33. An Orange Grove, 34. A California Vineyard, 34. At the Base of the Mountains, Fremont’s Pasa- Pasadena, 35: Looking down on Gabriel Valley, 36. The Alpine Tavern, 37. The Great Incline, 39. The Circular Bridge, 4o. Imitating a Bird, 41. Swinging round a Curve, 41. The Innocent Trolley, 42, Midwinter in California, 43. the SanA Californian Burro, 4s. Group of Franciscan Friars, 88. Romeo and Juliet, 4s. | Chief of a Tribe of Mission In- San Gabriel Valley, 46. dians, 89. Gathering Poppies at the Base | Indian Women, 809. of the Sierra Madre, 47. San Diego Mission, go. An Adobe House, 48. San Gabriel Mission Church, A Pasadena Lemon Tree, 48. Tee A House modeled after the Old | Discarded Saints, San Gabriel, Mexican Fashion, 49. 92. The Ideal Home, sr. Mutilated Statues, 92. Magnolia Avenue, Riverside, | The Baptismal Font, 93. 52. San Gabriel from the Southeast, A Magnolia Blossom, 53. 4. Part of the Converted Moun- | A Degenerate, 9s. tain, Riverside, 54. The Cross on the Hill, gs. A Driveway in Redlands, 55. Santa Barbara Mission, 96. The Sierra Madre and the San | Where the Fathers Walked, 97. Gabriel Valley, 57. The Cemetery, Santa Barbara, A Few Unconyerted Mountains, I0O. near Redlands, 58. Dreaming of Other Days, ror. Grounds of the Smiley Brothers | Tailpiece, roz. on the Converted Mountain, 59. Irrigating Ditches, 60, GRAND CANON OF THE San Diego, 61. COLORADO RIVER. Point Loma, 62. Hotel Coronado, 62. Engraved Title, ‘‘ Grand Cafion Courtyard of the Hotel, 63. of the Colorado River,” ros. View from the Table-land, 64. A Petrified Forest, Arizona, ros. Pachango Indians at Home, 65. | Pack-mules of the Desert, 106. A Christianized Indian, 67. Evidences of Erosion, 106. The Mission Bells, 67. The Navajo Church, 107. An Aged Squaw, 68. Fantastic Forms, rog. Relics of an Ancient Race, 68. A Specimen of Nature’s Handi- Ecstatic Bathers, 69. work, r10. Midwinter at Los Angeles, 7o. A Mesa, 111. Pier at Santa Monica, 71. A Group of Mesas, 112. Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, | On the Old Santa Fé Trail, Tae 72. An Arizona Cloud Effect, rrs. Not Afraid of the Sun, 73. Old Home of Kit Carson, Taos, In Cottonwood Cafion, Santa ING View a6: Catalina, 74. Grave of Kit Carson, Maos: Liliputian and Giant, 74. N. M., 116. On the Beach at Santa Catalina, | The Bridge of Cafion Diablo, 75: 117. An Old Californian Trading | Homes of Cliff Dwellers, 118. Post, 76. Skulls of Cliff Dwellers, 128. A Bit of Nature on the Coast, 76. | Laguna, 110. Californian Palms, 77. Cliff Palaces, rer. Hermit Valley near San Diego, | A Two-story Cliff Palace, 122. 78. An Early Place of Shelter, 123. ithesPacitie, 70: Crevices in Cafion Walls, r2a. A Sea-bird Fashioned by Man’s | The Summit of a Mesa, 125. Hand, 80. The Mesa Encantada, 126. A Lonely Ocean, 81. Houses at Laguna, 127. Ramona’s Home, 82. The Mesa from the East, 129. The Chapel, Ramona’s Home, | Looking through a Crevice of 82. the Enchanted Mesa, 130. Palms near San Fernando Mis- | The Lyle Gun and Ropes, 131. sion, 83. Man in Boatswain’s Chair, r3r. Corridor, San Fernando Mis- | The Hodge Party, 132. sion, 84. Indian Relics, 132. Santa Barbara, 85. The Top of the Mesa Encantada, San Juan Capistrano, 87. eos LEST OF ILLUSPRAEIONS 57 The Approach to Acoma, 134. Rain Water Basin, Acoma, 135. The Courtyard of Acoma, 136. House of a Pueblo Chief, r A Group of Pueblo Indians A Pueblo Town, 138. Characteristic Pueblo Houses, 139. In the Pueblo, r4r. Interior of a Pueblo Apartment, 142. Pueblo Water Carriers, 143. An Estufa, raq4. Estufa and Surroundings, r4s. Mexican Ovens, 145. The Old Church at Acoma, 146. The Altar, 147. Dance in the Pueblo, 148. Pueblo Girls, r4o. Three Snake Priests, r5r. The Snake Dance, 152. After the Emetic, 153. Chief Snake Priest, 154. Where the Snakes are Kept, 154. Relics of Cliff Dwellers, r55. Summit of a Moqui Mesa, 157. Moqui Cart and Plow, 158. Moqui Children, 159. Flagstaff Station, 160. Packing Wood, 16r. A Mexican Home, 161. Our Car at Flagstaff, 162. The Heavens from the Observa- tory, Flagstaff, 163. Twilight, 164. 37- 2 137° The San Francisco Volcanoes, 165. Night, 167. Starting for the Grand Cafion, 168. The Drive through the Pines, 169. The San Francisco Mountain, 170. The Lunch Station, 17r. Hance’s Camp, 172. Our Tent at Hance’s Camp, 173. Old Hance, 173. The First View, 174. The Earth Gulf of Arizona, 175. A Portion of the Gulf, 177. A Vast Incomparable Void, 178. A Section of the Labyrinth, 179. Mount Ayer, 180. Some of the Cafion Temples, 18r. Siva’s Temple, 182. Near the Temple of Set, 183. Hance’s Trail, looking up, 184. Mist in the Cafion, 185. A Stupendous Panorama, 186. A Tangled Skein of Cafions, 187. On the Brink, 188. Ripley’s Butte, 189.58 A Bit of the River, 180. On Hance’s Trail, 190. A Section of the Colorado River in the Cafion, ror. A Vision of Sublimity, 193. Starting down the Trail, 194. A Yawning Chasm, 195. Obliged to Walk, 196. A Cabin on the Trail, 197. A Halt, 198. At the Bottom, 198. Taking Lunch near the River, 199. Beside the Colorado, 200. A Notch in the Cafion Wall, 201. Monster Cliffs, 201. Miles of Interlacing Cafions, 202. Miles of Interlacing Cafions, 203. Tailpiece, 204. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Engraved Title, “ Yellowstone National Park,” 207. Lone Star Geyser, 207. The Grotto, Geyser’s Cone, 208. Entrance to the Park, 209. The Watchful Sentinel, 210. The Mammoth Springs Hotel, Tale Hall of the Hotel, 212. The Photographer’s House, 212. Mammoth Hot Springs, 213. Fort Yellowstone, 215. A Forest in the Park, 216. Fire-hole River, 217. Mountain Sheep, 218. Yellowstone Elk, 218. Buffaloes in the Snow, 219. Gathering Buffalo Bones, 221. A Yellowstone Road, Liberty Cap, 223. A Mound of the Hot Spring Terraces, 224. Minerva Terrace, 225. Mammoth Springs 222 bist OF MebuUSL RATIONS Jupiter Terrace, 226. Vitality and Death, 227. Sepulchres of Vanished dor, 228. Man and Nature, 228. The Pulpit Terrace, 229. A Camping-party, 231. A Coaching-party, 232. No. 13%, 232. Hotel at Yellowstone Lake, 233. The Golden Gate, 234. The Golden Gate, looking out- ward, 235. The Plateau, 236. Electric Peak, 237. The Glass Mountain, 239. An Indian Chief, 240. A Trapper, 240. The Norris Basin, 241. A Place of Danger, 242. A Camping-station, 243. A Baby Geyser, 245. The Black Growler, 246. Larry, 247. Larry’s Lunch-station, 247. The Biscuit Basin, 248. A Geyser Pool, 249. A Cloud-burst of Jewels, 250. The Oblong Geyser, 251. The Giant Geyser, 25 The Castle Geyser, 253. On Its Flinty Sides, 253. The Castle Geyser’s Cone, 254. The Castle and the Beehive in Action, 255. The Crater of Old Faithful, 256. Castle and Old Faithful Geysers, Splen- iN) 2 257. Old Faithful in Action, 259. Hell’s Half Acre, 260. The Excelsior in 1888, 260. Evening in the Upper Basin, 261. The Morning-glory Pool, 262. Prismatic Lake, 262. The Road the Gate, 263. The Emerald Pool, 265. Sunlight Lake, 266. The Devil’s Punch Bowl, 267. Golden near The Mammoth Paint-pot, 268. The Road by Gibbon River, 269. Grotesque Images in Clay, 271. On the Continental Divide, 27:1. The Silver Thread Connecting Two Oceans, 272. ihe Mhree etons; 273; Lake Yellowstone from a Dis- tance, 274. Rustic Falls, Yellowstone Park, 275. The Solitary Steamboat, 277. On Lake Yellowstone, 277. The Sleeping Giant, 278. Along the Shore, 279. Great Fishing, 280. Larry, as Fisherman and Cook, 281. A False Alarm, 282. Hayden Valley, 283. Approaching the Mud Geyser, 285. A Stranger in the Yellowstone, 286. A Natural Bridge, 287. A Petrified Forest, 289. The Park in Winter, 290. The Expedition of 1887, 291. F. J. Haynes, 291. The Cafion from a Distance, 292. Yellowstone River above the Falls, 293. The Great Falls of the Yellow- stone, 295- Upper Falls of the Yellowstone, 296. The Cafion from Brink of Falls, 2096. The Cafion from Grand Point, 207: Down the Cafion from Inspira- tion Point, 298. Below the Upper Falls, 299. Miles of Colored Cliffs, 302. Temples Sculptured by Deity, 302. The Cafion from Artist Point, 303. Tailpiece, 304. theJor. eee oe Wo ecteterel 2 on 5 Jeane ( ee 2 Ap00 GF V9 en ODay Pi e7 Pevese 0 fort wee KE feruet % fo . oy threwrash yi Cause. : 2 L Aeop. 1667 ie. tz Fe Cap* JB eocer, Seuse Lex Gw Of Sha ane Cftwe Ef aK.Z, Zo Ctr Of 5 flaALDERMAN LIBRARY The return of this book is due on the date indicated below SS SE SCE DUE Usually books are lent out for two weeks, but borrower should ped above. Fines ks at the rate of d books there are Books must be al is desired. there are exception note carefully the date stan ged for over-due boo ve cents a day; for reserve special rates and re presented at the des